802:
219:
178:
Colonial acquisition of German in
Namibia often took place outside of formal education and was primarily self-taught. Like many pidgin languages, Namibian Black German developed through limited access to the standard language and was restricted to the work environment.
591:
Stolberg, D. (2012). When a standard language goes colonial: Language attitudes, language planning, and destandardization during German colonialism. 25th
Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics, Workshop 2: Foundations of Language Standardization. Retrieved from
170:, or English. Along with general learning in the metropolitan environments of Southern Namibia where Namibian German is spoken, NBG may be preserved nominally through parent-to-child or in-house transmission.
131:
620:
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Deumert, A (2003). "Markedness and salience in language contact and second-language acquisition: evidence from a non-canonical contact language".
158:. It was never a first language. It is currently spoken as a second language by people generally over 50 years old, who today usually also speak
566:
941:
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Langer, N., McLelland, N. (2011). German
Studies: Language and Linguistics. The Year's Work in Modern Language Studies, 71, 564–594.
183:
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Currently several hundred thousand
Namibians speak German as a second language – many, but not most of them Black, and while
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Markedness and salience in language contact and second-language acquisition: evidence from a non-canonical contact language
194:
English and
Afrikaans have left an influence on the development of NBG, leading to three primary prepositional patterns:
266:
521:
Deumert, A. (2010). Historical
Sociolinguistics in a Colonial World, Methodological Considerations . Retrieved from
248:
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154:. It is nearly extinct. It was spoken mostly by Namibians who did not learn standard German during the period of
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304:- "Master went hunting and he's not at home" ("Der Herr ist zur Jagd gefahren und ist nicht zu Hause")
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None (only learned as a second language), possibly with some minor transmission to youth
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Shah, Sheena (2007). "German in a contact situation: The case of
Namibian German".
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http://hison.sbg.ac.at/content/conferences/handoutsslides2010/Deumert3.pdf
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530:"Namibian Kiche Duits: The Making (and Decline) of Neo-African Language"
433:"Language Contact and Morphosyntactic Complexity: Evidence from German"
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108:
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218:
326:. Language Sciences. Vol. 25. Elsevier Ltd. pp. 561–613.
198:
adding a preposition where
Standard German would use the accusative
801:
201:
dropping prepositions which are usually present in
Standard German
809:
750:
147:
42:
292:- How much does the banana cost? ("Was kostet die/eine Banane?")
859:
143:
628:
567:"German in a contact situation: The case of Namibian German"
186:
often does not adhere to standard German, it is not pidgin.
594:
http://conference.hi.is/scl25/files/2012/06/Stolberg.pdf
279:
Examples of phrases with
Standard German equivalents:
204:
changing the preposition that is required by the verb
298:- 'late hour', meaning 'it's late' ("es ist spät")
908:
345:Maitz, PĂ©ter; Volker, Craig Alan (2017-12-04).
891:
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431:Maitz, PĂ©ter; NĂ©meth, Attila (March 2014).
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247:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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52:Black Namibians, generally Herero and Nama
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267:Learn how and when to remove this message
527:
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351:Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
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286:- long no see ("Lange nicht gesehen")
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560:10.5699/yearworkmodlang.71.2009.0564
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245:adding citations to reliable sources
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534:Journal of Germanic Linguistics
437:Journal of Germanic Linguistics
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16:German-based pidgin of Namibia
1:
515:10.1016/S0388-0001(03)00033-0
332:10.1016/S0388-0001(03)00033-0
308:
870:. You can help Knowledge by
816:. You can help Knowledge by
386:"Settler colonialism speaks"
302:Herr fahren Jagd, nicht Haus
7:
384:Deumert, Ana (2018-11-09).
208:
10:
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852:
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580:(2): 20–44. Archived from
347:"Documenting Unserdeutsch"
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927:Germany–Namibia relations
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142:, "kitchen German") is a
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777:Kiautschou German pidgin
729:Argentinian Swiss German
932:German-Namibian culture
363:10.1075/jpcl.32.2.06mai
866:-related article is a
812:-related article is a
139:
651:Namibian Black German
633:spoken outside Europe
565:Shah, Sheena (2007).
322:Deumert, Ama (2003).
123:Namibian Black German
22:Namibian Black German
922:Languages of Namibia
765:Asia and the Pacific
402:10.1075/le.18006.deu
241:improve this section
27:Namibian Kiche Duits
744:Paraná Volga German
528:Deumert, A (2009).
290:Was Banane kosten?
77:German-based creole
693:Pennsylvania Dutch
284:Lange nicht sehen
150:that derives from
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872:expanding it
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782:Unserdeutsch
756:Plautdietsch
739:Ostpommersch
703:Texas German
698:Plautdietsch
673:Amana German
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239:Please help
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190:Prepositions
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146:language of
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32:
486:(2): 20–44.
443:(1): 1–29.
156:German rule
33:Kiche Duits
911:Categories
309:References
645:Namibia:
457:1470-5427
418:135407958
410:2452-1949
371:0920-9034
228:does not
168:Afrikaans
132:‹See Tfd›
109:Glottolog
90:ISO 639-3
49:Ethnicity
465:44022622
296:spät Uhr
209:Examples
160:Standard
810:Namibia
751:Hunsrik
249:removed
234:sources
174:History
148:Namibia
125:, also
43:Namibia
860:pidgin
639:Africa
631:German
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136:German
858:This
808:This
585:(PDF)
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570:(PDF)
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414:S2CID
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862:and
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232:any
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115:None
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243:by
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129:, (
127:NBG
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
