Nathan ben Abraham I

11975:, and many more. Whatsoever our hook brought up on that blessed day is today in my possession. Some of them still show upon them the vestiges of the soil and clay to this very day. Among the spoils, we found an old hand-written book, the majority of whose pages were already sticking together, clumps upon clumps. My grandfather sat a long time, slowly soaking them in water and with great patience, after he had checked and saw to his satisfaction that the letters were not being erased by soaking them in water. I still remember how the pages were strewn across the entire room of my grandfather's workshop, of blessed memory, so that they could dry. After drying and arranging the pages, it was clear that this was the very Mishnah commentary which we now present before our readers. This book was the only surviving sort of its kind in the world, which, had it not been for this action, it would have been lost to the world. The book was missing a few pages, in the Order known as 11948:. From time to time, when a sufficient quantity of books, fragments of books, pages and worn-out leaves has been amassed there, they collect them, place them inside earthenware jars and bury them in the cemetery, near one of the righteous men, and occasionally there are buried books, pages and leaves of valuable worth, which the same person who is meant to oversee has not fully appreciated their worth. To our happiness, many times the grave diggers are too lazy to dig deep, well beneath the earth. Wherefore, occasionally, after the rainy season, especially in the years that are blessed with plenty of rain, the heads of these jars are exposed because of rain erosion, where it eroded and made thin the upper layer of earth. My grandfather who is now deceased, the Rabbi Yihya Qafih, of blessed memory, would complain about the overseers of the synagogues and reprimand them over burying in the 11957:, according to where the informant had directed us. Now since my grandfather, of blessed memory, was already old, above eighty years in age, and it was difficult for him to bend down, I was the one who took out books and fragments of books, and ordinary pages that were wet and moldy, dusty and muddy, both hand-written manuscripts and printed texts; my grandfather, of blessed memory, sitting throughout all this time upon a stone, examining them and sorting them, one by one, until the early afternoon, and then we returned the rest inside the jar and covered it up. We took with us what we had sorted and returned to the city. At the departing of the Sabbath, my grandfather sat down to sort through his spoils, to take-apart the pages that had already stuck together because of the wetness from the rains that had penetrated within the jar. In this 11678:(Arabic: القندول‎) as follows: After collecting the yellow florets of the spiny broom, they were spread out over thickly woven sackcloth which lay out in the hot sun. Upon the florets was poured hulled sesame seeds and covered with linen sheets. They were left in this condition until the moisture in the florets had evaporated. In this manner, the sesame seeds would absorb the sweet fragrance of the florets. After one or two days, the florets and sesame seeds were then separated, the sesame placed on clean linen garments, being allowed to further dry-out from the moisture absorbed by the florets. This process was repeated up to 3 or 4 times, with a fresh batch of florets set out to dry, until at length the pungent flavor of the florets (resembling the taste of vanilla) had been fully imparted to the sesame seeds. 11953:

merit to the congregation. He commanded one of the caretakers of the cemetery that, in the event that the heads of the jars such as these should ever be exposed, he was to inform him, before he proceeded to dig deeper in order to bury them once more. I remember when I was about ten years old, the man came to inform my grandfather, of blessed memory, that such that had been buried was now exposed. I remember that it was on a Thursday, before nightfall. On the next day, on Friday morning, my grandfather took me with him, and we went out together to the place of the

11619:, where it describes the flavoring process as follows: "...rose-petals, the lower white part removed, were sewn into a linen bag and immersed in wine for seven days. Thereupon, add a sack of new petals which allow to draw for another seven days. Again, remove the old petals and replace them by fresh ones for another week, then strain the wine through the colander... Take care that only the best petals free from dew be used for soaking. In a similar-way as above like the rose wine, 54: 505:. Since the anonymous copyist makes use of other sources in the original work bequeathed by Rabbi Nathan, it is not uncommon for him to give one explanation for a word in one tractate, but in a different tractate give a different explanation for the same word. The anonymous copyist deviated from the set order of the Mishnah, bringing down the order as follows: ( 6631:

confronted by a certain disciple who said that they were not permitted to do so, they immediately cut down the tree. Upon inquiry, they learnt that they did right in cutting down the tree, since their grafting was done with diverse kinds, in direct violation of the Torah. However, to take the scion of the tree "ḥuzrad," and to graft it onto the

387:" (Abraham the Pious). This last epithet is believed to have been an error by the copyist, who mistook its true author, Nathan ben Abraham (of the 11th century), with Nathan ben Abraham II, the grandson of the former. He then proceeds to bring down a long introduction wherein he spans the history of the written and oral Laws, writing in 513:) 'Eruvin, Pesahim, Sheqalim, Kippurim, Sukkah, Betzah, Rosh Ha-Shannah, Ta'anith, Megillah, Hagiggah, Mo'ed Qatan, etc. Occasionally, the explanation given for a certain word or phrases found in one Mishnaic verse is explained by the author in one of the subsequent verses, such as the teaching about the dried figs and 5088:), within the Jewish cemetery itself on the outskirts of the city. Three copies were made of the original manuscript, before it was sold to a certain Shelomo Halevi Busani (later of Tel-Aviv), who, in turn, sold the manuscript to the Schechter Library in New York. Today, the original manuscript is housed at the 5935:(= wild). In any rate, according to Amar, Maimonides held the "erus" to be a type of "wide-leaved mint," rather than the iris plant itself, since the upper stem of the "erus" plant exists in both winter and summer, unlike the iris that exists for the most part only in winter. According to Amar, the Arabic word 366:

and the explanations given by them for words and passages in the Mishnah. The author's introduction reads: "I found the commentaries of Rabbi Nathan, the President of the Academy, for explicating the different language usages in the Mishnah, and I have seen fit to add thereto others besides, drawn

6630:

1:4) questions what would happen if the scion of a different cultivar of pear were grafted onto the native pear. The question was answered by bringing down a case where the people in the vicinity of Arieh were grafting a scion of apples onto a cultivar of pear known as "ḥuzrad," and when they were

12044:

British Library, Or. 11117. A microfilm of the same is available at the Hebrew University National Library (Manuscripts Department), listed as Microfilm no's. F-6639 and F-8333. Unlike the disordered pagination in the Yemenite MS., the British Library MS. is collated in its proper order, although

11952:

things which contain pearls of great beneficial use, and of invaluable worth, without allowing for a man who is more adept and who knows how to examine them first and to determine what is worthy of being buried and what is still worthy of being used by the coming generations, so as to give some

5372:

and others, based on the author's choice of Arabic words and which tend to show a dialect of Arabic used in Yemen, as well as the manuscript's place of discovery, viz. Yemen. However, this conclusion is not agreed upon by all, since many of the words brought down by Qafih to prove this point and

569:

bearing, depending on how they are explained. There are above one-hundred entries of plants mentioned in the Mishnah that have been identified by Rabbi Nathan. In some entries, two different explanations are given for one word, the one perhaps under the authority of another rabbinic sage.

8401:'s family would send this kind of produce to certain of their friends who would leave it to be eaten after the main course of the meal, in which case they would then make a blessing over it before eating it, and another blessing over it after eating it (End Quote). Other rabbis, namely, 332:

in the Mishnah (and is the oldest existing commentary encompassing the entire Six Orders of the Mishnah). Scholars have ascribed this commentary a unique significance, saying that by virtue of its composition in the Land of Israel, its interpretations are believed to embody an unbroken

5151:

publishers of Jerusalem printed the Hebrew translation of Rabbi Nathan's commentary, yet only as a supplement to other commentaries. In 1958, the same publishers published a single edition, edited by Mordechai Yehuda Leib Sachs. A third edition was published by them in 1965. The

6570:

It stands to reason from Rabbi Nathan's explanation that although this fruit is merely a cultivar of melon, it was facetiously called in the Hebrew tongue an "Egyptian gourd," or "Egyptian pumpkin," by way of belittling the fruit's outward appearance. The teaching in Mishnah

565:' Mishnah commentary - the two often complementing each other, but differing in several key areas. A comparative study gives readers a glimpse into words that carried different connotations in that period, with occasional words whose identification can have a significant 7808:

Nathan ben Abraham (1955), who makes note elsewhere in his work that the לטום was believed to be a cross-breed between an oak tree and a terebinth tree. In any rate, from an etymological standpoint, the word has undergone changes in meaning over the years. According to

7022:

It is important to note, in the case of this herb, that there are two different stages of development: the young stage in which the leaves are green and large and edible, and the mature stage in which the plant becomes thorny without any resemblance to its first

281:(Old Cairo), in Egypt, where he had certain business engagements, and where it was that he'd meet his future wife, the daughter of Mevorakh ben Eli, a wealthy citizen of Fustat. Nearing the age of forty, he returned to his native Palestine and, after settling in 11936:, recalling the event, describes it as follows: "There is a custom had among most of the people who assume oversight over the synagogues in Yemen that any book that has become worn-out or become very old they'd store it away in the vault situated beneath the 9912:, meaning, vegetables that are bitter and require being made palatable by the fire, through boiling, for although they are unfit for eating before they are made sweeter, he is permitted to carry them in order to make them palatable for eating." Rabbi 403:

who compiled the Mishnah in 189 CE. In all this, he never once mentions his own name, but chooses to remain anonymous. He also explains some of the terminology used in the Talmud, such as when a saying is meant to be understood as an external teaching

11324:(Book II-167) - as explained by late horticulturalists - is said to be a kind of chervil, and can apply to any of the following genera: Chaerophyllum, Anthriscus, Chaetosciadium and Scandix. Of these, the most commonly grown chervil in Israel is 310:, and which post he held until his death. During his years of public service, Rabbi Nathan had garnered the support and backing of Diaspora communities, although Solomon ben Judah had secured the backing of the local community, as well as the 268:

of the Land of Israel in 1095 CE. This view has been rejected by more recent scholars, such as Gil (1983), Friedman (1990), Danzig (1998), Amar (2011) and Fox (1994), who put him two generations earlier. In around 1011, Nathan travelled to

6093:

The sense here is to a concoction made from boiling the stripped leaves and stalks of vegetables (still in the ground), used medicinally, but especially for warding off the effects of drunkenness. Not to be confused with the vegetable

5739:). Ibn al-'Awwam, however, clearly disagreed with Maimonides' identification of this fruit as being called "al-barqūq," writing in the above work (1802, p. 336 of vol. 1, chapter 7, article 40) that "al-barqūq" had the connotation of 5134:

copy of the Introduction taken from Rabbi Nathan's commentary, believed to have been singled-out because of its more profound nature. Rabbi Yosef Qafih has provided a Hebrew translation of the Introduction in the Mishnah published by

10340:

in the Tosefta, it is evident that one is permitted to take the scion of a hybrid "krustemelo", in this case a pear cultivar, and graft it onto the rootstock of a native pear. Rabbi Nathan ben Abraham, speaking of "krustemelo" (Heb.

5994: ?), in a foreign language, they being kinds of condiments that are put in the cooked dish, although others explain that it is an herb; whenever it yields seed the seed rattles as a sort of bell, this being the principal .” Cf. 259:

A critical analysis of the time-frame in which the author of the Judeo-Arabic Mishnah commentary lived places him in the early 11th century. Assaf suggests that he was Rabbi Nathan the second, the son of Rabbi Abraham who was called

11635:(vol. 1, book VIII, ch. 1), adds that rose petals were first dried and pounded before being placed in a cloth and inserted into the wine. The process of applying an aromatic scent to oil differs, and is described by Geoponica, 9414:

document where "peragin" are said to have a growing period of six-months before they become edible; See Feliks, Jehuda (1973:165), where Prof. Jehuda Feliks argues effectively in favor of this identity, saying that the Mishnah

12057:(1932), pp. 1061–1062. Sassoon dated the copy to the 15th-century, but not knowing the full nature of the work, thought it to be an Introduction to the Talmud, and which he surmised was written by Joseph ben Judah ibn ʿAḳnin. 9118:(2012), pp. 167–168, contends that this identification is in error, since the tree is very rare in Israel, and can only be found in a valley near Akko and in the Mount Hermon region. Moreover, Amar cites a reference to the 11396:(=parsnip; carrot), only it is slighter and more bitter, though its properties are the same. It is eaten, cooked or raw, with great advantage to the stomach, for it dries up all its humours, however deep these may lie." 8047:

1:2) relates an ancient belief that if one were to take a seed from a watermelon and a seed from an apple, and then place them together in an impression made in the earth, the two seeds would fuse together and become

395:(= "So said the gatherer ," etc.), covering the Torah's reception at Sinai and how it was transmitted down throughout successive generations, naming some thirteen generations from the time of Israel's return from the 8168:(Egyptian cucumber = Cucumis melo var. chate), they would not have been considered diverse kinds with respect to each other, similar to a black ox and a white ox that plough together are not considered diverse kinds. 535:(1194–1270), who cites the commentary in his own Talmudic commentary, saying: "Likewise, I found written in the glosses of old copies of the Mishnah composed in the Land of Israel where they explained the meaning of 10599:(2020), pp. 244–245, 335. "This species of cucumber is long and thin, 24 cm long and 3½ cm thick, but up to 80 cm long, always bent, sometimes almost curled, light green with 10–17 darker stripes, slightly juicy." 11898:

yarn (filling yarn). Since the batten in many cultures is a flat board of wood that is tapered to a thin edge all along its broad side, it is actually called in some countries "sword." Maimonides thought the word

7222:

39b (s.v. הירבוזין) opines that it is הנפל"ש, meaning sorrel (Rumex), and that what all other commentaors understood to mean "wild" (Heb. שוטין) was understood by Rashi to mean "asparagus". Maimonides explains

9832:) itself is the most important of all the chief aromatics, and its manner is to harden and form into pieces, and when it spoils it no longer hardens but remains in the liquid-state, and is called `the oil of 12007:, Microfilm 6008. A microfilm of the same is available at the Hebrew University National Library (Manuscripts Department), listed as Microfilm no. F-35334. The pages of the MS., however, show some disorder. 10451:), clearly disagreed with Amar's identification of this fruit as a plum, writing in the above work (see Ibn al-'Awwam 1802, p. 336 of vol. 1, chapter 7, article 40) that "al-barquq" had the connotation of 6404:

According to Mordechai Yehuda Leib Sachs, one opinion states that the first man, Adam, and his wife, Eve, had eaten from the fruit of the banana tree, and that it is alluded to in the Talmud (end of

7817:, the word may have formerly meant a type of tree resin, such as gum-mastic or rosin, although by the 5th-century CE it was understood as being a fruit, and which fits the Talmudic description in 5428:, X , 542–545); Friedman, Mordechai A. (1990a), p. 41 –42 . Simcha Assaf and Mordechai A. Friedman are in dispute over whether it was Rabbi Nathan or his Yemenite copyist who quotes from R. David. 360:

provenance. It is doubtful that his work would have survived, had it not been for the faithful copyist, whose innovation was to interweave in the existing text the divergent views held by several

11807:

2:2. The problems with identification arise from Jewish oral tradition where it expressly prohibits Greek hyssop, and where the biblical plant is said to have been identical to the Arabic word,

5359:(born 1135), who also compiled a Judeo-Arabic commentary on the Mishnah (see: Nathan ben Abraham (1955), vol. 1, Preface written by Mordecai Yehudah Leib Sachs, appended at the end of the book). 7373:---- a fine wheat whose color is dark brown; very difficult to separate its husks and it cannot be separated except in a mortar. The bread made therefrom is tasty and its flour is like unto 8244:

has roots resembling those of carrots, for which reason medieval Hebraists and philologists would have classified the vegetable as a carrot. It is to be noted, furthermore, that in foliage,

11991:

it was missing perhaps one page, but the remainder of the book, to our delight, was found altogether complete, from beginning to end" (See Nathan ben Abraham (1955), vol. 1, s.v. Appendix:

6418:(1974), proposed that bananas were only lately introduced into the Mediterranean regions by the Arabs between the 8th and 12th centuries CE, but there is no real evidence for this claim. 314:

governor of Ramleh. In Palestine, he compiled a commentary on the Mishnah, which commentary enjoyed widespread circulation in the Jewish world in the late 12th and early 13th centuries.

9480:(1974), proposed that sorghum was only lately introduced into the Mediterranean regions by the Arabs between the 8th and 12th centuries CE, but there is no real evidence for this claim. 6755:, with the same medicinal properties, but more bitter, used as an infusion in teas and drunk to help soothe upset stomachs. The leaves are said to be thick like those of sage (Salvia). 9787:) are cognate words, from which latter word's meaning one may learn about the former. In the Arabic language spoken in Palestine the name is applied to the herb White-leaved Savory ( 5016:

Some referents of Hebrew words have become so entrenched in rabbinic disputes that it is now difficult to ascertain what their original meanings may have been, such as the adjective

12195:; Kapah, E. (2011b), "The Yemenite Commentary of Rabbi Nathan, President of the Academy, on the Identification of Flora in the Mishnah", in Ayelet Oettinger; Danny Bar-Maoz (eds.), 5066:

was an opening built at its base near to the ground so that the influx of air will cause the fire to burn well, in the case of the oven, or allow for a drainage pipe to air out.

5798:, where it lists thirty or so trees that were planted by the First Man in Babylonia; ten of which fruits are eaten whole, ten of which are eaten only in their outer fleshy part ( 408:) outside of the Mishnah, and when it is to be understood as a teaching strictly derived from the Mishnah compiled by Rabbi Judah HaNasi. He then mentions the redaction of the 9675:

By Maimonides' writing that "some of the commentators having explained it as meaning safflower," it is evident that he was uncertain of its identification. Elsewhere (Mishnah

7722:), which is endemic to the Land of Israel and of the same family as colocasia. The Arum is also called "luf" in the Arabic dialect, of which there are several varieties. See: 10269:

Rabbi Nathan ben Abraham's commentary brings down two different explanations, one thought to be his own, and the other by the anonymous copyist. Since the Mishnah mentions

5373:

which, according to him, are of a "pure" Yemeni dialect, are also Arabic words used in Iraq. Simcha Assaf, however, has presumed that the copyist was originally from Egypt.

5351:

1933) presumes that the copyist and redactor lived between the years 1105 CE and 1170 CE, based on the fact that the last of the exegetes mentioned by the copyist is Rabbi

7841:, and which same biblical word is explained by the Greek LXX as being "stacte," a Greek word meaning any gum resin that exudes in drops from certain trees, such as rosin. 10336:

of a native apple whose fruit was round-bellied. Its name, he said, is of Greek origin, having the connotation of κάστρο + μήλο = "town-apple." In any rate, based on the

6727:

Identity uncertain. The Mishnah seems to be referring to the root of such a plant, and which root is not used as livestock fodder, nor for human consumption. In Tosefta

344:, with an abridged first edition being published between the years 1955 and 1958, and the second edition in 1965. Even so, the work has not seen widespread circulation. 11702:= "consisting of three" and which was believed by him to be the three-leaf clover, albeit, with disregard to the early rabbinic tradition on the plant's identification. 10390:, also known as "mandolin pear". Schlossberg, Eliezer (1993), pp. 150–151, commenting on this early commentary of the Mishnah written by Rabbi Isaac ben Melchizedek of 10332:

1:4) explains the same episode by saying that "krustemelo" was a cultivar of "apple" made by grafting the scion of a wild variety of "apple" that had no belly onto the

8152:(c. 1090–1160), was really to be identified as “small, round melons” (Cucumis melo), since Rabbi Yehudah in our Mishnah holds that it is a diverse kind in relation to 6408:

40a) when it speaks of "figs" being the fruit that they were commanded not to eat, insofar that many years ago they used to call bananas by the name of "figs of Eve" (

289: 8342:& Kapah, E. (2011b), p. 19. Such explanation is also found in the Judeo-Arabic lexicon compiled by Rabbi Tanḥum ben Joseph Ha-Yerushalmi (c. 1220–1291), entitled 11232: 10883:, respectively, are permitted to be sown together, since all of them are barley, only that the one is pointed at its two sides, while the other at its four sides." 9836:`." Earlier, in the same tractate, either by the authority of Rabbi Nathan, the President of the Academy, or by the authority of the copyist himself, the same word 10455:(Spanish: albaricoque), also known as the "Armenian apple tree," or what is also called "meshmesh" in Arabic, whereas the plum he describes in a different section. 10312:"krustemelo" onto a native pear, but when told by a certain disciple that it was wrong to do so, they immediately cut down the tree. Upon inquiry of the matter at 14125: 5058:

which projected outside the house would be protected from the elements by virtue of its dome-like structure, while, for the other, because of its plastering. R.

6498:

40b, where it is described as “the very last (late-ripening) grapes on the vine.” The same view is held by the great commentator on the Jerusalem Talmud, Rabbi

5806:) are discarded, and ten of which fruits are eaten only in their inner, fleshy parts, but whose outer husks are discarded. There, it states explicitly that the 14155: 8350:

as meaning "a very precious type of grass used in worship," but adds that some say that it is "a thing mixed with spices, while others explain its meaning as

11613:

The actual procedure of using aromatics to flavor wine, though not described by Nathan ben Abraham, has been laid down in a different ancient work, entitled

9938:) which is also native to the Middle East. It is to be noted, however, that the vast majority of Talmudic exegetes explain the sense of this word as meaning 9954:(1974), proposed that artichoke (Cynara scolymus) was only an Islamic introduction to the Mediterranean regions, but this view has largely been rejected by 11378:

of 512), now in the Austrian National Library in Vienna, shows what appears to be the wild carrot (Daucus gingidium), also known as the Cretan carrot.

12505:

Friedman, Mordechai A. (1990b). "Masa u-matan bayn hakham miteman le-rabbi avraham ben ha-rambam 'al kesef ha-ketubbah ve-'al samkhut ha-masoret",

11386:

very great pains are taken over kitchen-gardens; hence the Greek proverb: 'Syrians have plenty of vegetables.' They sow a vegetable called by some

6412:, vol. 1, p. 48, note 1). According to Feliks, Jehuda (1973:175), "banot-shūaḥ" have a ripening period of three-years. Andrew Watson, in his work 5164:

publishers of Jerusalem published an edition of the commentary, although it too was not an exclusive edition, but incorporated other commentaries.

367:

from the commentaries of Israel's sages." The anonymous copyist is said to have lived between 1105 – 1170 CE, making him a contemporary with Rabbi

12140:; Serri, Yaron (2000–2001). "Compilation from Jonah Ibn Ǧanāḥ's Dictionary of Medical Terms / ליקוטים ממילון שמות הרפואות של ר' יונה אבן ג'נאח". 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 12905: 12853: 12657: 12261: 12220:

Flora of the Bible - A New Investigation Aimed at Identifying All of the Plants of the Bible in Light of Jewish Sources and Scientific Research

7385:; meaning, one cannot separate the husks from the grain , or pound it . It is like unto wheat in terms of its foliage and stalk.” According to 12272:(1933–1934). "Miginzei beit ha-sefarim - A Commentary on the Six Orders of the Mishnah belonging to R. Nathan, the President of the Academy". 5153: 8711:, that is when all other vegetables gathered during that same year must be discarded from the house, under the Seventh Year laws of removal. 7377:(?). The flour produced therefrom is fine, and its spike is fragile; despite which, it produces meager fruit. Some say that the kernels of 356:

commentary of the Mishnah served as the basis for a later recension made by a 12th-century anonymous author and copyist, believed to be of

9427:

are mentioned alongside of rice, millet and sesame, and that all of them are plants that grow in the summer months, which would rule out

12033: 12321:; Käs, Fabian (2016). "Arabic Pharmacognostic Literature and Its Jewish Antecedents: Marwān ibn Ǧanāḥ (Rabbi Jonah), Kitāb al-Talḫīṣ". 10403:

Kapah, E. (2007), p. 106. This second explanation is thought to be that of the anonymous copyist of our manuscript. The explanation of

5480:, holds this to be oats, and Maimonides holds it to be a type of "wild barley," Nathan ben Abraham (1955) called it by its Arabic name 12580:(in Spanish and Arabic). Vol. 1. Translated by Josef Antonio Banqueri. Madrid: Imprenta Real. p. 336 (ch. 7 - article 40). 11558:), and that it is only called "wild cabbage" insofar as the cultivar was less favorable than the leafy variety, especially kale (Ar. 14135: 5203: 12442: 11554:(2015), p. 172. Amar notes that, according to Maimonides' description, he may have been referring to the regular headed cabbage ( 12751:(1955), "Perush Shishah Sidrei Mishnah - A Commentary on the Six Orders of the Mishnah", in Sachs, Mordecai Yehudah Leib (ed.), 11661:

of -oil are put into a jar and allowed to remain there for ten days. Afterwards, when oil has been percolated, take-up and use."

9272:

in the Arabian tongue," were added by a later hand at the end of its description, a plant identified with the Creeping Thistle (

6622:

a cultivar of pear known as "krustemelo" with the native pear, it says nothing about the allowance of other pear cultivars. The

12004: 9083:, not only appear in the Mishnah, but also in the Hebrew Bible, in three places: Isaiah 41:19, I Kings 6:23, and Nehemiah 8:15. 7424:(= vetch). The 15th-century Bible exegete, Sa'id ben David al-Adeni, who wrote one of the earliest commentaries on Maimonides' 6731:

3:12 a teaching states that it is forbidden to maintain this plant in a vineyard, because of the prohibition of diverse kinds.

5178: 5100:, from which a comprehensive study was made of the text by Professor Simcha Assaf who published his findings in the periodical 5089: 14120: 12402: 12185: 12173: 9950: 9476: 6414: 14110: 12861:

Schlossberg, Eliezer (1993). "Arabic Words in the Commentary of R. Yiẕḥaq ben R. Malkiẕedeq of Simponto to Mišna Zěraʿim".

8214:

was called by Maimonides by its idiom, "Syrian radish," it was actually not a radish at all, since it is listed in Mishnah

2582: 30:

This article is about Nathan ben Abraham, President of the Academy. For Nathan ben Jehiel, author of "Sefer ha-Arukh", see

5111:

possesses a partial copy of Nathan ben Abraham's Judeo-Arabic commentary of the Mishnah (with only the Mishnaic Orders of

13509: 13344: 12372: 8703:

82a). According to this explanation, when women who wear such outfits cease to be seen harvesting wild vegetables in the

5923:(2015), pp. 44–45. Amar (ibid.) thinks that the original Judeo-Arabic word may have been related, etymologically, to the 12413:

Catalogue of Fragments of Halakhah and Midrash from the Cairo Genizah in the E.N. Adler Collection of the Library of JTS

7381:

are joined together two by two; they are not separated one from the other until they are pounded in a mortar, being the

5004:; aubergines), to take the place of Hebrew words long forgotten, but what Nathan ben Abraham understood as being called 12998: 12362: 10394:(c. 1090–1160), wrote that "krustemelo" was "an exquisite type of pear which was customary to graft onto a local pear." 10387: 10107:(2015), pp. 143–144. At least sixteen species of Convolvulus are known to grow in Israel, one of the more common being 5241: 547:, in the Arabic tongue, , he that grafts a tree upon a tree." The reference here is to Nathan's commentary in Tractate 17: 8413:), thought that this produce was none other than "highly-valued dates" from the date-palm tree. See Jerusalem Talmud ( 4962:. In many cases, Arabic names are used to identify plants. Most Hebrew speakers will call the frothy relish made from 12127: 8483: 9944: 14140: 13737: 8052:. "It is for this reason," says the narrator of the Talmud, "that they call it (i.e. the fruit) by its Greek name, 3063:“a plant whose leaves consist of many thorns... eaten either raw or cooked ...called by the Spaniards 'thistle'...” 12966: 10316:, they learnt that it was not necessary to cut it down, since "krustemelo" was accounted as another kind of pear. 8691:, to be a kind of wild vegetable, Rabbi Nathan ben Abraham digresses and explains the sense as meaning the outfit 8072:), was thought to be a cross-breed between a watermelon and an apple. Maimonides, however, calls "melephephon" in 3192:“herbs with which one fulfills his obligation at Passover, and which sprout around the date-palm tree, and Rabbi 13742: 11082:) and which were mostly endemic to the American continent. David ben Yeshaʿ Halevi, in his 15th-century lexicon, 12477:

Friedman, Mordechai A. (1990a). "Responsa of R. Abraham Maimonides from the Cairo Geniza a Preliminary Review".

5572:

Epstein (1945), pp. 77–82 thinks that the work here cited in the name of Rabbi Hai Gaon was actually written by

14145: 13880: 13726: 13564: 13559: 13599: 13494: 13350: 13137: 12887: 10702:

The sense here is to Christ's thorn (Jujube), not to be confused with another species, called simply Jujube (

8643: 8509: 5995: 12812:(2018), "Yemenite Jewry's Connections with Major Jewish Centers", in Yedid, Rachel; Bar-Maoz, Danny (eds.), 12281: 12269: 5421: 5344: 5233: 4794:

Occasionally, Nathan ben Abraham relates to the practical usages of plants in the Land of Israel and in the

14130: 14084: 13997: 13696: 13489: 13455: 11325: 7281:= (Modern Greek: βλίτα), (Amaranthus blitum var. silvestre). Today, the name is also applied to Goosefoot ( 6618:

According to this opinion, "ḥuzrad" is another cultivar of pear. While the Mishnah in Kila'im 1:4 mentions

2554: 379:. He is the first to introduce the work as being a commentary of the Mishnah, written by "Rabbeinu Nathan, 6561:, which produces a black grape with a sour taste, with which the homonymous red or rosé wines are obtained 14115: 13960: 13604: 13406: 13356: 13224: 13143: 11576: 8252:) have similar leaves, for which reason they are not considered diverse-kinds with respect to each other. 5709:), vol. 1, chapter 7, article 42, like Maimonides, explains that plums were called in Arabic by the name 5460:& Kapah, E. (2011b), p. 13 (note 24), who brings down the classic example of one of the five grains, 12597: 11670:

The actual process of imparting flavor to sesame seeds is not described by Nathan ben Abraham. However,

9685:

was the Hebrew word for "safflower". There seems to have been great confusion concerning this one word.

14150: 13860: 13752: 13629: 13574: 13338: 12017: 11555: 5097: 4757: 2145: 845: 333:

Palestinian-Jewish tradition on the meanings of difficult words. The treatise also sheds light on the

322:

Rabbi Nathan's work is one of the first known commentaries of the Mishnah, ranking with that of Rabbi

13992: 13982: 13976: 13919: 13870: 13609: 12071: 11776: 11624: 11615: 9677: 9447:

means "a type of millet" (cf. Payne-Smith, Syriac Lexicon, p. 457), and since the growing season for

8049: 6154:

and to be discarded thereafter are permitted (i.e. without the necessity of separating therefrom the

5747:: albaricoque), also known as the "Armenian apple tree," or what is also called "meshmesh" in Arabic. 5560: 4603: 4560: 12971: 10164:

is a generic word for many different climbing vine-like plants, which would include the common ivy (

10091:

is a generic word for many different climbing vine-like plants, which would include the common ivy (

14069: 14059: 13579: 13477: 13401: 13396: 13049: 12801: 12767: 11671: 9621:(2015), p. 134, and which Amar suggests could have been one of many herbal wicks, such as mullein ( 8197:, which vegetable has roots similar to those of carrots (See next two entries under Maimonides and 7675:

which are dried and used as a spice. The kind of saffron which is endemic to the Land of Israel is

7084:(2011b), pp. 14–15, thinks that there may have been a copyist error here, where instead of writing 2380: 12561: 12554: 11366:) and bear similar foliage, which may have added to the confusion. A sixth-century drawing of the 11153: 10962: 10740: 9740: 9561: 9530: 9359: 9255: 9057: 8931: 8837: 8807: 8720: 8608: 8375: 8091:) – far from being anything related to apples and watermelons. On the etymology of this word, see 7979: 7937: 7762: 7214:. Rabbinic literature brings down conflicting opinions as to the identification of this one herb. 6847: 6664: 6472: 6290: 6285: 6246: 6124: 13987: 13925: 13817: 13762: 13708: 13652: 12833:

Ohel Dawid - Descriptive Catalogue of the Hebrew and Samaritan Manuscripts in the Sassoon Library

11962: 8322:, which means artichoke, whose cultivated species (Cynara scolymus) is now allotted to people as 8148:= cucumber (Cucumis sativus), which, in the opinion of an early Mishnaic exegete, Rabbi Isaac of 5394:

Nathan ben Abraham (1955), vol. 1, p. 13 (end of introduction), appended at the end of the book.

5319: 5096:

1492. One of the three remaining copies, copied in 1930 by Qafih's grandson, was acquired by the

3184: 2037: 7318:

9:1 refers specifically to "wild asparagus" (Asparagus aphyllus), endemic to the Land of Israel.

13797: 13792: 13767: 13376: 13247: 12991: 11908: 10686: 9956:

Decker, Michael (2009). "Plants and Progress: Rethinking the Islamic Agricultural Revolution".

9934: 9110: 7718:

According to Amar, most scholars today hold that the "luf" of the Mishnah also refers to Arum (

7237: 7001:), and which word in Arabic applies to various species of clover. See: Kapah, E. (2007), p. 48. 5794: 5322:

that has reprinted sections of the invaluable work, namely, the entire Mishnaic Order known as

4138: 3711: 11348:, or something similar), and rejected the opinion of Aṣṭifan ben Basil who said that the word 9423:, which would mean that the "peragin" are a summer crop, rather than a winter crop. Moreover, 9238:(vol. 3), Chapter 48, Jerusalem 1999, p. 172, also brings down the Spanish name for the plant 8592:), although not conclusive. In addition, Ben Melchizedek wrote that others suggest that it is 5050:) explains the word as meaning "plastered," (such as with gypsum and which repels water), but 14012: 14007: 13126: 13054: 13029: 12828: 12298: 12054: 11727: 11640: 10993: 10383: 9226: 8739: 8663: 8569: 6095: 6023: 6015: 5990: 5642: 5127: 4644: 3095: 3076: 1923: 12706:

The Identification of the Mishna Plants According to Rabbi Nathan's Commentary of the Mishna

12672:(in Hebrew). Vol. 3 (chapter 56). Jerusalem: Bet ha-midrash la-halakhah ba-hityashvut. 12513: 11961:

we found hand-written pages from the Babylonian Talmud, and also fragments from Maimonides'

11284:

Although an edible herb, the Arabic word used here is largely unidentified. The Arabic word

5484:(Fox's spike). Another one of the five grains whose leaven is prohibited at Passover is the 13966: 13684: 13624: 12771: 12519: 11375: 10812: 10109: 9788: 7749: 6060:. The Vatican MS. of a late 13th-century, early 14th-century copy of the Jerusalem Talmud ( 3587: 2641: 1769: 475: 9196:(2015), p. 122, who writes that this plant is Hart's tongue, having the taxonomic name of 6575:

1:5 comes to warn about the "Egyptian gourd" being a diverse kind with the Grecian gourd (

5810:

was among the fruit eaten whole; hence: "pear" as explained by most commentators. Had the

8: 14089: 13895: 13845: 13827: 13802: 13757: 13425: 13371: 13366: 13326: 13280: 12936:

Witztum, Allan (1992). "Hebrew, Aramaic and Arabic Names for Plants in the Mint Family".

12709: 12690:

Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature

12446: 12200: 11357: 9031:." It is a wild, edible thorn that is still widely eaten in Palestine (aka Israel) today. 8398: 7472:(2015), p. 96. According to Amar (ibid.), Maimonides' intention here is either to Emmer ( 7399: 5944: 5517: 5173: 4908: 4880: 4800: 4357: 3911: 2959: 2936: 2269: 2248: 479: 13594: 13539: 6751:, in some dialects of Arabic, refers to the leaves of a plant that are said to resemble 5412:

Such is the conclusion reached by a host of scholars, as mentioned by Zohar Amar (2011).

273:, to attend to his family inheritance, and while there he studied under the illustrious 14079: 14049: 14043: 13747: 13702: 13690: 13634: 13554: 13465: 13460: 13332: 13088: 12941: 12913: 12866: 12651: 12494: 12430: 12346: 12338: 12255: 12166:

Five Types of Grain: Historical, Halachic, and Conceptual Aspects (Ḥameshet Mine Dagan)

12149: 11675: 11483: 11418: 10949: 10847: 10666: 9965: 9432: 9280: 9024: 8906: 8766: 8704: 7925: 7753:, but in his later writings he simply wrote that it was "one of the species of onions." 7495: 7289: 7232: 6643:), it is permissible and does not come under the biblical prohibition of diverse kinds. 6577: 6528: 5273: 4993: 4936:) by the name "sha'am," although in Rabbi Nathan's day it had the meaning of "bamboo." 4256: 3693: 3500: 3396: 2418: 2399: 2007: 1517: 1498: 1348: 1253: 1011: 983: 531:

An early reference to Nathan ben Abraham's Mishnah commentary is brought down by Rabbi

277:, one of the greatest Jewish scholars of the time. During this time he would travel to 13589: 12773:

A compendious Syriac Dictionary: founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith

12342: 11698:, Jerusalem 1917, p. 20), who presumably based his identification on the Hebrew root, 10689:), saying that "although they are like each other, they are considered diverse kinds ( 10464:

Maimonides explains that in the colloquial Arabic of his time the same fruit known as

9451:

in the Genizah manuscript is given at six-months, it would eliminate ordinary millet (

7235:), to be distinguished from the cultivated variety, Amaranthus blitum var. silvestre. 463: 14054: 14017: 14002: 13948: 13890: 13777: 13657: 13614: 13524: 13504: 13435: 13391: 13303: 13241: 13212: 13153: 13148: 13094: 13039: 13034: 12984: 12925: 12899: 12847: 12836: 12817: 12781: 12756: 12736: 12732: 12693: 12673: 12623: 12603: 12581: 12545: 12458: 12454: 12398: 12378: 12368: 12350: 12306: 12243: 12223: 12204: 12181: 12169: 12123: 12119: 12099: 11912: 11904: 11812: 11293: 10900: 9690: 9452: 8966: 8545: 8463: 7474: 7277:'s “Tafsīr Kitāb Diāsqūrīdūs”, who writes that the Greek term for this same herb is 6739:(Jerusalem 2005, p. 43, note 47), writes in the name of 'Aissa, p. 89, that the name 6491: 6172: 6056:, end of chapter 5), which, in the Leiden MS. of the Jerusalem Talmud, is written as 5776:, the name of this fruit tree had changed in meaning over the years. In the Maghreb, 5728: 5671: 5521: 5440: 4638: 4315: 3750: 3196:

explained as meaning `a very thick plant, having that which resembles needle points`”

2698: 2472: 1951: 1911: 1900: 1730: 1717: 1591: 1573: 459: 409: 372: 248: 120: 95: 31: 11007:. The word "shoshannah" having the meaning of the Greek word κρίνου, meaning "lily." 9439:

grow in the winter months. Moreover, he notes that in the Syriac language, the word

6540:

1:1). The same view is held by the great commentator on the Jerusalem Talmud, Rabbi

5665:) at the end, but when people ceased to distinguish between the stressed consonant ( 13971: 13913: 13807: 13732: 13714: 13672: 13663: 13569: 13544: 13514: 13483: 13471: 13450: 13361: 13298: 13265: 13259: 13206: 13163: 13132: 13106: 13083: 13044: 12921: 12665: 12593: 12571: 12486: 12397:. Vol. 2 (Agriculture). Translated by Robert Schick. Ramallah: Dar Al Nasher. 12330: 11891: 11883: 11879: 11824: 11572: 11392: 11301: 10440: 10350: 10321: 10290: 9231: 9123: 8650:(σισύμριον): "...there can be no doubt that it was a species of mint, probably the 8488: 8415: 8410: 8129: 8040: 7909: 7719: 7246: 7157:

was one of the legumes, similar to Lathyrus; cf. Maimonides' commentary on Mishnah

6765: 6623: 6533: 6049: 6002:(σισύμριον): "...there can be no doubt that it was a species of mint, probably the 5969: 5782: 5744: 5724: 5694: 5685:), it has caused the interchanging of these consonantal sounds one with the other." 5616: 4902: 4468: 3978: 3329: 3279: 3138: 3123: 3012: 2991: 2827: 2663: 2625: 2459: 2255: 2020: 1825: 1781: 1702: 1692: 1682: 1561: 1307: 1148: 918: 734: 721: 646: 532: 514: 490:("the Compendium") is cited four times, composed by a certain R. David b. Saadiah. 396: 12878:

Schlossberg, Eliezer (2005). "On Maimonides' Commentary on the Tractate Shabbat".

12367:. Vol. I/2. Translated by Nadia Abdulhadi Sukhtian. Ramallah: Dar Al Nasher. 12076:

The Hebrew-Arabic Dictionary of the Bible, Known as 'Kitāb Jāmiʿ al-Alfāẓ' (Agron)

9964:(2). University of Hawai'i Press on behalf of World History Association: 201–202. 14038: 14033: 13954: 13885: 13875: 13865: 13855: 13822: 13787: 13782: 13678: 13584: 13549: 13529: 13499: 13386: 13275: 13253: 13173: 13116: 13111: 12793: 12777: 12635: 12575: 11971: 11780: 11623:

is made of fresh violets, etc." (Apicius, Book I - The Careful Experienced Cook,

11440: 11379: 10703: 10678: 10317: 10172: 10099: 9995: 9776: 9648: 9597: 9457: 9377:

Thus explained by Rabbi Hai Gaon in his commentary on Mishnah Uktzin, chapter 1:2

9274: 8971: 8897: 8743: 8696: 8680: 8627: 8589: 8565: 8406: 8402: 8307: 8125: 8088: 7998: 7905: 7880: 7747:

According to Amar, in Maimonides' earlier writings he identified this plant with

7677: 7672: 7480: 7357: 7283: 7242: 7228: 6789: 6558: 6541: 6499: 5965: 4950: 4719: 4388: 4109: 4094: 3795: 3604: 3474: 3461: 3448: 3435: 3371: 3068: 2878: 2775: 2757: 2515: 2312: 2071: 1207: 1194: 1160: 1099: 943: 905: 424:), and names the great exegetes that followed this period, namely: the author of 357: 218: 12197:

Mittuv Yosef – Yosef Tobi Jubilee Volume, The Jews of Yemen: History and Culture

8505: 13230: 13201: 13168: 12960: 12685: 12540:(1921–1924), "Hai Gaon's Commentary on Seder Taharot", in Epstein, J.N. (ed.), 12016:

A Judeo-Arabic copy of the original; three microfilm copies can be seen at the

11743: 11383: 11121: 10662: 9913: 9772: 9592: 8493: 8475: 8232: 8194: 7826: 7810: 6375: 5573: 5546: 5355:(1013–1103), while not mentioning at all in his work the explanations given by 5147:

The earliest modern-day printing of Rabbi Nathan's work came in 1955, when the

5108: 4795: 4429: 4350: 4269: 4203: 3927: 3225: 2965: 2718: 2569: 2197: 1640: 1393: 696: 561:

Rabbi Nathan's method of elucidating Hebrew words is mostly similar to that of

251:. He was the author of the first known commentary covering the entire Mishnah. 228: 12821: 12382: 11086:(ed. Shalom Gamliel, Jerusalem 1988), explains Maimonides' use of the legume 6378:'s Dictionary, this is an Aramaic word meaning "an alkali used for cleansing." 5610:) is now commonly used to describe a "pear tree." In Yemen, however, the word 5476:

10:7, whose leaven is prohibited during Passover. While the Talmudic exegete,

14104: 13850: 13534: 13270: 13235: 13218: 13158: 13100: 12938:

Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects

12929: 12863:

Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects

12785: 12760: 12740: 12697: 12627: 12615: 12607: 12585: 12390: 12358: 12318: 12310: 12247: 12227: 12208: 12142:

Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects

12103: 11842: 11620: 11487: 11329: 10915:), oats. Maimonides and Nathan ben Abraham, disputing Rashi's view, say that 10852: 10841:

Literal translation of the Arabic. Possibly what the Bedouins in Israel call

10798: 10596: 10535: 9420: 9306: 9205: 9114:), based on an earlier Greek translation of one of the Apocryphal books, but 9045: 9004: 8976: 8760:(2013:350) notes that an edible wild thistle, known to the Arabs by the name 8757: 8747: 8659: 8249: 8096: 8092: 7386: 7274: 6061: 6011: 4932: 4906:) is now used in modern colloquial Hebrew to denote the broadleaf wild leek ( 4847: 4841: 4826:) were placed in flagons of wine to impart their flavor, while rose florets ( 4814: 4706: 4416: 4186: 4003: 3383: 2886: 2860: 2405: 2106: 1963: 1245: 1071: 836: 659: 619: 328: 303: 244: 116: 112: 91: 87: 12840: 12677: 12549: 12462: 12419:

Epstein, J.N. (1945). "The Supplement to the Gaonic Commentary to Taharot".

12203:(Center for the Study of Jewish Culture in Spain and in Islamic Countries), 11120:

Nathan ben Abraham (1955) brings down its variant spelling, "shegamin"; cf.

10715:

Nathan ben Abraham (1955), s.v. Demai 1:1, which is another Arabic word for

7821:

8a which alludes to all the named products being fruits of trees, excepting

13930: 13772: 13720: 13440: 13381: 13178: 13078: 13023: 13015: 12334: 12083: 11916: 11764: 11654: 11362: 10354: 10166: 10093: 9579:

Literally: "desert wick," and which is explained in the Babylonian Talmud (

9411: 8708: 8069: 7609: 7493:

The sense here is to the resinous pitch which exudes from the Storax tree (

6305:(the word כנגר is corrected to read בנגר), British Library (Add MS 26881). 5924: 5603: 5513: 5352: 5288:(3rd edition), vol. 12, Jerusalem 1974, p. 858 (s.v. Nathan ben Abraham I). 5131: 5055: 5054:

explained the same word as meaning "dome-shaped." For one, the mouth of an

4819: 4805: 3573: 2500: 2446: 1632: 1615: 1288: 483: 450: 441: 433: 417: 400: 388: 368: 353: 12800:. Vol. VI: Books 20-23. Translated by W. H. S. Jones. Cambridge, MA: 11296:), but it is thought to have been a generic word for tares or weeds. See: 10345:), says that this fruit tree was called in the Land of Israel by the name 493:

Three of the author's more extensive commentaries exist for the tractates

13619: 13315: 13196: 13121: 12809: 12728: 12639: 12087: 11966: 11933: 11837: 11768: 11449: 11341: 11321: 10612:, s.v. כשות (although here corrected from the copyist's error, who wrote 10412: 9213: 9101: 8770:(Spotted golden thistle), grows in Palestine and was sometimes eaten raw. 7515: 7413: 7355:(2011a), pp. 45–48. According to Amar, the word may also apply to Spelt ( 7178: 6998: 5735:

39a), where he uses the same description to describe the Damascene plum (

5621: 5382: 5369: 5075: 4851: 4783: 3845: 467: 341: 298: 180: 53: 12945: 12870: 12434: 12153: 10369:, and that it is only to be found in the land of Canaan, rather than in 9969: 8675:

Being a play on words. Where most commentators acknowledge the sense of

8031:

Kapah, E. (2007), p. 74. The Hebrew word used here is a Greek loanword,

5504:) and which word, according to Amar, is synonymous with the Arabic word 14064: 13812: 13309: 13073: 12717: 12526: 12498: 12421: 12415:: the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, New York 1998, p. 47 12235: 12215: 12192: 12161: 12137: 12111: 11796: 11731: 11719: 11588: 11551: 11499: 11297: 11069: 11032: 10944: 10774: 10579: 10567: 10555: 10522: 10424: 10416: 10177: 10157: 10104: 10032: 9804: 9618: 9386: 9293: 9193: 9115: 8421: 8339: 8237: 8227: 8137: 8103:

is now used to denote "cucumbers," based on Maimonides' identification.

7955: 7723: 7469: 7352: 7270: 7206:

The Mishnah specifically speaks about ירבוזין השוטין, literally, "wild

7170: 7150: 7081: 7069:

The species of safflower which is most common in the Land of Israel is

6732: 6523: 6511: 6432: 6431:

as "a kind of white figs who produce fruit once in every three years" (

6107: 6048:

8:1. Rabbi Hai Gaon's explanation follows the explanation given in the

5920: 5908: 5625: 5457: 5356: 5306: 5051: 4945: 3251: 3238: 1699: 562: 421: 12814:

Ascending the Palm Tree – An Anthology of the Yemenite Jewish Heritage

11886:, the word was used for a weaver's stave; derived from the Greek word 5649:(c. 1090–1160), one of the earliest commentators on the Mishnah (only 13321: 13188: 12542:

The Geonic Commentary on Seder Taharot - Attributed to Rabbi Hai Gaon

11941: 11628: 11078: 10855:(2020), p. 300 who names the same specie of wild barley. In tractate 10432: 10370: 10333: 10305: 9623: 7362: 7210:," to distinguish from the cultivated variety. In any case, both are 6632: 6019: 5940: 5939:

was used in the Middle-Ages to describe various plants of the family

5788: 5769: 5698: 5079: 5001: 4963: 4923: 4914: 4871: 4302: 3761: 3642: 3585:, some of the commentators having explained it as meaning safflower ( 2760: 2669: 2594: 2288: 1689: 1679: 334: 12753:

The Six Orders of the Mishnah: with the Commentaries of the Rishonim

12490: 11674:(10th century) describes the process with respect to the florets of 9898:, explains, at the end of chapter 'He that brings flagons of wine' ( 7088:, the word for Safflower in the Yemenite dialect, the copyist wrote 5814:

been a plum, as Maimonides alleges, it would have been named in the

5719:], adding that this fruit was also known by them under the name 5641:

Schlossberg, Eliezer (1993), p. 148, brings down the words of Rabbi

5240:(3rd edition), vol. 12, Jerusalem 1974, s.v. Nathan Ben Abraham II; 1236:“vine plantings; grapes that are unfit for being made into raisins” 843:“the water in which any vegetable has been boiled, especially Kale ( 383:" (the President of the Academy), whom he calls "the son of Abraham 13290: 13007: 12602:(in French). Translated by J.-J. Clement-Mullet. Paris: A. Franck. 12537: 11911:" used as an accessory to a candlestick that hung from a wall. Cf. 11832: 11645: 11523: 11268: 11171: 10931: 10824: 10822: 10633: 10485: 10198: 10126: 9908: 9097: 8949: 8286: 7871:

Nathan ben Abraham (1955), elsewhere in his seminal work, explains

7783: 7702: 7514:

It is to be noted that Maimonides' view here mirrors that of Rabbi

7190: 7113: 6994: 6905: 6864: 6780:)?" To which question, the answer was given: "They are the eggs of 6711: 6619: 6367: 6264: 6139: 6039: 5832: 5803: 5799: 5059: 4893: 4863: 4850:

nomenclature, some of the plant identifications have changed since

4376: 3664: 3641:, very popular among the physicians, and which is a herb among the 3582: 3193: 3144: 2944: 2129: 1877: 1850: 1486: 876: 859: 566: 455: 413: 405: 323: 274: 270: 12471:

Ha-mishnah be-teman, kettuv-yad miperush rav nathan av ha-yeshivah

8654:, as Anguillara contends. The other species is unquestionably the 6006:, as Anguillara contends. The other species is unquestionably the 4944:) is now used in Modern Hebrew as a generic word for all kinds of 292:

of Jerusalem between the years 1038 and 1051 over the position of

13905: 13837: 13644: 13445: 12722: 12286:

Tequfat ha-Geonim we-Sifrutah (The Geonic Era and its Literature)

11712: 11691:

may be clover (Trifolium) seems to have been Ephraim Rubinovich (

10997: 10595:

On this plant and its description, as well as sowing season, see

10452: 10428: 10391: 10365:) that it is a "pear" and that it also bears the colloquial name 10337: 10309: 10298: 9629: 8190: 8149: 8073: 7830: 7501: 6143: 6078: 5858: 5786:) . This view, however, stands in direct contradiction to an old 5773: 5740: 5646: 5326:(Seeds), the commentary is relatively unknown among the Yeshivas. 5084: 4889: 3660: 637: 518: 311: 236: 232: 131: 12305:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Makhon ha-Talmud ha-Yisraeli ha-Shalem. 10859:, either Nathan ben Abraham or the anonymous copyist explains: " 10819: 9419:

2:7) clearly states that "peragin" are able to take root before

340:

The entire work was rendered into a Hebrew translation by Rabbi

13416: 12570: 12093: 11867: 10661:

1:4 mentions different pairs of trees, such as the peach tree (

10152: 10083: 10003: 9711: 9639: 8593: 8186: 7314:

The intent here is to the cultivated variety, although Mishnah

7035:

Cites Hebrew sources, without explaining what the vegetable is.

6752: 6744: 6636: 6167:

The original source is now unknown, but cited by the author of

6044: 5736: 5677: 5034: 5021: 4976: 4832:) were used to impart flavor to olive oil and to sesame seeds. 4768: 4579: 4075: 3879: 3495: 2342: 2276: 2184: 1525: 1506: 1449: 1019: 951: 788: 772: 684: 667: 362: 282: 278: 198: 12485:. American Academy for Jewish Research, Ann Arbor, MI: 29–49. 11356:("the king's herb"), in Arabic, or what is known as fumitory ( 9902:

34a), that it has been cited: "...but they make palatable the

2943:“that which is similar to radish, but there are those who say 13940: 13667: 13519: 13430: 13064: 12116:

Agricultural Produce in the Land of Israel in the Middle Ages

12078:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1–2. New Haven: Yale University Press. 11333: 10925: 10896: 10892: 10408: 10313: 10238: 9686: 8752: 8541: 7876: 7653: 7584:‎), invariably giving a different meaning to the word. 7215: 6155: 5477: 4689: 4370: 3966: 2903: 2651: 2605:

in the language employed by the rabbis; these are elongated"

2387: 2352: 1335: 549: 240: 41: 11965:, from Mishnah commentaries, from the commentaries of Rabbi 11399: 11238: 11135: 11051: 10780: 9847: 9637:(Bar-Ilan University, 2003, pp. 54–55), that certain of the 9512: 9341: 9312: 9264:, British Library (Add MS 26881). In the printed edition of 9208:(1989), chapter 3, section 129 (p. 258), who identifies the 8756:

and its explanation of this Hebrew word. German orientalist

8357: 7844: 7684: 7671:

The sense here is to the flower from which is extracted the

6490:

Rabbi Nathan's description of this word follows that of the

3494:“that which resembles wool between the wood and bark of the 12976: 11987:

it was again missing perhaps one page, as also in Tractate

11895: 11421:, an edible plant eaten either raw or cooked, and known as 11417:

Although inconclusive, the reference here may have been to

11072:(2015), p. 160. Amar notes that in Modern Hebrew, the word 10134: 9659: 9657: 9278:), and other related thistles, such as the Silver Thistle ( 8987: 8985: 8662:(1989), p. 186, wrote that this plant was the water-cress ( 8524: 8522: 7600:

Cites Hebrew sources, without explaining what the fruit is.

7051: 6822:

The reference here probably to the yellow inflorescence of

6454: 6014:(1989), p. 186, wrote that this plant was the water-cress ( 5943:. In some Arabic dictionaries, the name is applied to wild 4828: 1241: 12865:(in Hebrew). The Academy of the Hebrew Language: 147–155. 12599:

Le livre de l'agriculture d'Ibn-al-Awam (kitab-al-felahah)

11360:). In any rate, chervil and wild carrots are both umbels ( 9771:

Identity uncertain. Thought by many to refer to a kind of

7361:). Amar (ibid.) brings down a description of the grain in 6964:

Cites Hebrew source, without explaining what the plant is.

5886:

Cites Hebrew sources, without explaining what the herb is.

5520:). It is to be noted that Rashi, in his commentary on the 10125:

is a provincial Arabic name given for a plant similar to

6948: 6946: 6829: 6203: 5750: 5715: 10974: 10722: 10035:(2015), pp. 144–145, who explains the Judeo-Arabic word 9976: 9807:

thinks that Maimonides may have been referring to thyme.

9654: 9633:

ssp.). Elsewhere, Zohar Amar and Avivit Shwiky write in

9483: 9392: 8982: 8913: 8819: 8786: 8519: 8268: 8106: 8001:'s identification of this word in the Jerusalem Talmud, 7961: 7916:

1:3) explains that Maimonides understood the meaning of

7886: 7729: 6737:

Rabbi Yosef Kafiḥ's Notebook on the Plants of the Mishna

6532:), being the identification given for this plant in the 4878:(formerly "lettuce") is now used to denote horseradish ( 4798:, writing, for example, that either Judas tree florets ( 12963:, translated into Hebrew from the original Judeo-Arabic 12479:

Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research

10411:, where it had the connotation of "apricot." See Rabbi 10281:

is largely recognized as being a pear, it follows that

8556:, where he explains this herb as meaning in Old French 7550: 7296: 5492:), which Nathan ben Abraham (1955) explains in Mishnah 11894:(beater) used in the weaver's loom for packing of the 10899:'s explanation of this grain in his commentary of the 9689:

gives two different explanations for the word: In the

9268:, published in Venice in year 1531, the words, "being 7499:); not to be confused with the modern-Arabic word for 7389:(1989), pp. 174–175 (item no. 75), the grain known as 7095: 7004: 6943: 6887: 6693: 6646: 6584: 6329: 6228: 5868: 5772:

analysis, Maimonides informs his readers that, in the

4854:. For example, the Modern Hebrew word for cucumber is 3515:“a woollen that appears in one of the herbal species” 2506:“one of the kinds of watermelon whose smell is sweet” 1489:

whose leaves are large and whose stalk is long, being

264:, a contemporary of Rabbi Abiathar, who served in the 231:(died ca. 1045 – 1051), was an 11th-century rabbi and 11815:), and which word is not to be associated with other 9928:

and its preparation before eating. The sense here of

9130:

2:3), where it says that the tree is the same as the

8056:. The old Greek word for "melon" was actually μήλο = 2954:“a potherb, similar to radish; Dragon (?) pepperwort” 10289:= "wild Syrian pear." This view is supported by the 10277:

as not being heterogeneous to each other, and since

8470:

128a) as having the connotation of the Aramaic word

8064:

melon, meaning literally "apple-shaped melon" (see:

6427:

In yet another place, Maimonides explains the fruit

6134:, British Library (Add MS 26881). The author of the 6064:) , however, writes in the margin for the same word 4948:, when formerly it was used strictly for chickpeas ( 11983:, it was missing perhaps one page, and in Tractate 10947:(2011a), p. 62 (note 184); 113–116, believed to be 10386:(1975), p. 79, the fruit which is here intended is 9932:(aubergine) may have been to the "wild aubergine" ( 9465:

does, however, have a growing season of six months.

8164:, explained by Maimonides as having the meaning of 6150:whose stripped edges were taken up to make thereof 3994:) which are commonly known among us under the name 12747: 12098:(in Hebrew). ha-Agudah le-Hatzalat Ginzei Teiman. 8695:worn by women, and which was enacted by decree of 6526:thinks that the sense here is to Florence fennel ( 5126:Among the manuscripts and incunabula collected by 5074:The manuscript was retrieved in ca. 1927 by Rabbi 4958:in Modern Hebrew, but which formerly was known as 12972:Rabbi Nathan's Mishnah Commentary (in PDF format) 12592: 11878:13:4, is another disputed term. According to R. 10770: 10768: 9410:The author's opinion here is supported also by a 7369:(Cairo 1901), the translation of which follows: “ 5078:, from the place used by the Jewish community in 14102: 12664: 12441: 12148:(3/4). Academy of the Hebrew Language: 279–291. 11775:, a translation of the Pentateuch, Exo. 12:22); 9816:The anonymous copyist writes in this case: "The 9783:) and the Arabic word used in Israel/Palestine ( 9461:whose growing seasons are merely at two months. 9134:, a Greek loan-word said to have the meaning of 879:) which were steeped in wine and called by them 862:) which were steeped in wine and called by them 12792: 12716: 12544:(in Hebrew), vol. 1–2, Berlin: Itzkowski, 12531:Eretz yisrael bit'kufah ha-muslamit ha-rishonah 12297: 11819:that often bear an additional epithet, such as 11803:14:6; and Nathan ben Abraham (1955) in Mishnah 11231:Can actually be one of many known species. See 10087:). Zohar Amar has written that the Arabic word 8604: 8602: 8193:), he may have actually been referring here to 8128:(1485–1554), mentions in his commentary on the 6326:“a generic term for several kinds of saltwort” 6138:brings down this teaching in the name of Rabbi 5220: 5218: 5199:List of native plants of Flora Palaestina (P-Z) 5194:List of native plants of Flora Palaestina (E-O) 5189:List of native plants of Flora Palaestina (C-D) 5184:List of native plants of Flora Palaestina (A-B) 4912:). Modern botanists in Israel now call Clover ( 3923:Syrian leeks (Allium ampeloprasum var. kurrat) 2818:“an unidentified vegetable known to that place” 14126:11th-century people from the Fatimid Caliphate 12303:Mishnah Zera'im, with the Commentary of Ribmaṣ 12136: 11845:), Oxford University Press: Oxford 1977, s.v. 11767:translation of the word in the works of Rabbi 10765: 10439:had a different connotation and meant "plum". 10357:commentary on the fruits mentioned in Mishnah 9220:(Book 3, § 121) with what is called in Arabic 8433: 8431: 7779: 7777: 7596: 7594: 7576:‎) seems to have been interchanged with 7261:to mean "wild asparagus" (Asparagus aphyllus). 5550:), a grain crop that is not endemic to Israel. 4974:, is now popularly called by its Arabic name, 4764:“a wild cabbage (kale) whose stalks are thin” 1447:"egg-shaped seeds that issue from the fennel ( 14156:Manuscripts of the National Library of Israel 12992: 12614: 12536: 8326:, while its wild variety (Cynara syriaca) as 8240:(2015), p. 113). One is to bear in mind that 8177:Although Rabbi Nathan ben Abraham identifies 7904:It is worthy of noting that Talmudic exegete 7365:'s 11th century Arabic classical vocabulary, 7031: 7029: 6410:A Commentary of the Six Orders of the Mishnah 6026:, who brings down a description of the plant 5828: 5826: 5824: 5156:in Jerusalem published the Mishnaic order of 4858:(a word formerly used for "melon"). The word 12622:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dar Algharb Al'Islami. 12070: 11482:On this plant and its season of planting in 10361:, chapter 1, says of the "krustemelo" (Heb. 9015:3:2 that "the Hebrew name points to Arabic 8880:In some texts, there is a variant spelling, 8599: 7428:, has cautioned his readers about confusing 6146:(Demai 4:5) which states: "Rabbi Jose says: 5512:) - i.e. either one of the cultivated oats ( 5215: 5082:to bury old and worn-out sacred literature ( 806:“a tree whose name in the Gallian tongue is 12877: 12860: 12766: 11907:, thought the same word to mean a "pair of 11903:to mean "nail," while his disputant, Rabbi 8428: 7774: 7591: 7153:(2015), pp. 91–92; 128. Amar explains that 4057:Egyptian cucumber (Cucumis melo var. chate) 2756:(a generic word for aromatic plants of the 1264:; what appears at the end of the harvest” 635:are commonly known among us under the name 12999: 12985: 12961:Rabbi Nathan's Mishnah Commentary (online) 12904:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12852:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12727:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1–3. Translated by 12692:, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 12656:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12268: 12260:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12191: 8512:, writes that the word has the meaning of 7057: 7026: 6985:Modern Arab lexicographers have explained 5821: 3545:“herbal leaves that can be twined and lit” 1622:(lit. "the Mustard of the Land of Israel") 52: 12918:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 12892:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities 12634: 12476: 12473:, Assufot (Year Book), , pp. 161–167 11591:& Serri (2000–2001), p. 285 (note 47) 11444:(c. 1579–1654) thought this word to mean 9583:20b) as having the meaning in Aramaic of 8803: 8801: 8764:, and which in modern taxonomy is called 8572:, likewise, in his commentary on Mishnah 8066:Random House Webster's College Dictionary 7883:, thinks that this may have been spinach. 6993:as being of the Legume family of plants ( 6792:as meaning, "the egg-shaped roots of the 4888:, formerly used in Hebrew to denote only 4862:(formerly "cucumbers") is now applied to 2291:, and of its kind; bearing broad leaves” 12912: 12890:, ed. (1872), "sisymbrium (σισύμριον)", 12668:(1999). Avraham Yosef Havatzelet (ed.). 12644:Book of the Roots (Sepher Haschoraschim) 12395:Work and Customs in Palestine, volume II 12393:(2020). Nadia Abdulhadi-Sukhtian (ed.). 12329:(1). Indiana University Press: 145–229. 12240:Flora and Fauna in Maimonides' Teachings 12234: 12222:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Rubin Mass Ltd. 11890:, and being no more than the sword-like 11600:Nathan ben Abraham (1955), vol. 1, s.v. 11405: 11244: 11141: 11057: 11044:Thus explained by Maimonides in Mishnah 10980: 10786: 10728: 10304:1:4, saying that, in the marketplace of 10244: 9982: 9853: 9663: 9591:), and which word has been explained in 9518: 9489: 9398: 9347: 9318: 9204:. Amar's identification follows that of 8991: 8919: 8896:According to Bos (2016), p. 200, citing 8825: 8792: 8638:was related to a kind of savory (Latin: 8528: 8363: 8274: 8230:suggests that it may have actually been 8156:(a type of cucumber). Moreover, had the 8112: 7967: 7892: 7850: 7735: 7690: 7659: 7556: 7416:'s Judeo-Arabic translation of the word 7302: 7101: 7010: 6952: 6893: 6835: 6699: 6652: 6590: 6460: 6335: 6234: 6209: 5874: 5756: 5204:Wild edible plants of Israel / Palestine 4874:. In modern colloquial Hebrew, the word 3498:, but others say it is the Sodom apple ( 454:of Rav Aḥai, the Gaon of Shabḥa); Rabbi 306:, a position only second to that of the 12935: 12827: 12755:(in Hebrew), Jerusalem: El ha-Meqorot, 12684: 12553:(Available online, at HebrewBooks.org: 12533:(634–1099) , Tel-Aviv, pp. 582–583 12418: 9007:(2020), pp. 377–378, who writes of the 8222:) in relation to the true radish (Heb. 7420:in Exodus 9:32, which he translated as 6098:, although derived from its Greek name. 4835: 27:11th century commentator on the Mishnah 14: 14103: 12577:Libro de Agricultura (Kitāb al-Filāḥa) 12563:The Geonic Commentary on Seder Taharot 12556:The Geonic Commentary on Seder Taharot 12389: 12357: 12317: 12082: 12005:Jewish Theological Seminary of America 11750:), and who uses the Judeo-Arabic word 10923:) is rather to be understood as oats ( 10468:(pear) was also called in the Maghreb 10443:, the 12-century Andalusian author of 9955: 9942:(= artichoke), derived from the Greek 9104:. Some Talmudic scholars thought that 8798: 8486:, s.v. ܨܬܪܐ) as having the meaning of 8474:. This word, in turn, is explained by 8068:, s.v. melon). This fruit, muskmelon ( 5224:Friedman, Mordechai A. (1990a), p. 44 5179:Talmudic Academies in Syria Palaestina 5090:Jewish Theological Seminary of America 5062:explained it differently, saying that 12980: 12886: 12808: 12703: 12451:Hilkhot Erets Yisra'el min ha-Genizah 12280: 12160: 12074:(1936–1945). Solomon L. Skoss (ed.). 11742:21:3, who writes that the word means 11382:(1951), book XX, ch. XVI, wrote: "In 10407:here follows the use of this word in 9096:, may also refer to any of the other 7227:as meaning a type of wild Goosefoot ( 6581:), although they are similar in taste 6370:(1924), p. 114 (note 25), on Mishnah 5297:Friedman, M. (1990a), p. 43 , note 37 5255:Friedman, M. (1990a), p. 44 , note 37 4725:“any of the boiled leafy vegetables” 12214: 12110: 12045:part of the Introduction is missing. 11639:, vol. 1, Book IX, chapter XX; (pp. 11292:) is often used to refer to darnel ( 10673:), and the trees known in Hebrew as 10586:2:1 (being also a type of cucumber). 10285:must also be a kind of pear, hence: 9727:(Old French), or what is now called 9108:was to be identified with oleaster ( 8596:(Sage), while others say "susimbro". 8314:) as being what is called in Arabic 8095:(2020), pp. 250–251, 334. Today, in 5657:, the Arabic word is written with a 5264:Gil, Moshe (1983), pp. 582–583, 604. 3523:(Wool-like bast of the willow tree) 2583:Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus 1240:“a species of vegetables similar to 574:Comparative study of Mishnaic words 347: 12522:London: University of Oxford. 1806. 10189:Printed editions erroneously reads 8783:in the Yemeni dialect is mung bean. 8684: 8311: 7518:in his Judeo-Arabic translation of 7181:as being a subspecies of Lathyrus). 6743:is "one of the names given for the 5528:35a), thought that the Hebrew word 5069: 2642:Petroselinum crispum var. tuberosum 222: 24: 12880:Pe'amim: Studies in Oriental Jewry 12572:Ibn al-'Awwam (Abu Zacaria), Iahia 12092:R. Yitzhak Alfasi's Commentary on 11979:, at the introduction to Tractate 8646:(1872), p. 899, who writes on the 8560:(=pouliot), or what is in English 5998:(1872), p. 899, who writes on the 5403:Assaf, S. (1933–1934), pp. 383–384 5246:(Tamid - part 1), Benei Barak 2001 5011: 296:, he was eventually appointed the 58:Mishnah Commentary of Rabbi Nathan 25: 14167: 12954: 12776:(in Syriac and English). Oxford: 12515:Geoponika - Agricultural Pursuits 12168:(in Hebrew). Machon Har Beracha. 11653:) and a good quantity of pounded 11448:, or what is known in English as 11162:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 11023:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 10971:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 10749:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 10160:has written that the Arabic word 10133:) and which grows in the area of 10002:is none other but the artichoke ( 9749:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 9570:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 9539:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 9368:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 9234:(1280–1355), in his seminal work 9154:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 9066:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 8940:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 8846:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 8816:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 8729:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 8617:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 8580:as having the Italian meaning of 8384:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 7771:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 7522:1:14, who explains "a cluster of 6772:, ch. 7) it was asked: "What are 6673:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 6481:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 6255:, British Library (Add MS 26881). 4988:) is related to the Aramaic word 4930:). Modern Hebrew now calls cork ( 4017:"little apples resembling galls" 13738:Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg 12618:(1989). Ibrahim Ben Mrad (ed.). 12048: 12038: 12010: 11998: 11926: 11856: 11757: 11754:(garbanzo beans) for this plant. 11711:Nathan ben Abraham (1955), s.v. 11705: 11681: 11664: 11607: 11594: 11582: 11565: 11545: 11533: 11517: 11505: 11493: 11476: 11455: 11432: 11411: 11278: 11262: 11250: 11225: 11201: 11181: 11165: 11147: 11114: 11101: 11063: 11038: 11026: 11010: 10986: 10956: 10938: 10835: 10810:Possibly the absinthe wormwood ( 10804: 10792: 10752: 10734: 10709: 10696: 10643: 10627: 10602: 10589: 10573: 10549: 10528: 10515: 10495: 10479: 10458: 10397: 10376: 10263: 10250: 10225: 10208: 10183: 10140: 10116: 10071: 10059: 10046: 10026: 10013: 9988: 9951:The Arab Agricultural Revolution 9885: 9872: 9859: 9810: 9798: 9765: 9752: 9734: 9709:(= guède), meaning Dyer's woad ( 9669: 9612: 9573: 9555: 9542: 9524: 9495: 9477:The Arab Agricultural Revolution 9468: 9404: 9380: 9371: 9353: 9324: 9299: 9287: 9249: 9187: 9170: 9157: 9141: 9086: 9069: 9051: 9034: 8997: 8959: 8943: 8925: 8890: 8874: 8861: 8849: 8831: 8773: 8732: 8714: 8669: 8620: 8534: 8448: 8387: 8369: 8333: 8296: 8280: 8255: 8210:Although the vegetable known as 8204: 8171: 8118: 8025: 8012: 8005:1:5, where he writes for לפסן = 7991: 7988:, British Library (Add MS 26881) 7973: 7949: 7946:, British Library (Add MS 26881) 7931: 7898: 7865: 7856: 7802: 7793: 7756: 7741: 7712: 7696: 7665: 7636: 7623: 7603: 7562: 7533: 7508: 7487: 7463: 7444:(vetch), saying in chapter 3 of 7406: 7346: 7321: 7308: 7264: 7200: 7184: 7164: 6415:The Arab Agricultural Revolution 5780:was understood as meaning Plum ( 5727:'s commentary (11th-century) on 4992:= ܨܦܘܢܐ (soap). In other cases, 4970:. So, too, the biblical hyssop, 4687:Varieties of chard; white beet ( 3766:Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus 416:as occurring in the year 841 of 14136:Jews from the Fatimid Caliphate 13743:Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg 12063: 11643:–290), where he writes: "Eight 11556:Brassica oleracea var. capitata 11340:as rather meaning a species of 11235:for a description into its use. 11035:& Kapah, E. (2011b), p. 17. 9994:Cf. Bos (2016), p. 189, citing 9916:, in his commentary on Mishnah 9701:50a), he wrote of the dyestuff 9643:have identified the plant with 8261:Thus, he explained, in Mishnah 7958:& Kapah, E. (2011b), p. 19. 7833:, on Genesis 43:11, translates 7144: 7123: 7107: 7075: 7063: 7038: 7016: 6979: 6967: 6958: 6915: 6899: 6874: 6858: 6841: 6816: 6799: 6758: 6721: 6705: 6676: 6658: 6612: 6596: 6564: 6551: 6517: 6505: 6484: 6466: 6438: 6421: 6398: 6381: 6361: 6341: 6320: 6307: 6274: 6258: 6240: 6215: 6182: 6161: 6117: 6101: 6087: 6071: 6033: 5958: 5914: 5902: 5889: 5880: 5861:, with Maimonides' Commentary, 5851: 5842: 5762: 5688: 5675:that is sounded-out before the 5635: 5592: 5579: 5566: 5553: 5450: 5431: 5415: 5406: 5397: 5388: 5376: 5362: 5338: 5329: 5142: 2146:Brassica oleracea var. acephala 846:Brassica oleracea var. acephala 543:) as having the connotation of 524:2:4 being explained in Mishnah 391:and commencing with the words, 13881:Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah 13727:Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg 13565:Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre 13560:Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre 11575:(1864), ch. 7, article 34 (p. 10895:), which is a carry-over from 10777:& Kapah, E. (2011b), p. 17 9389:& Kapah, E. (2011b), p. 16 8634:, Book XX, ch. XCI), the word 7588:, in Arabic, is a type of fig. 5911:& Kapah, E. (2011b), p. 14 5335:Schlossberg, E. (2005), p. 281 5312: 5309:& Kapah, E. (2011b), p. 11 5300: 5291: 5279: 5267: 5258: 5249: 5227: 4868:Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica 1244:, but there are those who say 1116:“its essence is from a plant” 13: 1: 13600:Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise 13495:Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans 13351:Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne 13138:Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon 12725:, with Maimonides' Commentary 12518:. Vol. 2. Translated by 12364:Work and Customs in Palestine 11993:Perush Shishah Sidrei Mishnah 11094:as having the connotation of 10235:), meaning, "leeks"; "chives" 10231:A Greek loanword, χεφάλωτον ( 9948:. Andrew Watson, in his work 8687:) in the Mishnah, plural for 8454:Identity uncertain. However, 8397:explains that members of the 8218:1:5 as being a diverse-kind ( 7920:as implying the Spanish word 7799:Variant spelling, לוטם; לוטס. 7616:as having the connotation of 7092:, meaning, castor bean plant. 6788:)." This too is explained by 6544:, who calls it "fennel" (Sp. 5818:work in a different category. 5723:, meaning, "bull's eye." Cf. 5624:'s comment on this matter in 5368:Such is the opinion of Rabbi 5209: 4954:). Cauliflower is now called 4922:, which word formerly meant " 4734:Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris 4690:Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris 2810:(“women who are girdled in a 1870:“a kind of legume; in Arabic 556: 317: 14121:Rabbis of the Land of Israel 14085:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi 13998:Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona 13697:Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin 13456:Samson ben Joseph of Falaise 13006: 11326:Chaetosciadium trichospermum 10887:In Modern Hebrew, the words 9795:Witztum, A. (1992), p. 149. 9681:2:8), Maimonides wrote that 8738:The great mishnaic exegetes 8160:simply been a subspecies of 5802:), but whose inner kernels ( 4996:invented new words, such as 4984:which is now used for soap ( 2555:Daucus carota subsp. sativus 448:(a term applied to the book 302:(President of the court) in 254: 213:, known also by the epithet 7: 14111:Commentaries on the Mishnah 13961:Isaiah di Trani the Younger 13605:Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon 13357:Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim 13225:Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona 13144:Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula 11779:(1936), vol. 1, s.v. אזוב; 11107:The Aramaic word given for 10423:1:4, note 34. According to 9924:on the meaning of the word 9474:Andrew Watson, in his work 9435:) since the genus known as 9100:bearing trees, such as the 8584:, but the Greek meaning of 7526:" as meaning a "cluster of 7273:(2000), p. 278. Amar cites 7245:, in his commentary on the 7116:(1924), p. 143 (on Mishnah 6867:(1924), p. 143 (on Mishnah 6557:Widespread vine species in 5968:, in his commentary on the 5167: 4070:Cucumis sativus, var. chate 2957:(Explained by some to mean 2648:"white flowers; a weed from 1815:(which in Arabic is called 10: 14172: 13861:Eliyahu Menachem of London 13753:Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol 13630:Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken 13575:Samson ben Abraham of Sens 13339:David ben Levi of Narbonne 12816:, Rehovot: E'ele BeTamar, 12301:(1975). Nisan Zaks (ed.). 12020:in Jerusalem: microfilm # 12018:National Library of Israel 11693:Plant Names of Ereẓ Israel 11687:The first to propose that 10620:, when explaining Mishnah 10521:Kapah, E. (2007), p. 102; 10353:(1999:263), citing an old 9943: 9627:spp.) and lampwick plant ( 9595:'s Syriac Dictionary as: " 9296:; Kapah, E. (2011b), p. 16 9224:, which is hart's tongue ( 8498:Dictionary of the Targumim 8409:(renowned scholars of the 8018:Also mentioned in Mishnah 7726:(2015), p. 107 (note 494). 7629:Also mentioned in Mishnah 7539:Also mentioned in Mishnah 7432:, i.e. the grain known as 5628:(1963–1967), vol. 1, s.v. 5614:was used solely for plum ( 4839: 4758:Brassica oleracea botrytis 486:. A certain book entitled 29: 14026: 13993:Moses ben Meir of Ferrara 13939: 13904: 13871:Jacob ben Judah of London 13836: 13643: 13610:Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils 13415: 13289: 13187: 13063: 13014: 12804:: Loeb Classical Library. 12469:Fox, Menahem Zvi (1994). 12242:(in Hebrew). Kfar Darom. 11616:Apicius: De Re Coquinaria 11076:is now used for "beans" ( 10542:is the same plant as the 10193:. Corrected here to read 9920:1:6, also cites from the 9820:is like a gum resin (Ar. 9200:, which is a synonym for 8699:to be worn by all women ( 7581: 7573: 7257:5:3), have explained the 5984:it has been explained as 5561:Nathan ben Jehiel of Rome 5098:Hebrew University library 4928:Trigonella foenum-graecum 4870:), a plant native to the 4695:Beta vulgaris, var. cicla 4604:Trigonella foenum-graecum 4573:Trigonella foenum-graecum 4561:Trigonella foenum-graecum 2082: 1418:Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) 1411:Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) 1404:Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) 1167:"a kind of sycamore fig" 871:“taken from the kinds of 854:“taken from the kinds of 275:Rabbi Hushiel ben Elhanan 204: 194: 186: 176: 172: 164: 159: 151: 137: 127: 102: 76: 71: 63: 51: 39: 14070:Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan 14060:Isaac ben Samuel of Acre 13580:Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi 13510:Haim ben Hananel HaCohen 13478:Moses ben Jacob of Coucy 13402:Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen 13050:Samuel ben Jacob ibn Jam 12894:(3rd ed.), New York 12802:Harvard University Press 12708:(in Hebrew). Ramat Gan: 12620:Tafsīr Kitāb Diāsqūrīdūs 12453:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: 12118:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: 11915:'s gloss in Maimonides' 11003:5:8, in the name of the 10992:Thus is it explained by 9958:Journal of World History 9202:Scolopendrium hemionitis 8302:Rabbi Hai Gaon explains 8083:8:6 by the Arabic name, 7612:(1960:38) also explains 5468:), mentioned in Mishnah 2963:, and by others to mean 2381:Beta vulgaris var. cicla 420:(corresponding with 530 215:President of the Academy 67:President of the Academy 14141:Medieval Jewish writers 13926:Avigdor Cohen of Vienna 13818:Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi 13763:Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir 13709:Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi 13653:Meshullam ben Kalonymus 12920:, vol. 3, Leiden: 12835:, vol. 2, London, 12411:Danzig, Nahman (1998). 12276:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem. 11963:Guide for the Perplexed 11672:Al-Tamimi the physician 11332:(1989), p. 189, citing 11320:), which, according to 10891:are now used for oats ( 10665:) and the almond tree ( 10445:The Book on Agriculture 10170:) and the lablab bean ( 10097:) and the lablab bean ( 8087:, meaning "cucumbers" ( 7908:, in his commentary on 6805:A word synonymous with 5848:Kapah, E. (2007), p. 22 5703:The Book on Agriculture 5653:survives), who wrote: " 5540:), or what is actually 5424:(1955), pp. 319–322 (= 5320:Harry Fischel Institute 5154:Harry Fischel Institute 4892:, is now used also for 4363:“a kind of wild barley” 4136:Christ's thorn jujube ( 4048:Cucumis melo var. chate 3748:Aubergine / egg plant ( 3299:Rue (Ruta chalepensis) 3185:Asplenium scolopendrium 3170:“a bitter plant called 2134:Brassica var. caulorapa 2038:Caryophyllus aromaticus 375:of Rome, the author of 285:where he vied with the 13798:Jacob ben Judah Landau 13793:Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi 13768:Meir ben Baruch Halevi 13377:Abraham of Montpellier 13248:Simeon ben Zemah Duran 12940:(in Hebrew): 147–151. 12509:(14), pp. 139–192 12343:10.2979/aleph.16.1.145 12335:10.2979/aleph.16.1.145 12274:Kiryat Sefer (Year 10) 12199:, vol. 2, Haifa: 12096:(Chapter Kol ha-Basar) 11649:of sweet wine (called 11452:(Armoracia rusticana). 10845:(Fox's barley), being 10687:Ziziphus spina-christi 10384:Ben Melchizedek, Isaac 10150:is also used for ivy ( 10146:The Judeo-Arabic word 10081:is also used for ivy ( 10077:The Judeo-Arabic word 9935:Solanum elaeagnifolium 9719:68a, Rashi wrote that 9431:as being poppy seeds ( 9111:Elaeagnus angustifolia 8779:According to Z. Amar, 8462:) is explained in the 7862:Also known as "chard." 7058:Amar & Kapah 2011b 5795:Alpha Beta la-Ben Sira 5516:) or Ovate goatgrass ( 4486:“wood bark, which is: 4155:Ziziphus spina-christi 4139:Ziziphus spina-christi 3724:Commiphora gileadensis 3712:Commiphora gileadensis 3087:(= thorn) this is the 2705:"one of the grasses" 1534:“the seed of purslane” 14146:Jewish Yemeni history 14013:Isaac ben Melchizedek 14008:Joseph Colon Trabotto 13693:(Maharam MeRotenberg) 13353:(Raavad II, HaEshkol) 13127:Isaac ben Moses Arama 13055:Shemariah ben Elhanan 13030:Chananel ben Chushiel 12882:(in Hebrew). 101/102. 12704:Kapah, El'ad (2007). 12670:Sefer Kaftor Ve'ferah 11728:Isaac ben Melchizedek 11637:Agricultural Pursuits 11633:Agricultural Pursuits 10996:in his commentary on 10994:Isaac ben Melchizedek 10907:35a), where he wrote 10427:(2015:39–40), in the 10419:(1963–1967), vol. 1, 10297:1:4), where it cites 9647:, said to be harmal ( 9227:Scolopendrium vulgare 9048:(2013), pp. 349, 356. 9021:Gundelia tournefortii 9011:mentioned in Mishnah 8740:Isaac ben Melchizedek 8664:Nasturtium officinale 8656:Nasturtium officinale 8570:Isaac ben Melchizedek 7879:." Talmudic exegete, 7642:The sense here is to 6110:(1965), vol. 2, s.v. 6096:Asparagus officinalis 6016:Nasturtium officinale 6008:Nasturtium officinale 5991:Sisymbrium officinale 5643:Isaac ben Melchizedek 5576:in the geonic period. 5286:Encyclopaedia Judaica 5238:Encyclopaedia Judaica 5236:(1933–1934), p. 383; 5128:David Solomon Sassoon 4645:Cichorium divaricatum 3581:“one of the kinds of 3096:Gundelia tournefortii 3077:Gundelia tournefortii 2078:"a type of thin figs" 1924:Asparagus officinalis 779:(a species of lianas) 399:to the time of Rabbi 14090:Nethanel ben Isaiah‎ 14075:Nathan ben Abraham I 13967:Obadiah of Bertinoro 13685:Mordechai ben Hillel 13625:Shemaiah of Soissons 12646:(in Hebrew). Berlin. 12594:Ibn al-'Awwam, Yaḥyá 12447:Margalioth, Mordecai 11783:(1896), s.v. אזב - 11376:Juliana Anicia Codex 11300:(2011a), p. 56. The 10881:sunbulat al-thaʿalib 10813:Artemisia absinthium 10570:(2015), pp. 111, 149 10538:(2020), p. 250, the 10247:, pp. 101, 146. 10180:(2015), pp. 143–144. 10110:Convolvulus arvensis 9998:, who says that the 9789:Micromeria fruticosa 9779:). The Hebrew word ( 8979:(Genesis Rabba §20). 8346:, where he explains 8330:is left for donkeys. 7750:Colocasia antiquorum 7662:, pp. 100, 172. 6128:- A talmudic lexicon 5482:sunbulat al-tha'alib 5243:Pirushei ha-Rishonim 5046:8:10. Rabbi Nathan ( 4966:by its Arabic name, 4836:Modern Hebrew usages 3588:Carthamus tinctorius 3200:(see explanation in 3182:Hart's tongue fern ( 2836:“domestic thistles” 1794:Carthamus tinctorius 1770:Carthamus tinctorius 1579:"Ginger; others say 444:; the author of the 84:late 10th century CE 14131:11th-century rabbis 13979:(Shibbolei HaLeket) 13896:Berechiah de Nicole 13846:Aaron of Canterbury 13828:Isaac Asir HaTikvah 13803:Samuel ben Natronai 13758:Judah ben Kalonymus 13723:(Hagahot Maimuniot) 13426:Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol 13372:Asher ben Meshullam 13367:Meshullam ben Jacob 13327:Isaac ben Abba Mari 13281:Judah ben Barzillai 12710:Bar-Ilan University 12299:Ben Melchizedek, I. 12201:University of Haifa 11862:Likewise, the word 11722:(2015), pp. 47–48; 11696:שמות צמחי ארץ ישראל 11408:, pp. 169–171. 11358:Fumaria officinalis 11247:, pp. 168–169. 11233:Trigonella berythea 11144:, pp. 163–164. 11098:(= Vigna sinensis). 11060:, pp. 157–159. 10789:, pp. 150–151. 10131:Cissus rotundifolia 9856:, pp. 141–142. 9521:, pp. 132–133. 9350:, pp. 129–130. 9321:, pp. 124–125. 9198:Phyllitis sagittata 9176:Variant spellings: 8750:have all cited the 8658:, or Water-cress." 8492:, a view shared by 8366:, pp. 114–115. 8144:to mean in Spanish 7853:, pp. 105–106. 7693:, pp. 102–103. 7400:Triticum monococcum 6602:Variant spellings, 6463:, pp. 161–162. 6010:, or Water-cress." 5518:Aegilops geniculata 5472:2:5 and in Mishnah 5276:(2010), pp. 558–559 5174:Palestinian Gaonate 4909:Allium ampeloprasum 4881:Armoracia rusticana 4801:Cercis siliquastrum 4358:Aegilops geniculata 4046:Egyptian cucumber ( 3912:Allium ampeloprasum 3308:(Ruta chalepensis) 3292:(Ruta chalepensis) 2960:Lepidium latifolium 2937:Lepidium latifolium 2807:הנשים החגורות בסינר 2270:Colocasia esculenta 2249:Colocasia esculenta 2104:Wild Syrian pears ( 2081:(variant spelling: 1583:which is cinnamon" 1113:(alkali substance) 839:has been steeped”) 585:Nathan ben Abraham 575: 224:רבינו נתן אב הישיבה 14116:Medieval Hebraists 14080:Hillel ben Eliakim 14050:Zerahiah the Greek 14044:Tobiah ben Eliezer 13916:(Terumat HaDeshen) 13748:Samson ben Eliezer 13703:Eliezer ben Nathan 13691:Meir of Rothenburg 13660:(Rabbeinu Gershom) 13635:Ephraim ben Samson 13555:Eliezer of Touques 13466:Eliezer ben Samuel 13461:Yom Tov of Falaise 13333:Abraham ben Nathan 13129:(Akeidat Yitzchak) 13067:(except Catalonia) 12749:Nathan ben Abraham 11944:) and this is its 11823:= Persian-hyssop ( 11539:Variant spelling: 11423:cardogna macchiata 11419:Scolymus maculatus 11390:that is very like 10950:Hordeum spontaneum 10848:Hordeum spontaneum 10758:Variant spelling, 10667:Amygdalus communis 10608:Thus explained by 10197:. So explained by 10065:Variant spelling, 9830:Styrax officinalis 9828:(oleoresin of the 9731:(= Dyer's madder). 9548:Variant spelling, 9433:Papaver somniferum 9281:Carduus argentatus 8965:Also mentioned in 8907:Mespilus germanica 8855:Variant spelling: 8767:Scolymus maculatus 8705:Beit Netofa Valley 8480:Thesaurus Syriacus 8124:Talmudic exegete, 7496:Styrax officinalis 7412:This word follows 7393:may apply to both 7290:Chenopodium murale 7233:Chenopodium murale 7177:1:1 (explained by 6973:Variant spelling: 6880:Variant spelling, 6824:Portulaca oleracea 6635:of a native pear ( 6578:Lagenaria vulgaris 6529:Foeniculum vulgare 6514:(2015), pp. 57–58. 6374:9:6. According to 6123:See frame f.6r in 4994:Eliezer Ben-Yehuda 4980:. The Arabic word 4257:Hordeum spontaneum 4014:pear; small apple 3694:Styrax officinalis 3501:Calotropis procera 3409:Papaver somniferum 3397:Papaver somniferum 2909:“a black variety” 2457:Charlock mustard ( 2419:Atriplex hortensis 2400:Atriplex hortensis 2261:“a kind of onion” 2008:Styrax officinalis 1538:Portulaca oleracea 1518:Portulaca oleracea 1499:Portulaca oleracea 1359:“a kind of apple” 1349:Mespilus germanica 1305:Castorbean plant ( 1254:Foeniculum vulgare 1036:Buxus sempervirens 1012:Buxus sempervirens 1000:Buxus sempervirens 984:Buxus sempervirens 822:Nedarim 6:8 (6:10) 573: 352:Nathan's original 211:Nathan ben Abraham 46:Nathan ben Abraham 18:Nathan ben Abraham 14151:People from Ramla 14098: 14097: 14055:Isaac ben Dorbolo 14018:Judah Messer Leon 14003:Hillel ben Samuel 13949:Nathan ben Jehiel 13891:Yom Tov of Joigny 13778:Israel of Bamberg 13729:(Yehudah haHasid) 13658:Gershom ben Judah 13615:Menahem ben Helbo 13525:Peretz ben Elijah 13505:Judah ben Yom Tov 13436:List of Tosafists 13419:(except Provence) 13407:Jonathan of Lunel 13397:Isaac of Narbonne 13392:Samuel ibn Tibbon 13304:Abraham ben David 13242:Isaac ben Sheshet 13213:Shlomo ibn Aderet 13154:Maimon ben Joseph 13149:Isaac ibn Ghiyyat 13095:Joseph ibn Migash 13040:Zechariah Aghmati 13035:Dunash ben Labrat 12733:Mossad Harav Kook 12455:Mossad Harav Kook 12404:978-9950-385-84-9 12186:978-965-90818-7-5 12175:978-965-908-187-5 12120:Ben-Zvi Institute 11913:Abraham ben David 11905:Abraham ben David 11813:Origanum syriacum 11730:, s.v. Peah 3:3; 11372:De Materia Medica 11294:Lolium temulentum 10901:Babylonian Talmud 10415:'s commentary in 10039:as meaning hemp ( 9878:Variant spelling 9691:Babylonian Talmud 9453:Panicum miliaceum 9246:(Scolo pendrion). 9242:, which he calls 9092:The Arabic word, 8967:Babylonian Talmud 8652:Mentha sylvestris 8546:Babylonian Talmud 8544:'s commentary on 8464:Babylonian Talmud 8324:ḥurfesh beni adam 7875:as "a variety of 7475:Triticum dicoccum 7395:Triticum dicoccum 7367:Kitāb al-Muḫaṣṣaṣ 7060:, pp. 14–15. 6838:, pp. 79–80. 6747:plant." The word 6492:Babylonian Talmud 6212:, pp. 47–48. 6173:Nathan ben Jehiel 6004:Mentha sylvestris 5976:5:7), explains: “ 5759:, pp. 39–40. 5729:Babylonian Talmud 5697:, the 12-century 5522:Babylonian Talmud 5441:Babylonian Talmud 5385:(2018), pp. 28–29 4792: 4791: 4772: 4743: 4675: 4662: 4643:or Wild chicory ( 4639:Cichorium endivia 4614: 4583: 4546: 4527: 4511: 4495: 4448: 4402: 4356:Ovate goatgrass ( 4336: 4316:Anemone coronaria 4288: 4227: 4214:Root of the tree 4172: 4120: 4078: 4036: 4029: 4024: 3999: 3952: 3931: 3897: 3831: 3781: 3751:Solanum melongena 3736: 3691:Oleoresin of the 3679: 3668: 3652:, but others say 3646: 3617: 3592: 3559: 3546: 3533: 3516: 3511:(i.e. bast wick) 3505: 3485: 3421: 3357: 3315: 3265: 3211: 3197: 3175: 3161: 3109: 3064: 3051: 2977: 2970: 2919: 2846: 2819: 2798: 2764: 2732: 2699:Panicum miliaceum 2684: 2612: 2540: 2486: 2473:Marrubium vulgare 2432: 2364: 2346: 2298: 2279: 2234: 2170: 2117: 2086: 2051: 1987: 1952:Triticum dicoccum 1937: 1912:Amaranthus blitum 1901:Amaranthus blitum 1887: 1837: 1820: 1755: 1731:Eryngium creticum 1718:Eryngium creticum 1711: 1665: 1623: 1601: 1592:Cinnamomum cassia 1574:Cinnamomum cassia 1547: 1529: 1510: 1494: 1491:al-baqla al-ḥamqa 1463: 1425: 1381: 1374: 1369: 1321: 1274: 1249: 1228: 1180: 1134: 1085: 1045: 1022: 969: 955: 891: 884: 867: 850: 835:(“Water in which 823: 780: 759: 707: 688: 671: 642: 605: 460:Isaac ibn Ghiyyat 410:Babylonian Talmud 373:Nathan ben Jehiel 348:Anonymous copyist 337:of Hebrew words. 326:'s commentary on 290:Solomon ben Judah 249:Fatimid Caliphate 208: 207: 121:Fatimid Caliphate 96:Fatimid Caliphate 32:Nathan ben Jehiel 16:(Redirected from 14163: 13972:Menahem Recanati 13914:Israel Isserlein 13808:Alexander Suslin 13733:Yaakov ben Yakar 13715:Eleazar of Worms 13673:Asher ben Jehiel 13664:Simeon bar Isaac 13595:Samuel of Évreux 13570:Baruch ben Isaac 13545:Samson of Chinon 13540:Jacob of Orléans 13515:Yechiel of Paris 13484:Judah ben Nathan 13472:Isaac ben Samuel 13451:Solomon ben Meir 13362:Moshe ha-Darshan 13345:Moses ben Joseph 13299:Hachmei Provence 13266:Azriel of Gerona 13262:(Nimmukei Yosef) 13260:Joseph ibn Habib 13256:(Maggid Mishneh) 13221:(Rabbeinu Yonah) 13207:Nissim of Gerona 13164:Abraham ibn Daud 13133:Rabbenu Yerucham 13107:Bahya ibn Paquda 13089:Yom Tov Asevilli 13084:Abraham ibn Ezra 13045:Nissim ben Jacob 13001: 12994: 12987: 12978: 12977: 12949: 12932: 12909: 12903: 12895: 12883: 12874: 12857: 12851: 12843: 12824: 12805: 12789: 12763: 12744: 12713: 12700: 12681: 12666:Ishtori Haparchi 12661: 12655: 12647: 12636:Ibn Ǧanāḥ, Yonah 12631: 12611: 12589: 12552: 12523: 12502: 12466: 12438: 12408: 12386: 12354: 12314: 12289: 12277: 12265: 12259: 12251: 12231: 12211: 12179: 12157: 12133: 12107: 12079: 12058: 12052: 12046: 12042: 12036: 12032:. See library's 12014: 12008: 12002: 11996: 11930: 11924: 11884:Shimshon of Sens 11880:Isaac of Siponto 11860: 11854: 11833:Satureja thymbra 11831:= Roman-hyssop ( 11825:Thymbra capitata 11781:Ibn Ǧanāḥ, Yonah 11761: 11755: 11709: 11703: 11685: 11679: 11668: 11662: 11611: 11605: 11604:, ch. 7, p. 26a 11598: 11592: 11586: 11580: 11569: 11563: 11549: 11543: 11537: 11531: 11521: 11515: 11509: 11503: 11497: 11491: 11480: 11474: 11461:Also in Mishnah 11459: 11453: 11436: 11430: 11427:cardo borriquero 11415: 11409: 11403: 11397: 11370:in Dioscorides' 11346:Daucus gingidium 11308:2:5 ) calls the 11302:Jerusalem Talmud 11282: 11276: 11266: 11260: 11254: 11248: 11242: 11236: 11229: 11223: 11207:Also in Mishnah 11205: 11199: 11187:Also in Mishnah 11185: 11179: 11169: 11163: 11151: 11145: 11139: 11133: 11118: 11112: 11105: 11099: 11067: 11061: 11055: 11049: 11042: 11036: 11030: 11024: 11014: 11008: 10990: 10984: 10978: 10972: 10960: 10954: 10942: 10936: 10929:) or goatgrass ( 10889:shibbolet shuʿal 10839: 10833: 10828:Also in Mishnah 10826: 10817: 10808: 10802: 10796: 10790: 10784: 10778: 10772: 10763: 10756: 10750: 10738: 10732: 10726: 10720: 10713: 10707: 10700: 10694: 10671:Prunus amygdalus 10649:Also in Mishnah 10647: 10641: 10631: 10625: 10606: 10600: 10593: 10587: 10577: 10571: 10553: 10547: 10532: 10526: 10519: 10513: 10501:Also in Mishnah 10499: 10493: 10483: 10477: 10462: 10456: 10401: 10395: 10380: 10374: 10351:Ishtori Haparchi 10322:Jerusalem Talmud 10291:Jerusalem Talmud 10267: 10261: 10256:Also in Mishnah 10254: 10248: 10242: 10236: 10229: 10223: 10214:Also in Mishnah 10212: 10206: 10187: 10181: 10144: 10138: 10120: 10114: 10075: 10069: 10063: 10057: 10052:Also in Mishnah 10050: 10044: 10030: 10024: 10019:Also in Mishnah 10017: 10011: 9992: 9986: 9980: 9974: 9973: 9947: 9889: 9883: 9876: 9870: 9865:Also in Mishnah 9863: 9857: 9851: 9845: 9840:is explained as 9814: 9808: 9802: 9796: 9769: 9763: 9758:Transliterated, 9756: 9750: 9738: 9732: 9673: 9667: 9661: 9652: 9616: 9610: 9605:used for wicks, 9577: 9571: 9559: 9553: 9546: 9540: 9528: 9522: 9516: 9510: 9501:Also in Mishnah 9499: 9493: 9487: 9481: 9472: 9466: 9408: 9402: 9396: 9390: 9384: 9378: 9375: 9369: 9357: 9351: 9345: 9339: 9330:Also in Mishnah 9328: 9322: 9316: 9310: 9303: 9297: 9291: 9285: 9253: 9247: 9232:Ishtori Haparchi 9191: 9185: 9174: 9168: 9163:Also in Mishnah 9161: 9155: 9145: 9139: 9124:Jerusalem Talmud 9090: 9084: 9079:2:3. The words, 9075:Also in Mishnah 9073: 9067: 9055: 9049: 9038: 9032: 9001: 8995: 8989: 8980: 8975:34a, and in the 8963: 8957: 8947: 8941: 8929: 8923: 8917: 8911: 8894: 8888: 8878: 8872: 8867:Also in Mishnah 8865: 8859: 8853: 8847: 8835: 8829: 8823: 8817: 8805: 8796: 8790: 8784: 8777: 8771: 8736: 8730: 8718: 8712: 8686: 8673: 8667: 8624: 8618: 8606: 8597: 8538: 8532: 8526: 8517: 8489:satureia thymbra 8452: 8446: 8437:Also in Mishnah 8435: 8426: 8411:Jerusalem Talmud 8391: 8385: 8373: 8367: 8361: 8355: 8337: 8331: 8328:ḥurfesh el-ḥamir 8313: 8300: 8294: 8284: 8278: 8272: 8266: 8259: 8253: 8208: 8202: 8175: 8169: 8130:Jerusalem Talmud 8122: 8116: 8110: 8104: 8060:apple + πεπόν = 8041:Jerusalem Talmud 8029: 8023: 8016: 8010: 7995: 7989: 7977: 7971: 7965: 7959: 7953: 7947: 7935: 7929: 7910:Jerusalem Talmud 7902: 7896: 7890: 7884: 7869: 7863: 7860: 7854: 7848: 7842: 7806: 7800: 7797: 7791: 7781: 7772: 7760: 7754: 7745: 7739: 7733: 7727: 7720:Arum palaestinum 7716: 7710: 7700: 7694: 7688: 7682: 7669: 7663: 7657: 7651: 7640: 7634: 7627: 7621: 7607: 7601: 7598: 7589: 7583: 7575: 7566: 7560: 7554: 7548: 7537: 7531: 7512: 7506: 7491: 7485: 7478:), or to Spelt ( 7467: 7461: 7456:, but it is not 7410: 7404: 7350: 7344: 7327:Also in Mishnah 7325: 7319: 7312: 7306: 7300: 7294: 7268: 7262: 7247:Jerusalem Talmud 7204: 7198: 7188: 7182: 7168: 7162: 7148: 7142: 7129:Also in Mishnah 7127: 7121: 7111: 7105: 7099: 7093: 7079: 7073: 7071:Carthamus tenuis 7067: 7061: 7055: 7049: 7044:Also in Mishnah 7042: 7036: 7033: 7024: 7020: 7014: 7008: 7002: 6983: 6977: 6971: 6965: 6962: 6956: 6950: 6941: 6921:Also in Mishnah 6919: 6913: 6908:(1924), Mishnah 6903: 6897: 6891: 6885: 6878: 6872: 6862: 6856: 6845: 6839: 6833: 6827: 6820: 6814: 6803: 6797: 6766:Jerusalem Talmud 6762: 6756: 6725: 6719: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6682:Also in Mishnah 6680: 6674: 6662: 6656: 6650: 6644: 6624:Jerusalem Talmud 6616: 6610: 6600: 6594: 6588: 6582: 6568: 6562: 6555: 6549: 6534:Jerusalem Talmud 6521: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6488: 6482: 6470: 6464: 6458: 6452: 6444:Also in Mishnah 6442: 6436: 6435:(2015), p. 165). 6425: 6419: 6402: 6396: 6387:Also in Mishnah 6385: 6379: 6365: 6359: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6324: 6318: 6313:Also in Mishnah 6311: 6287: 6281: 6272: 6267:(1924), Mishnah 6262: 6256: 6244: 6238: 6232: 6226: 6221:Also in Mishnah 6219: 6213: 6207: 6201: 6188:Also in Mishnah 6186: 6180: 6165: 6159: 6121: 6115: 6105: 6099: 6091: 6085: 6075: 6069: 6050:Jerusalem Talmud 6037: 6031: 5970:Jerusalem Talmud 5962: 5956: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5895:Also in Mishnah 5893: 5887: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5866: 5855: 5849: 5846: 5840: 5835:(1924), Mishnah 5830: 5819: 5783:Prunus domestica 5766: 5760: 5754: 5748: 5725:Rabbeinu Hananel 5692: 5686: 5669:) and the vowel 5639: 5633: 5617:Prunus domestica 5596: 5590: 5585:Also in Mishnah 5583: 5577: 5570: 5564: 5563:(c. 1035 – 1106) 5557: 5551: 5496:10:7 as meaning 5462:shibbolet shu'al 5454: 5448: 5435: 5429: 5419: 5413: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5395: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5374: 5366: 5360: 5342: 5336: 5333: 5327: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5256: 5253: 5247: 5231: 5225: 5222: 5095: 5092:, under JTS Rab. 5070:Modern discovery 5056:earthenware oven 4903:Arum palaestinum 4767: 4741: 4673: 4660: 4612: 4578: 4544: 4523: 4509: 4502:Bambusa vulgaris 4493: 4481:Bambusa vulgaris 4469:Bambusa vulgaris 4446: 4400: 4334: 4286: 4225: 4170: 4118: 4074: 4063:Hairy cucumber ( 4034: 4027: 4022: 3989: 3979:Prunus armeniaca 3950: 3926: 3895: 3829: 3779: 3734: 3677: 3658: 3636: 3615: 3580: 3557: 3544: 3531: 3514: 3493: 3483: 3419: 3355: 3330:Lablab purpureus 3313: 3280:Ruta chalepensis 3263: 3209: 3191: 3169: 3160:Eruvin 2:6 (2:8) 3159: 3124:Pinus halepensis 3107: 3066:Wild artichoke ( 3062: 3049: 3042:Crataegus aronia 3025:Crataegus aronia 3013:Crataegus aronia 2992:Crataegus aronia 2975: 2956: 2917: 2844: 2817: 2796: 2778:; but others say 2755: 2730: 2683:Avodah Zarah 1:5 2682: 2664:Silybum marianum 2626:St. Lucie cherry 2610: 2565:“Syrian radish” 2538: 2484: 2460:Sinapis arvensis 2430: 2362: 2341: 2296: 2275: 2256:Arum palaestinum 2232: 2168: 2115: 2084: 2080: 2049: 2021:Lawsonia inermis 1985: 1935: 1914:var. silvestre) 1903:var. silvestre) 1885: 1860:Chickling vetch 1835: 1814: 1782:Ricinus communis 1753: 1709: 1663: 1621: 1599: 1562:Ocimum basilicum 1545: 1524: 1505: 1484: 1461: 1423: 1379: 1372: 1367: 1319: 1308:Ricinus communis 1272: 1239: 1226: 1178: 1149:Musa paradisiaca 1132: 1083: 1056:“unknown herbs” 1043: 1018: 967: 950: 919:Lablab purpureus 889: 870: 853: 842: 821: 778: 757: 747:Aḇarta bar hemaj 735:Majorana syriaca 722:Majorana syriaca 705: 683: 666: 647:Prunus domestica 630: 603: 576: 572: 533:Moses ben Nahman 476:Samuel ben Ḥofni 472:Sefer ha-Mafteaḥ 470:, the author of 438:Halakhot Gedolot 436:; the author of 430:Halakhot Pesuḳot 426:Halakhot Ḳetu'ot 397:Babylonian exile 247:district of the 226: 144:Abraham (father) 56: 37: 36: 21: 14171: 14170: 14166: 14165: 14164: 14162: 14161: 14160: 14101: 14100: 14099: 14094: 14039:Elijah Mizrachi 14034:Isaac Abarbanel 14022: 13955:Isaiah di Trani 13935: 13920:Isaac of Vienna 13900: 13886:Moses of London 13876:Josce of London 13866:Hagin Deulacres 13856:Elias of London 13832: 13823:Simha of Speyer 13788:Judah ben Asher 13783:Ephraim of Bonn 13679:Jacob ben Asher 13639: 13590:Moses of Évreux 13585:Meir ben Samuel 13550:Jacob of Chinon 13530:Eliezer of Toul 13500:Elijah of Paris 13411: 13387:Isaac the Blind 13285: 13276:Judah ben Yakar 13254:Vidal of Tolosa 13183: 13174:Jonah ibn Janah 13117:David Abudirham 13112:Bahya ben Asher 13059: 13010: 13005: 12957: 12952: 12897: 12896: 12845: 12844: 12798:Natural History 12794:Pliny the Elder 12778:Clarendon Press 12768:Payne Smith, J. 12649: 12648: 12512: 12491:10.2307/3622642 12405: 12375: 12374:9789950385-01-6 12253: 12252: 12176: 12130: 12094:Tractate Hullin 12066: 12061: 12053: 12049: 12043: 12039: 12015: 12011: 12003: 11999: 11972:Midrash Hagadol 11931: 11927: 11921:Tum'eoth ha-Met 11861: 11857: 11849:14:6 (p. 696); 11762: 11758: 11748:Cicer arietinum 11726:, s.v. אפונין; 11718:21:3. See also 11710: 11706: 11686: 11682: 11669: 11665: 11612: 11608: 11599: 11595: 11587: 11583: 11570: 11566: 11550: 11546: 11538: 11534: 11522: 11518: 11510: 11506: 11502:(2015), p. 172. 11498: 11494: 11490:(2020), p. 336. 11481: 11477: 11460: 11456: 11441:Tosafot Yom Tov 11437: 11433: 11416: 11412: 11404: 11400: 11380:Pliny the Elder 11283: 11279: 11267: 11263: 11255: 11251: 11243: 11239: 11230: 11226: 11206: 11202: 11186: 11182: 11170: 11166: 11152: 11148: 11140: 11136: 11119: 11115: 11106: 11102: 11068: 11064: 11056: 11052: 11043: 11039: 11031: 11027: 11015: 11011: 10991: 10987: 10979: 10975: 10961: 10957: 10943: 10939: 10840: 10836: 10827: 10820: 10809: 10805: 10797: 10793: 10785: 10781: 10773: 10766: 10757: 10753: 10739: 10735: 10727: 10723: 10714: 10710: 10704:Ziziphus jujuba 10701: 10697: 10679:Ziziphus jujuba 10648: 10644: 10632: 10628: 10607: 10603: 10594: 10590: 10578: 10574: 10554: 10550: 10533: 10529: 10520: 10516: 10500: 10496: 10484: 10480: 10463: 10459: 10449:Kitāb al-Filāḥa 10402: 10398: 10381: 10377: 10318:Solomon Sirilio 10268: 10264: 10255: 10251: 10243: 10239: 10230: 10226: 10213: 10209: 10188: 10184: 10173:Dolichos lablab 10145: 10141: 10121: 10117: 10100:Dolichos lablab 10076: 10072: 10064: 10060: 10051: 10047: 10041:Cannabis sativa 10031: 10027: 10018: 10014: 9996:Jonah ibn Janah 9993: 9989: 9981: 9977: 9890: 9886: 9877: 9873: 9864: 9860: 9852: 9848: 9815: 9811: 9803: 9799: 9777:Solomon Sirilio 9770: 9766: 9757: 9753: 9739: 9735: 9674: 9670: 9662: 9655: 9649:Peganum harmala 9617: 9613: 9598:Peganum harmala 9578: 9574: 9560: 9556: 9547: 9543: 9529: 9525: 9517: 9513: 9500: 9496: 9488: 9484: 9473: 9469: 9463:Sorghum vulgare 9458:Setaria italica 9409: 9405: 9397: 9393: 9385: 9381: 9376: 9372: 9358: 9354: 9346: 9342: 9329: 9325: 9317: 9313: 9304: 9300: 9292: 9288: 9275:Cirsium arvense 9254: 9250: 9236:Kaftor Vaferach 9192: 9188: 9175: 9171: 9162: 9158: 9146: 9142: 9091: 9087: 9074: 9070: 9056: 9052: 9039: 9035: 9002: 8998: 8990: 8983: 8964: 8960: 8948: 8944: 8930: 8926: 8918: 8914: 8904:is the medlar ( 8898:Jonah ibn Janah 8895: 8891: 8879: 8875: 8866: 8862: 8854: 8850: 8836: 8832: 8824: 8820: 8806: 8799: 8791: 8787: 8778: 8774: 8744:Solomon Sirilio 8737: 8733: 8719: 8715: 8697:Ezra the Scribe 8674: 8670: 8632:Natural History 8628:Pliny the Elder 8625: 8621: 8607: 8600: 8566:Mentha pulegium 8539: 8535: 8527: 8520: 8504:), who, citing 8476:Payne Smith, J. 8453: 8449: 8436: 8429: 8419:4:1, p. 34a in 8407:Elijah of Fulda 8403:Solomon Sirilio 8392: 8388: 8374: 8370: 8362: 8358: 8354:(i.e. millet)." 8344:Murshid al-Kafi 8338: 8334: 8301: 8297: 8285: 8281: 8273: 8269: 8260: 8256: 8209: 8205: 8176: 8172: 8126:Solomon Sirilio 8123: 8119: 8111: 8107: 8089:Cucumis sativus 8030: 8026: 8017: 8013: 7999:Solomon Sirilio 7996: 7992: 7978: 7974: 7966: 7962: 7954: 7950: 7936: 7932: 7906:Solomon Sirilio 7903: 7899: 7891: 7887: 7881:Solomon Sirilio 7870: 7866: 7861: 7857: 7849: 7845: 7807: 7803: 7798: 7794: 7782: 7775: 7761: 7757: 7746: 7742: 7734: 7730: 7717: 7713: 7701: 7697: 7689: 7685: 7678:Crocus hyemalis 7670: 7666: 7658: 7654: 7641: 7637: 7628: 7624: 7608: 7604: 7599: 7592: 7567: 7563: 7555: 7551: 7538: 7534: 7513: 7509: 7492: 7488: 7481:Triticum spelta 7468: 7464: 7411: 7407: 7358:Triticum spelta 7351: 7347: 7326: 7322: 7313: 7309: 7301: 7297: 7284:Blitum virgatum 7269: 7265: 7243:Moses Margolies 7229:Blitum virgatum 7205: 7201: 7189: 7185: 7169: 7165: 7149: 7145: 7128: 7124: 7112: 7108: 7100: 7096: 7080: 7076: 7068: 7064: 7056: 7052: 7043: 7039: 7034: 7027: 7021: 7017: 7009: 7005: 6984: 6980: 6972: 6968: 6963: 6959: 6951: 6944: 6920: 6916: 6904: 6900: 6892: 6888: 6879: 6875: 6863: 6859: 6846: 6842: 6834: 6830: 6821: 6817: 6804: 6800: 6790:Solomon Sirilio 6763: 6759: 6726: 6722: 6710: 6706: 6698: 6694: 6681: 6677: 6663: 6659: 6651: 6647: 6617: 6613: 6601: 6597: 6589: 6585: 6569: 6565: 6556: 6552: 6542:Solomon Sirilio 6522: 6518: 6510: 6506: 6500:Moses Margolies 6489: 6485: 6471: 6467: 6459: 6455: 6443: 6439: 6426: 6422: 6403: 6399: 6386: 6382: 6366: 6362: 6346: 6342: 6334: 6330: 6325: 6321: 6312: 6308: 6284: 6275: 6263: 6259: 6245: 6241: 6233: 6229: 6220: 6216: 6208: 6204: 6187: 6183: 6166: 6162: 6122: 6118: 6106: 6102: 6092: 6088: 6076: 6072: 6038: 6034: 5966:Solomon Sirilio 5963: 5959: 5949:Mentha aquatica 5919: 5915: 5907: 5903: 5894: 5890: 5885: 5881: 5873: 5869: 5856: 5852: 5847: 5843: 5831: 5822: 5767: 5763: 5755: 5751: 5707:Kitāb al-Filāḥa 5693: 5689: 5640: 5636: 5597: 5593: 5584: 5580: 5571: 5567: 5558: 5554: 5500:(Judeo-Arabic: 5455: 5451: 5436: 5432: 5420: 5416: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5393: 5389: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5363: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5330: 5317: 5313: 5305: 5301: 5296: 5292: 5284: 5280: 5272: 5268: 5263: 5259: 5254: 5250: 5232: 5228: 5223: 5216: 5212: 5170: 5145: 5093: 5072: 5014: 5012:Difficult words 4951:Cicer arietinum 4864:zucchini squash 4844: 4838: 4812:) or violets ( 4796:region of Syria 4782: 4776: 4754: 4731: 4724: 4720:Blitum virgatum 4716: 4703: 4686: 4659: 4653: 4642: 4636: 4625: 4600: 4593: 4587: 4570: 4557: 4522: 4517: 4499: 4478: 4465: 4454: 4426: 4413: 4389:Triticum spelta 4385: 4368: 4364: 4355: 4347: 4325: 4312: 4299: 4274: 4266: 4253: 4251: 4245: 4238: 4213: 4200: 4191: 4183: 4152: 4135: 4131: 4110:Cucumis sativus 4106: 4104: 4095:Cucumis sativus 4091: 4089: 4083: 4068: 4062: 4058: 4056: 4045: 4033: 4013: 4000: 3988: 3975: 3971: 3963: 3941: 3935: 3922: 3908: 3889: 3876: 3865: 3854: 3850: 3842: 3819:Cannabis indica 3816: 3808:Cannabis indica 3805: 3796:Cannabis indica 3792: 3760: 3747: 3721: 3708: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3656: 3628: 3598: 3570: 3522: 3510: 3506: 3475:Cydonia oblonga 3471: 3462:Cydonia oblonga 3458: 3449:Cydonia oblonga 3445: 3436:Cydonia oblonga 3432: 3406: 3393: 3380: 3376: 3372:Sorghum vulgare 3368: 3346: 3339: 3326: 3307: 3305: 3298: 3291: 3289: 3276: 3248: 3235: 3222: 3181: 3142: 3120: 3092: 3073: 3069:Cynara scolymus 3065: 3039: 3032: 3028: 3022: 3009: 2996: 2988: 2955: 2953: 2933: 2908: 2896: 2883: 2879:Phaseolus mungo 2875: 2865: 2857: 2835: 2832:cardi domestici 2825: 2809: 2783: 2779: 2754: 2743: 2716: 2711: 2695: 2675:Cynara scolymus 2672: 2668: 2660: 2649: 2638: 2624:Blossom of the 2623: 2591: 2587: 2579: 2566: 2564: 2551: 2525: 2516:Cucumis sativus 2512: 2505: 2497: 2469: 2456: 2444:Garden Rocket ( 2443: 2415: 2396: 2385: 2377: 2375: 2351: 2339: 2331:Castanea sativa 2328: 2321: 2317: 2313:Castanea sativa 2309: 2273: 2267: 2253: 2245: 2222: 2211: 2194: 2181: 2155: 2142: 2128: 2103: 2092: 2079: 2072:Ficus sycamorus 2068: 2066: 2034: 2017: 2004: 1998: 1973: 1960: 1956: 1948: 1920: 1909: 1898: 1875: 1869: 1859: 1849:Vetchling pea ( 1848: 1821: 1813: 1802: 1791: 1778: 1774: 1766: 1740: 1727: 1708: 1676: 1650: 1638:Black mustard ( 1637: 1630:White mustard ( 1629: 1620: 1613:White mustard ( 1612: 1589: 1571: 1558: 1535: 1533: 1514: 1495: 1481:Herbal flowers 1480: 1477:zahrāt al-nebāt 1474: 1436: 1417: 1410: 1403: 1390: 1378: 1358: 1345: 1332: 1304: 1298:Egyptian gourd 1297: 1285: 1250: 1217: 1208:Ficus sycomorus 1204: 1195:Ficus sycomorus 1191: 1161:Ficus sycomorus 1158:Sycamore figs ( 1157: 1153: 1145: 1122: 1109: 1100:Soda rosmarinus 1096: 1068: 1062: 1033: 1016: 1008: 997: 993: 980: 948: 944:Cicer arietinum 940: 932:Cicer arietinum 929: 914: 910: 906:Cicer arietinum 902: 834: 811: 798: 786: 777: 770: 744: 731: 718: 693: 681: 664: 656: 643: 629: 616: 559: 358:Yemenite Jewish 350: 320: 257: 147: 123: 110: 98: 85: 83: 82: 59: 47: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14169: 14159: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14118: 14113: 14096: 14095: 14093: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14041: 14036: 14030: 14028: 14024: 14023: 14021: 14020: 14015: 14010: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13958: 13952: 13945: 13943: 13937: 13936: 13934: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13917: 13910: 13908: 13902: 13901: 13899: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13842: 13840: 13834: 13833: 13831: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13724: 13718: 13712: 13706: 13700: 13694: 13688: 13682: 13681:(Baal HaTurim) 13676: 13670: 13661: 13655: 13649: 13647: 13641: 13640: 13638: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13492: 13487: 13481: 13475: 13469: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13422: 13420: 13413: 13412: 13410: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13369: 13364: 13359: 13354: 13348: 13342: 13336: 13330: 13324: 13319: 13313: 13307: 13301: 13295: 13293: 13287: 13286: 13284: 13283: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13257: 13251: 13245: 13239: 13233: 13231:Hasdai Crescas 13228: 13222: 13216: 13210: 13204: 13202:Menachem Meiri 13199: 13193: 13191: 13185: 13184: 13182: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13169:Moses ibn Ezra 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13135: 13130: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13098: 13092: 13086: 13081: 13076: 13070: 13068: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13020: 13018: 13012: 13011: 13004: 13003: 12996: 12989: 12981: 12975: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12956: 12955:External links 12953: 12951: 12950: 12933: 12916:, ed. (2010), 12914:Stillman, N.A. 12910: 12884: 12875: 12858: 12831:, ed. (1932), 12825: 12806: 12790: 12764: 12745: 12714: 12701: 12688:, ed. (2006), 12682: 12662: 12632: 12612: 12590: 12568: 12534: 12524: 12510: 12503: 12474: 12467: 12443:Feliks, Jehuda 12439: 12416: 12409: 12403: 12391:Dalman, Gustaf 12387: 12373: 12359:Dalman, Gustaf 12355: 12315: 12295: 12278: 12266: 12232: 12212: 12189: 12174: 12158: 12134: 12128: 12108: 12080: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12059: 12047: 12037: 12034:Permanent Link 12030:JER_NLI_593=38 12009: 11997: 11925: 11855: 11853:11:7 (p. 711). 11756: 11744:garbanzo beans 11704: 11680: 11663: 11606: 11593: 11581: 11564: 11544: 11532: 11516: 11514:, s.v. אנגרון. 11504: 11492: 11475: 11454: 11438:The author of 11431: 11410: 11398: 11277: 11261: 11249: 11237: 11224: 11200: 11180: 11164: 11146: 11134: 11113: 11100: 11062: 11050: 11037: 11025: 11009: 10985: 10983:, p. 156. 10973: 10955: 10937: 10843:shaʿir eḥṣeinī 10834: 10818: 10803: 10801:(2020), p. 357 10791: 10779: 10764: 10751: 10733: 10731:, p. 150. 10721: 10708: 10695: 10663:Prunus persica 10642: 10626: 10601: 10588: 10572: 10548: 10527: 10525:(2000), p. 286 10514: 10494: 10478: 10457: 10435:the same word 10396: 10388:Pere calaprice 10375: 10262: 10249: 10237: 10224: 10207: 10182: 10139: 10115: 10070: 10058: 10045: 10025: 10012: 9987: 9985:, p. 143. 9975: 9914:Samson of Sens 9884: 9871: 9858: 9846: 9809: 9797: 9764: 9751: 9733: 9668: 9666:, p. 140. 9653: 9635:Bamme Madlikin 9611: 9593:J. Payne Smith 9572: 9554: 9541: 9523: 9511: 9494: 9492:, p. 132. 9482: 9467: 9403: 9401:, p. 130. 9391: 9379: 9370: 9352: 9340: 9323: 9311: 9309:(2020), p. 314 9298: 9286: 9248: 9218:Materia Medica 9186: 9169: 9156: 9140: 9085: 9068: 9050: 9033: 9027:is also named 8996: 8994:, p. 121. 8981: 8958: 8942: 8924: 8922:, p. 118. 8912: 8889: 8873: 8860: 8848: 8830: 8828:, p. 117. 8818: 8797: 8795:, p. 116. 8785: 8772: 8731: 8713: 8668: 8644:Smith, William 8619: 8598: 8576:8:1, explains 8533: 8531:, p. 115. 8518: 8494:Marcus Jastrow 8478:(1903) in her 8447: 8427: 8386: 8368: 8356: 8332: 8295: 8279: 8277:, p. 114. 8267: 8254: 8246:Brassica napus 8242:Brassica napus 8233:Brassica napus 8203: 8195:Brassica napus 8170: 8117: 8115:, p. 111. 8105: 8024: 8011: 7990: 7972: 7970:, p. 109. 7960: 7948: 7930: 7897: 7895:, p. 108. 7885: 7864: 7855: 7843: 7827:Aramaic Targum 7801: 7792: 7773: 7755: 7740: 7738:, p. 107. 7728: 7711: 7695: 7683: 7664: 7652: 7635: 7622: 7602: 7590: 7561: 7549: 7532: 7507: 7486: 7462: 7405: 7345: 7320: 7307: 7295: 7263: 7199: 7183: 7163: 7143: 7122: 7106: 7094: 7074: 7062: 7050: 7037: 7025: 7015: 7003: 6997:, also called 6978: 6966: 6957: 6942: 6914: 6898: 6886: 6873: 6857: 6840: 6828: 6815: 6798: 6757: 6720: 6704: 6692: 6675: 6657: 6645: 6611: 6595: 6583: 6563: 6550: 6516: 6504: 6483: 6465: 6453: 6437: 6420: 6397: 6380: 6360: 6340: 6328: 6319: 6306: 6273: 6257: 6239: 6227: 6214: 6202: 6181: 6160: 6142:. Compare the 6116: 6100: 6086: 6070: 6032: 5996:Smith, William 5957: 5913: 5901: 5888: 5879: 5867: 5850: 5841: 5820: 5761: 5749: 5721:ʻiyūn al-baqar 5687: 5634: 5591: 5578: 5574:Simeon Kayyara 5565: 5552: 5547:Secale cereale 5449: 5445:Rosh Hashannah 5430: 5414: 5405: 5396: 5387: 5375: 5361: 5337: 5328: 5311: 5299: 5290: 5278: 5274:Stillman, N.A. 5266: 5257: 5248: 5226: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5169: 5166: 5144: 5141: 5130:is a two-page 5109:British Museum 5076:Yihya al-Qafih 5071: 5068: 5032:), in Mishnah 5013: 5010: 4918:) by the name 4852:medieval times 4840:Main article: 4837: 4834: 4790: 4789: 4786: 4765: 4762: 4749: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4726: 4711: 4698: 4681: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4666: 4648: 4631: 4620: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4595: 4576: 4565: 4552: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4491: 4484: 4473: 4460: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4439: 4434: 4430:Vigna sinensis 4421: 4408: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4393: 4380: 4361: 4351:Avena sterilis 4342: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4327: 4326:(King's lily) 4320: 4307: 4300:Sweet clover ( 4294: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4279: 4270:Secale cereale 4261: 4240: 4233: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4208: 4204:Reseda luteola 4195: 4178: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4158: 4143: 4126: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4099: 4072: 4051: 4040: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4015: 4008: 3983: 3958: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3943: 3924: 3920:אלכראת' אלשאמי 3917: 3909:Syrian leeks ( 3906:אלכראת' אלשאמי 3903: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3884: 3871: 3860: 3837: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3822: 3811: 3800: 3787: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3755: 3742: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3727: 3716: 3703: 3685: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3670: 3647: 3634: 3623: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3608: 3593: 3578: 3571:White poplar ( 3565: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3542: 3539: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3524: 3517: 3512: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3466: 3453: 3440: 3427: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3401: 3388: 3363: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3348: 3341: 3334: 3321: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3300: 3293: 3284: 3271: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3256: 3243: 3230: 3226:Vigna sinensis 3217: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3198: 3189: 3176: 3167: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3143:which are the 3131: 3128: 3115: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3100: 3081: 3060: 3057: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3034: 3017: 3004: 2983: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2966:Inula helenium 2948: 2941: 2928: 2925: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2910: 2891: 2884:Hairy cowpea ( 2870: 2852: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2837: 2820: 2815: 2804: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2789: 2765: 2749: 2738: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2719:Plantago ovata 2706: 2703: 2690: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2655: 2646: 2633: 2630:Prunus mahaleb 2618: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2599: 2574: 2570:Brassica napus 2559: 2546: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2520: 2507: 2492: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2464: 2451: 2438: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2423: 2410: 2391: 2370: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2334: 2323: 2304: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2285: 2262: 2259: 2240: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2217: 2214:Crocus sativus 2202: 2198:Crocus sativus 2189: 2176: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2161: 2150: 2137: 2123: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2098: 2087: 2076: 2057: 2052: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2029: 2012: 1993: 1988: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1968: 1943: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1915: 1904: 1893: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1864: 1861: 1854: 1843: 1838: 1832: 1831: 1808: 1805:Carthamus spp. 1797: 1786: 1761: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1735: 1722: 1677:Sweet clover ( 1671: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1645: 1641:Brassica nigra 1624: 1607: 1602: 1596: 1595: 1584: 1577: 1566: 1553: 1548: 1542: 1541: 1522: 1503: 1482: 1469: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1445: 1442: 1431: 1426: 1420: 1419: 1412: 1405: 1398: 1394:Lactuca sativa 1385: 1370: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1353: 1340: 1327: 1322: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1299: 1292: 1280: 1275: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1258: 1237: 1234: 1229: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1212: 1205:Sycamore fig ( 1199: 1192:Sycamore fig ( 1186: 1181: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1140: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1117: 1114: 1104: 1091: 1086: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1046: 1040: 1039: 1028: 1003: 988: 975: 970: 964: 963: 960: 935: 924: 897: 892: 886: 885: 868: 851: 840: 829: 824: 818: 817: 804: 793: 781: 765: 760: 754: 753: 750: 739: 726: 713: 708: 702: 701: 697:Pyrus communis 676: 651: 624: 611: 606: 600: 599: 594: 589: 586: 583: 580: 558: 555: 528:, chapter 3. 349: 346: 319: 316: 256: 253: 229:Land of Israel 206: 205: 202: 201: 196: 192: 191: 188: 184: 183: 178: 174: 173: 170: 169: 166: 162: 161: 157: 156: 153: 149: 148: 146: 145: 141: 139: 135: 134: 129: 125: 124: 111: 104: 100: 99: 86: 80: 78: 74: 73: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 57: 49: 48: 45: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14168: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14108: 14106: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14031: 14029: 14025: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13983:Benjamin Anaw 13981: 13978: 13977:Zedekiah Anaw 13975: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13962: 13959: 13956: 13953: 13950: 13947: 13946: 13944: 13942: 13938: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13921: 13918: 13915: 13912: 13911: 13909: 13907: 13903: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13851:Aaron of York 13849: 13847: 13844: 13843: 13841: 13839: 13835: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13728: 13725: 13722: 13719: 13716: 13713: 13710: 13707: 13704: 13701: 13698: 13695: 13692: 13689: 13686: 13683: 13680: 13677: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13665: 13662: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13650: 13648: 13646: 13642: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13535:Chaim Paltiel 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13485: 13482: 13479: 13476: 13473: 13470: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13414: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13352: 13349: 13346: 13343: 13340: 13337: 13334: 13331: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13317: 13314: 13311: 13308: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13296: 13294: 13292: 13288: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13271:Moshe Chalava 13269: 13267: 13264: 13261: 13258: 13255: 13252: 13249: 13246: 13243: 13240: 13237: 13236:Aharon HaLevi 13234: 13232: 13229: 13227:(Baal HaMaor) 13226: 13223: 13220: 13219:Yonah Gerondi 13217: 13214: 13211: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13194: 13192: 13190: 13186: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13159:Isaac Aboab I 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13102: 13101:Meir Abulafia 13099: 13096: 13093: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13082: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13062: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13025: 13022: 13021: 13019: 13017: 13013: 13009: 13002: 12997: 12995: 12990: 12988: 12983: 12982: 12979: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12962: 12959: 12958: 12947: 12943: 12939: 12934: 12931: 12927: 12923: 12919: 12915: 12911: 12907: 12901: 12893: 12889: 12885: 12881: 12876: 12872: 12868: 12864: 12859: 12855: 12849: 12842: 12838: 12834: 12830: 12829:Sassoon, D.S. 12826: 12823: 12819: 12815: 12811: 12807: 12803: 12799: 12795: 12791: 12787: 12783: 12779: 12775: 12774: 12769: 12765: 12762: 12758: 12754: 12750: 12746: 12742: 12738: 12734: 12731:. Jerusalem: 12730: 12726: 12724: 12720:(1963–1967). 12719: 12715: 12711: 12707: 12702: 12699: 12695: 12691: 12687: 12683: 12679: 12675: 12671: 12667: 12663: 12659: 12653: 12645: 12641: 12637: 12633: 12629: 12625: 12621: 12617: 12616:Ibn al-Baitar 12613: 12609: 12605: 12601: 12600: 12595: 12591: 12587: 12583: 12579: 12578: 12573: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12559: 12557: 12551: 12547: 12543: 12539: 12535: 12532: 12528: 12525: 12521: 12517: 12516: 12511: 12508: 12504: 12500: 12496: 12492: 12488: 12484: 12480: 12475: 12472: 12468: 12464: 12460: 12456: 12452: 12448: 12444: 12440: 12436: 12432: 12428: 12425:(in Hebrew). 12424: 12423: 12417: 12414: 12410: 12406: 12400: 12396: 12392: 12388: 12384: 12380: 12376: 12370: 12366: 12365: 12360: 12356: 12352: 12348: 12344: 12340: 12336: 12332: 12328: 12324: 12320: 12316: 12312: 12308: 12304: 12300: 12296: 12293: 12287: 12283: 12282:Assaf, Simcha 12279: 12275: 12271: 12270:Assaf, Simcha 12267: 12263: 12257: 12249: 12245: 12241: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12225: 12221: 12217: 12213: 12210: 12206: 12202: 12198: 12194: 12190: 12187: 12183: 12177: 12171: 12167: 12163: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12144:(in Hebrew). 12143: 12139: 12135: 12131: 12129:965-217-174-3 12125: 12121: 12117: 12113: 12109: 12105: 12101: 12097: 12095: 12089: 12085: 12081: 12077: 12073: 12069: 12068: 12056: 12055:Sassoon, D.S. 12051: 12041: 12035: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12013: 12006: 12001: 11994: 11990: 11986: 11982: 11978: 11974: 11973: 11968: 11964: 11960: 11956: 11951: 11947: 11943: 11939: 11935: 11929: 11922: 11918: 11914: 11910: 11906: 11902: 11897: 11893: 11889: 11885: 11881: 11877: 11874:) in Mishnah 11873: 11869: 11865: 11859: 11852: 11848: 11844: 11843:Herbert Danby 11840: 11839: 11834: 11830: 11826: 11822: 11818: 11814: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11799:(1967), s.v. 11798: 11794: 11790: 11786: 11782: 11778: 11774: 11770: 11766: 11763:Based on the 11760: 11753: 11749: 11745: 11741: 11737: 11734:(1963), s.v. 11733: 11729: 11725: 11721: 11717: 11714: 11708: 11701: 11697: 11694: 11690: 11684: 11677: 11673: 11667: 11660: 11656: 11652: 11648: 11647: 11642: 11638: 11634: 11630: 11626: 11622: 11618: 11617: 11610: 11603: 11597: 11590: 11585: 11578: 11574: 11573:Ibn al-'Awwam 11568: 11561: 11557: 11553: 11548: 11542: 11536: 11529: 11526:(1924), s.v. 11525: 11520: 11513: 11508: 11501: 11496: 11489: 11485: 11479: 11472: 11468: 11464: 11458: 11451: 11447: 11443: 11442: 11435: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11414: 11407: 11406:Amar, Z. 2015 11402: 11395: 11394: 11389: 11385: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11365: 11364: 11359: 11355: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11339: 11335: 11331: 11330:Ibn al-Baitar 11327: 11323: 11319: 11315: 11311: 11307: 11303: 11299: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11281: 11274: 11271:(1924), s.v. 11270: 11265: 11258: 11253: 11246: 11245:Amar, Z. 2015 11241: 11234: 11228: 11222: 11218: 11214: 11210: 11204: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11184: 11177: 11174:(1921), s.v. 11173: 11168: 11161: 11157: 11156: 11150: 11143: 11142:Amar, Z. 2015 11138: 11131: 11127: 11124:(2006), s.v. 11123: 11117: 11110: 11104: 11097: 11093: 11089: 11085: 11081: 11080: 11075: 11071: 11066: 11059: 11058:Amar, Z. 2015 11054: 11047: 11041: 11034: 11029: 11022: 11018: 11013: 11006: 11002: 10999: 10995: 10989: 10982: 10981:Amar, Z. 2015 10977: 10970: 10966: 10965: 10959: 10952: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10934: 10933: 10928: 10927: 10922: 10918: 10914: 10910: 10906: 10902: 10898: 10894: 10890: 10886: 10882: 10878: 10874: 10870: 10866: 10862: 10858: 10854: 10850: 10849: 10844: 10838: 10831: 10825: 10823: 10815: 10814: 10807: 10800: 10795: 10788: 10787:Amar, Z. 2015 10783: 10776: 10771: 10769: 10761: 10755: 10748: 10744: 10743: 10737: 10730: 10729:Amar, Z. 2015 10725: 10718: 10712: 10705: 10699: 10692: 10688: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10664: 10660: 10656: 10652: 10646: 10639: 10636:(1924), s.v. 10635: 10630: 10623: 10619: 10615: 10611: 10605: 10598: 10592: 10585: 10582:(1967), s.v. 10581: 10576: 10569: 10565: 10561: 10558:(1963), s.v. 10557: 10552: 10545: 10541: 10537: 10534:According to 10531: 10524: 10518: 10512: 10508: 10504: 10498: 10491: 10488:(1924), s.v. 10487: 10482: 10475: 10471: 10467: 10461: 10454: 10450: 10446: 10442: 10441:Ibn al-'Awwam 10438: 10434: 10430: 10426: 10422: 10418: 10414: 10410: 10406: 10400: 10393: 10389: 10385: 10382:According to 10379: 10372: 10368: 10364: 10360: 10356: 10352: 10348: 10344: 10339: 10335: 10331: 10327: 10323: 10319: 10315: 10311: 10307: 10303: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10288: 10284: 10280: 10276: 10272: 10266: 10259: 10253: 10246: 10245:Amar, Z. 2015 10241: 10234: 10228: 10221: 10217: 10211: 10204: 10201:(1924), s.v. 10200: 10196: 10192: 10186: 10179: 10175: 10174: 10169: 10168: 10163: 10159: 10155: 10154: 10149: 10143: 10136: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10119: 10112: 10111: 10106: 10102: 10101: 10096: 10095: 10090: 10086: 10085: 10080: 10074: 10068: 10062: 10055: 10049: 10042: 10038: 10034: 10029: 10022: 10016: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9991: 9984: 9983:Amar, Z. 2015 9979: 9971: 9967: 9963: 9959: 9953: 9952: 9946: 9941: 9937: 9936: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9911: 9910: 9905: 9901: 9897: 9893: 9888: 9881: 9875: 9868: 9862: 9855: 9854:Amar, Z. 2015 9850: 9843: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9827: 9824:), while the 9823: 9819: 9813: 9806: 9801: 9794: 9790: 9786: 9782: 9778: 9774: 9768: 9761: 9755: 9748: 9744: 9743: 9737: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9718: 9714: 9713: 9708: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9692: 9688: 9684: 9680: 9679: 9672: 9665: 9664:Amar, Z. 2015 9660: 9658: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9641: 9636: 9632: 9631: 9626: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9608: 9604: 9600: 9599: 9594: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9576: 9569: 9565: 9564: 9558: 9551: 9545: 9538: 9534: 9533: 9527: 9520: 9519:Amar, Z. 2015 9515: 9508: 9504: 9498: 9491: 9490:Amar, Z. 2015 9486: 9479: 9478: 9471: 9464: 9460: 9459: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9421:Rosh Hashanah 9418: 9413: 9407: 9400: 9399:Amar, Z. 2015 9395: 9388: 9383: 9374: 9367: 9363: 9362: 9356: 9349: 9348:Amar, Z. 2015 9344: 9337: 9333: 9327: 9320: 9319:Amar, Z. 2015 9315: 9308: 9302: 9295: 9290: 9283: 9282: 9277: 9276: 9271: 9267: 9263: 9259: 9258: 9252: 9245: 9244:סקולו פנדריון 9241: 9237: 9233: 9229: 9228: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9212:mentioned in 9211: 9207: 9206:Ibn al-Baitar 9203: 9199: 9195: 9190: 9183: 9179: 9173: 9166: 9160: 9153: 9149: 9144: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9128:Rosh Hashanah 9125: 9121: 9117: 9113: 9112: 9107: 9103: 9099: 9095: 9089: 9082: 9078: 9077:Rosh Hashanah 9072: 9065: 9061: 9060: 9054: 9047: 9043: 9037: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9014: 9010: 9006: 9000: 8993: 8992:Amar, Z. 2015 8988: 8986: 8978: 8977:Midrash Rabba 8974: 8973: 8968: 8962: 8955: 8952:(1924), s.v. 8951: 8946: 8939: 8935: 8934: 8928: 8921: 8920:Amar, Z. 2015 8916: 8909: 8908: 8903: 8899: 8893: 8887: 8883: 8877: 8870: 8864: 8858: 8852: 8845: 8841: 8840: 8834: 8827: 8826:Amar, Z. 2015 8822: 8815: 8811: 8810: 8804: 8802: 8794: 8793:Amar, Z. 2015 8789: 8782: 8776: 8769: 8768: 8763: 8759: 8758:Gustaf Dalman 8755: 8754: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8735: 8728: 8724: 8723: 8717: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8682: 8678: 8672: 8665: 8661: 8660:Ibn al-Baitar 8657: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8629: 8626:According to 8623: 8616: 8612: 8611: 8605: 8603: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8571: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8547: 8543: 8537: 8530: 8529:Amar, Z. 2015 8525: 8523: 8515: 8511: 8510:William Smith 8507: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8457: 8451: 8444: 8440: 8434: 8432: 8424: 8423: 8418: 8417: 8416:Ma'aser Sheni 8412: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8390: 8383: 8379: 8378: 8372: 8365: 8364:Amar, Z. 2015 8360: 8353: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8336: 8329: 8325: 8321: 8317: 8309: 8305: 8299: 8292: 8289:(1924), s.v. 8288: 8283: 8276: 8275:Amar, Z. 2015 8271: 8264: 8258: 8251: 8250:Brassica rapa 8247: 8243: 8239: 8235: 8234: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8207: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8174: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8121: 8114: 8113:Amar, Z. 2015 8109: 8102: 8098: 8097:Modern Hebrew 8094: 8090: 8086: 8082: 8078: 8075: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8050:diverse kinds 8046: 8042: 8038: 8034: 8028: 8021: 8015: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7994: 7987: 7983: 7982: 7976: 7969: 7968:Amar, Z. 2015 7964: 7957: 7952: 7945: 7941: 7940: 7934: 7927: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7911: 7907: 7901: 7894: 7893:Amar, Z. 2015 7889: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7868: 7859: 7852: 7851:Amar, Z. 2015 7847: 7840: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7813:(2006), s.v. 7812: 7805: 7796: 7789: 7786:(1924), s.v. 7785: 7780: 7778: 7770: 7766: 7765: 7759: 7752: 7751: 7744: 7737: 7736:Amar, Z. 2015 7732: 7725: 7721: 7715: 7708: 7705:(1921), s.v. 7704: 7699: 7692: 7691:Amar, Z. 2015 7687: 7680: 7679: 7674: 7668: 7661: 7660:Amar, Z. 2015 7656: 7649: 7645: 7639: 7632: 7626: 7619: 7615: 7611: 7606: 7597: 7595: 7587: 7579: 7571: 7565: 7559:, p. 54. 7558: 7557:Amar, Z. 2015 7553: 7546: 7542: 7536: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7520:Song of Songs 7517: 7511: 7504: 7503: 7498: 7497: 7490: 7483: 7482: 7477: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7446:Hil. Berakhot 7443: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7426:Mishneh Torah 7423: 7419: 7415: 7409: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7387:Ibn al-Baitar 7384: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7360: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7324: 7317: 7311: 7305:, p. 94. 7304: 7303:Amar, Z. 2015 7299: 7292: 7291: 7286: 7285: 7280: 7276: 7275:Ibn al-Baitar 7272: 7267: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7239: 7234: 7230: 7226: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7196: 7193:(1924), s.v. 7192: 7187: 7180: 7176: 7173:(1963), s.v. 7172: 7167: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7147: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7119: 7115: 7110: 7104:, p. 89. 7103: 7102:Amar, Z. 2015 7098: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7078: 7072: 7066: 7059: 7054: 7047: 7041: 7032: 7030: 7019: 7013:, p. 88. 7012: 7011:Amar, Z. 2015 7007: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6982: 6976: 6970: 6961: 6955:, p. 86. 6954: 6953:Amar, Z. 2015 6949: 6947: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6918: 6911: 6907: 6902: 6896:, p. 83. 6895: 6894:Amar, Z. 2015 6890: 6883: 6877: 6870: 6866: 6861: 6855: 6851: 6850: 6844: 6837: 6836:Amar, Z. 2015 6832: 6825: 6819: 6812: 6808: 6802: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6761: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6724: 6717: 6714:(1924), s.v. 6713: 6708: 6702:, p. 77. 6701: 6700:Amar, Z. 2015 6696: 6689: 6685: 6679: 6672: 6668: 6667: 6661: 6655:, p. 76. 6654: 6653:Amar, Z. 2015 6649: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6615: 6609: 6605: 6599: 6593:, p. 64. 6592: 6591:Amar, Z. 2015 6587: 6580: 6579: 6574: 6567: 6560: 6554: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6513: 6508: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6487: 6480: 6476: 6475: 6469: 6462: 6461:Amar, Z. 2015 6457: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6434: 6430: 6424: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6407: 6401: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6364: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6344: 6338:, p. 53. 6337: 6336:Amar, Z. 2015 6332: 6323: 6316: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6296: 6295: 6294: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6280: 6279: 6270: 6266: 6261: 6254: 6250: 6249: 6243: 6237:, p. 51. 6236: 6235:Amar, Z. 2015 6231: 6224: 6218: 6211: 6210:Amar, Z. 2015 6206: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6164: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6127: 6120: 6113: 6109: 6104: 6097: 6090: 6083: 6080: 6074: 6067: 6063: 6062:Vat. ebr. 133 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6042:(1924), s.v. 6041: 6036: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6012:Ibn al-Baitar 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5961: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5945:bergamot mint 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5917: 5910: 5905: 5898: 5892: 5883: 5877:, p. 43. 5876: 5875:Amar, Z. 2015 5871: 5864: 5860: 5854: 5845: 5838: 5834: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5796: 5791: 5790: 5785: 5784: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5768:In the above 5765: 5758: 5757:Amar, Z. 2015 5753: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5695:Ibn al-'Awwam 5691: 5684: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5651:Seder Zera'im 5648: 5644: 5638: 5632:1:4, note 34. 5631: 5627: 5623: 5620:). See Rabbi 5619: 5618: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5595: 5588: 5582: 5575: 5569: 5562: 5556: 5549: 5548: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5434: 5427: 5423: 5418: 5409: 5400: 5391: 5384: 5379: 5371: 5365: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5345:Assaf, Simcha 5341: 5332: 5325: 5321: 5315: 5308: 5303: 5294: 5287: 5282: 5275: 5270: 5261: 5252: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5235: 5230: 5221: 5219: 5214: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5140: 5138: 5137:El ha-Meqorot 5133: 5129: 5124: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5091: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5077: 5067: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5009: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4934: 4933:Quercus suber 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4848:Modern Hebrew 4843: 4842:Modern Hebrew 4833: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4816: 4815:Viola odorata 4811: 4807: 4803: 4802: 4797: 4787: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4755:Cauliflower ( 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4730: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4707:Beta vulgaris 4702: 4699: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4665: 4657: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4640: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4599: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4577: 4574: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4513: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4498: 4492: 4489: 4485: 4482: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4453: 4450: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4431: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4418: 4417:Pisum sativum 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4311: 4310:שקאיק אלנעמאן 4308: 4305: 4304: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4249: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4236:סנבלת אלת'עלב 4234: 4232: 4229: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4217: 4216:Shejar Maryam 4212: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4189: 4188: 4187:Curcuma longa 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4111: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4073: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4032: 4026: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4004:Pyrus syriaca 3997: 3993: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3974: 3969: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3894: 3893: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3828: 3827: 3823: 3820: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3778: 3777: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3752: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3725: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3676: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3663:, others say 3662: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3632: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3606: 3605:Dyer's madder 3602: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3576: 3575: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3520:עמרניתא דערבה 3518: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3410: 3407:Poppy seeds ( 3405: 3402: 3399: 3398: 3394:Poppy seeds ( 3392: 3389: 3386: 3385: 3384:P. somniferum 3381:Poppy seeds ( 3379: 3374: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3342: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3327:Lablab bean ( 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3312: 3311: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3262: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3130:unidentified 3129: 3126: 3125: 3121:Aleppo pine ( 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3071: 3070: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3008: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2993: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2967: 2962: 2961: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2939: 2938: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2887:Vigna luteola 2881: 2880: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2863: 2862: 2861:Vigna radiata 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2821: 2816: 2813: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2714: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2665: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650:which exudes 2647: 2644: 2643: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2590: 2585: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2537: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2503: 2502: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2406:Rumex acetosa 2402: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2295: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2283: 2278: 2271: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2159: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2107:Pyrus syriaca 2102: 2099: 2096: 2091: 2088: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2067:Sycamore figs 2065: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2002: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1964:Vicia ervilia 1959: 1954: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1873: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1834: 1833: 1829: 1827: 1818: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1779:Castor bean ( 1777: 1772: 1771: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1744: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1714: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1662: 1661: 1657: 1654: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1635: 1634: 1628: 1625: 1618: 1617: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1576: 1575: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1559:Sweet Basil ( 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1544: 1543: 1539: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1444:unidentified 1443: 1440: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1377: 1371: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1295:אלדלאע אלמצרי 1293: 1291: 1290: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1263: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1247: 1246:Assyrian plum 1243: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1170:"white figs" 1169: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1156: 1151: 1150: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1131: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1082: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1072:Beta vulgaris 1066: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1021: 1014: 1013: 1007: 1004: 1001: 996: 992: 989: 986: 985: 979: 976: 974: 971: 966: 965: 961: 958: 953: 946: 945: 939: 936: 933: 928: 925: 923: 921: 920: 916:Lablab bean ( 913: 908: 907: 901: 898: 896: 893: 888: 887: 882: 878: 874: 869: 865: 861: 857: 852: 848: 847: 841: 838: 833: 830: 828: 825: 820: 819: 815: 809: 805: 802: 797: 794: 791: 790: 785: 782: 775: 774: 769: 766: 764: 761: 756: 755: 751: 748: 743: 740: 737: 736: 730: 727: 724: 723: 717: 714: 712: 709: 704: 703: 699: 698: 691: 686: 680: 677: 674: 669: 662: 661: 660:Pyrus syriaca 655: 652: 649: 648: 640: 639: 634: 628: 625: 622: 621: 620:Pyrus syriaca 615: 612: 610: 607: 602: 601: 598: 595: 593: 590: 587: 584: 581: 578: 577: 571: 568: 564: 554: 552: 551: 546: 542: 538: 534: 529: 527: 523: 520: 516: 512: 509:) Berakhot, ( 508: 507:Seder Zera'im 504: 500: 496: 491: 489: 488:Kitāb al-Ḥāwī 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 452: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 381:Av ha-Yeshiva 378: 374: 370: 365: 364: 359: 355: 345: 343: 338: 336: 331: 330: 329:Seder Taharot 325: 315: 313: 309: 305: 301: 300: 295: 291: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 267: 263: 252: 250: 246: 245:Jund Filastin 242: 239:who lived in 238: 234: 230: 225: 220: 216: 212: 203: 200: 197: 193: 189: 185: 182: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 160:Jewish leader 158: 154: 150: 143: 142: 140: 136: 133: 130: 126: 122: 118: 117:Bilad al-Sham 114: 113:Jund Filastin 108: 105: 101: 97: 93: 92:Bilad al-Sham 89: 88:Jund Filastin 79: 75: 70: 66: 62: 55: 50: 43: 38: 33: 19: 14074: 14046:(Lekach Tov) 13931:Isaac Tyrnau 13773:Israel Bruna 13721:Meir HaKohen 13474:(Ri HaZaken) 13441:Rabbeinu Tam 13382:Joseph Caspi 13179:Abraham Saba 13079:Judah Halevi 13024:Isaac Alfasi 13016:North Africa 12937: 12917: 12891: 12879: 12862: 12832: 12813: 12797: 12772: 12752: 12748: 12721: 12705: 12689: 12669: 12643: 12619: 12598: 12576: 12562: 12555: 12541: 12530: 12514: 12506: 12482: 12478: 12470: 12450: 12426: 12420: 12412: 12394: 12363: 12326: 12322: 12302: 12292:Kiryat Sefer 12291: 12288:(in Hebrew). 12285: 12273: 12239: 12219: 12196: 12165: 12145: 12141: 12115: 12091: 12075: 12064:Bibliography 12050: 12040: 12029: 12025: 12021: 12012: 12000: 11992: 11988: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11970: 11958: 11954: 11949: 11945: 11937: 11928: 11920: 11917:Mishne Torah 11900: 11887: 11875: 11871: 11863: 11858: 11850: 11846: 11836: 11828: 11821:zaatar farsi 11820: 11816: 11808: 11804: 11800: 11792: 11788: 11784: 11772: 11765:Judeo-Arabic 11759: 11751: 11747: 11739: 11735: 11723: 11715: 11707: 11699: 11695: 11692: 11688: 11683: 11666: 11658: 11650: 11644: 11636: 11632: 11625:4. Rose Wine 11614: 11609: 11601: 11596: 11584: 11567: 11559: 11547: 11540: 11535: 11527: 11519: 11511: 11507: 11495: 11478: 11470: 11466: 11462: 11457: 11445: 11439: 11434: 11426: 11425:in Italian, 11422: 11413: 11401: 11391: 11387: 11371: 11367: 11363:Umbelliferae 11361: 11353: 11349: 11345: 11337: 11317: 11313: 11312:by the name 11309: 11305: 11289: 11285: 11280: 11272: 11264: 11259:, s.v. תלתן. 11256: 11252: 11240: 11227: 11220: 11216: 11212: 11208: 11203: 11196: 11193:Baba Metzi'a 11192: 11188: 11183: 11175: 11167: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11137: 11129: 11125: 11116: 11108: 11103: 11095: 11091: 11087: 11083: 11077: 11073: 11065: 11053: 11045: 11040: 11028: 11020: 11016: 11012: 11004: 11000: 10988: 10976: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10948: 10940: 10930: 10924: 10920: 10916: 10912: 10908: 10904: 10888: 10884: 10880: 10876: 10872: 10868: 10864: 10860: 10856: 10851:K.Koch. See 10846: 10842: 10837: 10829: 10811: 10806: 10794: 10782: 10759: 10754: 10746: 10741: 10736: 10724: 10716: 10711: 10698: 10690: 10682: 10674: 10670: 10658: 10654: 10650: 10645: 10637: 10629: 10621: 10617: 10613: 10609: 10604: 10591: 10583: 10575: 10563: 10559: 10551: 10543: 10539: 10530: 10517: 10510: 10506: 10502: 10497: 10489: 10481: 10473: 10469: 10466:al-kummathra 10465: 10460: 10448: 10444: 10436: 10420: 10404: 10399: 10378: 10366: 10362: 10358: 10355:Judeo-Arabic 10346: 10342: 10329: 10325: 10301: 10294: 10286: 10282: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10265: 10257: 10252: 10240: 10232: 10227: 10219: 10216:Maaser Sheni 10215: 10210: 10202: 10194: 10190: 10185: 10171: 10167:Hedera helix 10165: 10161: 10151: 10147: 10142: 10130: 10122: 10118: 10108: 10098: 10094:Hedera helix 10092: 10088: 10082: 10078: 10073: 10066: 10061: 10053: 10048: 10040: 10036: 10028: 10020: 10015: 10007: 9999: 9990: 9978: 9961: 9957: 9949: 9939: 9933: 9929: 9925: 9921: 9917: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9891: 9887: 9879: 9874: 9866: 9861: 9849: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9821: 9817: 9812: 9800: 9792: 9784: 9780: 9767: 9759: 9754: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9728: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9698: 9694: 9682: 9676: 9671: 9644: 9638: 9634: 9628: 9622: 9614: 9606: 9602: 9596: 9588: 9584: 9580: 9575: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9549: 9544: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9514: 9506: 9502: 9497: 9485: 9475: 9470: 9462: 9456: 9448: 9444: 9440: 9436: 9428: 9424: 9416: 9412:Cairo Geniza 9406: 9394: 9382: 9373: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9343: 9335: 9331: 9326: 9314: 9301: 9289: 9279: 9273: 9269: 9265: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9225: 9221: 9217: 9209: 9201: 9197: 9189: 9181: 9177: 9172: 9164: 9159: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9119: 9109: 9105: 9093: 9088: 9080: 9076: 9071: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9041: 9036: 9028: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9008: 8999: 8970: 8961: 8953: 8945: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8915: 8905: 8901: 8892: 8885: 8881: 8876: 8868: 8863: 8857:סיטרג זרקופת 8856: 8851: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8821: 8813: 8808: 8788: 8780: 8775: 8765: 8761: 8751: 8748:Shlomo Adeni 8734: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8709:Seventh Year 8700: 8692: 8688: 8676: 8671: 8655: 8651: 8647: 8639: 8635: 8631: 8622: 8614: 8609: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8573: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8549: 8536: 8513: 8506:Immanuel Löw 8501: 8497: 8487: 8479: 8471: 8467: 8459: 8455: 8450: 8442: 8438: 8420: 8414: 8394: 8389: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8359: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8335: 8327: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8303: 8298: 8290: 8282: 8270: 8262: 8257: 8248:and turnip ( 8245: 8241: 8231: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8206: 8198: 8185:(Arabic for 8182: 8178: 8173: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8145: 8141: 8133: 8120: 8108: 8100: 8084: 8080: 8076: 8070:Cucumis melo 8065: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8044: 8036: 8032: 8027: 8019: 8014: 8006: 8002: 7993: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7963: 7951: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7921: 7917: 7913: 7900: 7888: 7872: 7867: 7858: 7846: 7838: 7834: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7804: 7795: 7787: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7748: 7743: 7731: 7714: 7706: 7698: 7686: 7676: 7667: 7655: 7647: 7643: 7638: 7630: 7625: 7617: 7613: 7605: 7585: 7577: 7569: 7564: 7552: 7544: 7540: 7535: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7510: 7500: 7494: 7489: 7479: 7473: 7465: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7408: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7366: 7356: 7348: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7323: 7315: 7310: 7298: 7288: 7282: 7278: 7266: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7236: 7224: 7219: 7211: 7207: 7202: 7194: 7186: 7174: 7166: 7158: 7154: 7146: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7125: 7117: 7109: 7097: 7089: 7085: 7077: 7070: 7065: 7053: 7045: 7040: 7018: 7006: 6990: 6986: 6981: 6974: 6969: 6960: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6917: 6909: 6901: 6889: 6881: 6876: 6868: 6860: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6831: 6823: 6818: 6810: 6806: 6801: 6793: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6760: 6748: 6740: 6736: 6728: 6723: 6715: 6707: 6695: 6687: 6683: 6678: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6648: 6640: 6627: 6614: 6607: 6603: 6598: 6586: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6553: 6545: 6537: 6527: 6519: 6507: 6495: 6486: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6456: 6449: 6445: 6440: 6429:banoth shuaḥ 6428: 6423: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6400: 6392: 6389:Avodah Zarah 6388: 6383: 6371: 6363: 6355: 6354:(describing 6351: 6347: 6343: 6331: 6322: 6314: 6309: 6302: 6298: 6297: 6293: 6291: 6283: 6282: 6278: 6277: 6268: 6260: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6230: 6222: 6217: 6205: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6184: 6176: 6168: 6163: 6151: 6147: 6135: 6131: 6126:Sefer ῾Arukh 6125: 6119: 6114:6:8 (p. 97). 6111: 6103: 6089: 6081: 6073: 6065: 6057: 6053: 6043: 6035: 6027: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5960: 5952: 5948: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5916: 5904: 5896: 5891: 5882: 5870: 5862: 5853: 5844: 5836: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5793: 5787: 5781: 5777: 5764: 5752: 5732: 5720: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5690: 5682: 5676: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5637: 5629: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5604:Judeo-Arabic 5599: 5594: 5586: 5581: 5568: 5559:Compiled by 5555: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5514:Avena sativa 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5452: 5444: 5437: 5433: 5426:Kiryat Sefer 5425: 5417: 5408: 5399: 5390: 5378: 5364: 5353:Isaac Alfasi 5349:Kiryat Sefer 5348: 5340: 5331: 5323: 5318:Besides the 5314: 5302: 5293: 5285: 5281: 5269: 5260: 5251: 5242: 5237: 5229: 5161: 5157: 5148: 5146: 5143:Publications 5136: 5132:Judeo-Arabic 5125: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5102:Kiryat Sefer 5101: 5083: 5073: 5063: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5017: 5015: 5005: 4997: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4927: 4919: 4913: 4907: 4901: 4897: 4885: 4879: 4875: 4867: 4859: 4855: 4845: 4827: 4823: 4820:Judeo-Arabic 4813: 4809: 4806:Judeo-Arabic 4799: 4793: 4778: 4773: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4733: 4728: 4718: 4713: 4705: 4700: 4694: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4663: 4655: 4650: 4633: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4602: 4597: 4589: 4584: 4572: 4567: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4510:Shevi'it 4:5 4501: 4496: 4487: 4480: 4475: 4467: 4462: 4456: 4451: 4436: 4428: 4423: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4387: 4382: 4375: 4369: 4365: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4335:Menahot 10:7 4322: 4314: 4309: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4276: 4268: 4263: 4255: 4247: 4243:סנבל אלת'עלב 4242: 4239:Fox's spike 4235: 4230: 4226:Menahot 10:7 4215: 4210: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4171:Shevi'it 7:2 4160: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4123: 4108: 4101: 4093: 4085: 4080: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4030: 4010: 4002: 3995: 3992:al-kummathra 3991: 3985: 3977: 3972: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3937: 3932: 3919: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3886: 3878: 3873: 3867: 3862: 3856: 3851: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3818: 3813: 3807: 3802: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3765: 3757: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3723: 3718: 3710: 3705: 3698: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3678:Shevi'it 7:6 3653: 3649: 3638: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3600: 3595: 3586: 3574:Populus alba 3572: 3567: 3562: 3558:Shevi'it 7:1 3536: 3519: 3507: 3499: 3488: 3473: 3468: 3460: 3455: 3447: 3442: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3408: 3403: 3395: 3390: 3382: 3377: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3356:Shevi'it 2:7 3347:Wild lupine 3343: 3340:Wild lupine 3337:אלתרמס אלברי 3336: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3302: 3295: 3286: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3264:Shevi'it 9:1 3250: 3245: 3237: 3232: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3201: 3183: 3178: 3171: 3164: 3148: 3134: 3133:“a genus of 3122: 3117: 3112: 3094: 3088: 3084: 3075: 3067: 3054: 3041: 3036: 3033:Sorb-apples 3029: 3024: 3019: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2964: 2958: 2951:סיטרג דרקונת 2950: 2935: 2934:Pepperwort ( 2930: 2922: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2885: 2877: 2872: 2869:(Mung bean) 2866: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2831: 2823:קרדי דומשתקי 2822: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2797:Shevi'it 9:5 2785: 2780: 2771: 2767: 2751: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2674: 2662: 2657: 2640: 2635: 2629: 2620: 2615: 2611:Shevi'it 7:1 2602: 2593: 2588: 2581: 2576: 2568: 2561: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2527: 2522: 2514: 2509: 2501:Cucumis melo 2499: 2494: 2489: 2471: 2466: 2458: 2453: 2447:Eruca sativa 2445: 2440: 2435: 2417: 2412: 2404: 2398: 2393: 2379: 2372: 2367: 2347: 2336: 2330: 2325: 2318: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2287:“similar to 2281: 2264: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2224: 2219: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2196: 2191: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2157: 2152: 2144: 2139: 2133: 2125: 2120: 2105: 2100: 2094: 2089: 2070: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2036: 2031: 2025: 2019: 2014: 2006: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1986:Shevi'it 7:6 1970: 1962: 1957: 1950: 1949:Wild emmer ( 1945: 1940: 1936:Menahot 10:7 1922: 1917: 1906: 1895: 1890: 1886:Shevi'it 9:1 1871: 1866: 1856: 1845: 1840: 1823: 1816: 1810: 1804: 1799: 1793: 1788: 1780: 1775: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1742: 1737: 1729: 1724: 1716: 1712: 1698: 1688: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1652: 1647: 1639: 1633:Sinapis alba 1631: 1626: 1616:Sinapis alba 1614: 1610:אלכ'רדל הא"י 1609: 1604: 1590: 1586: 1580: 1572: 1568: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1537: 1530: 1516: 1511: 1497: 1490: 1476: 1472:זהראת אלנבאת 1471: 1466: 1462:Shevi'it 9:1 1448: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1424:Shevi'it 7:2 1414: 1407: 1400: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1375: 1355: 1347: 1342: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1306: 1301: 1294: 1289:Cucumis melo 1287: 1286:Cultivar of 1283:בטיך' אלחבשי 1282: 1277: 1261: 1252: 1231: 1214: 1206: 1201: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1159: 1154: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1133:Shevi'it 5:1 1124: 1119: 1110: 1106: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1070: 1064: 1059: 1048: 1044:Shevi'it 7:2 1035: 1030: 1024: 1010: 1005: 999: 994: 990: 982: 977: 972: 956: 942: 937: 931: 926: 917: 915: 911: 904: 899: 894: 890:Shabbat 21:3 880: 872: 863: 855: 844: 831: 826: 813: 807: 800: 795: 787: 783: 771: 767: 762: 746: 742:אברתא בר המג 741: 733: 728: 720: 715: 710: 695: 689: 678: 672: 658: 653: 645: 636: 632: 626: 618: 613: 608: 596: 591: 582:Hebrew Word 560: 548: 544: 540: 536: 530: 525: 521: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 492: 487: 484:Isaac Alfasi 482:, and Rabbi 471: 449: 445: 442:Shimon Kiara 437: 434:Yehudai Gaon 429: 425: 418:Seleucid era 401:Judah HaNasi 392: 389:Judeo-Arabic 384: 380: 376: 369:Isaac Alfasi 361: 354:Judeo-Arabic 351: 339: 327: 321: 307: 297: 293: 286: 265: 261: 258: 223: 214: 210: 209: 106: 81:נתן בן אברהם 13951:(the Aruch) 13687:(Mordechai) 13620:Simeon Kara 13490:Bechor Shor 13341:(HaMichtam) 13316:David Kimhi 13197:Nachmanides 13140:(Migdal Oz) 13122:Joseph Albo 13097:(Ri Migash) 12729:Yosef Qafih 12686:Jastrow, M. 12640:A. Berliner 12319:Bos, Gerrit 12088:Yosef Qafih 12072:Al-Fasi, D. 11969:, from the 11967:Saadia Gaon 11934:Yosef Qafih 11838:The Mishnah 11829:zaatar rumi 11777:Al-Fasi, D. 11769:Saadia Gaon 11724:Sefer Arukh 11676:spiny broom 11621:violet wine 11512:Sefer Arukh 11450:horseradish 11429:in Spanish. 11393:staphylinus 11342:wild carrot 11336:, explains 11322:Dioscorides 11257:Sefer Arukh 11155:Sefer Arukh 11122:Jastrow, M. 11017:Sefer Arukh 10964:Sefer Arukh 10869:fox's spike 10742:Sefer Arukh 10616:instead of 10610:Sefer Arukh 10413:Yosef Qafih 10338:parent-text 10308:, they had 10222:6:9, et al. 10137:, in Yemen. 9922:Sefer Arukh 9892:Sefer Arukh 9742:Sefer Arukh 9705:that it is 9563:Sefer Arukh 9550:פתילת האידן 9532:Sefer Arukh 9361:Sefer Arukh 9266:Sefer Arukh 9257:Sefer Arukh 9214:Dioscorides 9148:Sefer Arukh 9102:Pinus pinea 9094:al-ṣanawbar 9059:Sefer Arukh 9023:, which in 9009:ʻakkābiyyōt 8933:Sefer Arukh 8839:Sefer Arukh 8809:Sefer Arukh 8722:Sefer Arukh 8707:during the 8610:Sefer Arukh 8552:51a), s.v. 8422:Oz ve-Hadar 8377:Sefer Arukh 8199:Sefer Arukh 8158:melephephon 8142:melephephon 8101:melephephon 8099:, the word 8054:melephephon 8037:melephephon 7981:Sefer Arukh 7939:Sefer Arukh 7811:Jastrow, M. 7764:Sefer Arukh 7516:Saadia Gaon 7414:Saadia Gaon 7343:1:1, et al. 7238:Sefer Arukh 7023:appearance. 6999:Leguminosae 6991:al-ḥindaqūq 6987:al-ḥandaqūq 6849:Sefer Arukh 6809:of Mishnah 6690:1:2, et al. 6666:Sefer Arukh 6474:Sefer Arukh 6446:Baba Bathra 6391:1:5 and in 6348:Sefer Arukh 6292:Sefer Arukh 6248:Sefer Arukh 6169:Sefer Arukh 6022:(1806), p. 5931:(= iris) + 5622:Yosef Qafih 5370:Yosef Qafih 5160:. In 1973, 5104:, in 1933. 4946:garden peas 4784:Cauliflower 4742:Kila'im 1:3 4717:Goosefoot ( 4674:Kila'im 1:3 4658:= Thistle) 4613:Pesahim 2:6 4601:Fenugreek ( 4571:Fenugreek ( 4558:Fenugreek ( 4545:Kila'im 2:5 4494:similar to: 4414:Field pea ( 4401:Kila'im 1:1 4297:אכליל אלמלך 4287:Kila'im 5:8 4275:Others say 4252:Wild barley 4023:Terumot 3:1 3951:Kila'im 1:4 3914:var. kurrat 3868:Convolvulus 3846:Convolvulus 3830:Kila'im 5:8 3780:Kila'im 5:8 3735:Kila'im 5:8 3706:עוד אלבלסאן 3537:פתילת המדבר 3532:Shabbat 2:1 3489:פתילת העידן 3484:Shabbat 2:1 3420:Kila'im 1:4 3314:Kila'im 1:3 3249:Fava bean ( 3236:Fava bean ( 3210:Kila'im 1:1 3202:Sefer Arukh 3139:Aleppo pine 2947:(potherb)” 2876:Mung bean ( 2858:Mung bean ( 2845:Kila'im 1:1 2770:, which is 2621:נואר אלמחלב 2539:Kila'im 1:3 2498:Muskmelon ( 2485:Kila'im 1:2 2470:Horehound ( 2431:Kila'im 1:5 2386:“A kind of 2376:Beet roots 2363:Kila'im 1:3 2297:Sheviit 7:6 2233:Sheviit 5:2 2116:Kila'im 1:3 1974:Wild wheat 1971:אלקמח אלברי 1921:Asparagus ( 1836:Kila'im 1:1 1822:Safflower ( 1803:Safflower ( 1792:Safflower ( 1767:Safflower ( 1754:Kila'im 2:8 1664:Pesahim 2:6 1600:Kila'im 1:2 1485:“a kind of 1368:Kila'im 1:2 1320:Kila'im 1:4 1273:Kila'im 1:2 941:Chickpeas ( 930:Chickpeas ( 903:Chickpeas ( 758:Kila'im 5:8 604:Kila'im 1:4 592:Sefer Arukh 588:Maimonides 511:Seder Mo'ed 393:qāl ğāmiʿuh 377:Sefer Arukh 342:Yosef Qafih 299:Av Beit Din 181:Av Beit Din 14105:Categories 14065:Moses Taku 13988:Judah Anav 13922:(Or Zarua) 13813:Jacob Weil 13335:(HaManhig) 13310:Gersonides 13250:(Tashbatz) 13074:Maimonides 12822:1041776317 12718:Maimonides 12527:Gil, Moshe 12383:1040774903 12084:Alfasi, I. 11872:אַסְפְּתֵי 11797:Maimonides 11732:Maimonides 11657:, and two 11354:Shah atarj 10873:שבולת שועל 10580:Maimonides 10566:2:6. See: 10556:Maimonides 10417:Maimonides 10367:al-farṭemī 10233:chefáloton 10158:Zohar Amar 9909:ʿakaviyyot 9603:Syrian rue 9587:(Aramaic: 9019:, thus to 8677:sinnariyot 8648:sisymbrium 8640:thymbraeum 8636:Sisymbrium 8590:pennyroyal 8562:pennyroyal 8516:(=savory). 8318:, variant 8228:Zohar Amar 8140:explained 8138:Maimonides 8136:1:2) that 8085:al-khiyyar 8009:(מארוביו). 7924:, meaning 7620:(= pears). 7618:al-anabrud 7610:Alfasi, I. 7434:wild emmer 7171:Maimonides 6733:Zohar Amar 6108:Maimonides 6028:sisymbrium 6000:sisymbrium 5937:sayasnabir 5770:diachronic 5713: [ 5701:author of 5699:Andalusian 5626:Maimonides 5466:שבולת שועל 5357:Maimonides 5210:References 5149:El Meqorot 5052:Maimonides 5002:egg-plants 4900:(formerly 4661:others say 4628:al-shaylam 4594:Fenugreek 4447:Kelim 14:5 4323:שושנת המלך 4292:שושנת המלך 4231:שבולת שועל 4184:Turmeric ( 4086:al-khiyyar 4011:גרוסומיל"י 3896:Uktzin 1:2 3890:(a thorn) 3866:Bindweed ( 3843:Bindweed ( 3616:Uktzin 2:2 3252:Vicia faba 3239:Vicia faba 3172:ʿaqrabitha 3050:Uktzin 3:2 3040:Hawthorn ( 3010:Hawthorn ( 2989:Hawthorn ( 2918:Uktzin 3:4 2776:pennyroyal 2731:Uktzin 2:2 2654:when cut" 2528:melopeppon 2513:Cucumber ( 2403:; Sorrel ( 2329:Chestnut ( 2310:Chestnut ( 2265:קאולוקאס"ו 2169:Niddah 2:6 2050:Uktzin 1:6 1824:Carthamus 1743:ḥarḥabīnīn 1710:others say 1700:Trigonella 1546:Uktzin 3:5 1536:Purslane ( 1515:Purslane ( 1278:דלעת מצרית 1097:Saltwort ( 1084:Niddah 9:6 1069:beetroot ( 732:Marjoram ( 719:Marjoram ( 706:Uktzin 2:2 563:Maimonides 557:Vocabulary 318:Commentary 165:Profession 152:Profession 119:province, 115:district, 94:province, 90:district, 14027:Elsewhere 13717:(Rokeach) 13711:(Raavyah) 13705:(Ra'aven) 13699:(Maharil) 13329:(HaIttur) 13322:Abba Mari 13189:Catalonia 12930:650852958 12888:Smith, W. 12810:Qafih, Y. 12786:251355373 12761:233403923 12741:741081810 12698:614562238 12652:cite book 12628:957197903 12608:780050566 12586:476348685 12351:171046217 12311:745167494 12256:cite book 12248:783455868 12228:783455868 12209:713933314 12164:(2011a). 12104:745065428 11629:Geoponica 11484:Palestine 11388:gingidion 11368:Gingidium 11350:Gingidium 11338:Gingidium 11318:Gingidium 11290:الشَيْلَم 11079:Phaseolus 10877:al-shaʿir 10474:al-’inğās 10437:al-barqūq 10433:Andalusia 10405:al-barqūq 10371:Babylonia 10363:קרוסטמלין 10347:al-faṭūmī 10343:קרוסטמלין 10334:rootstock 10326:Ma'aserot 10306:Sepphoris 10283:קרוסטמלין 10275:קרוסטמלין 10123:Al-ʿalfiq 10000:qannāriya 9844:(balsam). 9834:al-kāffūr 9822:as-samigh 9697:101b and 9695:Baba Kama 9624:Verbascum 9503:Ma'aserot 9025:Palestine 8701:Baba Kama 8443:Ma'aserot 8425:edition). 8304:neṣ ḥalav 8181:as being 8166:al-fakous 7997:Based on 7436:(Arabic: 7375:qurshiyah 7363:Ibn Sidah 7255:Ma'aserot 7195:Tebul Yom 7131:Tebul Yom 6935:Ma'aserot 6794:neṣ ḥalab 6782:neṣ ḥalab 6633:rootstock 6198:Tevul Yom 6152:asparagos 6020:Geoponika 5980:. In the 5941:Lamiaceae 5816:midrashic 5789:midrashic 5711:al-’inğāṣ 5612:al-’inğāṣ 5600:al-’inğāṣ 5598:The word 5587:Ma'aserot 5422:Assaf, S. 5383:Qafih, Y. 5234:Assaf, S. 4964:fenugreek 4960:therūḇtor 4940:(der. of 4924:fenugreek 4915:Trifolium 4872:New World 4856:melafefon 4637:Endives ( 4525:בנות שקמה 4313:Anemone ( 4303:Melilotus 4119:Demai 1:1 3996:al-’inğās 3976:Apricot ( 3956:קרוסטמלין 3857:al-ʿalfiq 3762:Artichoke 3688:אלאסטיראק 3643:Lamiaceae 3391:אלכ'שכ'אש 3378:אלכ'שכ'אס 3369:Sorghum ( 3108:Tamid 2:3 2976:Demai 1:1 2761:Lamiaceae 2715:in Arabic 2670:artichoke 2661:Thistle ( 2639:Parsley ( 2595:Pastinaca 2592:Parsnip ( 2562:פג'ל שאמי 2373:שרשי הסלק 2289:colocasia 2223:Saffron ( 2212:Saffron ( 2195:Saffron ( 2182:Saffron ( 2001:al-kāffūr 1910:Pigweed ( 1899:Pigweed ( 1725:אלקרצעינא 1713:אלקרצעונה 1690:Trifolium 1680:Melilotus 1569:אלדארציני 1391:Lettuce ( 1262:lambrusco 1227:Demai 1:1 1184:בנות שקמה 1179:Demai 1:1 1111:al-ghāsūl 1034:Boxwood ( 1009:Boxwood ( 998:Boxwood ( 981:Boxwood ( 881:asparagos 864:asparagos 796:סוסימבר"ו 690:kummathra 638:al-barqūq 515:fig-cakes 335:diachrony 304:Palestine 262:the Pious 255:Biography 243:, in the 227:) in the 195:Residence 13468:(Yereim) 13312:(Ralbag) 13306:(Raavad) 13291:Provence 13244:(Rivash) 13215:(Rashba) 13008:Rishonim 12946:24345785 12900:citation 12871:24346981 12848:citation 12841:71513156 12796:(1951). 12770:(1903). 12678:32307172 12638:(1896). 12596:(1864). 12574:(1802). 12565:- vol. 2 12558:- vol. 1 12550:13977130 12538:Hai Gaon 12529:(1983). 12520:Owen, T. 12463:19497945 12449:(1973). 12435:23585385 12361:(2013). 12284:(1955). 12238:(2015). 12236:Amar, Z. 12218:(2012). 12216:Amar, Z. 12193:Amar, Z. 12162:Amar, Z. 12154:24330601 12138:Amar, Z. 12114:(2000). 12112:Amar, Z. 12086:(1960). 11995:, p. 6). 11901:aspethei 11864:aspethei 11847:Negai'im 11835:). See: 11771:(in his 11738:3:3 and 11720:Amar, Z. 11659:sextarii 11646:sextarii 11602:Shevi'it 11552:Amar, Z. 11524:Hai Gaon 11500:Amar, Z. 11298:Amar, Z. 11269:Hai Gaon 11189:Shevi'it 11172:Hai Gaon 11084:al-Ǧāmaʿ 11070:Amar, Z. 11033:Amar, Z. 10945:Amar, Z. 10932:Aegilops 10775:Amar, Z. 10719:(Jujube) 10675:shizǝfīn 10659:Kil'ayim 10657:Mishnah 10634:Hai Gaon 10568:Amar, Z. 10562:1:2 and 10523:Amar, Z. 10486:Hai Gaon 10476:= pear). 10470:אלאנג'אץ 10425:Amar, Z. 10328:1:3 and 10199:Hai Gaon 10178:Amar, Z. 10127:treebine 10105:Amar, Z. 10033:Amar, Z. 10023:9:7; 2:5 9970:40542757 9930:אבאדנגאן 9906:and the 9805:Amar, Z. 9785:qūrniyya 9707:g(u)esde 9619:Amar, Z. 9417:Shevi'it 9387:Amar, Z. 9334:1:2 and 9294:Amar, Z. 9222:ʿaqrabān 9210:asplênos 9194:Amar, Z. 9165:Shevi'it 9116:Amar, Z. 9098:pine nut 9042:ʻakkabit 8950:Hai Gaon 8781:al-aqṭan 8762:sinnāria 8689:sinnaria 8574:Shevi'it 8514:Satureia 8441:8:1 and 8439:Shevi'it 8340:Amar, Z. 8287:Hai Gaon 8238:Amar, Z. 8183:al-jazar 8079:1:2 and 8007:marrubio 7956:Amar, Z. 7922:armuelle 7784:Hai Gaon 7724:Amar, Z. 7703:Hai Gaon 7470:Amar, Z. 7460:(vetch). 7454:al-`alas 7440:), with 7438:al-`alas 7391:al-ʿalas 7371:Al-'alas 7353:Amar, Z. 7316:Shevi'it 7271:Amar, Z. 7259:yarbūzīn 7251:Shevi'it 7225:yarbūzīn 7212:yarbūzīn 7208:yarbūzīn 7191:Hai Gaon 7151:Amar, Z. 7114:Hai Gaon 7082:Amar, Z. 6995:Fabaceae 6931:Shevi'it 6906:Hai Gaon 6865:Hai Gaon 6854:חלגלוגות 6811:Shevi'it 6774:ḥalbiṣin 6770:Shevi'it 6741:al-rāziq 6712:Hai Gaon 6620:grafting 6512:Amar, Z. 6496:Berakhot 6433:Amar, Z. 6406:Berakhot 6368:Hai Gaon 6265:Hai Gaon 6171:, Rabbi 6158:tithe)." 6140:Hai Gaon 6040:Hai Gaon 5986:susimbro 5921:Amar, Z. 5909:Amar, Z. 5833:Hai Gaon 5804:endocarp 5800:mesocarp 5733:Berakhot 5608:אלאנג'אץ 5498:al-sāfeh 5458:Amar, Z. 5307:Amar, Z. 5168:See also 5060:Hai Gaon 5042:5:1 and 5040:op. cit. 4998:ḥatzilīm 4894:turmeric 4860:kishū’īm 4779:qarnabiṭ 4752:אלקרנביט 4684:מיני סלק 4500:Bamboo ( 4479:Bamboo ( 4466:Bamboo ( 4427:Cowpea ( 4383:אספילת"א 4377:Aegilops 4248:שעיר ברי 4211:שגר מרים 4161:פולצרק"י 4153:Jujube ( 4105:Cucumber 4090:Cucumber 3990:“Pears ( 3986:אלכמת'רי 3961:אלכמת'רי 3758:אלקנאריה 3745:אבאדנגאן 3722:Balsam ( 3709:Balsam ( 3665:Satureja 3583:dyestuff 3472:Quince ( 3459:Quince ( 3446:Quince ( 3443:אלספרג'ל 3433:Quince ( 3430:אלספרג'ל 3404:פפאוור"ו 3223:Cowpea ( 3194:Hai Gaon 3179:אלעקרבאן 3145:Pine nut 3089:ʻakkabit 3074:Akkoub ( 3002:אלענזרוד 2945:Satureja 2786:susimbro 2781:סוסימברו 2752:אלפוד'נג 2746:al-sā'ya 2696:millet ( 2636:אלמקדונס 2589:פשטינק"י 2580:Radish ( 2552:Carrot ( 2416:Orache ( 2413:אטריצפ"י 2326:שאה בלוט 2307:שאה בלוט 2192:אלזעפראן 2179:אלזעפראן 2130:Kohlrabi 2085:‎) 2005:Storax ( 1918:אספריג"י 1878:Lathyrus 1857:אלקרטמאן 1851:Lathyrus 1846:אלגֻלבאן 1738:חרחבינין 1674:אלחנדקוק 1531:בזר רגלה 1512:אלפרפחין 1487:purslane 1467:חלגלוגות 1439:al-rāziq 1346:Medlar ( 1343:אלעיזראן 1330:אלענברוד 1146:Banana ( 1138:בנות שוח 1006:פיקסונין 968:Yoma 3:9 877:Brassica 860:Brassica 801:susimbro 784:אלסיסנבר 614:אלאנג'אץ 597:Hai Gaon 579:Mishnah 567:halachic 499:Shevu'ot 495:Berakhot 478:, Rabbi 474:, Rabbi 466:; Rabbi 458:; Rabbi 456:Hai Gaon 451:Sheëltot 440:, Rabbi 432:, Rabbi 414:Rav Ashi 406:Baraitta 385:ha-Ḥasīd 324:Hai Gaon 271:Qayrawan 177:Position 128:Religion 72:Personal 13906:Austria 13838:England 13645:Germany 13486:(Rivan) 13480:(Semag) 13446:Rashbam 13347:(Rambi) 13318:(Radak) 13238:(Ra'ah) 13103:(Ramah) 13091:(Ritva) 12967:Mishnah 12723:Mishnah 12642:(ed.). 12507:Te'udah 12499:3622642 12429:(2/3). 12090:(ed.). 12026:F-72437 11985:Pesahim 11981:Shabbat 11959:genizah 11955:genizah 11950:genizah 11946:genizah 11909:sconces 11882:and R. 11801:Nega'im 11740:Shabbat 11716:Shabbat 11713:Mishnah 11541:תרובתור 11465:10:11; 11463:Terumot 11314:גנגידין 11306:Pesahim 11286:shaylam 11209:Terumot 11158:, s.v. 11088:אללוביא 11019:, s.v. 11001:Kila'im 10998:Mishnah 10967:, s.v. 10921:shiffon 10909:אביינ"א 10905:Pesahim 10865:השעורים 10857:Kila'im 10830:Kila'im 10745:, s.v. 10691:kila'im 10669:; syn. 10651:Kila'im 10564:Terumot 10560:Kila'im 10540:quththā 10503:Terumot 10453:apricot 10431:and in 10429:Maghreb 10421:Kila'im 10392:Siponto 10359:Kila'im 10330:Kila'im 10310:grafted 10302:Kila'im 10299:Tosefta 10295:Kila'im 10220:Nedarim 10195:חולבאנא 10191:הילבאנא 10176:). See 10103:). See 10021:Kila'im 9894:, s.v. 9781:qūrnīth 9760:qūrnīth 9745:, s.v. 9729:garance 9725:Warance 9717:Shabbat 9678:Kila'im 9630:Phlomis 9581:Shabbat 9566:, s.v. 9535:, s.v. 9449:peragin 9437:Papaver 9429:peragin 9425:peragin 9364:, s.v. 9336:Kila'im 9260:, s.v. 9182:עקרבלין 9178:ערקבנין 9150:, s.v. 9132:dadanim 9122:in the 9062:, s.v. 9040:On the 8936:, s.v. 8869:Kila'im 8842:, s.v. 8812:, s.v. 8725:, s.v. 8642:). Cf. 8613:, s.v. 8500:, s.v. 8468:Shabbat 8380:, s.v. 8320:ḥurfesh 8316:ḥarshuf 8312:נץ חלב) 8220:kila'im 8191:parsnip 8150:Siponto 8146:pepinos 8134:Kila'im 8081:Terumah 8077:Kilayim 8074:Mishnah 8058:mêlo(n) 8045:Kilayim 8039:). The 8020:Terumot 8003:Kila'im 7984:, s.v. 7942:, s.v. 7914:Kila'im 7873:leʿunīn 7831:Onkelos 7767:, s.v. 7673:stigmas 7631:Nedarim 7614:kelisim 7541:Terumot 7502:camphor 7458:אלכרסנה 7442:אלכרסנה 7422:אלכרסנה 7383:mahārīs 7333:Kila'im 7329:Kila'im 7175:Kila'im 6975:חרחבינא 6923:Kila'im 6852:, s.v. 6778:חלביצין 6764:In the 6729:Kila'im 6684:Pesahim 6669:, s.v. 6628:Kila'im 6573:Kila'im 6477:, s.v. 6376:Jastrow 6350:, s.v. 6315:Shabbat 6299:, s.v. 6269:Nega'im 6251:, s.v. 6223:Nega'im 6194:Kila'im 6177:אספרגוס 6175:, s.v. 6144:Tosefta 6132:אספרגוס 6130:, s.v. 6112:Nedarim 6079:Tosefta 6054:Kila'im 6018:). Cf. 5974:Kila'im 5953:citrata 5927:plant: 5863:Nega'im 5859:Mishnah 5774:Maghreb 5745:Spanish 5741:apricot 5647:Siponto 5630:Kila'im 5530:shiffon 5526:Pesahim 5494:Menahot 5486:shiffon 5474:Menahot 5470:Pesahim 5324:Zera'im 5162:Me'orot 5158:Zera'im 5121:Neziqin 5113:Zera'im 5085:genizah 4990:ṣap̄ona 4942:afūnnin 4890:saffron 4876:ḥazeret 4824:אלבנפסג 4747:תרופתור 4732:Chard ( 4497:כיזוראן 4476:ח'יזראן 4424:אללוביה 4386:Spelt ( 4102:אלכ'יאר 4038:קישואין 3973:אלברקוק 3933:קיפאל"י 3901:קפלוטות 3887:חולבאנא 3863:אללבלאר 3840:אללבלאר 3702:Balsam 3661:Oregano 3650:אוריגנו 3639:al-ḥāšā 3631:sāḥiyya 3344:סלבטק"י 3319:פלוסלוס 3287:אלסד'אב 3274:אלשד'אב 3165:עקרבנין 3147:called 3135:אלצנובר 3118:אלצנובר 3020:אלזערור 3007:אלזערור 2986:אלזערור 2931:אלשיטרג 2899:ציצרקלא 2828:Italian 2693:גוארשין 2616:נץ החלב 2510:אלכ'יאר 2495:אלכ'רבז 2454:אללפסאן 2397:Orache 2243:אלקלקאס 2101:קומתורי 2060:אלתאלוק 2035:Clove ( 2032:גרופל"י 2026:L. alba 2018:Henna ( 1996:אלכאפור 1961:Vetch ( 1958:אלכרסנה 1907:אלירבוז 1896:אלגרבוז 1891:ירבוזין 1872:jūlebān 1669:חרחבונה 1627:אלכ'רדל 1587:דארציני 1581:דארציני 1429:חלביצין 1202:אלג'מיז 1155:אלג'מיז 1107:אלגאסול 927:אלחֻמֻץ 827:אספרגוס 679:קומותרי 633:al-ağāṣ 627:אלאג'אץ 553:(1:5). 526:Terumah 522:Terumah 519:Mishnah 480:Hananel 446:Beramot 312:Fatimid 266:geonate 237:Mishnah 235:of the 233:exegete 190:unknown 132:Judaism 109:1051 CE 13963:(Riaz) 13675:(Rosh) 13417:France 12944: 12928: 12869: 12839: 12820: 12784: 12759: 12739: 12696: 12676: 12626: 12606: 12584: 12548: 12497: 12461: 12433: 12422:Tarbiẕ 12401: 12381: 12371: 12349: 12341: 12309: 12246: 12226: 12207: 12184: 12172: 12152: 12126: 12102: 12022:F-4850 11938:hekhal 11932:Rabbi 11892:batten 11876:Ohalot 11868:Hebrew 11827:) and 11809:zaatar 11805:Uktzin 11773:Tafsir 11700:tiltan 11689:tiltan 11560:karnub 11528:Uktzin 11488:Dalman 11486:, see 11471:Uktzin 11352:meant 11344:(e.g. 11273:Niddah 11221:et al. 11217:Niddah 11211:10:5; 11197:et al. 11128:(var. 11109:שעועית 11092:שעועית 11074:שעועית 10913:avoine 10867:) and 10861:Barley 10853:Dalman 10799:Dalman 10683:rīmmīn 10681:) and 10655:et al. 10638:Uktzin 10622:Uktzin 10618:אלכיאר 10614:אלנואר 10597:Dalman 10584:Uktzin 10544:faqqūs 10536:Dalman 10511:et al. 10507:Uktzin 10490:Uktzin 10258:Uktzin 10203:Ohelot 10153:Hedera 10084:Hedera 10054:Sukkah 10037:אלקנאב 10008:ḥaršuf 10004:Arabic 9968: 9945:κινάρα 9940:Cynara 9926:kinras 9918:Uktzin 9904:kinras 9896:עכביות 9867:Uktzin 9842:balsān 9715:); in 9712:Isatis 9699:Niddah 9640:geonim 9607:a wick 9589:shavra 9507:Uktzin 9455:) and 9441:peraga 9332:Uktzin 9307:Dalman 9120:עץ שמן 9106:עץ שמן 9081:עץ שמן 9064:עכביות 9046:Dalman 9044:, see 9017:ʻakkūb 9013:Uktzin 9005:Dalman 8954:Uktzin 8902:zu'rūr 8900:, the 8685:סנריות 8681:Hebrew 8594:Salvia 8586:βλήχων 8558:poliol 8550:Niddah 8458:(Heb. 8382:נקלווס 8352:גוארשן 8308:Hebrew 8291:Uktzin 8263:Uktzin 8216:Kilaim 8187:carrot 8162:kishūt 8154:kishūt 8093:Dalman 8033:מלפפון 7926:Orache 7918:לעונין 7825:. The 7819:Niddah 7788:Uktzin 7545:Uktzin 7543:11:4; 7450:כוסמין 7430:כוסמין 7341:Hallah 7220:Sukkah 7118:Uktzin 7046:Uktzin 6939:et al. 6910:Uktzin 6869:Uktzin 6807:הרגילה 6786:נץ חלב 6745:cotton 6716:Uktzin 6688:Uktzin 6637:Hebrew 6559:Emilia 6546:hinojo 6450:et al. 6448:2:11, 6372:Niddah 6356:borith 6066:אירוסה 6058:אירסיה 6045:Ohelot 5964:Rabbi 5897:Ohelot 5837:Uktzin 5792:work, 5737:damson 5678:semakh 5672:shuraq 5538:seigle 5534:שיגל"א 5532:meant 5506:dowsir 5502:אלסאפה 5488:(Heb. 5464:(Heb. 5094: 5080:Sana'a 5048:Ohalot 5044:Eruvin 5035:Ohalot 5022:Hebrew 5006:qīnras 4977:zaatar 4968:ḥilbah 4956:krūvīt 4938:Afūnna 4920:tiltan 4886:Karkūm 4774:קרנביט 4769:Arabic 4623:אלשילם 4585:חולב"א 4580:Arabic 4568:אלחלבה 4555:אלחלבה 4463:כיזראן 4437:פסילתא 4406:שעועית 4366:אלדוסר 4348:Oats ( 4345:אלסאפה 4264:סיקל"א 4201:Weld ( 4081:אלכיאר 4076:Arabic 4065:Faqqūs 4054:אלקת'א 4043:אלקת'א 4001:Pear ( 3964:Pear ( 3942:Head 3938:kefáli 3880:Hedera 3874:אידר"א 3870:spp.) 3852:אלעלפק 3817:Hemp ( 3806:Hemp ( 3803:אלקנאב 3793:Hemp ( 3719:בלסמ"ו 3654:סדוריא 3621:קורנית 3601:Robbia 3496:willow 3425:פרישין 3113:עץ שמן 3055:עכביות 2998:אלתפאח 2894:פישונה 2867:אלאקטן 2802:סנריות 2758:family 2741:אלסאיה 2722:seeds 2713:Qariṭa 2709:נקלווס 2688:נקליבס 2577:רדיק"י 2567:Rape ( 2523:מלפפון 2490:מלפפון 2467:מרוי"ו 2422:) (?) 2368:לעונין 2343:Arabic 2322:Acorn 2319:אלבלוט 2277:Arabic 2268:Taro ( 2254:Arum ( 2246:Taro ( 2227:spp.) 2225:Crocus 2220:זעפראן 2209:מוריקא 2205:כורכמא 2188:spp.) 2185:Crocus 2143:Kale ( 2095:kallis 2083:בלוסין 2064:אלכ'נס 2055:כליסין 1941:כוסמין 1880:spp.) 1867:גולבאן 1853:spp.) 1817:קורטים 1811:מוריקא 1800:מוריקא 1789:אלעצפר 1653:ḥardal 1526:Arabic 1507:Arabic 1450:Ferula 1434:אלראזק 1408:לטוק"א 1339:spp.) 1333:Pear ( 1325:חֻזרַד 1302:קיקיון 1232:גופנין 1218:celce 1189:אלגמיז 1065:banjar 1049:בוכריה 1020:Arabic 973:אשכרוע 952:Arabic 938:ציצירי 895:אפונין 832:מי סלק 789:Mentha 773:Cissus 729:אלצעתר 716:אלצעתר 694:Pear ( 685:Arabic 668:Arabic 657:Pear ( 644:Plum ( 617:Pear ( 539:(Heb. 537:sippūq 468:Nissim 464:Lucena 412:under 363:geonim 283:Ramleh 279:Fustat 219:Hebrew 199:Ramleh 187:Buried 138:Parent 13957:(Rid) 13941:Italy 13668:Mainz 13520:Rivam 13431:Rashi 13209:(Ran) 13065:Spain 13026:(Rif) 12942:JSTOR 12922:Brill 12867:JSTOR 12495:JSTOR 12431:JSTOR 12347:S2CID 12339:JSTOR 12323:Aleph 12294:, X ) 12150:JSTOR 11923:14:7) 11888:σπάθη 11851:Parah 11841:(ed. 11817:ezobs 11785:aleph 11752:אלחמץ 11469:3:7; 11467:Orlah 11384:Syria 11374:(the 11334:Galen 11288:(Ar. 11219:2:6, 11215:3:6; 11213:Orlah 11195:9:9, 11191:9:2, 11176:Kelim 11046:Kelim 11005:Arukh 10926:Avena 10917:שיפון 10897:Rashi 10893:Avena 10885:Note: 10760:אלבחם 10717:nabaq 10653:1:4, 10624:2:1). 10509:2:1, 10505:2:6, 10409:Yemen 10320:, in 10314:Yavne 10287:כמתרי 10271:אגסים 10218:2:1, 10162:לבלאר 10148:לבלאר 10089:לבלאר 10079:לבלאר 10067:קיסום 9966:JSTOR 9900:Betza 9838:qaṭaf 9826:qaṭaf 9818:kofer 9773:Thyme 9687:Rashi 9505:1:3; 9262:אצווה 9240:עקרבן 9136:Pinus 9029:kaʻūb 8972:Betza 8882:עוזרד 8753:Arukh 8693:sīnar 8582:Pòlio 8542:Rashi 8456:si'ah 8395:Arukh 8348:נקלבס 8236:(see 8212:nefos 8179:nefos 8062:pépōn 7877:chard 7709:15:2. 7707:Kelim 7648:kalim 7586:Balas 7528:henna 7524:kofer 7448:that 7379:ʿalas 7339:8:5; 7335:1:9; 7331:1:1; 7279:blita 7253:9:1; 7218:, in 7216:Rashi 7179:Qafih 7141:. 6:7 7137:5:3; 7133:1:2; 7120:3:5). 7090:כ'רוע 7086:כ'רנע 6937:4:6, 6933:9:1; 6929:3:2; 6925:1:5; 6871:3:2). 6749:rāziq 6735:, in 6686:2:6; 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