840:. The competition regulations outlined the monument was intended to not be simply a tribute to those who contributed to Canada's effort in the First World War, but also an expression of the nation's character. It was to evoke "the spirit of heroism, the spirit of self-sacrifice, the spirit of all that is noble and great that was exemplified in the lives of those sacrificed in the Great War, and the services rendered by the men and women who went overseas." The competition brief explained "hile the spirit of victory is essential it should be expressed so as to not only immortalize Canada's defenders but convey a feeling of gratitude that out of this great conflict a new hope has sprung for future prosperity under peaceful conditions." Absent from the document was a reference to the Empire, focusing only on Canada and its efforts. This illustrated the desire for the war memorial to be a marker of Canada's attainment of nationhood.
984:. In his speech, the King focused on Canada having, through defending decency and democracy, reached nationhood among other Western countries. He said: "On the battlefields of Europe and throughout the Dominion, there are many memorials to Canada's honoured dead. Today, in her own capital, Canada dedicates her national memorial. speaks to the world of Canada's heart... Something deeper than chivalry is portrayed. It is the spontaneous response of the nation's conscience. The very soul of the nation is here revealed." After the formal ceremony, the King and his wife made their way to talk to gathered veterans. After doing so, the cheering crowd broke through military and police lines to "greet them personally as fellow citizens"; reporters noted that a king and queen had never before "walked unescorted in the midst of such a multitude." It is thought that "
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899:, within a mock-up of the granite arch and plinth. It was then that more than one member of the public pointed out that the archway was too narrow for the artillery carriage to pass through. This led the Marchs to make the arch 0.91 metres (3 ft) wider and 1.8 metres (6 ft) taller and enlarge the size of the plinth the figures would be mounted on. Those moves, though, created gaps on either side of the crowd of bronze statues, which Sydney March felt negatively impacted the overall appearance of the monument. His proposed solution was to add another three figures to the existing 19. This was approved, the bronze figures were cast, and the entire collection was put in storage at the Marchs' foundry as the argument continued in Ottawa over the monument's location.
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1019:, they argued, was "the heroic figures of our present National War Memorial portray Canada's fighting men of the First World War so faithfully as to render it unsuitable as a memorial to our fallen in World War II and the Korean War." In 1947, Jacques Gréber, who continued to work on the development and beautification of Ottawa, designed a traditional monument to the Canadians who died in the Second World War, locating it in the Gatineau Hills, in a manner similar to the Vimy memorial in France and visible from downtown Ottawa. After veterans' groups complained the location would be difficult for tourists to reach, Gréber suggested placing the dates
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on 11 May 1923, when King stated "n every country in the world the spirit of the nation has found some expression in regard to great events in the form of permanent monuments if the occasions have been sufficiently worthy of such recognition from the national point of view. The government felt that a monument should be erected in the capital of Canada expressive of the feelings of the
Canadian people as a whole to the memory of those who had participated in the Great War and had lost their lives in the service of humanity." In response to a statement by
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860:, United Kingdom. His theme was the response of Canada to war, signified by the uniformed figures, in the then correct order of precedence, passing through the arch, but with a deliberate aim to avoid the glorification of armed conflict. March wrote in his anonymous submission that the figures' expressions would not show any combative attitude. Rather, they would "express movement and the eagerness and enthusiasm of the people" to respond to the call.
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the world with the blessings of
Victory, Peace and Liberty in the footsteps of the people's heroism and self-sacrifice who are passing through the archway below." The persons emerging through the arch have also been interpreted as representing Canada's "rite of passage" or "coming of age", its birth as a proper nation during the First World War, reflected in its attainment of a place in the negotiations of the
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conflict in and after
September 1939, the symbolism of the National War Memorial came into question. While the monument in Ottawa was unofficially becoming a symbol of Canada's dead in all of the wars it fought in, the Royal Canadian Legion argued that new memorials should be created to mark the service of Canada's military in the Second World War and Korean War; the problem with
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triumph over the forces of instability and the tyrannies of ethnicity." Laura
Brandon, Historian, Art & War at the National War Museum in Ottawa, opined that the agricultural connotations of the torch-bearing figure may have been intended by March to relate to the dominance of agriculture in Canada at the time of the monument's design. It may also refer to the line in the
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animated and strained, not in parade form, and the expressions "convey pride, longing, defiance, a strong sense of purpose, vacancy, camaraderie and perhaps a touch of dejection, but mostly firm resolve." All are in historically correct and distinctly
Canadian uniforms, and they were deliberately rendered by the sculpture's artist,
914:, whom Mackenzie King (once again prime minister) had spoken to about the beautification of downtown Ottawa and was thought to be a supporter of the idea to put the war memorial in Connaught Place, penned a report on the redevelopment of Ottawa in which he recommended the monument to the war dead be put in
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March's request, down to details such as buttons and straps—was directed by
Canadian officials, the sculptures were first produced in clay, from which moulds were made and the bronze was then cast in the Marchs' foundry. This work was finished in July 1932 and the bronzes were, with the permission of King
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asked the legislature to approve $ 10,000 for the memorial. However, with the minister unable to satisfactorily answer members' questions on what the money would be used for and the Prime
Minister absent, it was determined to leave the matter for another time. Subsequently, the issue was again raised
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The memorial, from grade to the tip of the surmounting statues' wings, is approximately 21.34 m (70 ft), with the arch itself 3.05 m (10 ft) wide, 2.44 m (8 ft) deep, and 8.03 m (26 ft 4 in) high. The lowest step of the pedestal is 15.9 m (52 ft 2 in)
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The Royal
Canadian Legion requested in 1980 that the Crown rededicate the National War Memorial so as to formally recognize the sacrifices of those who had fought in the Second World and Korean Wars. Wishing to not repeat the confusion and problems around the national shrine of remembrance, the then
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in 1967. However, this plan never came to fruition, as it was denounced by some of the media, various organizations, veterans, a large number of
Canadians, and eventually parliamentarians, even in the governing Liberal Party. The meaning of the war memorial in Confederation Square had shifted in the
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One hundred and twenty-seven entries were submitted—66 from Canada, 24 from
England, 21 from France, seven from the United States, five from Belgium, two from Italy, one from Scotland, and one from Trinidad.—of which seven were asked to provide scale models for final judging. Tasked with judging the
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was originally considered but it was determined the best option was the redevelopment and expansion of downtown Ottawa's Connaught Place into a plaza for the memorial, giving it the parliament buildings—the seat of Canadian democracy—as a backdrop. This, Mackenzie King later said, put it in the most
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initiated, in partnership with the government, the Canadian War Memorial Fund (CWMF) in April 1918 with the purpose of "perpetuating the memory of what Canada has accomplished in this war" through paintings, photographs, and the erection of memorials. An early proposal in 1919 was a memorial hall in
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The figures are moving towards the call of duty atop a pedestal. To avoid foreshortening from a pedestrian viewpoint, the group of figures is placed at a specific height above street level; each body is approximately 2.4 metres (7.9 ft) high, or one-third larger than life size. The postures are
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The original model that was submitted by Vernon March for the war memorial competition is held by the Canadian War Museum, and is exhibited in the museum's Royal Canadian Legion Hall of Honour; a gallery that explores how Canadian conflicts have been commemorated or memorialized throughout history.
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Despite the joyous environment, Mackenzie King felt the monument's allusions to the sacrifice required for peace and freedom would soon take on greater force: he and the King both were now certain another war was looming. They were proven correct and after Canada became involved in further military
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quipped: "if those soldiers were to come back to-day and look at the memorial... and realize that $ 1,300,000 was being spent on it, while sons and daughters... are walking the streets of Ottawa hungry, barefoot and without jobs... No wonder the sculptor has depicted the soldiers going through the
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at the conflict's end. Similarly, the figures of Peace and Freedom "speak both to Canada's participation in the struggle to achieve lasting stability and democratic values that resulted in the creation of the League of Nations, and to the hope that in Canada itself peace and freedom may continue to
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tenure as prime minister (1930 to 1935), the officials overseeing the war memorial project continued to adhere to the design principles set out by Mackenzie King and the other competition directors, demonstrating bipartisan support for the memorial. As the accuracy of the uniforms and equipment—at
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Work on the memorial began in 1926 under the auspices of the Dominion's Department of Public Works. March was assisted by his six brothers and his sister, all of whom completed the work after March's death in 1930. His design was, over the ensuing years, revised and adjusted: the number of figures
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Of the memorial, March wrote " to perpetuate in this bronze group the people of Canada who went Overseas to the Great War, and to represent them, as we of today saw them, as a record for future generations..." The allegorical representations of peace and freedom were meant to be seen "alighting on
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On 11 November 2014, the representation of the National War Memorial itself was also expanded to include those who served in the Second Boer War and the War in Afghanistan, and to "formally recognize all Canadians who served in the past, who serve today, and who will serve in the future." In that
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was in favour of the idea, but criticized the projected costs. Mackenzie King responded: "When a nation loses what is signified by its art it loses its own spirit, and when it loses the remembrance of the sacrifices and heroism by which it has gained the liberty it enjoys, it loses all the vision
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said in 1915 "t is my desire and intention that some splendid monument shall be erected in this country, perhaps in the capital of the Dominion, which will commemorate the men who responded so splendidly to the call of duty." There was opposition to the idea, mostly to its cost, especially as the
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Ottawa, to act as a social centre for between 2,000 and 4,000 people as well as a monument to the Canadians who served in the Great War. It did not grow past the concept stage, but, an idea from the CWMF for a memorial building did progress to the detail design phase. It would have resembled the
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already had an inscription noting the service of Canadians who had fought overseas, Mackenzie King said the inscription made reference to many other events in Canadian history and, as such, was never meant to act as a national war memorial; he elaborated: "there is, as of yet, no monument of a
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and a cenotaph to commemorate "the service and sacrifice of the veterans and war dead of all wars." Architects from Toronto and Quebec City were asked by the Cabinet to draw up plans for such a memorial complex and the announcement was made on 19 February 1963 by the Minister of Public Works,
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was signed in Germany. Mackenzie King was optimistic: "Canada will remember throughout her history, that these two symbolical figures found their place at the top of the National Memorial on September the 30th, the day of the signing of the 4-power agreement which averted another Great War."
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The bronzes were finally relocated to Ottawa in the summer of 1937, accompanied by Sydney, Percival, and Walter March. In December, after years of bickering, the contract for the construction of the pedestal and arch was awarded to E.G.M. Cape and Company of Montreal. The entire cenotaph was
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that makes a people great." Indeed, the Prime Minister managed to force Members of Parliament who critiqued the idea of spending money on a memorial to defend their patriotism and gratitude for those who had died or been wounded in the war. Parliament approved $ 10,000 to begin the project.
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427:. Plywood is placed over surrounding flower beds and approximately 6,000 metres (20,000 ft) of cable is run to connect sound systems and 12 television cameras. Any mementos or pictures attendees leave at the memorial following the ceremony are given to the
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or another member of the royal family is in Ottawa, they will, regardless of the date, lay a wreath at the monument. Visiting foreign dignitaries will also sometimes lay a wreath at the monument; prominent figures who have done so include US President
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on 19 December 1922 reported that the government was going to announce a plan to erect just such a monument and, in parliament on the last day of the session, the Cabinet requested appropriation for a war memorial to be built in Ottawa. A site in the
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completed on 19 October 1938, after which the landscaping surrounding the memorial was laid out and installed by Toronto contractors A.W. Robertson Limited with consultation from Gréber. The cost by that point had risen to over $ 1,300,000.
1115:, and its constant use as a site for national Remembrance Day services (especially through the Second World War, as Canadians were dying overseas), it had come to represent in the Canadian collective consciousness all of Canada's war dead.
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Over two years, the parameters for the competition were created by a team consisting of, among others, the Deputy Minister of Public Works, J. B. Hunter, who had experience with the process of creating numerous memorials in Canada;
536:, the Greek goddesses of agriculture and victory, respectively. Below are the depictions of 22 Canadian servicemembers from all branches of the forces and other groups engaged in the First World War. At the front, to the left, a
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in Rome and housed the art in the CWMF's collection while acting "as a great war memorial in itself." Immediately after the war's end, however, the focus shifted to the burial of the dead: the design of markers and headstones.
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988:" became the de facto national anthem after the King remained at attention during its playing at the dedication of the National War Memorial; George, though, was actually following a precedent set by his brother,
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of peace and freedom stand at the apex of the arch, their proximity to each other representing the inseparability of the two concepts, though, the figure bearing a torch alludes in Roman mythology to
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and certain dimensions increased and, accordingly, so did the estimated cost, by $ 85,000. This gave fuel to the parliamentary opposition, who argued the money could be better spent aiding veterans.
856:; and, by the Cabinet, chairman of the Board of Trustees of the National Gallery of Canada F.J. Shepherd. From among seven finalists, the winner, announced on 18 January 1926, was Vernon March from
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1174:, though he later claimed to have no memory of the event. The incident, along with the common sight of persons skateboarding and riding bicycles on the memorial's podium, prompted the posting of
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In further debate, it was said the project should strive for "something loftier than a monument in stone" and not reflexively "follow precedent, to follow ancient countries." Generally, the
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918:. However, after Mackenzie King pointed out that the park would not be as hospitable or accessible during the winter months, Gréber agreed and drew up plans for the Connaught Place site.
416:, and youth representatives. Some of these groups place wreaths at the foot of the war memorial. The event is attended by between 25,000 and 45,000 people and is nationally televised.
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1039:. Veterans' groups were again unsatisfied. In a brief given by the Royal Canadian Legion to the Cabinet on 10 November 1955, it was outlined that the organization wanted a national
692:) are on the east and west arch pier footings, respectively. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier rests in the podium surface immediately in front of and on axis with the war memorial.
567:—are emerging from the arch, side by side, followed by two infantry riflemen pressing through the arch and behind them are the men and women of the support services, including two
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asserted in 1931: "f there is a contract…we must go through with it... but with poor unemployed soldiers in the country, I do not think we shall need many monuments for a while."
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would serve as a commemoration of the Canadian men and women who served in the Second World War; a lintel was built between the two structures and on it placed the inscription:
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980:, Mackenzie King, and an estimated 100,000 people, including some 12,000 veterans, attending. The site was decorated with banners depicting the heraldic elements of the Royal
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arch with their heads hanging down, as though perplexed at what is going on." Still, the figures of peace and freedom were placed atop the granite arch on the same day the
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906:, social commentators, journalists, and members of the public. Some groups demanded the war memorial be central on Parliament Hill, others said a spot overlooking the
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Disapproval or blatant rejection of the Connaught Place site was expressed by the Federal District Commission (predecessor of the National Capital Commission), Mayor
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In 2006, Dr. Michael Pilon, a retired Canadian Forces major, observed and photographed a group of young men urinating on the war memorial on the evening of
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repairs and levels stones in the area of the war memorial, fill joints, waxes the bronzes, and applies a protective coating to the lettering on the
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national character in the capital of the Dominion" and what the Cabinet proposed was "intended to be a national monument in the national capital."
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respect, the dates "1899–1902" (of the Boer War) and "2001–2014" (covering Canadian involvement in the Afghan War) were added to the monument.
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The memorial viewed from the west; the figures emerge through the arch from war to peace or in "the Great Response of Canada" to a call to war
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The subject of a memorial to commemorate those killed in the First World War was raised even before the conflict had ended; Prime Minister
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To meet a growing call across Canada for a memorial to commemorate those who died in the First World War, the Cabinet of Prime Minister
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and the Department of Veterans Affairs also fund summer students at the site, hired to provide information on the site and its history.
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was added in front of the memorial and symbolizes the sacrifices made by all Canadians who have died or may yet die for their country.
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In 1963, the matter became more prominent when the federal Cabinet announced a plan to have a national shrine of remembrance built at
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1208:), re-dedicated the monument once again. A plaque commemorating Cirillo's service at the War Memorial was dedicated at the site.
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and in its vicinity on the morning of 22 October 2014, during which Michael Zehaf-Bibeau fatally shot Corporal Nathan Cirillo, a
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and a member of the Canadian War Artists Advisory Committee; and Colonel H. C. Osborne, who acted as Honorary Secretary of the
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The memorial features 22 bronze figures, representing the eleven branches of the Canadian forces engaged in the First World War
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while in the battlefields of the First World War: "The torch; be yours to hold it high/If ye break faith with us who die."
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public consciousness; through its location in downtown Ottawa, renovations to Confederation Square to further highlight
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proposals was the Board of Assessors, composed of three people drawn from Canada's architectural and artistic fields:
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for review and possible storage, while any money left is donated to The Perley & Rideau Veterans' Health Centre.
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in Canada's capital city, Ottawa, Ontario. The square is located between several major buildings and features, with
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Years commemorating service members from other conflicts were added onto the memorial in May 1982 and November 2014
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added. the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was added before the monument in 2000 and dedicated by Governor General
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in his speech during the Remembrance Day ceremony that same year, when the Governor General and Princess
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by 8.08 m (26 ft 6 in). 503 tonnes of rose-grey Canadian granite from the Dumas Quarry at
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at the site, though they are only present between 9 am and 5 pm from 9 April to 10 November.
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building. There are several other commemorative buildings and monuments nearby, including the
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on duty at the National War Memorial that morning. Cirillo was mentioned by Governor General
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for 11 November. Along with Canadian war veterans, the ceremony is attended by the
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2366:(Digital recording of original film). Ottawa: National Film Board of Canada. 1939.
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Construction of the National War Memorial takes place at far right, 31 August 1938
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to the east. A number of buildings is situated west of the square, including the
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James Shaver Woodsworth, Member of Parliament for Winnipeg Centre (1931).
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On the north and south faces of the statuary base are the dates 1914–1918 (the
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ALL THESE WERE HONOURED IN THEIR GENERATIONS AND WERE THE GLORY OF THEIR TIMES
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ALL THESE WERE HONOURED IN THEIR GENERATIONS AND WERE THE GLORY OF THEIR TIMES
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1819:(Digital video). Ottawa: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 November 2014.
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that the central column of Confederation Hall (the main entrance) of the new
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and other items of the "basic load" carried by every member of the infantry.
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The allegorical statues symbolizing peace and liberty surmounts the memorial
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26:"The Response" redirects here. For the memorial in Newcastle, England, see
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William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada (11 May 1923).
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The Canadian National War Memorial: Metaphor for the Birth of the Nation
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2423:(3). Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association: 10. Archived from
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Canada's Response: The Making and Remaking of the National War Memorial
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Sentries from the Ceremonial Guard at the National War Memorial in 2007
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in 1939. Originally built to commemorate the Canadians who died in the
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1790:"Canada remembers: Governor General rededicates National War Memorial"
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Alonzo Hyndman, Member of Parliament for South Mountain (1939).
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2008:"Maquette sculpture, The Response; National War Memorial; Cenotaph"
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suggested in 1921 that a national memorial be built in Canada. The
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Since 1940, the National War Memorial is the site of the national
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On 15 May 1939, the Post Office Department issued a stamp called
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126:
1829:
1720:, Carlton University Research Virtual Environment, p. 46
964:
The memorial was officially dedicated on 21 May 1939 by King
568:
2639:
Sullivan, Pat (August 1982), "Minor Change, Major Meaning",
335:(and the Memorial Chamber) at the parliament buildings, the
2918:(dedication of the National War Memorial at 32-minute mark)
2118:
1942:
727:
375:
looking north, with the National War Memorial at its centre
2776:"Government of Canada to rededicate National War Memorial"
2060:, vol. 337, Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada, 1925
2826:
2334:
King, William Lyon Mackenzie King (30 September 1938),
2157:
1981:. Canada: House of Commons. 1923. col. 2688/2689.
992:, the previous king of Canada, when he dedicated the
2750:"War Memorial guard program is designed for dignity"
2267:, vol. 199, Library and Archives Canada, C-4277
1512:
Department of Canadian Heritage (13 December 2013).
1231:
807:
for the war memorial competition, on display at the
2908:
The National War Memorial – Veterans Affairs Canada
2509:
2471:
2469:
2317:
2315:
1746:
1551:
2723:"Accused has 'no memory' of night at War Memorial"
1787:
2820:Peralta, Eyder; Neuman, Scott (22 October 2014).
2265:Consultation on Development of Government Grounds
1965:. Canada: House of Commons. 1923. col. 2688.
1478:. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
1186:A series of shootings occurred at Parliament Hill
3811:
2773:
2466:
2312:
1949:. Canada: House of Commons. col. 2685–2686.
1774:, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada
299:The National War Memorial is the focal point of
1452:. Canadian Royal Heritage Trust. Archived from
3482:Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport
2413:"Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1939 Royal Visit"
2301:
1938:
1936:
1106:, that the project would be completed for the
325:Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council
2937:
2819:
2547:
2545:
2456:
2454:
1844:
1769:
1706:
1704:
1652:. Centre for Distance Learning and Innovation
1426:Public Works and Government Services Canada.
1421:
1419:
2562:
2560:
2514:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
2123:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
2002:
2000:
1556:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
1501:. Associated Press. 29 May 1990. p. A9.
540:, to the right, a kilted infantryman with a
532:and the winged figure with a laurel depicts
55:
43:
2778:(Press release). Queen's Printer for Canada
2308:. Canada: House of Commons. col. 3401.
2188:Vernon March to William Lyon Mackenzie King
2164:. Canada: House of Commons. col. 2853.
1933:
1851:. Canada: House of Commons. col. 1195.
1845:Robert Borden, Prime Minister (1918).
1279:List of World War I monuments and memorials
1126:was installed next to the monument in 2000.
591:. Further, there is one member each of the
421:Public Works and Government Services Canada
271:and again in 2014 to add the dead from the
3830:Canadian military memorials and cemeteries
2944:
2930:
2856:. Canadian Postal Archives. Archived from
2542:
2451:
1866:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 5.
1701:
1416:
826:Canadian Battlefields Memorials Commission
794:
66:
2668:
2557:
2486:
2484:
2410:
1997:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1374:
225:Monument commémoratif de guerre du Canada
45:Monument commémoratif de guerre du Canada
2656:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2551:
2536:
2475:
2460:
2445:
2348:
2321:
2289:
2277:
2250:
2238:
2226:
2200:
2174:
2145:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2044:
2032:
1991:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1876:
1770:Gardam, John; Giesler, Patricia (1982),
1710:
1636:
1153:
1117:
998:
951:
947:
920:
862:
798:
726:
700:
659:
621:
2951:
2725:. CTV News. 7 July 2006. Archived from
2376:
1889:"National Soldiers' Monument Planned".
1861:
1830:Department of National Defence (1943),
1788:The Canadian Press (11 November 2014).
1783:
1781:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1352:Canadian Heritage Information Network.
1300:
1298:
956:The dedication of the memorial by King
850:Royal Architectural Institute of Canada
3812:
2796:
2481:
2262:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1528:
1347:
1345:
1328:"Cenotaphs: monuments to our veterans"
674:Service to Canada/Au service du Canada
559:. Two mounted figures—a member of the
419:Before each Remembrance Day ceremony,
384:ceremony, organized every year by the
79:at the National War Memorial in Ottawa
19:For other Canadian war memorials, see
2925:
2834:from the original on 13 November 2022
2797:Levitz, Stephanie (27 October 2014).
2121:"The Response, National War Memorial"
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1583:
1375:Bostelaar, Robert (7 November 2014).
337:National Aboriginal Veterans Monument
3103:Canada Science and Technology Museum
2747:
2336:Diary of William Lyon Mackenzie King
2333:
1778:
1683:
1642:
1572:
1295:
1274:Lists of war monuments and memorials
605:Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery
3793:
2112:
1731:
1497:"Gorbachev Makes Canada Stopover".
1428:"nfographic: National War Memorial"
1342:
524:Two 5.33-metre-high (17.5 ft)
243:with accreted bronze sculptures in
13:
3272:Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton Park
3093:Canada Agriculture and Food Museum
2669:Proudfoot, Shannon (3 July 2006).
2512:"East and West Memorial Buildings"
2385:. Toronto: Rogers Communications.
1664:
1604:
1204:(who brought a message from Queen
755:visible spot in the city, akin to
485:Figures viewed from the rear with
294:
14:
3906:
3855:Monuments and memorials in Ottawa
2901:
2119:Department of Canadian Heritage.
1584:Kates, David (10 November 2014).
587:. The rear figures are pulling a
28:Northumberland Fusiliers Memorial
3850:World War II memorials in Canada
3792:
3780:
3769:
3768:
3098:Canada Aviation and Space Museum
1248:
1234:
1211:
1070:
1050:
1029:East and West Memorial Buildings
1005:East and West Memorial Buildings
803:The original model submitted by
601:Corps of Canadian Railway troops
493:
478:
360:
3845:World War I memorials in Canada
2913:National Film Board of Canada:
2872:
2846:
2813:
2790:
2767:
2748:Cobb, Chris (22 October 2014).
2741:
2715:
2693:
2662:
2650:
2632:
2620:
2608:
2596:
2584:
2572:
2530:
2503:
2439:
2404:
2370:
2354:
2342:
2327:
2305:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
2295:
2283:
2271:
2263:Gréber, Jacques (2 July 1937),
2256:
2244:
2232:
2220:
2206:
2194:
2180:
2168:
2161:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
2151:
2139:
2100:
2088:
2076:
2064:
2050:
2038:
2026:
1985:
1978:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1969:
1962:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1953:
1946:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1921:
1909:
1897:
1882:
1870:
1855:
1848:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1838:
1823:
1807:
1763:
1630:
1505:
1450:"Ottawa—Canada's Royal Capital"
994:Canadian National Vimy Memorial
710:argument continued through the
464:Department of Canadian Heritage
451:in 1990, US Secretary of State
209:Every Canadian killed in battle
3820:1939 establishments in Ontario
3204:Great Canadian Theatre Company
3060:Designated heritage properties
2377:Bethune, Brian (7 July 2011).
2058:Conditions of Open Competition
1490:
1468:
1442:
1394:
1368:
1320:
1131:Minister of Veterans Affairs,
854:Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
1:
2886:. Legion Magazine. 1 May 2015
2880:"The New Canadian War Museum"
2417:Canadian Parliamentary Review
2338:, Library and Archives Canada
1289:
867:The sculptures on display in
611:. There are three additional
579:, and one member each of the
548:, as well as a sailor in the
500:Figures viewed from the front
410:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
3895:Outdoor sculptures in Ottawa
3880:Bronze sculptures in Ontario
3875:Terminating vistas in Canada
3123:Pinhey's Point Historic Site
1816:Remembrance Day Preparations
1751:. Queen's Printer for Canada
1516:. Queen's Printer for Canada
1430:. Queen's Printer for Canada
1356:. Queen's Printer for Canada
1269:List of Korean War memorials
1065:on the base of the memorial.
255:and first dedicated by King
7:
2411:Galbraith, William (1989).
1834:, vol. 1752, p. 2
1749:"The National War Memorial"
1588:. Postmedia. Archived from
1554:"The National War Memorial"
1354:"The National War Memorial"
1330:. CBC News. 25 October 2010
1227:
1124:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
1081:on the base of the memorial
1007:, bearing the inscription:
852:; Herman A. MacNeil by the
741:William Lyon Mackenzie King
733:William Lyon Mackenzie King
615:; all six carry among them
593:Canadian Army Service Corps
425:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
392:, sometimes members of the
343:, a Boer War memorial, the
289:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
183:21.34 metres (70.0 ft)
10:
3911:
3835:Military history of Canada
3825:Sculptures by Vernon March
3143:Portrait Gallery of Canada
3133:National Gallery of Canada
3108:Canadian Museum of History
1711:Ferguson, Malcolm (2012),
879:Member of Parliament (MP)
822:National Gallery of Canada
695:
573:Militia Army Medical Corps
311:to the northeast, and the
25:
18:
3885:Second Boer War memorials
3870:Tombs of Unknown Soldiers
3763:
3515:
3438:
3402:
3315:Central Experimental Farm
3300:
3247:
3156:
3113:Canadian Museum of Nature
3068:
3040:Senate of Canada Building
2963:
2510:Veterans Affairs Canada.
1832:The National War Memorial
1772:The National War Memorial
1747:Veterans Affairs Canada.
1624:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1622:"National War Memorial".
1552:Veterans Affairs Canada.
820:, former Director of the
469:
404:, representatives of the
329:Scottish Ontario Chambers
205:
187:
179:
171:
163:
155:
147:
137:
122:
107:45.4240361°N 75.6954972°W
88:
84:
65:
52:
32:Response (disambiguation)
3410:Bayshore Shopping Centre
1151:on 28 May of that year.
836:or who were citizens of
768:Minister of Public Works
581:Royal Canadian Engineers
561:Canadian Cavalry Brigade
546:Royal Canadian Air Force
515:Rivière-à -Pierre, Quebec
287:in Canada. In 2000, the
167:15.9 metres (52 ft)
3184:Canadian Tulip Festival
3055:National Historic Sites
3050:Monuments and memorials
3045:Supreme Court of Canada
2491:"A National Cenotaph",
2379:"A gift fit for a king"
2214:Sydney March to Bennett
1862:Brandon, Laura (2007).
1650:"National War Memorial"
1404:. Royal Canadian Legion
1402:"The National Ceremony"
1306:"National War Memorial"
1003:The lintel between the
795:Design and construction
609:Motor Machine Gun Corps
585:Canadian Forestry Corps
455:, and French President
341:Animals in War Memorial
112:45.4240361; -75.6954972
3083:Billings Estate Museum
2774:Government of Canada.
1264:Canadian war memorials
1159:
1127:
1011:
961:
926:
871:
812:
736:
665:
627:
597:Canadian Signals Corps
307:to the northwest, the
239:), is a tall, granite
236:
224:
193:; 85 years ago
56:
44:
30:. For other uses, see
21:Canadian war memorials
3860:Canada in World War I
3078:Bank of Canada Museum
2991:National War Memorial
2671:"A National Disgrace"
2014:. Canadian War Museum
1514:"Visitor Information"
1284:World War I memorials
1192:who was one of three
1172:Ottawa Police Service
1157:
1121:
1002:
972:, in the presence of
955:
948:Dedication and onward
924:
866:
802:
730:
701:Conception and debate
688:) and 2001–2014 (the
680:) and 1950–1953 (the
663:
625:
406:Canadian Armed Forces
394:Canadian royal family
386:Royal Canadian Legion
345:Peacekeeping Monument
217:National War Memorial
175:8 metres (26 ft)
40:National War Memorial
16:Canadian war memorial
3262:Canadian Tire Centre
3257:Britannia Yacht Club
3229:Ottawa Jazz Festival
3219:National Arts Centre
3189:Centrepointe Theatre
2986:Confederation Square
1202:Anne, Princess Royal
1099:Books of Remembrance
968:, the then reigning
895:, put on display in
763:in London, England.
716:The Lord Beaverbrook
641:Treaty of Versailles
373:Confederation Square
353:War of 1812 Monument
313:National Arts Centre
301:Confederation Square
3865:Cenotaphs in Canada
3472:Fallowfield Station
3292:Wesley Clover Parks
3267:Nepean Sailing Club
3148:Royal Canadian Mint
3118:Canadian War Museum
2854:"Canada Post stamp"
2729:on 16 February 2007
2681:on 22 February 2007
2629:, pp. 112–117.
2617:, pp. 106–107.
2518:on 29 November 2014
1893:. 19 December 1922.
1456:on 12 November 2014
1194:ceremonial sentries
1108:Canadian Centennial
996:in France in 1936.
978:the Lord Tweedsmuir
976:, Governor General
904:J. E. Stanley Lewis
809:Canadian War Museum
550:Royal Canadian Navy
542:Vickers machine gun
429:Canadian War Museum
402:Silver Cross mother
103: /
49:
3890:Statues in Ontario
3443:and infrastructure
3430:St. Laurent Centre
3332:Confederation Park
3320:Dominion Arboretum
2884:legionmagazine.com
2703:. CBC. 7 July 2006
2593:, pp. 99–101.
2427:on 5 December 2012
1560:on 15 January 2002
1160:
1128:
1012:
962:
927:
872:
848:was chosen by the
813:
737:
690:War in Afghanistan
672:) above the words
666:
650:In Flanders Fields
628:
371:Panoramic view of
277:War in Afghanistan
39:
3807:
3806:
3460:Tallest buildings
3369:Major's Hill Park
3307:natural landmarks
3287:Terry Fox Stadium
3199:Gladstone Theatre
3194:CityFolk Festival
2860:on 1 January 2013
2581:, pp. 96–98.
2448:, pp. 80–81.
2203:, pp. 66–67.
2073:, pp. 33–34.
2047:, pp. 31–33.
1906:, pp. 17–18.
1690:, Canadian Poetry
1499:Spokane Chronicle
1308:. Ottawakiosk.com
1218:National Memorial
1149:Adrienne Clarkson
1139:, with the dates
1033:Wellington Street
916:Major's Hill Park
897:Hyde Park, London
877:Progressive Party
869:Hyde Park, London
771:James Horace King
766:In May 1923, the
589:QF 18-pounder gun
487:QF 18-pounder gun
457:François Hollande
449:Mikhail Gorbachev
436:monarch of Canada
412:, members of the
349:Valiants Memorial
213:
212:
206:Dedicated to
188:Opening date
48:
3902:
3796:
3795:
3784:
3772:
3771:
3700:Old Ottawa South
3545:Blackburn Hamlet
3354:Hog's Back Falls
3282:TD Place Stadium
3224:Ottawa Bluesfest
2946:
2939:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2677:. Archived from
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2555:
2549:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2488:
2479:
2473:
2464:
2458:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2012:www.warmuseum.ca
2004:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1744:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1719:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1681:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1619:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1581:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1549:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1302:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1190:Canadian soldier
1074:
1054:
970:Canadian monarch
941:Munich Agreement
881:J. S. Woodsworth
834:British subjects
712:Great Depression
678:Second World War
577:stretcher bearer
497:
482:
414:diplomatic corps
390:governor general
364:
321:Central Chambers
265:Second World War
201:
199:
194:
118:
117:
115:
114:
113:
108:
104:
101:
100:
99:
96:
74:Ceremonial Guard
70:
59:
50:
47:
42:
38:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3840:1939 sculptures
3810:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3759:
3730:Rockcliffe Park
3720:Riverside South
3695:Old Ottawa East
3511:
3467:Capital Pathway
3442:
3434:
3425:Place d'Orléans
3398:
3394:Victoria Island
3327:Chaudière Falls
3305:
3296:
3243:
3158:
3152:
3064:
3008:Parliament Hill
2981:Château Laurier
2976:24 Sussex Drive
2965:
2959:
2950:
2915:The Royal Visit
2904:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2651:
2641:Legion Magazine
2637:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2558:
2550:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2508:
2504:
2499:, December 1955
2490:
2489:
2482:
2474:
2467:
2459:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2375:
2371:
2363:The Royal Visit
2360:
2359:
2355:
2347:
2343:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2313:
2300:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2156:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2127:on 20 July 2011
2117:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1860:
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1198:David Johnston
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936:Alonzo Hyndman
912:Jacques Gréber
838:allied nations
830:British Empire
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752:Gatineau Hills
746:Ottawa Citizen
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565:dispatch rider
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3585:Constance Bay
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3138:Nepean Museum
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3128:Laurier House
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2657:Ferguson 2012
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2591:Ferguson 2012
2587:
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2575:
2568:
2567:Ferguson 2012
2563:
2561:
2554:, p. 95.
2553:
2552:Ferguson 2012
2548:
2546:
2539:, p. 90.
2538:
2537:Ferguson 2012
2533:
2517:
2513:
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2493:The Legionary
2487:
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2478:, p. 89.
2477:
2476:Ferguson 2012
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2461:Ferguson 2012
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2229:, p. 69.
2228:
2227:Ferguson 2012
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2197:
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2176:
2175:Ferguson 2012
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2147:
2146:Ferguson 2012
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2108:
2107:Ferguson 2012
2103:
2097:, p. 44.
2096:
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2091:
2085:, p. 28.
2084:
2083:Ferguson 2012
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2045:Ferguson 2012
2041:
2035:, p. 24.
2034:
2033:Ferguson 2012
2029:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1994:, p. 23.
1993:
1992:Ferguson 2012
1988:
1980:
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1964:
1963:
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1948:
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1937:
1930:, p. 18.
1929:
1928:Ferguson 2012
1924:
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886:Even through
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3655:Little Italy
3550:Blossom Park
3507:Walkley Yard
3492:Rideau Canal
3440:Architecture
3389:Rideau River
3384:Rideau Falls
3374:Ottawa River
3359:Kìwekì Point
3337:Green Island
3018:Centre Block
2998:Diefenbunker
2990:
2914:
2888:. Retrieved
2883:
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2858:the original
2848:
2836:. Retrieved
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2815:
2803:. Retrieved
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
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2864:13 November
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