Nationalist government

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killed resisting or trying to escape. Once collected, they would be roped or chained together and marched, with little food or water, long distances to camp. They often died or were killed along the way, sometimes less than 50 percent reaching camp alive. Then recruit camp was no better, with hospitals resembling Nazi concentration camps like Buchenwald. Probably 3,081,000 died during the Sino-Japanese War; likely another 1,131,000 during the Civil War – 4,212,000 dead in total. Just during conscription.

2492: 2187: 1724:, "no other leader within the GMD had the authority to force through even the simplest decisions.The practical power of high-ranking officials like ministers or the head of the Executive Yuan was more closely tied to their relationship with Chiang than with the formal authority of their position. Chiang created multiple layers of power in his administration which he sometimes played off each other to prevent individuals or cliques from gathering power that could oppose his authority. 1401: 7383: 1944: 7445: 9349: 7293: 185: 1952: 9369: 9359: 7305: 7317: 2287: 1717:, a position he would retain until 1931. The Organic Law also stipulated that the Kuomintang, through its National Congress and Central Executive Committee, would exercise sovereign power during the period of political tutelage, and the KMT's Political Council would guide and superintend the National Government in the execution of important national affairs and that the council has the power to interpret or amend the organic law. 1760: 2674: 4020: 191: 193: 192: 194: 188: 1752: 190: 187: 186: 3422:

If we assume that the natural rate of increase in the population before the famine was 2 per cent, Comparison with the diminution in the size of age cohorts born during the famine years suggests that the official Nationalist figure includes population loss through excess mortality and declined fertility migration, which leaves a famine death toll of well under 1 million.

189: 195: 3124:, p. 5) "Nationalist disunity, political instability, civil strife, the communist challenge, the autocracy of Chiang Kai-shek, the ascendancy of the military, the escalating Japanese threat, and the "crisis of democracy" in Italy, Germany, Poland, and Spain, all contributed to a freezing of democracy by the Nationalist leadership." 1628:, as well as independent delegates, attended the conference in Chongqing. However, shortly afterward, the two parties failed to reach an agreement and the civil war resumed. In the context of political and military animosity, the National Assembly was summoned by the Nationalists without the participation of the CCP and promulgated the 1340:, killing thousands of them. At the same time, other violent conflicts took place in the south of China where peasant associations supported by the CCP were attacking landlords and local gentry, who formed a base of political support for the KMT right-wing and recruitment for Nationalist soldiers. These events eventually led to the 1686:

Committee of the National Government being elected by KMT Central Committee. Under the national government was seven ministries – Interior, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Transport, Justice, Agriculture and Mines, and Commerce. There were also additional institutions such as the Supreme Court, Control Yuan, and the General Academy.

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In February 1928, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 2nd Kuomintang National Congress held in Nanjing passed the Reorganization of the National Government Act. This act stipulated the national government was to be directed and regulated under the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, with the

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on the island. The military administration of the ROC extended over Taiwan, which led to widespread unrest and increasing tensions between local Taiwanese and mainlanders. The shooting of a civilian on 28 February 1947 triggered an island-wide unrest, which was brutally suppressed with military force

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Basic literacy came to most of the school-aged populace by the end of the Japanese tenure on Taiwan. School attendance for Taiwanese children rose steadily throughout the Japanese era, from 3.8 percent in 1904 to 13.1 percent in 1917; 25.1 percent in 1920; 41.5 percent in 1935; 57.6 percent in 1940;

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A detailed survey organized by the Nationalist government in 1943 of the impact of the famine came up with a toll of 1,484,983, broken down by county. The official population registers of Henan show a net decline in population from 1942 to 1943 of one million people, or 3 per cent of the population.

1682:; however, existing parties continued to operate and new ones formed. After the end of the Second World War, and particularly after the passage of the constitution in 1946, the National Government was reconstituted to include multiple parties, in preparation for a full democratic government to come. 1467:

and posed a major latent threat to the regime. However, perhaps the biggest challenges came from within the administration itself. As Chiang Kai-Shek told the state council: "Our organization becomes worse and worse ... many staff members just sit at their desks and gaze into space, others read

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compared with 12 million in 1928. Other goods saw even more staggering increases. In 1932, 15 million bushels of grain were imported compared with 900,000 in 1928. This increased competition leads to a massive decline in Chinese agricultural prices (which were cheaper) and thus the income of rural

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Then there was the process of conscription. This was a deadly affair in which men were kidnapped for the army, rounded up indiscriminately by press-gangs or army units among those on the roads or in the towns and villages, or otherwise gathered together. Many men, some the very young and old, were

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One effect of the war was a massive increase in government control of industries. In 1936, government-owned industries were only 15% of GDP. However, the ROC government took control of many industries in order to fight the war. In 1938, the ROC established a commission for industries and mines to

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was implemented by some social activists who graduated as professors of the United States with tangible but limited progress in modernizing the tax, infrastructural, economical, cultural, and educational equipment and mechanisms of rural regions. The social activists actively coordinated with the

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Economic growth and social improvements were mixed. The Kuomintang supported women's rights and education, the abolition of polygamy, and foot binding. The government of the Republic of China under Chiang's leadership also enacted a women's quota in the parliament with reserved seats for women.

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in 1937 and random massacres of whole villages. In one anti-guerrilla sweep in 1942, the Japanese killed up to 200,000 civilians in a month. The war was estimated to have killed between 20 and 25 million Chinese and destroyed all that Chiang had built up in the preceding decade. Development of

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newspapers and still others sleep." Corruption was endemic at all levels of government. The tension between Chiang's centralizing tendencies and the warlords who supported him led to friction and inconsistent direction. Even the KMT itself was disunified, with the pro-Chiang factions of the

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being elected as vice-president. The Nationalist Government was abolished on 20 May 1948, after the Government of the Republic of China was established with the presidential inauguration of Chiang. The CCP, though invited to the convention that drafted it, boycotted and declared after the

143: 1459:. In alliance with local landlords and other power-brokers, they blocked moderate land reforms that might have benefits the rural poor. Instead, the poor peasants remained a consistent source of recruits for the Communist Party. While weakened by frequent massacres and purges—historian 1888:

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the armed forces of the CCP were nominally incorporated into the National Revolutionary Army (while retaining separate commands), but broke away to form the People's Liberation Army shortly after the end of the war. With the promulgation of the

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This house was built in 1870s, after Taiping Rebellion. In the 1930s, Chiang Kai-shek chose it to be one of the headquarters of the Military Affairs Commission. The house is located in the Presidential Palace complex and becoming a popular tourist attraction now.

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as a result of trying to fight the civil war, resulted in mass unrest throughout the Republic and sympathy for the communists. Nearly all studies of the collapse of the Nationalist government identify hyperinflation as a major factor in the government's failure.

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Also known as "the Red Hill Mansion" and "Mei-ling Villa", the building was one of the main residences of Chiang & Soong in Nanjing after WWII. And it became one of the official residences of the President of the ROC from 1948 to 1949.

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of agricultural goods lead to massive falling prices for China as well as an increase in foreign imports (as agricultural goods produced in western countries were "dumped" in China). In 1931, imports of rice in China amounted to 21 million

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on 25 December 1946, promulgated by the National Government on 1 January 1947, and went into effect on 25 December 1947. The Constitution was seen as the third and final stage of Kuomintang reconstruction of China. Chiang Kai-shek was also

1424:, p. 30) By 1928, the Nationalists claimed that they had succeeded in reunifying China and were beginning the second stage, the period of so-called "tutelage". In 1931, they promulgated a provisional constitution that established the 232: 2033:

industries was severely hampered after the war by devastating conflict as well as the inflow of cheap American goods. By 1946, Chinese industries operated at 20 percent capacity and had 25 percent of the output of pre-war China.

1325:; Chiang himself was surrounded by Soviet military advisors. Much of the Nationalist Party, however, became convinced, not without reason, that the Communists, under recent orders from the Comintern, wanted to break from the 183: 1657:

challenged the legitimacy of the National Assembly in 1947 by accusing the KMT of hand-picking the members of the National Assembly 10 years earlier; claiming they thus could not legitimately represent the Chinese people.

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totaled $ 3.5 billion, with Japan leading ($ 1.4 billion) and the United Kingdom at 1 billion. By 1948, however, the capital stock had halted with investment dropping to only $ 3 billion, with the US and Britain leading.

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in 1931, industrial output recovered by 1936. By 1936, industrial output had recovered and surpassed its previous peak in 1931 prior to the Great Depression's effects on China. This is best shown by the trends in Chinese

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According to Sun Yat-sen's "Three Stages of Revolution" theory, the KMT was to rebuild China in three phases: the first stage was military unification, which was carried out with the Northern Expedition; the second was

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It was also called Nanyang Tobacco Building. In 1926, the National Revolutionary Army took control of Wuhan. Then, the officials of KMT chose Nanyang Tobacco Building to become the seat of the Nationalist Government.

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local governments in towns and villages since the early 1930s. However, this policy was subsequently neglected and canceled by the Nationalist government due to rampant wars and the lack of resources following the

1612:, the Nationalists and Communists agreed to start a series of peace talks aiming at establishing a coalition government. The two parties agreed to open multiparty talks on post-World War II political reforms via a 141: 2012:

farmers. In 1932, agricultural prices were 41 percent of 1921 levels. Rural incomes had fallen to 57 percent of 1931 levels by 1934 in some areas. Under this peculiar context for rural China, the Chinese

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The Nationalist government exercised relatively little control in China's border regions, where the political fragmentation along ethnic lines that began after the fall of the Qing dynasty continued.

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In the period of the Second Sino-Japanese War, this building was served as the headquarters of the Nationalist Government until they moved back to Nanjing. The building was demolished in the 1980s.

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Authority within the Nationalist government ultimately lay with Chiang Kai-shek. All major policy changes on military, diplomatic, or economic issues required his approval. According to historian

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This was the only institution not headquartered in the city of Nanjing. Once being the Shanghai branch of Russo-Chinese Bank, this building now becomes Shanghai Foreign Exchange Trading Center.

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In 1937, Japan invaded China and the resulting warfare laid waste to China. Most of the prosperous east China coast was occupied by the Japanese, who carried out various atrocities such as the

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After the 1930 mutiny ended, Chiang accepted the suggestion of Wang Ching-wei, Yen Hsi-shan, and Feng Yü-hsiang that a provisional constitution for the political tutelage period be drafted.

2907:民國十六年，國民政府宣言定為首都，今以臺北市為我國中央政府所在地。(In the 16th Year of the Republic of China , the National Government established as the capital. At present, Taipei is the seat of the central government.) 2201:

It was the site of Lizhi She in the 1930s. In 1949, the Nationalist Government decided to move the Executive Yuan into this building. The building now served as a part of Zhongshan Hotel.

1620:. This agreement was implemented by the Nationalist Government, who organized the first Political Consultative Assembly from 10 to 31 January 1946. Representatives of the Kuomintang, CCP, 9165: 5085: 2173:

The building was the headquarter of the Ministry of Railways at first, then the site of Executive Yuan from 1946 to 1949. After the communists took over Nanjing, it became a building of

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in the 1930s when Chiang Kai-shek unified most of the country and brought political stability. China's industries developed and grew from 1927 to 1931. Though badly hit by the

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movement was an important factor in the Nationalists' defeat, particularly because it linked the interests of peasants in the north and northeast to the Communists' success.

2315: 3272: 2443: 1313:(KMT), or Chinese Nationalist Party. He especially headed the right-wing of the Nationalist Party, while the Communists formed part of the Party's left-wing. Chiang led the 9185: 7428: 1435:

Even had it been the KMT's intention, historians such as Edmund Fung argue that they may not have been able to establish a democracy under the circumstances of the time.(

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under a National Assembly, but was boycotted by the CCP. With the promulgation of the constitution, the Nationalist Government abolished itself and was replaced by the

9393: 9175: 1420:" which was a provisional government led by the KMT to educate people about their political and civil rights, and the third stage would be constitutional government.( 9298: 2392: 1689:

With the promulgation of the Organic Law of the National Government in October 1928, the government was reorganized into five different branches or Yuan, namely the

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between the Nationalist Party and the CCP. Chiang Kai-shek pushed the CCP into the interior as he sought to destroy them, and moved the Nationalist Government to

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growth averaged 3.9 per cent a year from 1929 to 1941 and per capita GDP about 1.8 per cent. Among other institutions, the Nationalist Government founded the

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Following the war with Japan, Chiang acquired Taiwan from Japan and renewed his struggle with the Communists. However, the corruption of the KMT, as well as

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ratification that not only would it not recognize the ROC constitution, but all bills passed by the Nationalist administration would be disregarded as well.

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After the Kuomintang reunified the country in 1928, China entered a period of relative prosperity despite civil war and Japanese aggression. In 1937, the

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to exert control on the provinces. The loyalty of these figures was often highly suspect, and they frequently engaged in acts of open defiance, as in the

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Almost all of the former sites of the nationalist government are headquartered in the city of Nanjing, the capital at the time, with only one exception.

1562:. In 1945, after the war of eight years, Japan surrendered and the Republic of China, under the name "China", became one of the founding members of the 9155: 7903: 5050: 4936: 3932: 2037:

control and supervise firms, as well as instilling price controls. By 1942, 70 percent of the capital of Chinese industry was owned by the government.

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two months earlier, but soon joined Chiang in Nanjing in August 1927. By the following year, Chiang's army had captured Beijing after overthrowing the

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In Gansu the estimated mortality was 2.5 to 3 million In Shaanxi, out of a population of 13 million, an estimated 3 million died of hunger or disease

7505: 4941: 1636: 5000: 1632:. The constitution was criticized by the CCP, and led to the final break between the two sides. The full-scale civil war resumed from early 1947. 9293: 4024: 2471: 9160: 6679: 2535:

Before the National Theatre of Drama and Music was completed, the National Assembly was held in the Auditorium of National Central University.

1994:. In 1932, China's GDP peaked at US$ 28.8 billion, before falling to $ 21.3 billion by 1934 and recovering to $ 23.7 billion by 1935. By 1930, 17: 9032: 5546: 3467: 3449: 1529: 174: 2064: 9398: 9323: 9201: 8498: 8142: 7684: 7104: 5204: 4441: 4165: 2566: 1645: 1357: 3295: 8774: 7355: 6208: 4451: 3838: 1902: 1415: 871: 371: 3485: 1925:, Nationalist authorities overlooked military corruption and smuggling. The Nationalist army increasingly turned to raiding villages to 8161: 8089: 7630: 7473: 6533: 6188: 4781: 2778: 2562: 1640: 7980: 4160: 1938: 443: 2225:

It was the site of the "Mistress House". The Nationalist Government chose the house to become the seat of Legislative Yuan in 1928.

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When the city of Nanjing was not captured by the Nationalist Government, they chose the following buildings as their headquarters.

2415: 1613: 1439:, p. 30) Despite nominal reunification, the Chiang's Nationalist Government relied heavily on the support of warlords such as 1236: 129: 3859: 3300:[An Elementary Study about the Characteristics and the Effect of the Great Drought in Northwest China from 1928 to 1930]. 6861: 6479: 6313: 6089: 2990: 2795: 2707:, This was the main government administration building. Nanyang Tobacco Building however, was the main administration during the 39: 7896: 7376: 6136: 5875: 5026: 4354: 4091: 2561:

The building was served as the National Theatre of Drama and Music. After the World War II, it became the meeting place of the

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In 1949, the People's Liberation captured Beijing and later Nanjing as well. The People's Republic of China was proclaimed in

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In 1925, the Nationalist Government was established here. Today, all the buildings inside were demolished except the gate.

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rule of the KMT and promised eventual democratization. In practice, this meant that Chiang Kai-Shek was able to continue

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as the legitimate representative of China. The Nationalist government would then experience many challenges such as the

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Land controlled by the Republic of China (1945) shown in dark green; land claimed but uncontrolled shown in light green.

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Because of the Nationalist government's increasing inability to fund the military, especially after Japan's success in

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estimated that 1,654,000 people were killed by the KMT in anti-Communist purges during this period—the Communists were

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The building, serving as the Executive Yuan from 1928 to 1937, is now a part of the Presidential Palace complex.

1513: 1509: 1258:(CCP) resumed, despite attempts at mediation by the United States. The Nationalist Government began drafting the 3956: 8799: 8719: 8238: 8196: 7950: 7424: 7124: 6447: 6318: 5850: 5490: 3918: 2788: 1894: 1776: 1497: 1100: 976: 2234: 2104: 1588:, with ROC troops accepting the surrender of the Japanese garrison. The government of the ROC proclaimed the " 9252: 8956: 8911: 8724: 8704: 8305: 7853: 7650: 6846: 6731: 6664: 6516: 6269: 6126: 4973: 4963: 4761: 4756: 2507: 2506:

Opposite was the site of the Executive Yuan. After the communists took over Nanjing, it became a building of

2174: 2098: 2013: 1784: 1138: 992: 206: 87: 1496:, the spread of education increased the literacy rate across China and promoted the ideals of Sun Yat-sen's 9221: 9094: 9037: 9007: 8860: 8278: 7842: 7578: 7493: 6891: 6761: 6629: 5973: 5968: 5380: 4693: 4639: 4607: 4434: 3039:"Warlords, Bullies, and State Building in Nationalist China: The Guangdong Cooperative Movement, 1932–1936" 2708: 2262: 1575: 1369: 1283: 1190: 899: 35: 3139:"Why Did Chiang Kai-shek Lose China? The Guomindang Regime And The Victory Of The Chinese Communist Party" 8926: 8729: 8205: 8186: 8176: 7501: 7406: 6686: 6589: 6323: 6298: 6082: 5880: 5758: 5743: 5350: 5307: 5243: 5226: 5100: 4622: 4369: 4132: 1995: 1882: 1836: 1736: 1710: 1485: 1266:. Following their loss of the Civil War, the Nationalist Government retreated and moved their capital to 1048: 1008: 887: 218: 8906: 8759: 8035: 7995: 7341: 7182: 7134: 6766: 6716: 6703: 6609: 6452: 6178: 5395: 5275: 5031: 4985: 4968: 4951: 4698: 4662: 4509: 4084: 3797: 3622: 2426: 1244: 81: 8981: 8840: 8764: 8749: 8709: 8576: 8288: 8263: 7965: 7955: 7114: 7087: 7082: 6442: 6288: 6249: 5998: 5590: 5414: 5295: 5248: 5192: 4657: 4602: 4329: 4215: 4142: 3768: 3651: 1464: 1337: 1288:

After Sun's death on 12 March 1925, four months later on 1 July 1925, the National Government of the

919: 678: 101: 3715: 1709:. The Chairman of the National Government was to be the head-of-state and commander-in-chief of the 999: 983: 9206: 8966: 8876: 7912: 7592: 7588: 6850: 6776: 6599: 6526: 6308: 6303: 6254: 5956: 5585: 5531: 5456: 5132: 5067: 4909: 4892: 4870: 4703: 4678: 4617: 4519: 4272: 4187: 3931:

v70#1 (2006) 137–182; major historiographical overview of all important books and interpretations;

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in 1947 and the formal end of the KMT party-state, the National Revolutionary Army was renamed the

1870: 1746: 1551: 1389: 1198: 923: 587: 4289: 3471: 3453: 2365: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9104: 8901: 8814: 8714: 8591: 8283: 8273: 8094: 7838: 7640: 7616: 7600: 7548: 7457: 7448: 7222: 7047: 6781: 6674: 6398: 6293: 6264: 6259: 6006: 5788: 5504: 5390: 5385: 5290: 5265: 5209: 5043: 4995: 4830: 4751: 4746: 4688: 4612: 4597: 4456: 4237: 2498: 2372: 2322: 2269: 2241: 2165: 1625: 1395: 1255: 4411: 3584: 2711:. This building used to serve as the Headquarters of the Hubei Provincial Government during the 2519: 2253:, it became the offices of Legislative Yuan and Control Yuan. Now it is Nanjing Soldiers' Club. 9216: 9084: 9042: 8744: 8253: 8243: 8191: 8181: 7990: 7863: 7717: 7713: 7109: 7072: 6878: 6657: 6559: 6554: 6420: 6168: 6075: 5961: 5768: 5602: 5558: 5536: 5233: 4683: 4587: 4394: 4137: 3316: 2210: 1991: 1898: 1874: 1617: 1585: 894:, Yuan died in 1916, leaving a power vacuum which resulted in China being divided into several 3178: 3163: 2920: 8891: 8886: 8789: 8734: 8005: 7985: 7727: 7267: 7232: 6746: 6652: 6647: 6624: 6425: 6283: 6203: 6198: 5951: 5946: 5901: 5837: 5748: 5451: 5400: 5338: 5060: 4897: 4885: 4875: 4644: 4277: 4077: 2979: 2783: 2121: 1240: 357: 338: 3704: 3387:

Garnaut, Anthony (November 2013). "A Quantitative Description of the Henan Famine of 1942".

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The building is now served as Nanjing City Government Offices and the Committee of Nanjing,

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and unifying the country. The National Revolutionary Army received significant aid from the

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However, the rural economy was hit hard by the Great Depression of the 1930s, in which an

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The National Government governed under a dual-party state apparatus under the ideology of

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For Wang Jingwei's nationalist government collaborating with the Empire of Japan, see

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Fighting Famine in North China: State, Market, and Environmental Decline, 1690s–1990s

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Chen, Lifu; Myers, Ramon Hawley (1994). Chang, Hsu-hsin; Myers, Ramon Hawley (eds.).

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Forced conscription campaigns were conducted by the military; they are described by

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China during the Great Depression: Market, State, and the World Economy, 1929–1937

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In Search of Chinese Democracy: Civil Opposition in Nationalist China, 1929–1949

3228: 3206: 837: 834: 831: 828: 8976: 8483: 8398: 7970: 7935: 7257: 7197: 7176: 7129: 6978: 6953: 6751: 6574: 6381: 6051: 5983: 5906: 5753: 5707: 5692: 5687: 5670: 5655: 5441: 4796: 4791: 4721: 4307: 3963:

The Chinese People at War: Human Suffering and Social Transformation, 1937–1945

3614: 3054: 2805: 2582: 2133: 2041: 2003: 1978: 1909: 1802: 1690: 1563: 1493: 1460: 1385: 1373: 1206: 1170: 1062: 600: 319: 3400: 2491: 9387: 9318: 9211: 8961: 8508: 8473: 8458: 8443: 8423: 8367: 8352: 7695: 7309: 7262: 7162: 7040: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6943: 6903: 6437: 6193: 6153: 6016: 5763: 5597: 5436: 5238: 4559: 4547: 4389: 4250: 3896:

The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 13: Republican China, 1912–1949, Part 2.

3619:

The Collapse of Nationalist China: How Chiang Kai-shek Lost China's Civil War

3408: 2749: 2458:

The building was in the site of the National Central Hospital complex. It is

2249:

The building was Nanjing City Hall during the Japanese occupation. After the

2186: 1698: 1516:

from 1942 to 1943. In total, these famines cost at least 11.7 million lives.

878:. To preserve national unity, Sun ceded the presidency to military strongman 747: 699: 334: 3946:

Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937–1945

3889:

The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 12, Republican China 1912–1949. Part 1.

2964:

Li, Xiaobing, ed. (2012). "Zhang Xueliang (Chang Hsueh-liang) (1901–2001)".

2573:. So this building played an important role in the modern history of China. 1977:

Chinese industries continued to develop in the 1930s with the advent of the

1943: 1400: 9372: 9362: 8601: 8596: 8488: 8408: 7975: 7382: 6056: 5941: 5813: 5778: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4364: 4359: 4349: 4267: 4262: 2837: 2735: 2712: 1970:

and laid China to waste in eight years of war. The era also saw additional

1863: 1851: 1706: 1581: 1555: 1477: 1353: 1322: 1224: 1186: 1114: 1034: 965: 505: 3095: 1484:. To control the opposing KMT factions, Chiang relied increasingly on the 9278: 8560: 8545: 8513: 8493: 8418: 8372: 7568: 6918: 5635: 4552: 4537: 4344: 4302: 4297: 4245: 3875:

Seeds of Destruction: Nationalist China in War and Revolution, 1937–1945.

2277:

The building was destroyed by fire in April 1949. Only the gate remains.

2059:

on 1 October 1949. The Republic of China central government relocated to

1926: 1866: 1608:

From 1945 to 1947, under United States mediation, especially through the

1318: 1299:

The following year, as Generalissimo of the National Revolutionary Army,

1270:

while claiming that they were the legitimate government of the mainland.

1194: 895: 879: 867: 514: 499: 155: 3250: 1542:

against Japan by the Chongqing Nationalist Government on 9 December 1941

9247: 8621: 8611: 8555: 8550: 8518: 8503: 8478: 8362: 8357: 8337: 8082: 7774: 7660: 7386: 6619: 5808: 4716: 4527: 4255: 2922:

The storm clouds clear over China: the memoir of Chʻen Li-fu, 1900–1993

2762: 1855: 1832: 1654: 1649: 1444: 1310: 1210: 856: 462: 390: 3062: 3038: 1951: 8377: 8122: 8117: 7444: 5818: 5773: 4711: 4652: 3991:

The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China.

3648:

Revolutionary Becomings: Documentary Media in Twentieth-Century China

3541: 1559: 1481: 1469: 1440: 1293: 1162: 1093: 475: 281: 249: 7333: 2893:(in Traditional Chinese). Ministry of Education, ROC. Archived from 2286: 7252: 6579: 5893: 5886: 5199: 3984:

The Long March: The True History of Communist China's Founding Myth

2422: 2406:

The building is now served as the office of Nanjing Sports Bureau.

2124:'s Office in Qing dynasty, and as the Presidential Palace in 1948. 1959: 1955: 1675: 1505: 1349: 1305: 930:. The government was in place until it was replaced by the current 798: 694: 297: 6067: 3843:(Vol. I–IV and Index. 1967–1979). 600 short scholarly biographies 1858:, the National Revolutionary Army fought major engagements in the 1759: 8616: 8342: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4069: 3716:

https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/articles/c091-200411073.pdf

2673: 2056: 1929:

peasants into service and force marching them to assigned units.

1345: 1121: 903: 314: 273: 257: 9100:

Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance

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War and Popular Culture: Resistance in Modern China, 1937–1945

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The building was also served as the Supreme Prosecutor Office

1648:

under the constitution by the National Assembly in 1948, with

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The building is now occupied by some governmental officials.

1500:

of democracy, republicanism, science, constitutionalism, and

1361: 1143: 1129: 788: 265: 1209:(1927–37), when most of China came under the control of the 8468: 1193:

in China. Central authority waxed and waned in response to

3096:"Estimates, Sources, And Calculations, 1929 To June, 1937" 2715:

and now serves as the Wuchang Uprising Memorial Building.

1751: 9299:

Japanese in the Chinese resistance to the Empire of Japan

3705:

http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/lt/rb/608/608PDF/cyo.pdf

3347:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 303–307. 1763:

KMT troops rounding up Communist prisoners for execution

1517: 1105: 734:

Army and Navy Marshal stronghold of the Republic of China

7911: 6804: 1508:

of the Kuomintang. However, periodic famines continued:

855:

from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the nationalist

9028:

United Nations Conference on International Organization

2703:

During the Wuhan Nationalist Government and during the

1592:" of Taiwan to the Republic of China and established a 1205:(1927–49), with central authority strongest during the 4005:

Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946–1950.

3691: 3689: 1528:. In 1932, China for the first time sent teams to the 3939:

China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945

3559:

Decisive encounters: the Chinese Civil War, 1946–1950

1646:

elected as the 1st President of the Republic of China

1512:

from 1928 to 1930, in Sichuan from 1936 to 1937, and

1165:, the Republic of China was formally established on 1 1081: 1067: 1053: 1039: 167: 121: 62: 3794:

A short history of Taiwan: the case for independence

3478: 2725: 2460:

Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command

1379: 3927:Gordon, David M. "The China-Japan War, 1931–1945," 3765:

Land Wars: the Story of China's Agrarian Revolution

3686: 3903:The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography 3556: 2836: 1854:aid as a means for the KMT to unify China against 1670:Headquarters of the National Government in Nanjing 1317:through China with the intention of defeating the 3854:Boorman, Howard L. "Sun Yat-sen" in Boorman, ed. 2843:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. pp. 1550:in 1931, with hostilities continuing through the 918:under the Kuomintang, and was subsequently given 9385: 3894:Fairbank, John K. and Feuerwerker, Albert, eds. 3589:. Cambridge University Press, 1983, p. 190. 2980:"Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng Gémìng Wěiyuánhuì Jiǎnjiè" 2487:Ministry of Transportation & Communications 1546:The Nationalists faced a new challenge with the 1372:, at least nominally, marking the beginning the 9294:Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War 1472:, Political Study Clique, and fascist-inspired 1352:within the KMT still allied to the CCP, led by 876:Provisional Government of the Republic of China 38:. For the Nationalist government in Spain, see 9161:Army groups of the National Revolutionary Army 3586:The Nationalist Revolution in China, 1923–1928 3536:"首都卫戍司令部、淞沪重庆警备司令，分别致电函京沪渝中共代表，所有中共人员限期全部撤退". 2879: 2063:on 7 December 1949, to Taiwan where Japan had 1639:, the drafted Constitution was adopted by the 1566:. The government returned to Nanjing in 1946. 1404:Organisational chart of the KMT regime (1934). 9394:Politics of the Republic of China (1912–1949) 9033:Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance 7897: 7349: 6341: 6083: 5736: 4085: 3913:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 3470:. Time Magazine. 7 April 1947. Archived from 3452:. Time Magazine. 10 June 1946. Archived from 3395:(6). Cambridge University Press: 2034, 2044. 1822: 1812: 1713:. Chiang Kai-shek was appointed as the first 997: 981: 211: 175:National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China 161: 115: 55: 9324:Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists 9202:Anti-Japanese resistance volunteers in China 7685:Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists 3937:Hsiung, James C. and Steven I. Levine, eds. 3436:Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run 3176: 3014:Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia 820:National Government of the Republic of China 8775:Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 3856:Biographical Dictionary of Republican China 3839:Biographical Dictionary of Republican China 3253:(in Chinese). M.xzbu.com. 12 September 2012 2871:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFenby2009 ( 2669:Nationalist Government in Chongqing (1939) 2477:Chengxian Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 2230:Legislative Yuan (1946) & Control Yuan 1835:(KMT) from 1925 until 1947, as well as the 898:and rival governments. They were nominally 7904: 7890: 7356: 7342: 6090: 6076: 4092: 4078: 3833:(1998), 480 pages, the standard biography 3036: 2380:The building is now an office building of 2099:Headquarters of the Nationalist Government 1897:, with the bulk of its forces forming the 1189:and ending nearly three thousand years of 964: 231: 34:. For the 1926–1927 Wuhan government, see 27:Government of China between 1925 and 1948 3089: 3087: 3030: 2918: 866:on 10 October 1911, revolutionary leader 3433: 2692:Nationalist Government in Hankow (1927) 2628:Nationalist Government in Canton (1925) 1950: 1942: 1758: 1750: 1665: 1534: 1399: 130:National Anthem of the Republic of China 3882:The Nationalist Era in China, 1927–1949 3791: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3386: 3132: 3130: 2647:Nationalist Government in Wuhan (1926) 1807: 1480:and a right-wing faction influenced by 906:-based government led by Generalissimo 40:Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War) 14: 9386: 5027:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 3762: 3554: 3084: 3011: 2779:Communist-controlled China (1927–1949) 1254:between the ruling Kuomintang and the 1083: 360:parliamentary constitutional republic 9131: 9068: 8646: 8052: 7924: 7885: 7363: 7337: 6803: 6605:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity 6340: 6227: 6113: 6071: 4073: 3639: 3613: 3005: 2993:from the original on 12 November 2018 2867: 2619: 2089: 1939:Economic history of China (1912–1949) 1891:Constitution of the Republic of China 1630:Constitution of the Republic of China 1476:opposed by a left-wing faction under 1260:Constitution of the Republic of China 936:Constitution of the Republic of China 6615:Special non-state-to-state relations 3908: 3645: 3592: 3293: 3170: 3136: 3127: 3121: 1947:A currency bill from 1930, early ROC 1569: 1436: 1421: 9399:Government of the Republic of China 9171:Japanese armoured fighting vehicles 8221:Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army 6097: 5723:Major Historical and Cultural Sites 4057:Government of the Republic of China 3016:. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. 2834: 2796:Sino-German cooperation (1926–1941) 2758:Government of the Republic of China 2697:Wuchang Uprising Memorial Building 2616: 2610: 2086: 2080: 1811:), pre-1928 sometimes shortened to 1715:Chairman of the National Government 1264:Government of the Republic of China 932:Government of the Republic of China 851:), refers to the government of the 761:Government of the Republic of China 657:Government of the Republic of China 24: 9132: 4861: 4099: 3486:"Taiwan Timeline – Civil War" 3337: 3309:Journal of Guyuan Teachers College 3164:"禁纏足、興女學：南京國民政府在興女權上做出巨大努力 – 雪花新闻" 3093: 2972: 2963: 2801:Diplomatic history of World War II 1743:Republic of China Military Academy 25: 9445: 9309:1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet 8647: 5018:Political Consultative Conference 4012: 3438:. Paris: OECD Development Centre. 3360: 2578:Residence of the Chairman (1946) 2497:No.303-305 Zhongshan North Road, 2164:No.252-254 Zhongshan North Road, 1614:Political Consultative Conference 1580:After the defeat of Japan during 1380:Nanjing Decade and War with Japan 1161:The oldest surviving republic in 9367: 9357: 9348: 9347: 9314:Japanese occupation of Hong Kong 8128:East Hebei Autonomous Government 8053: 7825:ROC Government retreat to Taiwan 7509: 7496: 7477: 7461: 7452: 7443: 7432: 7414: 7401: 7391: 7381: 7315: 7303: 7292: 7291: 6534:List of administrative divisions 5804:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty 5799:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty 4018: 3836:Boorman, Howard L., et al., ed. 2742: 2728: 2672: 2657:No.708, Zhongshan Avenue, Wuhan 2650: 2581: 2545: 2518: 2490: 2470: 2442: 2414: 2391: 2364: 2338: 2314: 2285: 2261: 2233: 2209: 2185: 2157: 2132: 2103: 1584:, Taiwan was surrendered to the 948:History of the Republic of China 765: 740: 726: 540:• Established in Guangzhou 217: 181: 138: 94: 80: 9409:1948 disestablishments in China 8805:West Henan–North Hubei campaign 7814:Yangtze River Crossing campaign 7316: 5794:Four Paragons of the Early Tang 4991:Political parties and movements 4355:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 4340:Northern and Southern dynasties 3929:The Journal of Military History 3785: 3756: 3747: 3738: 3729: 3720: 3709: 3698: 3677: 3668: 3577: 3548: 3529: 3520: 3504: 3460: 3442: 3427: 3380: 3354: 3331: 3287: 3265: 3243: 3221: 3199: 3156: 3137:Teon, Aris (28 February 2018). 3114: 2070: 1987:Japan's occupation of Manchuria 1144: 1130: 1106: 337:provisional government under a 8239:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces 8138:Provisional Chinese Government 8011:Hebei–Chahar Political Council 7951:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 7925: 4025:Nationalist Government (China) 3273:"抗戰前推動「普及教育案」的背景與實際作為 – 大中華民國" 2957: 2942: 2912: 2861: 2828: 2515:National Assembly Hall (1936) 2065:laid an educational groundwork 1895:Republic of China Armed Forces 1823: 1813: 1797: 1788: 1780: 1548:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1498:Three Principles of the People 1177:, which itself began with the 1082: 1068: 1054: 1040: 998: 982: 862:Following the outbreak of the 848:Zhōnghuá mínguó guómín zhèngfǔ 847: 593:7 July 1937 – 2 September 1945 18:Nationalist Government (China) 13: 1: 9253:Declaration by United Nations 9069: 9018:Yan'an Rectification Movement 8957:Kaimingjie germ weapon attack 8306:Collaborationist Chinese Army 7854:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency 7829:PRC incorporation of Xinjiang 7421:Constitutional ROC Government 6228: 6127:Timeline of Taiwanese history 3792:Davison, Gary Marvin (2003). 3744:Sun Jian, pp. 1237–1240. 3563:. Stanford University Press. 3012:Forbes, Andrew D. W. (1986). 2966:China at War: An Encyclopedia 2948: 2925:. Hoover Press. p. 102. 2816: 2768:Republic of China (1912–1949) 2541:National Assembly Hall (1946) 2508:PLA Nanjing Political College 2388:Ministry of Economic Affairs 2371:No.200 Zhongshan North Road, 2361:National Resource Commission 2321:No.101 Zhongshan North Road, 2240:No.105 Zhongshan North Road, 2175:PLA Nanjing Political College 2014:Rural Reconstruction Movement 1821:and between 1928 and 1947 as 1661: 9404:1927 establishments in China 9222:Soviet invasion of Manchuria 9095:Chinese Communist Revolution 9038:Hirohito surrender broadcast 9008:Nine Power Treaty Conference 8745:Zhongtiao Mountains campaign 7843:Wanshan Archipelago Campaign 7579:Chinese Communist Revolution 6892:Taiwanese indigenous peoples 6630:Taiwan independence movement 5096:Ministry of National Defense 4435:Chinese Communist Revolution 3763:DeMare, Brian James (2019). 2821: 2709:Wuhan Nationalist Government 2449:No.305 Zhongshan East Road, 2398:No.145 Zhongshan East Road, 2335:Military Affairs Commission 2292:No.41-43 Beijing East Road, 1972:boycott of Japanese products 1831:was the Military Arm of the 1597:in what is now known as the 1576:Chinese Communist Revolution 1358:rival Nationalist Government 1284:Wuhan Nationalist Government 1185:October 1911, replacing the 36:Wuhan Nationalist government 7: 8927:Zhengding Missionary Murder 8755:1941-1942 Changsha campaign 8730:Hundred Regiments Offensive 8143:Reformed Chinese Government 7439:Republic of China on Taiwan 7407:National Revolutionary Army 7375:Principal belligerents and 6787:Water supply and sanitation 6114: 5759:Flowers of the Four Seasons 5744:Four Treasures of the Study 5363:Water supply and sanitation 5091:Central Military Commission 5086:Outline of military history 4836:Province-level subdivisions 3968:Rubinstein, Murray A., ed. 3941:(1992), essays by scholars 3909:Fung, Edmund S. K. (2000). 3726:Sun Jian, pp. 615–616. 3516:. Vol. 40. Time. 1956. 3468:"Snow Red & Moon Angel" 3231:. Yangtse.com. 29 June 2020 3209:. Yangtse.com. 29 June 2020 2839:Taiwan: A Political History 2789:Mongolian People's Republic 2721: 1996:foreign investment in China 1903:retreated to Taiwan in 1949 1843:during the KMT's period of 1769:National Revolutionary Army 1755:The NRA during World War II 1737:National Revolutionary Army 1730: 1711:National Revolutionary Army 1616:. This was included in the 1486:National Revolutionary Army 1273: 168: 122: 63: 10: 9450: 8982:Zhejiang-Jiangxi massacres 8962:Execution of Huang Yiguang 8907:Marco Polo Bridge Incident 8760:Japanese invasion of Burma 8720:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 8685:Northern and Eastern Henan 8570:Japanese and collaborators 8387:Japanese and collaborators 8232:Japanese and collaborators 8106:Japanese and collaborators 8036:Marco Polo Bridge Incident 7651:Fujian People's Government 7517:People's Republic of China 7105:Inventions and discoveries 6610:Political status of Taiwan 6179:Taiwan under Japanese rule 5032:Primary stage of socialism 4974:National People's Congress 4442:People's Republic of China 3822: 3623:Cambridge University Press 3621:. Cambridge New York, NY: 3526:评马歇尔离华声明，周恩来选集上卷，1947-1-10 3275:. Stararctic108.weebly.com 3055:10.1177/009770049702300403 2569:and the birthplace of the 2567:1948 presidential election 2427:Huangpu District, Shanghai 1936: 1932: 1850:Originally organized with 1740: 1734: 1678:, effectively making it a 1637:National Assembly election 1573: 1393: 1383: 1277: 1245:political status of Taiwan 945: 941: 914:governed the country as a 29: 9343: 9261: 9230: 9194: 9181:Japanese infantry weapons 9148: 9144: 9127: 9075: 9064: 9000: 8869: 8823: 8765:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 8657: 8653: 8642: 8569: 8538: 8531: 8386: 8325: 8318: 8231: 8169: 8160: 8105: 8070: 8063: 8059: 8048: 7966:Defense of the Great Wall 7956:Pacification of Manchukuo 7931: 7920: 7524: 7371: 7287: 7148: 7065: 6929: 6877: 6870: 6827: 6799: 6638: 6547: 6500: 6365: 6336: 6242: 6223: 6122: 6109: 6029: 5997: 5915: 5836: 5616: 5422: 5413: 5371: 5331: 5173: 5164: 5076: 4927: 4857: 4848: 4811: 4782:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves 4737: 4671: 4580: 4518: 4490: 4481: 4410: 4288: 4236: 4196: 4120: 4111: 4052: 4045: 4033: 3957:complete text online free 3813:and 71.3 percent in 1943. 3769:Stanford University Press 3652:Columbia University Press 3583:Wilbur, Clarence Martin. 3555:Westad, Odd Arne (2003). 3513:Truman, China and History 3401:10.1017/S0026749X13000103 3363:"Sichuan famine, 1936–37" 3179:"Gender Quotas in Taiwan" 3143:The Greater China Journal 3037:Fitzgerald, John (1997). 2258:Judicial Yuan's Entrance 1370:unified the entire nation 1155: 1137: 1120: 1113: 1099: 1092: 1075: 1061: 1047: 1033: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1007: 991: 975: 963: 959: 954: 934:in the newly promulgated 920:international recognition 827: 781: 705: 693: 671: 667: 653: 640: 627: 610: 597: 584: 571: 561: 548: 538: 534: 526: 511: 496: 486: 482: 469: 456: 452: 442: 438: 426: 422: 414: 410: 397: 384: 380: 370: 325: 313: 303: 293: 242: 230: 212: 204: 162: 116: 110: 76: 71: 56: 49: 9429:Second Sino-Japanese War 9207:American Volunteer Group 8967:New Fourth Army incident 8952:Tientsin Incident (1939) 8877:Tientsin Incident (1931) 8861:Battle of Guilin–Liuzhou 8800:1944-1945 Burma campaign 8725:Zaoyang–Yichang campaign 8705:Suixian–Zaoyang campaign 8177:Nationalist Armed Forces 7913:Second Sino-Japanese War 7502:People's Liberation Army 6600:One Country on Each Side 6512:Administrative divisions 5957:Catholic Church in China 5101:People's Liberation Army 5068:One country, two systems 3868:China at War, 1901–1949. 3304: 3296: 3229:"从合礼到非法：纳妾制度在中国是如何被废除的？" 3207:"从合礼到非法：纳妾制度在中国是如何被废除的？" 3102:. Transaction Publishers 2981: 2968:. ABC-CLIO. p. 531. 2950: 2811: 2554:Xuanwu District, Nanjing 2552:No.264 Changjiang Road, 2451:Xuanwu District, Nanjing 2400:Xuanwu District, Nanjing 2345:No.292 Changjiang Road, 2206:Legislative Yuan (1928) 2194:Xuanwu District, Nanjing 2110:No.292 Changjiang Road, 2023:Second Chinese Civil War 2019:Second Sino-Japanese War 1883:People's Liberation Army 1871:Second Sino-Japanese War 1747:Whampoa Military Academy 1552:Second Sino-Japanese War 1390:Second Sino-Japanese War 1329:and get rid of the KMT. 1250:After World War II, the 977:Traditional Chinese 924:Second Sino-Japanese War 588:Second Sino-Japanese War 563:• Reset in Nanjing 9238:Sino-German cooperation 9105:Treaty of San Francisco 8902:Murder of Pamela Werner 8841:1944 Battle of Changsha 8836:Battle of Central Henan 8815:Second Guangxi campaign 8592:Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu 8270:Manchukuo Armed Forces 8095:Chinese Communist Party 7981:Inner Mongolia Campaign 7641:Chinese Soviet Republic 7617:Autumn Harvest Uprising 6782:Uniform Invoice lottery 6697:State-owned enterprises 6470:Office of the President 5789:Four Pillars of Destiny 5574:Regional discrimination 4996:Chinese Communist Party 4047:Nationalist government 3887:Fairbank, John K., ed. 3845:excerpt and text search 3829:Bergere, Marie-Claire. 3695:Sun Jian, p. 1089. 3683:Sun Jian, p. 1353. 3674:Sun Jian, pp. 1059–1071 3338:Li, Lillian M. (2007). 3297:浅析1928-1930年西北大旱灾的特点及影响 2499:Gulou District, Nanjing 2382:Nanjing Tech University 2373:Gulou District, Nanjing 2323:Gulou District, Nanjing 2270:Gulou District, Nanjing 2268:No.251 Zhongshan Road, 2242:Gulou District, Nanjing 2166:Gulou District, Nanjing 1626:China Democratic League 1396:Chinese Soviet Republic 1256:Chinese Communist Party 1231:surrendered control of 993:Simplified Chinese 599:• Admitted to the 304:Official languages 169:Zhōnghuá míngúo gúoqígē 9434:Military dictatorships 9217:Soviet Volunteer Group 9085:Double Tenth Agreement 9043:Chongqing Negotiations 8750:1941 Changsha campaign 8715:First Guangxi campaign 8710:1939 Changsha campaign 8577:Prince Kan'in Kotohito 8206:Communist Armed Forces 7996:Chin–Doihara Agreement 7864:Project National Glory 7839:Hainan Island campaign 7718:Double Tenth Agreement 7714:Chongqing Negotiations 7631:Encirclement campaigns 6742:Semiconductor industry 6560:Cross-Strait relations 6517:Special municipalities 6169:Taiwan under Qing rule 5542:Science and technology 5215:Special economic zones 4467:persecution of Uyghurs 4395:Century of humiliation 3880:Eastman Lloyd, et al. 3302:Gùyuán Shīzhuān Xuébào 3294:Chen, Sherong (2002). 3100:China's Bloody Century 2467:Ministry of Education 2182:Executive Yuan (1949) 2154:Executive Yuan (1946) 2129:Executive Yuan (1928) 2120:The complex served as 1985:from 1931 to 1935 and 1963: 1948: 1919: 1899:Republic of China Army 1875:Imperial Japanese Army 1764: 1756: 1671: 1618:Double Tenth Agreement 1543: 1405: 890:to install himself as 882:, who established the 816:Nationalist government 261:(1927–1937, 1946–1949) 8892:North Chahar incident 8887:Pingdingshan massacre 8006:December 9th Movement 7986:North Chahar incident 7728:Jiaochangkou Incident 6625:Taiwanese nationalism 6144:Early Chinese contact 5749:Four Great Inventions 5133:People's Armed Police 3970:Taiwan: A New History 3753:Sun Jian, pp. 617–618 3434:Maddison, A. (1998). 2953:(in Chinese). 联经出版公司. 2565:. It was the site of 2192:Zhongshan East Road, 2139:No.19 Dongjian Road, 2122:Viceroy of Liangjiang 1954: 1946: 1937:Further information: 1914: 1762: 1754: 1669: 1594:provincial government 1538: 1526:Central Bank of China 1403: 1384:Further information: 1338:purged the Communists 872:Provisional President 339:military dictatorship 123:Zhōnghuá mínguó guógē 9186:Military engagements 8947:1938 Dalfram dispute 8851:Battle of Mount Song 8735:South Henan campaign 8680:Bombing of Chongqing 8434:Naruhiko Higashikuni 8296:Inner Mongolian Army 8133:Great Way Government 8001:August 1 Declaration 6137:archaeological sites 5728:World Heritage Sites 5256:Foreign aid received 4964:Environmental policy 4762:Environmental policy 4757:Environmental issues 4027:at Wikimedia Commons 3860:complete text online 3389:Modern Asian Studies 3311:] (in Chinese). 2216:No.273 Baixia Road, 1862:against the Chinese 1808:Kuo-min Ke-ming Chün 1599:February 28 Incident 1356:, had established a 644:Constitution adopted 631:February 28 incident 580:1927–1936, 1946–1950 9269:Japanese propaganda 9080:Occupation of Japan 8917:Guanganmen incident 8882:January 28 incident 8790:1944 Burma campaign 8780:West Hubei campaign 8148:Wang Jingwei regime 8031:Second United Front 7961:January 28 incident 7681:Second United Front 7601:Nanjing–Wuhan split 7549:Sun–Joffe Manifesto 7398:National Government 7275:Tourist attractions 6732:Maritime industries 6665:Automotive industry 6570:Chinese nationalism 6565:Chinese unification 6409:Additional Articles 6174:Republic of Formosa 6164:Kingdom of Tungning 5974:History of religion 5969:Freedom of religion 5824:Four Pests campaign 5769:Four Classic Novels 5381:Automotive industry 5261:Foreign aid program 4952:Pro-democratisation 4447:Cultural Revolution 4007:(2003). 413 pages. 3975:Shiroyama, Tomoko. 3858:(1970) 3: 170–189, 3767:. Stanford, Calif: 3646:Qian, Ying (2024). 3456:on 14 January 2005. 3450:"This Is the Shame" 3315:(1). Archived from 2835:Roy, Denny (2003). 2439:Ministry of Health 2423:East-1 Zhongshan Rd 2050:land redistribution 1860:Northern Expedition 1847:beginning in 1928. 1777:traditional Chinese 1622:Chinese Youth Party 1502:Chinese Nationalism 1474:Blue Shirts Society 1315:Northern Expedition 1292:was established in 1280:Northern Expedition 1201:(1937–45), and the 912:Northern Expedition 552:Northern Expedition 32:Wang Jingwei regime 9176:Japanese campaigns 9156:Aerial engagements 9115:Murayama Statement 9048:Surrender of Japan 9013:Konoe Declarations 8992:Gegenmiao massacre 8987:Changjiao massacre 8937:USS Panay incident 8856:Battle of Hengyang 8846:Siege of Myitkyina 7991:He–Umezu Agreement 7621:Guangzhou Uprising 7559:First United Front 6939:Formosan languages 6762:Telecommunications 6595:North–South divide 6539:Metropolitan areas 5881:Population history 5861:Internal migration 5476:Harmonious Society 5351:Telecommunications 5308:Standard of living 5227:Online advertising 4979:Standing Committee 4037:Beiyang government 4003:Westad, Odd Arne. 3866:Dreyer, Edward L. 3798:Praeger Publishers 3177:Chang-Ling Huang. 2773:Beiyang government 2633:No.118 Yuehua rd, 2620:Construction Date 2090:Construction Date 1964: 1949: 1819:Revolutionary Army 1785:simplified Chinese 1765: 1757: 1672: 1544: 1506:Political Tutelage 1411:political tutelage 1406: 1366:Beiyang government 1332:Chiang decided to 1107:Jūng'wàh Màhn'gwok 910:, which after the 902:in 1928 under the 884:Beiyang government 346:Unitary one-party 9381: 9380: 9339: 9338: 9335: 9334: 9289:On Protracted War 9166:Japanese Aircraft 9123: 9122: 9060: 9059: 9056: 9055: 8972:Panjiayu massacre 8912:Langfang Incident 8831:Battle of Lanfeng 8810:Zhijiang campaign 8795:Operation Ichi-Go 8740:Shanggao campaign 8700:Nanchang campaign 8665:Shanghai campaign 8638: 8637: 8634: 8633: 8630: 8629: 8527: 8526: 8464:Shigetarō Shimada 8404:Kiichirō Hiranuma 8319:Political Leaders 8314: 8313: 8211:Eighth Route Army 8156: 8155: 8078:Republic of China 8044: 8043: 8016:Wayaobu Manifesto 7941:Chinese Civil War 7879: 7878: 7874: 7873: 7869: 7868: 7783:Liaoshen campaign 7765:Yu Zisan Incident 7732:Peiping rape case 7701: 7700: 7613:Nanchang uprising 7609:Little Long March 7597:Shanghai massacre 7387:Nationalist Party 7365:Chinese Civil War 7331: 7330: 7283: 7282: 7061: 7060: 7031:Taiwanese Hokkien 6795: 6794: 6590:Foreign relations 6503:Regions of Taiwan 6487:Political parties 6475:Secretary-General 6332: 6331: 6279:Protected species 6219: 6218: 6189:Retreat to Taiwan 6184:Republic of China 6149:Kingdom of Middag 6065: 6064: 6025: 6024: 5832: 5831: 5409: 5408: 5396:Shipping industry 5160: 5159: 5126:Strategic Support 5001:General Secretary 4986:National security 4969:Foreign relations 4923: 4922: 4844: 4843: 4807: 4806: 4510:Natural disasters 4477: 4476: 4430:Chinese Civil War 4425:Republic of China 4400:Taiping Rebellion 4273:Spring and Autumn 4178:Foreign relations 4068: 4067: 4053:Succeeded by 4023:Media related to 3999:978-0-674-03338-2 3951:Hung, Chang-tai. 3944:Hsi-sheng, Ch'i. 3901:Fogel, Joshua A. 3847:. Also online at 3778:978-1-5036-0952-5 3735:Sun Jian, p. 1319 3632:978-1-009-29761-5 3474:on 17 March 2005. 3094:Rummel, Rudolph. 3023:978-0-521-25514-1 2897:on 3 January 2020 2784:Tibet (1912–1951) 2719: 2718: 2603: 2602: 2588:Purple Mountain, 2563:National Assembly 2282:Examination Yuan 1879:Chinese Civil War 1841:Republic of China 1798:Guómín Gémìng Jūn 1641:National Assembly 1603:Taiwanese history 1570:Post-World War II 1510:in Northern China 1449:Chang Hsueh-liang 1342:Chinese Civil War 1290:Republic of China 1203:Chinese Civil War 1199:Japanese invasion 1175:Xinhai Revolution 1159: 1158: 1151: 1150: 1145:Tiong-huâ bîn-kok 1131:Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok 1101:Yale Romanization 1069:Chung-hua min-kuo 1028:Standard Mandarin 955:Republic of China 928:Chinese Civil War 864:Xinhai Revolution 853:Republic of China 818:, officially the 812: 811: 777: 776: 773: 772: 753: 752: 684:Old Taiwan dollar 575:Chinese Civil War 491:National Assembly 471:• 1947–1948 458:• 1928–1930 428:• 1931–1946 399:• 1943–1948 269:(1927, 1937–1938) 196: 149: 51:Republic of China 16:(Redirected from 9441: 9371: 9361: 9351: 9350: 9146: 9145: 9129: 9128: 9110:Treaty of Taipei 9090:Retrocession Day 9066: 9065: 9023:Cairo Conference 9001:Political events 8977:Rape of Nancheng 8942:Kweilin incident 8932:Nanking Massacre 8785:Changde campaign 8675:Nanjing campaign 8670:Taiyuan campaign 8655: 8654: 8644: 8643: 8536: 8535: 8532:Military Leaders 8439:Seishirō Itagaki 8394:Emperor Hirohito 8323: 8322: 8259:Navy Air Service 8249:Army Air Service 8167: 8166: 8068: 8067: 8061: 8060: 8050: 8049: 8021:Suiyuan campaign 7922: 7921: 7906: 7899: 7892: 7883: 7882: 7797:Pingjin campaign 7793:Huaihai campaign 7742:Marshall Mission 7707: 7706: 7593:Shanghai Commune 7589:Nanking incident 7542: 7541: 7527: 7526: 7515: 7513: 7512: 7500: 7481: 7465: 7456: 7447: 7437: 7436: 7425:ROC Armed Forces 7419: 7418: 7405: 7396: 7395: 7385: 7358: 7351: 7344: 7335: 7334: 7319: 7318: 7307: 7295: 7294: 7183:Cultural history 7135:Waste management 6887:Taiwanese people 6875: 6874: 6829:National symbols 6808:National Symbols 6801: 6800: 6717:Economic history 6712: 6704:Defense industry 6548:Political issues 6453:Military history 6338: 6337: 6225: 6224: 6111: 6110: 6092: 6085: 6078: 6069: 6068: 6045: 6038: 5935:Tibetan Buddhism 5930:Chinese Buddhism 5784:Four Holy Beasts 5734: 5733: 5586:Social relations 5515:Standard Chinese 5510:Chinese language 5420: 5419: 5205:Economic history 5171: 5170: 5150:Maritime Militia 4859: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4826:Border crossings 4821:Baseline islands 4516: 4515: 4488: 4487: 4452:Tiananmen Square 4335:Sixteen Kingdoms 4143:Military history 4118: 4117: 4094: 4087: 4080: 4071: 4070: 4063: 4059: 4042: 4034:Preceded by 4031: 4030: 4022: 3924: 3898:(1986). 1092 pp. 3891:(1983). 1001 pp. 3870:(1995). 422 pp. 3849:Internet Archive 3816: 3815: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3760: 3754: 3751: 3745: 3742: 3736: 3733: 3727: 3724: 3718: 3713: 3707: 3702: 3696: 3693: 3684: 3681: 3675: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3650:. 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6159:Spanish Formosa 6118: 6105: 6096: 6066: 6061: 6048: 6041: 6034: 6021: 5993: 5911: 5871:Life expectancy 5828: 5732: 5612: 5532:Public holidays 5520:Written Chinese 5505:Intellectualism 5457:Sex trafficking 5405: 5367: 5327: 5156: 5072: 4919: 4910:Nationality law 4893:Law enforcement 4871:Judicial system 4840: 4803: 4777:Nature reserves 4767:Protected areas 4733: 4704:Water resources 4667: 4576: 4514: 4473: 4457:Economic reform 4420:1911 Revolution 4406: 4370:Jin (1115–1234) 4284: 4232: 4192: 4107: 4098: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4015: 4010: 3972:(2006), 560 pp 3921: 3873:Eastman Lloyd. 3825: 3820: 3819: 3808: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3714: 3710: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3687: 3682: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3644: 3640: 3633: 3615:Coble, Parks M. 3612: 3593: 3582: 3578: 3571: 3553: 3549: 3544:. 1 March 1947. 3535: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3448: 3447: 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1413: 1398: 1392: 1382: 1301:Chiang Kai-shek 1286: 1278:Main articles: 1276: 1229:Empire of Japan 1218:one-party state 1213:(KMT) under an 1182: 1166: 1055:Jonghwa Min'gwo 1049:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 1041:Zhōnghuá mínguó 1013:Chunghwa Minkuo 971: 950: 944: 916:one-party state 908:Chiang Kai-shek 808: 766: 741: 727: 689: 660: 646: 633: 623:25 October 1945 620: 616:Taiwan and the 614:Retrocession of 606:24 October 1945 603: 590: 577: 564: 554: 541: 517: 502: 472: 459: 433:Chiang Kai-shek 429: 404:Chiang Kai-shek 400: 387: 366: 361: 351: 341: 289: 284: 276: 268: 260: 252: 238: 226: 223: 222: 216: 210: 200: 199: 182: 178: 172: 166: 152: 139: 134: 127: 126: 120: 106: 105: 104: 99: 91: 90: 85: 67: 64:Zhōnghuá mínguó 61: 54: 52: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9447: 9437: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9424:1940s in China 9421: 9419:1930s in China 9416: 9414:1920s in China 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9379: 9378: 9376: 9375: 9365: 9355: 9344: 9341: 9340: 9337: 9336: 9333: 9332: 9330: 9329: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9265: 9263: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9234: 9232: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9198: 9196: 9192: 9191: 9189: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9152: 9150: 9142: 9141: 9138: 9137: 9136:Related topics 9133: 9125: 9124: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9076: 9073: 9072: 9062: 9061: 9058: 9057: 9054: 9053: 9051: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9004: 9002: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8897:Xi'an Incident 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8873: 8871: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8827: 8825: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8690:Wuhan campaign 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8661: 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8065: 8057: 8056: 8046: 8045: 8042: 8041: 8039: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8026:Xi'an Incident 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7971:Battle of Rehe 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7936:Nanjing decade 7932: 7929: 7928: 7918: 7917: 7909: 7908: 7901: 7894: 7886: 7877: 7876: 7872: 7871: 7867: 7866: 7861: 7857: 7856: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7836: 7832: 7831: 7804: 7800: 7799: 7790: 7786: 7785: 7772: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7758: 7757: 7749: 7745: 7744: 7739: 7735: 7734: 7725: 7721: 7720: 7711: 7705: 7703: 7699: 7698: 7693: 7689: 7688: 7678: 7674: 7673: 7671:Xi'an Incident 7668: 7664: 7663: 7658: 7654: 7653: 7648: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7634: 7633: 7628: 7624: 7623: 7586: 7582: 7581: 7576: 7572: 7571: 7566: 7562: 7561: 7556: 7552: 7551: 7546: 7540: 7537: 7536: 7531: 7525: 7522: 7521: 7483:8th Route Army 7474:Liberated Area 7380: 7379: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7361: 7360: 7353: 7346: 7338: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7325: 7313: 7301: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7272: 7271: 7270: 7260: 7258:Taiwanese wave 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7198:Glove puppetry 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7154: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7130:Taiwan studies 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7091: 7090: 7085: 7075: 7069: 7067: 7063: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7018: 7017: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6935: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6901: 6900: 6899: 6889: 6883: 6881: 6872: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6844: 6839: 6833: 6831: 6825: 6824: 6821: 6820: 6815: 6812: 6809: 6805: 6797: 6796: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6777:Transportation 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6752:Taiwan Miracle 6749: 6747:Stock exchange 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6706: 6701: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6684: 6683: 6682: 6677: 6667: 6662: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6644: 6642: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6575:Chinese Taipei 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6551: 6549: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6508: 6506: 6501: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6483: 6482: 6480:Vice President 6477: 6472: 6462: 6457: 6456: 6455: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6418: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6390: 6389: 6378: 6376: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6342: 6334: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6304:National parks 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6246: 6244: 6240: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6229: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6212: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6140: 6139: 6129: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6107: 6106: 6095: 6094: 6087: 6080: 6072: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6054: 6047: 6046: 6039: 6031: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6003: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5921: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5890: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5842: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5754:Four Gentlemen 5751: 5746: 5740: 5738: 5737:Fours of China 5731: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5674: 5673: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5622: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5583: 5582: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5556: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5523: 5522: 5517: 5507: 5502: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5494: 5493: 5478: 5473: 5472: 5471: 5461: 5460: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5423: 5417: 5411: 5410: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5386:Civil aviation 5383: 5377: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5365: 5360: 5359: 5358: 5348: 5347: 5346: 5335: 5333: 5332:Infrastructure 5329: 5328: 5326: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5286:Semiconductors 5283: 5278: 5268: 5266:Historical GDP 5263: 5258: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5212: 5202: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5185: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5162: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5154: 5153: 5152: 5142: 5141: 5140: 5130: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5082: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5044:Vice President 5036: 5035: 5034: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5010: 5009: 5008: 5003: 4988: 4983: 4982: 4981: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4955: 4954: 4944: 4939: 4933: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4890: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4873: 4867: 4865: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4817: 4815: 4809: 4808: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4794: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4772:National parks 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4752:Climate policy 4749: 4747:Climate change 4743: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4653:Central Plains 4642: 4637: 4636: 4635: 4630: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4574: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4524: 4522: 4513: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4500:Extreme points 4497: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4432: 4422: 4416: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4404: 4403: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4308:Three Kingdoms 4305: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4281: 4280: 4278:Warring States 4275: 4270: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4248: 4242: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4208: 4202: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4169: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4138:Historiography 4135: 4130: 4124: 4122: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4097: 4096: 4089: 4082: 4074: 4066: 4065: 4062:(1948–present) 4054: 4051: 4044: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4014: 4013:External links 4011: 4009: 4008: 4001: 3987: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3959: 3949: 3942: 3935: 3925: 3919: 3906: 3899: 3892: 3885: 3878: 3871: 3864: 3863: 3862: 3834: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3806: 3800:. p. 64. 3784: 3777: 3771:. p. 18. 3755: 3746: 3737: 3728: 3719: 3708: 3697: 3685: 3676: 3667: 3660: 3638: 3631: 3591: 3576: 3569: 3547: 3528: 3519: 3503: 3477: 3459: 3441: 3426: 3379: 3353: 3330: 3319:on 7 July 2011 3286: 3264: 3242: 3220: 3198: 3169: 3155: 3126: 3113: 3083: 3029: 3022: 3004: 2971: 2956: 2941: 2931: 2911: 2878: 2860: 2853: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2806:Nanjing decade 2803: 2798: 2793: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2765: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2739: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2716: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2677: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2648: 2644: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2586: 2579: 2575: 2574: 2559: 2556: 2550: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2523: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2504: 2501: 2495: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2456: 2453: 2447: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2419: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2396: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2378: 2375: 2369: 2362: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2343: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2319: 2312: 2311:Supreme Court 2308: 2307: 2300: 2297: 2290: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2266: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2247: 2244: 2238: 2231: 2227: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2214: 2207: 2203: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2190: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2171: 2168: 2162: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2137: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2118: 2115: 2108: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2072: 2069: 2048:The communist 2042:hyperinflation 2004:overproduction 1979:Nanjing decade 1934: 1931: 1910:Rudolph Rummel 1735:Main article: 1732: 1729: 1691:Executive Yuan 1663: 1660: 1574:Main article: 1571: 1568: 1564:United Nations 1494:Nanjing Decade 1461:Rudolph Rummel 1457:even rebellion 1453:Xi'an Incident 1386:Nanjing decade 1381: 1378: 1374:Nanjing Decade 1309:leader of the 1275: 1272: 1223:At the end of 1207:Nanjing Decade 1173:following the 1171:mainland China 1157: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1127: 1118: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1103: 1097: 1096: 1094:Yue: Cantonese 1090: 1089: 1079: 1073: 1072: 1065: 1059: 1058: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1037: 1031: 1030: 1024: 1023: 1022:Transcriptions 1015: 1014: 1011: 1005: 1004: 995: 989: 988: 979: 973: 972: 969: 961: 960: 957: 956: 946:Main article: 943: 940: 810: 809: 807: 806: 801: 796: 791: 785: 783: 779: 778: 775: 774: 771: 770: 763: 754: 751: 750: 745: 737: 736: 731: 719: 718: 713: 703: 702: 697: 691: 690: 688: 687: 681: 675: 673: 669: 668: 665: 664: 661: 654: 651: 650: 647: 641: 638: 637: 634: 628: 625: 624: 621: 611: 608: 607: 604: 601:United Nations 598: 595: 594: 591: 585: 582: 581: 578: 572: 569: 568: 565: 562: 559: 558: 555: 549: 546: 545: 542: 539: 536: 535: 532: 531: 528: 524: 523: 518: 512: 509: 508: 503: 497: 494: 493: 488: 484: 483: 480: 479: 473: 470: 467: 466: 460: 457: 454: 453: 450: 449: 446: 440: 439: 436: 435: 430: 427: 424: 423: 420: 419: 416: 412: 411: 408: 407: 401: 398: 395: 394: 388: 385: 382: 381: 378: 377: 374: 368: 367: 365: 364: 358:dominant-party 354: 344: 331: 329: 323: 322: 317: 311: 310: 305: 301: 300: 295: 291: 290: 288: 287: 279: 271: 263: 255: 246: 244: 240: 239: 236: 228: 227: 202: 201: 180: 153: 137: 108: 107: 100: 93: 92: 86: 79: 78: 77: 74: 73: 69: 68: 53: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9446: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9374: 9370: 9366: 9364: 9360: 9356: 9354: 9346: 9345: 9342: 9328:Stubborn Army 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9319:Dixie Mission 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9266: 9264: 9260: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9229: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9212:Flying Tigers 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9193: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9135: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9077: 9074: 9067: 9063: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9005: 9003: 8999: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8868: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8824:Major Battles 8822: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8648:Course of War 8645: 8641: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8568: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8530: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8509:Liang Hongzhi 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8474:Zhang Jinghui 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8459:Zengo Yoshida 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8444:Shunroku Hata 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8424:Kuniaki Koiso 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8385: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8368:Zhang Wentian 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8353:Soong Tse-ven 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8324: 8321: 8317: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8241: 8240: 8237: 8236: 8234: 8230: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8207: 8204: 8198: 8195: 8194: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8179: 8178: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8159: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8110: 8108: 8104: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8091: 8088: 8084: 8081: 8080: 8079: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8069: 8066: 8062: 8058: 8051: 8047: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7930: 7923: 7919: 7914: 7907: 7902: 7900: 7895: 7893: 7888: 7887: 7884: 7865: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7855: 7852: 7849: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7820: 7815: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7798: 7794: 7791: 7788: 7787: 7784: 7780: 7778: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7766: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7750: 7747: 7746: 7743: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7733: 7729: 7726: 7723: 7722: 7719: 7715: 7712: 7709: 7708: 7704: 7697: 7696:Dixie Mission 7694: 7691: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7679: 7676: 7675: 7672: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7662: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7652: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7642: 7639: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7622: 7618: 7614: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7580: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7570: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7560: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7550: 7547: 7544: 7543: 7539: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7529: 7528: 7523: 7519: 7518: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7475: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7459: 7455: 7450: 7446: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7388: 7384: 7378: 7374: 7373: 7370: 7366: 7359: 7354: 7352: 7347: 7345: 7340: 7339: 7336: 7324: 7323: 7314: 7312: 7311: 7306: 7302: 7300: 7299: 7290: 7289: 7286: 7276: 7273: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7223:Night markets 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7178: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7064: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7048:Sign Language 7046: 7042: 7041:Matsu dialect 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7023: 7022: 7019: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6928: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6905: 6902: 6898: 6897:Ethnic groups 6895: 6894: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6876: 6873: 6869: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6852: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6826: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6689: 6688: 6685: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6675:List of banks 6673: 6672: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6637: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6546: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6499: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6399:Civil defense 6397: 6395: 6392: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6265:Deforestation 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6241: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6194:Guanbi policy 6192: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6154:Dutch Formosa 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6138: 6135: 6134: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6121: 6117: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6093: 6088: 6086: 6081: 6079: 6074: 6073: 6070: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6044: 6040: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6028: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5963: 5962:Protestantism 5960: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5947:Folk religion 5945: 5943: 5940: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5851:Ethnic groups 5849: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5764:Four Beauties 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5735: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5603:Urban society 5601: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5587: 5584: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5559:Social issues 5557: 5555: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5537:Rural society 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5465: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5437:Chinese Dream 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5412: 5402: 5401:Space program 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5330: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5235: 5232: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5143: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5131: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5066: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5052: 5051:State Council 5049: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5040: 5037: 5033: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5014: 5011: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4937:Civil service 4935: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4544: 4543:South Central 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4440: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4409: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4330:Jin (266–420) 4328: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4287: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4265: 4264: 4261: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4173:Ethnic groups 4171: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4090: 4088: 4083: 4081: 4076: 4075: 4072: 4058: 4048: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4006: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3989:Taylor, Jay. 3988: 3985: 3982:Shuyun, Sun. 3981: 3978: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3964: 3961:Lara, Diana. 3960: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3916: 3912: 3907: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3893: 3890: 3886: 3883: 3879: 3876: 3872: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3840: 3835: 3832: 3828: 3827: 3814: 3809: 3807:0-275-98131-2 3803: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3780: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3759: 3750: 3741: 3732: 3723: 3717: 3712: 3706: 3701: 3692: 3690: 3680: 3671: 3663: 3661:9780231204477 3657: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3634: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3588: 3587: 3580: 3572: 3570:0-8047-4478-5 3566: 3561: 3560: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3523: 3515: 3514: 3507: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3437: 3430: 3423: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3383: 3368: 3364: 3361:Kelly, Luke. 3357: 3350: 3343: 3342: 3334: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3303: 3299: 3290: 3274: 3268: 3252: 3251:"南京国民政府时期的教育" 3246: 3230: 3224: 3208: 3202: 3187: 3180: 3173: 3165: 3159: 3144: 3140: 3133: 3131: 3123: 3117: 3101: 3097: 3090: 3088: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3033: 3025: 3019: 3015: 3008: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2975: 2967: 2960: 2945: 2938: 2934: 2932:0-8179-9272-3 2928: 2924: 2923: 2915: 2908: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2882: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2856: 2854:0-8014-8805-2 2850: 2846: 2841: 2840: 2831: 2827: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2750:Taiwan portal 2740: 2737: 2726: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2577: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2469: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2417: 2413: 2411:Central Bank 2410: 2409: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2394: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2367: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2092: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2053: 2051: 2046: 2043: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1945: 1940: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1918: 1913: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1877:, and in the 1876: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837:national army 1834: 1830: 1829:National Army 1820: 1810: 1804: 1800: 1794: 1786: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1761: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1738: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1699:Judicial Yuan 1696: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1668: 1659: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1577: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1530:Olympic Games 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1504:based on the 1503: 1499: 1495: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1431: 1430:authoritarian 1427: 1423: 1417: 1412: 1402: 1397: 1391: 1387: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1285: 1281: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1237:island groups 1234: 1230: 1227:in 1945, the 1226: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1215:authoritarian 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1191:imperial rule 1188: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1164: 1154: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1119: 1116: 1112: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1001: 996: 994: 990: 985: 980: 978: 974: 967: 962: 958: 953: 949: 939: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 860: 859:(KMT) party. 858: 854: 850: 844: 839: 836: 833: 830: 825: 821: 817: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 786: 784: 782:Today part of 780: 764: 762: 759: 758: 755: 749: 748:Beiyang China 746: 739: 738: 735: 732: 725: 724: 721: 720: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 704: 701: 698: 696: 695:ISO 3166 code 692: 685: 682: 680: 677: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 652: 648: 645: 639: 635: 632: 626: 622: 619: 615: 609: 605: 602: 596: 592: 589: 583: 579: 576: 570: 567:18 April 1927 566: 560: 556: 553: 547: 543: 537: 533: 529: 525: 522: 519: 516: 510: 507: 504: 501: 495: 492: 489: 485: 481: 477: 474: 468: 464: 461: 455: 451: 447: 445: 441: 437: 434: 431: 425: 421: 417: 415:Generalissimo 413: 409: 405: 402: 396: 392: 389: 383: 379: 375: 373: 369: 359: 355: 349: 345: 340: 336: 333: 332: 330: 328: 324: 321: 318: 316: 312: 309: 306: 302: 299: 296: 292: 283: 280: 275: 272: 267: 264: 259: 256: 251: 248: 247: 245: 241: 234: 229: 220: 209: 208: 207:National seal 203: 176: 170: 159: 157: 131: 124: 113: 109: 103: 97: 89: 83: 75: 70: 65: 48: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 9373:Japan Portal 9363:China Portal 9284:People's war 8602:Soemu Toyoda 8597:Osami Nagano 8489:Wang Jingwei 8409:Nobuyuki Abe 8197:Marine Corps 8162:Armed Forces 8054:Participants 7976:Tanggu Truce 7818: 7807: 7776: 7753: 7605:715 Incident 7442: 7397: 7320: 7308: 7296: 7125:Superlatives 7110:Prostitution 7073:Architecture 6879:Demographics 6680:Central bank 6658:Floriculture 6555:Conscription 6433:Intelligence 6421:Human rights 6404:Constitution 6319:Superlatives 6314:Scenic areas 6199:White Terror 5952:Christianity 5942:Confucianism 5902:Urbanization 5838:Demographics 5814:Gang of Four 5779:Four Symbols 5678:Martial arts 5452:Prostitution 5339:Architecture 5193:Central bank 5061:Vice Premier 5013:United front 4942:Constitution 4898:Penal system 4876:Human rights 4813:Subdivisions 4651: / 4647: / 4570:Southwestern 4565:Northwestern 4268:Western Zhou 4216:Yellow River 4166:1949–present 4046: 4004: 3990: 3983: 3976: 3969: 3962: 3952: 3945: 3938: 3928: 3910: 3902: 3895: 3888: 3881: 3874: 3867: 3855: 3837: 3830: 3811: 3793: 3787: 3764: 3758: 3749: 3740: 3731: 3722: 3711: 3700: 3679: 3670: 3647: 3641: 3618: 3585: 3579: 3558: 3550: 3537: 3531: 3522: 3512: 3506: 3494:. Retrieved 3489: 3480: 3472:the original 3462: 3454:the original 3444: 3435: 3429: 3420: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3370:. Retrieved 3366: 3356: 3348: 3340: 3333: 3321:. Retrieved 3317:the original 3312: 3308: 3301: 3289: 3277:. Retrieved 3267: 3255:. Retrieved 3245: 3233:. Retrieved 3223: 3211:. Retrieved 3201: 3189:. Retrieved 3185: 3172: 3158: 3146:. Retrieved 3142: 3116: 3104:. Retrieved 3099: 3074:. Retrieved 3046: 3043:Modern China 3042: 3032: 3013: 3007: 2995:. Retrieved 2986: 2982:中国国民党革命委员会简介 2974: 2965: 2959: 2944: 2936: 2921: 2914: 2906: 2899:. Retrieved 2895:the original 2890: 2881: 2863: 2838: 2830: 2736:China portal 2713:Qing Dynasty 2682:, Chongqing 2637:, Guangzhou 2623:Description 2604: 2571:Constitution 2093:Description 2074: 2071:Former sites 2054: 2047: 2039: 2035: 2027: 2001: 1976: 1965: 1962:in the 1930s 1920: 1915: 1907: 1887: 1881:against the 1873:against the 1864:Beiyang Army 1849: 1828: 1818: 1806: 1796: 1772: 1768: 1766: 1726: 1719: 1707:Control Yuan 1688: 1684: 1673: 1634: 1607: 1590:retrocession 1582:World War II 1579: 1556:World War II 1545: 1490: 1478:Wang Jingwei 1455:of 1936, or 1434: 1407: 1354:Wang Jingwei 1334:strike first 1331: 1327:United Front 1323:Soviet Union 1304: 1298: 1287: 1249: 1225:World War II 1222: 1187:Qing dynasty 1160: 1115:Southern Min 1035:Hanyu Pinyin 870:was elected 861: 846: 819: 815: 813: 716:Succeeded by 715: 710: 679:Chinese yuan 659:established 506:Control Yuan 386:• 1928 294:Largest city 205: 179:(1947–1948) 154: 111: 44: 9279:On Practice 8561:Ma Zhanshan 8546:Bai Chongxi 8514:Ren Yuandao 8494:Chen Gongbo 8419:Hideki Tojo 8373:Wang Ruofei 8064:Governments 7915:(1937–1945) 7569:Canton Coup 7268:tea culture 7233:Photography 6919:Waishengren 6653:Aquaculture 6648:Agriculture 6426:LGBT rights 6284:Hot springs 6270:Earthquakes 6204:Martial law 5718:Variety art 5713:Tea culture 5641:Calligraphy 5626:Archaeology 5486:Food safety 5281:Gold mining 5183:Aquaculture 5178:Agriculture 5138:Coast Guard 4905:Naming laws 4739:Environment 4727:South China 4206:Paleolithic 4198:Prehistoric 4156:before 1912 4041:(1912–1928) 3831:Sun Yat-Sen 3372:21 November 3323:15 February 3148:19 February 3106:19 February 3076:19 February 2901:15 December 2775:(1912–1928) 2117:1870-1930s 1492:During the 1414: [ 1303:became the 1197:(1915–28), 880:Yuan Shikai 868:Sun Yat-sen 711:Preceded by 686:(1946–1949) 663:20 May 1948 544:1 July 1925 515:Lower house 500:Upper house 487:Legislature 362:(1947–1948) 352:(1928–1947) 348:directorial 342:(1925–1928) 285:(1938–1946) 253:(1925–1926) 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