188:
803:. Buden did not observe the species feeding on dragonflies, but did see three different feeding habits. Most frequently, the birds were seen moving through trees and shrubs, catching prey on the foliage. Other birds were seen perched close to the floor, darting to the ground, and returning to the perch with prey. In open areas, the birds were observed moving across the ground, "occasionally grasping a presumed prey item". In coastal areas, they have been observed feeding in coconut trees. Potential predators for the birdlife of Nauru in general include feral cats and dogs, as well as the
584:
66:
679:
41:
832:
deposits on the island meant that the vegetation was decreasing, presenting a potential threat to the species. In 2008, however, Buden claimed that "habitat degradation and loss of native forest via mining operations has apparently had no major adverse effects on the population." Nauru reed warblers were observed to be common on the island, and flourishing in the scrubland left by mining.
700:
304:. The Nauru reed warbler is potentially threatened by introduced predators and habitat loss, and its small range means that it could be vulnerable to chance occurrences, such as tropical cyclones. Reports of a similar warbler from nearby islands suggest that it might previously have been found elsewhere, but was driven to local extinction by introduced cats.
831:
previously estimated that there were between 10,000 and 20,000 Nauru reed warblers, based on 1993 data, but Buden's 2006 estimate of 5,000 birds of all ages led to a revised figure of 3,000 mature individuals, a figure reaffirmed in 2016. In 2001, it was observed that the removal of the phosphate
722:
needles. The nests are bound to upright stems in a way typical of warblers. Buden reported that the warblers nest in trees and shrubs at a height of 2 to 8 m (6.6 to 26.2 ft). The species may also nest on the ground; the young in ground nests may be more vulnerable to predation by rats.
835:
Unlike other birds on the island, the species is not hunted, and is protected under
Schedule 1 of Nauru's Wild Birds Preservation Ordinance 1937. For conservation purposes, the IUCN recommends regular surveys of the population and the establishment of a monitoring programme through training
570:
on the island, there is no chance that this species may be confused with any other. The Nauru reed warbler is slightly smaller than the
Caroline reed warbler, which is also lighter in colour, with a more contrasting eyebrow. The nightingale reed warbler is substantially larger, and the
627:
is the nearest island, and despite being similar to Nauru, it lacks any warblers. However, it is possible that populations of the Nauru reed warbler existed on other islands until comparatively recently. On the
Marshall Islands, traditional stories refer to a small bird, known in
558:
of the beak is dark grey with pink edges, while the lower mandible is pink, darkening towards to the tip. The legs and feet are dark grey. The bird measures up to 15 centimetres (5.9 in), with a wingspan of 6.7 to 7.2 centimetres (2.6 to 2.8 in).
523:. When closed, the wing is the same colour as the mantle, short and rounded. The wing does not reach the start of the tail feathers, which enhances the appearance of a long tail. Close inspection of the wing reveals darker centres to both the
660:
may have been due to hunting by cats, which were introduced to the
Marshall Islands by the Russian Otto von Kotzebue in 1817 to hunt rats. They then multiplied before being spread by locals as pets, after which they started to become feral.
644:. This bird was considered the property of chieftains. Though no physical descriptions exist of the species, it has been described as butterfly-sized, pleasant-smelling and as living among rocks on the shores of north-western islands.
502:
warblers from Asia was complex, with multiple colonisations of even remote archipelagos. Although the
Hawaiian islands were colonised about 2.3 million years ago, the other islands were reached much more recently, in the
299:
into which it lays two or three white eggs, and it feeds on insects. However, details about its behavior and ecology are little known. It is found throughout Nauru, which has changed substantially in recent decades due to
405:, a German ornithologist and collector and one of Finsch's travelling companions. Since the original descriptions, little has been written about the species, and details about its ecology and behaviour are poorly known.
1614:
Buden, Donald W.; Franhert, Sylke (2010). "Birds collected by Otto Finsch in the
Republic of Nauru, with notes on the history and current locations of the syntypes and other specimens of the Nauru Reed-Warbler,
619:
areas on the island's coast. In 1881, Finsch described the species as abundant, calling it "as common as the House-Sparrow in
England." Biologist Donald Buden again found it widespread on the island in 2008.
735:
periods are unknown. Pearson reported lower nesting than Buden, recording nests in bushes and undergrowth between 45 and 300 cm (18 and 118 in) from the ground, especially in forked branches of
615:, as well as the remaining patches of forest on the island's central plateau. It is most common in the remains of forest found on the island's steep slopes. It is also readily observed in gardens and
1122:
1566:
554:. The chin is a dull cream, merging with the throat, which then browns towards the base. The centre of the breast is a dull brown-yellow, while the sides are a reddish brown. The upper
1190:
Fregin, Silke; Haase, Martin; Olsson, Urban; Alström, Per (2009). "Multi-locus phylogeny of the family
Acrocephalidae (Aves: Passeriformes) – The traditional taxonomy overthrown".
507:(between 0.2–1.4 million years ago) or even later. The nearest other warblers geographically to Nauru are the Carolinian reed warbler and the nightingale reed warbler.
515:
The Nauru reed warbler is a medium-sized and warmly coloured reed warbler, with a relatively light build. The entirety of the upperparts are dark brown, with the rump and
483:. The closest relative of the Nauru reed warbler appears to be the extinct warbler from Pagan. This is currently named as a subspecies of the nightingale reed warbler,
543:, or "eyebrow", extending from the beak to the ear coverts, which are a cinnamon-brown, darkening and merging with the nape. The beak is long, thin and straight.
265:
in the
Pacific Ocean. It is one of only two native breeding land-birds on Nauru and it is the only passerine found on the island. It is related to other
1121:
Cibois, Alice; Beadell, Jon S; Graves, Gary R; Pasquet, Eric; Slikas, Beth; Sonsthagen, Sarah A; Thibault, Jean-Claude; Fleischer, Robert C (2011).
1770:
1601:
1073:
1809:
723:
Eggs have variously been reported in
December and July, and ornithologist A. Pearson suggested that the species may nest all year round. The
402:
213:
1449:
1876:
1599:
Buden, Donald W.; Franhert, Sylke (2008). "The overlooked collection of Ludwig Kaiser and a little-known report on birds of Nauru".
827:", because "its very small range leaves it susceptible to chance events, such as cyclones and the introduction of alien predators."
1744:
455:
did not include this species, and as recently as 2010 its relation with other members of the genus was unknown. A 2011 analysis of
1783:
1235:
Saitoh, Takema; Cibois, Alice; Kobayashi, Sayaka; Pasquet, Eric; Thibault, Jean-Claude (2012). "The complex systematics of the
1555:
1527:
1192:
1173:
Dyrcz, Andrzej (2006). "Family Sylviidae (Old World Warblers)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (eds.).
1051:
648:
Krämer and Nevermann reported that the bird became extinct or extirpated around 1880. Based on descriptions of birds seen on
1788:
436:
Finsch's reed-warbler, Nauru warbler, pleasant warbler, the Nauru reed-warbler, and the Nauru reed warbler. In the native
1901:
1175:
295:, the Nauru reed warbler has dark brown upperparts, cream underparts and a long, thin beak. It makes a low, cup-shaped
1896:
1814:
1891:
1621:
1567:"Extinctions and extirpations in Marshall Islands avifauna since European contact; a review of historic evidence"
472:
65:
1581:
408:
Though the Nauru reed warbler is generally accepted as a species, some authorities, such as H. E. Wolters in
1673:
381:, and taken to mean "sharp-pointed", referring to the angular head shape typical of this genus. The synonym
1886:
1881:
611:. The warbler can be found throughout the island, thriving in the scrubland in areas previously used for
686:
903:
1687:
836:
local people. It also proposed raising conservation awareness by increasing the profile of the bird.
612:
588:
301:
1092:
421:
285:
1489:"XIV.—On a new Reed-Warbler from the Island of Nawodo, or Pleasant Island, in the Western Pacific"
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718:
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Nauru reed warbler nests are cup-shaped and woven from grasses and twigs. They sometimes include
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811:. Feral cats and wild rats in particular are potential threats to the Nauru reed warbler.
528:
187:
8:
1423:
744:. Buden reported that the birds were more vocal in December than in March and April. The
712:
345:
269:
137:
30:
1254:
1205:
1179:. Vol. 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Editions. p. 628.
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The pattern of colonisation of the Pacific islands and eventually Australia by the
437:
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240:
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432:, meaning there are no recognised subspecies. The species is known by the English
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324:
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The species is sedentary, meaning that the birds do not naturally leave Nauru.
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495:, is in a different clade to nightingale reed warblers from other islands.
488:
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535:, crown, nape, chin and throat are all a similar shade of pale brown. The
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study has affirmed its status as a separate species. It is considered
741:
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254:
117:
77:
1736:
1629:
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1071:
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Finsch described the warbler as insectivorous, feeding primarily on
491:, and the Pagan form, which has been proposed as a new species, the
327:. His 1881 report included a warbler he initially identified as the
1652:
737:
728:
596:
555:
319:, stopping for six hours on 24 July 1880 while travelling from the
280:
across the Pacific. Related warblers on nearby islands include the
258:
97:
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1123:"Charting the course of reed-warblers across the Pacific islands"
616:
1613:
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732:
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284:, with which the Nauru species was initially confused, and the
87:
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767:. Six species of dragonfly have been observed on the island:
460:
316:
277:
262:
196:
566:, and characteristics of the young are unknown. As the only
375:
part of the name may have been given through confusion with
288:, which was formerly sometimes considered the same species.
857:
820:
685:, recorded by Donald Buden, 22 Dec 2006. Macaulay Library,
401:, meaning "creeping thing". Finsch named the species after
296:
107:
656:
may have been a Nauru reed warbler. The extinction of the
607:
land birds which breed on the island, the other being the
425:
591:, an environment in which the Nauru reed warbler thrives
546:
The underparts are much lighter, darkening towards the
1564:
878:
1371:"First records of Odonata from the Republic of Nauru"
16:
Passerine bird endemic to the Pacific island of Nauru
396:
386:
376:
370:
364:
358:
1421:
575:has a duller colouration, with whiter underparts.
1447:
1368:
904:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22714791A94427198.en
1868:
331:. By 1883 he considered it to be a new species,
315:was the first naturalist to visit the island of
1282:
1280:
1072:Bocheñski, Zygmunt; Kuœnierczyk, Piotr (2003).
459:DNA showed that the Nauru reed warbler forms a
539:are a dark brown, and there is a pale, creamy
414:A Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World
1602:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
1540:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1483:
1298:
1277:
1516:Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World
748:has been described as similar to that of a
578:
416:(1991), have considered it a subspecies of
307:
272:, all of which evolved from one of several
1332:Stephen, Ernest (1936). "Notes on Nauru".
1239:of the Mariana Islands, western Pacific".
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
760:, and it is delivered both day and night.
186:
39:
1116:
1114:
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1034:Kennerley, Peter; Pearson, David (2010).
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985:
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531:. Its face shows little contrast, as the
1513:
1424:"Wild Birds Preservation Ordinance 1937"
1397:
698:
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582:
1536:
1331:
1325:
1228:
1091:(2): 97–195. See p. 160. Archived from
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727:size has been reported as two or three
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1193:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1172:
939:
927:
652:, Paul Schnee hypothesised that the
519:slightly brighter than the tail and
1060:
1004:
890:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1592:
1507:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1883.tb05490.x
1348:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1936.tb00377.x
1176:Handbook of the Birds of the World
14:
1913:
1877:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
1152:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02542.x
677:
64:
1622:Journal of Afrotropical Zoology
1565:Spennemann, Dirk H. R. (2006).
1406:
1388:
1362:
1316:
1307:
1289:
1183:
879:BirdLife International (2016).
599:to the island of Nauru, in the
475:and a now-extinct species from
473:southern Marquesan reed warbler
412:(1980) and Howard and Moore in
1441:
957:
948:
945:Jobling 2010, pp. 30–31.
918:
510:
1:
1403:Hildyard 2001, pp. 1620–1621.
221:Acrocephalus luscinius rehsei
1580:(2): 253–266. Archived from
1514:Hildyard, Anne, ed. (2001).
7:
1214:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.006
1085:Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia
839:
703:Illustration of the egg of
397:
387:
377:
371:
365:
359:
226:Acrocephalus luscinia rehsi
10:
1918:
1537:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1448:Buden, Donald W. (2008a).
1369:Buden, Donald W. (2008b).
687:Cornell Lab of Ornithology
595:The Nauru reed warbler is
587:Scrubland remaining after
1902:Taxa named by Otto Finsch
1642:
1518:. Vol. 12: Umb-zor.
1465:(1): 8–19. Archived from
1426:. Administration of Nauru
814:
676:
671:
363:, meaning "topmost", and
349:, leading to the current
209:
202:
194:
185:
166:
159:
61:Scientific classification
59:
37:
28:
23:
1422:Administrator of Nauru.
897:: e.T22714791A94427198.
851:
603:. It is one of only two
579:Distribution and habitat
562:The species exhibits no
422:nightingale reed warbler
308:Taxonomy and systematics
286:nightingale reed warbler
1897:Birds described in 1883
1625:(Special Issue): 31–35.
1412:Buden 2008a, pp. 16–17.
1322:Spenneman 2006, p. 260.
1313:Spenneman 2006, p. 259.
1304:Spenneman 2006, p. 257.
1286:Spenneman 2006, p. 258.
1131:Journal of Biogeography
719:Casuarina equisetifolia
683:Nauru reed warbler call
485:A. luscinius yamashinae
465:Australian reed warbler
357:derives from the Greek
339:is now recognised as a
1892:Endemic fauna of Nauru
1036:Reed and Bush Warblers
846:List of birds of Nauru
829:BirdLife International
823:lists the species as "
707:
592:
487:, but that species is
418:Acrocephalus luscinius
410:Die Vogelarte der Erde
369:, meaning "head". The
244:
1046:). pp. 463–464.
1044:Bloomsbury Publishing
963:Jobling 2010, p. 332.
782:Diplacodes bipunctata
702:
665:Behaviour and ecology
586:
573:Oriental reed warbler
329:Caroline reed warbler
282:Caroline reed warbler
1450:"The birds of Nauru"
1295:Finsch 1883, p. 143.
954:Finsch 1883, p. 142.
936:Jobling 2010, p. 84.
451:study of the family
1887:Birds of Micronesia
1882:Acrocephalus (bird)
1854:Acrocephalus-rehsei
1674:Acrocephalus rehsei
1644:Acrocephalus rehsei
1617:Acrocephalus rehsei
1255:2012EmuAO.112..343S
1206:2009MolPE..52..866F
1144:2011JBiog..38.1963C
1001:Buden 2008a, p. 16.
883:Acrocephalus rehsei
713:Cassytha filiformis
705:Acrocephalus rehsei
353:. The generic name
335:. The generic name
250:Acrocephalus rehsei
170:Acrocephalus rehsei
31:Conservation status
24:Nauru reed warbler
1520:Marshall Cavendish
1394:Buden 2008a, p. 9.
924:Buden 2008a, p. 8.
800:Tramea transmarina
788:Pantala flavescens
708:
691:Cornell University
609:Micronesian pigeon
593:
493:Pagan reed warbler
385:is from the Greek
333:Calamoherpe rehsei
237:Nauru reed warbler
1864:
1863:
1836:Open Tree of Life
1636:Taxon identifiers
1619:(Finsch, 1883)".
1587:on 23 March 2016.
1557:978-1-4081-2501-4
1529:978-0-7614-7206-3
1138:(10): 1963–1975.
1053:978-0-7136-6022-7
794:Tholymis tillarga
731:. Incubation and
697:
696:
564:sexual dimorphism
552:undertail coverts
517:uppertail coverts
440:, it is known as
261:to the island of
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438:Nauruan language
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321:Marshall Islands
302:phosphate mining
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805:Polynesian rat
758:willie wagtail
695:
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672:External audio
666:
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580:
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453:Acrocephalidae
309:
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128:Acrocephalidae
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776:Anax guttatus
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351:binomial name
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19:
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1606:
1600:
1582:the original
1577:
1573:
1539:
1515:
1498:
1492:
1485:Finsch, Otto
1474:. Retrieved
1467:the original
1462:
1456:
1428:. Retrieved
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1377:
1364:
1342:(1): 34–63.
1339:
1333:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1246:
1240:
1237:Acrocephalus
1236:
1230:
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1191:
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1174:
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1129:
1100:. Retrieved
1093:the original
1088:
1084:
1076:Acrocephalus
1075:
1035:
959:
950:
941:
920:
908:. Retrieved
894:
888:
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834:
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809:tanezumi rat
798:
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500:Acrocephalus
499:
497:
489:polyphyletic
484:
477:Pagan Island
446:
441:
434:common names
417:
413:
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382:
355:Acrocephalus
354:
346:Acrocephalus
344:
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290:
249:
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236:
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225:
220:
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195:Location of
169:
167:
151:
150:
139:Acrocephalus
138:
18:
1758:iNaturalist
1668:Wikispecies
1574:Micronesica
1442:Cited texts
1378:Micronesica
910:13 November
765:dragonflies
750:song thrush
630:Marshallese
541:supercilium
533:ear coverts
511:Description
505:Pleistocene
403:Ernst Rehse
391:, meaning "
383:Calamoherpe
337:Calamoherpe
313:Otto Finsch
267:Micronesian
214:Calamoherpe
1871:Categories
1849:Xeno-canto
1476:2013-01-25
1430:2 February
1102:2013-02-03
825:Vulnerable
605:indigenous
469:bokikokiko
463:with the
449:phylogenic
274:radiations
46:Vulnerable
1078:warblers"
733:fledgling
568:passerine
430:monotypic
424:. A 2011
255:passerine
146:Species:
84:Kingdom:
78:Eukaryota
1802:22714791
1776:10764298
1701:22714791
1696:BirdLife
1659:Q1585503
1653:Wikidata
1487:(1883).
1458:Notornis
1356:40327588
1271:86499982
1222:19393746
1160:73674812
840:See also
807:and the
738:hibiscus
716:vine or
556:mandible
481:Marianas
204:Synonyms
124:Family:
98:Chordata
94:Phylum:
88:Animalia
74:Domain:
51:IUCN 3.1
1750:5231324
1737:narwar1
1711:narwar1
1683:Avibase
1335:Oceania
1251:Bibcode
1202:Bibcode
1140:Bibcode
617:ruderal
597:endemic
479:in the
447:A 2009
442:Itsirir
395:", and
388:kalamos
366:kephale
341:synonym
323:to the
293:warbler
276:of the
259:endemic
253:) is a
245:itsirir
241:Nauruan
180:, 1883)
134:Genus:
114:Order:
104:Class:
49: (
1841:481194
1815:435334
1789:558425
1763:117182
1554:
1526:
1354:
1269:
1220:
1158:
1050:
815:Status
725:clutch
650:Jaluit
642:annãng
625:Banaba
521:mantle
471:, the
467:, the
420:, the
398:herpes
378:acutus
216:rehsei
178:Finsch
1828:77170
1771:IRMNG
1732:eBird
1708:BOW:
1585:(PDF)
1570:(PDF)
1544:(PDF)
1470:(PDF)
1453:(PDF)
1374:(PDF)
1352:JSTOR
1267:S2CID
1156:S2CID
1126:(PDF)
1096:(PDF)
1081:(PDF)
852:Notes
756:, or
658:annañ
654:annañ
638:anang
634:annañ
537:lores
461:clade
372:akros
360:akros
317:Nauru
278:genus
263:Nauru
257:bird
197:Nauru
1810:NCBI
1797:IUCN
1784:ITIS
1745:GBIF
1724:9L7L
1552:ISBN
1524:ISBN
1494:Ibis
1432:2020
1218:PMID
1048:ISBN
912:2021
895:2016
821:IUCN
819:The
797:and
746:song
742:lime
740:and
729:eggs
550:and
548:vent
527:and
503:mid-
393:reed
297:nest
235:The
108:Aves
1719:CoL
1607:128
1503:doi
1344:doi
1259:doi
1247:112
1242:Emu
1210:doi
1148:doi
899:doi
640:or
632:as
426:DNA
343:of
247:) (
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1279:^
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239:(
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