1170:
some
Zionists were listening to the speeches. It is likely some belonged to the self-defence force organized by Vladimir Jabotinsky, by this time already enlisting six hundred troops performing military drills on a daily basis." Already in early March, Jabotinsky was working to inflame the atmosphere, and he began to publicly predict a pogrom. Some evidence suggests that these Jewish spectators were quite provocative. Allegedly, a Jew pushed an Arab carrying a nationalist flag, and he tried to spit on the banner and on the Arab crowd. According to testimony gathered by the French consul, some young Jews standing near Jaffa Gate attacked some Arabs after the speech delivered by Muhammad Darwish of the Arab Club (one of the Christian-Muslim associations). All of these reports suggest only Jewish provocation; however, it is possible, though unreported, that Arab activities also triggered the riots.
803:, connoting targeted attacks reminiscent of what had often occurred especially in Russia, whereas Palestinian Arabs referred to them as an heroic witness to an 'Arab Revolt'. The use of the word pogrom to describe such outbreaks of communal violence bore with it the implication that the governing authorities, in this case the British administration, had actively connived in an anti-Jewish riot. The term drew an analogy between the classic form such actions took in Eastern Europe, where Jews were the victims of racist, anti-Semitic terror campaigns supported by the ruling authorities, with the situation in Palestine where Zionism was promoting a colonial adventure that was ethnically exclusive and challenged local Arab nationalist aspirations. It was asserted soon after, by
467:
1001:, and Jabotinsky. At Jabotinsky's house, they found three rifles, two pistols, and 250 rounds of ammunition. Nineteen men were arrested, but not Jabotinsky, who went to the jail of his own volition to insist on his arrest. A military judge released him because he had not been home when the guns were discovered, but he was again arrested a few hours later. Jabotinsky was convicted of possessing the pistol that Storrs had confiscated on the riot's first day, among other things. The primary witness was none other than Ronald Storrs, who said he "did not remember" being told about the self-defence organization. He was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment and sent to
993:
hundreds of sheikhs and mukhtars lent their authority and support to Jewish immigration. The tenor of these positions was that such immigration would, as the
Zionist movement itself affirmed, improve the lives of Arabs as industrial development progressed. The sheikhs protesting the riots, and telegramming later the British colonial secretary to express solidarity with the Zionist programme were sometimes bribed to state this position by the World Zionist Organisation. Their opinions were procured. British soldiers were sent to search Jews for arms at the demand of the Palestinian Arab leadership. They searched the offices and apartments of
778:
70:
725:" riot broke out, the people began to run about and stones were thrown at the Jews. The shops were closed and there were screams. ā¦ I saw a Zionist soldier covered in dust and blood. ā¦ Afterwards, I saw one Hebronite approach a Jewish shoeshine boy, who hid behind a sack in one of the wall's comers next to Jaffa Gate, and take his box and beat him over the head. He screamed and began to run, his head bleeding and the Hebronite left him and returned to the procession. ā¦ The riot reached its zenith. All shouted, "
475:
1681:, p. 11:'He demanded that the title Grand Mufti, which had been granted to his brother by the British for cooperating with them, also be given to him, and that his salary be higher than that of the other muftis. Richmond and Storrs supported this claim, arguing that since, from the spiritual and religious points of view, the status of Jerusalem was superior to that of other regions in Palestine, the Mufti of Jerusalem should be considered head of the country's Muslim community'.
2327:
639:
631:
1579:, British National Archives (FO 371/5121) p.41:'Dr. de Sola Pool gave as his definition of the word that it meant "an attack on the Jews of the city carried out by the lower lawless elements who were given free play by the non-interference of the police and those charged with the keeping of order. Not necessarily with the connivance of the Government, but almost invariably of the lower police officials".'
966:
915:(c) The aggravation of these sentiments on the one hand by propaganda from outside Palestine associated with the proclamation of the Emir Feisal as King of a re-united Syria and with the growth of Pan-Arab and Pan-Moslem ideas, and on the other hand by the activities of the Zionist Commission supported by the resources and influence of Jews throughout the world.
1023:. Even before the editorials appeared, the commander of British forces in Palestine and Egypt, General Congreve, wrote Field Marshal Wilson that Jews were sentenced far more severely than Arabs who had committed worse offences. He reduced Jabotinsky's sentence to a year, and that of the other 19 Jews arrested with him to six months.
567:, with Faisal as its king, that included the British-controlled territory within its claimed domain. On 7 and 8 March, demonstrations took place in all cities of Palestine, shops were closed and many Jews were attacked. Attackers carried slogans such as "Death to Jews" or "Palestine is our land and the Jews are our dogs!"
1169:
While the first half of the procession was passing through the Jaffa Gate, the riot began between
Christaki's pharmacy and the Credit Lyonnais. Available sources do not clarify the exact trigger, and it is arguable that more than one event functioned as a catalyst. In the vicinity of the Arab rally,
848:
met
Military Governor Storrs and suggested deployment of his volunteers, but his request was rejected. Storrs confiscated his pistol and demanded to know the location of his other weapons, threatening to arrest him for possessing a firearm. Later, Storrs changed his mind and asked for 200 volunteers
765:
The Old City's Jewish community had no training or weapons, and
Jabotinsky's men had found themselves outside the walled Old City, and shut out by British soldiers. Two volunteers were able to enter the Jewish Quarter disguised as medical personnel to organize self-defense ā using rocks and boiling
1558:
Regarding the whole period preceding the riot, marked by conflicting rumours, Laurens writes:'For several months, the intelligence service
Zionists organised in 1918 multiplied warnings about plots by Arab activists. These pieces of information never received any confirmation from the British (or
904:
Savage attacks were made by Arab rioters in
Jerusalem on Jewish lives and property. Five Jews were killed and 211 injured. Order was restored by the intervention of British troops; four Arabs were killed and 21 injured. It was reported by a military commission of inquiry that the reasons for this
1034:
in early 1921. However, Amin al-Husayni and Aref al-Aref were excluded from the amnesty because they had fled before their convictions had been passed down. Samuel pardoned Amin in March 1921 and appointed him Mufti of
Jerusalem. When the Supreme Muslim Council was created in the following year,
836:
pay them on the spot, explaining that they would no longer be serving the Jewish neighbourhood. Christian storekeepers had marked their shops in advance with the sign of the cross so that they would not be mistakenly looted. A previous commission report also accused Storrs of inciting the Arabs,
761:
continued. Several homes were set on fire, and tombstones were shattered. British soldiers found that the majority of illicit weapons were concealed on the bodies of Arab women. On Monday evening, the soldiers were evacuated from the Old City, a step described in the Palin Report as "an error of
992:
The Arab riots were publicly protested by sheikhs from 82 villages in the
Jerusalem and Jaffa areas who issued a formal statement saying that, in their view, Zionist settlement was not a danger to their communities. Similar declarations would be repeated in cablegrams sent to London in 1922, as
659:, his uncle, the mayor, was also with him and spoke from the municipal building's balcony in similar terms. According to testimony given by Fayyad al-Bakri to the Palin Commission, however, the rioting began when the Hebron banner he was holding while standing on Jaffa Street outside the
1669:), a title which had hitherto been unknown in Palestine but which was probably copied from Egypt.This gesture was, in part, meant as a reward for KÄmilās cooperation with the British, but it may have been intended to substitute some kind of a new hierarchy for the former Ottoman one'.
498:
led to an undertaking by the victorious powers, predominantly Great
Britain and France, to assume a 'holy mission of civilization' in the power vacuum of the Middle East. Under the Balfour Declaration, a homeland for the Jewish people was to be created in Palestine. The principle of
912:(b) Arab belief that the Balfour Declaration implied a denial of the right of self-determination and their fear that the establishment of a National Home would mean a great increase in Jewish immigration and would lead to their economic and political subjection to the Jews.
1038:
As the riots began, Jewish immigration to Palestine was temporarily halted by the British. Also, feeling that the British were unwilling to defend Jewish settlements from continuous Arab attacks, Palestinian Jews set up self-defense units, which came to be called the
698:
wrote "he seems to have co-operated with the police, and there is no evidence that he actively instigated violence". In fact, Wasserstein adds, "Zionist intelligence reports of this period are unanimous in stressing that he spoke repeatedly against violence".
554:
is in the air", supported by assessments available to Storrs. CommuniquƩs had been issued about foreseeable troubles among Arabs, and between Arabs and Jews. To Weizmann and the Jewish leadership, these developments were reminiscent of instructions that
950:
The report was critical of some of the actions of OETA military command, particularly the withdrawal of troops from inside Jerusalem early on the morning of Monday, 5 April and that, once martial law had been proclaimed, it was slow to regain control.
507:
was not to be applied to Palestine, given the foreseeable rejection by the people of Zionism, which the British sponsored. These post-World War I arrangements both for Palestine and other Arab societies led to a 'radicalization' of the Arab world.
737:
on Sunday night and arrested several dozen rioters, but on Monday morning they were allowed to attend morning prayers and were then released. Arabs continued to attack Jews and break into their homes, especially in Arab-majority mixed buildings.
988:
were arrested for incitement, but when they were let out on bail they both escaped to Syria. In another version, al-Aref was warned and escaped before being arrested. In their absence, a military court sentenced them to 10 years imprisonment.
849:
to report to the police headquarters to be sworn in as deputies. After they arrived and the administering of the oath had begun, orders came to cease and he sent them away. Arab volunteers had also been invited, and were likewise sent away.
446:
of 82 villages around the city and Jaffa, claiming to represent 70% of the population, issued a document protesting the demonstrations against the Jews. This condemnation may have been procured with bribes. Notwithstanding the riots, the
621:
Turks usually deployed thousands of soldiers and even artillery to keep order in the narrow streets of Jerusalem during the Nebi Musa procession. However, Storrs issued a warning to Arab leaders, but deployed only 188 policemen.
646:
By 10:30 a.m. on Sunday, 4 April 1920, 60,000ā70,000 Arabs had congregated in the city square for the Nebi Musa festival, and groups had been attacking Jews in the Old City's alleys for over an hour. A speech marked by
3974:
289:
3730:
702:
The crowd reportedly shouted "Independence! Independence!" and "Palestine is our land, the Jews are our dogs!" Arab police joined in applause, and violence started. The local Arab population ransacked the
852:
On Sunday night, the first day of the riots, several dozen rioters were arrested, but on Monday morning they were allowed to attend morning prayers and were then released. On Monday evening, after
42:
3803:
2073:
829:, Colonel Bertie Harry Waters-Taylor, to demonstrate to the world that Arabs would not tolerate a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The assertion was never proven, and Meinertzhagen was dismissed.
494:, were the subject of intensive discussion by both Zionist and Arab delegations, and the process of the negotiations was widely reported in both communities. In particular, the collapse of the
282:
435:
for withdrawing troops from inside Jerusalem and because it was slow to regain control. As a result of the riots, trust among the British, Jews, and Arabs eroded. One consequence was that the
3520:
559:
generals had issued on the eve of pogroms. In the meantime, local Arab expectations had been raised to a pitch by the declaration of the Syrian Congress on 7 March of the independence of the
416:
Speeches were given by Arab religious leaders during the festival (in which large numbers of Muslims traditionally gathered for a religious procession), which included slogans referencing
2523:
1035:
Husayni demanded and received the title Grand Mufti, a position which came with life tenure. Also, General Storrs became the civil governor of Jerusalem under the new administration.
275:
3994:
769:
Five Jews and four Arabs died in the riots. Two-hundred and sixteen Jews were injured, 18 critically, and 23 Arabs, one critically. About 300 Jews were evacuated from the Old City.
578:, led an effort to openly train Jewish volunteers in self-defense, an effort of which the Zionist Commission kept the British informed. Many of the volunteers were members of the
594:
with sticks. By the end of March, about 600 were said to be performing military drills daily in Jerusalem. Jabotinsky and Rutenberg also began organizing the collection of arms.
935:
The report blamed the Zionists, 'whose impatience to achieve their ultimate goal and indiscretion are largely responsible for this unhappy state of feelingā and singled out
397:. Five Jews were killed and several hundred injured; four Arabs were killed, and eighteen injured; 7 Britons were injured. The riots coincided with and are named after the
2947:
2066:
570:
Jewish leaders requested that OETA authorise the arming of the Jewish defenders to make up for the lack of adequate British troops. Although this request was declined,
454:
for the Assembly of Representatives on 19 April 1920 among Jews everywhere in Palestine except Jerusalem, where they were delayed to 3 May. The riots also preceded the
2362:
896:(or Palin Court of Inquiry), a committee of inquiry sent to the region in May 1920 by the British authorities, examined the reasons for this trouble. According to the
4145:
2218:
191:
2330:
2059:
841:
as well. A petition circulated among American citizens and presented to their consul protested that the British had prevented Jews from defending themselves.
3072:
2166:
1348:
Yehoshua Porath (1975). "The Political Awakening of the Palestinian Arabs and their Leadership towards the End of the Ottoman Period". In Moshe Ma'oz (ed.).
3058:
884:
noted that Jewish representatives persisted in describing the events as a "pogrom", implying that the British administration had connived in the violence.
4180:
3168:
729:'s religion was born with the sword". ā¦ I immediately walked to the municipal garden. ā¦ my soul is nauseated and depressed by the madness of humankind."
3922:
3910:
3461:
1218:
4051:
2942:
2488:
2483:
4058:
4195:
4185:
3980:
3965:
3959:
3809:
3025:
2355:
2202:
369:
3384:
3325:
2963:
2518:
2082:
1082:
777:
299:
57:
4155:
4150:
531:'s security and forbid a pro-Syrian public rally. However, their fears were largely discounted by the Chief Administrative Officer General
4096:
4033:
3953:
184:
909:(a) Arab disappointment at the non-fulfilment of the promises of independence which they claimed had been given to them during the war.
3754:
2348:
451:
3620:
3594:
3019:
2179:
357:
4078:
3135:
524:
428:
390:
87:
1199:
3396:
3342:
3013:
2156:
347:
177:
1693:, p. 22:'After their occupation of the country, the British created the entirely new post of "grand mufti of Palestine" (
1405:
Bernard Wasserstein (1977). "'Clipping the Claws of the Colonisers': Arab Officials in the Government of Palestine, 1917ā48".
1371:
3725:
3652:
3642:
3584:
2174:
2028:
2009:
1988:
1962:
1936:
1876:
1855:
1825:
1802:
1778:
1509:
1483:
1383:
1289:
1162:
856:
was declared, the soldiers were evacuated from the Old City, a step described in the Palin Report as "an error of judgment".
352:
943:
in particular. However, they incorrectly identified the anti-socialist Jabotinsky as organizer of the "definite Bolshevist"
439:
increased moves towards an autonomous infrastructure and security apparatus parallel to that of the British administration.
4140:
3379:
2249:
822:
101:
1559:
French) intelligence service. Later Arab sources show this quite clearly: no one claimed responsibility for any planning (
3890:
3515:
1027:
929:
786:
715:
were torn and thrown on the floor, and the building then set alight. During the next three hours, 160 Jews were injured.
741:
On Monday, as disturbances grew worse, the Old City was sealed off by the army and no one was allowed to exit the area.
3638:
3616:
2513:
466:
3493:
3403:
2447:
2254:
1897:
1606:
4068:
3947:
3872:
3670:
3658:
3648:
3532:
3264:
2371:
2311:
2145:
37:
3866:
3503:
3453:
3409:
3350:
782:
694:, he said "If we don't use force against the Zionists and against the Jews, we will never be rid of them", while
17:
3791:
2498:
1501:
3942:
3580:
3499:
2528:
1545:
For an interpretation that follows closely Meinertzhagen's reading of the events as a British army plot, see
664:
3245:
4190:
3664:
3588:
2508:
2478:
2103:
487:
94:
1215:
4175:
3738:
3576:
3391:
3337:
3205:
1816:
Weathered by Miracles: A history of Palestine from Bonaparte and Muhammad Ali to Ben-Gurion and the Mufti
523:
group from Southern Lebanon caused deep concern among Jewish leaders, who made numerous requests to the
4165:
4160:
3878:
3854:
3821:
3797:
3429:
3331:
2442:
1077:
704:
672:
233:
3779:
3572:
3441:
3154:
3053:
2852:
2503:
1376:
863:, the new head of the Zionist Commission, to express "regrets for the tragedy that has befallen us".
832:
The Zionist Commission noted that before the riots Arab milkmen started to demand their customers in
630:
1154:
Urban Violence in the Middle East: Changing Cityscapes in the Transition from Empire to Nation State
878:- "You Colonel, are an expert on matters of management and I am an expert on the rules of pogroms."
708:
4170:
4073:
3749:
3604:
3553:
3526:
3211:
2242:
1312:
932:. The Report was submitted in August 1920, though never published, and was critical of both sides.
762:
judgment". Even with martial law, it took the British authorities another 4 days to restore order.
1740:
3276:
2427:
2294:
1907:
1066:
1061:
1044:
2051:
458:
which was held from 19 to 26 April 1920 at which the fate of the Middle East was to be decided.
267:
3842:
3838:
3447:
3433:
3319:
3179:
1281:
1275:
218:
1866:
1665:, pp. 19, 78:'Soon after the British began to style KÄmil al-HusaynÄ« as the Grand MuftÄ« (
1633:
1496:
1152:
3457:
3201:
2887:
2462:
2402:
2230:
1928:
1792:
1768:
1470:
1020:
811:
1839:
3987:
3884:
3815:
3674:
3632:
3598:
3538:
3509:
3289:
3283:
3066:
3005:
3000:
2877:
2275:
2151:
2046:
869:- "I mean the unfortunate events that have occurred here in the recent days", Storrs said.
815:
491:
405:, and followed rising tensions in ArabāJewish relations. The events came shortly after the
394:
342:
335:
330:
8:
4135:
4046:
4028:
3183:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3078:
2714:
2021:
The British in Palestine: The Mandatory Government and the Arab-Jewish Conflict 1917-1929
940:
921:
897:
845:
695:
591:
579:
571:
483:
455:
4041:
3860:
3744:
3610:
3189:
3172:
2892:
2689:
1951:
1814:
1446:
998:
980:
was replaced as mayor by the head of the rival Nashashibi clan, Ragheb Bey Nashashibi.
860:
808:
718:
614:
544:
500:
251:
228:
660:
3160:
3118:
2986:
2684:
2533:
2119:
2098:
2024:
2005:
1984:
1977:
1958:
1932:
1893:
1872:
1851:
1821:
1798:
1774:
1635:
A Discourse on Domination in Mandate Palestine: Imperialism, Property and Insurgency,
1602:
1576:
1505:
1479:
1379:
1353:
1330:
1285:
1158:
925:
881:
516:
512:
504:
432:
410:
406:
318:
246:
201:
61:
27:
Anti-Zionist riots in and around Jerusalem's Old City in British-controlled Palestine
4063:
3916:
3437:
3415:
3251:
3112:
2822:
2787:
2734:
2619:
2299:
2287:
1794:
The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement
1414:
1056:
893:
575:
564:
424:. The trigger which turned the procession into a riot is not known with certainty.
69:
663:
was spat on by a Jew and when the latter was pushed away, Jewish bystanders began
3423:
3364:
3256:
3164:
2867:
2837:
2827:
2792:
2762:
2624:
1999:
1498:
Age of Coexistence: The Ecumenical Frame and the Making of the Modern Arab World,
1222:
1181:
981:
977:
969:
936:
656:
652:
3303:
3270:
3239:
3086:
2902:
2817:
2812:
2729:
2719:
2629:
2538:
2493:
2340:
1835:
1151:
Freitag, Ulrike; Fuccaro, Nelida; Ghrawi, Claudia; Lafi, Nora (30 March 2015).
994:
976:
Over 200 people were put on trial as a result of the riots, including 39 Jews.
826:
804:
678:
618:
560:
547:
540:
495:
420:
immigration and previous confrontations around outlying Jewish villages in the
409:
and the increasing pressure on Arab nationalists in Syria in the course of the
1697:), who was also designated the "mufti of Jerusalem and the Palestine region" (
1418:
920:
The Palin Report on the April riots was not signed until July 1920, after the
601:
festival was an annual spring Muslim festival that began on the Friday before
474:
4129:
4111:
4098:
3626:
2907:
2897:
2882:
2862:
2857:
2802:
2797:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2709:
2659:
2407:
2090:
1946:
1009:. Jabotinsky's trial and sentencing created an uproar, and were protested by
972:, the mayor of Jerusalem, was dismissed by the British after the April riots.
819:
583:
536:
402:
223:
116:
103:
33:
1887:
3785:
3195:
2917:
2912:
2847:
2842:
2832:
2807:
2782:
2754:
2724:
2699:
2649:
2225:
1472:
Contested Holy Places in IsraelāPalestine: Sharing and Conflict Resolution,
1454:
1357:
1334:
1072:
985:
875:
When Storrs hesitated to categorize the events as such, Ussishkin replied,
838:
833:
712:
691:
683:
648:
638:
617:
described how tribes and caravans would come with banners and weapons. The
587:
3848:
3106:
2994:
2739:
2704:
2694:
2679:
2669:
2654:
2644:
2639:
2604:
2558:
2129:
1868:
The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam under the British mandate for Palestine
1788:
1228:
1006:
960:
944:
853:
742:
602:
325:
642:
Arab demonstrators in front of the Jerusalem municipality building, 1920
2674:
2664:
2634:
2614:
2609:
2184:
1843:
687:
605:
and included a procession to the Nebi Musa shrine (tomb of Moses) near
532:
393:
between Sunday, 4 April, and Wednesday, 7 April 1920 in and around the
362:
1599:
A Broken Trust: Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians 1920-1925
789:, on a visit to Palestine a few days prior to the riots. Published in
3773:
2872:
2744:
2563:
1972:
1475:
1195:
1015:
791:
598:
398:
83:
1277:
Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001
169:
2596:
2417:
2394:
1311:, p. 63; extract from a private letter dated 30 March 1920, citing
750:
726:
686:, another Arab Club member, delivered a speech on horseback at the
2282:
2081:
1979:
One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate
1040:
1031:
746:
610:
606:
421:
417:
297:
2412:
2306:
2237:
1010:
758:
734:
556:
551:
528:
520:
448:
443:
436:
1741:"Orientations and Orientalism: The Governor Sir Ronald Storrs"
965:
2457:
2452:
1840:"The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure"
1043:("defense"). Furthermore, the riots increased the feeling of
1002:
2001:
Pangs of the Messiah: The Troubled Birth of the Jewish State
1252:
470:
British security forces searching Arab civilians, April 1920
754:
146:
1515:
872:- "His excellency means the pogrom", suggested Ussishkin.
1953:
A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time
478:
Anti-Zionist demonstration at Damascus Gate, 8 March 1920
1916:
The Palestinian Question: the Invention of the Holy Land
1912:
La Question de Palestine: L'invention de le Terre sainte
1150:
1329:. Jerusalem: Ariel Publishing House. pp. 193ā200.
1240:
2331:
Category:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
1770:
The Origins and Evolution of the Arab-Zionist Conflict
2939:
690:. The nature of his speech is disputed. According to
1848:
The war for Palestine: rewriting the history of 1948
1563:) for the events, even several decades afterwards'.
1373:
A City in Fragments: Urban Text in Modern Jerusalem,
837:
blaming him for sabotaging attempts to purchase the
772:
721:
witnessed the eruption of violence in the Old City:
1404:
1976:
1950:
1813:
1144:
4127:
2370:
1304:
1302:
1069:, the first kibbutz member killed in Arab attack
818:had been put up to inciting the riot by British
490:, which later concluded with the signing of the
4146:Riots and civil disorder in Mandatory Palestine
1588:A Survey of Palestine, 1945ā1946, Volume 1, p17
1347:
586:. Their month of training largely consisted of
1850:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 12ā36.
1647:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1350:Studies on Palestine during the Ottoman Period
1327:Mohammedan Saints and Sanctuaries in Palestine
887:
609:. It had apparently existed since the time of
2356:
2083:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
2067:
1864:
1662:
1324:
1299:
1083:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
301:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
283:
185:
58:intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
1430:
1428:
1296:, quoting the official history of the Hagana
1273:
4034:Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany
3564:
3485:
2018:
1957:(2nd ed.), New York: Alfred A. Knopf,
1925:Jerusalem: From the Ottomans to the British
1389:
1308:
1216:Palestine Through History: A Chronology (I)
634:The Times report of the riots, Apr 08, 1920
625:
4181:Anti-Jewish pogroms in Mandatory Palestine
2363:
2349:
2203:1947ā1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
2074:
2060:
1811:
799:In Hebrew the incidents were described as
370:1947ā1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
290:
276:
192:
178:
1617:
1425:
1005:, though the next day he was returned to
924:and replacement of the British OETA by a
543:, despite a warning from the head of the
389:took place in British-controlled part of
3372:
3311:
3231:
3146:
3045:
2971:
2180:Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
1269:
1267:
1191:
1189:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
964:
776:
637:
629:
473:
465:
4079:There was no such thing as Palestinians
3710:
1906:
1834:
1787:
1738:
1726:
1699:mufti al-Quds wal-diyar al-filistiniyya
1690:
1678:
1564:
1521:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1047:within the Palestinian Arab community.
482:The contents and proposals of both the
401:festival, which was held every year on
391:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
14:
4128:
1997:
1945:
1885:
1722:
1650:The Formation of Modern Syria and Iraq
1641:
1546:
1434:
1318:
1280:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p.
582:and some of them were veterans of the
4196:20th-century mass murder in Jerusalem
4186:Riots and civil disorder in Jerusalem
4017:
3699:
2938:
2584:
2382:
2344:
2175:Operation Atlas (Mandatory Palestine)
2055:
1971:
1922:
1892:. Austin: University of Texas Press.
1766:
1710:
1533:
1264:
1186:
1138:
271:
199:
173:
3981:South African allegation of genocide
1797:. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge.
1791:(2007) . Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.).
1745:Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies
1095:
4156:British Mandate period in Jerusalem
4151:Anti-Zionism in Mandatory Palestine
4052:Israeli criticism of the occupation
1237:, pp. 421ā477, esp. pp. 462-5.
866:- Ussishkin asked, "What tragedy?"
655:from the balcony of the Arab Club.
24:
2157:1936ā1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
1773:. University of California Press.
1026:The new civilian government under
781:Reaction of the soon-to-appointed
74:Nebi Musa procession, 4 April 1920
25:
4207:
3700:
3073:Attacks against Israeli civilians
2448:Palestine Liberation Organization
2255:Nazi Party in Mandatory Palestine
2039:
1352:. The Magnes Press. p. 358.
773:Accusations of British complicity
3873:Agreement on Movement and Access
3804:US security assistance to the PA
3726:Palestinian expulsion and flight
3265:1983 West Bank fainting epidemic
2383:
2326:
2325:
1871:. Leiden, New York: E.J. Brill.
859:After the riots, Storrs visited
68:
3923:IsraeliāPalestinian peace talks
3911:IsraeliāPalestinian peace talks
3867:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
3351:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
2585:
1889:Palestinian Rituals of Identity
1759:
1732:
1716:
1704:
1684:
1672:
1656:
1626:
1611:
1591:
1582:
1570:
1552:
1539:
1527:
1489:
1463:
1440:
1364:
1341:
1157:. Berghahn Books. p. 188.
783:High Commissioner for Palestine
3731:depopulated towns and villages
3516:Palestinian militancy campaign
2004:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1865:Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987).
1812:Idinopulos, Thomas A. (1998),
1652:. Routledge. pp. 95, 105.
1502:University of California Press
1209:
1200:When Zionism was an Arab cause
1175:
844:After the violence broke out,
527:administration to address the
511:On 1 March 1920, the death of
13:
1:
2019:Wasserstein, Bernard (1991),
1088:
613:. Arab educator and essayist
461:
164:216 Jews, 18 Arabs, 7 Britons
4018:
2372:IsraeliāPalestinian conflict
2104:Sinai and Palestine campaign
954:
670:The editor of the newspaper
488:Paris Peace Conference, 1919
7:
4141:1920 in Mandatory Palestine
3392:Palestinian suicide attacks
3338:Palestinian suicide attacks
1050:
947:('Zionist Workers') party.
888:Palin Commission of Inquiry
10:
4212:
3879:Valley of Peace initiative
3822:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
3504:Jerusalem bulldozer attack
3380:Palestinian rocket attacks
2443:All-Palestine Protectorate
1767:Cohen, Michael J. (1989).
1638:Routledge 2009 pp.128,141.
1078:Timeline of Jewish History
958:
651:rhetoric was delivered by
4024:
4013:
3935:
3902:
3830:
3765:
3717:
3706:
3695:
3551:
3494:"Bringing Home the Goods"
3474:
3363:
3302:
3224:
3155:Avivim school bus bombing
3133:
3038:
2962:
2958:
2934:
2753:
2595:
2591:
2580:
2551:
2471:
2435:
2426:
2393:
2389:
2378:
2322:
2265:
2211:
2195:
2165:
2138:
2112:
2089:
1419:10.1080/00263207708700343
1377:Stanford University Press
437:region's Jewish community
309:
211:
160:
152:
140:
132:
93:
79:
67:
55:
50:
4074:Timeline of anti-Zionism
3595:EgyptāGaza border breach
3500:Jerusalem yeshiva attack
3212:Misgav Am hostage crisis
2250:German Templar community
2243:Jewish Agency for Israel
1820:, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee,
1601:, I.B.Taurus, 2001 p.35
1182:Palin Report conclusions
626:4ā7 April 1920, Old City
219:Syrian Coastal Mountains
3659:"Guardian of the Walls"
3533:IsraelāPalestine crisis
1998:Sicker, Martin (2000).
1923:Mazza, Roberto (2013).
1842:. In Eugene L., Rogan;
1648:Eliezer į¹¬auber (1994).
1620:One Palestine, Complete
1225:The Palestine Chronicle
1067:Killing of Moshe Barsky
1062:Palestinian nationalism
1045:Palestinian nationalism
733:The army imposed night
429:military administration
38:Infobox civilian attack
31:
3798:GazaāJericho Agreement
3577:Gaza cross-border raid
3448:Ain es Saheb airstrike
3404:Israeli assassinations
3206:South Lebanon conflict
3180:Kiryat Shmona massacre
2148:insurgency (1930ā1935)
1739:Xypolia, Ilia (2011).
1622:. Abacus. p. 141.
1407:Middle Eastern Studies
1325:Tewfik Canaan (1927).
1261:, pp. 502ā3, 506.
1019:and questioned in the
973:
918:
796:
643:
635:
479:
471:
43:considered for merging
4112:31.77667Ā°N 35.23417Ā°E
3476:Palestinian dissident
3332:Temple Mount killings
3202:Coastal Road massacre
2888:Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi
2463:Palestinian Authority
2403:Israel Defense Forces
2231:Arab Higher Committee
1918:]. Paris: Fayard.
1886:Halabi, Awad (2023).
1274:Benny Morris (1999).
978:Musa Kazim al-Husayni
970:Musa Kazim al-Husayni
968:
959:Further information:
902:
812:Richard Meinertzhagen
780:
641:
633:
477:
469:
395:Old City of Jerusalem
117:31.78333Ā°N 35.21667Ā°E
3988:Nicaragua v. Germany
3948:Palestine and the UN
3885:Annapolis Conference
3816:Wye River Memorandum
3639:Gaza border protests
3633:Freedom Flotilla III
3589:Beit Hanoun shelling
3573:Gaza beach explosion
3290:Night of the Gliders
2878:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam
2276:Herbert Louis Samuel
2219:British commissioner
2152:1933 Palestine riots
2125:1920 Nebi Musa riots
1451:Such am I, Oh World!
1141:, pp. 127–144.
816:Haj Amin al-Husseini
709:Torath Chaim Yeshiva
661:CrƩdit Lyonnais Bank
535:, Military Governor
492:Treaty of Versailles
387:1920 Jerusalem riots
383:1920 Nebi Musa riots
343:1933 Palestine riots
331:1929 Palestine riots
314:1920 Nebi Musa riots
51:1920 Jerusalem riots
4191:Mass murder in 1920
4108: /
4069:Racism in Palestine
4047:Criticism of Israel
4029:Anti-Palestinianism
3855:Quartet established
3739:Lausanne Conference
3621:"Pillar of Defense"
3527:Temple Mount crisis
3462:"Days of Penitence"
3246:Zion Square bombing
3079:Reprisal operations
3067:Fedayeen insurgency
2948:military operations
2715:Amnon Lipkin-Shahak
2238:Jewish Palestinians
2167:During World War II
1929:Bloomsbury Academic
1524:, pp. 506ā512.
922:San Remo conference
898:Survey of Palestine
696:Bernard Wasserstein
592:hand to hand combat
580:Maccabi sports club
484:Balfour Declaration
456:San Remo conference
113: /
4176:1920s in Jerusalem
4117:31.77667; 35.23417
4042:Criticism of Hamas
3995:Israeli occupation
3894:Israel controversy
3843:Clinton Parameters
3802:1994āpresent
3745:Israeli settlement
3743:1967āpresent
3671:"Shield and Arrow"
3611:Gaza flotilla raid
3521:2015ā2016 violence
3430:"Defensive Shield"
3190:Savoy Hotel attack
3173:Lillehammer affair
3065:1948āpresent
2893:Ali Hassan Salameh
2690:Benjamin Netanyahu
2552:Third-party groups
2283:Jewish Palestinian
2196:After World War II
1663:Kupferschmidt 1987
1632:Zeina B. Ghandour,
1618:Tom Segev (2001).
1447:Khalil al-Sakakini
1309:Wasserstein (1991)
1221:2017-12-22 at the
1030:granted a general
1021:British Parliament
999:Zionist Commission
997:, the head of the
974:
930:Sir Herbert Samuel
861:Menachem Ussishkin
809:Lieutenant Colonel
797:
745:was declared, but
719:Khalil al-Sakakini
707:of Jerusalem. The
644:
636:
615:Khalil al-Sakakini
545:Zionist Commission
519:at the hands of a
501:self-determination
480:
472:
122:31.78333; 35.21667
4166:April 1920 events
4161:Franco-Syrian War
4091:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4004:
3975:Wall construction
3966:UN Resolution 242
3960:UN Resolution 194
3954:UN Resolution 181
3943:Israel and the UN
3931:
3930:
3839:Camp David Summit
3780:Madrid Conference
3755:international law
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3627:"Protective Edge"
3547:
3546:
3470:
3469:
3442:"Determined Path"
3359:
3358:
3298:
3297:
3220:
3219:
3161:Sabena Flight 571
3129:
3128:
3119:Battle of Karameh
3077:1950sā1960s
3034:
3033:
3020:Jewish insurgency
2987:Battle of Tel Hai
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2685:Yitzhak Mordechai
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2547:
2546:
2534:Sabireen Movement
2418:Shabak (Shin Bet)
2338:
2337:
2266:Prominent figures
2226:Arab Palestinians
2120:Battle of Tel Hai
2099:Franco-Syrian War
2030:978-0-631-17574-2
2011:978-0-275-96638-6
1990:978-0-8050-6587-9
1964:978-0-679-76563-9
1947:Sachar, Howard M.
1938:978-1-780-76708-6
1878:978-90-04-07929-8
1857:978-0-521-79476-3
1827:978-1-56663-189-1
1804:978-0-714-63432-6
1780:978-0-520-06598-7
1725:, pp. 32f.;
1695:al-mufti al-akbar
1667:al-muftī al-akbar
1577:Palin Report 1920
1549:, pp. 23ff..
1510:978-0-520-25888-4
1484:978-1-351-99884-0
1459:Righteous Victims
1384:978-1-503-61113-9
1291:978-0-679-74475-7
1249:, pp. 503ā4.
1164:978-1-78238-584-4
926:High Commissioner
807:and British army
673:Suriya al-Janubia
517:Battle of Tel Hai
513:Joseph Trumpeldor
505:League of Nations
411:Franco-Syrian War
407:Battle of Tel Hai
378:
377:
358:Jewish insurgency
353:Spillover of WWII
319:Battle of Tel Hai
265:
264:
203:Franco-Syrian War
168:
167:
62:Franco-Syrian war
16:(Redirected from
4203:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4064:Racism in Israel
4015:
4014:
3917:Palestine Papers
3810:Hebron Agreement
3750:settler violence
3715:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3697:
3696:
3675:IsraelāHamas war
3643:November clashes
3617:"Returning Echo"
3562:
3561:
3483:
3482:
3458:Beit Hanoun raid
3438:Battle of Nablus
3370:
3369:
3309:
3308:
3229:
3228:
3184:Ma'alot massacre
3144:
3143:
3113:War of Attrition
3054:ArabāIsraeli War
3043:
3042:
2969:
2968:
2960:
2959:
2936:
2935:
2788:Marwan Barghouti
2620:David Ben-Gurion
2593:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2479:al-Aqsa Brigades
2433:
2432:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2379:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2328:
2300:Amin al-Husseini
2295:Arab Palestinian
2288:David Ben-Gurion
2076:
2069:
2062:
2053:
2052:
2033:
2015:
1993:
1982:
1967:
1956:
1942:
1919:
1903:
1882:
1861:
1830:
1819:
1808:
1784:
1753:
1752:
1736:
1730:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1609:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1556:
1550:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1512:pp.173-177, 175.
1493:
1487:
1469:Yitzhak Reiter,
1467:
1461:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1402:
1387:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1322:
1316:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1213:
1207:
1193:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1057:Arab nationalism
1013:press including
941:Ze'ev Jabotinsky
905:trouble were:--
894:Palin Commission
882:The Palin Report
846:Ze'ev Jabotinsky
711:was raided, and
576:Pinhas Rutenberg
574:, together with
572:Ze'ev Jabotinsky
565:Kingdom of Syria
503:affirmed by the
449:Jewish community
304:
302:
292:
285:
278:
269:
268:
206:
204:
194:
187:
180:
171:
170:
128:
127:
125:
124:
123:
118:
114:
111:
110:
109:
106:
72:
48:
47:
21:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4171:1920 in Judaism
4126:
4125:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4083:
4020:
4001:
3927:
3921:2013ā2014
3898:
3826:
3784:1993ā1995
3772:1981ā1982
3761:
3702:
3679:
3665:"Breaking Dawn"
3603:2008ā2009
3585:"Autumn Clouds"
3558:
3555:
3543:
3539:Al-Aqsa clashes
3510:Al-Aqsa clashes
3479:
3477:
3466:
3434:Battle of Jenin
3365:Second Intifada
3355:
3294:
3257:Siege of Beirut
3216:
3165:Munich massacre
3140:
3137:
3125:
3111:1967ā1970
3101:Rafah massacres
3071:1951ā1967
3030:
3024:1947ā1948
3018:1944ā1947
3012:1936ā1939
3006:Hebron massacre
3001:Palestine riots
2982:Nebi Musa riots
2954:
2922:
2868:Abu Ali Mustafa
2823:Amin al-Husayni
2793:Mohammed Dahlan
2749:
2625:Naftali Bennett
2587:
2568:
2543:
2467:
2422:
2385:
2374:
2369:
2339:
2334:
2318:
2312:Gotthilf Wagner
2261:
2207:
2191:
2161:
2134:
2108:
2085:
2080:
2045:Lenni Brenner:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2012:
1991:
1965:
1939:
1900:
1879:
1858:
1836:Khalidi, Rashid
1828:
1805:
1781:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1737:
1733:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1661:
1657:
1646:
1642:
1631:
1627:
1616:
1612:
1597:Sahar Huneidi,
1596:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1557:
1553:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1495:Ussama Makdisi,
1494:
1490:
1468:
1464:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1426:
1403:
1390:
1386:2020, p.206-207
1370:Yair Wallach,
1369:
1365:
1346:
1342:
1323:
1319:
1307:
1300:
1292:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1223:Wayback Machine
1214:
1210:
1206:, 6 April 2012.
1194:
1187:
1180:
1176:
1165:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1096:
1091:
1053:
982:Amin al-Husayni
963:
957:
937:Amin al-Husayni
890:
775:
665:throwing stones
657:Musa al-Husayni
653:Amin al-Husayni
628:
561:region of Syria
464:
379:
374:
336:Hebron massacre
305:
300:
298:
296:
266:
261:
238:
207:
202:
200:
198:
156:5 Jews, 4 Arabs
143:
121:
119:
115:
112:
107:
104:
102:
100:
99:
75:
46:
28:
23:
22:
18:Nebi Musa riots
15:
12:
11:
5:
4209:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4059:Media coverage
4056:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4036:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3991:
3983:
3977:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3936:United Nations
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3792:Paris Protocol
3788:
3782:
3776:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3721:
3719:
3712:
3704:
3703:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3645:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3591:
3581:"Summer Rains"
3568:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3496:
3489:
3487:
3480:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3450:
3444:
3420:
3412:
3410:October events
3406:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3376:
3374:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3334:
3328:
3326:Bus 405 attack
3322:
3315:
3313:
3306:
3304:First Intifada
3300:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3286:
3273:
3271:Bus 300 affair
3267:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3248:
3242:
3240:Yom Kippur War
3235:
3233:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3208:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3176:
3157:
3150:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3109:
3103:
3089:
3087:Qibya massacre
3083:
3082:
3081:
3075:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3049:
3047:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3008:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2975:
2973:
2966:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2903:Ramadan Shalah
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:Nayef Hawatmeh
2815:
2813:Ismail Haniyeh
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2730:Shabtai Shavit
2727:
2722:
2720:Yitzhak Shamir
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2630:Menachem Begin
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2539:Sons of Zouari
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2494:Jenin Brigades
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2387:
2386:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2345:
2336:
2335:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2041:
2040:External links
2038:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2016:
2010:
1995:
1989:
1969:
1963:
1943:
1937:
1920:
1908:Laurens, Henry
1904:
1898:
1883:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1832:
1826:
1809:
1803:
1785:
1779:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1731:
1715:
1703:
1683:
1671:
1655:
1640:
1625:
1610:
1590:
1581:
1569:
1567:, p. 506.
1551:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1488:
1462:
1439:
1424:
1413:(2): 171ā194.
1388:
1363:
1340:
1317:
1298:
1290:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1208:
1185:
1174:
1163:
1143:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1028:Herbert Samuel
995:Chaim Weizmann
956:
953:
917:
916:
913:
910:
889:
886:
827:Chief of Staff
805:Chaim Weizmann
787:Herbert Samuel
774:
771:
731:
730:
705:Jewish Quarter
679:Southern Syria
627:
624:
548:Chaim Weizmann
541:Edmund Allenby
496:Ottoman Empire
463:
460:
452:held elections
433:was criticized
376:
375:
373:
372:
367:
366:
365:
355:
350:
345:
340:
339:
338:
328:
323:
322:
321:
310:
307:
306:
295:
294:
287:
280:
272:
263:
262:
260:
259:
254:
249:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
212:
209:
208:
197:
196:
189:
182:
174:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
144:
141:
138:
137:
136:4ā7 April 1920
134:
130:
129:
97:
91:
90:
81:
77:
76:
73:
65:
64:
53:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4208:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4124:
4121:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4016:
4012:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3982:
3979:2023āpresent
3978:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3924:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3912:
3909:2010ā11
3908:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:Diplomacy/law
3698:
3694:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3550:
3540:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3473:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3278:Achille Lauro
3274:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3132:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:Fathi Shaqaqi
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Salah Shehade
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:Jibril Rajoub
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:Zuheir Mohsen
2861:
2859:
2858:Khaled Mashal
2856:
2854:
2853:Sheikh Khalil
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:George Habash
2801:
2799:
2798:Mohammed Deif
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Yasser Arafat
2776:
2774:
2773:Moussa Arafat
2771:
2769:
2768:Mahmoud Abbas
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:Moshe Ya'alon
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Yitzhak Rabin
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2660:Efraim Halevy
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2579:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:Israel Police
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2333:
2332:
2321:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2047:The Iron Wall
2044:
2043:
2032:
2026:
2023:, Blackwell,
2022:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:, Owl Books,
1981:
1980:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1899:9781477326312
1895:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1729:, p. 48.
1728:
1724:
1719:
1713:, p. 69.
1712:
1707:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1614:
1608:
1607:1-86064-172-5
1604:
1600:
1594:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1566:
1562:
1561:prƩmeditation
1555:
1548:
1542:
1536:, p. 140
1535:
1530:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1435:Sachar (2006)
1431:
1429:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
983:
979:
971:
967:
962:
952:
948:
946:
942:
938:
933:
931:
927:
923:
914:
911:
908:
907:
906:
901:
899:
895:
885:
883:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
862:
857:
855:
850:
847:
842:
840:
835:
830:
828:
824:
821:
820:Field-marshal
817:
813:
810:
806:
802:
794:
793:
788:
784:
779:
770:
767:
763:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
736:
728:
724:
723:
722:
720:
716:
714:
713:Torah scrolls
710:
706:
700:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:
675:
674:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
640:
632:
623:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
585:
584:Jewish Legion
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
553:
549:
546:
542:
538:
537:Ronald Storrs
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
506:
502:
497:
493:
489:
485:
476:
468:
459:
457:
453:
450:
445:
442:In its wake,
440:
438:
434:
431:of Palestine
430:
425:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
403:Easter Sunday
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
371:
368:
364:
361:
360:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
337:
334:
333:
332:
329:
327:
324:
320:
317:
316:
315:
312:
311:
308:
303:
293:
288:
286:
281:
279:
274:
273:
270:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
243:
242:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
224:Aleppo Region
222:
220:
217:
216:
215:
210:
205:
195:
190:
188:
183:
181:
176:
175:
172:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
145:
139:
135:
131:
126:
98:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
71:
66:
63:
59:
54:
49:
44:
40:
39:
35:
30:
19:
4093:
3986:
3891:
3786:Oslo Accords
3673: /
3653:"Black Belt"
3651: /
3641: /
3619: /
3599:"Hot Winter"
3597: /
3587: /
3583: /
3579: /
3575: /
3565:2006āpresent
3502: /
3486:2006āpresent
3460: /
3456: /
3440: /
3436: /
3432: /
3428: /
3424:
3416:
3284:"Wooden Leg"
3282: /
3277:
3204: /
3196:Entebbe raid
3182: /
3167: /
3163: /
3099: /
3095: /
2981:
2918:Ahmed Yassin
2913:Ahlam Tamimi
2848:Leila Khaled
2843:Salah Khalaf
2833:Ahmed Jibril
2828:Ghazi Jabali
2808:Wadie Haddad
2783:Yahya Ayyash
2755:Palestinians
2725:Ariel Sharon
2700:Shimon Peres
2650:Yuval Diskin
2472:Other groups
2428:Palestinians
2384:Participants
2324:
2124:
2020:
2000:
1978:
1952:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1888:
1867:
1847:
1815:
1793:
1789:Elpeleg, Zvi
1769:
1760:Bibliography
1748:
1744:
1734:
1727:Elpeleg 2007
1718:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1691:Khalidi 2001
1686:
1679:Elpeleg 2007
1674:
1666:
1658:
1649:
1643:
1634:
1628:
1619:
1613:
1598:
1593:
1584:
1572:
1565:Laurens 1999
1560:
1554:
1541:
1529:
1522:Laurens 1999
1517:
1497:
1491:
1471:
1465:
1458:
1455:Benny Morris
1453:, quoted by
1450:
1442:
1410:
1406:
1372:
1366:
1349:
1343:
1326:
1320:
1276:
1259:Laurens 1999
1254:
1247:Laurens 1999
1242:
1235:Laurens 1999
1230:
1211:
1203:
1177:
1168:
1153:
1146:
1139:Segev (2001)
1073:Anti-Zionism
1037:
1025:
1014:
991:
986:Aref al-Aref
975:
949:
934:
919:
903:
891:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
858:
851:
843:
839:Western Wall
834:Meah Shearim
831:
800:
798:
790:
768:
764:
740:
732:
717:
701:
692:Benny Morris
684:Aref al-Aref
677:
671:
669:
649:anti-Zionist
645:
596:
588:calisthenics
569:
539:and General
510:
486:of 1917 and
481:
441:
427:The British
426:
415:
386:
382:
380:
313:
256:
240:
239:
213:
56:Part of the
36:
29:
4115: /
3892:Aftonbladet
3849:Taba Summit
3649:May clashes
3554:GazaāIsrael
3336:1990s
3252:Lebanon War
3171:(1973
3136:Palestinian
3107:Six-Day War
3014:Arab revolt
2995:Jaffa riots
2740:Danny Yatom
2705:Yaakov Peri
2695:Ehud Olmert
2680:Shaul Mofaz
2670:Tzipi Livni
2655:Benny Gantz
2645:Avi Dichter
2640:Moshe Dayan
2605:Moshe Arens
2586:Individuals
2559:Arab League
2130:Jaffa riots
1844:Shlaim, Avi
1751:(1): 24ā43.
1723:Sicker 2000
1547:Sicker 2000
1007:Acre Prison
961:Jaffa riots
945:Poalei Zion
854:martial law
743:Martial law
603:Good Friday
348:Arab Revolt
326:Jaffa riots
214:Engagements
142:Attack type
120: /
95:Coordinates
32:ā¹ The
4136:1920 riots
4130:Categories
4103:35Ā°14ā²03ā³E
4100:31Ā°46ā²36ā³N
4038:Criticism
3993:2023ā2024
3970:ICJ cases
3964:1967
3958:1948
3952:1947
3915:2011
3889:2009
3883:2007
3877:2006
3871:2005
3865:2005
3859:2003
3853:2002
3847:2001
3837:2000
3820:1999
3814:1998
3808:1997
3796:1994
3790:1994
3778:1991
3737:1949
3724:1948
3669:2023
3663:2022
3657:2021
3647:2019
3637:2018
3631:2015
3625:2014
3615:2012
3609:2010
3593:2008
3571:2006
3537:2022
3531:2021
3525:2017
3514:2010
3508:2009
3498:2008
3492:2006
3452:2004
3446:2003
3422:2002
3414:2001
3408:2000
3349:1994
3330:1990
3324:1989
3320:Tunis raid
3318:1988
3288:1987
3275:1985
3269:1984
3263:1983
3250:1982
3244:1975
3238:1973
3210:1980
3200:1978
3194:1976
3188:1975
3178:1974
3159:1972
3153:1970
3138:insurgency
3117:1968
3105:1967
3097:Khan Yunis
3093:Kafr Qasim
3091:1956
3085:1953
3052:1948
2999:1929
2993:1921
2964:Background
2675:Golda Meir
2665:Dan Halutz
2635:Meir Dagan
2615:Ehud Barak
2610:Ami Ayalon
2499:Lions' Den
2436:Principals
2185:The Saison
2146:Black Hand
2091:Background
1973:Segev, Tom
1711:Cohen 1989
1534:Segev 2001
1089:References
688:Jaffa Gate
533:Louis Bols
462:Background
363:the Saison
3774:Fahd Plan
3718:1948ā1991
3478:campaigns
3454:"Rainbow"
3417:Santorini
3373:2000ā2005
3312:1987ā1991
3280:hijacking
3232:1973ā1987
3169:"Bayonet"
3147:1968ā1982
3059:massacres
3046:1948ā1970
3026:Civil War
2972:1920ā1948
2873:Abu Nidal
2838:Abu Jihad
2763:Abu Abbas
2745:Zvi Zamir
2564:Hezbollah
1476:Routledge
1437:, p. 123.
1196:Tom Segev
1016:The Times
955:Aftermath
792:The Times
599:Nebi Musa
399:Nebi Musa
257:Jerusalem
241:Spillover
108:35Ā°13ā²0ā³E
105:31Ā°47ā²0ā³N
88:Palestine
84:Jerusalem
41:is being
4019:Analysis
3861:Road Map
3711:Timeline
3605:Gaza War
3556:conflict
3425:Karine A
2943:Timeline
2597:Israelis
2484:Children
2395:Israelis
2272:British
1975:(2001),
1949:(2006),
1910:(1999).
1846:(eds.).
1838:(2001).
1219:Archived
1051:See also
751:burglary
727:Muhammad
550:that a "
234:Damascus
229:Maysalun
80:Location
60:and the
45:. āŗ
34:template
2524:PFLP-GC
1358:2298443
1335:2179362
1204:Haaretz
1041:Haganah
1032:amnesty
823:Allenby
814:, that
801:meoraot
766:water.
747:looting
619:Ottoman
611:Saladin
607:Jericho
563:in the
557:Russian
515:in the
444:sheikhs
422:Galilee
418:Zionist
247:Tel Hai
161:Injured
3225:
3039:
2413:Mossad
2307:Nazism
2212:Actors
2027:
2008:
1987:
1961:
1935:
1896:
1875:
1854:
1824:
1801:
1777:
1605:
1508:
1482:
1478:2017
1382:
1356:
1333:
1315:L3/27.
1288:
1202:", at
1161:
1011:London
759:murder
757:, and
735:curfew
552:pogrom
529:Yishuv
521:Shiite
252:Samakh
153:Deaths
3985:2024
3973:2004
3903:2010s
3831:2000s
3766:1990s
3385:lists
2978:1920
2458:Hamas
2453:Fatah
2139:1930s
2113:1920s
1914:[
1504:2019
1003:Egypt
3397:list
3343:list
2519:PFLP
2514:PPSF
2489:DFLP
2025:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1985:ISBN
1959:ISBN
1933:ISBN
1894:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1852:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1799:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1354:OCLC
1331:OCLC
1286:ISBN
1159:ISBN
984:and
939:and
892:The
755:rape
597:The
590:and
525:OETA
381:The
147:Riot
133:Date
2529:PRC
2509:PLF
2504:PIJ
1486:p.5
1415:doi
1313:CZA
1198:, "
825:'s
682:),
385:or
4132::
3841:/
1931:.
1927:.
1749:11
1747:.
1743:.
1701:).
1457:,
1449:,
1427:^
1411:13
1409:.
1391:^
1301:^
1284:.
1282:95
1266:^
1188:^
1167:.
1097:^
928:,
900::
785:,
753:,
749:,
667:.
413:.
86:,
3175:)
2364:e
2357:t
2350:v
2075:e
2068:t
2061:v
2034:.
2014:.
1994:.
1968:.
1941:.
1902:.
1881:.
1860:.
1831:.
1807:.
1783:.
1421:.
1417::
1360:.
1337:.
1294:.
795:.
676:(
291:e
284:t
277:v
193:e
186:t
179:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
