1049:-neosamine and 2-deoxystreptamine. Six genes are responsible for neamine biosynthesis: DOIS gene (btrC, neo7); L-glutamine:DOI aminotransferase gene (btrS, neo6); a putative glycosyltransferase gene (btrM, neo8); a putative aminotransferase (similar to glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase) gene (btrB, neo18); a putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene (btrE, neo5); and another putative dehydrogenase (similar to chorine dehydrogenase and related flavoproteins) gene (btrQ, neo11). A deacetylase acting to remove the acetyl group on N-acetylglucosamine moieties of
595:
38:
29:
664:
1083:
1103:(neamine), neomycin B (framycetin), neomycin C, and a few minor compounds found in much lower quantities. Neomycin B is the most active component in neomycin followed by neomycin C and neomycin A. Neomycin A is an inactive degradation product of the C and B isomers. The quantities of these components in neomycin vary from lot-to-lot depending on the manufacturer and manufacturing process.
1172:
1111:
Aminoglycosides such as neomycin are known for their ability to bind to duplex RNA with high affinity. The association constant for neomycin with A-site RNA is in the 10 M range. However, more than 50 years after its discovery, its DNA-binding properties were still unknown. Neomycin has been shown to
1090:
Neomycin B and C are 23-carbon molecules with a four-ring structure. Three of the rings are six-membered, and one is five-membered. Neomycin B and
Neomycin C are stereoisomers of each other and differ by only one stereocenter one giving the R conformation and the other giving the S conformation.
945:
problems in a small number of patients. Neomycin affects the cochlea, which is found in the inner ear. Hearing loss is caused by ear hair cell death, which occurs in response to treatment with neomycin. Patients with existing tinnitus or sensorineural hearing loss are advised to speak with a
1112:
induce thermal stabilization of triplex DNA, while having little or almost no effect on the B-DNA duplex stabilization. Neomycin was also shown to bind to structures that adopt an A-form structure, triplex DNA being one of them. Neomycin also includes DNA:RNA hybrid triplex formation.
1014:
neomycin C, the latter component accounting for some 5–15% of the mixture. It is a basic compound that is most active with an alkaline reaction. It is also thermostable and soluble in water (while insoluble in organic solvents). Neomycin has good activity against
706:
InChI=1S/C23H46N6O13/c24-2-7-13(32)15(34)10(28)21(37-7)40-18-6(27)1-5(26)12(31)20(18)42-23-17(36)19(9(4-30)39-23)41-22-11(29)16(35)14(33)8(3-25)38-22/h5-23,30-36H,1-4,24-29H2/t5-,6+,7+,8?,9+,10+,11-,12+,13+,14-,15+,16-,17+,18-,19+,20-,21+,22-,23-/m0/s1
1608:
Bera, S.; Zhanel, G.; Schweizer, F. Design, Synthesis, and
Antibacterial Activities of Neomycin−Lipid Conjugates: Polycationic Lipids with Potent Gram-Positive Activity | Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2003, 51,
2467:
1804:
Fan Q, Huang F, Leadlay PF, Spencer JB (September 2008). "The neomycin biosynthetic gene cluster of
Streptomyces fradiae NCIMB 8233: genetic and biochemical evidence for the roles of two glycosyltransferases and a deacetylase".
2460:
3068:
822:). The antibiotic can also be administered orally, in which case it is usually combined with other antibiotics. Neomycin is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and has been used as a preventive measure for
1435:
2453:
3061:
3427:
3054:
994:. Currently, research is being performed to understand if derivatives of neomycin have the same antibiotic effects while still being effective against neomycin-resistant bacteria.
1432:
1734:
Park JW, Park SR, Nepal KK, Han AR, Ban YH, Yoo YJ, et al. (October 2011). "Discovery of parallel pathways of kanamycin biosynthesis allows antibiotic manipulation".
806:. Synthesis requires specific nutrient conditions in either stationary or submerged aerobic conditions. The compound is then isolated and purified from the bacterium.
1064:
of neamine, using 5-phosphoribosyl-1-diphosphate (PRPP) as the ribosyl donor (BtrL, BtrP); glycosyltransferase (potential homologues RibF, LivF, Parf) gene (Neo15).
1389:
Zug KA, Warshaw EM, Fowler JF, Maibach HI, Belsito DL, Pratt MD, et al. (2009). "Patch-test results of the North
American Contact Dermatitis Group 2005-2006".
1170:, Waksman SA, Lechevalier HA, "Neomycin and process of preparation", issued 18 July 1957, assigned to Rutgers Research and Educational Foundation.
761:
bacilli and anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Neomycin comes in oral and topical formulations, including creams, ointments, and eyedrops. Neomycin belongs to the
1190:
3420:
2180:
110:
2057:
Kaul M, Pilch DS (June 2002). "Thermodynamics of aminoglycoside-rRNA recognition: the binding of neomycin-class aminoglycosides to the A site of 16S rRNA".
1231:
Waksman SA, Lechevalier HA (March 1949). "Neomycin, a New
Antibiotic Active against Streptomycin-Resistant Bacteria, including Tuberculosis Organisms".
722:
3413:
1061:
1333:
4279:
966:
Neomycin also exhibits a high binding affinity for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid component of cell membranes.
60:
678:
1365:
1588:
1146:
830:. By killing bacteria in the intestinal tract, Neomycin keeps ammonia levels low and prevents hepatic encephalopathy, especially before
1549:
Gabev E, Kasianowicz J, Abbott T, McLaughlin S (February 1989). "Binding of neomycin to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)".
862:. The exception is when neomycin is included, in small quantities, as a preservative in some vaccines – typically 25 μg per dose.
2173:
1672:(3rd ed.). The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. pp. 508, 510, 511.
1506:
Mehta R, Champney WS (September 2003). "Neomycin and paromomycin inhibit 30S ribosomal subunit assembly in
Staphylococcus aureus".
3405:
2445:
4523:
4223:
3012:
1677:
851:
2166:
4730:
933:
antagonist and can be responsible for seizures and psychosis. Like other aminoglycosides, neomycin has been shown to be
1316:
784:. Neomycin received approval for medical use in 1952. Rutgers University was granted the patent for neomycin in 1957.
1848:
Llewellyn NM, Spencer JB (December 2006). "Biosynthesis of 2-deoxystreptamine-containing aminoglycoside antibiotics".
4272:
1957:"Comparative study of responses to neomycins B and C by microbiological and gas-liquid chromatographic assay methods"
1140:
840:
Waksman and
Lechevalier originally noted that neomycin was active against streptomycin-resistant bacteria as well as
698:
729:
4240:
3029:
887:
4740:
3046:
819:
309:
220:
4735:
1769:
Kudo F, Fujii T, Kinoshita S, Eguchi T (July 2007). "Unique O-ribosylation in the biosynthesis of butirosin".
1451:
Lee C, de Silva AJ (March 1979). "Interaction of neuromuscular blocking effects of neomycin and polymyxin B".
1186:
452:
4265:
590:
503:
3440:
986:
expressing cloned proteins in culture. Many commercially available protein expression plasmids contain a
572:
3928:
3832:
3483:
4368:
2877:
2228:
842:
385:-pyran-2-yloxy)-6-hydroxycyclohexyloxy)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)tetrahydro-2
1167:
757:
and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen. It is generally not effective against
4516:
4172:
2092:
Arya DP, Coffee RL (September 2000). "DNA triple helix stabilization by aminoglycoside antibiotics".
878:. It is relatively toxic to humans, with allergic reactions noted as a common adverse reaction (see:
4348:
3691:
2506:
2280:
2005:
1337:
834:
3435:
1940:
Cammack R, Attwood TK, Campbell PN, Parish JH, Smith AD, Stirling JL, Vella F (2006). "neomycin".
4559:
4228:
3017:
2951:
2788:
2265:
927:
92:
50:
2475:
1695:"Biosynthesis of 2-deoxystreptamine by three crucial enzymes in Streptomyces fradiae NBRC 12773"
4667:
3574:
3253:
2822:
2797:
2594:
1358:
1020:
959:
Neomycin's antibacterial activity stems from its binding to the 30S subunit of the prokaryotic
875:
871:
831:
823:
268:
1584:
1130:
4388:
4329:
4324:
2973:
2709:
2605:
2600:
1320:
552:
443:
2127:
Arya DP, Coffee RL, Charles I (November 2001). "Neomycin-induced hybrid triplex formation".
2010:"Arginine-linked neomycin B dimers: synthesis, rRNA binding, and resistance enzyme activity"
4745:
4564:
4509:
4501:
4342:
3881:
3179:
2725:
2260:
1240:
923:
827:
802:
512:
288:
1496:
Langman, A. Neomycin ototoxicity. Otolaryngology Head and Neck
Surgery 1994, 110, 441-444.
1274:
Heidary N, Cohen DE (September 2005). "Hypersensitivity reactions to vaccine components".
946:
healthcare practitioner about the risks and side effects prior to taking this medication.
492:
407:
8:
4568:
4338:
3510:
3261:
2564:
398:
1244:
594:
70:
4393:
2673:
2034:
2009:
1830:
1531:
1476:
1414:
1299:
882:). Physicians sometimes recommend using antibiotic ointments without neomycin, such as
797:
781:
2105:
1981:
1956:
1645:
1620:
4604:
4152:
4148:
3717:
3121:
3081:
2483:
2360:
2305:
2270:
2144:
2109:
2074:
2039:
1986:
1922:
1865:
1822:
1786:
1751:
1716:
1673:
1650:
1566:
1562:
1523:
1468:
1464:
1406:
1359:"Neomycin sulfate, EP Susceptibility and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Data"
1291:
1287:
1256:
1136:
1079:
step required to account for the presence of the epimeric neosamine B in neomycin B.
991:
942:
235:
84:
2158:
1834:
1535:
1480:
1418:
1303:
4451:
4200:
4144:
3772:
3380:
2944:
2894:
2350:
2285:
2233:
2136:
2101:
2066:
2029:
2021:
1976:
1968:
1912:
1857:
1814:
1778:
1743:
1706:
1640:
1632:
1558:
1515:
1460:
1398:
1283:
1248:
1071:-neosamine B) is most likely biosynthesized in the same manner as the neosamine C (
975:
879:
607:
250:
203:
193:
183:
173:
163:
153:
143:
133:
123:
3460:
3076:
1972:
890:(MIC) susceptibility data for a few medically significant Gram-negative bacteria.
4579:
4403:
4383:
4191:
4186:
3898:
3767:
3762:
3334:
3151:
3126:
2968:
2904:
2223:
1886:
1252:
770:
432:
278:
258:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
1010:
in 1949 (NBRC 12773). Neomycin is a mixture of neomycin B (framycetin); and its
4672:
4649:
4358:
4319:
4234:
4051:
3981:
3966:
3727:
3612:
3600:
3478:
3296:
3276:
3158:
3116:
3085:
3023:
2840:
2745:
2679:
2610:
2529:
2487:
2476:
2375:
2370:
2255:
2189:
1050:
859:
793:
777:
762:
743:
1782:
1519:
4724:
4662:
4657:
4619:
4589:
4584:
4413:
4353:
4196:
4140:
4132:
4094:
4084:
4056:
4036:
4026:
4021:
3986:
3971:
3908:
3903:
3827:
3792:
3580:
3385:
3286:
3281:
3266:
3194:
3190:
2910:
2862:
2793:
2523:
2394:
2384:
2315:
1439:
1076:
1027:. Its use is thus restricted to the oral treatment of intestinal infections.
1016:
758:
750:
583:
4257:
1402:
4677:
4639:
4537:
4490:
4292:
4180:
4176:
4104:
4041:
4011:
3976:
3946:
3782:
3757:
3742:
3732:
3722:
3696:
3637:
3585:
3532:
3505:
3495:
3390:
3344:
3244:
3215:
3183:
3131:
3107:
3089:
2993:
2887:
2847:
2730:
2626:
2579:
2491:
2355:
2340:
2275:
2193:
2148:
2113:
2078:
2043:
1926:
1869:
1826:
1790:
1755:
1720:
1654:
1527:
1410:
1295:
1260:
1099:
Standard grade neomycin is composed of several related compounds including
847:
198:
188:
178:
168:
158:
148:
138:
128:
118:
1990:
1570:
1053:
intermediates (Neo16) remains to be clarified (sequence similar to BtrD).
870:
Similar to other aminoglycosides, neomycin has excellent activity against
37:
4629:
4554:
4441:
4426:
4363:
4334:
4309:
4166:
4112:
4089:
4016:
4001:
3996:
3913:
3800:
3777:
3752:
3747:
3737:
3712:
3556:
3527:
3359:
3314:
3309:
3225:
2925:
2813:
2735:
2569:
2539:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2345:
2325:
2310:
2290:
2205:
1747:
1472:
978:
genes. Genes conferring neomycin-resistance are commonly included in DNA
934:
855:
766:
78:
20:
1711:
1694:
472:
4691:
4609:
4599:
4594:
4574:
4459:
4431:
4421:
4378:
4373:
4301:
4162:
4122:
4117:
4066:
4046:
4031:
4006:
3961:
3956:
3890:
3861:
3841:
3661:
3656:
3647:
3642:
3627:
3622:
3570:
3522:
3436:
3329:
3220:
3167:
3147:
3098:
3077:
2998:
2988:
2983:
2920:
2915:
2872:
2867:
2857:
2818:
2647:
2620:
2584:
2480:
2434:
2320:
2300:
2247:
2025:
1917:
1900:
1100:
919:
883:
746:
640:
483:
2140:
2070:
1693:
Kudo F, Yamamoto Y, Yokoyama K, Eguchi T, Kakinuma K (December 2005).
1636:
4709:
4699:
4687:
4634:
4624:
4546:
4533:
4474:
4469:
3991:
3951:
3938:
3871:
3866:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3677:
3632:
3595:
3590:
3561:
3551:
3541:
3339:
3324:
3319:
3304:
3230:
3205:
3201:
2803:
2778:
2720:
2692:
2663:
2657:
2641:
2631:
2574:
2549:
2544:
2410:
2330:
2243:
2213:
1861:
1818:
983:
418:
239:
64:
4314:
4076:
3546:
3354:
3271:
3172:
2852:
2773:
2762:
2758:
2700:
2559:
2534:
2389:
1024:
960:
938:
532:
463:
663:
4704:
4464:
4061:
3349:
2768:
2705:
2415:
2295:
2218:
979:
854:. Neomycin is not administered via injection, as it is extremely
815:
754:
99:
1548:
4398:
4288:
4158:
3364:
2749:
2715:
2202:
1011:
563:
28:
1091:
Neomycin C can undergo enzymatic synthesis from ribostamycin.
918:
In 2005–06, Neomycin was the fifth-most-prevalent allergen in
2978:
1082:
654:
543:
103:
4531:
1955:
Tsuji K, Robertson JH, Baas R, McInnis DJ (September 1969).
1939:
1075:-niosamine) in neamine biosynthesis, but with an additional
1899:
Kudo F, Kawashima T, Yokoyama K, Eguchi T (November 2009).
1898:
1881:
1879:
523:
1692:
1166:
858:(damaging to kidney function) even when compared to other
3818:
3469:
2003:
1954:
1885:
1876:
1768:
1619:
Waksman SA, Lechevalier HA, Harris DA (September 1949).
1618:
1942:
Oxford
Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
1901:"Enzymatic preparation of neomycin C from ribostamycin"
1388:
1215:. Vol. 3 (3rd ed.). 2007. pp. 2415–2416.
686:
O(3(O2O(CO)(O1O(CN)(O)(O)1N)2O)(O)(N)C3N)4O((O)(O)4N)CN
1803:
974:
Neomycin resistance is conferred by either one of two
792:
Neomycin was discovered in 1949 by the microbiologist
2188:
2004:
Jin Y, Watkins D, Degtyareva NN, Green KD, Spano MN,
1944:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 453.
963:, where it inhibits prokaryotic translation of mRNA.
1670:
Medicinal natural products: a biosynthetic approach
1621:"Neomycin—Production and Antibiotic Properties 123"
451:
381:)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2
1551:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
1492:
1490:
1230:
776:Neomycin was discovered in 1949 by microbiologist
2126:
4722:
1847:
1733:
1187:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952"
1030:Neomycin B is composed of four linked moieties:
431:
1487:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1128:
406:
1887:https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8378
1433:Neomycin Is Named Contact Allergen of the Year
765:class of antibiotics that contain two or more
4517:
4287:
4273:
3421:
3062:
2461:
2174:
1505:
2094:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters
1892:
1612:
1273:
1219:
800:. It is produced naturally by the bacterium
749:that displays bactericidal activity against
1542:
1450:
4524:
4510:
4280:
4266:
3889:
3428:
3414:
3069:
3055:
2468:
2454:
2181:
2167:
2091:
1444:
1045:Neomycin A, also called neamine, contains
593:
491:
36:
27:
2056:
2033:
1980:
1916:
1710:
1644:
1213:Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia
511:
2129:Journal of the American Chemical Society
1081:
1034:-neosamine, 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS),
997:
926:in 2010. Neomycin is also a known GABA
850:. Neomycin has also been used to treat
471:
83:
4723:
1667:
1336:. DERMAdoctor.com, Inc. Archived from
1135:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 507.
1122:
796:and his student Hubert Lechevalier at
780:and his student Hubert Lechevalier at
584:
4505:
4261:
3409:
3050:
2449:
2162:
1625:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
1002:Neomycin was first isolated from the
852:small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
571:
551:
229:
69:
1807:Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
1771:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
949:
202:
192:
182:
172:
162:
152:
142:
132:
122:
2833:Intestinal anti-inflammatory agents
982:used to establish stable mammalian
874:and is partially effective against
814:Neomycin is typically applied as a
531:
422:
13:
14:
4757:
2890:agents, excluding corticosteroids
1585:"G418/neomycin-cross resistance?"
1465:10.1097/00000542-197903000-00010
1288:10.1097/01206501-200509000-00004
888:minimum inhibitory concentration
818:preparation, such as Neosporin (
624:
618:
4532:Drugs used for diseases of the
2120:
2085:
2050:
1997:
1948:
1933:
1841:
1797:
1762:
1727:
1686:
1661:
1602:
1591:from the original on 2009-06-25
1577:
1499:
1425:
1382:
1371:from the original on 2015-12-22
1239:(2830). New York, N.Y.: 305–7.
1193:from the original on 2018-06-19
1149:from the original on 2020-08-01
1129:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
913:
820:neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin
809:
711:Key:PGBHMTALBVVCIT-DPNHOFNISA-N
333:)-5-Amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-((2
3929:transpeptidation/translocation
1351:
1326:
1310:
1267:
1204:
1179:
1160:
1106:
1094:
1056:Next is the attachment of the
922:results (10.0%). It was named
630:
612:
1:
2937:Antidiarrheal micro-organisms
2106:10.1016/S0960-894X(00)00372-3
1973:10.1128/AEM.18.3.396-398.1969
1132:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
1115:
969:
1563:10.1016/0005-2736(89)90529-4
1253:10.1126/science.109.2830.305
787:
7:
1321:dermatitis/neomycin-allergy
954:
886:. The following represents
865:
10:
4762:
4731:Aminoglycoside antibiotics
2779:Camphorated opium tincture
2516:Intestinal anti-infectives
2229:Sodium monofluorophosphate
2008:, Arya DP (January 2016).
1905:The Journal of Antibiotics
1699:The Journal of Antibiotics
1431:McNamara, Damian. (2010).
846:, the causative agent for
843:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
602:Chemical and physical data
4686:
4648:
4545:
4483:
4450:
4412:
4300:
4218:
4173:Quinupristin/dalfopristin
4131:
4103:
4075:
3937:
3926:
3880:
3826:
3817:
3791:
3705:
3690:
3670:
3609:
3492:
3477:
3468:
3441:inhibit protein synthesis
3373:
3295:
3252:
3243:
3140:
3106:
3097:
3007:
2961:
2936:
2832:
2744:
2690:
2515:
2499:
2403:
2369:
2242:
2201:
1783:10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.040
1520:10.1007/s00284-002-3945-9
719:
694:
674:
652:
639:
606:
601:
582:
562:
542:
522:
502:
482:
462:
442:
417:
397:
305:
300:
287:
277:
267:
257:
249:
219:
214:
109:
91:
77:
59:
49:
44:
35:
26:
3692:Tetracycline antibiotics
2712:, known as Pepto-Bismol)
2507:Oral rehydration therapy
2281:Cetylpyridinium chloride
1008:Streptomyces albogriseus
4560:Aluminium acetotartrate
2952:Saccharomyces boulardii
1889:(accessed Nov 5, 2023).
1850:Natural Product Reports
1736:Nature Chemical Biology
1668:Dewick M (March 2009).
1403:10.2310/6620.2009.08097
1334:"Your Medicine Cabinet"
4741:DNA-binding substances
4668:Fluocinolone acetonide
4369:Dichlorobenzyl alcohol
4310:Acriflavinium chloride
1087:
1021:Gram-negative bacteria
990:-resistance gene as a
876:Gram-positive bacteria
872:Gram-negative bacteria
824:hepatic encephalopathy
4736:Cell culture reagents
4389:Myristyl-benzalkonium
2974:Bismuth subsalicylate
2710:bismuth subsalicylate
2606:Succinylsulfathiazole
2601:Phthalylsulfathiazole
1085:
242:and similar ointments
4565:Aluminium triacetate
3882:Peptidyl transferase
2962:Other antidiarrheals
2416:Acetylsalicylic acid
2261:Benzoxonium chloride
1961:Applied Microbiology
1748:10.1038/nchembio.671
1508:Current Microbiology
1189:. Nobel Foundation.
1004:Streptomyces fradiae
998:Biosynthetic pathway
941:, hearing loss, and
924:Allergen of the Year
895:Enterobacter cloacae
828:hypercholesterolemia
803:Streptomyces fradiae
3511:Dihydrostreptomycin
3262:Silver sulfadiazine
2811:does not cross BBB:
2006:Garneau-Tsodikova S
1712:10.1038/ja.2005.104
1245:1949Sci...109..305W
365:)-3,5-diamino-2-((2
23:
4245:Never to phase III
3034:Never to phase III
2026:10.1039/C5MD00427F
1918:10.1038/ja.2009.88
1088:
931:-Aminobutyric acid
798:Rutgers University
782:Rutgers University
19:
16:Type of antibiotic
4718:
4717:
4605:Hydrogen peroxide
4499:
4498:
4452:Local anesthetics
4255:
4254:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4209:
3922:
3921:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3718:Chlortetracycline
3686:
3685:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3245:Chemotherapeutics
3239:
3238:
3122:Chlortetracycline
3082:chemotherapeutics
3044:
3043:
2484:anti-inflammatory
2443:
2442:
2361:Tibezonium iodide
2306:Hydrogen peroxide
2271:Chlortetracycline
2234:Stannous fluoride
2141:10.1021/ja016481j
2071:10.1021/bi020130f
1679:978-0-470-74168-9
1637:10.1172/JCI102182
1631:(5 Pt 1): 934–9.
1074:
1070:
1059:
1048:
1041:
1037:
1033:
992:selectable marker
950:Molecular biology
737:
736:
665:Interactive image
238: but OTC in
233:
4753:
4569:Burow's solution
4526:
4519:
4512:
4503:
4502:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4259:
4258:
3935:
3934:
3887:
3886:
3824:
3823:
3773:Rolitetracycline
3703:
3702:
3490:
3489:
3475:
3474:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3381:Ingenol mebutate
3250:
3249:
3104:
3103:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3048:
3047:
2945:Escherichia coli
2905:Aminosalicylates
2895:Cromoglicic acid
2470:
2463:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2351:Sodium perborate
2286:Domiphen bromide
2183:
2176:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2065:(24): 7695–706.
2054:
2048:
2047:
2037:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1920:
1896:
1890:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1862:10.1039/B604709M
1845:
1839:
1838:
1819:10.1039/B808734B
1801:
1795:
1794:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1648:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1448:
1442:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1330:
1324:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1228:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1126:
1072:
1068:
1057:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1031:
976:kanamycin kinase
907:Proteus vulgaris
901:Escherichia coli
880:hypersensitivity
832:gastrointestinal
771:glycosidic bonds
733:
732:
725:
667:
647:
632:
626:
620:
614:
597:
586:
575:
555:
535:
515:
495:
475:
455:
435:
425:
424:
410:
292:
231:
228:
206:
196:
186:
176:
166:
156:
146:
136:
126:
87:
73:
40:
31:
24:
22:
18:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4682:
4650:Corticosteroids
4644:
4580:Chloramphenicol
4541:
4530:
4500:
4495:
4479:
4446:
4408:
4404:Povidone-iodine
4384:Hexylresorcinol
4349:Cetylpyridinium
4296:
4286:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4235:Clinical trials
4206:
4192:Streptogramin B
4187:Streptogramin A
4127:
4099:
4071:
3918:
3899:Chloramphenicol
3876:
3830:
3805:
3787:
3768:Penimepicycline
3763:Oxytetracycline
3694:
3682:
3666:
3605:
3481:
3479:Aminoglycosides
3464:
3434:
3404:
3395:
3369:
3335:Podophyllotoxin
3291:
3235:
3159:Aminoglycosides
3152:Chloramphenicol
3136:
3127:Oxytetracycline
3110:and derivatives
3093:
3075:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3024:Clinical trials
3003:
2969:Albumin tannate
2957:
2932:
2841:corticosteroids
2828:
2746:Antipropulsives
2740:
2686:
2511:
2495:
2474:
2444:
2439:
2399:
2376:Glucocorticoids
2373:
2371:Corticosteroids
2365:
2238:
2224:Sodium fluoride
2197:
2187:
2157:
2156:
2135:(44): 11093–4.
2125:
2121:
2090:
2086:
2055:
2051:
2002:
1998:
1953:
1949:
1938:
1934:
1897:
1893:
1884:
1877:
1846:
1842:
1813:(18): 3306–14.
1802:
1798:
1767:
1763:
1732:
1728:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1666:
1662:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1547:
1543:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1449:
1445:
1430:
1426:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1343:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1315:
1311:
1272:
1268:
1229:
1220:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1109:
1097:
1000:
972:
957:
952:
916:
868:
860:aminoglycosides
812:
790:
728:
726:
723:(what is this?)
720:
715:
712:
707:
702:
701:
690:
687:
682:
681:
670:
645:
635:
629:
623:
617:
578:
558:
538:
518:
498:
478:
458:
438:
421:
413:
393:
390:
389:-pyran-3,4-diol
313:
312:
290:
269:Protein binding
259:Bioavailability
251:Pharmacokinetic
245:
210:
94:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4759:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4673:Hydrocortisone
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4562:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4529:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4506:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4456:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4359:Chlorquinaldol
4356:
4351:
4346:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4320:Amylmetacresol
4317:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4291:preparations (
4285:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4170:
4156:
4137:
4135:
4133:Streptogramins
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4052:Troleandomycin
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3982:Flurithromycin
3979:
3974:
3969:
3967:Clarithromycin
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3932:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3895:
3893:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3793:Glycylcyclines
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:Demeclocycline
3725:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3700:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3619:
3617:
3613:Micromonospora
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3601:Nourseothricin
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3487:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3437:Antibacterials
3433:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3277:Sulfamethizole
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3186:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3155:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3117:Demeclocycline
3113:
3111:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3086:dermatological
3074:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3051:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2853:Hydrocortisone
2850:
2843:acting locally
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2783:
2782:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2759:Opium tincture
2755:
2753:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2680:Broxyquinoline
2669:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2611:Sulfaguanidine
2608:
2603:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2530:Amphotericin B
2519:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2488:anti-infective
2477:Antidiarrheals
2473:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2390:Hydrocortisone
2387:
2381:
2379:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2256:Amphotericin B
2252:
2250:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2192:preparations (
2190:Stomatological
2186:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2119:
2100:(17): 1897–9.
2084:
2049:
2020:(1): 164–169.
1996:
1947:
1932:
1891:
1875:
1840:
1796:
1777:(13): 4360–8.
1761:
1742:(11): 843–52.
1726:
1705:(12): 766–74.
1685:
1678:
1660:
1611:
1601:
1576:
1541:
1498:
1486:
1453:Anesthesiology
1443:
1438:2015-04-22 at
1424:
1381:
1350:
1325:
1309:
1266:
1218:
1203:
1178:
1159:
1141:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1096:
1093:
1051:aminoglycoside
999:
996:
971:
968:
956:
953:
951:
948:
915:
912:
911:
910:
904:
898:
897:: >16 μg/ml
867:
864:
811:
808:
794:Selman Waksman
789:
786:
778:Selman Waksman
763:aminoglycoside
744:aminoglycoside
735:
734:
717:
716:
714:
713:
710:
708:
705:
697:
696:
695:
692:
691:
689:
688:
685:
677:
676:
675:
672:
671:
669:
668:
660:
658:
650:
649:
643:
637:
636:
633:
627:
621:
615:
610:
604:
603:
599:
598:
588:
580:
579:
577:
576:
568:
566:
560:
559:
557:
556:
548:
546:
540:
539:
537:
536:
528:
526:
520:
519:
517:
516:
508:
506:
500:
499:
497:
496:
488:
486:
480:
479:
477:
476:
468:
466:
460:
459:
457:
456:
448:
446:
440:
439:
437:
436:
428:
426:
415:
414:
412:
411:
403:
401:
395:
394:
392:
391:
316:
308:
307:
306:
303:
302:
298:
297:
294:
285:
284:
281:
275:
274:
271:
265:
264:
261:
255:
254:
247:
246:
244:
243:
225:
223:
217:
216:
212:
211:
209:
208:
115:
113:
107:
106:
97:
95:administration
89:
88:
81:
75:
74:
67:
57:
56:
53:
47:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4758:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4663:Dexamethasone
4661:
4659:
4658:Betamethasone
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4620:Nitrofurazone
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4590:Ciprofloxacin
4588:
4586:
4585:Chlorhexidine
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4539:
4535:
4527:
4522:
4520:
4515:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4354:Chlorhexidine
4352:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4271:
4269:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4202:
4198:
4197:Virginiamycin
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4141:Pristinamycin
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4095:Solithromycin
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4085:Telithromycin
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:Tulathromycin
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4037:Telithromycin
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4027:Solithromycin
4025:
4023:
4022:Roxithromycin
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3987:Gamithromycin
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3972:Dirithromycin
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3909:Thiamphenicol
3907:
3905:
3904:Azidamfenicol
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3828:Oxazolidinone
3825:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:Tetracyclines
3704:
3701:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3581:Spectinomycin
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:Metronidazole
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3287:Sulfamerazine
3285:
3283:
3282:Sulfanilamide
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:Sulfathiazole
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:Virginiamycin
3192:
3191:Streptogramin
3189:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:Sulfasalazine
2909:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2878:Beclometasone
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:Betamethasone
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2794:Diphenoxylate
2792:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2395:Triamcinolone
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:Dexamethasone
2383:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:Metronidazole
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:Chlorhexidine
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1911:(11): 643–6.
1910:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1856:(6): 864–74.
1855:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1605:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1557:(1): 105–12.
1556:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:(3): 237–43.
1513:
1509:
1502:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:(3): 218–20.
1458:
1454:
1447:
1441:
1440:archive.today
1437:
1434:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1397:(3): 149–60.
1396:
1392:
1385:
1367:
1360:
1354:
1340:on 2009-07-09
1339:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1282:(3): 115–20.
1281:
1277:
1270:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1207:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1169:
1163:
1148:
1144:
1142:9783527607495
1138:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1077:epimerization
1067:Neosamine B (
1065:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1038:-ribose, and
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:Gram-positive
1013:
1009:
1005:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
967:
964:
962:
947:
944:
940:
936:
932:
930:
925:
921:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
892:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:
838:
836:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
807:
805:
804:
799:
795:
785:
783:
779:
774:
772:
769:connected by
768:
764:
760:
759:Gram-positive
756:
752:
751:Gram-negative
748:
745:
741:
731:
724:
718:
709:
704:
703:
700:
693:
684:
683:
680:
673:
666:
662:
661:
659:
656:
651:
644:
642:
638:
611:
609:
605:
600:
596:
592:
589:
587:
585:ECHA InfoCard
581:
574:
570:
569:
567:
565:
561:
554:
550:
549:
547:
545:
541:
534:
530:
529:
527:
525:
521:
514:
510:
509:
507:
505:
501:
494:
490:
489:
487:
485:
481:
474:
470:
469:
467:
465:
461:
454:
450:
449:
447:
445:
441:
434:
430:
429:
427:
420:
416:
409:
405:
404:
402:
400:
396:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
314:
311:
304:
299:
295:
293:
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
270:
266:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
241:
237:
227:
226:
224:
222:
218:
213:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
117:
116:
114:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98:
96:
90:
86:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
52:
48:
45:Clinical data
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
4678:Prednisolone
4640:Tetracycline
4614:
4491:Flurbiprofen
4436:
4394:Oxyquinoline
4330:Benzethonium
4325:Benzalkonium
4181:Quinupristin
4177:Dalfopristin
4105:Lincosamides
4042:Tildipirosin
4012:Oleandomycin
3977:Erythromycin
3947:Azithromycin
3783:Tetracycline
3758:Omadacycline
3743:Meclocycline
3733:Eravacycline
3723:Clomocycline
3638:Micronomicin
3611:
3586:Hygromycin B
3575:+loteprednol
3533:Ribostamycin
3517:
3506:Streptomycin
3496:Streptomyces
3494:
3391:Tirbanibulin
3345:Tromantadine
3254:Sulfonamides
3216:Fusidic acid
3212:
3184:Nadifloxacin
3162:
3132:Tetracycline
3108:Tetracycline
2994:Racecadotril
2950:
2943:
2903:
2888:antiallergic
2886:
2848:Prednisolone
2839:
2823:+simethicone
2810:
2786:
2726:Crospovidone
2674:Oxyquinoline
2672:
2656:
2640:
2627:Nifuroxazide
2619:
2595:Sulfonamides
2593:
2580:Streptomycin
2554:
2522:
2356:Tetracycline
2341:Oxyquinoline
2335:
2276:Clotrimazole
2132:
2128:
2122:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2062:
2059:Biochemistry
2058:
2052:
2017:
2013:
1999:
1967:(3): 396–8.
1964:
1960:
1950:
1941:
1935:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1669:
1663:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1604:
1593:. Retrieved
1579:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1427:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1373:. Retrieved
1353:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:the original
1328:
1319:
1312:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1236:
1232:
1212:
1211:"Neomycin".
1206:
1195:. Retrieved
1181:
1162:
1151:. Retrieved
1131:
1124:
1110:
1098:
1089:
1066:
1062:ribosylation
1060:-ribose via
1055:
1044:
1042:-neosamine.
1029:
1007:
1003:
1001:
987:
973:
965:
958:
928:
917:
914:Side effects
909:: 0.25 μg/ml
906:
900:
894:
869:
848:tuberculosis
841:
839:
813:
810:Medical uses
801:
791:
775:
767:amino sugars
739:
738:
727:
721:
573:ChEMBL449118
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
296:2 to 3 hours
289:Elimination
221:Legal status
215:Legal status
4746:Otologicals
4692:anesthetics
4630:Polymyxin B
4555:Acetic acid
4442:Tyrothricin
4427:Fusafungine
4414:Antibiotics
4364:Dequalinium
4335:Cetrimonium
4302:Antiseptics
4231:from market
4167:Linopristin
4113:Clindamycin
4090:Cethromycin
4017:Rokitamycin
4002:Midecamycin
3997:Kitasamycin
3914:Florfenicol
3891:Amphenicols
3835:inhibitors)
3801:Tigecycline
3778:Sarecycline
3753:Minocycline
3748:Metacycline
3738:Lymecycline
3713:Doxycycline
3557:Bekanamycin
3528:Paromomycin
3486:inhibitors)
3360:Ibacitabine
3315:Idoxuridine
3310:Penciclovir
3226:Tyrothricin
3099:Antibiotics
3078:Antibiotics
3020:from market
2926:Balsalazide
2814:Eluxadoline
2781:(paregoric)
2736:Diosmectite
2731:Attapulgite
2708:(including
2691:Intestinal
2570:Polymyxin B
2565:Paromomycin
2540:Fidaxomicin
2524:Antibiotics
2500:Rehydration
2431:Epinephrine
2426:Benzydamine
2421:Becaplermin
2346:Polynoxylin
2326:Minocycline
2311:Mepartricin
2291:Doxycycline
2248:antiseptics
2206:prophylaxis
2014:MedChemComm
1107:DNA binding
1095:Composition
856:nephrotoxic
648: g·mol
591:100.014.333
301:Identifiers
79:MedlinePlus
51:Trade names
4725:Categories
4688:Analgesics
4610:Miconazole
4600:Gentamicin
4595:Clioquinol
4575:Boric acid
4460:Benzocaine
4432:Gramicidin
4422:Bacitracin
4379:Hexetidine
4374:Hexamidine
4163:Flopristin
4123:Pirlimycin
4118:Lincomycin
4067:Tylvalosin
4047:Tilmicosin
4032:Spiramycin
4007:Miocamycin
3962:Carrimycin
3957:Carbomycin
3939:Macrolides
3862:Ranbezolid
3842:Eperezolid
3833:initiation
3662:Astromicin
3657:Verdamicin
3648:Isepamicin
3643:Plazomicin
3628:Netilmicin
3623:Gentamicin
3571:Tobramycin
3523:Framycetin
3484:initiation
3330:Resiquimod
3297:Antivirals
3221:Bacitracin
3180:Quinolones
3168:Gentamicin
3148:Amphenicol
2999:Kaopectate
2989:Octreotide
2984:Crofelemer
2921:Olsalazine
2916:Mesalazine
2873:Budesonide
2868:Tixocortol
2858:Prednisone
2819:Loperamide
2693:adsorbents
2648:Miconazole
2621:Nitrofuran
2585:Vancomycin
2481:intestinal
2435:Adrenalone
2321:Miconazole
2301:Hexetidine
1609:6160-6164.
1595:2008-10-19
1391:Dermatitis
1375:2014-03-31
1364:. TOKU-E.
1344:2008-10-19
1276:Dermatitis
1197:2008-10-29
1168:US 2799620
1153:2020-05-25
1116:References
1101:neomycin A
1086:Neomycin B
984:cell lines
970:Resistance
943:vestibular
937:, causing
920:patch test
884:Polysporin
747:antibiotic
653:3D model (
641:Molar mass
553:CHEBI:7508
513:I16QD7X297
484:ChemSpider
444:IUPHAR/BPS
399:CAS Number
310:IUPAC name
279:Metabolism
4710:Phenazone
4700:Lidocaine
4635:Rifamycin
4625:Ofloxacin
4547:Infection
4475:Lidocaine
4470:Dyclonine
4241:Phase III
4229:Withdrawn
4077:Ketolides
3992:Josamycin
3952:Boromycin
3872:Tedizolid
3867:Sutezolid
3857:Radezolid
3852:Posizolid
3847:Linezolid
3678:Butirosin
3633:Sisomicin
3596:Apramycin
3591:Totomycin
3562:Dibekacin
3552:Arbekacin
3542:Kanamycin
3340:Docosanol
3325:Imiquimod
3320:Edoxudine
3305:Aciclovir
3231:Mupirocin
3206:Rifaximin
3202:Rifamycin
3030:Phase III
3018:Withdrawn
2979:Ceratonia
2804:Difenoxin
2798:+atropine
2664:Acetarsol
2658:Arsenical
2642:Imidazole
2632:Nifurzide
2575:Rifaximin
2550:Natamycin
2545:Kanamycin
2411:Amlexanox
2331:Natamycin
2244:Infection
2214:Dectaflur
1023:, but is
903:: 1 μg/ml
788:Discovery
408:1404-04-2
291:half-life
240:Neosporin
93:Routes of
71:Monograph
65:Drugs.com
4615:Neomycin
4437:Neomycin
4343:chloride
4315:Ambazone
3699:binding)
3610:-micin (
3547:Amikacin
3518:Neomycin
3493:-mycin (
3355:Lysozyme
3272:Mafenide
3173:Amikacin
3163:Neomycin
2787:crosses
2774:Morphine
2763:laudanum
2701:Charcoal
2560:Nystatin
2555:Neomycin
2535:Colistin
2490:agents (
2336:Neomycin
2149:11686727
2114:10987412
2079:12056901
2044:26811742
1927:19713992
1870:17119636
1835:29942953
1827:18802637
1791:17482823
1756:21983602
1721:16506694
1655:16695766
1589:Archived
1536:23170091
1528:14570276
1481:13551808
1436:Archived
1419:24088485
1411:19470301
1366:Archived
1304:31248441
1296:16242081
1261:17782716
1191:Archived
1147:Archived
1025:ototoxic
980:plasmids
961:ribosome
955:Activity
939:tinnitus
935:ototoxic
866:Spectrum
753:aerobic
740:Neomycin
730:(verify)
464:DrugBank
111:ATC code
21:Neomycin
4705:Cocaine
4465:Cocaine
4339:bromide
4062:Tylosin
3350:Inosine
2769:Codeine
2750:opioids
2706:Bismuth
2296:Eugenol
2219:Olaflur
2035:4722958
1991:4907002
1571:2537103
1317:DermNet
1241:Bibcode
1233:Science
835:surgery
816:topical
755:bacilli
646:614.650
608:Formula
473:DB00994
419:PubChem
349:)-5-((1
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191: (
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181: (
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171: (
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3927:MLS (
3671:other
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2404:Other
1831:S2CID
1532:S2CID
1477:S2CID
1415:S2CID
1369:(PDF)
1362:(PDF)
1300:S2CID
929:gamma
699:InChI
655:JSmol
544:ChEBI
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3697:tRNA
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