583:(early South Slavic) elements. Although these two languages were quite similar up to the early 12th century, with few phonological, morphological and lexical differences at that point, scholars have noted a general pattern of religious passages and moral teachings featuring strong Old Church Slavonic elements, whereas entries on events in specific years are dominated by Old East Slavic elements. Nevertheless, there are no clear linguistic boundaries between the two, as profane (secular) passages sometimes feature Old Church Slavonicisms, while devotional passages sometimes feature Old East Slavicisms. In the view of many modern linguistics, the authors (and editors) of the
1164:, sent messengers to Askold and Dir, representing himself as a stranger on his way to Greece on an errand for Oleg and for Igor', the prince's son, requesting a meeting. He then ambushed Askold and Dir, saying: "You are not princes nor even of princely stock, but I am of princely birth." Igor' was then brought forward, and Oleg announced that he was the son of Rurik. They killed Askold and Dir, and after carrying them to the hill, they buried them there, on the hill now known as Uhorska (Hungarian hill), where the castle of Ol'ma now stands.' Then 'Oleg set himself up as prince in Kiev' (
57:
1417:
612:
1756:. Following Vladimir's successful conquest of the city, he demanded that the Emperor's 'unwedded' sister be given up for marriage with him. Upon hearing the news from Korsun, emperor Basil responded that "It is not meet for Christians to be given in marriage to pagans. If you are baptized, you shall have her to wife, inherit the kingdom of God, and be our companion in faith." The legend concludes with Vladimir's embrace of Christianity at the
1445:. In the introduction, the chronicler explores the biblical origin of the Slavic people, and traces their heritage back to Noah. On numerous occasions throughout the text, the chronicler discusses the pagan Slavs in a condescending manner, saying “for they were but pagans, and therefore ignorant.” Later in the
1792:, archaeologists unearthed the foundations of three churches and determined that the one containing the richest findings was allegedly used for the baptism of the Kievan Prince. The unearthed material evidence proved sufficient to pinpoint the real location of the legend's events with reasonable accuracy.
301:
282:
The content of the chronicle is known today from the several surviving versions and codices, revised over the years, slightly varying from one another. Because of several identified chronological issues and numerous logical incongruities pointed out by historians over the years, its reliability as a
1929:
was more concerned with exploring the religious significance of the events rather than conveying to the reader the information about how it actually happened. As a result, a sizable portion of the text was directly borrowed from earlier works that contained a religious undertone like some
Byzantine
1061:
acceded in 313, not 318, and the resulting sum of 318+542 years leads to another erroneous accession of
Michael III, this time in 860. This then leads to an internal contradiction, when "Michael the Emperor" is said to have mounted a campaign against the Bulgars in 853–858 (6361–6366), which could
2021:
The 2001 German translation by Ludolf Müller has been called 'without doubt the best available rendering of the PVL into a modern language'. The 2015 Dutch translation by Hans Thuis (begun with
Victoria van Aalst since 2000) was based on the main six textual witnesses, scholarly publications by
1900:, mentioned by Likhachov as essential to making sense of its narrative, stems from the facts that the text was initially compiled and edited by multiple authors with different agendas and that it had to be translated from Old East Slavic language, which proved to be an arduous task.
2011:
had become the common shortened
English name for the text shared by the surviving five main manuscripts of the PVL. Nevertheless, Cross' translation was often found inaccurate, with Waugh (1974) writing that Perfecky (1973) had produced a more reliable English translation of the
2275:
According to
Gippius (2014), the six main manuscripts can be divided in three groups of two: Laurentian/Trinity (LT), Radziwiłł/Academic (RA), and Hypatian/Khlebnikov (HX). Gippius considered the last group the "southern, Kievan branch" and the other four the "Vladimir-Suzdal
3764:
Die
Nestorchronik: die altrussische Chronik, zugeschrieben dem Mönch des Kiever Höhlenklosters Nestor, in der Redaktion des Abtes Silvestr aus dem Jahre 1116, rekonstruiert nach den Handschriften Lavrentevskaja, Radzivilovskaja, Akademiceskaja, Troickaja, Ipatevskaja und
1057:. Moreover, a few sentences later, the text states: 'from the birth of Christ to Constantine, 318 years; and from Constantine to Michael, 542 years. Twenty-nine years passed between the first year of Michael's reign and the accession of Oleg, Prince of Rus'.' However,
1234:
assumed the throne following her husband's death and brought revenge upon Igor's murderers. Some of the
Derevlians were burned in their homes, others were buried alive, while the remaining were simply slaughtered. Olga later ruled as a regent for her young son
2022:
Müller, Likhachev and
Ostrowski, and by comparison to the German translation of Trautmann (1931), the English translation of Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor (1930, 1953), the Russian translation of Likhachev (1950), and the German translation of Müller (2001).
775:
with many additional irregular east-slavisms (like other east-Slavic codices of the time). Whereas the
Laurentian (Muscovite) text traces the Kievan legacy through to the Muscovite princes, the Hypatian text traces the Kievan legacy through the rulers of the
1960:
writes “the author was serving his rulers, identifying princes and people and leaving historians with a muddle virtually impossible to sort out.” He also mentions that there are discrepancies when overlapping
Scandinavian history with the narrative of the
382:
inserted into the text by an editor, perhaps guessing at the author's name. From the 1830s to around 1900, there was fierce academic debate about Nestor's authorship, but the question remained unresolved, and belief in Nestorian authorship persisted. The
1811:. It has been argued that by honoring Vladimir the Great and his contribution to the Eastern Orthodoxy, the cathedral serves the purpose of validating Russia's historical ties with the Crimean Peninsula, the accounts of which are preserved by the
275:: "These are the narratives of bygone years regarding the origin of the land of Rus', the first princes of Kiev, and from what source the land of Rus' had its beginning". The work is considered a fundamental source for the earliest history of the
1850:
However, its reliability has been widely called into question and placed under careful examination by contemporary specialists in the field of the Old East Slavonic history. The first doubts about trustworthiness of the narratives were voiced by
466:(now a neighborhood of Kyiv) where Sylvester's monastery was situated, the new edition glorified Vladimir and made him the central figure of later narrative. This second version of Nestor's work is preserved in the Laurentian codex (see
2563:
The major source of information about early East Slavic history is Повѣсть времѧньныхъ лѣтъ (=PVL) Americans usually know it as the Russian Primary Chronicle, for that is the title Samuel Hazzard Cross gave to his 1930 translation into
1139:
and their kinsfolk crossed the sea and settled themselves in various localities, and it is claimed that it was after these Varangians that the land of Rus' would eventually be named. Around the same time, two other Varangians called
1896:, "No other country in the world is cloaked in such contradictory myths about its history as Russia, and no other nation in the world interprets its history as variously as do the Russian people." The need to interpret the
1181:) 'and declared that it should be the mother of Rus' cities.' According to the text's aforementioned chronology of Oleg's accession 29 years after Michael III in 860, Oleg's reign should have begun in 889 rather than 881/2.
1207:
for Rus'. The Greek emperor Leo conceded to provide allowances for Oleg's men, award them a right to stay and trade in Constantinople free of tax, and to enter unconditional peace. This event is not mentioned in Byzantine
387:
of the PVL and the known works of Nestor often contradict one another, while the contents barely coincide in places where they seemingly should, so modern scholars have concluded that Nestor was not the author.
1269:: Yaropolk proved himself victorious against his brother Oleg but died at the hands of men of his other brother Vladimir. After inheriting the throne, Vladimir initially upheld pagan practices and worshipped
2154:
1921:'manipulated his sources in the usual way: information that was not compatible was left aside, while the elements that should be there but did not exist, were invented.' Russian historian and author
1949:
clan's entry into Kiev, were invented "so as to produce a meaningful reconstruction of past events and include these well-known names" in the author's "historical scenario." Tolochko called the
1041:
says: "In the year 6360 (852), the fifteenth of the indiction, at the accession of the Emperor Michael, the land of Rus' was first named". It is thus claimed that the reign of Byzantine emperor
568:
There probably were no "earlier local chronicles". The hypothesis that a local chronicle was written before the late 980s at the St Elias church in Kiev "has to remain an unproven speculation".
1214:: After Oleg's prophetic death from a snakebite, prince Igor succeeded him as the ruler of Rus' and was neither “successful in his military campaigns nor popular with people.” According to the
627:
Because the original of the chronicle as well as the earliest known copies are lost, it is difficult to establish the original content of the chronicle. The six main manuscripts preserving the
542:(literally "the Sinner", as he called himself; also known as "George the Monk") who tried to adhere strictly to truth, and whose works are the only contemporary source for the period 813–842
1969:
such as: “in Scandinavia itself, there were no sagas of Viking triumphs and wars in Russia to match those recounting the conquest of Iceland and the British Isles”. The credibility of the
448:
came to power in the lands of the Slavs, why the dynasty was the only legitimate one and why all the princes should terminate their internal fights and rule in peace and brotherly love.'
477:. The author of this revision could have been Greek, for he corrected and updated much data on Byzantine affairs. This revision of Nestor's work is preserved in the Hypatian codex (see
780:
principality. The Hypatian codex was rediscovered in Kiev in the 1620s, and a copy was made for Prince Kostiantyn Ostrozhsky. A copy was found in Russia in the 18th century at the
3337:
939:
1757:
1953:
an outstanding work of literature with an untrustworthy story and concluded that "there is absolutely no reason to continue basing our knowledge of the past on its content."
1861:(1816–26), which brought attention to Nestor's questionable chronology and style of prose. Building upon Karamzin's observations, further inquiries into the philology of the
1784:
with material evidence from Crimea. Their efforts became known in the realms of historical discipline as the “archaeology of the Korsun legend.” This search culminated under
4419:
National history as cultural process: A survey of the interpretations of Ukraine's past in Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian historical writing from the earliest times to 1914
1125:. The various tributaries of the Varangians attempted to rid themselves of the Varangian lordship, which led to quarrels among the tribes and culminated in them inviting a
1934:. The protagonists are frequently identified with biblical personages and so are ascribed certain relevant qualities and deeds that did not necessarily match the reality.
1803:, which has been destroyed on three separate occasions after first being erected and was renovated each time thereafter. The cathedral last faced destruction during the
587:
probably considered the language they wrote in to be one single language. However, this literary language likely differed significantly from the Old East Slavic spoken
2234:, along with the lack of coincidence of its contents with Nestor's works wherever the two are related, is distinctly opposed to the tradition of Nestorian authorship.'
378:, and thus cannot be used as evidence for the name of the compiler of the PVL. The word is not found in any of the other five main versions of the PVL, and is thus an
985:
also contradicts itself, especially between narrative and chronological parts, which appear to have been written by two different authors. Several scholars including
1567:
425:) this chronicle", after which he requests the readers to remember him in their prayers. Alternately, the real author may have been some other unnamed monk from the
3747:"Laurentian Codex 1377: digitisation of the Laurentian Codex, including transliteration and translation into modern Russian, with an introduction in English"
372:(discovered in 1809), which some readers took to refer to Nestor "the Chronicler". But as Ostrowski (1981) pointed out: 'The word нестера was added in the
735:. The account continues until 1305, but the years 898–922, 1263–83 and 1288–94 are missing for reasons unknown. The manuscript was acquired by the famous
591:
in contemporary Kiev, which appears to have been an amalgamation of several Old East Slavic dialects, with relatively few Old Church Slavonic influences.
803:
and other Soviet scholars partly revisited his findings. Their versions attempted to reconstruct the pre-Nestorian chronicle, compiled at the court of
1049:' account ) point out that it began on 21 January 842. Shakhmatov (1897) demonstrated that an editor based himself on a miscalculation found in the
3614:(assoc. ed. David J. Birnbaum (Harvard Library of Early Ukrainian Literature, vol. 10, parts 1–3) – This 2003 Ostrowski et al. edition includes an
2003:, which became very influential amongst American readers. Cross was working on a revised edition when he died; it was completed and published by
1892:
as a literary creation that fell under heavy influence of the Church and the State. Dmitry Likhachov famously wrote in his 1950 critique of the
1710:, and others were named as descendants of Japheth. In the very beginning, humanity was united into a single nation, but after the fall of the
921:
from the Drevlians, preventing her from having to marry a Drevlian prince, and allowing her to act as regent until her young son came of age.)
559:
493:
shows signs of compilation, different historical elements are brought together into a single cohesive historical account. Studies by Russian
3688:
1824:
1319:, whose reign brought an end to the unified kingdom of Rus but laid the foundation for the development of the written tradition in the
600:
1780:, and archaeologists had attempted to determine the actual location of Vladimir's conversion by synthesizing textual evidence of the
606:
2487:
1833:
is unique as the only written testimony on the earliest history of East Slavic people. Its comprehensive account of the history of
1025:, in the introductory portion of the text, and concludes with the year 1117 in the chronicle's third edition. Russian philologist
4472:
4260:"История Российская" Василия Татищева: источники и известия "Istoriia Rossiiskaia" Vasiliia Tatishcheva: istochniki i izvestiia
720:
4187:
3667:
The Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text. Translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor
1999:
professor Samuel Hazzard Cross published an English translation of the Laurentian Codex's version of the PVL under the title
1914:
being more than just "a patron of Slavonic books" – are reconstructed and the logical incongruities of the text are faced.
3718:
2955:
4467:
4462:
3847:
3596:
1888:
who rewrote the annals to make political claims that best suited their own purposes." Shakhmatov further described the
1288:
1204:
4432:
Velychenko, Stephen (2007). "Nationalizing and Denationalizing the Past. Ukraine and Russia in Comparative Context".
4426:
4397:
4272:
3907:
3819:
3762:
3047:
3793:(Leipzig 1931, Wiesbaden 1948), pp. 76. Leipzig: Markert & Petters. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. (based only on the
1245:: Svyatoslav was killed in a Pecheneg ambush while returning from one of his frequent campaigns against the Greeks.
504:
is not a single literary work but an amalgamation of a number of ancestors accounts and documents. In compiling the
2014:
1239:, who went on to have an extensive military career as an adult, venturing East against the Khazars and the Bulgars.
932:
767:
362:, even though many of the events they described took place in the 12th and 13th century, long after Nestor's death
358:
17:
4177:
4132:
1808:
3690:
SLA 218. Ukrainian Literature and Culture. Excerpts from The Rus' Primary Chronicle (Povest vremennykh let, PVL)
2214:
texts that were somehow "lost" later also identified "Nestor" as the author. Modern scholars distrust all such "
3773:
3268:
Mara Kozelsky. “Ruins into Relics: The Monument to Saint Vladimir on the Excavations of Chersonesos, 1827-57.”
1054:
731:
in 1377. The original text he used was a codex (since lost) compiled in 1305 for the Grand Prince of Vladimir,
521:
366:
1114. Another reason given for belief in Nestorian authorship was the word нестера in the opening lines of the
4124:""I Would Sacrifice Myself for my Academy and its Glory!" August Ludwig von Schlözer and the Discovery of the
791:
Numerous monographs and published versions of the chronicle have been made, the earliest known being in 1767.
4477:
1151:
1981:
1844:
429:
mentioned in the title, and Sylvester completed his work, or was a very early editor or copyist of the PVL.
1857:
3428:“Primary Rus’ Without The Primary Chronicle: New Round Of Debate About The Early History Of Eastern Europe
411:), who may have compiled several sources in the year 1116. This attribution is based on the fact that the
4406:
García de la Puente, Inés. 2006. “Single Combats in the PVL. An Indo-European Comparative Analysis”. In:
3837:
1718:
was derived from the line of Japheth, “since they are the Noricians, who are identified with the Slavs.”
379:
3696:. Toronto: Electronic Library of Ukrainian Literature, University of Toronto. p. 16. Archived from
4452:
4389:
2142:
1404:
870:
740:
4296:
3430:(Book Review: Tolochko A. P. 2015. Ocherki Nachalnoj Rusi. Kiev; Saint Petersburg: 'Laurus' Publ.).”
3427:
3306:
3212:
2187:
1122:
881:
342:, late 17th-century writers began to assert that Nestor "the Chronicler" wrote many of the surviving
1433:
is vibrant with Christian themes and biblical allusions, which are often said to reflect the text’s
1062:
not have happened before he became Byzantine emperor in 860 according to the latter accession date.
4324:
3588:
2243:
1945:
contents are more or less fictional. Tolochko argued that some of the tales, like the story of the
1839:
1422:
1346:
1165:
969:
772:
660:
437:
199:
134:
62:
1973:
should be taken with a grain of salt for its undertone of being a political tool to justify rule.
1287:, which later became referred to as the "Baptism of Rus'" because it was followed by a widespread
4482:
2167:
1796:
1737:
1727:
1454:
1358:
1334:
1306:
1280:
4059:"Lexical Variation in the Copies of the Rus´ "Primary Chronicle": Some Methodological Problems"
3697:
2215:
863:
728:
4091:"What the Rus' Primary Chronicle Tells Us about the Origin of the Slavs and of Slavic Writing"
3213:“The Story of ‘Chazar Tribute’: A Scandinavian Ritual Trick in the Russian Primary Chronicle.”
2537:
Horace G. Lunt (Summer 1988). "On Interpreting the Russian Primary Chronicle: The Year 1037".
4379:
4233:
2576:
2055:
2004:
1800:
1382:
1058:
736:
418:
315:
256:
74:
1131:("prince") from the Varangians to rule over them. As a result, the three Varangian brothers
4457:
2038:
1881:
1442:
1392:
1372:
1302:
1236:
1218:, Oleg died in 922; if Oleg (Helgi) is the same person as HLGW, "king of the Rus'", in the
994:
978:
3746:
8:
2261:
2133:
1910:(1988) found it important to "admit freely that we are speculating" when tales – such as
1761:
1741:
925:
620:
580:
535:, a Greek chronicler, who in 563 produced an 18+book work of myth and truth intertwined.
426:
404:
339:
4383:
3665:
3338:
Velikoe nasledie: Klassicheskie proizvedenija literatury Drevnej Rusi. Zametki o russkom
4360:
4352:
4305:
4267:]. Moscow: Новое литературное обозрение Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. p. 543.
4213:
4157:
4149:
4110:
4070:
4038:
3995:
3953:
3945:
3926:"Reconstructing the original of the Povesť vremennyx let: a contribution to the debate"
2554:
2178:
2032:
1996:
1903:
1877:
1804:
1667:
1450:
1350:
1260:
1252:
1197:: Prince Oleg defeats the Radimichians and the Severians, bringing them under his rule.
1026:
990:
986:
792:
759:
dates to the 15th century. It incorporates much information from the lost 12th-century
672:
497:
474:
146:
4422:
4393:
4364:
4268:
4183:
4161:
4102:
3999:
3978:
3957:
3903:
3843:
3815:
3769:
3043:
2207:
2044:
1911:
1749:
1550:
1523:
1400:
1316:
1136:
1082:
1006:
947:
943:
804:
781:
696:
632:
539:
459:
392:
384:
343:
259:
beginning in the 12th century, but this is no longer believed to have been the case.
244:
3683:(First edition published in 1930. The first 50 pages are a scholarly introduction.)
1776:
creation, the legend's factuality was subject to extensive debate. Many historians,
4342:
4245:
4202:"Textual Criticism and the Povest' vremennykh let: Some Theoretical Considerations"
4197:
4141:
4030:
3987:
3937:
3884:
3548:
3035:
2546:
2158:
1938:
1880:(1916), some of the incongruities are a direct result of the fact that "the ruling
1869:(1950), the chronicle exhibits the presence of plentiful "fillers" that were added
1866:
1852:
1458:
1342:
1256:
1220:
1161:
1001:
were not added to the text until the 11th century, unless directly copied from the
800:
796:
761:
744:
715:
684:
640:
455:
413:
374:
368:
352:
269:
251:
from about 850 to 1110. It is believed to have been originally compiled in or near
158:
114:
618:'s campaign against Constantinople during the Rus'–Byzantine War in 907 (from the
4258:
3897:
3601:(in Russian and English). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Archived from
2061:
1957:
1922:
732:
724:
576:
508:, some of Nestor's original sources definitely included but were not limited to:
85:
3724:
3401:
3369:
Likhachev, D.S, Deming Brown, and et al. “Russian Culture in the Modern World.”
3032:
John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057: Translation and Notes
1865:
shined more light on various weaknesses in the text's composition. According to
1045:
began in this year, but Byzantine sources (such as 11th-century Greek historian
3809:
3568:
1907:
1711:
1707:
1671:
1503:
1462:
1320:
1141:
1046:
1022:
918:
888:
874:
756:
648:
473:
A third edition followed two years later, centered on Vladimir's son and heir,
248:
177:
122:
56:
4249:
4145:
3941:
3648:– A 2014 improved digitised version of the 2002/2003 Ostrowski et al. edition.
1615:
1230:: Prince Igor was murdered in the act of uprising by the Derevlians. His wife
1154:
by Rus' forces. According to Byzantine sources, this happened in 860, not 866.
283:
historical source has been strictly scrutinized by experts in the field. (See
4446:
4411:
4333:
4106:
3598:
The Povest' vremennykh let: An Interlinear Collation and Paradosis. 3 volumes
3402:
Povest’ vremennyh let: Germenevticheskie osnovy izuchenija letopisnyh tekstov
3039:
1946:
1885:
1837:
is unmatched in other sources, but important correctives are provided by the
1651:
1295:: pages 84–121, or 37 out of a total of 286 pages (12.9%) of the entire text.
892:
615:
588:
3632:"Rus' primary chronicle critical edition – Interlinear line-level collation"
3602:
2266:'Abbot Silivestr" of St. Michael's Abbey – I wrote this chronicle .'
1917:
Polish historian Wladyslaw Duczko (2004) concluded that the compiler of the
997:(1995) have concluded that the 9th- and 10th-century dates mentioned in the
2085:
2084:
English-language scholarly publications often only transcribe the title to
1595:
1231:
1085:; this is evidence that the compiler used it as one of the sources for the
910:
906:
899:
840:
833:
532:
3991:
3973:
3888:
3839:
Relato de los años pasados. Edición preparada por Inés García de la Puente
3544:(online edition) (in Russian), vol. 1, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1928
3034:. Translated by Wortley, John. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
2007:
professor Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor in 1953. By the early 21st century,
1416:
1329:: After Yaroslav's death, the kingdom was split into five princedoms with
611:
314:
Tradition long regarded the first compilation as the work of a monk named
4014:
3673:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. p. 325
3575:
3555:
3535:
3479:
3281:
Romey, Kristin M., and Ludmila Grinenko. “Legacies of a Slavic Pompeii.”
3193:
2116:, the title given by Samuel Hazzard Cross for his English translation of
1789:
1777:
1745:
1715:
1675:
1535:
1519:
1477:
traces the history of the Slavic people all the way back to the times of
1434:
1042:
4309:
4291:
4217:
4201:
4153:
4123:
4114:
4090:
4074:
4058:
3949:
3925:
3872:
3011:
1941:
in 2015 upheld the conclusion reached by his many predecessors that the
1395:, whose religious testament and prayers were appended at the end of the
4356:
3720:
Excerpts from "Tales of Times Gone By" [Povest' vremennykh let]
3171:
3169:
3144:
3142:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3083:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2656:
2654:
2652:
1965:. For example, “archeological evidence does not fit the legends of the
1834:
1785:
1695:
1679:
1571:
1362:
1354:
1330:
551:
300:
276:
4042:
4018:
3899:
Viking Rus: Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe
2984:. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1988, p. 88
2731:
2558:
3842:(in Spanish). Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos. p. 296.
3245:
3117:
3115:
2962:
2506:
1829:
Unlike many other medieval chronicles written by European monks, the
1579:
1543:
1539:
1338:
1284:
1203:: Prince Oleg launched an incursion against the Greeks, resulting in
1188:
1112:
914:
704:
1450; excluded by some scholars who count only "five main witnesses")
528:
494:
463:
4347:
4328:
3631:
3288:
3233:
3221:
3166:
3154:
3139:
3127:
3095:
2870:
2858:
2824:
2774:
2743:
2649:
2518:
4034:
3564:(in Russian), vol. 2, Imperial Archaeological Commission, 1908
3351:
2598:
2586:
2550:
2050:
1687:
1659:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1587:
1104:
852:
785:
3432:
Materialy Po Arheologii i Istorii Antičnogo i Srednevekovogo Kryma
3357:
Petrograd, Russia: Izdanie Arheograficheskoj Komissii, 1916, v. I.
3112:
1081:, when the land of Rus' was first named in the Greek chronicle of
1029:
was the first one to discover early on that the chronology of the
334:, and of the author as Nestor "the Chronicler". Based on the 1661
3749:(in Church Slavic and Russian). National Library of Russia. 2012.
1873:
and, in effect, "destroyed the narrative's logical progression."
1753:
1703:
1683:
1655:
1647:
1642:
1591:
1575:
1563:
1527:
1515:
1507:
1495:
1108:
1100:
848:
844:
452:
445:
396:
308:
4265:
Vasily Tatishchev's "History of Russia": Sources and Information
967:) is sometimes at odds with that of other documents such as the
268:("Tale of Bygone Years") comes from the opening sentence of the
2707:
2695:
2256:
Igumenʺ silivestrʺ stag mikhaila· napisakh knigy si lětopisecʹ·
1699:
1635:
1611:
1491:
1095:: 'The Varangians from beyond the sea imposed tribute upon the
777:
545:
4019:"On Interpreting the Russian Primary Chronicle: The Year 1037"
1990:
Hecтopъ. Russische Annalen in ihrer Slavonischen Grund–Sprache
1371:: Vsevolod held a victory over his four rivals and became the
1305:
inherited the title of the Prince of Kiev and became known as
451:
In the year 1116, Nestor's text was extensively edited by the
3687:
Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (2013) .
2848:
2846:
2254:
2248:Игуменъ силивестръ стаг михаила· написах книгы си лѣтописець·
1931:
1732:
According to the so-called "Korsun legend", presented in the
1663:
1631:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1583:
1559:
1555:
1531:
1499:
1270:
1255:
began and was complicated by quarrels with his two brothers,
1176:
1132:
1127:
400:
255:
in the 1110s. Tradition ascribed its compilation to the monk
210:
3664:
Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (1953).
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
1788:
Innokentii's diocesan administration (1848–57), when in the
1420:
The baptism of Prince Vladimir I in Korsun in 988 (from the
2683:
1511:
1486:
1478:
1096:
902:
in 912, the "cause" of which was allegedly foreseen by him;
859:
829:
771:. The language of this work is the East Slavic version of
408:
252:
4385:
The Beginnings of Russian History: An Enquiry into Sources
3181:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
2999:
2987:
2936:
2843:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2409:
2407:
1291:. The entire conversion story covers a large chunk of the
3811:
Nestorkroniek. De oudste geschiedenis van het Kievse Rijk
3630:
Ostrowski, Donald; Birnbaum, David J. (7 December 2014).
2882:
2755:
2719:
2627:
2625:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
828:
The supposed biblical origins of the Slavs from a son of
564:
oral tradition, but how much "is very difficult to tell".
3577:Новгородская первая летопись старшего и младшего изводов
3503:
3491:
2909:
2814:
2812:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2147:
3974:"Shakhmatov's Legacy and the Chronicles of Kievan Rus'"
3814:(in Dutch). Nijmegen: Uitgeverij Vantilt. p. 304.
3768:(in German). Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag. p. 366.
3056:
2926:
2924:
2899:
2897:
2666:
2419:
2404:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2192:
3686:
3663:
3528:
3485:
3455:
3294:
3251:
3239:
3227:
3175:
3160:
3148:
3133:
3121:
3106:
3089:
3017:
2968:
2876:
2864:
2837:
2749:
2737:
2660:
2637:
2622:
2610:
2604:
2592:
2524:
2512:
2450:
2438:
2331:
2329:
1449:, one of the most pivotal moments of the narrative is
839:
the early history of the Slavs, with the banks of the
458:
who appended his name at the end of the chronicle. As
3979:
Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History
3723:(Lecture Notes), University of Oregon, archived from
3408:
3350:
Konstantonovich, Konstantin, and Aleksey Shakhmatov.
3313:
A Meridian Book, Penguin Books, New York, 1963, p. 77
2809:
2786:
2365:
2363:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2218:" unless they are supported by another extant source.
2172:
1984:
produced a German translation with commentary of the
917:, who had murdered her husband; (Her actions secured
4069:(1–2). Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute: 10–28.
2921:
2894:
2387:
2341:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
1760:
in Korsun and his marriage to the Emperor's sister,
3835:
3582:
Novgorod First Chronicle Older and Younger Editions
3376:
3326:. Moskva: OLMA Media Group, 2012, v. I, Chapter II.
2982:
Mother Russia, The Feminine Myth in Russian Culture
2488:"Povist' vremennykh lit – The Tale of Bygone Years"
2326:
548:, traditional East Slavic oral epic narrative poems
489:The organization, style, and narrative flow of the
4212:(1). Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute: 11–31.
3584:] (in Russian), USSR Academy of Sciences, 1950
3467:
3405:. Monography - Moscow: Aspekt-Press, 2004, p. 133.
2375:
2360:
1740:, the Prince took possession of the Greek city of
440:(2004) argued that one of the central aims of the
4179:Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book
3652:
3629:
3365:
3363:
3199:
2780:
2289:
326:1114), known to have written other works such as
4444:
1843:. It is also valuable as a prime example of the
855:described as their place of original settlement;
3311:Medieval Russia’s epics, chronicles, and tales.
2118:The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text.
2001:The Russian Primary Chronicle. Laurentian Text.
3442:
3440:
3360:
2956:"Chronicles– Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine"
2536:
1752:, in an attempt to gain certain benefits from
1437:authorship. Aleksandr Koptev remarks that the
417:text ends on page 286, lines 1 to 7, with the
4234:"Was There a Riurikid Dynasty in Early Rus'?"
1309:for his violent actions towards his siblings.
1224:, he would still have been alive in the 940s.
824:features many anecdotal stories, among them:
500:and his followers have demonstrated that the
444:narrative is to 'give an explanation how the
290:
263:
46:
1077:(6360): The principal date mentioned in the
284:
3446:
3437:
2227:'In any case, the internal evidence of the
1801:The Saint Vladimir Cathedral in Chersonesos
1315:: Svyatopolk was overthrown by his brother
788:by the Russian historian Nikolai Karamzin.
226:
4412:https://doi.org/10.13128/Studi_Slavis-2143
1825:Textual criticism of the Primary Chronicle
1818:
1767:
739:in 1792 and subsequently presented to the
601:Textual criticism of the Primary Chronicle
478:
467:
4346:
4231:
4196:
4182:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3873:"The Title "Grand Prince" in Kievan Rus'"
3594:
3187:
3077:
3029:
3005:
2993:
2852:
2768:
2713:
2701:
2677:
2494:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies
2485:
2432:
2413:
2120:(1930). Alternatively, it has been named
607:Textual variants in the Primary Chronicle
4378:
4289:
4256:
3562:Полное собрание русских летописей (ПСРЛ)
3542:Полное собрание русских летописей (ПСРЛ)
2725:
2689:
2631:
2616:
1481:, whose three sons inherited the Earth:
1415:
631:which scholars study for the purpose of
610:
594:
299:
4286:(also published at Kritika, Kyiv, 2005)
4122:Maiorov, Alexander V. (November 2018).
4121:
3923:
3461:
2942:
2643:
2473:
2444:
14:
4445:
4175:
3971:
3895:
3870:
3760:
3414:
3341:. Moscow, Russia: Logos, 2007, p. 342.
2888:
2818:
2803:
2398:
2354:
2335:
73:Traditionally thought to have been be
4323:
3807:
3540:[The Laurentian Chronicle.],
3509:
3497:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3353:Povest’ Vremennikh Let. Introduction
3264:
3262:
3260:
2930:
2915:
2903:
2080:
2078:
1411:
1017:The historical period covered in the
1012:
391:A more likely candidate as author is
27:12th-century chronicle of Kievan Rus'
4088:
4056:
4023:The Slavic and East European Journal
4013:
3473:
3382:
2539:The Slavic and East European Journal
2381:
2369:
2320:
1111:imposed it upon the Polyanians, the
405:St. Michael's Monastery in Vydubychi
4063:Ukrainian Philology and Linguistics
3529:Critical editions of original texts
2088:without translating it, leading to
2018:than how Cross translated the PVL.
799:analysis of the narrative in 1908.
708:
330:. Writers of the time spoke of the
24:
4372:
3986:(3). Slavica Publishers: 637–648.
3836:García de la Puente, Inés (2019).
3523:
3486:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
3388:
3295:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
3257:
3252:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
3240:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
3228:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
3176:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
3161:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
3149:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
3134:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
3122:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
3107:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
3090:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
3018:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
2969:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
2877:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
2865:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
2838:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
2750:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
2738:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
2661:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
2605:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
2593:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
2525:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
2513:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953
2075:
1646:gained north-western territories:
1468:
25:
4494:
3373:34, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 70.
993:(1960), Ia. S. Lur’e (1970), and
905:the legendary vengeance taken by
750:
538:the Byzantine annals of the monk
462:was the patron of the village of
4304:(1). Harvard University: 31–59.
4238:Canadian-American Slavic Studies
2492:Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
1721:
933:Conversion of Vladimir the Great
328:Life of the Venerable Theodosius
55:
3871:Dimnik, Martin (January 2004).
3595:Ostrowski, Donald, ed. (2003).
3518:
3420:
3344:
3329:
3324:Istoriâ gosudarstva Rossijskogo
3316:
3300:
3275:
3218:56, no. 2 (December 2010): 212.
3205:
3023:
2974:
2948:
2569:
2530:
2479:
2269:
2237:
2221:
2210:(1686–1750) claimed that three
2200:
1976:
1930:sources, and most notably, the
1807:and was not restored until the
1554:inherited the southern region:
1289:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
1065:
727:monk Laurentius for the Prince
512:The chronological table in the
4473:Old Church Slavonic literature
3902:. Leiden: Brill. p. 290.
3791:Die altrussische Nestorchronik
3653:Translations of original texts
3620:five main manuscript witnesses
3322:Karamzin, Nikolaj Mihajlovič.
2127:
2103:
1490:inherited the eastern region:
1301:: Following Vladimir's death,
1055:Nikephoros I of Constantinople
959:The chronology offered by the
864:Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv and Lybid'
522:Nikephoros I of Constantinople
484:
285:§ Assessment and critique
13:
1:
4057:Lunt, Horace G. (June 1994).
3864:
3560:[Ipatiev Chronicle],
3451:. Cambridge Press. p. 4.
3371:Russian Social Science Review
3200:Ostrowski & Birnbaum 2014
2781:Ostrowski & Birnbaum 2014
2283:
1988:through 980 in five volumes (
1956:Paul Bushkovitch (2012) from
1283:: Vladimir was baptized into
1152:Siege of Constantinople (860)
954:
701:
689:
677:
665:
653:
571:Linguistically speaking, the
556:several Greek religious texts
363:
323:
319:
295:
163:
151:
139:
127:
95:
4417:Velychenko, Stephen (1992).
4292:"On "Nestor the Chronicler""
3626:("a proposed best reading").
2015:Galician–Volhynian Chronicle
1858:History of the Russian State
1845:Old East Slavonic literature
1385:reigned over the Kievan Rus.
1070:Chronology of major events:
768:Galician–Volhynian Chronicle
479:§ Surviving manuscripts
468:§ Surviving manuscripts
359:Galician–Volhynian Chronicle
7:
3924:Gippius, Alexey A. (2014).
3449:A Concise History of Russia
2255:
2193:
2173:
2148:
2025:
1187:: Prince Oleg conquers the
1177:
1160:(6390): Rurik's successor,
810:
432:
427:Kyiv Monastery of the Caves
340:Kyiv Monastery of the Caves
211:
10:
4499:
4468:Old East Slavic chronicles
4463:12th-century history books
4390:Cambridge University Press
4290:Tolochko, Oleksiy (2007).
4257:Tolochko, Oleksiy (2005).
4232:Ostrowski, Donald (2018).
3896:Duczko, Władysław (2004).
3447:Bushkovitch, Paul (2012).
1982:August Ludwig von Schlözer
1822:
1725:
1457:, which ignited extensive
1381:: After Vsevolod’s death,
1144:captured the town of Kiev.
946:'s rise to power, and the
871:Saints Cyril and Methodius
858:the legendary founding of
815:
741:National Library of Russia
604:
598:
291:Authorship and composition
110:5 main surviving codices:
4297:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
4250:10.1163/22102396-05201009
4206:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
4146:10.1163/18763316-04504002
4095:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
3942:10.1007/s11185-014-9137-y
2247:
2182:
2162:
2137:
2114:Russian Primary Chronicle
1992:. Göttingen, 1802–1809).
1169:
1123:calling of the Varangians
1033:opens with an error. The
882:calling of the Varangians
807:in the mid-11th century.
203:
189:Russian Primary Chronicle
172:
104:
91:
81:
69:
54:
41:
34:
4089:Lunt, Horace G. (1995).
3936:(3). Springer: 341–366.
3589:Novgorod First Chronicle
3576:
3556:
3536:
3272:, no. 4 (2004): 656-670.
3040:10.1017/CBO9780511779657
3030:Skylitzes, John (2010).
2068:
1840:Novgorod First Chronicle
1809:fall of the Soviet Union
1795:In the early 1860s, the
1772:For centuries after the
1441:belongs to the genre of
1216:Novgorod First Chronicle
970:Novgorod First Chronicle
942:after Vladimir's death,
940:Kievan succession crisis
773:Church Slavonic language
518:Chronographikon Syntomon
212:Pověstĭ vremęnĭnyxŭ lětŭ
204:Повѣсть времѧньныхъ лѣтъ
192:, commonly shortened to
77:, now considered unknown
3761:Müller, Ludolf (2001).
3537:Лаврентьевская летопись
2149:Apoviesć minulych časoŭ
2096:, and abbreviate it as
1819:Assessment and critique
1797:Eastern Orthodox Church
1768:Archaeological findings
1738:conversion of Volodimer
1728:Conversion of Volodimer
1405:St. Michael’s monastery
1307:Svyatopolk the Accursed
1281:conversion of Volodimer
1115:, and the Vyatichians'.
795:published a pioneering
560:Rus'–Byzantine treaties
262:The title of the work,
215:, commonly transcribed
4380:Chadwick, Nora Kershaw
4176:Martin, Janet (2007).
2716:, pp. xvii–xviii.
2704:, pp. 36, 38, 47.
2486:Zhukovsky, A. (2001).
2216:Tatishchev information
2174:Povest' vremennykh let
2138:Аповесць мінулых часоў
2122:Rus' Primary Chronicle
2090:Povest' vremennykh let
1986:Povest' vremennykh let
1799:began construction of
1426:
820:The early part of the
729:Dmitry Konstantinovich
721:Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal
624:
311:
265:Povest' vremennykh let
264:
218:Povest' vremennykh let
48:Povest' vremennykh let
47:
4140:(4). Brill: 319–340.
3992:10.1353/kri.2018.0033
3972:Isoaho, Mari (2018).
3889:10.1484/J.MS.2.306512
3789:Trautmann, Reinhold,
3616:interlinear collation
3285:55, no. 6 (2002): 21.
2163:Повесть временных лет
2094:Povest' vremennyx let
2056:Nestor the Chronicler
2005:Georgetown University
1951:Rus Primary Chronicle
1927:Rus Primary Chronicle
1894:Rus Primary Chronicle
1863:Rus Primary Chronicle
1823:Further information:
1455:Orthodox Christianity
1419:
1059:Constantine the Great
614:
595:Surviving manuscripts
520:written by patriarch
516:was derived from the
303:
4478:Christian literature
4325:Waugh, Daniel Clarke
3808:Thuis, Hans (2015).
3557:Ипатьевская летопись
3434:, no. 9 (2017): 543.
2194:Povist' mynulykh lit
2039:Freising manuscripts
1937:Ukrainian historian
1890:Tale of Bygone Years
1831:Tale of Bygone Years
1790:ruins of Chersonesos
1443:Christian literature
1373:Grand Prince of Kiev
1103:, the Ves', and the
1019:Tale of Bygone Years
995:Constantin Zuckerman
979:Byzantine literature
305:The Historian Nestor
237:Tale of Bygone Years
43:Tale of Bygone Years
3930:Russian Linguistics
3622:, as well as a new
3512:, pp. 281–282.
3335:Likhachov, Dmitry.
3307:Zenkovsky, Serge A.
3211:Koptev, Aleksandr.
2945:, pp. 342–343.
2918:, pp. 246–247.
2891:, pp. 202–203.
2692:, pp. 458–468.
2206:The often careless
2183:Повість минулих літ
1925:mentioned that the
1762:Anna Porphyrogenita
1758:church of St. Basil
1736:just preceding the
1423:Radziwiłł Chronicle
1391:: Rise to power of
926:Siege of Kiev (968)
737:Count Musin-Pushkin
661:Radziwiłł Chronicle
621:Radziwill Chronicle
581:Old Church Slavonic
332:Chronicle of Nestor
135:Radziwiłł Chronicle
63:Radziwiłł Chronicle
4126:Hypatian Chronicle
3638:(in Church Slavic)
3500:, p. 769–771.
3399:Danilevskiy, I.N.
3270:The Russian Review
3020:, pp. 24, 58.
2112:is shortened from
2033:Academic Chronicle
1967:Primary Chronicle”
1878:Aleksey Shakhmatov
1805:October Revolution
1451:Vladimir the Great
1427:
1412:Christian elements
1205:a favorable treaty
1027:Aleksey Shakhmatov
1013:Opening date error
991:Mikhail Tikhomirov
987:Aleksey Shakhmatov
843:in the regions of
793:Aleksey Shakhmatov
673:Academic Chronicle
625:
498:Aleksey Shakhmatov
475:Mstislav the Great
312:
147:Academic Chronicle
4453:Primary Chronicle
4198:Ostrowski, Donald
4189:978-0-511-36800-4
3877:Mediaeval Studies
3636:pvl.obdurodon.org
2728:, pp. 32–33.
2265:
2253:
2208:Vasily Tatishchev
2191:
2171:
2146:
2110:Primary Chronicle
2045:Ioachim Chronicle
2009:Primary Chronicle
1971:Primary Chronicle
1963:Primary Chronicle
1919:Primary Chronicle
1912:Yaroslav the Wise
1750:Crimean Peninsula
1475:Primary Chronicle
1453:'s conversion to
1431:Primary Chronicle
1393:Vladimir Monomakh
1317:Yaroslav the Wise
1293:Primary Chronicle
1175:
1137:Sineus and Truvor
1099:, the Slavs, the
1087:Primary Chronicle
1083:George Hamartolos
1079:Primary Chronicle
1031:Primary Chronicle
983:Primary Chronicle
961:Primary Chronicle
948:Battle of Listven
928:by the Pechenegs;
832:mentioned in the
805:Yaroslav the Wise
782:Ipatiev Monastery
765:and 13th-century
697:Trinity Chronicle
633:textual criticism
629:Primary Chronicle
585:Primary Chronicle
573:Primary Chronicle
540:George Hamartolus
514:Primary Chronicle
491:Primary Chronicle
460:Vladimir Monomakh
393:Sylvester of Kiev
385:internal evidence
348:Primary Chronicle
209:
195:Primary Chronicle
184:
183:
36:Primary Chronicle
16:(Redirected from
4490:
4408:Studi Slavistici
4403:
4368:
4350:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4253:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4193:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4118:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4010:
4008:
4006:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3892:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3825:
3795:Laurentian Codex
3786:
3784:
3782:
3750:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3702:
3695:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3672:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3585:
3565:
3549:Laurentian Codex
3545:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3444:
3435:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3397:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3367:
3358:
3348:
3342:
3333:
3327:
3320:
3314:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3279:
3273:
3266:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3190:, p. 42–43.
3185:
3179:
3173:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3110:
3104:
3093:
3092:, p. 58–59.
3087:
3081:
3075:
3054:
3053:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3008:, p. 44–45.
3003:
2997:
2996:, p. 40–43.
2991:
2985:
2980:Hubbs, Joanna.
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2855:, p. 43–44.
2850:
2841:
2835:
2822:
2816:
2807:
2801:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2740:, pp. 6–12.
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2664:
2658:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2417:
2411:
2402:
2396:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2358:
2352:
2339:
2333:
2324:
2318:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2260:
2258:
2252:romanized:
2251:
2249:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2225:
2219:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2157:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2131:
2125:
2107:
2101:
2082:
1939:Oleksiy Tolochko
1867:Dmitry Likhachov
1853:Nikolay Karamzin
1459:Christianization
1333:ruling in Kiev,
1180:
1178:kŭnyaza vŭ Kyeve
1174:romanized:
1173:
1171:
981:. Sometimes the
801:Dmitry Likhachev
762:Kievan Chronicle
745:Saint Petersburg
719:was compiled in
716:Laurentian Codex
709:Laurentian Codex
703:
691:
685:Khlebnikov Codex
679:
667:
655:
641:Laurentian Codex
438:Wladyslaw Duczko
407:(a village near
375:Khlebnikov Codex
369:Khlebnikov Codex
365:
353:Kievan Chronicle
346:, including the
325:
321:
267:
242:
239:
234:
231:
228:
214:
208:romanized:
207:
205:
165:
159:Khlebnikov Codex
153:
141:
129:
115:Laurentian Codex
107:
100:
97:
59:
50:
32:
31:
21:
18:Nestor chronicle
4498:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4400:
4375:
4373:Further reading
4348:10.2307/2494516
4314:
4312:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4222:
4220:
4190:
4166:
4164:
4133:Russian History
4079:
4077:
4047:
4045:
4017:(Summer 1988).
4015:Lunt, Horace G.
4004:
4002:
3962:
3960:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3867:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3822:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3765:Chlebnikovskaja
3745:
3730:
3728:
3717:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3655:
3641:
3639:
3608:
3606:
3578:
3574:
3558:
3554:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3526:
3524:Primary sources
3521:
3516:
3508:
3504:
3496:
3492:
3484:
3480:
3472:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3445:
3438:
3425:
3421:
3413:
3409:
3398:
3389:
3381:
3377:
3368:
3361:
3349:
3345:
3334:
3330:
3321:
3317:
3305:
3301:
3293:
3289:
3280:
3276:
3267:
3258:
3250:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3226:
3222:
3210:
3206:
3202:, 0.1–286, 7pp.
3198:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3167:
3159:
3155:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3120:
3113:
3105:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3076:
3057:
3050:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2979:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2902:
2895:
2887:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2825:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2771:, p. xvii.
2767:
2756:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2667:
2659:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2535:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2515:, pp. 3–4.
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2420:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2368:
2361:
2353:
2342:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2270:
2244:Church Slavonic
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2205:
2201:
2153:
2132:
2128:
2108:
2104:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2062:Russkaya Pravda
2028:
1979:
1958:Yale University
1923:Igor Danilevsky
1882:Princes of Kiev
1827:
1821:
1770:
1730:
1724:
1471:
1469:Biblical origin
1414:
1403:, working from
1251:: The reign of
1170:къняжа въ Киеве
1166:Church Slavonic
1068:
1015:
1007:George the Monk
957:
895:conquered Kiev;
818:
813:
753:
733:Mikhail of Tver
711:
609:
603:
597:
577:Old East Slavic
487:
435:
421:"I wrote down (
344:Rus' chronicles
298:
293:
240:
235:
232:
229:
200:Church Slavonic
105:
98:
86:Church Slavonic
65:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4496:
4486:
4485:
4483:Slavic history
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4438:
4437:
4430:
4415:
4410:3 (1): 19-30.
4404:
4398:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4341:(4): 769–771.
4321:
4287:
4273:
4254:
4229:
4200:(March 1981).
4194:
4188:
4173:
4119:
4086:
4054:
4035:10.2307/308891
4029:(2): 251–264.
4011:
3969:
3921:
3908:
3893:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3849:978-8422020721
3848:
3832:
3831:
3830:Modern Spanish
3827:
3826:
3820:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3787:
3774:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3742:
3741:
3740:Modern Russian
3737:
3736:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3703:on 30 May 2014
3660:
3659:
3658:Modern English
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3627:
3618:including the
3592:
3572:
3569:Hypatian Codex
3552:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3502:
3490:
3478:
3466:
3464:, p. 322.
3454:
3436:
3426:Romensky A.A.
3419:
3417:, p. 643.
3407:
3387:
3385:, p. 261.
3375:
3359:
3343:
3328:
3315:
3299:
3287:
3274:
3256:
3254:, p. 112.
3244:
3232:
3220:
3216:Scando-Slavica
3204:
3192:
3188:Ostrowski 2018
3180:
3165:
3153:
3138:
3126:
3111:
3094:
3082:
3078:Ostrowski 2018
3055:
3048:
3022:
3010:
3006:Ostrowski 2018
2998:
2994:Ostrowski 2018
2986:
2973:
2971:, p. 116.
2961:
2947:
2935:
2933:, p. 247.
2920:
2908:
2906:, p. 246.
2893:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2853:Ostrowski 2018
2842:
2823:
2821:, p. 642.
2808:
2806:, p. 202.
2785:
2773:
2769:Ostrowski 2003
2754:
2742:
2730:
2718:
2714:Ostrowski 2003
2706:
2702:Ostrowski 2018
2694:
2682:
2678:Ostrowski 1981
2665:
2648:
2646:, p. 339.
2636:
2621:
2609:
2597:
2585:
2568:
2551:10.2307/308891
2529:
2517:
2505:
2478:
2476:, p. 342.
2449:
2447:, p. 341.
2437:
2433:Ostrowski 2018
2418:
2414:Ostrowski 1981
2403:
2401:, p. 255.
2386:
2384:, p. 335.
2374:
2372:, p. 251.
2359:
2357:, p. 637.
2340:
2325:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2236:
2220:
2199:
2126:
2102:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2027:
2024:
1978:
1975:
1908:Horace G. Lunt
1884:had their own
1820:
1817:
1769:
1766:
1726:Main article:
1723:
1720:
1712:Tower of Babel
1692:
1691:
1639:
1547:
1470:
1467:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1324:
1310:
1296:
1274:
1264:
1246:
1240:
1225:
1221:Genizah Letter
1209:
1198:
1192:
1182:
1155:
1145:
1142:Askold and Dir
1116:
1090:
1067:
1064:
1047:John Skylitzes
1023:biblical times
1014:
1011:
956:
953:
952:
951:
936:
931:the legendary
929:
922:
909:, the wife of
903:
896:
889:Askold and Dir
887:the murder of
885:
878:
875:Slavic peoples
869:the labors of
867:
856:
837:
817:
814:
812:
809:
757:Hypatian Codex
752:
751:Hypatian Codex
749:
710:
707:
706:
705:
693:
681:
669:
657:
649:Hypatian Codex
645:
599:Main article:
596:
593:
579:, with strong
575:is written in
566:
565:
562:
557:
554:
549:
543:
536:
525:
486:
483:
434:
431:
297:
294:
292:
289:
182:
181:
178:biblical times
174:
173:Period covered
170:
169:
168:
167:
155:
143:
131:
123:Hypatian Codex
119:
108:
102:
101:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
71:
67:
66:
60:
52:
51:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4495:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4441:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4427:0-920862-75-6
4424:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4399:0-404-14651-1
4395:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4334:Slavic Review
4330:
4326:
4322:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4276:
4274:9795867933462
4270:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4174:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4127:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3911:
3909:9789004138742
3905:
3901:
3900:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3851:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3821:9789460042287
3817:
3813:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3777:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3759:
3758:
3755:Modern German
3754:
3753:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3727:on 2008-12-07
3726:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3699:
3692:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3669:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3605:on 2005-03-09
3604:
3600:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3511:
3506:
3499:
3494:
3487:
3482:
3476:, p. 10.
3475:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3450:
3443:
3441:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3416:
3411:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3384:
3379:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3356:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3319:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3297:, p. 23.
3296:
3291:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3253:
3248:
3242:, p. 52.
3241:
3236:
3230:, p. 65.
3229:
3224:
3217:
3214:
3208:
3201:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3178:, p. 61.
3177:
3172:
3170:
3163:, p. 32.
3162:
3157:
3151:, p. 60.
3150:
3145:
3143:
3136:, p. 24.
3135:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3109:, p. 59.
3108:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3091:
3086:
3080:, p. 44.
3079:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3051:
3049:9780511779657
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3007:
3002:
2995:
2990:
2983:
2977:
2970:
2965:
2957:
2951:
2944:
2939:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2917:
2912:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2885:
2879:, p. 43.
2878:
2873:
2867:, p. 18.
2866:
2861:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2840:, p. 30.
2839:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2782:
2777:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2752:, p. 12.
2751:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2727:
2726:Tolochko 2007
2722:
2715:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2691:
2690:Tolochko 2005
2686:
2680:, p. 28.
2679:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2663:, p. 17.
2662:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2634:, p. 47.
2633:
2632:Tolochko 2007
2628:
2626:
2619:, p. 31.
2618:
2617:Tolochko 2007
2613:
2606:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2527:, p. 51.
2526:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2446:
2441:
2435:, p. 32.
2434:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2416:, p. 11.
2415:
2410:
2408:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2338:, p. 97.
2337:
2332:
2330:
2323:, p. 10.
2322:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2272:
2263:
2257:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2224:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2195:
2189:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2135:
2130:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1886:propagandists
1883:
1879:
1876:According to
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:Emperor Basil
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1722:Korsun legend
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
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1640:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
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1613:
1609:
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1601:
1597:
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1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
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1489:
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1484:
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1476:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1322:
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1311:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:
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1290:
1286:
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1278:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:Short History
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
971:
966:
962:
949:
945:
941:
937:
934:
930:
927:
923:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
901:
898:the death of
897:
894:
893:Oleg the Wise
890:
886:
883:
879:
876:
872:
868:
865:
861:
857:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
835:
831:
827:
826:
825:
823:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
774:
770:
769:
764:
763:
758:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
725:Nizhegorodian
722:
718:
717:
699:
698:
694:
687:
686:
682:
675:
674:
670:
663:
662:
658:
651:
650:
646:
643:
642:
638:
637:
636:
634:
630:
623:
622:
617:
616:Oleg the Wise
613:
608:
602:
592:
590:
589:lingua franca
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
563:
561:
558:
555:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
537:
534:
530:
526:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:
509:
507:
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439:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
386:
381:
380:interpolation
377:
376:
371:
370:
361:
360:
355:
354:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
317:
310:
306:
302:
288:
286:
280:
278:
274:
272:
266:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
238:
224:
220:
219:
213:
201:
197:
196:
191:
190:
179:
175:
171:
161:
160:
156:
149:
148:
144:
137:
136:
132:
125:
124:
120:
117:
116:
112:
111:
109:
106:Manuscript(s)
103:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
58:
53:
49:
44:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
4439:
4433:
4421:. Edmonton.
4418:
4407:
4384:
4338:
4332:
4327:(Dec 1974).
4315:30 September
4313:. Retrieved
4301:
4295:
4278:. Retrieved
4264:
4259:
4244:(1): 30–49.
4241:
4237:
4221:. Retrieved
4209:
4205:
4178:
4165:. Retrieved
4137:
4131:
4125:
4098:
4094:
4078:. Retrieved
4066:
4062:
4046:. Retrieved
4026:
4022:
4005:25 September
4003:. Retrieved
3983:
3977:
3961:. Retrieved
3933:
3929:
3913:. Retrieved
3898:
3880:
3876:
3853:. Retrieved
3838:
3810:
3802:Modern Dutch
3794:
3790:
3779:. Retrieved
3763:
3729:, retrieved
3725:the original
3719:
3705:. Retrieved
3698:the original
3689:
3675:. Retrieved
3666:
3640:. Retrieved
3635:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3607:. Retrieved
3603:the original
3597:
3587:
3581:
3567:
3566:, from the
3561:
3547:
3541:
3519:Bibliography
3505:
3493:
3481:
3469:
3462:Maiorov 2018
3457:
3448:
3431:
3422:
3410:
3400:
3378:
3370:
3352:
3346:
3336:
3331:
3323:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3290:
3282:
3277:
3269:
3247:
3235:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3195:
3183:
3156:
3129:
3085:
3031:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2981:
2976:
2964:
2950:
2943:Gippius 2014
2938:
2911:
2884:
2872:
2860:
2776:
2745:
2733:
2721:
2709:
2697:
2685:
2644:Maiorov 2018
2639:
2612:
2607:, p. 3.
2600:
2595:, p. 6.
2588:
2571:
2562:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2520:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2491:
2481:
2474:Gippius 2014
2445:Gippius 2014
2440:
2377:
2271:
2239:
2228:
2223:
2211:
2202:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2086:Latin script
2060:
2043:
2031:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2000:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1977:Translations
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1936:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1856:
1849:
1838:
1830:
1828:
1812:
1794:
1781:
1778:antiquarians
1773:
1771:
1733:
1731:
1693:
1641:
1549:
1485:
1474:
1472:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1428:
1421:
1396:
1388:
1378:
1368:
1326:
1312:
1298:
1292:
1276:
1266:
1248:
1242:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1200:
1194:
1184:
1157:
1150:(6374): The
1147:
1126:
1118:
1092:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1066:Major events
1050:
1038:
1037:text of the
1034:
1030:
1021:begins with
1018:
1016:
1002:
998:
982:
974:
968:
964:
960:
958:
841:river Danube
834:Hebrew Bible
821:
819:
797:textological
790:
766:
760:
754:
714:
712:
695:
683:
671:
659:
647:
639:
628:
626:
619:
584:
572:
570:
567:
533:John Malalas
517:
513:
505:
501:
490:
488:
472:
450:
441:
436:
422:
412:
390:
373:
367:
357:
351:
347:
335:
331:
327:
313:
304:
281:
270:
261:
236:
222:
217:
216:
194:
193:
188:
187:
185:
157:
145:
133:
121:
113:
42:
35:
29:
4458:1110s books
4101:: 335–357.
3915:19 February
3883:: 253–312.
3586:, from the
3546:, from the
3415:Isoaho 2018
3283:Archaeology
2889:Duczko 2004
2819:Isoaho 2018
2804:Duczko 2004
2399:Dimnik 2004
2355:Isoaho 2018
2336:Martin 2007
1943:Chronicle’s
1871:post factum
1774:Chronicle’s
1746:Chersonesus
1716:Slavic race
1676:Paphlagonia
1572:Maurentania
1520:Mesopotamia
1463:Kievan Rus'
1321:Kievan Rus'
1105:Krivichians
1043:Michael III
919:Kievan Rus'
891:, by which
552:Norse sagas
495:philologist
485:Composition
442:Chronicle's
249:Kievan Rus'
99: 1113
61:Sheet from
4447:Categories
4434:Ab Imperio
3865:Literature
3775:377053428X
3731:2007-10-10
3707:26 January
3677:26 January
3609:2002-03-23
3510:Thuis 2015
3498:Waugh 1974
3488:, Preface.
2931:Thuis 2015
2916:Thuis 2015
2904:Thuis 2015
2783:, 286.1–2.
2577:"Mol, Leo"
2545:(2): 251.
2284:References
2134:Belarusian
1786:Archbishop
1696:Varangians
1680:Cappadocia
1536:Coelesyria
1383:Svyatopolk
1363:Tmutarakan
1355:Pereiaslav
1335:Svyatoslav
1303:Svyatopolk
1237:Svyatoslav
1189:Derevlians
1107:. But the
1035:Laurentian
955:Chronology
873:among the
605:See also:
531:annals of
524:(died 829)
414:Laurentian
296:Authorship
277:East Slavs
271:Laurentian
180:to 1117 CE
4365:163559666
4162:191820897
4107:0363-5570
4000:159688925
3958:255017212
3624:paradosis
3474:Lunt 1988
3383:Lunt 1988
2564:English."
2498:11 August
2382:Lunt 1995
2370:Lunt 1988
2321:Lunt 1994
2212:Chronicle
2188:romanized
2179:Ukrainian
2168:romanized
2155:‹See Tfd›
2143:romanized
1995:In 1930,
1906:linguist
1898:Chronicle
1813:Chronicle
1782:Chronicle
1748:) in the
1734:Chronicle
1668:Macedonia
1580:Pamphylia
1544:Phoenicia
1540:Commagene
1447:Chronicle
1439:Chronicle
1401:Sylvester
1397:Chronicle
1359:Rostislav
1347:Volodymyr
1339:Chernigov
1285:Orthodoxy
1113:Severians
1039:Chronicle
1003:Chronicle
915:Drevlians
913:, on the
529:Byzantine
506:Chronicle
464:Vydubychi
456:Sylvester
403:) of the
245:chronicle
70:Author(s)
4382:(1946).
4329:"Review"
4310:41304501
4218:41035890
4154:27072372
4115:41037009
4075:41036551
3950:43945126
3781:24 March
2276:branch".
2051:Izbornyk
2026:See also
1688:Thessaly
1660:Dalmatia
1628:Sardinia
1624:Bithynia
1588:Lycaonia
1568:Massyris
1435:monastic
1407:in 1116.
1399:by monk
1351:Vsevolod
1331:Izyaslav
1261:Vladimir
1253:Yaropolk
1208:sources.
989:(1897),
944:Yaroslav
853:Bulgaria
811:Contents
786:Kostroma
446:Rurikids
433:Editions
423:napisakh
419:colophon
356:and the
243:), is a
82:Language
4357:2494516
2264:
2190::
2170::
2159:Russian
2145::
1997:Harvard
1947:Rurikid
1904:Harvard
1855:in his
1704:Normans
1684:Scythia
1656:Illyria
1652:Britain
1648:Armenia
1643:Japheth
1596:Camalia
1592:Phrygia
1576:Cilicia
1564:Numidia
1528:Elymais
1516:Assyria
1512:Cordyna
1508:Babylon
1496:Bactria
1277:986–988
1267:978–980
1228:Ca. 945
1195:884–885
1109:Khazars
1101:Merians
849:Illyria
845:Hungary
816:Stories
723:by the
453:hegumen
397:hegumen
338:of the
336:Paterik
322:1056 –
309:Leo Mol
230:
4425:
4396:
4363:
4355:
4308:
4280:17 May
4271:
4216:
4186:
4167:19 May
4160:
4152:
4113:
4105:
4073:
4043:308891
4041:
3998:
3963:17 May
3956:
3948:
3906:
3855:11 May
3846:
3818:
3772:
3642:17 May
3046:
2559:308891
2557:
2229:Povest
1742:Korsun
1714:, the
1706:, the
1702:, the
1700:Swedes
1698:, the
1686:, and
1636:Cyprus
1620:Aeolia
1612:Moesia
1524:Arabia
1492:Persia
1357:, and
1279:: The
1121:: The
977:) and
851:, and
778:Halych
644:(1377)
546:byliny
350:, the
316:Nestor
257:Nestor
118:(1377)
75:Nestor
4361:S2CID
4353:JSTOR
4306:JSTOR
4263:[
4223:6 May
4214:JSTOR
4158:S2CID
4150:JSTOR
4111:JSTOR
4080:5 May
4071:JSTOR
4048:6 May
4039:JSTOR
3996:S2CID
3954:S2CID
3946:JSTOR
3701:(PDF)
3694:(PDF)
3671:(PDF)
3580:[
2580:(PDF)
2555:JSTOR
2231:'
2092:, or
2069:Notes
1932:Bible
1672:Media
1664:Ionia
1632:Crete
1616:Troas
1608:Lydia
1604:Caria
1600:Lycia
1584:Mysia
1560:Libya
1556:Egypt
1532:India
1504:Media
1500:Syria
1271:Perun
1158:881/2
1133:Rurik
1128:knyaz
1097:Chuds
692:1575)
680:1500)
668:1500)
656:1425)
635:are:
401:abbot
176:From
166:1575)
154:1500)
142:1500)
130:1425)
4436:(1).
4423:ISBN
4394:ISBN
4317:2022
4282:2023
4269:ISBN
4225:2023
4184:ISBN
4169:2023
4103:ISSN
4082:2023
4050:2023
4007:2022
3965:2023
3917:2023
3904:ISBN
3857:2024
3844:ISBN
3816:ISBN
3783:2024
3770:ISBN
3709:2023
3679:2023
3644:2023
3044:ISBN
2500:2019
2262:lit.
1835:Rus'
1694:The
1487:Shem
1479:Noah
1473:The
1429:The
1389:1113
1379:1093
1369:1076
1343:Igor
1327:1054
1313:1019
1299:1015
1259:and
1257:Oleg
1232:Olga
1162:Oleg
938:the
924:the
911:Igor
907:Olga
900:Oleg
880:the
860:Kiev
830:Noah
755:The
713:The
527:the
409:Kyiv
273:text
253:Kiev
227:lit.
186:The
92:Date
4343:doi
4246:doi
4142:doi
4031:doi
3988:doi
3938:doi
3885:doi
3036:doi
2547:doi
2098:PVL
1708:Rus
1551:Ham
1461:of
1361:in
1353:in
1345:in
1337:in
1249:973
1243:972
1212:912
1201:907
1185:883
1148:866
1119:862
1093:859
1075:852
1053:of
1005:of
999:PVL
975:NPL
965:PVL
862:by
822:PVL
784:of
743:in
502:PVL
481:).
470:).
307:by
287:.)
247:of
225:),
223:PVL
4449::
4392:.
4388:.
4359:.
4351:.
4339:33
4337:.
4331:.
4302:29
4300:.
4294:.
4242:52
4240:.
4236:.
4208:.
4204:.
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4099:19
4097:.
4093:.
4067:18
4065:.
4061:.
4037:.
4027:32
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4021:.
3994:.
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3982:.
3976:.
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3944:.
3934:38
3932:.
3928:.
3881:66
3879:.
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3634:.
3439:^
3390:^
3362:^
3309::
3259:^
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3141:^
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3058:^
3042:.
2923:^
2896:^
2845:^
2826:^
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2624:^
2561:.
2553:.
2543:32
2541:.
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2077:^
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1009:.
847:,
747:.
702:c.
690:c.
678:c.
666:c.
654:c.
395:,
364:c.
324:c.
320:c.
279:.
206:,
202::
164:c.
152:c.
140:c.
128:c.
96:c.
4429:.
4414:.
4402:.
4367:.
4345::
4319:.
4284:.
4252:.
4248::
4227:.
4210:5
4192:.
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4117:.
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4052:.
4033::
4009:.
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3967:.
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3919:.
3891:.
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3859:.
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3735:.
3711:.
3681:.
3646:.
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2958:.
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2100:.
1744:(
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241:'
233:'
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198:(
162:(
150:(
138:(
126:(
20:)
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