New Horizons - Knowledge

2420:-correction maneuver (TCM), which was divided into two parts (TCM-1A and TCM-1B). The total velocity change of these two corrections was about 18 meters per second (65 km/h; 40 mph). TCM-1 was accurate enough to permit the cancellation of TCM-2, the second of three originally scheduled corrections. On March 9, 2006, controllers performed TCM-3, the last of three scheduled course corrections. The engines burned for 76 seconds, adjusting the spacecraft's velocity by about 1.16 m/s (4.2 km/h; 2.6 mph). Further trajectory maneuvers were not needed until September 25, 2007 (seven months after the Jupiter flyby), when the engines were fired for 15 minutes and 37 seconds, changing the spacecraft's velocity by 2.37 m/s (8.5 km/h; 5.3 mph), followed by another TCM, almost three years later on June 30, 2010, that lasted 35.6 seconds, when 20726: 1012: 20732: 1167: 3120: 2999: 15417: 3506:. Because of Pluto's tilt, a portion of the northern hemisphere would be in shadow at all times. During the flyby, engineers expected LORRI to be able to obtain select images with resolution as high as 50 m per pixel (160 ft/px) if closest distance were around 12,500 km (7,800 mi), and MVIC was expected to obtain four-color global dayside maps at 1.6 km (1 mi) resolution. LORRI and MVIC attempted to overlap their respective coverage areas to form stereo pairs. LEISA obtained hyperspectral near-infrared maps at 7 km/px (4.3 mi/px) globally and 0.6 km/px (0.37 mi/px) for selected areas. 21532: 4561: 12812: 4157: 4704: 3510: 2684: 2768: 14459: 2470: 4611: 15405: 4830: 21538: 16571: 4303: 101: 4870: 4172: 4187: 1542: 1618:. The original RTG design called for 10.9 kg (24 lb) of plutonium, but a unit less powerful than the original design goal was produced because of delays at the United States Department of Energy, including security activities, that delayed plutonium production. The mission parameters and observation sequence had to be modified for the reduced wattage; still, not all instruments can operate simultaneously. The Department of Energy transferred the space battery program from Ohio to Argonne in 2002 because of security concerns. 13776: 13257: 12818: 3582: 2296: 20720: 16153: 12806: 3440: 22330: 4395: 3456: 4284: 38: 12193: 15070: 14849: 21544: 15399: 4850: 3672: 3111:

performed as designed: it switched from the primary computer to the backup computer, entered safe mode, and sent a distress call back to Earth. The distress call was received the afternoon of July 4 and alerted engineers that they needed to contact the spacecraft to get more information and resolve the issue. The resolution was that the problem happened as part of preparations for the approach, and was not expected to happen again because no similar tasks were planned for the remainder of the encounter.

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an accident. The United States Department of Energy estimated the chances of a launch accident that would release radiation into the atmosphere at 1 in 350, and monitored the launch because of the inclusion of an RTG on board. It was estimated that a worst-case scenario of total dispersal of on-board plutonium would spread the equivalent radiation of 80% the average annual dosage in North America from background radiation over an area with a radius of 105 km (65 mi).

546: 2287: 14099: 22837: 22336: 22041: 21217: 842: 23053: 3638: 1249: 3008: 22963: 22200: 21360: 20560: 17011: 12498: 3624: 2113: 2450: 1687: 1846: 23065: 3893: 2183: 1920: 3330: 1266: 2844:, mission planners started contemplating the possibility of the probe running into unseen debris and dust left over from ancient collisions between the moons. A study based on 18 months of computer simulations, Earth-based telescope observations and occultations of the Pluto system revealed that the possibility of a catastrophic collision with debris or dust was less than 0.3% on the probe's scheduled course. If the hazard increased, 4886: 23017: 1324: 3610: 1653:. Multiple redundant clocks and timing routines are implemented in hardware and software to help prevent faults and downtime. To conserve heat and mass, spacecraft and instrument electronics are housed together in IEMs (integrated electronics modules). There are two redundant IEMs. Including other functions such as instrument and radio electronics, each IEM contains 9 boards. The software of the probe runs on 23041: 17022: 2718: 20572: 4250: 3653: 2749: 23005: 15411: 3596: 3066:

processed to remove the background starfield. The other two, even smaller moons—Kerberos and Styx—were seen on photos taken on April 25. Starting on May 11, a hazard search was performed, looking for unknown objects that could be a danger to the spacecraft, such as rings or hitherto undiscovered moons, which could then possibly be avoided by a course change. No rings or additional moons were found.

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49.8 × 33.2 × 31.1 km (30.9 × 20.6 × 19.3 mi); Hydra at 50.9 × 36.1 × 30.9 km (31.6 × 22.4 × 19.2 mi); Kerberos at 19 × 10 × 9 km (11.8 × 6.2 × 5.6 mi); and Styx at 16 × 9 × 8 km (9.9 × 5.6 × 5.0 mi).

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the expanded data gathering in this phase of the mission would not limit available energy, memory and fuel in the future and that all systems were functioning during the flyby. The first set of data was transmitted in January 2013 during a three-week activation from hibernation. The command and data handling software was updated to address the problem of computer resets.

4950: 4925: 4289: 4288: 4285: 4887: 4290: 3474: 3473: 3470: 4889: 3529:). During and after closest approach, SWAP and PEPSSI sampled the high atmosphere and its effects on the solar wind. VBSDC searched for dust, inferring meteoroid collision rates and any invisible rings. REX performed active and passive radio science. The communications dish on Earth measured the disappearance and reappearance of the 3475: 4287: 4890: 3472: 2733: 5156:.) Relative to the Earth, this is just 12.3 km/s. But the kinetic energy when near the surface of the Earth must include the energy to exit the gravity well of the Earth, which requires a speed of about 11 km/s. The total speed needed is the square root of the sum of the squares of these two speeds. 3150:. Mission managers estimated a one in 10,000 chance that debris could have destroyed the probe or its communication-systems during the flyby, preventing it from sending data to Earth. The first details of the encounter were received the next day, but the download of the complete data set through the 2 3911:

All objects had estimated diameters in the 30–55 km (19–34 mi) range and were too small to be seen by ground telescopes. The targets were at distances from the Sun ranging from 43 to 44 AU, which would put the encounters in the 2018–2019 period. The initial estimated probabilities that

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had a relative velocity of 13.78 km/s (49,600 km/h; 30,800 mph) at its closest approach, and came as close as 28,800 km (17,900 mi) to Charon. Starting 3.2 days before the closest approach, long-range imaging included the mapping of Pluto and Charon to 40 km (25 mi)

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and spinup/spindown maneuvers. Two star cameras are used to measure the spacecraft attitude. They are mounted on the face of the spacecraft and provide attitude information while in spin-stabilized or 3-axis mode. In between the time of star camera readings, spacecraft orientation is provided by dual

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The Core phase began a week before the encounter and continued for two days after the encounter. The spacecraft flew by the object at a speed of 51,500 km/h (32,000 mph; 14.3 km/s) and within 3,500 km (2,200 mi). The majority of the science data was collected within 48 hours

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Mission planners searched for one or more additional Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) of the order of 50–100 km (30–60 mi) in diameter as targets for flybys similar to the spacecraft's Plutonian encounter. However, despite the large population of KBOs, many factors limited the number of possible

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could have used one of two possible contingency plans, the so-called SHBOTs (Safe Haven by Other Trajectories). Either the probe could have continued on its present trajectory with the antenna facing the incoming particles so the more vital systems would be protected, or it could have positioned its

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of gain and a half-power beam width of about a degree. The prime-focus medium-gain antenna, with a 0.3-meter (1 ft) aperture and 10° half-power beam width, is mounted to the forward-facing side of the high-gain antenna's secondary reflector. The forward low-gain antenna is stacked atop the feed

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amplifiers (TWTAs) mounted on the body under the dish. The receivers are low-power designs. The system can be controlled to power both TWTAs at the same time, and transmit a dual-polarized downlink signal to the DSN that nearly doubles the downlink rate. DSN tests early in the mission with this dual

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The amount of radioactive plutonium in the RTG is about one-third the amount on board the Cassini–Huygens probe when it launched in 1997. The Cassini launch had been protested by multiple organizations, due to the risk of such a large amount of plutonium being released into the atmosphere in case of

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is the first mission in NASA's New Frontiers mission category, larger and more expensive than the Discovery missions but smaller than the missions of the Flagship Program. The cost of the mission, including spacecraft and instrument development, launch vehicle, mission operations, data analysis, and

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Lauer, Tod R.; Postman, Marc; Weaver, Harold A..; Spencer, John R.; Stern, S. Alan; Buie, Marc W.; Durda, Daniel D.; Lisse, Carey M.; Poppe, A.R.; Binzel, Richard P.; Britt, Daniel T.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Cheng, Andrew F.; Grundy, W.M.; Horanyi, Mihaly; Kavelaars, J.J.; Linscott, Ivan R.; McKinnon,

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with the LORRI instrument from 280 million km away (170 million mi; 1.9 AU). This KBO was again imaged by the LORRI instrument on April 7–8, 2016, from a distance of 111 million km (69 million mi; 0.74 AU). The new images allowed the science team to

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The timing flaw consisted of performing two tasks simultaneously—compressing previously acquired data to release space for more data, and making a second copy of the approach command sequence—that together overloaded the spacecraft's primary computer. After the overload was detected, the spacecraft

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experienced a software anomaly and went into safe mode, preventing the spacecraft from performing scientific observations until engineers could resolve the problem. On July 5, NASA announced that the problem was determined to be a timing flaw in a command sequence used to prepare the spacecraft for

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for other missions. During hibernation mode, the onboard computer monitored the probe's systems and transmitted a signal back to Earth; a "green" code if everything was functioning as expected or a "red" code if mission control's assistance was needed. The probe was activated for about two months a

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On July 4, 2015, there was a CPU safing event triggered by an over-assignment of commanded science operations on the craft's approach to Pluto. Fortunately, the craft was able to recover within two days without major impacts on its mission. NASA scientists therefore reduced the number of scientific

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started gathering scientific data with SWAP, PEPSSI and VBSDC. Although it was originally planned to activate just the VBSDC, other instruments were powered on in order to collect valuable heliospheric data. Before activating the other two instruments, ground tests were conducted to make sure that

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cameras. The Jupiter encounter also served as a shakedown and dress rehearsal for the Pluto encounter. Because Jupiter is much closer to Earth than Pluto, the communications link can transmit multiple loadings of the memory buffer; thus the mission returned more data from the Jovian system than it

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plasma and high-energy particle spectrometer suite (PAM), the other being SWAP. Unlike SWAP, which measures particles of up to 6.5 keV, PEPSSI goes up to 1 MeV. The PEPSSI sensor has been designed to measure the mass, energy and distribution of charged particles around Pluto, and is also

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The goal of the mission is to understand the formation of the Plutonian system, the Kuiper belt, and the transformation of the early Solar System. The spacecraft collected data on the atmospheres, surfaces, interiors, and environments of Pluto and its moons. It will also study other objects in the

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has been called "the fastest spacecraft ever launched" because it left Earth at 16.26 kilometers per second (58,536 km/h; 36,373 mph). It is also the first spacecraft launched directly into a solar escape trajectory, which requires an approximate speed while near Earth of 16.5 km/s

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carries seven instruments: three optical instruments, two plasma instruments, a dust sensor and a radio science receiver/radiometer. The instruments are to be used to investigate the global geology, surface composition, surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric temperature and escape

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LORRI snapped 12 images of Charon revolving around Pluto, covering almost one full rotation at distances ranging from about 429 to 422 million km (267 to 262 million mi). In August 2014, astronomers made high-precision measurements of Pluto's location and orbit around the Sun

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diaphragm assisting expulsion. The spacecraft's on-orbit mass including fuel is over 470 kg (1,040 lb) on the Jupiter flyby trajectory, but would have been only 445 kg (981 lb) for the backup direct flight option to Pluto. Significantly, had the backup option been taken, this

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carried out the first in a series of four initial targeting maneuvers designed to send it towards Arrokoth. The maneuver, which started at approximately 19:50 UTC and used two of the spacecraft's small hydrazine-fueled thrusters, lasted approximately 16 minutes and changed the spacecraft's

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spacecraft. The measured data is expected to greatly contribute to the understanding of the dust spectra of the Solar System. The dust spectra can then be compared with those from observations of other stars, giving new clues as to where Earth-like planets can be found in the universe. The dust

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to boost stiffness, reduce weight and prevent warping at low temperatures. The optical elements sit in a composite light shield and mount with titanium and fiberglass for thermal isolation. Overall mass is 8.6 kg (19 lb), with the optical tube assembly (OTA) weighing about 5.6 kg

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remaining, the object to be visited needed to be within a cone of less than a degree's width extending from Pluto. The target also needed to be within 55 AU, because beyond 55 AU, the communications link becomes too weak, and the RTG power output decays significantly enough to hinder

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signal as the probe flew by behind Pluto. The results resolved Pluto's diameter (by their timing) and atmospheric density and composition (by their weakening and strengthening pattern). (Alice can perform similar occultations, using sunlight instead of radio beacons.) Previous missions had the

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During the week of February 20, 2006, controllers conducted initial in-flight tests of three onboard science instruments, the Alice ultraviolet imaging spectrometer, the PEPSSI plasma-sensor, and the LORRI long-range visible-spectrum camera. No scientific measurements or images were taken, but

1443:, the radio dish is also enclosed in blankets that extend to the body. The heat from the RTG adds warmth to the spacecraft while it is in the outer Solar System. While in the inner Solar System, the spacecraft must prevent overheating, hence electronic activity is limited, power is diverted to 998:

topped the list of projects considered the highest priority among the scientific community in the medium-size category; ahead of missions to the Moon, and even Jupiter. Weiler stated that it was a result that " administration was not going to fight". Funding for the mission was finally secured

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Investigators compiled a series of images of the moons Nix and Hydra taken from January 27 through February 8, 2015, beginning at a range of 201 million km (125 million mi). Pluto and Charon appear as a single overexposed object at the center. The right side image has been

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The mission's science objectives were grouped in three distinct priorities. The "primary objectives" were required. The "secondary objectives" were expected to be met but were not demanded. The "tertiary objectives" were desired. These objectives could have been skipped in favor of the above

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proposal was one of five that were officially submitted to NASA. It was later selected as one of two finalists to be subject to a three-month concept study in June 2001. The other finalist, POSSE (Pluto and Outer Solar System Explorer), was a separate but similar Pluto mission concept by the

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were acquired September 21–24, 2006, during a test of LORRI. They were released on November 28, 2006. The images, taken from a distance of approximately 4.2 billion km (2.6 billion mi; 28 AU), confirmed the spacecraft's ability to track distant targets, critical for

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took only nine hours to pass the Moon's orbit. Although there were backup launch opportunities in February 2006 and February 2007, only the first twenty-three days of the 2006 window permitted the Jupiter flyby. Any launch outside that period would have forced the spacecraft to fly a slower

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spacecraft accurately home in on Pluto. On December 6, 2014, mission controllers sent a signal for the craft to "wake up" from its final Pluto-approach hibernation and begin regular operations. The craft's response that it was "awake" reached Earth on December 7, 2014, at 02:30 UTC.

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Images from July 1 to 3, 2013, by LORRI were the first by the probe to resolve Pluto and Charon as separate objects. On July 14, 2014, mission controllers performed a sixth trajectory-correction maneuver (TCM) since its launch to enable the craft to reach Pluto. Between July 19–24, 2014,

4927: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4956: 2207:; models of dust in the outer Solar System, especially the Kuiper belt, are speculative. The VBSDC is always turned on measuring the masses of the interplanetary and interstellar dust particles (in the range of nano- and picograms) as they collide with the PVDF panels mounted on the 658:

with a speed of about 16.26 km/s (10.10 mi/s; 58,500 km/h; 36,400 mph). It was the fastest (average speed with respect to Earth) human-made object ever launched from Earth. It is not the fastest speed recorded for a spacecraft, which, as of 2023, is that of the

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probe. This was the last major planet orbit crossing before the Pluto flyby. At the time, the spacecraft was 3.99 billion km (2.48 billion mi; 26.7 AU) away from Neptune and 4.51 billion km (2.80 billion mi; 30.1 AU) from the Sun.

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year so that the instruments could be calibrated and the systems checked. The first hibernation mode cycle started on June 28, 2007, the second cycle began on December 16, 2008, the third cycle on August 27, 2009, and the fourth cycle on August 29, 2014, after a 10-week test.

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best spatial resolution of the small satellites is 330 m per pixel (1,080 ft/px) at Nix, 780 m/px (2,560 ft/px) at Hydra, and approximately 1.8 km/px (1.1 mi/px) at Kerberos and Styx. Estimates for the dimensions of these bodies are: Nix at

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in 2015 and will decay too far to power the transmitters in the 2030s. There are no onboard batteries since RTG output is predictable, and load transients are handled by a capacitor bank and fast circuit breakers. As of January 2019, the power output of the RTG is about

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of the medium-gain antenna. The aft low-gain antenna is mounted within the launch adapter at the rear of the spacecraft. This antenna was used only for early mission phases near Earth, just after launch and for emergencies if the spacecraft had lost attitude control.

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Team leader Alan Stern stated there is potential for a third flyby in the 2020s at the outer edges of the Kuiper belt. This depends on a suitable Kuiper belt object being found or confirmed close enough to the spacecraft's current trajectory. Since May 2020, the

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reached the halfway point of transmitting this data. The transfer was completed on October 25, 2016, at 21:48 UTC, when the last piece of data—part of a Pluto–Charon observation sequence by the Ralph/LEISA imager—was received by the Johns Hopkins University

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measurements. It consists of a detector panel, about 460 mm × 300 mm (18 in × 12 in), mounted on the anti-solar face of the spacecraft (the ram direction), and an electronics box within the spacecraft. The detector contains fourteen

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may also take a picture of Earth from its distance in the Kuiper belt, but only after completing all planned KBO flybys and imaging Uranus and Neptune. This is because pointing a camera towards Earth could cause the camera to be damaged by sunlight, as none of

2250:) and some additional electronics to conduct radio science investigations using the communications channels. These are small enough to fit on a single card. Because there are two redundant communications subsystems, there are two, identical REX circuit boards. 3937:(given the temporary designation "1110113Y" on the HST web site), the most favorably situated object, had a magnitude of 26.8, is 30–45 km (19–28 mi) in diameter, and was encountered in January 2019. A course change to reach it required about 35% of 3564:

on July 14 and sent back to Earth in October 2015 revealed that Kerberos was smaller in size, 19 km (12 mi) across with a highly reflective surface suggesting the presence of relatively clean water ice similarly to the rest of Pluto's smaller moons.

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capabilities, and make observations of the asteroid's composition as well as light and phase curves. The asteroid was estimated to be 2.5 km (1.6 mi) in diameter. The spacecraft successfully tracked the rapidly moving asteroid over June 10–12, 2006.

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would require approximately 16 months after leaving the vicinity of Pluto to transmit the buffer load back to Earth. At Pluto's distance, radio signals from the space probe back to Earth took four hours and 25 minutes to traverse 4.7 billion km of space.

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calls for the spacecraft to conduct observations of, and look for ring systems around, between 25 and 35 different KBOs. In addition, it will continue to study the gas, dust and plasma composition of the Kuiper belt before the mission extension ends in 2021.

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reached an altitude of up to 330 km (210 mi). The event gave scientists an unprecedented look into the structure and motion of the rising plume and its subsequent fall back to the surface. Infrared signatures of a further 36 volcanoes were noticed.

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and a search for small moons. A second object was planned to be observed in June 2015, and a third in September after the flyby; the team hoped to observe a dozen such objects through 2018. On April 15, 2015, Pluto was imaged showing a possible polar cap.

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In addition to the science equipment, there are nine cultural artifacts traveling with the spacecraft. These include a collection of 434,738 names stored on a compact disc, a collection of images of New Horizons project personnel on another CD, a piece of

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made its first detection of Arrokoth on August 16, 2018, from a distance of 172 million km (107 million mi). At that time, Arrokoth was visible at magnitude 20 against a crowded stellar background in the direction of the constellation

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was deemed likely to find a suitable target in time for a successful KBO mission. On June 16, 2014, time on Hubble was granted for a search. Hubble has a much greater ability to find suitable KBOs than ground telescopes. The probability that a target for

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had discovered a total of about 100 KBOs, and flown close enough to about 20 of them to capture characteristics such as shape, rotational period, possible moons, and surface composition. In addition, since 2021, Canadian researchers had been able to use

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reported that the spacecraft was healthy, its flight path was within the margins, and science data of the Pluto–Charon system had been recorded. The spacecraft's immediate task was to begin returning the 6.25 gigabytes of information collected. The

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resolution. This is half the rotation period of the Pluto–Charon system and allowed imaging of all sides of both bodies. Close range imaging was repeated twice per day in order to search for surface changes caused by localized snow fall or surface

2392:, and the first Atlas V with a third stage. Previous flights had used zero, two, or three solid boosters, but never five. The vehicle, AV-010, weighed 573,160 kilograms (1,263,600 lb) at lift-off, and had earlier been slightly damaged when 4730:, all to be provided by the launch vehicle. As of May 2, 2024, the spacecraft is 58.80 AU (8.796 billion km; 5.466 billion mi) from the Sun traveling at 13.68 kilometres per second (49,200 km/h; 30,600 mph). 2548:

used LORRI to take its first photographs of Jupiter on September 4, 2006, from a distance of 291 million kilometers (181 million miles). More detailed exploration of the system began in January 2007 with an infrared image of the moon

5868:"New Horizons Glimpses the Flattened Shape of Ultima Thule – NASA's New Horizons spacecraft flew past the most distant object ever visited: a tiny fragment of the early solar system known as 2014 MU69 and nicknamed Ultima Thule. – Interactive" 4806:

spacecraft; it was expected to cross Pluto's orbit on October 15, 2015. Because it was not in controlled flight, it did not receive the correct gravity assist and passed within 200 million km (120 million mi) of Pluto. The

1872:). The CCD is chilled far below freezing by a passive radiator on the antisolar face of the spacecraft. This temperature differential requires insulation and isolation from the rest of the structure. The 208.3 mm (8.20 in) aperture 1668:

On March 19, 2007, the Command and Data Handling computer experienced an uncorrectable memory error and rebooted itself, causing the spacecraft to go into safe mode. The craft fully recovered within two days, with some data loss on Jupiter's

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team requested, and received, a mission extension through 2021 to explore additional Kuiper belt objects (KBOs). Funding was secured on July 1, 2016. During this Kuiper Belt Extended Mission (KEM) the spacecraft performed a close fly-by of

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was more than 203 million km (126 million mi) away from Pluto when it began taking the photos, which showed Pluto and its largest moon, Charon. The exposure time was too short to see Pluto's smaller, much fainter moons.

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its flyby, and the spacecraft would resume scheduled science operations on July 7. The science observations lost because of the anomaly were judged to have no impact on the mission's main objectives and minimal impact on other objectives.

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reaches the distance of 100 AU (15 billion km; 9.3 billion mi), it will be traveling at about 13 km/s (47,000 km/h; 29,000 mph), around 4 km/s (14,000 km/h; 8,900 mph) slower than

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the public helped to scan telescopic images for possible suitable mission candidates. The ground-based search resulted in the discovery of about 143 KBOs of potential interest, but none of these were close enough to the flight path of

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spacecraft transmit through the atmosphere, to Earth ("downlink"). Pluto's mass and mass distribution were evaluated by the gravitational tug on the spacecraft. As the spacecraft speeds up and slows down, the radio signal exhibited a

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and mapping the surface composition (by searching for ammonia, carbon monoxide, methane, and water ice). Searches will be conducted for orbiting moonlets, a coma, rings and the surrounding environment. Additional objectives include:

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The Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) is a long-focal-length imager designed for high resolution and responsivity at visible wavelengths. The instrument is equipped with a 1024×1024 pixel by 12-bits-per-pixel monochromatic

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William B.; Moore, Jeffrey M.; Nunez, J.I.; Olkin, Catherine B.; Parker, Joel W.; Porter, Simon B.; Reuter, Dennis C.; Robbins, Stuart J.; Schenk, Paul; Showalter, Mark R.; Singer, Kelsi N.; Verbiscer, Anne. J.; Young, Leslie A.

869:, requesting permission to visit his planet. "I told him he was welcome to it," Tombaugh later remembered, "though he's got to go one long, cold trip." The call eventually led to a series of proposed Pluto missions leading up to 4286: 2375:

B third stage ignited at 19:42:37 UTC and burned for 1 minute 28 seconds. Combined, these burns successfully sent the probe on a solar-escape trajectory at 16.26 kilometers per second (58,536 km/h; 36,373 mph).

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and high-energy particle spectrometer suite (PAM), the other being PEPSSI. SWAP measures particles of up to 6.5 keV and, because of the tenuous solar wind at Pluto's distance, the instrument is designed with the largest

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was planned to come within 3,500 km (2,200 mi) of Arrokoth, three times closer than the spacecraft's earlier encounter with Pluto. Images with a resolution of up to 30 m (98 ft) per pixel were expected.

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Verbiscer, A. J.; Porter, S. B.; Buratti, B. J.; Weaver, H. A.; Spencer, J. R.; Showalter, M. R.; Buie, M. W.; Hofgartner, J. D.; Hicks, M. D.; Ennico-Smith, K.; Olkin, C. B.; Stern, S. A.; Young, L. A.; Cheng, A. (2018).

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instrumentation is body-mounted. In order for the cameras to record data, the entire probe must turn, and the one-degree-wide beam of the high-gain antenna was not pointing toward Earth. Previous spacecraft, such as the

10688:"NASA's New Horizons Will Visit Ultima Thule on New Year's Day – The probe that visited Pluto will study a mysterious icy world just after midnight. Arrokoth will be the most distant object ever visited by a spacecraft" 3948:. A mission to PT3 was in some ways preferable, in that it is brighter and therefore probably larger than PT1, but the greater fuel requirements to reach it would have left less for maneuvering and unforeseen events. 2565:

speed by 4 km/s (14,000 km/h; 9,000 mph), accelerating the probe to a velocity of 23 km/s (83,000 km/h; 51,000 mph) relative to the Sun and shortening its voyage to Pluto by three years.

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Also in regard to the approach phase during January 2015, on August 21, 2012, the team announced that they would spend mission time attempting long-range observations of the Kuiper belt object temporarily designated

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Reflected sunlight from Charon allowed some imaging observations of the nightside. Backlighting by the Sun gave an opportunity to highlight any rings or atmospheric hazes. REX performed radiometry of the nightside.

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coin, whose design commemorates human exploration, is included, officially as a trim weight, as is a Maryland state quarter to honor the probe's builders. One of the science packages (a dust counter) is named after

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in width. Investigators began taking Pluto images and background starfield images to assist mission navigators in the design of course-correcting engine maneuvers that would precisely modify the trajectory of

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received a gravity assist from Jupiter, with its closest approach at 05:43:40 UTC on February 28, 2007, when it was 2.3 million kilometers (1.4 million miles) from Jupiter. The flyby increased

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As of November 2018, at a distance of 43 AU (6.43 billion km; 4.00 billion mi) from the Sun and 0.4 AU (60 million km; 37 million mi) from 486958 Arrokoth,

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The flyby was the center of a four-month intensive observation campaign lasting from January to June. Being an ever-changing scientific target, Jupiter has been observed intermittently since the end of the

10585:"HORIZONS Web-Interface, Ephemeris Type: VECTORS, Target Body: Asteroid (2012 HE85), Coordinate Origin: New Horizons Spacecraft [500@-98], Time Span: Start=2017-12-05, Stop=2017-12-06, Intervals=1" 4026:) (PT1) was chosen as the flyby target. The necessary course adjustment was performed with four engine firings between October 22 and November 4, 2015. The flyby occurred on January 1, 2019, at 00:33 UTC. 1808:

scan platform jammed at Saturn, and the demands of long time exposures at outer planets led to a change of plans such that the entire probe was rotated to make photos at Uranus and Neptune, similar to how

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spent most of its journey towards Pluto in hibernation mode. Redundant components as well as guidance and control systems were shut down to extend their life cycle, decrease operation costs and free the

2203:(PVDF) panels, twelve science and two reference, which generate voltage when impacted. Effective collecting area is 0.125 m (1.35 sq ft). No dust counter has operated past the orbit of 2072:

spacecraft. The instrument has a mass of 4.4 kg and draws 4.4 watts of power. Its primary role is to determine the relative concentrations of various elements and isotopes in Pluto's atmosphere.

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swept across Florida on October 24, 2005. One of the solid rocket boosters was hit by a door. The booster was replaced with an identical unit, rather than inspecting and requalifying the original.

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Some of the questions the mission attempts to answer are: What is Pluto's atmosphere made of and how does it behave? What does its surface look like? Are there large geological structures? How do

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Pluto Exploration Remote Sensing Investigation (PERSI), with the other being the Alice instrument. Ralph has two separate channels: MVIC (Multispectral Visible Imaging Camera), a visible-light

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following the publication of the report. Stern's team was finally able to start building the spacecraft and its instruments, with a planned launch in January 2006 and arrival at Pluto in 2015.

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and analyzing the structure and composition of its clouds. Heat-induced lightning strikes in the polar regions and "waves" that indicate violent storm activity were observed and measured. The

2436:

On April 7, 2006, the spacecraft passed the orbit of Mars, moving at roughly 21 km/s (76,000 km/h; 47,000 mph) away from the Sun at a solar distance of 243 million kilometers.

730:

was reported to have traveled at speeds of more than 84,000 km/h (52,000 mph). On October 25, 2016, at 21:48 UTC, the last recorded data from the Pluto flyby was received from

3822:

observations. Desirable KBOs are well over 50 km (30 mi) in diameter, neutral in color (to contrast with the reddish Pluto), and, if possible, have a moon that imparts a wobble.

3138:

spacecraft to Pluto occurred at 11:49 UTC on July 14, 2015, at a range of 12,472 km (7,750 mi) from the surface and 13,658 km (8,487 mi) from the center of Pluto.

4607:

in the inner solar system. These measurements indicate that the total amount of light emitted by all galaxies at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths may be lower than previously thought.

726:, it flew 12,500 km (7,800 mi) above the surface of Pluto, which at the time was 34 AU from the Sun, making it the first spacecraft to explore the dwarf planet. In August 2016, 3316:"The New Horizons flyby of the Pluto system was fully successful, meeting and in many cases exceeding, the Pluto objectives set out for it by NASA and the National Academy of Sciences." 1451:

are opened to radiate excess heat. While the spacecraft is cruising inactively in the cold outer Solar System, the louvers are closed, and the shunt regulator reroutes power to electric

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from 2.1 billion km away (1.3 billion mi; 14 AU); the oblique view will complement Earth-based observations to study the object's light-scattering properties.

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Initial predictions envisioned Kerberos as a relatively large and massive object whose dark surface led to it having a faint reflection. This proved to be wrong as images obtained by

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data confirming a successful flyby and a healthy spacecraft was received on Earth from the vicinity of the Pluto system on July 15, 2015, 00:52:37 UTC, after 22 hours of planned

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will focus on specific heliophysics data, as stated by NASA in September 2023. It will remain available for a flyby of a different target until it leaves the Kuiper belt in 2028.

1504:) and twelve 0.9 N (0.2 lbf) plumbed into redundant branches. The larger thrusters are used primarily for trajectory corrections, and the small ones (previously used on 10833: 4624:

The spacecraft reached a distance of 50 AU (7.5 billion km; 4.6 billion mi) on April 17, 2021, at 12:42 UTC, a feat performed only four times before, by

2650:. Still, its instruments were intended for small, dim targets, so they were scientifically useful on large, distant moons. Emphasis was put on Jupiter's innermost Galilean moon, 15805: 15142: 11033: 10079: 7476: 6519: 5781: 4254: 9423: 5553: 21159: 8302: 2654:, whose active volcanoes shoot out tons of material into Jupiter's magnetosphere, and further. Out of eleven observed eruptions, three were seen for the first time. That of 1795:

program probes, had a rotatable instrumentation platform (a "scan platform") that could take measurements from virtually any angle without losing radio contact with Earth.

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Distant-encounter operations at Pluto began on January 4, 2015. On this date, images of the targets with the onboard LORRI imager plus the Ralph telescope were only a few

1420: in or 0.40 mm) bonded to aluminum honeycomb core. The structure is larger than strictly necessary, with empty space inside. The structure is designed to act as 14654: 12226: 4580:; the images from each vantage point – over 6.4 billion km (4 billion miles) apart – were compared to produce "the first demonstration of an easily observable 4102:

from a distance of 0.50 and 0.34 AU, respectively. These were the closest images taken of a Kuiper belt object besides Pluto and Arrokoth as of February 2018.

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polarization combining technique were successful, and the capability was declared to be operational (when the spacecraft power budget permits both TWTAs to be powered).

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On October 15, 2014, it was revealed that Hubble's search had uncovered three potential targets, temporarily designated PT1 ("potential target 1"), PT2 and PT3 by the

3089:. The object would be too distant to resolve surface features or take spectroscopy, but it would be able to make observations that cannot be made from Earth, namely a 5180:

at Venus, the spacecraft is expected to reach a maximum speed at perihelion of approximately 200 km/s (720,000 km/h; 450,000 mph) on December 24, 2024.

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Atlas V 551 rocket, with a third stage added to increase the heliocentric (escape) speed. This was the first launch of the Atlas V 551 configuration, which uses five

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To escape the Sun, the spacecraft needs a speed relative to the Sun of the square root of 2 times the speed of the Earth, which is 29.78 km/s. (In other words,

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returned to a spin-stabilized mode to prepare sending the remainder of its data back to Earth. This download was expected to take 20 months at a data rate of 1–2

2663:'s surface was analyzed with LEISA, revealing how lighting and viewing conditions affect infrared spectrum readings of its surface water ice. Minor moons such as 1767:

recorded scientific instrument data to its solid-state memory buffer at each encounter, then transmitted the data to Earth. Data storage is done on two low-power

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Because of the need to conserve fuel for possible encounters with Kuiper belt objects subsequent to the Pluto flyby, intentional encounters with objects in the

1055:. Navigation is performed at various contractor facilities, whereas the navigational positional data and related celestial reference frames are provided by the 15336: 5844: 7644: 6948: 6368: 2216:, who first suggested the name "Pluto" at the age of 11. A thirteen-minute short film about the VBSDC garnered an Emmy Award for student achievement in 2006. 5999: 4536:

was six hours. Confirmation that the craft had succeeded in filling its digital recorders occurred when data arrived on Earth ten hours later, at 15:29 UTC.

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trajectory by about 10 meters per second (33 ft/s). The remaining three targeting maneuvers took place on October 25, October 28, and November 4, 2015.

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team scanned the spacecraft's trajectory to determine if any asteroids would, by chance, be close enough for observation. In May 2006 it was discovered that

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was originally planned as a voyage to the only unexplored planet in the Solar System. When the spacecraft was launched, Pluto was still classified as a

8051: 18797: 11453: 10730: 7326: 11439:"Hi, I am Alan Stern, head of NASA's New Horizons spacecraft on its way to explore Ultima Thule, a Kuiper Belt object one billion miles beyond Pluto! AMA" 2711:

imaged on February 27, 2007, from a distance of 3.1 million km (1.9 million mi). Image scale is 15 km per pixel (9.3 mi/px).

19737: 18801: 10394: 9197: 8663: 8578:

Parker, Alex H.; et al. (2013). "2011 HM102: Discovery of a High-Inclination L5 Neptune Trojan in the Search for a post-Pluto New Horizons Target".

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imaged on February 27, 2007, from a distance of 3.5 million km (2.2 million mi). Image scale is 17 km per pixel (11 mi/px).

625: 10756: 6113: 4494:

mode to a three-axis-stabilized mode on August 13, 2018. The official approach phase began on August 16, 2018, and continued through December 24, 2018.

2064:), over 32 view fields. Its goal is to determine the composition of Pluto's atmosphere. This Alice instrument is derived from another Alice aboard 719:

was brought back online for the Pluto encounter, and instrument check-out began. On January 15, 2015, the spacecraft began its approach phase to Pluto.

678:, making its closest approach on February 28, 2007, at a distance of 2.3 million kilometers (1.4 million miles). The Jupiter flyby provided a 22383: 21584: 20777: 18825: 18817: 18467: 15172: 15109: 10136: 5905: 4117:

has observed the dwarf planets Eris (2020), Haumea (2007, 2017, 2020), Makemake (2007, 2017), and Quaoar (2016, 2017, 2019), as well as the large KBOs

2368:

second stage ignited at 19:04:43 UTC and burned for 5 minutes 25 seconds. It reignited at 19:32 UTC and burned for 9 minutes 47 seconds. The

10024: 1480:

of over 290 m/s (1,000 km/h; 650 mph) is provided by a 77 kg (170 lb) internal tank. Helium is used as a pressurant, with an

22787: 20445: 14377: 10661: 5817: 5712: 5586: 5113: 1056: 11055: 2614:, spanning up to 70% of Earth's diameter, was imaged from up close for the first time. Recording from different angles and illumination conditions, 18829: 2849:

antenna to make a course correction that would take it just 3,000 km (1,900 mi) from the surface of Pluto where it was expected that the

10170: 7696: 5745: 19429: 18549: 14647: 11617: 6926: 6779: 2630:

collected valuable particle readings. "Bubbles" of plasma that are thought to be formed from material ejected by the moon Io were noticed in the

11721: 11179: 11153: 10915: 10863: 10218: 9515: 8995: 8943: 8917: 8891: 8865: 7972: 7155: 6656: 18907: 10342: 6693: 6319: 2502:). The asteroid was imaged by Ralph (use of LORRI was not possible because of proximity to the Sun), which gave the team a chance to test Ralph 1778:

s each. Because of the extreme distance from Pluto and the Kuiper belt, only one buffer load at those encounters can be saved. This is because

1410:

Titanium provides strength and thermal isolation. The rest of the triangle is primarily sandwich panels of thin aluminum face sheet (less than

971:

and effectively canceled it by not including it in NASA's budget for 2003. NASA's Associate Administrator for the Science Mission Directorate,

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tube forms the main structural column, between the launch vehicle adapter ring at the "rear", and the 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) radio

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Stern, S. A.; Weaver, H. A.; Spencer, J. R.; Elliott, H. A.; the New Horizons Team (2018). "The New Horizons Kuiper Belt Extended Mission".

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to look for suitable candidates within the spacecraft's proximity. As of June 2024, no suitable targets have been found. Beginning in 2025,

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antenna with 72 dBi of forward gain equals −148 dBm. Because of the extremely low RSL, it could only transmit data at 1 to 2

1047:

After separation from the launch vehicle, overall control was taken by Mission Operations Center (MOC) at the Applied Physics Laboratory in

19179: 19042: 18953: 18821: 16057: 13970: 2157:

On June 23, 2017, NASA announced that it has renamed the LEISA instrument to the "Lisa Hardaway Infrared Mapping Spectrometer" in honor of

1342:

and has been compared to a piano glued to a cocktail bar-sized satellite dish. As a point of departure, the team took inspiration from the

11415: 8969: 6047: 5314: 4490:, Earth-Received Time), in order to prepare for the approach phase. After verifying its health status, the spacecraft transitioned from a 2498:

on June 13, 2006. Closest approach occurred at 4:05 UTC at a distance of 101,867 km (63,297 mi) (around one quarter of the

20216: 20192: 19218: 19069: 18833: 18793: 18773: 18695: 17351: 17059: 16300: 15829: 8002: 7778: 6995: 5634: 4964: 3708:

is +83 dBm, and at this distance, the signal reaching Earth is −220 dBm. The received signal level (RSL) using one, un-arrayed

1149:

About 30 grams (1 oz) of Clyde Tombaugh's ashes are aboard the spacecraft, to commemorate his discovery of Pluto in 1930. A Florida

10619:

Verbiscer, Anne J.; Helfenstein, Paul; Porter, Simon B.; Benecchi, Susan D.; Kavelaars, J. J.; Lauer, Tod R.; et al. (April 2022).

10477: 9876: 6726: 1350:(RTG) and dish on a box-in-box structure through the outer Solar System. Many subsystems and components have flight heritage from APL's 1077:. Coincidentally the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station was where the photographic plates were taken for the discovery of Pluto's moon 20138: 19551: 19065: 18809: 17170: 15861: 15152: 14640: 11438: 11124: 10825: 9937: 9446: 6229: 4051:

further refine the location of 15810 Arawn to within 1,000 km (620 mi) and to determine its rotational period of 5.47 hours.

3867: 2642:

The four largest moons of Jupiter were in poor positions for observation; the necessary path of the gravity-assist maneuver meant that

11257: 10251: 20226: 20145: 19101: 19081: 19077: 19011: 18928: 14286: 13085: 7671: 6608: 4940: 3163:

objectives. An objective to measure any magnetic field of Pluto was dropped, due to mass and the expense associated with including a

11025: 10787: 10316: 10067: 9231: 8821: 4275:

software to speed up identification processes of potential KBO targets for a third flyby, cutting weeks-long efforts to hours-long.

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imaged on February 28, 2007. The feature near the north pole of the moon is a 290 km (180 mi) high plume from the volcano

21192: 20221: 18902: 18813: 18777: 17371: 15167: 14885: 9413: 8716: 8549: 8523: 8497: 8468: 8442: 8399: 8380: 7918: 7480: 5543: 2583:

instruments were built using the latest technology, especially in the area of cameras, representing a significant improvement over

19150:

are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).

10963: 8306: 8160: 8020: 7892: 7599: 7361: 6750: 6083: 5771: 22246: 21406: 20610: 20530: 20263: 18961: 18932: 15999: 14973: 14316: 14003: 13115: 11579: 8416: 8361: 8333: 8219: 8186: 8134: 8107: 7862: 7054: 5226: 984: 14815: 7729: 7099: 6973: 6634: 4652:

is the farthest spacecraft from the Sun, more than 152 AU (22.7 billion km; 14.1 billion mi) away when

4113:

spacecraft in October 2007, January 2017, and May 2020, from distances of 49 AU, 59 AU, and 63 AU, respectively.

1799:

was mechanically simplified to save weight, shorten the schedule, and improve reliability during its 15-year designed lifetime.

1634:

systems: the Command and Data Handling system and the Guidance and Control processor. Each of the two systems is duplicated for

1032:

education/public outreach, is approximately $ 700 million over 15 years (2001–2016). The spacecraft was built primarily by

23154: 22501: 22289: 21815: 21449: 20930: 20655: 19407: 19402: 18995: 18460: 16716: 16464: 15891: 15723: 15137: 11916: 10562: 7302: 6458: 3859: 959:

was officially selected for funding as part of the New Frontiers program. However, the new NASA Administrator appointed by the

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team, including Alan Stern, disagree with the IAU definition and still describe Pluto as the ninth planet. Pluto's satellites

22497: 22089: 21811: 21458: 20926: 20108: 19546: 19278: 17817: 17462: 17457: 17183: 16744: 16459: 14079: 14020: 11764: 11300: 10589: 7755: 6842: 6488: 6171: 5466: 5001: 2771: 1558: 1551: 1347: 8632: 7576: 6586: 5440: 5264: 23144: 20505: 20312: 19835: 18533: 17522: 17391: 17346: 17175: 16739: 12577: 9850: 9620: 7518:"Measurements of the Interplanetary Dust Population by the Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter on the New Horizons Mission" 5059: 4434:

Mapping the 3-D surface topography and surface composition to learn how it is similar to and different from comets such as

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and will conduct more distant observations of an additional two dozen objects, and possibly make a fly-by of another KBO.

20088: 20062: 20018: 18395: 17411: 13438: 12241: 11783: 10409: 9543: 6433: 3374: 2892:

passed within 1.2 AU (180 million km; 110 million mi) of the high-inclination L5 Neptune trojan

2433:

instrument electronics, and in the case of Alice, some electromechanical systems were shown to be functioning correctly.

2191: 1518: 14833: 11106: 10885: 9761: 7550: 23139: 20322: 19224: 19145:

Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).

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After the spacecraft passed Arrokoth, the instruments continue to have enough power to be operational until the 2030s.

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for suitable KBOs using ground telescopes. Large ground telescopes with wide-field cameras, notably the twin 6.5-meter

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passed within 12,500 km (7,800 mi) of Pluto, with this closest approach on July 14, 2015, at 11:50 UTC.

1611: 17442: 14601: 13400: 11350: 10277: 8737: 7450: 6550: 5384: 5101:

is calculated by subtracting the one-way light-travel time (5 hours, 38 minutes, 38 seconds) from Earth-received time.

3814:

targets. Because the flight path was determined by the Pluto flyby, and the probe only had 33 kg (73 lb) of

20725: 20178: 20098: 19732: 19196: 18512: 18453: 18429: 17841: 17548: 17517: 16497: 15317: 15301: 14666: 10687: 10214: 10177: 9993: 9262: 7517: 3421: 2403:, who was described by space program officials as one of the most influential people in the history of space travel. 1533:

provide attitude determination. One detects the angle to the Sun, whereas the other measures spin rate and clocking.

1305: 14253: 6376: 5840: 3381: 3359: 2342:, and high winds and technical difficulties—unrelated to the rocket itself—prevented launch for a further two days. 20525: 20473: 20231: 19818: 19727: 19434: 19417: 19172: 18321: 17235: 16332: 16050: 15666: 15583: 15226: 14953: 12221: 10370: 7648: 5411: 4514:

of the closest approach in a phase called the Inner Core. Closest approach occurred January 1, 2019, at 05:33

3036: 2667:

had their orbit solutions refined. The cameras determined their positions, acting as "reverse optical navigation".

2350: 2162: 1982: 1854: 1100: 1011: 980: 644: 266: 12946: 12811: 11085: 10594: 9028: 5989: 5290: 4733:

However, it is not the fastest spacecraft to leave the Solar System. As of July 2023, this record is held by

3538:. The Doppler shift was measured by comparison with the ultrastable oscillator in the communications electronics. 3057:

On February 12, 2015, NASA released new images of Pluto (taken from January 25 to 31) from the approaching probe.

1407:

fuel tank is in this tube. The RTG attaches with a 4-sided titanium mount resembling a gray pyramid or stepstool.

1119:. The moons' discoverers chose these names for this reason, plus Nix and Hydra's relationship to the mythological 23164: 19692: 17052: 16570: 16273: 15896: 15836: 15512: 13480: 13120: 12532: 9968: 8246: 8055: 4591:

was 42 to 45 AU from the Sun were used to measure the cosmic optical background, the visible light analog of the

20731: 10720: 8077: 7334: 23124: 20698: 20305: 20295: 19993: 18745: 16315: 15785: 14948: 14581: 13940: 10532: 5930:

Gladstone, G. Randall; et al. (August 7, 2018). "The Lyman-α Sky Background as Observed by New Horizons".

5303:

To find results, change Target Body to "New Horizons", Center to "@Sun", and Time Span to include "2017-01-01".

4544:

After the encounter, preliminary, high-priority data was sent to Earth on January 1 and 2, 2019. On January 9,

4456:

Arrokoth is the first object to be targeted for a flyby that was discovered after the spacecraft was launched.

3355: 2977: 2223: 1287: 1166: 916: 19236: 7949: 7840: 3388: 2326:

was originally scheduled for January 11, 2006, but was initially delayed until January 17, 2006, to allow for

21288: 21261: 20498: 19338: 19333: 15962: 15054: 14279: 13078: 12216: 11722:"First Mission to Pluto: Policy, Politics, Science, and Technology in the Origins of New Horizons, 1989–2003" 10764: 9677: 4435: 3351: 3085:), when the object was at a distance of 75 million km (0.50 AU; 47 million mi) from 2030: 1283: 279: 20: 11389: 10144: 9706: 5895: 5667: 1873: 23134: 22976: 22971: 22966: 22213: 22208: 22203: 21373: 21368: 21363: 21154: 21100: 20673: 20161: 20030: 19284: 19254: 17656: 17605: 17541: 17432: 17356: 17132: 15294: 14389: 12314: 11609: 10025:"RELEASE 14-281 NASA's Hubble Telescope Finds Potential Kuiper Belt Targets for New Horizons Pluto Mission" 8689: 5932: 4991: 1962: 1115:

also have a connection with the spacecraft: the first letters of their names (N and H) are the initials of

1033: 960: 601: 174: 12594: 11363: 7617: 5702: 5576: 2803: 2778:(squares) and other bodies (circles) until 2020, with launch and flyby dates. Markers denote positions on 22239: 21956: 21951: 21399: 20603: 20515: 20462: 20425: 20384: 20278: 19983: 19963: 19878: 19702: 19441: 19387: 19165: 18419: 17923: 17789: 17733: 16043: 15532: 14321: 13996: 13135: 13125: 12299: 11949: 11832: 9798: 5807: 5006: 4592: 4502: 3741: 3370: 3119: 1530: 1513: 94: 14616: 14611: 11876: 9846: 8277: 7027: 6911: 3143: 23129: 23119: 22995: 20317: 20258: 20133: 20045: 19775: 19641: 19057: 18896: 17825: 17401: 17376: 17045: 16917: 16762: 16213: 15232: 14530: 14176: 13898: 13341: 12289: 11909: 11827: 11815: 11644: 10997: 10944: 10859: 10506: 10502: 10109: 9578: 9520: 9193: 9113: 7703: 7192:

Y. Guo; R. W. Farquhar (2006). "Baseline design of New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper belt".

5735: 5391: 4742: 3725: 2998: 2499: 1900: 1882: 1428:

from the RTG. Also, the mass distribution required for a spinning spacecraft demands a wider triangle.

1171: 1073:

navigation team and is responsible for planning trajectory adjustments as the spacecraft speeds toward

880: 850: 597: 585: 170: 19061: 6930: 6771: 2944:

for observations because the preparations for the Pluto approach took precedence. On August 25, 2014,

1885:). For viewing on public web sites the 12-bit per pixel LORRI images are converted to 8-bit per pixel 1786:

Part of the reason for the delay between the gathering of and transmission of data is that all of the

20355: 20273: 20268: 19942: 19397: 19355: 17803: 17666: 17452: 17277: 17148: 17068: 16777: 16772: 16767: 16721: 16347: 15866: 15522: 14576: 14218: 14084: 14045: 13930: 13485: 13375: 12966: 12304: 11744: 11640: 11175: 11149: 10990: 10911: 10855: 10390: 10206: 9645: 8991: 8965: 8939: 8913: 8887: 8861: 8839: 7980: 7914: 7151: 6660: 5516: 2200: 1615: 1466:

has both spin-stabilized (cruise) and three-axis stabilized (science) modes controlled entirely with

1143: 862: 22781: 15416: 9785: 7393:

The Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI) on the New Horizons Mission

6682: 4656:

reached its landmark in 2021. The support team continued to use the spacecraft in 2021 to study the

4003:, had been eliminated by follow-up observations. PT2 was out of the running before the Pluto flyby. 2767: 2741:

imaged on February 27, 2007, from a distance of 4.7 million km (2.9 million mi).

2194:(VBSDC), built by students at the University of Colorado Boulder, is operating periodically to make 1881:(12 lb), for one of the largest silicon-carbide telescopes flown at the time (now surpassed by 1726:(DSN) dishes are used to relay commands once the spacecraft is beyond Jupiter. The spacecraft uses 1677:

operations on the craft to prevent future events, which could happen during the approach with Pluto.

21943: 21932: 21531: 21179: 20468: 20392: 19666: 19242: 18434: 18123: 17693: 17396: 17214: 16754: 16545: 16410: 16310: 15901: 15661: 15458: 14895: 14826: 14739: 14272: 14074: 13370: 13071: 12904: 11939: 11885: 10994: 10941: 10113: 7888: 7502: 4560: 3340: 2836:

on March 18, 2011. After astronomers announced the discovery of two new moons in the Pluto system,

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imager with broadband and color channels; and LEISA (Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array), a near-

1635: 1096: 1037: 928: 712: 705: 109: 88: 15286: 14804: 11325: 11228: 11205: 10948: 9574: 9082: 7503:"Pluto-Bound, Student-Built Dust Detector Renamed "Venetia," Honoring Girl Who Named Ninth Planet" 7124: 6809: 6262: 6198: 2129:

The Ralph telescope, 75 mm in aperture, is one of two photographic instruments that make up

1074: 22865: 22836: 22318: 22040: 21465: 21216: 20300: 20237: 20212: 20057: 19910: 19845: 19556: 19517: 19476: 19377: 18361: 18287: 17738: 17661: 17153: 16560: 16555: 16006: 15984: 15921: 15448: 15157: 14968: 13475: 13431: 12817: 12450: 10436: 6520:"Postage for Pluto: A 29-cent stamp pissed off scientists so much they tacked it to New Horizons" 6406: 4775: 3344: 3090: 2069: 1727: 1723: 1650: 1489: 1276: 1048: 12920: 10181: 9488: 22271: 22266: 22232: 22122: 22079: 21431: 21426: 21392: 21250: 20638: 20631: 20596: 20540: 20483: 20005: 19988: 19934: 19897: 19697: 19671: 19626: 19382: 18387: 18260: 18084: 17512: 17092: 16791: 16400: 16305: 16294: 16066: 15994: 15177: 14820: 14749: 14203: 13989: 13935: 13004: 12930: 12805: 12705: 12466: 12420: 12324: 10432:

Constraints on the Shapes and Rotational States of the Distant New Horizons Kuiper Belt Targets

5896:"New Horizons Spacecraft Completes Flyby of Ultima Thule, the Most Distant Object Ever Visited" 5608: 5200: 4808: 4774:: 95.3 km/s (343,000 km/h; 213,000 mph). Because it remains in solar orbit, its 4600: 3876: 2797: 2529: 2365: 2057:

telescope. It resolves 1,024 wavelength bands in the far and extreme ultraviolet (from 50–

1937: 1661: 1561:(RTG) protrudes in the plane of the triangle from one vertex of the triangle. The RTG provided 952:

earlier that year, and would later land on the asteroid to scientific and engineering fanfare.

892: 827:

until the spacecraft exits the Kuiper belt, which is expected to occur between 2028 and 2029.

18957: 12925: 9252: 8006: 7786: 7002: 6718: 6600: 3780: 1051:. The science instruments are operated at Clyde Tombaugh Science Operations Center (T-SOC) in 23114: 22671: 22666: 22084: 22074: 21327: 21240: 20748: 20575: 20488: 20478: 20420: 20290: 20285: 20126: 19791: 19753: 19722: 19631: 19530: 19512: 19412: 18382: 18101: 17797: 17701: 17316: 16533: 16490: 16405: 16342: 15876: 15692: 15547: 15147: 15010: 14943: 14933: 14719: 14424: 14419: 14223: 13470: 12501: 11958: 11902: 11686:"New Horizons Pluto–Kuiper Belt mission: design and simulation of the Pluto–Charon encounter" 11554: 11029: 10829: 10430: 10278:"Alan Stern on Pluto's Wonders, New Horizons' Lost Twin, and That Whole "Dwarf Planet" Thing" 9911: 9884: 9216: 7408:

ALICE: The Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Aboard the New Horizons Pluto–Kuiper Belt Mission

6832: 6021: 5098: 4799: 4518: 4487: 4481: 4409: 4156: 4069:

marked the most distant image ever taken by a spacecraft (breaking the 27-year record set by

3928: 3757: 3696:(3 billion km or 20 AU or 1.9 billion mi) is approximately 303 2607: 2137: 2065: 1861: 1731: 1719: 1470: 883:'s space division, one of many entrants in the New Frontiers Program competition, formed the 697: 593: 551: 10435:. AGU Fall Meeting. December 11–15, 2017. New Orleans, Louisiana. 1:22:55–1:36:00. P13F-07. 10102:"NASA's Hubble Telescope Finds Potential Kuiper Belt Targets for New Horizons Pluto Mission" 9945: 6239: 1940:

and retarding potential analyzer (RPA), that makes up one of the two instruments comprising

781: 23081: 22915: 22770: 22314: 21300: 21283: 20753: 20118: 19621: 19506: 19424: 19392: 19328: 19323: 18424: 18328: 18181: 18040: 18023: 18011: 17999: 17987: 17968: 17761: 17437: 17300: 17230: 16949: 16879: 16842: 16378: 16259: 16126: 15977: 15967: 15798: 15778: 15717: 15606: 15578: 15552: 15542: 14983: 14915: 14900: 14779: 14724: 14509: 14208: 14145: 13842: 13714: 13581: 13303: 12899: 12866: 12484: 12231: 11944: 11700: 10632: 10241: 9389: 9356: 9304: 8664:"NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Crosses Neptune Orbit En Route to Historic Pluto Encounter" 8597: 7525: 7248: 7203: 6877: 6524: 5951: 5044: 4986: 4703: 3924: 3689: 3679:

left the system, catching the Sun's rays passing through Pluto's atmosphere, forming a ring

3521:

Meanwhile, Alice characterized the atmosphere, both by emissions of atmospheric molecules (

3028: 2912: 2683: 2572: 2389: 2319: 2124: 1750: 1396: 1331: 836: 299: 13965: 11529: 10621:"The Diverse Shapes of Dwarf Planet and Large KBO Phase Curves Observed from New Horizons" 7663: 3395: 1749:, there are two backup low-gain antennas and a medium-gain dish. The high-gain dish has a 1435:

heat transfer. Overall, the spacecraft is thoroughly blanketed to retain heat. Unlike the

8: 23045: 22922: 22845: 22661: 22283: 21883: 21795: 21682: 21670: 21443: 21230: 20651: 20405: 20371: 19902: 19883: 19472: 19260: 18665: 18492: 18481: 18477: 18263: 18222: 18187: 17975: 17884: 17341: 17307: 17220: 17026: 16996: 16956: 16830: 16384: 16337: 16134: 15871: 15817: 15811: 15791: 15771: 15645: 15495: 15485: 15438: 15385: 15162: 15119: 14958: 14910: 14878: 14772: 14632: 14516: 14152: 13914: 13849: 13310: 12552: 12525: 12319: 12246: 12101: 12066: 11844: 11685: 10375: 10309: 10282: 10242:"NASA's New Horizons probe is visiting Pluto – and just sent back its first color photos" 9178: 6529: 6163: 6078: 5581: 5385:"New Horizons, The First Mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt: Exploring Frontier Worlds" 4981: 4737:, traveling at 16.985 km/s (61,146 km/h; 37,994 mph) relative to the Sun. 4132: 3952: 3920: 3851: 3847: 3713: 3191: 2908: 2878: 2788: 2469: 2369: 2257: 1931: 1923: 1738: 1421: 1387: 1219: 994:, the Planetary Science Decadal Survey of 2003–2013 was published in the summer of 2002. 939: 812: 796: 751: 309: 21537: 15404: 11704: 10636: 9360: 9308: 8713: 8601: 8553: 8527: 8501: 8472: 8446: 8396: 8377: 7529: 7252: 7207: 7178: 6881: 6747: 6631:"To Pluto, with postage: Nine mementos fly with NASA's first mission to the last planet" 5955: 4811:

second stage did not achieve solar escape velocity and remains in a heliocentric orbit.

4610: 3509: 2808:

hover over a trajectory or orbit to highlight it and its associated launches and flybys.

1718:

per transmitter was expected. Besides the low data rate, Pluto's distance also causes a

208:

2.2 × 2.1 × 2.7 m (7.2 × 6.9 × 8.9 ft)

23021: 22956: 22637: 22193: 22059: 22049: 21493: 21353: 21245: 21197: 20819: 20795: 20202: 19780: 19687: 19661: 19601: 19585: 19561: 18924: 18574: 18445: 18347: 17590: 16991: 16969: 16517: 16454: 16372: 15931: 15911: 15765: 15371: 14963: 14458: 14372: 13745: 13546: 13424: 12956: 12951: 12572: 12236: 12089: 11056:"Ultima in View: NASA's New Horizons Makes First Detection of Kuiper Belt Flyby Target" 10799: 10725: 10692: 9418: 9320: 9294: 8613: 8587: 8164: 8028: 7809: 7369: 7264: 7238: 6893: 6867: 6114:"Feature: How Alan Stern's tenacity, drive, and command got a NASA spacecraft to Pluto" 6073: 5967: 5941: 5900: 5872: 5740: 5707: 5548: 5319: 4829: 4763: 4549: 4491: 4302: 3709: 3238: 3214: 3151: 2818: 2775: 2243: 2237: 1970: 1714: 1444: 1425: 1082: 876: 660: 12625: 8992:"So Far, All Clear: New Horizons Team Completes First Search for Pluto System Hazards" 8420: 8358: 8337: 8223: 8190: 8138: 8111: 7866: 5235: 4419:

Science objectives of the flyby included characterizing the geology and morphology of

3919:

fuel budget were 100%, 7%, and 97%, respectively. All were members of the "cold" (low-

100: 23069: 22855: 22375: 22139: 21576: 21295: 20886: 20769: 20166: 20050: 20010: 19970: 19890: 19850: 19717: 19707: 19455: 19073: 18805: 18538: 18239: 17866: 17811: 17741: 17722: 17709: 17327: 17207: 17163: 17127: 17107: 16812: 16425: 16174: 15989: 15748: 15568: 15377: 15040: 14765: 14744: 14679: 14414: 13874: 13784: 13699: 13324: 13143: 13034: 12961: 12700: 12615: 12380: 12355: 12345: 12077: 11779: 11760: 10075: 9324: 9258: 8803: 8617: 8609: 7421: 7194: 6981: 6897: 6838: 6630: 6578: 6339: 6230:"NEAR Shoemaker's Historic Landing on Eros Exceeds Science, Engineering Expectations" 6167: 6118: 5971: 4869: 4524: 4171: 4123: 3818: 3701: 3530: 3304: 2885: 2361: 2318:

On September 24, 2005, the spacecraft arrived at the Kennedy Space Center on board a

2145: 1746: 1541: 1432: 1150: 1133: 1120: 1052: 920: 808: 792: 747: 715:

to preserve onboard systems, except for brief annual checkouts. On December 6, 2014,

558: 319: 14367: 11712: 8759: 7309: 7268: 7215: 6466: 4186: 2534: 1638:, for a total of four computers. The processor used for its flight computers is the 23009: 22619: 22358: 21938: 21922: 21891: 21565: 21506: 20898: 20719: 20399: 20040: 19651: 19502: 19230: 19209: 18205: 17102: 17014: 16579: 16550: 16483: 16449: 16415: 16152: 15952: 14714: 14621: 14337: 13729: 13704: 13631: 13626: 13616: 13541: 13506: 13405: 13153: 13029: 12741: 12610: 12562: 12557: 11736: 11708: 10821: 10640: 10347: 10063: 9364: 9312: 8605: 7260: 7256: 7211: 6885: 6683:"The Everest of Planetary Exploration: New Horizons Explores The Pluto System 2015" 6292: 6199:"NASA Selects Two Investigations for Pluto-Kuiper Belt Mission Feasibility Studies" 5959: 5353: 5052: 4677: 4581: 4573: 4272: 3855: 3745: 3246: 3220:

Map the chemical compositions of select Pluto and Charon areas with high resolution

2874: 2850: 2693: 2655: 2619: 2416:

On January 28 and 30, 2006, mission controllers guided the probe through its first

2150: 1947: 1580: 1175: 701: 22329: 15069: 14848: 12192: 9736:"NASA extends the New Horizons mission to fly by another small world beyond Pluto" 6496: 4572:

was used in conjunction with telescopes on Earth to take pictures of nearby stars

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reached a distance of 50 AU from the Sun, while remaining fully operational.

3581: 2295: 37: 22897: 22809: 22793: 22516: 22434: 22304: 22172: 21174: 20690: 20679: 20378: 20348: 19811: 19785: 19712: 19636: 19611: 19606: 19566: 19482: 18785: 18543: 18369: 18216: 18146: 17478: 17427: 17158: 16885: 16857: 16836: 16674: 16663: 16642: 16637: 16604: 16599: 16442: 16437: 16167: 16105: 16084: 16035: 15957: 15475: 15398: 14978: 14938: 14709: 14399: 14347: 14295: 13820: 13799: 13690: 13641: 13536: 13178: 13163: 13094: 12846: 12791: 12620: 12340: 11997: 11799: 11583: 10273: 9473: 8940:"85 Years after Pluto's Discovery, New Horizons Spots Small Moons Orbiting Pluto" 8720: 8403: 8384: 8365: 7422:"Ralph: A Visible/Infrared Imager for the New Horizons Pluto/Kuiper Belt Mission" 6754: 6157: 5260: 5015: 4532:. At this distance, the one-way transit time for radio signals between Earth and 4420: 3934: 3905: 3863: 3797: 3629: 3439: 3281: 2837: 2738: 2723: 2664: 2660: 2598: 2550: 2393: 2385: 2101: 1877: 1834: 1833:

has an Ultrastable Oscillator subsystem, which may be used to study and test the

1753:

layout, composite construction, of 2.1-meter (7 ft) diameter providing over

1696: 1376: 1188: 964: 924: 895:, Stern was described by Krimigis as "the personification of the Pluto mission". 791:

New Horizons is passing through the Kuiper belt as of July 2024; it is 58.3

785: 739: 655: 629: 621: 609: 446: 136: 70: 17860: 16026:

Probes are listed in chronological order of launch. indicates mission failures.

15633: 15628: 15623: 14384: 10721:"A Journey Into the Solar System's Outer Reaches, Seeking New Worlds to Explore" 9824: 9610: 5633:

Brown, Dwayne; Cantillo, Laurie; Buckley, Mike; Stotoff, Maria (July 14, 2015).

5491: 4552:. As of July 2022, approximately 10% of the data was still left to be received. 3671: 2576:

mission in September 2003. Knowledge about Jupiter benefited from the fact that

23057: 22824: 22748: 22451: 22341: 21833: 21187: 20535: 20415: 20172: 19858: 19656: 19646: 19492: 19487: 19345: 18685: 18087: 17943: 17271: 17225: 16924: 16731: 16689: 16619: 16538: 16357: 16322: 16232: 15926: 15640: 15573: 15527: 15239: 14704: 14606: 14548: 14409: 14362: 14342: 14248: 14213: 14184: 14058: 14053: 14035: 13892: 13724: 13719: 13709: 13680: 13611: 13521: 13501: 13350: 13226: 13173: 13168: 13039: 12826: 12720: 12710: 12662: 12652: 12642: 12600: 12518: 12477: 12375: 12294: 11740: 11504: 10964:"NASA's New Horizons probe woke up today to prep for its next deep space flyby" 10343:"How NASA Is Steering New Horizons Toward a Tiny Space Rock in the Kuiper Belt" 9369: 9340: 7287: 7100:"Computer glitch doesn't stop New Horizons: Pluto encounter almost a week away" 5177: 5149:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}\cdot 29.78{\text{ km/s}}\approx 42.11{\text{ km/s}}} 5022: 4849: 4750: 4604: 4295: 3945: 3514: 3487: 3455: 3308: 3147: 2870: 2647: 2400: 2213: 1155: 944: 866: 679: 11859: 9907: 9474:"How Much Bandwidth Does a Satellite Have | Microwaves | Planet Fox" 9316: 7558: 6889: 5990:"NASA Spotted a Vast, Glowing 'Hydrogen Wall' at the Edge of Our Solar System" 5635:"15-149 NASA's Three-Billion-Mile Journey to Pluto Reaches Historic Encounter" 5234:(Technical report). 45th Space Wing History Office. p. 30. Archived from 3830: 3130:

team celebrate after the spacecraft successfully completed its flyby of Pluto.

616:

system in 2015, and a secondary mission to fly by and study one or more other

23108: 22875: 22310: 21543: 21482: 20950: 20563: 20545: 20440: 20430: 20362: 20207: 19840: 19571: 19350: 18971: 18713: 18619: 18357: 18283: 18255: 18140: 18046: 17623: 17595: 17496: 17244: 17112: 16658: 16632: 16432: 16266: 16193: 15947: 15856: 15480: 14404: 14352: 14012: 13761: 13654: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13586: 13576: 13566: 13516: 13455: 13194: 13158: 12984: 12835: 12759: 12677: 12657: 12637: 12390: 12360: 12017: 10246: 9615: 8807: 6551:"'Not Yet Explored' no more: New Horizons flying Pluto stamp to dwarf planet" 5467:"New Horizons Space Probe Target May Have its Own Tiny Moonlet – ExtremeTech" 4767: 4140: 4080: 3587: 3535: 3503: 3020: 2708: 2483: 2358: 2158: 2093: 1890: 1603: 1526: 1501: 1497: 1343: 1210: 1078: 1044:

of the Southwest Research Institute (formerly NASA Associate Administrator).

777: 571: 422: 18233: 17533: 17263: 15618: 13050: 10371:"New Horizons prepares for New Year's Day 2019 Kuiper Belt Object encounter" 7516:

Poppe, Andrew R.; James, David; Jacobsmeyer, Brian; Horanyi, Mihaly (2010).

4225: 4202: 2053:

Pluto Exploration Remote Sensing Investigation (PERSI); the other being the

608:, the spacecraft was launched in 2006 with the primary mission to perform a 23033: 22935: 22904: 22814: 22533: 22424: 22350: 22152: 22116: 22094: 22021: 21552: 21512: 20945: 20740: 20410: 18855: 18311: 18193: 18034: 17949: 17849: 17715: 17676: 17646: 17633: 17628: 17483: 17366: 17188: 17097: 16679: 16668: 16609: 16594: 15906: 15886: 15881: 15742: 15470: 15443: 15321: 15277:

Symbol indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned

14873: 14444: 14436: 14357: 13659: 13621: 13571: 13556: 13531: 13526: 12989: 12841: 12715: 12695: 12672: 12667: 12647: 12632: 12605: 12350: 11870: 11757:

New Horizons: Reconnaissance of the Pluto-Charon System and the Kuiper Belt

10166: 9236: 9174:"New Horizons computer overload won't hurt the mission to Pluto, NASA says" 9052:"NASA's New Horizons Detects Surface Features, Possible Polar Cap on Pluto" 6555: 6159:

New Horizons: Reconnaissance of the Pluto-Charon System and the Kuiper Belt

5994: 4727: 4660:

environment (plasma, dust and gas) and to study other Kuiper Belt objects.

4177: 4055: 3643: 3277: 3164: 2381:

trajectory directly to Pluto, delaying its encounter by five to six years.

2247: 2097: 2043: 1768: 1654: 1400: 1138: 1112: 1000: 633: 545: 22335: 14098: 11660:"NASA probe breaks speed records as it tops 150,000 mph on way to the Sun" 10310:"Orbits and Accessibility of Potential New Horizons KBO Encounter Targets" 9287:

S.A. Stern, H.A. Weaver, J.R. Spencer, H.A. Elliott, the New Horizons Team

1981:

Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI) is a

22850: 22818: 22743: 22733: 22678: 22642: 22069: 22027: 22015: 21824: 21501: 21164: 21103: 21090: 21085: 21080: 21075: 21048: 21043: 21038: 21003: 20995: 20990: 20985: 20980: 20975: 20970: 20960: 20955: 20939: 20831: 20665: 19372: 19248: 19129: 19125: 19121: 18918: 18763: 18718: 18587: 18580: 18278: 18245: 17783: 17565: 16684: 13561: 13551: 13511: 13242: 13210: 13148: 13009: 12856: 12725: 12471: 12370: 12051: 12046: 10914:. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. October 29, 2015. 10645: 10620: 8888:"Happy Birthday Clyde Tombaugh: New Horizons Returns New Images of Pluto" 5963: 5349: 4836: 4657: 4477:

The craft was brought out of its hibernation at approximately 00:33

4162: 4118: 4047: 3775: 3756:) relative to the Sun. The brightness of the Sun from the spacecraft was 3601: 3526: 3285: 3263: 3242: 3208: 2841: 2631: 2286: 2195: 2039: 1865: 1670: 1339: 1235: 617: 11081: 10584: 9762:"New Horizons conducts flyby of Pluto in historic Kuiper Belt encounter" 9385:"Last of Pluto's moons – mysterious Kerberos – revealed by New Horizons" 8021:"Outbound for the Frontier, NASA New Horizons Crosses the Orbit of Mars" 7229:

M.M. Nieto (2008). "New Horizons and the onset of the Pioneer anomaly".

7079:. NASA/Johns Hopkins University/APL/New Horizons Mission. March 27, 2007 6935: 3896:

486958 Arrokoth, the announced target for the Kuiper belt object mission

2144:

imaging spectrometer. LEISA is derived from a similar instrument on the

22870: 22803: 22580: 22569: 22563: 22557: 22551: 22538: 22527: 22521: 22148: 22064: 21997: 21927: 21896: 21266: 21235: 21225: 21130: 21113: 21053: 20874: 20862: 20783: 20103: 19805: 19798: 19313: 19116: 18869: 18528: 17961: 17879: 17447: 17406: 17386: 17381: 17289: 16870: 16863: 16097: 16090: 15697: 15365: 15047: 14488: 14481: 14125: 14120: 13812: 13805: 13664: 13649: 13283: 13278: 12851: 12775: 12385: 12160: 12136: 11982: 9194:"NASA's Three-Billion-Mile Journey to Pluto Reaches Historic Encounter" 9020: 6151: 5470: 5286: 5173: 5037: 5030: 4632: 4626: 4359: 3972: 3784: 3693: 3637: 3615: 3273: 3260: 3228: 3224: 3123: 3007: 2894: 2495: 2456: 2417: 2112: 1639: 1290: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1199: 1108: 1041: 888: 854: 667: 605: 342: 325: 23097:

NASA Gets Some Help From Guitarist Brian May On Its New Horizons Probe

23052: 10011:

Hubble To Lend Pluto Probe Helping Hand in Search for Secondary Target

9139:"NASA's New Horizons Plans July 7 Return to Normal Science Operations" 8784: 8254: 5097:

exited hibernation was received by ground stations at 06:12 UTC.

1686: 841: 22930: 22860: 22758: 22738: 22607: 22591: 22575: 22510: 22481: 22440: 22298: 22159: 22111: 22054: 21992: 21977: 21963: 21771: 21759: 21602: 21307: 21146: 21108: 21095: 20965: 20850: 20838: 20807: 20520: 20493: 20341: 20253: 20113: 20082: 20075: 19872: 19770: 19524: 18839: 18758: 18669: 18614: 18272: 18157: 17908: 17901: 17855: 17756: 17750: 17488: 17257: 17122: 17117: 16962: 16942: 16898: 16891: 16627: 16420: 16367: 16352: 16240: 16118: 16111: 15736: 15730: 15687: 15613: 15517: 14734: 14557: 14502: 14495: 14228: 14138: 14131: 13833: 13826: 13591: 13447: 13380: 13296: 13289: 12365: 12172: 12148: 12113: 12035: 12023: 11866: 11150:"Maneuver Moves New Horizons Spacecraft toward Next Potential Target" 10968: 10478:"New Horizons Sends Back First Science On Distant Kuiper Belt Object" 10410:"New Horizons Locks Onto Next Target: Let's Explore the Kuiper Belt!" 10391:"NASA's New Horizons Team Selects Potential Kuiper Belt Flyby Target" 8085: 7477:"NASA's New Horizons Mission Honors Memory of Engineer Lisa Hardaway" 7451:"Meet Ralph, the New Horizons Camera Bringing Pluto into Sharp Focus" 5812: 5772:"NASA's New Horizons Team Selects Potential Kuiper Belt Flyby Target" 5672: 5072: 5065: 4644: 4638: 4603:

because of the absence of diffuse background sky brightness from the

4564:

Parallax of Proxima Centauri as observed from New Horizons and Earth.

4233: 4210: 4071: 3994: 3983: 3961: 3815: 3300:

Refine bulk parameters (radii, masses) and orbits of Pluto and Charon

3139: 3076: 2954: 2689: 2651: 2606:

One of the main goals during the Jupiter encounter was observing its

2592: 2449: 2339: 2327: 2060: 2009: 1893:

of brightness information available from the raw LORRI images files.

1869: 1845: 1804: 1643: 1522: 1481: 1467: 972: 816: 800: 755: 17037: 9516:"New Horizons is Still Only Halfway Through Its Download from Pluto" 6858:

Fountain, G. H.; et al. (2008). "The New Horizons Spacecraft".

3892: 3329: 2732: 2717: 2182: 2018:

Principal investigator: Ralph McNutt Jr., Applied Physics Laboratory

1971:

Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI)

1919: 1367:

body forms a triangle, almost 0.76 m (2.5 ft) thick. (The

1265: 1040:

Applied Physics Laboratory. The mission's principal investigator is

22764: 22753: 22722: 22697: 22655: 22613: 22586: 22469: 22457: 22413: 22401: 22389: 21906: 21901: 21878: 21783: 21747: 21735: 21723: 21711: 21694: 21648: 21626: 21614: 21590: 21204: 21184: 21033: 20910: 20704: 19111: 19106: 19097: 19087: 18860: 18789: 18752: 18690: 18638: 18604: 18569: 18565: 18078: 17618: 17250: 17082: 15682: 15601: 15490: 15316: 15104: 15094: 12262: 12071: 11851: 9489:"How exactly does New Horizons send all that data back from Pluto?" 9451: 9299: 8714:

New Horizons Marks a 'Year Out' with a Successful Course Correction

8003:"Outbound for the Frontier, New Horizons Crosses the Orbit of Mars" 7150:

Brown, Dwayne; Buckley, Michael; Stothoff, Maria (April 14, 2015).

6996:"Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the New Horizons Mission" 6857: 5946: 5441:"Here's Why The New Horizons Spacecraft Won't Be Stopping At Pluto" 4795: 4723: 4577: 4402: 4193: 4066: 4012: 3297:

Characterize the energetic particle environment at Pluto and Charon

3204:

Characterize the time variability of Pluto's surface and atmosphere

2424:

had already reached the halfway point (in time traveled) to Pluto.

2335: 2141: 2005: 1989: 1952: 1774: 1660:

There have been two "safing" events, that sent the spacecraft into

1631: 1595: 1452: 1431:

The interior structure is painted black to equalize temperature by

1404: 1158:, who, as a child, suggested the name "Pluto" after its discovery. 949: 664: 23064: 11258:"New Horizons Conducts the First Interstellar Parallax Experiment" 10618: 10451:"New Horizons' catches a wandering Kuiper Belt Object not far off" 10137:"Hubble Telescope Spots Post-Pluto Targets for New Horizons Probe" 9781: 9779: 9678:"It's Official! NASA Pluto Probe to Fly by Another Object in 2019" 9447:"NASA's New Horizons Probe Phones Home After Historic Pluto Flyby" 8592: 7243: 6872: 6347:

Southwest Research Institute Planetary Science Directorate website

4034:

Aside from its flyby of 486958 Arrokoth, the extended mission for

3623: 3513:

Patterns of blue-gray ridges and reddish material observed in the

3180:

Characterize the global geology and morphology of Pluto and Charon

2702: 1829:, though not all instruments operate simultaneously. In addition, 823:) from the Sun. NASA has announced it is to extend operations for 620:

objects (KBOs) in the decade to follow, which became a mission to

16:

First spacecraft to visit Pluto and the Kuiper Belt (2006–Present)

22798: 22429: 22364: 22132: 21858: 21853: 21848: 21843: 21838: 21830: 21705: 21664: 21659: 21642: 21637: 21560: 21477: 21169: 20758: 20035: 20025: 19928: 19367: 19092: 19052: 19037: 19021: 18980: 18976: 18937: 18891: 18885: 18740: 18723: 18659: 18634: 18352: 18335: 18201: 18164: 17706: 17681: 17294: 16506: 16362: 16070: 16013: 15823: 15537: 15453: 14890: 14786: 14759: 14729: 12999: 12430: 12410: 12013: 11987: 11454:"New Horizons to remain a planetary mission through decade's end" 10912:"On Track: New Horizons Carries Out Third KBO Targeting Maneuver" 10761:

2017 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting in New Orleans

10559:"New Horizons Captures Record-Breaking Images in the Kuiper Belt" 9414:"NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Sends Signal From Pluto to Earth" 9121: 8822:"It's Alive! NASA's New Horizons Pluto Probe 'Wakes Up' for Work" 5358: 5228:

Evolved Expendable Launch Operations at Cape Canaveral, 2002–2009

4897: 4716: 4373: 3904:

team. PT1 was eventually chosen as the target and would be named

3862:

were used to search for potential targets. By participating in a

3697: 3525:), and by dimming of background stars as they pass behind Pluto ( 3522: 3461:

Pluto's Charon-facing opposing hemisphere viewed on July 11, 2015

3250: 3071: 2980:), an array of radio telescopes located in Chile, to help NASA's 2949: 2873:. The probe's trajectory to Pluto passed near Neptune's trailing 2611: 2372: 2354: 2331: 2309: 1610:, then encased in a graphite shell. It was developed by the U.S. 1607: 1474: 1392: 1372: 1351: 1323: 675: 648: 370: 253: 22224: 21384: 20588: 10662:"Deep into the Kuiper Belt, New Horizons is still doing science" 9908:"The most exciting citizen science project ever (to me, anyway)" 9133: 9131: 8443:"Later, Uranus: New Horizons Passes Another Planetary Milestone" 8135:"New Horizons, Not Quite to Jupiter, Makes First Pluto Sighting" 5315:"The Long, Strange Trip to Pluto, and How NASA Nearly Missed It" 3609: 2312:

rocket on the launchpad (left) and lift off from Cape Canaveral.

2171:

Principal investigator: Alan Stern, Southwest Research Institute

2078:

Principal investigator: Alan Stern, Southwest Research Institute

22910: 22775: 22632: 21873: 21868: 21863: 21516: 21141: 21028: 21023: 21018: 21013: 20069: 20000: 19497: 19362: 19046: 19016: 18985: 18781: 18629: 18624: 18170: 18056: 18051: 17671: 17651: 17637: 17613: 17361: 17087: 15916: 15505: 15500: 15410: 12994: 12309: 12061: 12056: 11894: 11480:"Astronomers Are Already Planning for the Next 'Pale Blue Dot'" 11351:

NASA's New Horizons reaches rare distance, looks out to Voyager

11125:"Plot thickens as New Horizons moves within year of next flyby" 9994:"Hubble recruited to find New Horizons probe post-Pluto target" 9776: 8220:"Pluto-Bound New Horizons Spacecraft Gets a Boost from Jupiter" 7756:"NASA Met Unprecedented Challenges Sending Spacecraft to Pluto" 6324: 5018:, a planned family of NASA spacecraft including a Pluto mission 4249: 4106: 4054:

In July 2016, the LORRI camera captured some distant images of

3652: 2833: 2829: 2748: 2553:, as well as several black-and-white images of Jupiter itself. 2204: 2001: 1722:

of about 4.5 hours (one-way). The 70 m (230 ft)

1704: 1448: 1248: 1215:

Characterize the geologies and morphologies of Pluto and Charon

1092: 1066: 651: 11326:"New Horizons Spacecraft Answers Question: How Dark Is Space?" 11229:"Far beyond Pluto: What's next for NASA's New Horizons probe?" 9802: 9114:"New Horizons space probe suffers glitch on approach to Pluto" 6048:"NASA's New Horizons to Continue Exploring Outer Solar System" 5577:"Pluto close-up: Spacecraft makes flyby of icy, mystery world" 4441:

Searching for any signs of activity, such as a cloud-like coma

4428:

Mapping the surface geology to learn how it formed and evolved

3595: 2919:

to fly by after its 2015 encounter with Pluto. At that range,

2177: 21332: 21320: 21008: 20093: 19866: 19830: 19825: 19616: 19134: 18966: 18769: 18708: 18704: 18700: 18134: 18112: 17728: 15972: 15463: 15325: 14810: 14754: 14394: 12541: 11992: 11178:. Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. January 1, 2019. 10207:"Hubble to Proceed with Full Search for New Horizons Targets" 9128: 8498:"New Horizons Team Sticking to Original Flight Plan at Pluto" 8469:"At Pluto, Moons and Debris May Be Hazardous to New Horizons" 7730:"First Mission to Pluto: The Difficult Birth of New Horizons" 7702:. International Launch Services. January 2006. Archived from 5668:"How We Could Visit the Possibly Earth-Like Planet Proxima b" 4771: 4387: 4345: 3753: 3227:(upper layer of the atmosphere) and its interaction with the 3046: 3016: 2853:

would have cleaned the surrounding space of possible debris.

2427: 2338:

tank. Further delays related to low cloud ceiling conditions

1647: 1485:

would have meant less fuel for later Kuiper belt operations.

1355: 613: 398: 66: 11776:

Chasing New Horizons: Inside the Epic First Mission to Pluto

11416:"NASA New Horizons to Continue Exploring Outer Solar System" 11364:"New Horizons May Make Yet Another Flyby After Ultima Thule" 11290:"New Horizons Observations of the Cosmic Optical Background" 10503:"New Horizons Collects First Science on a Post-Pluto Object" 10428: 9854: 9707:"New Horizons Encore? Pluto Probe's Team Proposes Extension" 9544:"New Horizons Returns Last Bits of 2015 Flyby Data to Earth" 9337: 8760:"ALMA Pinpoints Pluto to Help Guide New Horizons Spacecraft" 8082:

Pluto New Horizons Mission, Supporting Observations for 2002

7515: 7290:. The Johns Hopkins University – Applied Physics Laboratory. 7143: 7047:"MIPS in space: Inside NASA's New Horizons mission to Pluto" 6320:"How Do New Horizons Costs Compare To Other Space Missions?" 1568:

of power at launch, and was predicted to drop approximately

1338:

The spacecraft is comparable in size and general shape to a

746:), which occurred on January 1, 2019, when it was 43.4 22007: 21520: 21486: 21470: 19188: 18400: 14663: 14264: 13063: 11808: 10536: 10029: 9880: 9650: 9146: 9086: 9055: 6266: 6234: 6202: 5776: 5639: 5632: 4766:

can also be measured as the fastest object, because of its

4595:, in seven high galactic latitude fields. At that distance 3749: 3705: 3217:(day/night border) of Pluto and Charon with high resolution 2962: 2399:

The launch was dedicated to the memory of launch conductor

1992:

sensor that makes up one of the two instruments comprising

1977:

Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation

1886: 1840: 1737:

The downlink signal is amplified by dual redundant 12-watt

1730:

transmitters and receivers, and either right- or left-hand

1587: 1571: 1564: 1192: 820: 804: 759: 589: 511:

Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation

81: 19:

This article is about the space probe. For other uses, see

16475: 14662: 9877:"Citizen Scientists: Discover a New Horizons Flyby Target" 7505:. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. 6192: 6190: 4088:

surpassed its own record, imaging the Kuiper belt objects

987:, that reflects the opinions of the scientific community. 126: 13981: 10414: 9284: 8054:. The PI's Perspective. Johns Hopkins APL. Archived from 8027:. SpaceRef Interactive Inc. April 7, 2006. Archived from 7152:"NASA's New Horizons Nears Historic Encounter with Pluto" 6758: 5544:"NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Completes Flyby of Pluto" 4529: 4515: 4478: 4143:(which shares similarities with Pluto and Eris) in 2019. 3187: 1985: 1756: 1711:

at Jupiter; at Pluto's distance, a rate of approximately

1602:

mission. The RTG contains 9.75 kg (21.5 lb) of

1142:, a "Not Yet Explored" USPS stamp, and two copies of the 1060: 763: 723: 18475: 12510: 12441:

Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41

8914:"The View from New Horizons: A Full Day on Pluto-Charon" 7891:(Press release). Johns Hopkins APL. September 27, 2007. 7889:"Maneuver Puts New Horizons on a Straight Path to Pluto" 6802:"New Frontiers Program: New Horizons Science Objectives" 5808:"Beyond Pluto: 2nd Target Chosen for New Horizons Probe" 4065:

was 40.9 AU from Earth, a calibration image of the

2976:

using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (

2520:

maneuvering toward Pluto and other Kuiper belt objects.

19157: 15342:

List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces

8163:. Johns Hopkins APL. September 26, 2006. Archived from 7915:"Course Correction Keeps New Horizons on Path to Pluto" 7154:. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. 6187: 4313:

trajectory from January 19, 2006, to December 30, 2030

2952:, exactly 25 years after the planet was visited by the 2242:

The Radio Science Experiment (REX) used an ultrastable

2046:

that is one of two photographic instruments comprising

1681: 1231:

Search for rings and additional satellites around Pluto

1205:

Specifically, the mission's science objectives are to:

15337:

List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft

11204:. Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Center. Archived from 8222:. Johns Hopkins APL. February 28, 2007. Archived from 7125:"Pluto Probe Suffers Glitch 10 Days Before Epic Flyby" 6263:"NASA Selects Pluto-Kuiper Belt Mission Phase B Study" 4139:(2017, 2018). It also observed Neptune's largest moon 3992:(PT3). By the fall of 2014, a possible fourth target, 3951:

Once sufficient orbital information was provided, the

3884:

would be found was estimated beforehand at about 95%.

3719:

By March 30, 2016, about nine months after the flyby,

3183:

Map chemical compositions of Pluto and Charon surfaces

3171:

could indirectly detect magnetic fields around Pluto.

2256:

Principal investigators: Len Tyler and Ivan Linscott,

948:

for NASA, which had successfully entered orbit around

22993: 13416: 11286: 9700: 9698: 9671: 9669: 8862:"New Horizons Begins First Stages of Pluto Encounter" 7664:"New Horizons launches on voyage to Pluto and beyond" 7573:"NASA'S Pluto Space Probe Begins Launch Preparations" 6927:"Argonne Lab is developing battery for NASA missions" 6601:"New Horizons launches on voyage to Pluto and beyond" 6340:"Departments of Space Studies & Space Operations" 5929: 5354:"Alan Stern: principal investigator for New Horizons" 5116: 4802:

from the Solar System and reached Jupiter before the

4715:(59,000 km/h; 37,000 mph), plus additional 2148:

spacecraft. Ralph was named after Alice's husband on

15203: 11891:

at the NASA Planetary Data System, Small Bodies Node

11882:

at the NASA Planetary Data System, Small Bodies Node

11582:. Johns Hopkins APL. August 17, 2006. Archived from 11390:"New Horizons planning additional extended missions" 11026:"New Horizons prepares for encounter with 2014 MU69" 10171:"New Horizons HST KBO Search Results: Status Report" 9646:"NASA's New Horizons Reaches a Rare Space Milestone" 9604: 9602: 9600: 9232:"Pluto: New Horizons probe makes contact with Earth" 9021:"New Horizons to Encounter KBO Ahead of Pluto Flyby" 8840:"New Horizons Commanded into Last Pre-Pluto Slumber" 7779:"Damage prompts booster replacement for Pluto probe" 7410:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 155–187. 7191: 7149: 6267:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

6235:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

6203:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

4875:

Distant view of Cape Canaveral during the launch of

4599:

saw a sky ten times darker than the sky seen by the

2084:

In August 2018, NASA confirmed, based on results by

1889:

images. These public images do not contain the full

934:

However, the APL, in addition to being supported by

784:. This "wall" was first detected in 1992 by the two 11684:Guo, Yanping; Farquhar, Robert W. (February 2005). 10991:"New Horizons Wakes for Historic Kuiper Belt Flyby" 10860:

Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

10814: 10395:

Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

9569: 9567: 9565: 9198:

Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

8736:. Johns Hopkins APL. August 7, 2014. Archived from 7618:"Launch of NASA's Pluto Probe Delayed for 24 Hours" 7179:"New Horizons: Spacecraft survives Pluto encounter" 6124:

American Association for the Advancement of Science

5765: 5763: 4997:

List of artificial objects leaving the Solar System

2937:team eventually decided that they would not target 1673:. No impact on the subsequent mission was expected. 1081:. The Naval Observatory itself is not far from the 16065: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10052: 9695: 9666: 9083:"New Horizons Team Responds to Spacecraft Anomaly" 9050:Brown, Dwayne; Buckley, Michael (April 29, 2015). 8397:New Horizons Commanded into Last Pre-Pluto Slumber 8179: 8110:. Johns Hopkins APL. June 15, 2006. Archived from 8084:. International Astronomical Union. Archived from 8005:. Johns Hopkins APL. April 7, 2006. Archived from 7917:(Press release). Johns Hopkins APL. July 1, 2010. 7865:. Johns Hopkins APL. March 9, 2006. Archived from 7522:41st Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 7303:"Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager on New Horizons" 6748:New Horizons: Pluto map shows 'whale' of a feature 6428: 6426: 6424: 6405:(Press release). Johns Hopkins APL. Archived from 6399:"Pluto's Two Small Moons Christened Nix and Hydra" 6147: 6145: 5148: 4444:Searching for and studying any satellites or rings 3931:objects, and thus were very different from Pluto. 2926:would have been bright enough to be detectable by 2864: 1614:at the Materials and Fuels Complex, a part of the 1458: 1354:spacecraft, which in turn had heritage from APL's 942:were at an advantage; they had recently developed 938:developers at the Goddard Space Flight Center and 738:then maneuvered for a flyby of Kuiper belt object 149:Elapsed: 18 years, 8 months, 8 days 11610:"Derelict Booster to Beat Pluto Probe to Jupiter" 11176:"New Horizons Successfully Explores Ultima Thule" 10930: 10614: 10612: 10469: 9729: 9727: 9597: 9507: 9405: 9210: 8966:"New Horizons Spots Pluto's Faintest Known Moons" 8942:. Applied Physics Laboratory. February 18, 2015. 8916:. Applied Physics Laboratory. February 12, 2015. 8078:"JF56 Encounter, Encounter Date June 13, 2006 UT" 7810:"Spacecraft will carry memory of Sagamore native" 7600:"Winds Delay Launching for NASA Mission to Pluto" 7097: 5026:, a proposed trans-Neptunian object flyby mission 2246:(essentially a calibrated crystal in a miniature 2231: 1914: 865:scientist Robert Staehle called Pluto discoverer 23106: 11887:New Horizons: Kuiper Belt Extended Mission (KEM) 11048: 10878: 10526: 10524: 10443: 10429:Porter, Simon; et al. (December 11, 2017). 10023:Brown, Dwayne; Villard, Ray (October 15, 2014). 9966: 9562: 9513: 8890:. Applied Physics Laboratory. February 4, 2015. 8864:. Applied Physics Laboratory. January 15, 2015. 8798:Nally, Jonathan. "Ready for a Close Encounter". 8785:"NASA New Horizons (@NASANewHorizons) – Twitter" 8516: 8328: 8326: 8324: 7721: 7575:. SpaceDaily. September 27, 2005. Archived from 7356: 7354: 7352: 5760: 5626: 5434: 5432: 4464:The new mission began on October 22, 2015, when 4294:Animation of New Horizons' flyby of Arrokoth in 3704:and transmitting at full power, the signal from 3272:Map any additional surfaces of outermost moons: 3146:due to the spacecraft being pointed towards the 1825:rate of Pluto and its moons. The rated power is 689:speed; the flyby also enabled a general test of 10983: 10904: 10856:"New Horizons Files Flight Plan for 2019 Flyby" 10826:"New Horizons extended mission target selected" 10779: 10495: 10334: 10272: 10049: 9817: 9480: 7395:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 381. 7282: 7280: 7278: 6421: 6142: 5925: 5923: 5887: 5841:"NASA's New Horizons on new post-Pluto mission" 5727: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5535: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5164: 5162: 857:, eventually became the first mission to Pluto. 11773: 11639:Stern, Alan; Guo, Yanping (October 28, 2010). 11535:. Southwest Research Institute. September 2007 11445: 11116: 10955: 10609: 10016: 9960: 9759: 9724: 9229: 9213:"New Horizons "phones home" after Pluto flyby" 9043: 8573: 8571: 6489:"Pluto Mission to Carry Piece of SpaceShipOne" 5983: 5981: 5801: 5799: 5379: 5377: 5220: 5218: 4180:in July 2016 at a distance of about 14 AU 2646:passed millions of kilometers from any of the 1234:Conduct similar investigations of one or more 1187:gathered 5,000 times as much data at Pluto as 990:After an intense campaign to gain support for 891:in December 2000. Appointed as the project's 696:scientific capabilities, returning data about 22240: 21400: 20604: 19173: 18461: 17563: 17549: 17053: 16491: 16051: 15302: 14648: 14280: 13997: 13432: 13079: 13055: 12526: 11910: 11530:"New Horizons SOC to Instrument Pipeline ICD" 11226: 11074: 11019: 11017: 11015: 10712: 10679: 10550: 10521: 10233: 9535: 8842:. Applied Physics Laboratory. August 29, 2014 8777: 8417:"New Horizons Ventures Beyond Saturn's Orbit" 8321: 8247:"Pluto probe gets an eyeful in Jupiter flyby" 7863:"New Horizons Adjusts Course Towards Jupiter" 7349: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6101: 5429: 4482: 4029: 3803: 2903:, which was discovered shortly before by the 2884:"), which may host hundreds of bodies in 1:1 2782:of each year, with every fifth year labelled. 2364:, at 19:00 UTC on January 19, 2006. The 1936:Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) is a toroidal 975:, prompted Stern to lobby for the funding of 711:Most of the post-Jupiter voyage was spent in 596:. Engineered by the Johns Hopkins University 11869:(who consulted on the project) and the band 10886:"New Horizons Completes Targeting Maneuvers" 10750: 10748: 10533:"New Horizons Spies a Kuiper Belt Companion" 10022: 9331: 9111: 9049: 8994:. Applied Physics Laboratory. May 28, 2015. 8968:. Applied Physics Laboratory. May 12, 2015. 8334:"New Horizons Slips into Electronic Slumber" 7747: 7691: 7689: 7468: 7275: 6543: 6295:. Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. 5920: 5859: 5733: 5687: 5659: 5398: 5172:is expected to beat this record at its next 5159: 4784:artificial objects escaping the Solar System 3269:Map surface temperatures of Pluto and Charon 2904: 1228:Map surface temperatures on Pluto and Charon 1202:particles interact with Pluto's atmosphere? 983:, a prioritized "wish list,"compiled by the 11683: 11572: 10422: 10068:"Finally! New Horizons has a second target" 9791: 9257:. Cambridge University Press. p. 189. 8568: 8492: 8490: 8378:New Horizons Checks Out, Enters Hibernation 8100: 8049: 7939: 7645:"New Horizons Launched on its Way to Pluto" 7591: 6949:"Planetary Radio trivia question at 38m28s" 6155: 5978: 5832: 5796: 5568: 5458: 5374: 5348: 5306: 5215: 3358:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2178:Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter (VBSDC) 2100:that was first detected in 1992 by the two 1876:mirrors and metering structure are made of 1022: 22321:(lunar obiter, lander and rover; Jul 2019) 22247: 22233: 21407: 21393: 20611: 20597: 19552:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services 19180: 19166: 18468: 18454: 17556: 17542: 17060: 17046: 16498: 16484: 16058: 16044: 15309: 15295: 14655: 14641: 14287: 14273: 14004: 13990: 13439: 13425: 13086: 13072: 12533: 12519: 11917: 11903: 11729:Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 11651: 11641:"Where Is the New Horizons Centaur Stage?" 11603: 11601: 11280: 11023: 11012: 10820: 10653: 10165: 10062: 9905: 9514:Smith-Strickland, Kiona (March 30, 2016). 8278:"Spacecraft Surfs Jupiter's Magnetic Tail" 8132: 8052:"A Summer's Crossing of the Asteroid Belt" 7565: 7442: 7228: 6924: 6824: 6511: 6098: 4695:cameras have an active shutter mechanism. 4278: 3683:Soon after the Pluto flyby, in July 2015, 2428:In-flight tests and crossing of Mars orbit 1837:towards the end of the spacecraft's life. 1242: 1209:Map the surface compositions of Pluto and 99: 20446:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images 15826:(multiple flybys and sample return, 2026) 15739:(multiple flybys and sample return, 2025) 15009: 11657: 11318: 10745: 10644: 10239: 10128: 9899: 9640: 9638: 9542:Talbert, Tricia, ed. (October 27, 2016). 9377: 9368: 9298: 9254:Pluto: Sentinel of the Outer Solar System 8791: 8633:"2011 HM102: A new companion for Neptune" 8591: 8552:. Johns Hopkins APL. 2013. Archived from 8526:. Johns Hopkins APL. 2012. Archived from 8524:"New Horizons Doing Science in Its Sleep" 8500:. Johns Hopkins APL. 2013. Archived from 8471:. Johns Hopkins APL. 2012. Archived from 8445:. Johns Hopkins APL. 2011. Archived from 8419:. Johns Hopkins APL. 2008. Archived from 8336:. Johns Hopkins APL. 2007. Archived from 8214: 8212: 8210: 8208: 7686: 7642: 7610: 7242: 6974:"Pluto Probe Launch Scrubbed for Tuesday" 6940: 6871: 6772:"New Horizons Spacecraft and Instruments" 6719:"Solar System Exploration – New Horizons" 6659:. Nasa.gov. March 8, 2006. Archived from 6065: 5945: 5203:. NASA's Solar System Exploration website 3545: 3445:Pluto's "encounter hemisphere" viewed by 3422:Learn how and when to remove this message 3114: 2590:cameras, which were modified versions of 2411: 2186:VBSDC—Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter 1703:Communication with the spacecraft is via 1306:Learn how and when to remove this message 1023:close encounter with the Plutonian system 1003:became Mission Operations Manager (MOM). 979:in hopes of the mission appearing in the 11638: 11451: 11107:New Horizons: Ultima Thule is Dead Ahead 10407: 10368: 10340: 9869: 9341:"Phase Curves of Nix and Hydra from the 8687: 8550:"New Horizons Gets a New Year's Workout" 8487: 8461: 7807: 6925:Friederich, Steven (December 16, 2003). 6369:"Unabashedly Onward to the Ninth Planet" 5521:Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory 4843:, being processed a month before launch. 4702: 4609: 4559: 4393: 4301: 4282: 3891: 3842:In 2011, mission scientists started the 3829: 3774: 3670: 3508: 3467: 3154:data downlink took just over 15 months. 3118: 2963:Observations of Pluto and Charon 2013–14 2856:While in hibernation mode in July 2012, 2766: 2754:Photos of Jupiter system by New Horizons 2618:took detailed images of Jupiter's faint 2533: 2222:Principal investigator: Mihaly Horanyi, 2181: 2111: 1918: 1844: 1841:Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) 1771:(one primary, one backup) holding up to 1707:. The craft had a communication rate of 1685: 1540: 1322: 1318: 1246: 1165: 1010: 899:was based largely on Stern's work since 840: 766:. In August 2018, NASA cited results by 570: 20531:NASA International Space Apps Challenge 15219: 15025: 14317:List of geological features on Callisto 13116:List of geological features on Ganymede 11754: 11719: 11598: 11255: 10757:"New Horizons Explores the Kuiper Belt" 10530: 10439:from the original on December 21, 2021. 9541: 9171: 9015: 9013: 8690:"New Horizons: I Spy Pluto and Charon!" 8661: 8435: 8409: 7753: 7727: 7661: 7655: 7647:. The Planetary Society. Archived from 6589:from the original on December 13, 2010. 6045: 5987: 5805: 5784:from the original on September 26, 2015 5769: 5734:Jayawardhana, Ray (December 11, 2015). 5665: 5492:"New Horizons: NASA's Mission to Pluto" 5464: 5438: 5327:from the original on September 20, 2019 4819: 4587:Images taken by the LORRI camera while 4555: 3207:Image select Pluto and Charon areas in 2596:cameras, which, in turn, were modified 2510: 2475:First images of Pluto in September 2006 2322:for launch preparations. The launch of 1961:Principal investigator: David McComas, 1521:. Each unit contains three solid-state 985:United States National Research Council 734:. Having completed its flyby of Pluto, 23107: 19319:Administrator and Deputy Administrator 16465:Colonization of the outer Solar System 11774:Stern, Alan; Grinspoon, David (2018). 11251: 11249: 11036:from the original on February 20, 2018 11024:Lakdawalla, Emily (January 24, 2018). 10700:from the original on February 29, 2020 10557:Keeter, Bill, ed. (February 8, 2018). 10556: 10290:from the original on November 16, 2019 9635: 9611:"Spacecraft escaping the Solar System" 9486: 9080: 8630: 8577: 8205: 8126: 7973:"Pluto-Bound Probe Passes Mars' Orbit" 7921:from the original on November 13, 2014 7808:Schuster, Patrick (January 16, 2006). 7674:from the original on November 30, 2010 7475:Gipson, Lillian, ed. (June 23, 2017). 7474: 7390: 7176: 6637:from the original on February 17, 2015 6293:"Alice Bowman: APL's First Female MOM" 6260: 6227: 6209:from the original on December 31, 2015 6196: 6046:Talbert, Tricia (September 29, 2023). 5908:from the original on November 19, 2019 5410:Scharf, Caleb A. (February 25, 2013). 5409: 5224: 5176:in April 2019. Following several more 5048:, a cancelled NASA Pluto flyby mission 4451: 3658:Photos of Pluto system by New Horizons 2494:would pass close to the tiny asteroid 2439: 2165:, who died in January 2017 at age 50. 1908:Data: LORRI image search at jhuapl.edu 1606:oxide pellets. Each pellet is clad in 1579:by the time of its encounter with the 1403:affixed to the "front" flat side. The 1225:Search for an atmosphere around Charon 22926:(end of mission; Aug 2018 / Feb 2019) 22228: 22163:(enters interstellar space; Dec 2018) 22090:C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto) 21388: 20592: 20109:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite 19161: 18449: 17537: 17463:Planetary Defense Coordination Office 17458:Space Situational Awareness Programme 17067: 17041: 16479: 16301:Europa Jupiter System Mission-Laplace 16039: 15290: 15202: 15008: 14678: 14677: 14636: 14268: 14080:List of geological features on Europa 13985: 13420: 13067: 13054: 12514: 11898: 11720:Neufeld, Michael J. (November 2012). 11607: 11477: 11452:Kornfeld, Laurel (October 11, 2023). 11436: 11268:from the original on November 4, 2023 11156:from the original on October 25, 2015 11122: 11062:from the original on January 24, 2020 10961: 10836:from the original on October 18, 2015 10785: 10754: 10718: 10685: 10590:JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 10475: 10082:from the original on October 15, 2014 9969:"Pluto-Bound Spacecraft Faces Crisis" 9733: 9550:from the original on October 28, 2016 9444: 9426:from the original on January 18, 2018 9411: 9250: 8542: 8269: 8244: 7970: 7964: 7830: 7662:Harwood, William (January 19, 2006). 7598:Leary, Warren E. (January 17, 2006). 7597: 7448: 7405: 7158:from the original on November 1, 2019 6929:. Idaho State Journal. Archived from 6912:"New Horizons Systems and Components" 6830: 6434:"Mementos Headed to the Ninth Planet" 6317: 6071: 5893: 5866:Corum, Jomathan (February 10, 2019). 5865: 5847:from the original on October 28, 2015 5700: 5556:from the original on January 18, 2018 5541: 5344: 5342: 5312: 5087: 5002:List of missions to the outer planets 2762: 2603:was expected to transmit from Pluto. 2406: 1864:imager giving a resolution of 5 1559:radioisotope thermoelectric generator 1348:radioisotope thermoelectric generator 392:2,300,000 km (1,400,000 mi) 23160:Spacecraft launched by Atlas rockets 23150:Spacecraft escaping the Solar System 22761:(first-ever light from bh-bh merger) 22307:(solar sail demonstration; Jun 2019) 20682:(technology demonstration; Dec 2015) 20571: 12208: 11865:– Musical Tribute by astrophysicist 11856:– Best Places to Follow Future News. 11620:from the original on August 23, 2010 11182:from the original on January 1, 2019 11088:from the original on August 13, 2011 10918:from the original on January 5, 2016 10866:from the original on August 31, 2019 10719:Chang, Kenneth (December 30, 2018). 10686:Chang, Kenneth (December 31, 2018). 10659: 10597:from the original on August 13, 2011 10240:Stromberg, Joseph (April 14, 2015). 10134: 9704: 9675: 9010: 8643:from the original on October 9, 2014 8275: 7643:Alexander, Amir (January 19, 2006). 7636: 6761:– Science & Environment section) 6517: 6332: 6261:Savage, Donald (November 29, 2001). 6228:Savage, Donald (February 14, 2001). 6111: 5894:Chang, Kenneth (December 31, 2018). 5838: 5574: 5293:from the original on October 7, 2012 5060:Timeline of Solar System exploration 5056:, a proposed mission to fly by Pluto 3912:these objects were reachable within 3838:and other nearby Kuiper belt objects 3808: 3770: 3666: 3356:adding citations to reliable sources 3323: 3168: 2523: 2486:were not planned. After launch, the 1899:Principal investigator: Andy Cheng, 1699:, with some test equipment attached. 1682:Telecommunications and data handling 1519:miniature inertial measurement units 1288:adding citations to reliable sources 1259: 1183:Kuiper belt. "By way of comparison, 849:spacecraft. The mission, led by the 384:February 28, 2007, 05:43:40 UTC 15745:(multiple flybys and orbiter, 2028) 12242:Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter 11658:Hollingum, Ben (October 30, 2018). 11478:Koren, Marina (February 13, 2018). 11246: 10531:Talbert, Tricia (August 31, 2016). 10369:Gebhardt, Chris (January 3, 2017). 10341:Stockton, Nick (November 4, 2015). 9906:Lakdawalla, Emily (June 21, 2011). 9211:Lakdawalla, Emily (July 15, 2015). 8305:. Johns Hopkins APL. Archived from 8189:. Johns Hopkins APL. Archived from 7948:. Johns Hopkins APL. Archived from 7839:. Johns Hopkins APL. Archived from 7776: 7077:"The PI's Perspective: Trip Report" 7001:. Johns Hopkins APL. Archived from 6757:by Jonathan Amos, on July 8, 2015 ( 6495:. December 20, 2005. Archived from 6465:. Johns Hopkins APL. Archived from 6375:. Johns Hopkins/APL. Archived from 6002:from the original on April 13, 2020 5770:Talbert, Tricia (August 28, 2015). 5715:from the original on March 29, 2019 5701:Chang, Kenneth (October 28, 2016). 5465:Whitwam, Ryan (December 13, 2017). 5267:from the original on April 22, 2018 4410:486958 Arrokoth § Exploration 2265: 2192:Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter 1955:of any such instrument ever flown. 1598:", was originally a spare from the 1512:spacecraft) are used primarily for 1057:Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station 903:and involved most of the team from 535:Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter 13: 19225:National Aeronautics and Space Act 11840:National Space Science Data Center 11677: 11123:Clark, Stephen (January 6, 2018). 10788:"New Horizons: A Billion Miles to 10733:from the original on April 3, 2020 10408:McKinnon, Mika (August 28, 2015). 10322:from the original on March 3, 2016 10254:from the original on April 6, 2020 10112:. October 15, 2014. Archived from 10037:from the original on April 6, 2020 9918:from the original on June 14, 2012 9801:. Zooniverse. 2011. Archived from 9093:from the original on July 15, 2015 9031:from the original on June 29, 2015 8998:from the original on July 14, 2015 8972:from the original on July 12, 2015 8946:from the original on July 14, 2015 8920:from the original on July 14, 2015 8894:from the original on July 14, 2015 8868:from the original on July 14, 2015 8662:Northon, Karen (August 25, 2014). 8245:Malik, Tariq (February 28, 2007). 7895:from the original on July 25, 2008 7728:Neufeld, Michael (July 10, 2015). 7098:Los Angeles Times (July 6, 2015). 6980:. January 18, 2006. Archived from 6782:from the original on July 11, 2015 6729:from the original on July 11, 2015 6699:from the original on July 10, 2015 6273:from the original on March 8, 2011 6130:from the original on June 26, 2015 5820:from the original on July 12, 2019 5806:Cofield, Calla (August 28, 2015). 5748:from the original on July 10, 2018 5666:Cofield, Calia (August 24, 2016). 5647:from the original on June 17, 2019 5589:from the original on July 16, 2015 5339: 4907:launch from Cape Canaveral. (4:00) 4778:relative to the Sun is lower than 4447:Measuring or constraining the mass 3097: 2345:The probe finally lifted off from 2107: 1646:radiation-hardened version of the 1625: 1170:View of Mission Operations at the 1006: 456:January 1, 2019, 05:33:00 UTC 14: 23176: 22767:(first-ever "mass-gap" collision) 22254: 21414: 20618: 20179:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 19733:Commercial Lunar Payload Services 18430:List of extraterrestrial orbiters 15268:indicates active current missions 14667:Planetary Missions Program Office 11793: 11608:Malik, Tariq (January 26, 2006). 11437:Stern, Alan (December 11, 2018). 11256:Talbert, Tricia (July 10, 2020). 10660:Hope, Diane (December 12, 2023). 10221:from the original on May 12, 2015 10215:Space Telescope Science Institute 10178:Space Telescope Science Institute 9967:Witze, Alexandra (May 20, 2014). 9623:from the original on May 11, 2018 9153:from the original on July 6, 2015 9062:from the original on July 5, 2015 8797: 8723:, New Horizons NASA July 17, 2014 8688:Atkinson, Nancy (July 10, 2013). 8108:"New Horizons Tracks an Asteroid" 7940:Stern, Alan (February 27, 2006). 7300: 7044: 6946: 6657:"NASA – A 'State' of Exploration" 6611:from the original on June 7, 2011 6299:from the original on May 11, 2018 6086:from the original on July 3, 2018 5839:Dunn, Marcia (October 22, 2015). 5263:. International Launch Services. 4472: 4431:Measuring the surface temperature 4255:Photos of Kuiper belt objects by 3946:trajectory-adjustment fuel supply 2988: 1346:spacecraft, which also carried a 654:directly into an Earth-and-solar 23089: 23075: 23063: 23051: 23039: 23027: 23015: 23003: 22962: 22961: 22950: 22835: 22500: 22340: 22334: 22328: 22288: 22199: 22198: 22187: 22039: 21814: 21542: 21536: 21530: 21448: 21359: 21358: 21347: 21215: 20929: 20730: 20724: 20718: 20654: 20570: 20559: 20558: 20474:Apollo 15 postal covers incident 20232:Space Flight Operations Facility 19418:Operations and Checkout Building 18323:Double Asteroid Redirection Test 17020: 17010: 17009: 16569: 16333:Innovative Interstellar Explorer 16151: 15415: 15409: 15403: 15397: 15205:Solar System Exploration program 15068: 14847: 14457: 14097: 13774: 13255: 12816: 12810: 12804: 12497: 12496: 12222:Long Range Reconnaissance Imager 12191: 11924: 11755:Russell, Christopher T. (2009). 11632: 11547: 11522: 11497: 11471: 11430: 11408: 11382: 11356: 11344: 11220: 11194: 11168: 11142: 11100: 10938:"New Horizons: Current Position" 10848: 10755:Green, Jim (December 12, 2017). 10577: 10401: 10383: 10362: 10302: 10266: 10199: 10159: 10094: 10004: 9986: 9930: 9839: 9753: 9608: 9585:from the original on May 9, 2015 9466: 9438: 9412:Chang, Kenneth (July 14, 2015). 9278: 9244: 9230:Phipps, Claire (July 15, 2015). 9223: 9204: 9186: 9172:Feltman, Rachel (July 6, 2015). 9165: 9105: 9081:Gipson, Lillian (July 4, 2015). 9074: 8984: 8958: 8932: 8906: 8880: 8854: 8832: 8814: 8752: 8726: 8707: 8681: 8655: 8624: 8390: 8371: 8352: 8295: 8238: 8153: 8133:K. Beisser (November 28, 2006). 8070: 8043: 7831:Stern, Alan (January 31, 2006). 7777:Ray, Justin (November 2, 2005). 7697:"New Horizons: Mission Overview" 7449:David, Leonard (July 11, 2015). 5988:Letzter, Rafi (August 9, 2018). 5542:Chang, Kenneth (July 14, 2015). 5439:Dvorsky, George (June 9, 2015). 5313:Chang, Kenneth (July 18, 2015). 5104: 4948: 4923: 4884: 4868: 4857:Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 41 4848: 4828: 4676:team has been using time on the 4539: 4486:on June 5, 2018 (06:12 UTC 4248: 4224: 4201: 4185: 4170: 4155: 4149:Extended mission imaging targets 4006: 3887: 3651: 3636: 3622: 3608: 3594: 3580: 3454: 3438: 3328: 3319: 3256:Search for any Charon atmosphere 3006: 2997: 2747: 2731: 2716: 2701: 2682: 2468: 2448: 2351:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station 2294: 2285: 2154:, and was designed after Alice. 1855:Long Range Reconnaissance Imager 1264: 1101:International Astronomical Union 981:Planetary Science Decadal Survey 919:, led by principal investigator 722:On July 14, 2015, at 11:49 645:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station 544: 495:Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager 487:Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer 432:July 14, 2015, 12:02:22 UTC 408:July 14, 2015, 11:49:57 UTC 364:101,867 km (63,297 mi) 147:Primary mission: 9.5 years 36: 21497:(solar space mission; Aug 2018) 19693:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program 15513:International Cometary Explorer 15274:indicate missions yet to launch 13121:List of quadrangles on Ganymede 11713:10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.05.076 11227:Leonard David (July 14, 2022). 10786:Stern, Alan (October 1, 2015). 10135:Wall, Mike (October 15, 2014). 9883:. June 21, 2011. Archived from 9575:"New Horizons Current Position" 8631:Parker, Alex (April 30, 2013). 8013: 7995: 7933: 7907: 7881: 7855: 7824: 7801: 7770: 7551:"Destination: Pluto and Beyond" 7543: 7509: 7495: 7414: 7399: 7384: 7319: 7294: 7222: 7216:10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.01.012 7185: 7170: 7117: 7091: 7069: 7038: 7020: 6988: 6966: 6918: 6904: 6851: 6794: 6764: 6741: 6711: 6675: 6649: 6623: 6593: 6571: 6559:. Robert Pearlman. July 7, 2015 6481: 6451: 6391: 6361: 6311: 6285: 6254: 6221: 6197:Savage, Donald (June 6, 2001). 6039: 6014: 5601: 5509: 5484: 5225:Cleary, Mark C. (August 2010). 4707:Speed and distance from the Sun 4438:and dwarf planets such as Pluto 4414: 3970:(later 486958 Arrokoth) (PT1), 3787:with the Kuiper belt in between 3200:Secondary objectives (expected) 3023:photographed on April 9, 2015, 2933:LORRI instrument; however, the 2865:Possible Neptune trojan targets 2637: 2515:The first images of Pluto from 2161:, the Ralph program manager at 1459:Propulsion and attitude control 1275:needs additional citations for 1247: 782:outer edges of the Solar System 776:to confirm the existence of a " 663:. After a brief encounter with 440:29,431 km (18,288 mi) 23099:", NPR, aired January 2, 2019. 16717:Jupiter-crossing minor planets 16316:Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter 15832:(spacecraft refueling concept) 14582:Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter 13941:Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter 11580:"New Horizons Salutes Voyager" 11202:"New Horizons Data Collection" 10947:. June 6, 2018. Archived from 9786:Pluto-bound probe faces crisis 9487:Rienzi, Greg (July 17, 2015). 8800:Australian Sky & Telescope 8734:"A Moon over Pluto (Close up)" 7261:10.1016/j.physletb.2007.11.067 7177:Rincon, Paul (July 15, 2015). 6349:. Southwest Research Institute 5575:Dunn, Marcia (July 14, 2015). 5412:"The Fastest Spacecraft Ever?" 5279: 5253: 5193: 4109:was observed from afar by the 3860:Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope 3571:Satellites of Pluto imaged by 3186:Characterize the neutral (non- 2232:Radio Science Experiment (REX) 2224:University of Colorado Boulder 2000:able to differentiate between 1915:Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) 1816: 1059:through Headquarters NASA and 917:University of Colorado Boulder 416:12,500 km (7,800 mi) 237:January 19, 2006, 19:00:00.221 111: 1: 23155:Space probes launched in 2006 20701:(weather satellite; Feb 2015) 20676:(weather satellite; Jan 2015) 11353:CollectSpace, April 15, 2021. 10962:Grush, Loren (June 5, 2018). 10625:The Planetary Science Journal 10476:Gough, Evan (June 13, 2016). 9825:"IceHunters project complete" 9734:Grush, Loren (July 1, 2016). 9705:Wall, Mike (April 25, 2016). 9445:Boyle, Alan (July 14, 2015). 9112:Klotz, Irene (July 5, 2015). 8276:Than, Ker (October 9, 2007). 7754:Granath, Bob (July 2, 2015). 6318:Knapp, Alex (July 14, 2015). 6156:Christopher, Russell (2009). 5187: 4753:by Jupiter and Saturn. When 4521:at which point the probe was 3825: 3293:Tertiary objectives (desired) 3176:Primary objectives (required) 3157: 2538:Infrared image of Jupiter by 2031:Alice (spacecraft instrument) 1447:with attached radiators, and 464:3,500 km (2,200 mi) 356:June 13, 2006, 04:05 UTC 280:International Launch Services 21:New Horizons (disambiguation) 22977:Category:2020 in outer space 22972:Category:2019 in outer space 22967:Category:2018 in outer space 21374:Category:2016 in outer space 21369:Category:2015 in outer space 21364:Category:2014 in outer space 20511:Space program on U.S. stamps 20436:Gemini and Apollo medallions 20386:Solar System Family Portrait 20162:Joint Polar Satellite System 20031:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 19285:Vision for Space Exploration 19255:Space Exploration Initiative 17657:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 17433:Japan Spaceguard Association 17176:Earth-crossing minor planets 17133:Potentially hazardous object 15788:(multiple flybys, 2026–2029) 14294: 13093: 12315:Southwest Research Institute 10180:. p. 23. Archived from 10013:spacenews.com June 25, 2014. 9944:. Zooniverse. Archived from 8359:New Horizons Earns a Holiday 8050:Stern, Alan (June 1, 2006). 6806:NASA – New Frontiers Program 6518:Betz, Eric (June 26, 2015). 6112:Hand, Eric (June 25, 2015). 5933:Geophysical Research Letters 4992:Exploration of dwarf planets 4859:, with the Atlas V carrying 4800:hyperbolic escape trajectory 3692:at its distance of 4.5 3167:on the spacecraft. Instead, 3134:The closest approach of the 2869:Other possible targets were 2384:The probe was launched by a 2096:" at the outer edges of the 1963:Southwest Research Institute 1085:where Pluto was discovered. 1034:Southwest Research Institute 923:, and supported by the JPL, 602:Southwest Research Institute 7: 23145:Radio frequency propagation 21952:Hyperion proto-supercluster 20707:(space telescope; Sep 2015) 20506:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame 20463:We choose to go to the Moon 20426:Apollo 11 goodwill messages 19984:International Space Station 19964:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 19703:Great Observatories program 19547:International Space Station 19525:Roscosmos State Corporation 19442:Science Mission Directorate 19388:Manned Space Flight Network 18420:List of Solar System probes 17523:Fiction about impact events 16505: 14322:List of craters on Callisto 13126:List of craters on Ganymede 12300:Goddard Space Flight Center 9676:Wall, Mike (July 1, 2016). 9521:Air & Space/Smithsonian 7971:Malik, T. (April 7, 2006). 4974: 4941:released September 18, 2015 4593:cosmic microwave background 4011:On August 28, 2015, 486958 2500:average Earth-Moon distance 2119:—telescope and color camera 1630:The spacecraft carries two 1253:An interactive 3D model of 1126: 1103:(IAU). Some members of the 807:) from Earth and 59.3 604:(SwRI), with a team led by 184:478 kg (1,054 lb) 10: 23181: 21335:orbit insertion; Dec 2015) 21311:(end of mission; Apr 2015) 21303:orbit insertion; Mar 2015) 21160:1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5 20323:NASA cameras on spacecraft 20134:James Webb Space Telescope 20046:Solar Dynamics Observatory 19267:U.S. National Space Policy 16918:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer 16214:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer 15814:(nuclear impactor concept) 14531:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer 14177:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer 14011: 13899:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer 13342:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer 12290:Applied Physics Laboratory 11828:Planetary Science Division 11816:Applied Physics Laboratory 11741:10.1525/hsns.2014.44.3.234 11645:Applied Physics Laboratory 10998:Applied Physics Laboratory 10945:Applied Physics Laboratory 10507:Applied Physics Laboratory 10110:Applied Physics Laboratory 9579:Applied Physics Laboratory 9495:. Johns Hopkins University 8719:November 13, 2014, at the 8610:10.1088/0004-6256/145/4/96 8402:November 13, 2014, at the 8383:November 13, 2014, at the 8364:November 13, 2014, at the 8187:"Jupiter Encounter Begins" 7301:Cheng, A. F.; et al. 5392:Applied Physics Laboratory 4814: 4743:hyperbolic excess velocity 4407: 4061:On December 5, 2017, when 4030:Observations of other KBOs 3959:to the three target KBOs: 3804:Kuiper belt object mission 3726:Applied Physics Laboratory 2527: 2269: 2235: 2122: 2028: 1974: 1929: 1901:Applied Physics Laboratory 1852: 1426:errors caused by radiation 1172:Applied Physics Laboratory 1015:An artist's impression of 881:Applied Physics Laboratory 851:Applied Physics Laboratory 834: 830: 768: 598:Applied Physics Laboratory 586:interplanetary space probe 575:New Horizons before launch 18: 23140:Missions to minor planets 22945: 22884: 22833: 22714: 22496: 22384:Asteroid close approaches 22373: 22349: 22326: 22282: 22260: 22182: 22103: 22037: 22006: 21915: 21810: 21585:Asteroid close approaches 21574: 21551: 21528: 21442: 21420: 21342: 21275: 21262:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko 21213: 21122: 20925: 20778:Asteroid close approaches 20767: 20739: 20716: 20689: 20664: 20650: 20624: 20554: 20454: 20331: 20246: 20191: 20154: 19953: 19763: 19750: 19680: 19594: 19584: 19539: 19465: 19454: 19398:Vehicle Assembly Building 19306: 19205: 19195: 19143: 19030: 19004: 18946: 18878: 18848: 18732: 18678: 18647: 18597: 18558: 18521: 18500: 18415: 18301: 18067: 17933: 17922: 17893: 17840: 17775: 17692: 17604: 17583: 17572: 17505: 17471: 17453:The Spaceguard Foundation 17420: 17326: 17199: 17171:Asteroid close approaches 17149:Asteroid impact avoidance 17141: 17075: 17005: 16984: 16935: 16910: 16822: 16804: 16790: 16778:2016 Jupiter impact event 16773:2010 Jupiter impact event 16768:2009 Jupiter impact event 16753: 16730: 16709: 16702: 16651: 16618: 16587: 16578: 16567: 16526: 16513: 16460:Missions to outer planets 16393: 16348:Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter 16284: 16251: 16224: 16205: 16186: 16160: 16149: 16077: 16022: 15985:Small Solar System bodies 15963:Colonization of asteroids 15940: 15867:Asteroid Redirect Mission 15847: 15758: 15710: 15675: 15654: 15594: 15561: 15431: 15424: 15395: 15350: 15332: 15261: 15215: 15211: 15198: 15130: 15084: 15077: 15066: 15021: 15017: 15004: 14926: 14863: 14856: 14845: 14796: 14697: 14690: 14686: 14673: 14594: 14577:Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter 14569: 14540: 14473: 14466: 14455: 14435: 14330: 14309: 14302: 14241: 14219:Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter 14196: 14169: 14113: 14106: 14095: 14085:List of craters on Europa 14067: 14044: 14028: 14019: 13958: 13931:Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter 13923: 13907: 13884: 13866: 13792: 13783: 13772: 13754: 13738: 13689: 13673: 13640: 13494: 13463: 13454: 13393: 13376:Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter 13363: 13334: 13271: 13264: 13253: 13235: 13219: 13203: 13187: 13134: 13108: 13101: 13061: 13056:Links to related articles 13022: 12977: 12939: 12913: 12892: 12885: 12865: 12825: 12802: 12784: 12768: 12750: 12734: 12686: 12586: 12571: 12548: 12540: 12494: 12459: 12403: 12333: 12305:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 12282: 12275: 12255: 12207: 12200: 12189: 12128: 12006: 11975: 11968: 11934: 11058:. NASA. August 28, 2018. 9788:(nature.com May 20, 2014) 9349:The Astrophysical Journal 9317:10.1007/s11214-018-0507-4 9251:Jones, Barrie W. (2010). 8137:. JHU/APL. Archived from 6890:10.1007/s11214-008-9374-8 6686:(PowerPoint Presentation) 6459:"Send Your Name to Pluto" 5703:"No More Data From Pluto" 5585:. Associated Press (AP). 4965:released December 5, 2015 4914: 4798:third stage is also on a 4436:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko 4192:Calibration image of the 3700:at 7 GHz. Using the 3235:molecular neutral species 2276: 2201:polyvinylidene difluoride 1926:– Solar Wind Around Pluto 1616:Idaho National Laboratory 1473:. Additional post launch 1218:Characterize the neutral 1144:Flag of the United States 1099:as a dwarf planet by the 845:Early concept art of the 819:; 5.51 billion 803:; 5.42 billion 758:; 4.03 billion 543: 531: 523: 515: 507: 499: 491: 483: 476: 472: 468: 460: 452: 444: 436: 428: 420: 412: 404: 396: 388: 380: 368: 360: 352: 340: 336: 332: 318: 308: 298: 293: 289: 285: 275: 262: 249: 233: 228: 224: 220: 212: 204: 200:30.4 kg (67 lb) 196: 192:401 kg (884 lb) 188: 180: 166: 161: 157: 153: 143: 121: 108: 87: 77: 62: 58: 50: 35: 22301:(lunar lander; Feb 2019) 22136:(Mars landing; Oct 2018) 21933:MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1 21155:WISE J224607.57−052635.0 20469:Apollo 8 Genesis reading 20393:The Day the Earth Smiled 19728:Solar Terrestrial Probes 19187: 18435:List of space telescopes 17518:Fiction about meteoroids 17397:Sentinel Space Telescope 16411:Magnetosphere of Jupiter 16311:Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter 14075:List of lineae on Europa 13371:Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter 12905:IAU definition of planet 11662:. Guinness World Records 10995:Johns Hopkins University 10942:Johns Hopkins University 9942:New Horizons Ice Hunters 9370:10.3847/2041-8213/aaa486 8580:The Astronomical Journal 8368:JHUAPL December 19, 2008 6837:. Springer. p. 35. 6579:"To Pluto, With Postage" 6072:Sobel, Dava (May 1993). 6022:"Where Is New Horizons?" 5287:"HORIZONS Web-Interface" 5080: 4698: 4663: 4508: 4296:Eyes on the Solar System 4130:(2016, 2017, 2019), and 3957:provisional designations 3854:in Chile, the 8.2-meter 3738:heading in the direction 3488:Eyes on the Solar System 2272:Timeline of New Horizons 2024: 1575:every year, decaying to 1536: 967:, was not supportive of 929:University of California 877:Stamatios "Tom" Krimigis 519:Radio Science Experiment 21957:2MASS J18082002−5104378 21461:(lunar flyby; Apr 2018) 20526:Other primates in space 20238:Deep Space Atomic Clock 20058:Mars Science Laboratory 19846:Spitzer Space Telescope 19435:Lunar Sample Laboratory 19378:Launch Services Program 17154:Asteroid laser ablation 17027:Solar System portal 15774:(flyby of Pallas, 2022) 15733:(multiple flybys, 2025) 14229:Laplace-P/Europa Lander 10763:: 12–15. Archived from 10211:HubbleSite news release 9760:Chris Gebhardt (2015). 7942:"Boulder and Baltimore" 7327:"Science Photos: LORRI" 6831:Moore, Patrick (2010). 5261:"Atlas Launch Archives" 4839:rocket, used to launch 4776:specific orbital energy 4770:relative to the Sun at 4279:Encounter with Arrokoth 3844:New Horizons KBO Search 3517:region on July 14, 2015 2905:New Horizons KBO Search 2812:After passing Jupiter, 2798:third-angle projections 2673:Jovian moons imaged by 1849:LORRI—long-range camera 1728:dual modular redundancy 1724:NASA Deep Space Network 1424:, reducing electronics 1243:Design and construction 1161: 1049:Howard County, Maryland 698:the planet's atmosphere 503:Solar Wind Around Pluto 23165:Nuclear-powered robots 22957:Outer space portal 22900:; Dec 2018 / Jan 2019) 22194:Outer space portal 22175:; Dec 2018 / Jan 2019) 21354:Outer space portal 21291:; Nov 2014 / Mar 2015) 21196:(first observation of 20541:National Astronaut Day 20484:The Astronaut Monument 20306:Space Shuttle missions 20006:Mars Exploration Rover 19989:Hubble Space Telescope 19898:Kepler space telescope 19698:Earth Observing System 19672:Mars Exploration Rover 19383:Mercury Control Center 17093:Earth-grazing fireball 16763:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 16401:Exploration of Jupiter 16306:Jupiter Europa Orbiter 15995:Trans-Neptunian object 14821:Moon Mineralogy Mapper 14204:Jupiter Europa Orbiter 13936:Jupiter Europa Orbiter 13674:Lava flows or channels 13446: 13005:Trans-Neptunian object 12706:Coleta de Dados Colles 12467:Hubble Space Telescope 12325:University of Colorado 11299:. NASA. Archived from 10561:. NASA. Archived from 10072:Planetary Society blog 9847:"Ice Hunters web site" 8406:JHUAPL August 29, 2014 8387:JHUAPL August 28, 2009 7479:. NASA. Archived from 7391:McNutt, Ralph (2009). 5736:"Give It Up for Pluto" 5150: 4762:at that distance. The 4708: 4621: 4601:Hubble Space Telescope 4565: 4405: 4391: 4299: 3897: 3877:Hubble Space Telescope 3839: 3788: 3779:Big picture: from the 3680: 3546:Satellite observations 3518: 3491: 3303:Search for additional 3131: 3115:Pluto system encounter 3031:and on June 29, 2015, 2809: 2772:Heliocentric positions 2608:atmospheric conditions 2542: 2530:Exploration of Jupiter 2412:Trajectory corrections 2187: 2120: 1938:electrostatic analyzer 1927: 1850: 1700: 1554: 1335: 1257: 1179: 1075:the outer Solar System 1025: 893:principal investigator 858: 588:launched as a part of 576: 23125:New Frontiers program 22085:C/2018 F4 (PanSTARRS) 21241:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS) 20749:2015 Kerala meteoroid 20489:Lunar sample displays 20479:Space Mirror Memorial 20421:Voyager Golden Record 20313:United States rockets 19505: (with the 19413:Launch Control Center 18383:Peregrine Mission One 17927:(by termination date) 17702:Emirates Mars Mission 17577:(deep space missions) 16406:Atmosphere of Jupiter 16343:Jovian Europa Orbiter 15011:New Frontiers program 14934:Enceladus Life Finder 14224:Jovian Europa Orbiter 13966:Io in popular culture 11959:New Frontiers program 11750:on September 7, 2015. 11030:The Planetary Society 10862:. September 6, 2017. 10830:The Planetary Society 10824:(September 1, 2015). 9912:The Planetary Society 9217:The Planetary Society 8637:The Planetary Society 8009:on February 13, 2015. 7483:on September 28, 2020 6984:on February 23, 2011. 6953:The Planetary Society 6860:Space Science Reviews 6778:. November 10, 2014. 6753:July 4, 2017, at the 6725:. February 27, 2015. 5517:"New Horizons – News" 5151: 5099:Spacecraft Event Time 4706: 4613: 4563: 4397: 4333: 486958 Arrokoth 4305: 4293: 4231:False-color image of 4208:False-color image of 4042:On November 2, 2015, 3929:classical Kuiper belt 3895: 3833: 3778: 3740:of the constellation 3674: 3512: 3478: 3223:Characterize Pluto's 3122: 3054:to aim the approach. 2948:crossed the orbit of 2832:on June 8, 2008, and 2828:crossed the orbit of 2770: 2537: 2390:solid rocket boosters 2212:counter is named for 2185: 2115: 1922: 1848: 1769:solid-state recorders 1732:circular polarization 1689: 1544: 1326: 1319:Spacecraft subsystems 1252: 1169: 1014: 844: 639:On January 19, 2006, 594:New Frontiers program 574: 162:Spacecraft properties 22916:far side of the Moon 20754:2015 Thailand bolide 20652:Space probe launches 19507:Soviet space program 19425:Johnson Space Center 19393:Kennedy Space Center 19356:spinoff technologies 18484:Orbital launches in 18425:List of lunar probes 18012:Mars Global Surveyor 17924:Completed after 2000 17438:Meteoritical Society 16561:Jupiter's South Pole 16556:Jupiter's North Pole 13924:Cancelled / Concepts 12900:Definition of planet 12893:Official definitions 12663:Tombaugh "The Heart" 12485:Pluto Kuiper Express 11945:Exploration of Pluto 11586:on November 13, 2014 11505:"About LORRI Images" 11418:. September 29, 2023 11396:. September 11, 2017 11208:on December 28, 2018 11152:. October 23, 2015. 10767:on December 13, 2017 10169:(October 15, 2014). 10066:(October 15, 2014). 9948:on December 11, 2014 8556:on November 13, 2014 8530:on November 13, 2014 8504:on November 13, 2014 8475:on November 13, 2014 8449:on November 13, 2014 8423:on November 13, 2014 8340:on November 13, 2014 8309:on November 13, 2014 8303:"Capturing Callisto" 8257:on December 13, 2013 8226:on November 13, 2014 8193:on November 13, 2014 8167:on September 7, 2008 8141:on November 13, 2014 8114:on November 13, 2014 8058:on November 13, 2014 7983:on November 27, 2011 7952:on September 1, 2006 7946:The PI's Perspective 7869:on November 13, 2014 7837:The PI's Perspective 7709:on September 9, 2016 7579:on December 31, 2009 7406:Stern, Alan (2008). 7288:"About LORRI Images" 7008:on November 13, 2014 6933:on January 19, 2004. 6607:. January 19, 2006. 6585:. October 28, 2008. 6499:on December 24, 2010 6469:on November 13, 2014 6463:New Horizons website 6403:New Horizons website 6379:on November 13, 2014 6373:New Horizons website 5964:10.1029/2018GL078808 5843:. Associated Press. 5114: 5045:Pluto Kuiper Express 4987:Exploration of Pluto 4879:on January 19, 2006. 4820:Images of the launch 4556:Post-Arrokoth events 4260:at Wikimedia Commons 4194:Wishing Well cluster 4084:). Two hours later, 4067:Wishing Well cluster 3690:free-space path loss 3660:at Wikimedia Commons 3352:improve this section 3266:for Pluto and Charon 2756:at Wikimedia Commons 2511:First Pluto sighting 2357:, directly south of 2320:C-17 Globemaster III 2125:Ralph (New Horizons) 1751:Cassegrain reflector 1612:Department of Energy 1397:7075 aluminium alloy 1395:, hollow bodies.) A 1375:bodies, whereas the 1332:Kennedy Space Center 1284:improve this article 936:Pluto Kuiper Express 905:Pluto Kuiper Express 837:Exploration of Pluto 632:needed to leave the 23135:Missions to Jupiter 22866:138P/Shoemaker–Levy 22846:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto) 22771:J043947.08+163415.7 22214:2019 in outer space 22209:2018 in outer space 22204:2017 in outer space 21944:541132 Leleākūhonua 21231:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) 21198:gravitational waves 21180:541132 Leleākūhonua 20691:Space observatories 20516:Apollo 17 Moon mice 20372:Pillars of Creation 20279:Space Shuttle crews 19757:(human and robotic) 19751:Individual featured 19334:Ranks and positions 17574:Active space probes 17342:Catalina Sky Survey 16957:Io Volcano Observer 16385:Tsiolkovsky mission 16338:Io Volcano Observer 16067:Spacecraft missions 15830:World Is Not Enough 15318:Spacecraft missions 14911:Io Volcano Observer 14879:Titan Mare Explorer 14602:Callisto in fiction 13915:Io Volcano Observer 13755:Plains and plateaus 13401:Ganymede in fiction 12931:Neil deGrasse Tyson 12320:Stanford University 11705:2005AcAau..56..421G 11458:SpaceFlight Insider 11370:. December 21, 2018 11306:on January 21, 2021 10800:Sky & Telescope 10637:2022PSJ.....3...95V 10565:on December 8, 2021 10376:NASASpaceFlight.com 10147:on October 15, 2014 10116:on October 16, 2014 9998:nasaspaceflight.com 9361:2018ApJ...852L..35V 9309:2018SSRv..214...77S 9179:The Washington Post 8828:. December 6, 2014. 8602:2013AJ....145...96P 7843:on October 10, 2014 7530:2010LPI....41.1219P 7253:2008PhLB..659..483N 7208:2006AcAau..58..550G 7057:on October 17, 2015 6882:2008SSRv..140...23F 6530:Kalmbach Publishing 6409:on January 13, 2011 6164:Springer Publishing 5956:2018GeoRL..45.8022G 5416:Scientific American 5394:. January 16, 2007. 5352:(August 31, 2015). 4982:2006 in spaceflight 4550:kilobits per second 4452:Targeting maneuvers 3953:Minor Planet Center 3852:Magellan Telescopes 3763:On April 17, 2021, 3714:kilobits per second 3194:and its escape rate 3192:atmosphere of Pluto 2911:to find additional 2789:north ecliptic pole 2787:is viewed from the 2776:interstellar probes 2440:Asteroid 132524 APL 2330:inspections of the 2258:Stanford University 1932:SWAP (New Horizons) 1745:In addition to the 1739:traveling-wave tube 1330:in a clean room at 1222:and its escape rate 1220:atmosphere of Pluto 1069:is the lead on the 961:Bush administration 940:Stanford University 32: 22638:Proxima Centauri c 22155:arrival; Dec 2018) 22119:arrival; Jun 2018) 22080:38P/Stephan–Oterma 22060:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon) 22050:C/2017 T1 (Heinze) 21494:Parker Solar Probe 21246:C/2015 G2 (MASTER) 20318:NASA cancellations 20213:Deep Space Network 20203:Near Earth Network 19688:Living With a Star 19662:Project Prometheus 19642:Planetary Observer 18798:KUTESat Pathfinder 18348:Hakuto-R Mission 1 17894:Interstellar space 17591:Parker Solar Probe 17506:Related categories 16518:Outline of Jupiter 16455:Deep Space Network 16274:Interstellar Probe 16187:Atmospheric probes 15840:(flyby, 2030–2042) 15837:Interstellar Probe 14964:Mars Geyser Hopper 14907:Mission 15 and 16 13885:Planned / On-route 13746:Kanehekili Fluctus 12952:Lowell Observatory 12914:Scientist opinions 12451:Deep Space Network 11113:December 26, 2018. 11111:Sky and Telescope. 10892:. November 6, 2015 10726:The New York Times 10693:The New York Times 10646:10.3847/PSJ/ac63a6 10457:. December 7, 2015 10397:. August 15, 2015. 10276:(March 29, 2015). 9887:on October 5, 2012 9827:. Zooniverse. 2012 9419:The New York Times 9393:. October 23, 2015 8740:on August 26, 2016 7651:on March 18, 2012. 7624:. January 17, 2006 7604:The New York Times 7045:Voica, Alexandru. 5901:The New York Times 5873:The New York Times 5741:The New York Times 5708:The New York Times 5549:The New York Times 5523:. December 6, 2014 5320:The New York Times 5241:on January 3, 2020 5170:Parker Solar Probe 5146: 5093:Confirmation that 4764:Parker Solar Probe 4709: 4622: 4566: 4406: 4392: 4300: 4266:By December 2023, 4242:from December 2017 4219:from December 2017 4196:from December 2017 3898: 3858:in Hawaii and the 3856:Subaru Observatory 3840: 3789: 3781:inner Solar System 3710:Deep Space Network 3681: 3519: 3492: 3486:flyby of Pluto in 3239:molecular hydrogen 3132: 2819:Deep Space Network 2810: 2763:Outer Solar System 2543: 2407:Inner Solar System 2244:crystal oscillator 2238:REX (New Horizons) 2188: 2121: 2102:Voyager spacecraft 1928: 1851: 1701: 1657:operating system. 1555: 1336: 1258: 1180: 1083:Lowell Observatory 1026: 955:In November 2001, 859: 786:Voyager spacecraft 661:Parker Solar Probe 643:was launched from 577: 294:Orbital parameters 28: 23130:Missions to Pluto 23120:NASA space probes 22991: 22990: 22985: 22984: 22885:Space exploration 22856:168P/Hergenrother 22222: 22221: 22104:Space exploration 22075:64P/Swift–Gehrels 21887:(refuted in 2021) 21382: 21381: 21276:Space exploration 20714: 20713: 20586: 20585: 20499:stolen or missing 20296:uncrewed missions 20274:Apollo astronauts 20269:Gemini astronauts 20187: 20186: 19971:2001 Mars Odyssey 19746: 19745: 19622:Mars Surveyor '98 19580: 19579: 19523: (with 19456:Human spaceflight 19450: 19449: 19408:Launch Complex 48 19403:Launch Complex 39 19155: 19154: 18443: 18442: 18411: 18410: 17918: 17917: 17723:2001 Mars Odyssey 17531: 17530: 17472:Potential threats 17164:Ion-beam shepherd 17128:Near-Earth object 17108:Meteor procession 17069:Planetary defense 17035: 17034: 16980: 16979: 16786: 16785: 16698: 16697: 16473: 16472: 16252:Proposed missions 16033: 16032: 15990:Near-Earth object 15820:(multiple flybys) 15749:Comet Interceptor 15706: 15705: 15382:(multiple flybys) 15362:(multiple flybys) 15284: 15283: 15257: 15256: 15253: 15252: 15249: 15248: 15233:JUICE instruments 15194: 15193: 15190: 15189: 15186: 15185: 15064: 15063: 15000: 14999: 14996: 14995: 14992: 14991: 14886:Mission 13 and 14 14843: 14842: 14680:Discovery program 14630: 14629: 14590: 14589: 14453: 14452: 14262: 14261: 14254:Europa in fiction 14237: 14236: 14189: 14181: 14093: 14092: 13979: 13978: 13954: 13953: 13770: 13769: 13481:Volcanic Features 13414: 13413: 13389: 13388: 13251: 13250: 13048: 13047: 13018: 13017: 12800: 12799: 12701:Challenger Colles 12508: 12507: 12446: 12436: 12426: 12416: 12399: 12398: 12271: 12270: 12187: 12186: 11766:978-0-387-89517-8 11693:Acta Astronautica 10822:Lakdawalla, Emily 10076:Planetary Society 10064:Lakdawalla, Emily 8088:on August 5, 2007 8031:on April 26, 2006 7833:"Our Aim Is True" 7789:on April 24, 2011 7561:on June 19, 2014. 7337:on April 28, 2015 7231:Physics Letters B 7195:Acta Astronautica 7104:Los Angeles Times 6844:978-1-4419-6408-3 6812:on April 15, 2015 6173:978-0-387-89518-5 6166:. pp. 6, 7. 5144: 5133: 5122: 4958: 4934: 4892: 4741:attained greater 4291: 4253:Media related to 4105:The dwarf planet 3809:Target background 3771:Mission extension 3702:high gain antenna 3675:View of Pluto as 3667:Post-Pluto events 3656:Media related to 3531:radio occultation 3476: 3432: 3431: 3424: 3406: 3253:in the atmosphere 3102:On July 4, 2015, 2752:Media related to 2524:Jupiter encounter 2362:Launch Complex 39 2146:Earth Observing-1 1747:high-gain antenna 1316: 1315: 1308: 1134:Scaled Composites 1053:Boulder, Colorado 921:Larry W. Esposito 656:escape trajectory 626:fifth space probe 569: 568: 539: 538: 324:January 1, 2017 ( 23172: 23100: 23093: 23080: 23079: 23078: 23068: 23067: 23056: 23055: 23044: 23043: 23042: 23032: 23031: 23030: 23020: 23019: 23018: 23008: 23007: 23006: 22999: 22965: 22964: 22955: 22954: 22953: 22934:(departure from 22914:(landing on the 22896:(encounter with 22839: 22730: 22728: 22727: 22662:Teegarden's Star 22658:i (hypothesized) 22504: 22489: 22487: 22486: 22477: 22475: 22474: 22465: 22463: 22462: 22448: 22446: 22445: 22421: 22419: 22418: 22409: 22407: 22406: 22397: 22395: 22394: 22359:Kamchatka meteor 22344: 22338: 22332: 22292: 22249: 22242: 22235: 22226: 22225: 22202: 22201: 22192: 22191: 22190: 22171:(encounter with 22043: 21988: 21985: 21983: 21982: 21971: 21969: 21968: 21948: 21939:moons of Jupiter 21892:EPIC 211945201 b 21888: 21884:Barnard's Star b 21818: 21803: 21801: 21800: 21796:(163899) 2003 SD 21791: 21789: 21788: 21779: 21777: 21776: 21767: 21765: 21764: 21755: 21753: 21752: 21743: 21741: 21740: 21731: 21729: 21728: 21719: 21717: 21716: 21702: 21700: 21699: 21690: 21688: 21687: 21683:(505657) 2014 SR 21678: 21676: 21675: 21671:(276033) 2002 AJ 21656: 21654: 21653: 21634: 21632: 21631: 21622: 21620: 21619: 21610: 21608: 21607: 21598: 21596: 21595: 21566:Kamchatka meteor 21546: 21540: 21534: 21519:(mission to the 21469:(mission to the 21452: 21409: 21402: 21395: 21386: 21385: 21362: 21361: 21352: 21351: 21350: 21256: 21219: 21201: 21151: 21138: 21136: 21135: 20933: 20918: 20916: 20915: 20906: 20904: 20903: 20894: 20892: 20891: 20882: 20880: 20879: 20870: 20868: 20867: 20858: 20856: 20855: 20846: 20844: 20843: 20834: 20827: 20825: 20824: 20820:(523775) 2014 YB 20815: 20813: 20812: 20803: 20801: 20800: 20796:(357439) 2004 BL 20791: 20789: 20788: 20734: 20728: 20722: 20662: 20661: 20658: 20641: 20634: 20613: 20606: 20599: 20590: 20589: 20574: 20573: 20562: 20561: 20400:Fallen Astronaut 20041:Van Allen Probes 19761: 19760: 19667:Mars Exploration 19592: 19591: 19463: 19462: 19231:Space Task Group 19203: 19202: 19182: 19175: 19168: 19159: 19158: 18546: 18489: 18488: 18487: 18470: 18463: 18456: 18447: 18446: 17931: 17930: 17581: 17580: 17558: 17551: 17544: 17535: 17534: 17103:Meteor air burst 17062: 17055: 17048: 17039: 17038: 17025: 17024: 17023: 17013: 17012: 16920:(2023, en route) 16802: 16801: 16707: 16706: 16585: 16584: 16573: 16500: 16493: 16486: 16477: 16476: 16450:Rings of Jupiter 16416:Moons of Jupiter 16225:Planned missions 16155: 16060: 16053: 16046: 16037: 16036: 15953:Asteroid capture 15720:(orbiter, 2024) 15624:Rover-1A / HIBOU 15429: 15428: 15419: 15413: 15407: 15401: 15311: 15304: 15297: 15288: 15287: 15217: 15216: 15213: 15212: 15200: 15199: 15082: 15081: 15072: 15023: 15022: 15019: 15018: 15006: 15005: 14861: 14860: 14851: 14715:Lunar Prospector 14695: 14694: 14688: 14687: 14675: 14674: 14657: 14650: 14643: 14634: 14633: 14622:Moons of Jupiter 14562: 14554: 14471: 14470: 14461: 14307: 14306: 14289: 14282: 14275: 14266: 14265: 14187: 14179: 14111: 14110: 14101: 14026: 14025: 14006: 13999: 13992: 13983: 13982: 13790: 13789: 13778: 13777: 13461: 13460: 13441: 13434: 13427: 13418: 13417: 13356: 13346: 13269: 13268: 13259: 13258: 13106: 13105: 13088: 13081: 13074: 13065: 13064: 13052: 13051: 12926:Michael E. Brown 12890: 12889: 12820: 12814: 12808: 12742:Sputnik Planitia 12584: 12583: 12535: 12528: 12521: 12512: 12511: 12500: 12499: 12444: 12434: 12424: 12414: 12280: 12279: 12205: 12204: 12195: 12180: 12178: 12177: 12168: 12166: 12165: 12156: 12154: 12153: 12144: 12142: 12141: 12121: 12119: 12118: 12109: 12107: 12106: 12102:(556416) 2014 OE 12097: 12095: 12094: 12090:(516977) 2012 HZ 12085: 12083: 12082: 12078:(307261) 2002 MS 12043: 12041: 12040: 12031: 12029: 12028: 11973: 11972: 11919: 11912: 11905: 11896: 11895: 11789: 11770: 11751: 11749: 11743:. Archived from 11726: 11716: 11690: 11672: 11671: 11669: 11667: 11655: 11649: 11648: 11636: 11630: 11629: 11627: 11625: 11605: 11596: 11595: 11593: 11591: 11576: 11570: 11569: 11567: 11565: 11559:pluto.jhuapl.edu 11551: 11545: 11544: 11542: 11540: 11534: 11526: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11515: 11509:pluto.jhuapl.edu 11501: 11495: 11494: 11492: 11490: 11475: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11464: 11449: 11443: 11442: 11434: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11423: 11412: 11406: 11405: 11403: 11401: 11386: 11380: 11379: 11377: 11375: 11360: 11354: 11348: 11342: 11341: 11339: 11337: 11322: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11311: 11305: 11294: 11284: 11278: 11277: 11275: 11273: 11253: 11244: 11243: 11241: 11239: 11224: 11218: 11217: 11215: 11213: 11198: 11192: 11191: 11189: 11187: 11172: 11166: 11165: 11163: 11161: 11146: 11140: 11139: 11137: 11135: 11120: 11114: 11104: 11098: 11097: 11095: 11093: 11078: 11072: 11071: 11069: 11067: 11052: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11041: 11021: 11010: 11009: 11007: 11005: 10987: 10981: 10980: 10978: 10976: 10959: 10953: 10952: 10951:on June 7, 2018. 10934: 10928: 10927: 10925: 10923: 10908: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10897: 10882: 10876: 10875: 10873: 10871: 10852: 10846: 10845: 10843: 10841: 10818: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10807: 10794: 10790:(486958) 2014 MU 10783: 10777: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10752: 10743: 10742: 10740: 10738: 10716: 10710: 10709: 10707: 10705: 10683: 10677: 10676: 10674: 10672: 10657: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10616: 10607: 10606: 10604: 10602: 10581: 10575: 10574: 10572: 10570: 10554: 10548: 10547: 10545: 10543: 10528: 10519: 10518: 10516: 10514: 10499: 10493: 10492: 10490: 10488: 10473: 10467: 10466: 10464: 10462: 10447: 10441: 10440: 10426: 10420: 10419: 10405: 10399: 10398: 10387: 10381: 10380: 10366: 10360: 10359: 10357: 10355: 10338: 10332: 10331: 10329: 10327: 10321: 10314: 10306: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10295: 10270: 10264: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10237: 10231: 10230: 10228: 10226: 10217:. July 1, 2014. 10203: 10197: 10196: 10194: 10192: 10187:on July 27, 2015 10186: 10175: 10163: 10157: 10156: 10154: 10152: 10143:. Archived from 10132: 10126: 10125: 10123: 10121: 10108:. Johns Hopkins 10098: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10087: 10060: 10047: 10046: 10044: 10042: 10020: 10014: 10008: 10002: 10001: 10000:. June 16, 2014. 9990: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9938:"Confirmed KBOs" 9934: 9928: 9927: 9925: 9923: 9903: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9873: 9867: 9866: 9864: 9862: 9857:on July 21, 2012 9853:. Archived from 9843: 9837: 9836: 9834: 9832: 9821: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9795: 9789: 9783: 9774: 9773: 9771: 9769: 9757: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9746: 9731: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9717: 9702: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9673: 9664: 9663: 9661: 9659: 9654:. April 15, 2021 9642: 9633: 9632: 9630: 9628: 9606: 9595: 9594: 9592: 9590: 9571: 9560: 9559: 9557: 9555: 9539: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9511: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9484: 9478: 9477: 9470: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9459: 9442: 9436: 9435: 9433: 9431: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9381: 9375: 9374: 9372: 9345:Imaging Cameras" 9335: 9329: 9328: 9302: 9282: 9276: 9275: 9273: 9271: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9227: 9221: 9220: 9208: 9202: 9201: 9200:. July 14, 2015. 9190: 9184: 9183: 9169: 9163: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9149:. July 5, 2015. 9135: 9126: 9125: 9109: 9103: 9102: 9100: 9098: 9078: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9067: 9047: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9025:Americaspace.com 9017: 9008: 9007: 9005: 9003: 8988: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8962: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8936: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8925: 8910: 8904: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8884: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8873: 8858: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8847: 8836: 8830: 8829: 8818: 8812: 8811: 8795: 8789: 8788: 8781: 8775: 8774: 8772: 8770: 8764:ESO Announcement 8756: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8730: 8724: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8702: 8700: 8685: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8674: 8659: 8653: 8652: 8650: 8648: 8628: 8622: 8621: 8595: 8575: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8561: 8546: 8540: 8539: 8537: 8535: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8494: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8480: 8465: 8459: 8458: 8456: 8454: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8413: 8407: 8394: 8388: 8375: 8369: 8356: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8345: 8330: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8273: 8267: 8266: 8264: 8262: 8253:. Archived from 8242: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8231: 8216: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8198: 8183: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8157: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8146: 8130: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8074: 8068: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8047: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8017: 8011: 8010: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7979:. Archived from 7968: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7937: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7911: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7885: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7859: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7828: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7805: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7794: 7785:. Archived from 7774: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7751: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7740: 7725: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7708: 7701: 7693: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7659: 7653: 7652: 7640: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7614: 7608: 7607: 7595: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7557:. Archived from 7547: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7513: 7507: 7506: 7499: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7429:boulder.swri.edu 7426: 7418: 7412: 7411: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7377: 7368:. Archived from 7366:pluto.jhuapl.edu 7358: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7333:. Archived from 7323: 7317: 7316: 7315:on July 9, 2009. 7314: 7308:. Archived from 7307: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7284: 7273: 7272: 7246: 7226: 7220: 7219: 7189: 7183: 7182: 7174: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7147: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7073: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7053:. Archived from 7042: 7036: 7035: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7007: 7000: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6944: 6938: 6934: 6922: 6916: 6915: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6875: 6855: 6849: 6848: 6834:The Sky at Night 6828: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6808:. Archived from 6798: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6768: 6762: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6698: 6687: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6663:on April 6, 2013 6653: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6633:. collectSPACE. 6627: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6485: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6438:pluto.jhuapl.edu 6430: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6344: 6336: 6330: 6329: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6289: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6238:. Archived from 6225: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6194: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6149: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6109: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6074:"The Last World" 6069: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6026:pluto.jhuapl.edu 6018: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6007: 5985: 5976: 5975: 5949: 5927: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5891: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5836: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5803: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5767: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5698: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5630: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5436: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5407: 5396: 5395: 5389: 5381: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5346: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5310: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5240: 5233: 5222: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5197: 5181: 5166: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5134: 5131: 5123: 5118: 5108: 5102: 5091: 4960: 4959: 4936: 4935: 4906: 4894: 4893: 4872: 4852: 4832: 4794: 4678:Subaru Telescope 4619: 4582:stellar parallax 4574:Proxima Centauri 4527: 4484: 4390: 4385: 4376: 4371: 4362: 4357: 4348: 4343: 4334: 4332: 4323: 4318: 4312: 4292: 4273:machine learning 4252: 4241: 4239: 4238: 4228: 4218: 4216: 4215: 4205: 4189: 4174: 4159: 4138: 4129: 4101: 4094: 4077: 4021: 4017:(486958) 2014 MU 4002: 4000: 3999: 3991: 3989: 3988: 3980: 3978: 3977: 3969: 3967: 3966: 3943: 3918: 3655: 3640: 3626: 3612: 3598: 3584: 3555: 3485: 3477: 3458: 3449:on July 14, 2015 3442: 3427: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3407: 3405: 3364: 3332: 3324: 3247:hydrogen cyanide 3084: 3082: 3081: 3074:(now designated 3010: 3001: 2974: 2943: 2932: 2925: 2902: 2900: 2899: 2888:. In late 2013, 2851:atmospheric drag 2806: 2795: 2786: 2781: 2751: 2735: 2720: 2705: 2686: 2589: 2582: 2564: 2505: 2472: 2452: 2298: 2289: 2266:Journey to Pluto 2261: 2227: 2173: 2151:The Honeymooners 2135: 2080: 2063: 2052: 2020: 1998: 1966: 1946: 1910: 1904: 1874:Ritchey–Chretien 1828: 1777: 1759: 1717: 1710: 1695: 1594:The RTG, model " 1590: 1581:Plutonian system 1578: 1574: 1567: 1550: 1514:attitude control 1496:: four 4.4 1419: 1418: 1414: 1366: 1311: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1291: 1268: 1260: 1251: 1176:Laurel, Maryland 1021: 861:In August 1992, 742:(then nicknamed 713:hibernation mode 695: 688: 548: 479: 474: 473: 453:Closest approach 429:Closest approach 405:Closest approach 381:Closest approach 376: 375:(gravity assist) 353:Closest approach 348: 244: 242: 229:Start of mission 144:Mission duration 139: 137:science.nasa.gov 133: 130: 128: 113: 104: 103: 97: 40: 33: 27: 23180: 23179: 23175: 23174: 23173: 23171: 23170: 23169: 23105: 23104: 23103: 23094: 23090: 23086: 23076: 23074: 23062: 23050: 23040: 23038: 23028: 23026: 23016: 23014: 23004: 23002: 22994: 22992: 22987: 22986: 22981: 22951: 22949: 22941: 22898:486958 Arrokoth 22880: 22829: 22810:moons of Saturn 22725: 22724: 22721: 22710: 22517:Beta Pictoris c 22492: 22484: 22483: 22480: 22472: 22471: 22468: 22460: 22459: 22456: 22443: 22442: 22439: 22435:1620 Geographos 22416: 22415: 22412: 22404: 22403: 22400: 22392: 22391: 22388: 22369: 22345: 22339: 22333: 22324: 22285: 22278: 22275: 22269: 22256: 22253: 22223: 22218: 22188: 22186: 22178: 22173:486958 Arrokoth 22099: 22033: 22002: 21986: 21980: 21979: 21976: 21966: 21965: 21962: 21946: 21923:LSPM J0207+3331 21911: 21886: 21806: 21798: 21797: 21794: 21786: 21785: 21782: 21774: 21773: 21770: 21762: 21761: 21758: 21750: 21749: 21746: 21738: 21737: 21734: 21726: 21725: 21722: 21714: 21713: 21710: 21697: 21696: 21693: 21685: 21684: 21681: 21673: 21672: 21669: 21651: 21650: 21647: 21629: 21628: 21625: 21617: 21616: 21613: 21605: 21604: 21601: 21593: 21592: 21589: 21570: 21547: 21541: 21535: 21526: 21445: 21438: 21435: 21429: 21416: 21413: 21383: 21378: 21348: 21346: 21338: 21271: 21255: 21251: 21209: 21195: 21149: 21133: 21132: 21129: 21118: 20944:evaporation of 20921: 20913: 20912: 20909: 20901: 20900: 20899:(85989) 1999 JD 20897: 20889: 20888: 20887:(33342) 1998 WT 20885: 20877: 20876: 20873: 20865: 20864: 20861: 20853: 20852: 20849: 20841: 20840: 20837: 20830: 20822: 20821: 20818: 20810: 20809: 20806: 20798: 20797: 20794: 20786: 20785: 20782: 20763: 20735: 20729: 20723: 20710: 20685: 20680:LISA Pathfinder 20646: 20643: 20637: 20635: 20630: 20620: 20617: 20587: 20582: 20550: 20450: 20441:Mission patches 20416:Pioneer plaques 20379:Mystic Mountain 20356:Family Portrait 20349:The Blue Marble 20333: 20327: 20301:Apollo missions 20242: 20194: 20183: 20150: 19955: 19949: 19786:Mercury-Atlas 6 19756: 19752: 19742: 19676: 19612:Mariner Mark II 19576: 19557:Commercial Crew 19535: 19458: 19446: 19430:Mission Control 19329:Astronaut Corps 19324:Chief Scientist 19302: 19207: 19191: 19186: 19156: 19151: 19146: 19139: 19026: 19000: 18942: 18874: 18844: 18728: 18674: 18643: 18593: 18554: 18542: 18517: 18496: 18495: 18485: 18483: 18482: 18480: 18474: 18444: 18439: 18407: 18297: 18217:LISA Pathfinder 18063: 17926: 17914: 17889: 17836: 17771: 17688: 17600: 17576: 17568: 17562: 17532: 17527: 17501: 17492: 17467: 17428:B612 Foundation 17416: 17322: 17195: 17159:Gravity tractor 17137: 17071: 17066: 17036: 17031: 17021: 17019: 17001: 16976: 16931: 16906: 16886:Voyager program 16858:Pioneer program 16837:Galileo project 16831:Cassini–Huygens 16818: 16797: 16795: 16782: 16749: 16726: 16694: 16647: 16614: 16574: 16565: 16522: 16509: 16504: 16474: 16469: 16389: 16286: 16280: 16247: 16220: 16201: 16182: 16156: 16147: 16135:Cassini–Huygens 16106:Voyager program 16085:Pioneer program 16073: 16064: 16034: 16029: 16018: 15958:Asteroid mining 15936: 15849: 15843: 15808:(sample return) 15802:(orbiter, 2025) 15768:(orbiter, 2021) 15754: 15702: 15671: 15650: 15590: 15557: 15439:Cassini–Huygens 15420: 15414: 15408: 15402: 15393: 15346: 15328: 15315: 15285: 15280: 15245: 15207: 15182: 15126: 15073: 15060: 15013: 14988: 14979:Phobos Surveyor 14939:Icebreaker Life 14922: 14852: 14839: 14792: 14710:Mars Pathfinder 14682: 14669: 14661: 14631: 14626: 14586: 14565: 14560: 14552: 14536: 14517:Cassini–Huygens 14462: 14449: 14431: 14326: 14298: 14293: 14263: 14258: 14233: 14192: 14165: 14153:Cassini–Huygens 14102: 14089: 14063: 14040: 14029:Chaotic terrain 14015: 14010: 13980: 13975: 13950: 13919: 13903: 13880: 13862: 13821:Voyager program 13800:Pioneer program 13779: 13775: 13766: 13750: 13734: 13685: 13669: 13636: 13490: 13450: 13445: 13415: 13410: 13385: 13359: 13354: 13344: 13330: 13311:Cassini–Huygens 13260: 13256: 13247: 13231: 13215: 13199: 13183: 13130: 13097: 13092: 13057: 13049: 13044: 13014: 12973: 12957:Percival Lowell 12935: 12909: 12881: 12861: 12821: 12815: 12809: 12796: 12780: 12764: 12752: 12746: 12730: 12688: 12682: 12575: 12567: 12544: 12539: 12509: 12504: 12490: 12455: 12395: 12341:Frances Bagenal 12329: 12267: 12251: 12196: 12183: 12175: 12174: 12171: 12163: 12162: 12159: 12151: 12150: 12147: 12139: 12138: 12135: 12124: 12116: 12115: 12112: 12104: 12103: 12100: 12092: 12091: 12088: 12080: 12079: 12076: 12038: 12037: 12034: 12026: 12025: 12022: 12002: 11998:486958 Arrokoth 11964: 11963: 11930: 11923: 11889:Mission Archive 11880:Mission Archive 11796: 11786: 11785:978-125009896-2 11767: 11747: 11724: 11688: 11680: 11678:Further reading 11675: 11665: 11663: 11656: 11652: 11637: 11633: 11623: 11621: 11606: 11599: 11589: 11587: 11578: 11577: 11573: 11563: 11561: 11553: 11552: 11548: 11538: 11536: 11532: 11528: 11527: 11523: 11513: 11511: 11503: 11502: 11498: 11488: 11486: 11476: 11472: 11462: 11460: 11450: 11446: 11435: 11431: 11421: 11419: 11414: 11413: 11409: 11399: 11397: 11388: 11387: 11383: 11373: 11371: 11362: 11361: 11357: 11349: 11345: 11335: 11333: 11324: 11323: 11319: 11309: 11307: 11303: 11292: 11285: 11281: 11271: 11269: 11254: 11247: 11237: 11235: 11225: 11221: 11211: 11209: 11200: 11199: 11195: 11185: 11183: 11174: 11173: 11169: 11159: 11157: 11148: 11147: 11143: 11133: 11131: 11129:Spaceflight Now 11121: 11117: 11109:. Allan Stern, 11105: 11101: 11091: 11089: 11080: 11079: 11075: 11065: 11063: 11054: 11053: 11049: 11039: 11037: 11022: 11013: 11003: 11001: 10989: 10988: 10984: 10974: 10972: 10960: 10956: 10936: 10935: 10931: 10921: 10919: 10910: 10909: 10905: 10895: 10893: 10884: 10883: 10879: 10869: 10867: 10854: 10853: 10849: 10839: 10837: 10819: 10815: 10805: 10803: 10793: 10789: 10784: 10780: 10770: 10768: 10753: 10746: 10736: 10734: 10717: 10713: 10703: 10701: 10684: 10680: 10670: 10668: 10658: 10654: 10617: 10610: 10600: 10598: 10583: 10582: 10578: 10568: 10566: 10555: 10551: 10541: 10539: 10529: 10522: 10512: 10510: 10501: 10500: 10496: 10486: 10484: 10474: 10470: 10460: 10458: 10449: 10448: 10444: 10427: 10423: 10406: 10402: 10389: 10388: 10384: 10367: 10363: 10353: 10351: 10339: 10335: 10325: 10323: 10319: 10312: 10308: 10307: 10303: 10293: 10291: 10274:Corey S. Powell 10271: 10267: 10257: 10255: 10238: 10234: 10224: 10222: 10205: 10204: 10200: 10190: 10188: 10184: 10173: 10164: 10160: 10150: 10148: 10133: 10129: 10119: 10117: 10100: 10099: 10095: 10085: 10083: 10061: 10050: 10040: 10038: 10021: 10017: 10009: 10005: 9992: 9991: 9987: 9977: 9975: 9965: 9961: 9951: 9949: 9936: 9935: 9931: 9921: 9919: 9904: 9900: 9890: 9888: 9875: 9874: 9870: 9860: 9858: 9845: 9844: 9840: 9830: 9828: 9823: 9822: 9818: 9808: 9806: 9797: 9796: 9792: 9784: 9777: 9767: 9765: 9758: 9754: 9744: 9742: 9732: 9725: 9715: 9713: 9703: 9696: 9686: 9684: 9674: 9667: 9657: 9655: 9644: 9643: 9636: 9626: 9624: 9607: 9598: 9588: 9586: 9573: 9572: 9563: 9553: 9551: 9540: 9536: 9526: 9524: 9512: 9508: 9498: 9496: 9485: 9481: 9472: 9471: 9467: 9457: 9455: 9443: 9439: 9429: 9427: 9410: 9406: 9396: 9394: 9383: 9382: 9378: 9336: 9332: 9283: 9279: 9269: 9267: 9265: 9249: 9245: 9228: 9224: 9209: 9205: 9192: 9191: 9187: 9170: 9166: 9156: 9154: 9137: 9136: 9129: 9110: 9106: 9096: 9094: 9079: 9075: 9065: 9063: 9048: 9044: 9034: 9032: 9019: 9018: 9011: 9001: 8999: 8990: 8989: 8985: 8975: 8973: 8964: 8963: 8959: 8949: 8947: 8938: 8937: 8933: 8923: 8921: 8912: 8911: 8907: 8897: 8895: 8886: 8885: 8881: 8871: 8869: 8860: 8859: 8855: 8845: 8843: 8838: 8837: 8833: 8820: 8819: 8815: 8796: 8792: 8783: 8782: 8778: 8768: 8766: 8758: 8757: 8753: 8743: 8741: 8732: 8731: 8727: 8721:Wayback Machine 8712: 8708: 8698: 8696: 8686: 8682: 8672: 8670: 8660: 8656: 8646: 8644: 8629: 8625: 8576: 8569: 8559: 8557: 8548: 8547: 8543: 8533: 8531: 8522: 8521: 8517: 8507: 8505: 8496: 8495: 8488: 8478: 8476: 8467: 8466: 8462: 8452: 8450: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8426: 8424: 8415: 8414: 8410: 8404:Wayback Machine 8395: 8391: 8385:Wayback Machine 8376: 8372: 8366:Wayback Machine 8357: 8353: 8343: 8341: 8332: 8331: 8322: 8312: 8310: 8301: 8300: 8296: 8286: 8284: 8274: 8270: 8260: 8258: 8243: 8239: 8229: 8227: 8218: 8217: 8206: 8196: 8194: 8185: 8184: 8180: 8170: 8168: 8161:"Jupiter Ahoy!" 8159: 8158: 8154: 8144: 8142: 8131: 8127: 8117: 8115: 8106: 8105: 8101: 8091: 8089: 8076: 8075: 8071: 8061: 8059: 8048: 8044: 8034: 8032: 8019: 8018: 8014: 8001: 8000: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7969: 7965: 7955: 7953: 7938: 7934: 7924: 7922: 7913: 7912: 7908: 7898: 7896: 7887: 7886: 7882: 7872: 7870: 7861: 7860: 7856: 7846: 7844: 7829: 7825: 7815: 7813: 7806: 7802: 7792: 7790: 7783:Spaceflight Now 7775: 7771: 7761: 7759: 7752: 7748: 7738: 7736: 7726: 7722: 7712: 7710: 7706: 7699: 7695: 7694: 7687: 7677: 7675: 7668:Spaceflight Now 7660: 7656: 7641: 7637: 7627: 7625: 7616: 7615: 7611: 7596: 7592: 7582: 7580: 7571: 7570: 7566: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7514: 7510: 7501: 7500: 7496: 7486: 7484: 7473: 7469: 7459: 7457: 7447: 7443: 7433: 7431: 7424: 7420: 7419: 7415: 7404: 7400: 7389: 7385: 7375: 7373: 7360: 7359: 7350: 7340: 7338: 7325: 7324: 7320: 7312: 7305: 7299: 7295: 7286: 7285: 7276: 7227: 7223: 7202:(10): 550–559. 7190: 7186: 7175: 7171: 7161: 7159: 7148: 7144: 7134: 7132: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7108: 7106: 7096: 7092: 7082: 7080: 7075: 7074: 7070: 7060: 7058: 7043: 7039: 7026: 7025: 7021: 7011: 7009: 7005: 6998: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6957: 6955: 6945: 6941: 6923: 6919: 6910: 6909: 6905: 6856: 6852: 6845: 6829: 6825: 6815: 6813: 6800: 6799: 6795: 6785: 6783: 6770: 6769: 6765: 6755:Wayback Machine 6746: 6742: 6732: 6730: 6717: 6716: 6712: 6702: 6700: 6696: 6685: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6655: 6654: 6650: 6640: 6638: 6629: 6628: 6624: 6614: 6612: 6599: 6598: 6594: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6562: 6560: 6549: 6548: 6544: 6534: 6532: 6516: 6512: 6502: 6500: 6487: 6486: 6482: 6472: 6470: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6442: 6440: 6432: 6431: 6422: 6412: 6410: 6397: 6396: 6392: 6382: 6380: 6367: 6366: 6362: 6352: 6350: 6342: 6338: 6337: 6333: 6316: 6312: 6302: 6300: 6291: 6290: 6286: 6276: 6274: 6259: 6255: 6245: 6243: 6242:on July 9, 2015 6226: 6222: 6212: 6210: 6195: 6188: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6150: 6143: 6133: 6131: 6110: 6099: 6089: 6087: 6070: 6066: 6056: 6054: 6044: 6040: 6030: 6028: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6005: 6003: 5986: 5979: 5928: 5921: 5911: 5909: 5892: 5888: 5878: 5876: 5864: 5860: 5850: 5848: 5837: 5833: 5823: 5821: 5804: 5797: 5787: 5785: 5768: 5761: 5751: 5749: 5732: 5728: 5718: 5716: 5699: 5688: 5678: 5676: 5664: 5660: 5650: 5648: 5631: 5627: 5617: 5615: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5592: 5590: 5573: 5569: 5559: 5557: 5540: 5536: 5526: 5524: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5463: 5459: 5449: 5447: 5437: 5430: 5420: 5418: 5408: 5399: 5387: 5383: 5382: 5375: 5365: 5363: 5347: 5340: 5330: 5328: 5311: 5307: 5296: 5294: 5285: 5284: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5238: 5231: 5223: 5216: 5206: 5204: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5185: 5184: 5178:gravity assists 5167: 5160: 5141: 5130: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5092: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5016:Mariner Mark II 4977: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4961: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4937: 4924: 4917: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4895: 4885: 4881: 4880: 4873: 4865: 4864: 4853: 4845: 4844: 4833: 4822: 4817: 4792: 4751:gravity assists 4701: 4666: 4617: 4568:In April 2020, 4558: 4542: 4522: 4511: 4492:spin-stabilized 4475: 4454: 4417: 4412: 4383: 4382: 4369: 4368: 4355: 4354: 4341: 4340: 4330: 4329: 4316: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4283: 4281: 4264: 4263: 4262: 4261: 4245: 4244: 4243: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4221: 4220: 4213: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4198: 4197: 4190: 4182: 4181: 4175: 4167: 4166: 4160: 4151: 4150: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4100: 4096: 4093: 4089: 4075: 4032: 4020: 4016: 4015:(then known as 4009: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3986: 3985: 3982: 3975: 3974: 3971: 3964: 3963: 3960: 3941: 3916: 3906:486958 Arrokoth 3890: 3866:project called 3864:citizen-science 3828: 3811: 3806: 3798:486958 Arrokoth 3773: 3669: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3661: 3648: 3647: 3646: 3641: 3633: 3632: 3627: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3605: 3604: 3599: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3576: 3575: 3553: 3548: 3483: 3468: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3463: 3462: 3459: 3451: 3450: 3443: 3428: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3365: 3363: 3349: 3333: 3322: 3169:SWAP and PEPSSI 3160: 3117: 3100: 3098:Software glitch 3079: 3078: 3075: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3013: 3012: 3011: 3003: 3002: 2991: 2972: 2965: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2924: 2920: 2913:distant objects 2897: 2896: 2893: 2882: 2871:Neptune trojans 2867: 2804: 2793: 2792: 2784: 2779: 2765: 2760: 2759: 2758: 2757: 2744: 2743: 2742: 2736: 2728: 2727: 2721: 2713: 2712: 2706: 2698: 2697: 2687: 2678: 2677: 2640: 2612:Little Red Spot 2587: 2580: 2562: 2532: 2526: 2513: 2503: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2477: 2476: 2473: 2465: 2464: 2453: 2442: 2430: 2414: 2409: 2394:Hurricane Wilma 2386:Lockheed Martin 2316: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2291: 2290: 2279: 2274: 2268: 2254: 2240: 2234: 2220: 2180: 2169: 2133: 2127: 2110: 2108:Ralph telescope 2092:spacecraft, a " 2076: 2058: 2050: 2033: 2027: 2016: 1996: 1979: 1973: 1959: 1944: 1934: 1917: 1906: 1897: 1878:silicon carbide 1857: 1843: 1835:Pioneer anomaly 1826: 1819: 1772: 1754: 1712: 1708: 1693: 1684: 1628: 1626:Flight computer 1585: 1576: 1569: 1562: 1548: 1539: 1461: 1416: 1412: 1411: 1388:Cassini–Huygens 1364: 1321: 1312: 1301: 1295: 1292: 1281: 1269: 1245: 1178:(July 14, 2015) 1164: 1129: 1036:(SwRI) and the 1019: 1009: 1007:Mission profile 925:Lockheed Martin 839: 833: 740:486958 Arrokoth 693: 686: 682:that increased 630:escape velocity 628:to achieve the 622:486958 Arrokoth 565: 564: 555: 527:Ralph Telescope 477: 447:486958 Arrokoth 374: 346: 257: 241:2006-01-19UTC19 240: 238: 148: 135: 134: 125: 98: 93: 54:New Frontiers 1 46: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 23178: 23168: 23167: 23162: 23157: 23152: 23147: 23142: 23137: 23132: 23127: 23122: 23117: 23102: 23101: 23087: 23085: 23084: 23072: 23060: 23048: 23036: 23024: 23012: 22989: 22988: 22983: 22982: 22980: 22979: 22959: 22946: 22943: 22942: 22940: 22939: 22927: 22919: 22901: 22888: 22886: 22882: 22881: 22879: 22878: 22873: 22868: 22863: 22858: 22853: 22848: 22842: 22840: 22831: 22830: 22828: 22827: 22822: 22812: 22806: 22801: 22796: 22794:PSR J0740+6620 22791: 22788:PSR J0030+0451 22785: 22779: 22773: 22768: 22762: 22756: 22751: 22749:EPIC 204376071 22746: 22741: 22736: 22731: 22718: 22716: 22712: 22711: 22709: 22708: 22707: 22706: 22703: 22695: 22694: 22693: 22690: 22687: 22684: 22676: 22675: 22674: 22669: 22659: 22653: 22652: 22651: 22648: 22640: 22635: 22630: 22629: 22628: 22625: 22617: 22611: 22605: 22604: 22603: 22600: 22597: 22589: 22584: 22578: 22573: 22567: 22561: 22555: 22549: 22548: 22547: 22544: 22536: 22531: 22525: 22519: 22514: 22507: 22505: 22494: 22493: 22491: 22490: 22478: 22466: 22454: 22452:2100 Ra-Shalom 22449: 22437: 22432: 22427: 22422: 22410: 22398: 22386: 22380: 22378: 22371: 22370: 22368: 22367: 22362: 22355: 22353: 22347: 22346: 22327: 22325: 22323: 22322: 22308: 22302: 22295: 22293: 22280: 22279: 22277: 22276: 22270: 22264: 22261: 22258: 22257: 22252: 22251: 22244: 22237: 22229: 22220: 22219: 22217: 22216: 22196: 22183: 22180: 22179: 22177: 22176: 22164: 22156: 22146: 22137: 22129: 22120: 22107: 22105: 22101: 22100: 22098: 22097: 22092: 22087: 22082: 22077: 22072: 22067: 22062: 22057: 22052: 22046: 22044: 22035: 22034: 22032: 22031: 22025: 22024:(Nova Carinae) 22019: 22012: 22010: 22004: 22003: 22001: 22000: 21995: 21990: 21973: 21959: 21954: 21949: 21941: 21935: 21930: 21925: 21919: 21917: 21913: 21912: 21910: 21909: 21904: 21899: 21894: 21889: 21881: 21876: 21871: 21866: 21861: 21856: 21851: 21846: 21841: 21836: 21834:Kepler-1625b I 21827: 21821: 21819: 21808: 21807: 21805: 21804: 21792: 21780: 21768: 21756: 21744: 21732: 21720: 21708: 21703: 21691: 21679: 21667: 21662: 21657: 21645: 21640: 21635: 21623: 21611: 21599: 21587: 21581: 21579: 21572: 21571: 21569: 21568: 21563: 21557: 21555: 21549: 21548: 21529: 21527: 21525: 21524: 21510: 21498: 21490: 21474: 21462: 21455: 21453: 21440: 21439: 21437: 21436: 21430: 21424: 21421: 21418: 21417: 21412: 21411: 21404: 21397: 21389: 21380: 21379: 21377: 21376: 21356: 21343: 21340: 21339: 21337: 21336: 21324: 21312: 21304: 21292: 21279: 21277: 21273: 21272: 21270: 21269: 21264: 21259: 21253: 21248: 21243: 21238: 21233: 21228: 21222: 21220: 21211: 21210: 21208: 21207: 21202: 21190: 21188:contact binary 21182: 21177: 21172: 21167: 21162: 21157: 21152: 21144: 21139: 21126: 21124: 21120: 21119: 21117: 21116: 21111: 21106: 21098: 21093: 21088: 21083: 21078: 21073: 21072: 21071: 21068: 21065: 21062: 21059: 21051: 21046: 21041: 21036: 21031: 21026: 21021: 21016: 21011: 21006: 21001: 21000: 20999: 20993: 20988: 20983: 20978: 20973: 20963: 20958: 20953: 20948: 20942: 20936: 20934: 20923: 20922: 20920: 20919: 20907: 20895: 20883: 20871: 20859: 20847: 20835: 20828: 20816: 20804: 20792: 20780: 20774: 20772: 20765: 20764: 20762: 20761: 20759:WT1190F impact 20756: 20751: 20745: 20743: 20737: 20736: 20717: 20715: 20712: 20711: 20709: 20708: 20702: 20695: 20693: 20687: 20686: 20684: 20683: 20677: 20670: 20668: 20659: 20648: 20647: 20645: 20644: 20636: 20628: 20625: 20622: 20621: 20616: 20615: 20608: 20601: 20593: 20584: 20583: 20581: 20580: 20568: 20555: 20552: 20551: 20549: 20548: 20543: 20538: 20536:Astronauts Day 20533: 20528: 20523: 20518: 20513: 20508: 20503: 20502: 20501: 20496: 20486: 20481: 20476: 20471: 20466: 20458: 20456: 20452: 20451: 20449: 20448: 20443: 20438: 20433: 20428: 20423: 20418: 20413: 20408: 20403: 20396: 20389: 20382: 20375: 20368: 20367: 20366: 20352: 20345: 20337: 20335: 20329: 20328: 20326: 20325: 20320: 20315: 20310: 20309: 20308: 20303: 20298: 20288: 20283: 20282: 20281: 20276: 20271: 20266: 20261: 20250: 20248: 20244: 20243: 20241: 20240: 20235: 20229: 20224: 20219: 20210: 20205: 20199: 20197: 20195:and navigation 20193:Communications 20189: 20188: 20185: 20184: 20182: 20181: 20176: 20173:Europa Clipper 20169: 20164: 20158: 20156: 20152: 20151: 20149: 20148: 20143: 20142: 20141: 20131: 20130: 20129: 20124: 20111: 20106: 20101: 20096: 20091: 20086: 20079: 20072: 20067: 20066: 20065: 20055: 20048: 20043: 20038: 20033: 20028: 20023: 20022: 20021: 20008: 20003: 19998: 19991: 19986: 19981: 19974: 19967: 19959: 19957: 19951: 19950: 19948: 19947: 19946: 19945: 19932: 19925: 19920: 19919: 19918: 19913: 19900: 19895: 19888: 19881: 19876: 19869: 19864: 19856: 19848: 19843: 19838: 19833: 19828: 19823: 19822: 19821: 19809: 19802: 19795: 19788: 19783: 19778: 19773: 19767: 19765: 19758: 19748: 19747: 19744: 19743: 19741: 19740: 19735: 19730: 19725: 19720: 19715: 19710: 19705: 19700: 19695: 19690: 19684: 19682: 19678: 19677: 19675: 19674: 19669: 19664: 19659: 19654: 19649: 19644: 19639: 19634: 19629: 19627:New Millennium 19624: 19619: 19614: 19609: 19604: 19598: 19596: 19589: 19582: 19581: 19578: 19577: 19575: 19574: 19569: 19564: 19559: 19554: 19549: 19543: 19541: 19537: 19536: 19534: 19533: 19528: 19515: 19510: 19500: 19495: 19490: 19485: 19480: 19469: 19467: 19460: 19452: 19451: 19448: 19447: 19445: 19444: 19439: 19438: 19437: 19432: 19422: 19421: 19420: 19415: 19410: 19405: 19400: 19390: 19385: 19380: 19375: 19370: 19365: 19360: 19359: 19358: 19348: 19343: 19342: 19341: 19336: 19326: 19321: 19316: 19310: 19308: 19304: 19303: 19301: 19300: 19294: 19288: 19282: 19276: 19270: 19264: 19258: 19252: 19246: 19240: 19234: 19228: 19222: 19215: 19213: 19200: 19193: 19192: 19185: 19184: 19177: 19170: 19162: 19153: 19152: 19148:Crewed flights 19144: 19141: 19140: 19138: 19137: 19132: 19119: 19114: 19109: 19104: 19095: 19090: 19085: 19049: 19040: 19034: 19032: 19028: 19027: 19025: 19024: 19019: 19014: 19008: 19006: 19002: 19001: 18999: 18998: 18993: 18988: 18983: 18974: 18969: 18964: 18950: 18948: 18944: 18943: 18941: 18940: 18935: 18922: 18915: 18910: 18905: 18900: 18888: 18882: 18880: 18876: 18875: 18873: 18872: 18867: 18858: 18852: 18850: 18846: 18845: 18843: 18842: 18837: 18766: 18761: 18756: 18749: 18736: 18734: 18730: 18729: 18727: 18726: 18721: 18716: 18711: 18698: 18693: 18688: 18686:Resurs-DK No.1 18682: 18680: 18676: 18675: 18673: 18672: 18663: 18657: 18651: 18649: 18645: 18644: 18642: 18641: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18617: 18612: 18607: 18601: 18599: 18595: 18594: 18592: 18591: 18584: 18577: 18572: 18562: 18560: 18556: 18555: 18553: 18552: 18547: 18544:CUTE-1.7 + APD 18536: 18531: 18525: 18523: 18519: 18518: 18516: 18515: 18510: 18504: 18502: 18498: 18497: 18491: 18476: 18473: 18472: 18465: 18458: 18450: 18441: 18440: 18438: 18437: 18432: 18427: 18422: 18416: 18413: 18412: 18409: 18408: 18406: 18405: 18404: 18403: 18398: 18393: 18385: 18377: 18376: 18375: 18367: 18355: 18350: 18342: 18341: 18340: 18333: 18326: 18316: 18315: 18314: 18305: 18303: 18299: 18298: 18296: 18295: 18294: 18293: 18281: 18276: 18269: 18258: 18250: 18249: 18248: 18243: 18236: 18228: 18227: 18226: 18219: 18211: 18210: 18209: 18199: 18191: 18175: 18174: 18173: 18168: 18161: 18151: 18150: 18149: 18144: 18137: 18129: 18128: 18127: 18117: 18116: 18115: 18107: 18106: 18105: 18095: 18094: 18093: 18082: 18071: 18069: 18065: 18064: 18062: 18061: 18060: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18037: 18029: 18028: 18027: 18017: 18016: 18015: 18005: 18004: 18003: 17993: 17992: 17991: 17981: 17980: 17979: 17972: 17965: 17955: 17954: 17953: 17946: 17944:NEAR Shoemaker 17937: 17935: 17928: 17920: 17919: 17916: 17915: 17913: 17912: 17905: 17897: 17895: 17891: 17890: 17888: 17887: 17882: 17877: 17870: 17863: 17852: 17846: 17844: 17838: 17837: 17835: 17834: 17833: 17832: 17822: 17821: 17820: 17808: 17807: 17806: 17794: 17793: 17792: 17779: 17777: 17773: 17772: 17770: 17769: 17768: 17767: 17754: 17747: 17736: 17731: 17726: 17719: 17712: 17704: 17698: 17696: 17690: 17689: 17687: 17686: 17685: 17684: 17674: 17672:Tiandu 1 and 2 17669: 17664: 17659: 17654: 17649: 17644: 17631: 17626: 17621: 17616: 17610: 17608: 17602: 17601: 17599: 17598: 17593: 17587: 17585: 17578: 17570: 17569: 17561: 17560: 17553: 17546: 17538: 17529: 17528: 17526: 17525: 17520: 17515: 17509: 17507: 17503: 17502: 17500: 17499: 17494: 17490: 17486: 17481: 17475: 17473: 17469: 17468: 17466: 17465: 17460: 17455: 17450: 17445: 17440: 17435: 17430: 17424: 17422: 17418: 17417: 17415: 17414: 17409: 17404: 17399: 17394: 17389: 17384: 17379: 17374: 17369: 17364: 17359: 17354: 17349: 17344: 17339: 17333: 17331: 17324: 17323: 17321: 17320: 17313: 17312: 17311: 17297: 17292: 17287: 17280: 17275: 17272:NEAR Shoemaker 17268: 17267: 17266: 17254: 17247: 17242: 17241: 17240: 17233: 17223: 17218: 17211: 17203: 17201: 17197: 17196: 17194: 17193: 17192: 17191: 17186: 17180:Damage scales 17178: 17173: 17168: 17167: 17166: 17161: 17156: 17145: 17143: 17139: 17138: 17136: 17135: 17130: 17125: 17120: 17115: 17110: 17105: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17079: 17077: 17073: 17072: 17065: 17064: 17057: 17050: 17042: 17033: 17032: 17030: 17029: 17017: 17006: 17003: 17002: 17000: 16999: 16994: 16988: 16986: 16982: 16981: 16978: 16977: 16975: 16974: 16966: 16960: 16954: 16946: 16939: 16937: 16933: 16932: 16930: 16929: 16925:Europa Clipper 16921: 16914: 16912: 16908: 16907: 16905: 16904: 16903: 16902: 16895: 16883: 16876: 16875: 16874: 16867: 16855: 16848: 16847: 16846: 16834: 16826: 16824: 16820: 16819: 16817: 16816: 16808: 16806: 16799: 16788: 16787: 16784: 16783: 16781: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16759: 16757: 16751: 16750: 16748: 16747: 16742: 16736: 16734: 16728: 16727: 16725: 16724: 16722:Solar eclipses 16719: 16713: 16711: 16704: 16700: 16699: 16696: 16695: 16693: 16692: 16690:Pasiphae group 16687: 16682: 16677: 16672: 16666: 16661: 16655: 16653: 16649: 16648: 16646: 16645: 16640: 16635: 16630: 16624: 16622: 16616: 16615: 16613: 16612: 16607: 16602: 16597: 16591: 16589: 16582: 16576: 16575: 16568: 16566: 16564: 16563: 16558: 16553: 16548: 16543: 16542: 16541: 16539:Great Red Spot 16530: 16528: 16524: 16523: 16521: 16520: 16514: 16511: 16510: 16503: 16502: 16495: 16488: 16480: 16471: 16470: 16468: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16452: 16447: 16446: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16429: 16428: 16413: 16408: 16403: 16397: 16395: 16394:Related topics 16391: 16390: 16388: 16387: 16382: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16358:New Horizons 2 16355: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16325: 16323:Europa Orbiter 16320: 16319: 16318: 16313: 16308: 16298: 16290: 16288: 16282: 16281: 16279: 16278: 16270: 16264: 16255: 16253: 16249: 16248: 16246: 16245: 16237: 16233:Europa Clipper 16228: 16226: 16222: 16221: 16219: 16218: 16217:(JUICE) (2023) 16209: 16207: 16203: 16202: 16200: 16199: 16190: 16188: 16184: 16183: 16181: 16180: 16172: 16164: 16162: 16158: 16157: 16150: 16148: 16146: 16145: 16138: 16131: 16124: 16123: 16122: 16115: 16103: 16102: 16101: 16094: 16081: 16079: 16075: 16074: 16063: 16062: 16055: 16048: 16040: 16031: 16030: 16028: 16027: 16023: 16020: 16019: 16017: 16016: 16011: 16010: 16009: 16004: 16003: 16002: 15992: 15982: 15981: 15980: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15944: 15942: 15938: 15937: 15935: 15934: 15929: 15927:New Horizons 2 15924: 15919: 15914: 15909: 15904: 15899: 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15853: 15851: 15845: 15844: 15842: 15841: 15833: 15827: 15821: 15815: 15809: 15803: 15795: 15789: 15783: 15782:(flybys, 2024) 15775: 15769: 15762: 15760: 15756: 15755: 15753: 15752: 15746: 15740: 15734: 15728: 15727: 15726: 15714: 15712: 15708: 15707: 15704: 15703: 15701: 15700: 15695: 15690: 15685: 15679: 15677: 15673: 15672: 15670: 15669: 15664: 15658: 15656: 15652: 15651: 15649: 15648: 15643: 15641:NEAR Shoemaker 15638: 15637: 15636: 15631: 15629:Rover-1B / OWL 15626: 15621: 15611: 15610: 15609: 15598: 15596: 15592: 15591: 15589: 15588: 15587: 15586: 15576: 15574:NEAR Shoemaker 15571: 15565: 15563: 15559: 15558: 15556: 15555: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15528:NEAR Shoemaker 15525: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15509: 15508: 15503: 15498: 15493: 15488: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15467: 15466: 15456: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15435: 15433: 15426: 15422: 15421: 15396: 15394: 15392: 15391: 15383: 15375: 15369: 15363: 15354: 15352: 15348: 15347: 15345: 15344: 15339: 15333: 15330: 15329: 15314: 15313: 15306: 15299: 15291: 15282: 15281: 15279: 15278: 15275: 15269: 15262: 15259: 15258: 15255: 15254: 15251: 15250: 15247: 15246: 15244: 15243: 15240:Europa Clipper 15236: 15229: 15223: 15221: 15209: 15208: 15196: 15195: 15192: 15191: 15188: 15187: 15184: 15183: 15181: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15165: 15160: 15155: 15150: 15145: 15140: 15134: 15132: 15128: 15127: 15125: 15124: 15123: 15122: 15114: 15113: 15112: 15107: 15099: 15098: 15097: 15088: 15086: 15079: 15075: 15074: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15061: 15059: 15058: 15051: 15044: 15037: 15029: 15027: 15015: 15014: 15002: 15001: 14998: 14997: 14994: 14993: 14990: 14989: 14987: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14930: 14928: 14924: 14923: 14921: 14920: 14919: 14918: 14913: 14905: 14904: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14883: 14882: 14881: 14876: 14867: 14865: 14858: 14854: 14853: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14840: 14838: 14837: 14830: 14823: 14818: 14813: 14808: 14800: 14798: 14794: 14793: 14791: 14790: 14783: 14776: 14769: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14705:NEAR Shoemaker 14701: 14699: 14692: 14684: 14683: 14671: 14670: 14660: 14659: 14652: 14645: 14637: 14628: 14627: 14625: 14624: 14619: 14614: 14609: 14607:Galilean moons 14604: 14598: 14596: 14592: 14591: 14588: 14587: 14585: 14584: 14579: 14573: 14571: 14567: 14566: 14564: 14563: 14555: 14549:Europa Clipper 14544: 14542: 14538: 14537: 14535: 14534: 14527: 14520: 14513: 14506: 14499: 14492: 14485: 14477: 14475: 14468: 14464: 14463: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14450: 14448: 14447: 14441: 14439: 14433: 14432: 14430: 14429: 14428: 14427: 14422: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14381: 14380: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14345: 14340: 14334: 14332: 14328: 14327: 14325: 14324: 14319: 14313: 14311: 14304: 14300: 14299: 14292: 14291: 14284: 14277: 14269: 14260: 14259: 14257: 14256: 14251: 14245: 14243: 14239: 14238: 14235: 14234: 14232: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14214:Europa Orbiter 14211: 14206: 14200: 14198: 14194: 14193: 14191: 14190: 14185:Europa Clipper 14182: 14173: 14171: 14167: 14166: 14164: 14163: 14156: 14149: 14142: 14135: 14128: 14123: 14117: 14115: 14108: 14104: 14103: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14090: 14088: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14071: 14069: 14065: 14064: 14062: 14061: 14056: 14050: 14048: 14042: 14041: 14039: 14038: 14036:Conamara Chaos 14032: 14030: 14023: 14017: 14016: 14009: 14008: 14001: 13994: 13986: 13977: 13976: 13974: 13973: 13968: 13962: 13960: 13956: 13955: 13952: 13951: 13949: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13927: 13925: 13921: 13920: 13918: 13917: 13911: 13909: 13905: 13904: 13902: 13901: 13896: 13893:Europa Clipper 13888: 13886: 13882: 13881: 13879: 13878: 13870: 13868: 13864: 13863: 13861: 13860: 13853: 13846: 13839: 13838: 13837: 13830: 13818: 13817: 13816: 13809: 13796: 13794: 13787: 13781: 13780: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13767: 13765: 13764: 13758: 13756: 13752: 13751: 13749: 13748: 13742: 13740: 13736: 13735: 13733: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13696: 13694: 13687: 13686: 13684: 13683: 13677: 13675: 13671: 13670: 13668: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13646: 13644: 13638: 13637: 13635: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13498: 13496: 13492: 13491: 13489: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13467: 13465: 13458: 13452: 13451: 13444: 13443: 13436: 13429: 13421: 13412: 13411: 13409: 13408: 13403: 13397: 13395: 13391: 13390: 13387: 13386: 13384: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13367: 13365: 13361: 13360: 13358: 13357: 13351:Europa Clipper 13347: 13338: 13336: 13332: 13331: 13329: 13328: 13321: 13314: 13307: 13300: 13293: 13286: 13281: 13275: 13273: 13266: 13262: 13261: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13248: 13246: 13245: 13239: 13237: 13233: 13232: 13230: 13229: 13227:Memphis Facula 13223: 13221: 13217: 13216: 13214: 13213: 13207: 13205: 13201: 13200: 13198: 13197: 13191: 13189: 13185: 13184: 13182: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13140: 13138: 13136:Impact craters 13132: 13131: 13129: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13112: 13110: 13103: 13099: 13098: 13091: 13090: 13083: 13076: 13068: 13062: 13059: 13058: 13046: 13045: 13043: 13042: 13040:Venetia Burney 13037: 13032: 13026: 13024: 13020: 13019: 13016: 13015: 13013: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12981: 12979: 12975: 12974: 12972: 12971: 12970: 12969: 12964: 12962:Clyde Tombaugh 12959: 12949: 12943: 12941: 12937: 12936: 12934: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12917: 12915: 12911: 12910: 12908: 12907: 12902: 12896: 12894: 12887: 12883: 12882: 12880: 12879: 12871: 12869: 12863: 12862: 12860: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12831: 12829: 12823: 12822: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12797: 12795: 12794: 12788: 12786: 12782: 12781: 12779: 12778: 12772: 12770: 12766: 12765: 12763: 12762: 12756: 12754: 12748: 12747: 12745: 12744: 12738: 12736: 12732: 12731: 12729: 12728: 12723: 12721:Tenzing Montes 12718: 12713: 12711:Hillary Montes 12708: 12703: 12698: 12692: 12690: 12684: 12683: 12681: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12629: 12628: 12626:Meng-pʻo 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12603: 12595:Brass Knuckles 12590: 12588: 12581: 12569: 12568: 12566: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12549: 12546: 12545: 12538: 12537: 12530: 12523: 12515: 12506: 12505: 12495: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12488: 12481: 12478:New Horizons 2 12474: 12469: 12463: 12461: 12457: 12456: 12454: 12453: 12448: 12438: 12428: 12418: 12415:launch vehicle 12407: 12405: 12401: 12400: 12397: 12396: 12394: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12381:Mark Showalter 12378: 12376:Daniel Sarokon 12373: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12346:Richard Binzel 12343: 12337: 12335: 12331: 12330: 12328: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12295:Ball Aerospace 12292: 12286: 12284: 12277: 12273: 12272: 12269: 12268: 12266: 12265: 12259: 12257: 12253: 12252: 12250: 12249: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12213: 12211: 12202: 12198: 12197: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12184: 12182: 12181: 12169: 12157: 12145: 12132: 12130: 12126: 12125: 12123: 12122: 12110: 12098: 12086: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12032: 12020: 12010: 12008: 12004: 12003: 12001: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11979: 11977: 11970: 11966: 11965: 11962: 11961: 11956: 11947: 11942: 11936: 11935: 11932: 11931: 11922: 11921: 11914: 11907: 11899: 11893: 11892: 11883: 11874: 11857: 11842: 11830: 11818: 11806: 11795: 11794:External links 11792: 11791: 11790: 11784: 11771: 11765: 11752: 11735:(3): 234–276. 11717: 11699:(3): 421–429. 11679: 11676: 11674: 11673: 11650: 11631: 11597: 11571: 11555:"New Horizons" 11546: 11521: 11496: 11470: 11444: 11429: 11407: 11381: 11355: 11343: 11317: 11279: 11245: 11219: 11193: 11167: 11141: 11115: 11099: 11082:"JPL Horizons" 11073: 11047: 11011: 11000:. June 5, 2018 10982: 10954: 10929: 10903: 10877: 10847: 10813: 10791: 10778: 10744: 10711: 10678: 10652: 10608: 10576: 10549: 10520: 10509:. May 18, 2016 10494: 10482:Universe Today 10468: 10442: 10421: 10400: 10382: 10361: 10333: 10301: 10265: 10232: 10198: 10158: 10127: 10093: 10048: 10015: 10003: 9985: 9959: 9929: 9898: 9868: 9851:Zooniverse.Org 9838: 9816: 9805:on May 5, 2014 9790: 9775: 9752: 9723: 9694: 9665: 9634: 9596: 9561: 9534: 9506: 9479: 9465: 9437: 9404: 9376: 9330: 9277: 9263: 9243: 9222: 9203: 9185: 9164: 9127: 9104: 9073: 9042: 9009: 8983: 8957: 8931: 8905: 8879: 8853: 8831: 8813: 8790: 8776: 8751: 8725: 8706: 8694:Universe Today 8680: 8654: 8623: 8567: 8541: 8515: 8486: 8460: 8434: 8408: 8389: 8370: 8351: 8320: 8294: 8268: 8237: 8204: 8178: 8152: 8125: 8099: 8069: 8042: 8012: 7994: 7963: 7932: 7906: 7880: 7854: 7823: 7800: 7769: 7746: 7720: 7685: 7654: 7635: 7609: 7590: 7564: 7542: 7524:(1533): 1219. 7508: 7494: 7467: 7441: 7413: 7398: 7383: 7372:on May 1, 2018 7362:"New Horizons" 7348: 7318: 7293: 7274: 7237:(3): 483–485. 7221: 7184: 7169: 7142: 7131:. July 5, 2015 7116: 7090: 7068: 7037: 7028:"New Horizons" 7019: 6987: 6965: 6947:Betts, Bruce. 6939: 6917: 6903: 6866:(1–4): 23–47. 6850: 6843: 6823: 6793: 6763: 6740: 6710: 6674: 6648: 6622: 6605:spaceFlightNow 6592: 6570: 6542: 6510: 6480: 6450: 6420: 6390: 6360: 6331: 6310: 6284: 6253: 6220: 6186: 6172: 6141: 6097: 6064: 6038: 6013: 5977: 5919: 5886: 5858: 5831: 5795: 5759: 5726: 5686: 5658: 5625: 5609:"New Horizons" 5600: 5567: 5534: 5508: 5483: 5457: 5428: 5397: 5373: 5338: 5305: 5278: 5252: 5214: 5201:"New Horizons" 5191: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5182: 5158: 5140: 5137: 5129: 5126: 5121: 5103: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5069: 5062: 5057: 5049: 5041: 5034: 5027: 5023:New Horizons 2 5019: 5013: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4962: 4947: 4946: 4938: 4922: 4921: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4896: 4883: 4882: 4874: 4867: 4866: 4854: 4847: 4846: 4834: 4827: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4700: 4697: 4665: 4662: 4605:zodiacal light 4557: 4554: 4541: 4538: 4510: 4507: 4474: 4473:Approach phase 4471: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4432: 4429: 4416: 4413: 4280: 4277: 4247: 4246: 4230: 4223: 4222: 4207: 4200: 4199: 4191: 4184: 4183: 4176: 4169: 4168: 4161: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4145: 4134: 4125: 4098: 4091: 4031: 4028: 4022:and nicknamed 4018: 4008: 4005: 3889: 3886: 3846:, a dedicated 3834:Trajectory of 3827: 3824: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3772: 3769: 3744:at 14.10 3668: 3665: 3650: 3649: 3642: 3635: 3634: 3628: 3621: 3620: 3614: 3607: 3606: 3600: 3593: 3592: 3586: 3579: 3578: 3577: 3570: 3569: 3568: 3567: 3547: 3544: 3515:Tartarus Dorsa 3460: 3453: 3452: 3444: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3371:"New Horizons" 3336: 3334: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3313: 3312: 3311: 3301: 3298: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3270: 3267: 3257: 3254: 3231: 3221: 3218: 3211: 3205: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3184: 3181: 3159: 3156: 3116: 3113: 3099: 3096: 3015: 3014: 3005: 3004: 2996: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2989:Pluto approach 2987: 2964: 2961: 2940: 2922: 2880: 2875:Lagrange point 2866: 2863: 2801: 2783: 2764: 2761: 2746: 2745: 2737: 2730: 2729: 2722: 2715: 2714: 2707: 2700: 2699: 2688: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2648:Galilean moons 2639: 2636: 2528:Main article: 2525: 2522: 2512: 2509: 2474: 2467: 2466: 2454: 2447: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2429: 2426: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2401:Daniel Sarokon 2303: 2302: 2293: 2292: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2270:Main article: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2236:Main article: 2233: 2230: 2229: 2228: 2214:Venetia Burney 2179: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2163:Ball Aerospace 2123:Main article: 2109: 2106: 2082: 2081: 2029:Main article: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2021: 1983:time of flight 1975:Main article: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1930:Main article: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1911: 1853:Main article: 1842: 1839: 1818: 1815: 1709:38 kbit/s 1683: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1627: 1624: 1557:A cylindrical 1538: 1535: 1527:accelerometers 1471:monopropellant 1460: 1457: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1272: 1270: 1263: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1216: 1213: 1163: 1160: 1156:Venetia Burney 1128: 1125: 1095:, later to be 1008: 1005: 945:NEAR Shoemaker 879:, head of the 867:Clyde Tombaugh 835:Main article: 832: 829: 680:gravity assist 600:(APL) and the 567: 566: 557: 556: 549: 541: 540: 537: 536: 533: 529: 528: 525: 521: 520: 517: 513: 512: 509: 505: 504: 501: 497: 496: 493: 489: 488: 485: 481: 480: 470: 469: 466: 465: 462: 458: 457: 454: 450: 449: 442: 441: 438: 434: 433: 430: 426: 425: 418: 417: 414: 410: 409: 406: 402: 401: 394: 393: 390: 386: 385: 382: 378: 377: 366: 365: 362: 358: 357: 354: 350: 349: 338: 337: 334: 333: 330: 329: 322: 316: 315: 312: 306: 305: 302: 296: 295: 291: 290: 287: 286: 283: 282: 277: 273: 272: 267:Cape Canaveral 264: 260: 259: 251: 247: 246: 235: 231: 230: 226: 225: 222: 221: 218: 217: 214: 210: 209: 206: 202: 201: 198: 194: 193: 190: 186: 185: 182: 178: 177: 168: 164: 163: 159: 158: 155: 154: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 123: 119: 118: 115: 106: 105: 91: 85: 84: 79: 75: 74: 64: 60: 59: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 41: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23177: 23166: 23163: 23161: 23158: 23156: 23153: 23151: 23148: 23146: 23143: 23141: 23138: 23136: 23133: 23131: 23128: 23126: 23123: 23121: 23118: 23116: 23113: 23112: 23110: 23098: 23092: 23088: 23083: 23082:United States 23073: 23071: 23066: 23061: 23059: 23054: 23049: 23047: 23037: 23035: 23025: 23023: 23013: 23011: 23001: 23000: 22997: 22978: 22974: 22973: 22968: 22960: 22958: 22948: 22947: 22944: 22937: 22933: 22932: 22928: 22925: 22924: 22920: 22917: 22913: 22912: 22907: 22906: 22902: 22899: 22895: 22894: 22890: 22889: 22887: 22883: 22877: 22876:289P/Blanpain 22874: 22872: 22869: 22867: 22864: 22862: 22859: 22857: 22854: 22852: 22849: 22847: 22844: 22843: 22841: 22838: 22832: 22826: 22825:WD J0914+1914 22823: 22820: 22817:detection of 22816: 22813: 22811: 22807: 22805: 22802: 22800: 22797: 22795: 22792: 22789: 22786: 22783: 22780: 22777: 22774: 22772: 22769: 22766: 22763: 22760: 22757: 22755: 22752: 22750: 22747: 22745: 22742: 22740: 22737: 22735: 22732: 22729: 22720: 22719: 22717: 22713: 22704: 22701: 22700: 22699: 22696: 22691: 22688: 22685: 22682: 22681: 22680: 22677: 22673: 22670: 22668: 22665: 22664: 22663: 22660: 22657: 22654: 22649: 22646: 22645: 22644: 22641: 22639: 22636: 22634: 22631: 22626: 22623: 22622: 22621: 22620:Luyten's Star 22618: 22615: 22612: 22609: 22606: 22601: 22598: 22595: 22594: 22593: 22590: 22588: 22585: 22582: 22579: 22577: 22574: 22571: 22568: 22565: 22562: 22559: 22556: 22553: 22550: 22545: 22542: 22541: 22540: 22537: 22535: 22532: 22529: 22526: 22523: 22520: 22518: 22515: 22512: 22509: 22508: 22506: 22503: 22499: 22495: 22488: 22479: 22476: 22467: 22464: 22455: 22453: 22450: 22447: 22438: 22436: 22433: 22431: 22428: 22426: 22423: 22420: 22411: 22408: 22399: 22396: 22387: 22385: 22382: 22381: 22379: 22377: 22372: 22366: 22363: 22360: 22357: 22356: 22354: 22352: 22351:Impact events 22348: 22343: 22337: 22331: 22320: 22316: 22312: 22311:Chandrayaan-2 22309: 22306: 22303: 22300: 22297: 22296: 22294: 22291: 22287: 22281: 22273: 22268: 22263: 22262: 22259: 22255:2019 in space 22250: 22245: 22243: 22238: 22236: 22231: 22230: 22227: 22215: 22211: 22210: 22205: 22197: 22195: 22185: 22184: 22181: 22174: 22170: 22169: 22165: 22162: 22161: 22157: 22154: 22150: 22147: 22144: 22142: 22138: 22135: 22134: 22130: 22127: 22125: 22121: 22118: 22114: 22113: 22109: 22108: 22106: 22102: 22096: 22093: 22091: 22088: 22086: 22083: 22081: 22078: 22076: 22073: 22071: 22068: 22066: 22063: 22061: 22058: 22056: 22053: 22051: 22048: 22047: 22045: 22042: 22036: 22030:(Nova Persei) 22029: 22026: 22023: 22020: 22018:(Nova Muscae) 22017: 22014: 22013: 22011: 22009: 22005: 21999: 21996: 21994: 21991: 21984: 21974: 21970: 21960: 21958: 21955: 21953: 21950: 21945: 21942: 21940: 21936: 21934: 21931: 21929: 21926: 21924: 21921: 21920: 21918: 21914: 21908: 21905: 21903: 21900: 21898: 21895: 21893: 21890: 21885: 21882: 21880: 21877: 21875: 21872: 21870: 21867: 21865: 21862: 21860: 21857: 21855: 21852: 21850: 21847: 21845: 21842: 21840: 21837: 21835: 21832: 21828: 21826: 21825:Gliese 1132 c 21823: 21822: 21820: 21817: 21813: 21809: 21802: 21793: 21790: 21781: 21778: 21769: 21766: 21757: 21754: 21745: 21742: 21733: 21730: 21721: 21718: 21709: 21707: 21704: 21701: 21692: 21689: 21680: 21677: 21668: 21666: 21663: 21661: 21658: 21655: 21646: 21644: 21641: 21639: 21636: 21633: 21624: 21621: 21612: 21609: 21600: 21597: 21588: 21586: 21583: 21582: 21580: 21578: 21573: 21567: 21564: 21562: 21559: 21558: 21556: 21554: 21553:Impact events 21550: 21545: 21539: 21533: 21522: 21518: 21514: 21511: 21508: 21504: 21503: 21499: 21496: 21495: 21491: 21488: 21484: 21483:Mars Cube One 21480: 21479: 21475: 21472: 21468: 21467: 21463: 21460: 21457: 21456: 21454: 21451: 21447: 21441: 21433: 21428: 21423: 21422: 21419: 21415:2018 in space 21410: 21405: 21403: 21398: 21396: 21391: 21390: 21387: 21375: 21371: 21370: 21365: 21357: 21355: 21345: 21344: 21341: 21334: 21330: 21329: 21325: 21322: 21318: 21317: 21313: 21310: 21309: 21305: 21302: 21298: 21297: 21293: 21290: 21286: 21285: 21281: 21280: 21278: 21274: 21268: 21265: 21263: 21260: 21258: 21249: 21247: 21244: 21242: 21239: 21237: 21234: 21232: 21229: 21227: 21224: 21223: 21221: 21218: 21212: 21206: 21203: 21199: 21194: 21191: 21189: 21186: 21183: 21181: 21178: 21176: 21173: 21171: 21168: 21166: 21163: 21161: 21158: 21156: 21153: 21148: 21145: 21143: 21140: 21137: 21128: 21127: 21125: 21121: 21115: 21112: 21110: 21107: 21105: 21102: 21099: 21097: 21094: 21092: 21089: 21087: 21084: 21082: 21079: 21077: 21074: 21069: 21066: 21063: 21060: 21057: 21056: 21055: 21052: 21050: 21047: 21045: 21042: 21040: 21037: 21035: 21032: 21030: 21027: 21025: 21022: 21020: 21017: 21015: 21012: 21010: 21007: 21005: 21002: 20997: 20994: 20992: 20989: 20987: 20984: 20982: 20979: 20977: 20974: 20972: 20969: 20968: 20967: 20964: 20962: 20959: 20957: 20954: 20952: 20951:Gliese 1132 b 20949: 20947: 20943: 20941: 20938: 20937: 20935: 20932: 20928: 20924: 20917: 20908: 20905: 20896: 20893: 20884: 20881: 20872: 20869: 20860: 20857: 20848: 20845: 20836: 20833: 20829: 20826: 20817: 20814: 20805: 20802: 20793: 20790: 20781: 20779: 20776: 20775: 20773: 20771: 20766: 20760: 20757: 20755: 20752: 20750: 20747: 20746: 20744: 20742: 20741:Impact events 20738: 20733: 20727: 20721: 20706: 20703: 20700: 20697: 20696: 20694: 20692: 20688: 20681: 20678: 20675: 20672: 20671: 20669: 20667: 20663: 20660: 20657: 20653: 20649: 20640: 20633: 20627: 20626: 20623: 20619:2015 in space 20614: 20609: 20607: 20602: 20600: 20595: 20594: 20591: 20579: 20578: 20569: 20567: 20566: 20557: 20556: 20553: 20547: 20546:Nikon NASA F4 20544: 20542: 20539: 20537: 20534: 20532: 20529: 20527: 20524: 20522: 20519: 20517: 20514: 20512: 20509: 20507: 20504: 20500: 20497: 20495: 20492: 20491: 20490: 20487: 20485: 20482: 20480: 20477: 20475: 20472: 20470: 20467: 20464: 20460: 20459: 20457: 20453: 20447: 20444: 20442: 20439: 20437: 20434: 20432: 20431:NASA insignia 20429: 20427: 20424: 20422: 20419: 20417: 20414: 20412: 20411:Lunar plaques 20409: 20407: 20404: 20402: 20401: 20397: 20395: 20394: 20390: 20388: 20387: 20383: 20381: 20380: 20376: 20374: 20373: 20369: 20365: 20364: 20363:Pale Blue Dot 20360: 20359: 20358: 20357: 20353: 20351: 20350: 20346: 20344: 20343: 20339: 20338: 20336: 20330: 20324: 20321: 20319: 20316: 20314: 20311: 20307: 20304: 20302: 20299: 20297: 20294: 20293: 20292: 20291:NASA missions 20289: 20287: 20286:NASA aircraft 20284: 20280: 20277: 20275: 20272: 20270: 20267: 20265: 20262: 20260: 20257: 20256: 20255: 20252: 20251: 20249: 20245: 20239: 20236: 20233: 20230: 20228: 20225: 20223: 20220: 20218: 20214: 20211: 20209: 20208:Space Network 20206: 20204: 20201: 20200: 20198: 20196: 20190: 20180: 20177: 20175: 20174: 20170: 20168: 20165: 20163: 20160: 20159: 20157: 20153: 20147: 20144: 20140: 20137: 20136: 20135: 20132: 20128: 20125: 20123: 20121: 20117: 20116: 20115: 20112: 20110: 20107: 20105: 20102: 20100: 20097: 20095: 20092: 20090: 20087: 20085: 20084: 20080: 20078: 20077: 20073: 20071: 20068: 20064: 20061: 20060: 20059: 20056: 20054: 20053: 20049: 20047: 20044: 20042: 20039: 20037: 20034: 20032: 20029: 20027: 20024: 20020: 20017: 20016: 20015: 20013: 20009: 20007: 20004: 20002: 19999: 19997: 19996: 19992: 19990: 19987: 19985: 19982: 19980: 19979: 19975: 19973: 19972: 19968: 19966: 19965: 19961: 19960: 19958: 19952: 19944: 19941: 19940: 19939: 19937: 19933: 19931: 19930: 19926: 19924: 19921: 19917: 19914: 19912: 19909: 19908: 19907: 19905: 19901: 19899: 19896: 19894: 19893: 19889: 19887: 19886: 19882: 19880: 19877: 19875: 19874: 19870: 19868: 19865: 19863: 19861: 19857: 19855: 19853: 19849: 19847: 19844: 19842: 19841:Space Shuttle 19839: 19837: 19834: 19832: 19829: 19827: 19824: 19820: 19817: 19816: 19815: 19814: 19810: 19808: 19807: 19803: 19801: 19800: 19796: 19794: 19793: 19789: 19787: 19784: 19782: 19779: 19777: 19774: 19772: 19769: 19768: 19766: 19762: 19759: 19755: 19749: 19739: 19736: 19734: 19731: 19729: 19726: 19724: 19723:New Frontiers 19721: 19719: 19716: 19714: 19711: 19709: 19706: 19704: 19701: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19689: 19686: 19685: 19683: 19679: 19673: 19670: 19668: 19665: 19663: 19660: 19658: 19655: 19653: 19650: 19648: 19645: 19643: 19640: 19638: 19635: 19633: 19632:Lunar Orbiter 19630: 19628: 19625: 19623: 19620: 19618: 19615: 19613: 19610: 19608: 19605: 19603: 19600: 19599: 19597: 19593: 19590: 19587: 19583: 19573: 19572:Lunar Gateway 19570: 19568: 19565: 19563: 19560: 19558: 19555: 19553: 19550: 19548: 19545: 19544: 19542: 19538: 19532: 19531:Constellation 19529: 19526: 19522: 19521: 19516: 19514: 19513:Space Shuttle 19511: 19508: 19504: 19501: 19499: 19496: 19494: 19491: 19489: 19486: 19484: 19481: 19478: 19474: 19471: 19470: 19468: 19464: 19461: 19457: 19453: 19443: 19440: 19436: 19433: 19431: 19428: 19427: 19426: 19423: 19419: 19416: 19414: 19411: 19409: 19406: 19404: 19401: 19399: 19396: 19395: 19394: 19391: 19389: 19386: 19384: 19381: 19379: 19376: 19374: 19371: 19369: 19366: 19364: 19361: 19357: 19354: 19353: 19352: 19351:NASA research 19349: 19347: 19344: 19340: 19337: 19335: 19332: 19331: 19330: 19327: 19325: 19322: 19320: 19317: 19315: 19312: 19311: 19309: 19305: 19298: 19295: 19292: 19289: 19286: 19283: 19280: 19277: 19274: 19271: 19268: 19265: 19262: 19259: 19256: 19253: 19250: 19247: 19244: 19241: 19238: 19235: 19232: 19229: 19226: 19223: 19220: 19217: 19216: 19214: 19211: 19204: 19201: 19198: 19194: 19190: 19183: 19178: 19176: 19171: 19169: 19164: 19163: 19160: 19149: 19142: 19136: 19133: 19131: 19127: 19123: 19120: 19118: 19115: 19113: 19110: 19108: 19105: 19103: 19099: 19096: 19094: 19091: 19089: 19086: 19083: 19079: 19075: 19071: 19067: 19063: 19059: 19055: 19054: 19050: 19048: 19044: 19041: 19039: 19036: 19035: 19033: 19029: 19023: 19020: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19009: 19007: 19003: 18997: 18994: 18992: 18989: 18987: 18984: 18982: 18978: 18975: 18973: 18972:Progress M-58 18970: 18968: 18965: 18963: 18959: 18955: 18952: 18951: 18949: 18945: 18939: 18936: 18934: 18930: 18926: 18923: 18921: 18920: 18916: 18914: 18911: 18909: 18906: 18904: 18901: 18898: 18894: 18893: 18889: 18887: 18884: 18883: 18881: 18877: 18871: 18868: 18866: 18862: 18859: 18857: 18854: 18853: 18851: 18847: 18841: 18838: 18836: 18835: 18831: 18827: 18823: 18819: 18815: 18811: 18807: 18803: 18799: 18795: 18791: 18787: 18783: 18779: 18775: 18771: 18767: 18765: 18762: 18760: 18757: 18755: 18754: 18750: 18747: 18743: 18742: 18738: 18737: 18735: 18731: 18725: 18722: 18720: 18717: 18715: 18714:Progress M-57 18712: 18710: 18706: 18702: 18699: 18697: 18694: 18692: 18689: 18687: 18684: 18683: 18681: 18677: 18671: 18667: 18664: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18652: 18650: 18646: 18640: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18620:Progress M-56 18618: 18616: 18613: 18611: 18608: 18606: 18603: 18602: 18600: 18596: 18590: 18589: 18585: 18583: 18582: 18578: 18576: 18573: 18571: 18567: 18564: 18563: 18561: 18557: 18551: 18548: 18545: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18530: 18527: 18526: 18524: 18520: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18505: 18503: 18499: 18494: 18490: 18479: 18471: 18466: 18464: 18459: 18457: 18452: 18451: 18448: 18436: 18433: 18431: 18428: 18426: 18423: 18421: 18418: 18417: 18414: 18402: 18399: 18397: 18394: 18392: 18390: 18386: 18384: 18381: 18380: 18378: 18374: 18372: 18368: 18366: 18364: 18359: 18358:Chandrayaan-3 18356: 18354: 18351: 18349: 18346: 18345: 18343: 18339: 18338: 18334: 18332: 18331: 18327: 18325: 18324: 18320: 18319: 18317: 18313: 18310: 18309: 18307: 18306: 18304: 18300: 18292: 18290: 18285: 18284:Chandrayaan-2 18282: 18280: 18277: 18275: 18274: 18270: 18268: 18266: 18262: 18259: 18257: 18254: 18253: 18251: 18247: 18244: 18242: 18241: 18237: 18235: 18232: 18231: 18229: 18225: 18224: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18214: 18212: 18208: 18207: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18196: 18192: 18190: 18189: 18184: 18183: 18179: 18178: 18176: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18166: 18162: 18160: 18159: 18155: 18154: 18152: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18142: 18141:Venus Express 18138: 18136: 18133: 18132: 18130: 18126: 18125: 18121: 18120: 18118: 18114: 18111: 18110: 18108: 18104: 18103: 18099: 18098: 18096: 18092: 18090: 18086: 18083: 18081: 18080: 18076: 18075: 18073: 18072: 18070: 18066: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18047:Chandrayaan-1 18045: 18043: 18042: 18038: 18036: 18033: 18032: 18030: 18026: 18025: 18021: 18020: 18018: 18014: 18013: 18009: 18008: 18006: 18002: 18001: 17997: 17996: 17994: 17990: 17989: 17985: 17984: 17982: 17978: 17977: 17973: 17971: 17970: 17966: 17964: 17963: 17959: 17958: 17956: 17952: 17951: 17947: 17945: 17942: 17941: 17939: 17938: 17936: 17932: 17929: 17925: 17921: 17911: 17910: 17906: 17904: 17903: 17899: 17898: 17896: 17892: 17886: 17883: 17881: 17878: 17876: 17875: 17871: 17869: 17868: 17864: 17862: 17858: 17857: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17847: 17845: 17843: 17842:Minor planets 17839: 17830: 17829: 17828: 17827: 17823: 17819: 17816: 17815: 17814: 17813: 17809: 17805: 17802: 17801: 17800: 17799: 17795: 17791: 17788: 17787: 17786: 17785: 17781: 17780: 17778: 17776:Other planets 17774: 17766: 17764: 17760: 17759: 17758: 17755: 17753: 17752: 17748: 17746: 17744: 17740: 17737: 17735: 17732: 17730: 17727: 17725: 17724: 17720: 17718: 17717: 17713: 17711: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17699: 17697: 17695: 17691: 17683: 17680: 17679: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17668: 17665: 17663: 17660: 17658: 17655: 17653: 17650: 17648: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17624:Chandrayaan-2 17622: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17611: 17609: 17607: 17603: 17597: 17596:Solar Orbiter 17594: 17592: 17589: 17588: 17586: 17582: 17579: 17575: 17571: 17567: 17564:21st-century 17559: 17554: 17552: 17547: 17545: 17540: 17539: 17536: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17513:Impact events 17511: 17510: 17508: 17504: 17498: 17497:99942 Apophis 17495: 17493: 17487: 17485: 17482: 17480: 17477: 17476: 17474: 17470: 17464: 17461: 17459: 17456: 17454: 17451: 17449: 17446: 17444: 17441: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17425: 17423: 17421:Organizations 17419: 17413: 17410: 17408: 17405: 17403: 17400: 17398: 17395: 17393: 17390: 17388: 17385: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17377:OGS Telescope 17375: 17373: 17370: 17368: 17365: 17363: 17360: 17358: 17355: 17353: 17350: 17348: 17345: 17343: 17340: 17338: 17335: 17334: 17332: 17329: 17325: 17319: 17318: 17314: 17310: 17309: 17305: 17304: 17303: 17302: 17298: 17296: 17293: 17291: 17288: 17286: 17285: 17281: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17273: 17269: 17265: 17262: 17261: 17260: 17259: 17255: 17253: 17252: 17248: 17246: 17245:Halley Armada 17243: 17239: 17238: 17234: 17232: 17229: 17228: 17227: 17224: 17222: 17219: 17217: 17216: 17212: 17210: 17209: 17205: 17204: 17202: 17198: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17184:Palermo scale 17182: 17181: 17179: 17177: 17174: 17172: 17169: 17165: 17162: 17160: 17157: 17155: 17152: 17151: 17150: 17147: 17146: 17144: 17140: 17134: 17131: 17129: 17126: 17124: 17121: 17119: 17116: 17114: 17113:Meteor shower 17111: 17109: 17106: 17104: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17080: 17078: 17074: 17070: 17063: 17058: 17056: 17051: 17049: 17044: 17043: 17040: 17028: 17018: 17016: 17008: 17007: 17004: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16989: 16987: 16983: 16972: 16971: 16967: 16964: 16961: 16958: 16955: 16952: 16951: 16947: 16944: 16941: 16940: 16938: 16934: 16927: 16926: 16922: 16919: 16916: 16915: 16913: 16909: 16901: 16900: 16896: 16894: 16893: 16889: 16888: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16881: 16877: 16873: 16872: 16868: 16866: 16865: 16861: 16860: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16853: 16849: 16845: 16844: 16840: 16839: 16838: 16835: 16833: 16832: 16828: 16827: 16825: 16821: 16815: 16814: 16810: 16809: 16807: 16803: 16800: 16793: 16789: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16760: 16758: 16756: 16752: 16746: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16737: 16735: 16733: 16729: 16723: 16720: 16718: 16715: 16714: 16712: 16708: 16705: 16701: 16691: 16688: 16686: 16683: 16681: 16678: 16676: 16673: 16670: 16667: 16665: 16662: 16660: 16659:Himalia group 16657: 16656: 16654: 16650: 16644: 16641: 16639: 16636: 16634: 16631: 16629: 16626: 16625: 16623: 16621: 16617: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16593: 16592: 16590: 16586: 16583: 16581: 16577: 16572: 16562: 16559: 16557: 16554: 16552: 16549: 16547: 16546:Magnetosphere 16544: 16540: 16537: 16536: 16535: 16532: 16531: 16529: 16525: 16519: 16516: 16515: 16512: 16508: 16501: 16496: 16494: 16489: 16487: 16482: 16481: 16478: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16451: 16448: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16427: 16424: 16423: 16422: 16419: 16418: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16398: 16396: 16392: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16380: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16324: 16321: 16317: 16314: 16312: 16309: 16307: 16304: 16303: 16302: 16299: 16297: 16296: 16292: 16291: 16289: 16283: 16276: 16275: 16271: 16268: 16267:Europa Lander 16265: 16262: 16261: 16257: 16256: 16254: 16250: 16243: 16242: 16238: 16235: 16234: 16230: 16229: 16227: 16223: 16216: 16215: 16211: 16210: 16208: 16204: 16198: 16196: 16192: 16191: 16189: 16185: 16178: 16177: 16173: 16171: 16170: 16166: 16165: 16163: 16159: 16154: 16144: 16143: 16139: 16137: 16136: 16132: 16130: 16129: 16125: 16121: 16120: 16116: 16114: 16113: 16109: 16108: 16107: 16104: 16100: 16099: 16095: 16093: 16092: 16088: 16087: 16086: 16083: 16082: 16080: 16076: 16072: 16068: 16061: 16056: 16054: 16049: 16047: 16042: 16041: 16038: 16025: 16024: 16021: 16015: 16012: 16008: 16005: 16001: 15998: 15997: 15996: 15993: 15991: 15988: 15987: 15986: 15983: 15979: 15976: 15975: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15948:Asteroid belt 15946: 15945: 15943: 15939: 15933: 15930: 15928: 15925: 15923: 15920: 15918: 15915: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15858: 15855: 15854: 15852: 15850:not developed 15848:Cancelled or 15846: 15839: 15838: 15834: 15831: 15828: 15825: 15822: 15819: 15816: 15813: 15810: 15807: 15804: 15801: 15800: 15796: 15793: 15790: 15787: 15784: 15781: 15780: 15776: 15773: 15770: 15767: 15764: 15763: 15761: 15757: 15751:(flyby, 2029) 15750: 15747: 15744: 15741: 15738: 15735: 15732: 15729: 15725: 15722: 15721: 15719: 15716: 15715: 15713: 15709: 15699: 15696: 15694: 15691: 15689: 15686: 15684: 15681: 15680: 15678: 15676:Sample return 15674: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15660: 15659: 15657: 15653: 15647: 15644: 15642: 15639: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15616: 15615: 15612: 15608: 15605: 15604: 15603: 15600: 15599: 15597: 15593: 15585: 15582: 15581: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15566: 15564: 15560: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15507: 15504: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15483: 15482: 15481:Halley Armada 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15465: 15462: 15461: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15436: 15434: 15430: 15427: 15423: 15418: 15412: 15406: 15400: 15389: 15388: 15384: 15381: 15380: 15376: 15373: 15370: 15367: 15364: 15361: 15360: 15356: 15355: 15353: 15349: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15334: 15331: 15327: 15323: 15322:minor planets 15319: 15312: 15307: 15305: 15300: 15298: 15293: 15292: 15289: 15276: 15273: 15270: 15267: 15264: 15263: 15260: 15242: 15241: 15237: 15235: 15234: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15224: 15222: 15218: 15214: 15210: 15206: 15201: 15197: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15154: 15151: 15149: 15146: 15144: 15141: 15139: 15136: 15135: 15133: 15129: 15121: 15118: 15117: 15115: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15102: 15100: 15096: 15093: 15092: 15090: 15089: 15087: 15083: 15080: 15076: 15071: 15057: 15056: 15052: 15050: 15049: 15045: 15043: 15042: 15038: 15036: 15035: 15031: 15030: 15028: 15024: 15020: 15016: 15012: 15007: 15003: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14931: 14929: 14925: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14908: 14906: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14888: 14887: 14884: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14871: 14869: 14868: 14866: 14862: 14859: 14855: 14850: 14836: 14835: 14831: 14829: 14828: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14806: 14802: 14801: 14799: 14795: 14789: 14788: 14784: 14782: 14781: 14777: 14775: 14774: 14770: 14768: 14767: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14702: 14700: 14696: 14693: 14689: 14685: 14681: 14676: 14672: 14668: 14665: 14658: 14653: 14651: 14646: 14644: 14639: 14638: 14635: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14600: 14599: 14597: 14593: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14575: 14574: 14572: 14568: 14559: 14556: 14551: 14550: 14546: 14545: 14543: 14539: 14533: 14532: 14528: 14526: 14525: 14521: 14519: 14518: 14514: 14512: 14511: 14507: 14505: 14504: 14500: 14498: 14497: 14493: 14491: 14490: 14486: 14484: 14483: 14479: 14478: 14476: 14472: 14469: 14465: 14460: 14446: 14443: 14442: 14440: 14438: 14434: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14417: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14379: 14376: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14350: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14335: 14333: 14329: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14314: 14312: 14308: 14305: 14301: 14297: 14290: 14285: 14283: 14278: 14276: 14271: 14270: 14267: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14246: 14244: 14240: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14209:Europa Lander 14207: 14205: 14202: 14201: 14199: 14195: 14186: 14183: 14178: 14175: 14174: 14172: 14168: 14162: 14161: 14157: 14155: 14154: 14150: 14148: 14147: 14143: 14141: 14140: 14136: 14134: 14133: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14118: 14116: 14112: 14109: 14105: 14100: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14072: 14070: 14066: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14051: 14049: 14047: 14043: 14037: 14034: 14033: 14031: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14018: 14014: 14007: 14002: 14000: 13995: 13993: 13988: 13987: 13984: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13963: 13961: 13957: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13928: 13926: 13922: 13916: 13913: 13912: 13910: 13906: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13894: 13890: 13889: 13887: 13883: 13877: 13876: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13865: 13859: 13858: 13854: 13852: 13851: 13847: 13845: 13844: 13840: 13836: 13835: 13831: 13829: 13828: 13824: 13823: 13822: 13819: 13815: 13814: 13810: 13808: 13807: 13803: 13802: 13801: 13798: 13797: 13795: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13782: 13763: 13762:Danube Planum 13760: 13759: 13757: 13753: 13747: 13744: 13743: 13741: 13737: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13688: 13682: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13672: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13647: 13645: 13643: 13639: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13499: 13497: 13493: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13468: 13466: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13453: 13449: 13442: 13437: 13435: 13430: 13428: 13423: 13422: 13419: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13398: 13396: 13392: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13368: 13366: 13362: 13353: 13352: 13348: 13343: 13340: 13339: 13337: 13333: 13327: 13326: 13322: 13320: 13319: 13315: 13313: 13312: 13308: 13306: 13305: 13301: 13299: 13298: 13294: 13292: 13291: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13276: 13274: 13270: 13267: 13263: 13244: 13241: 13240: 13238: 13234: 13228: 13225: 13224: 13222: 13218: 13212: 13209: 13208: 13206: 13202: 13196: 13195:Galileo Regio 13193: 13192: 13190: 13186: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13141: 13139: 13137: 13133: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13113: 13111: 13107: 13104: 13100: 13096: 13089: 13084: 13082: 13077: 13075: 13070: 13069: 13066: 13060: 13053: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13027: 13025: 13021: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12985:Double planet 12983: 12982: 12980: 12976: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12954: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12944: 12942: 12938: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12918: 12916: 12912: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12897: 12895: 12891: 12888: 12884: 12878: 12877: 12873: 12872: 12870: 12868: 12864: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12837: 12833: 12832: 12830: 12828: 12824: 12819: 12813: 12807: 12793: 12790: 12789: 12787: 12783: 12777: 12774: 12773: 12771: 12767: 12761: 12760:Adlivun Cavus 12758: 12757: 12755: 12749: 12743: 12740: 12739: 12737: 12733: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12693: 12691: 12685: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12598: 12596: 12592: 12591: 12589: 12585: 12582: 12579: 12574: 12570: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12547: 12543: 12536: 12531: 12529: 12524: 12522: 12517: 12516: 12513: 12503: 12493: 12487: 12486: 12482: 12480: 12479: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12464: 12462: 12458: 12452: 12449: 12442: 12439: 12432: 12429: 12422: 12419: 12412: 12409: 12408: 12406: 12402: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12361:Lisa Hardaway 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12338: 12336: 12332: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12287: 12285: 12281: 12278: 12274: 12264: 12261: 12260: 12258: 12254: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12214: 12212: 12210: 12206: 12203: 12199: 12194: 12179: 12170: 12167: 12158: 12155: 12146: 12143: 12134: 12133: 12131: 12127: 12120: 12111: 12108: 12099: 12096: 12087: 12084: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12042: 12033: 12030: 12021: 12019: 12015: 12012: 12011: 12009: 12005: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11980: 11978: 11974: 11971: 11967: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11953: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11937: 11933: 11929: 11928: 11920: 11915: 11913: 11908: 11906: 11901: 11900: 11897: 11890: 11888: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11875: 11872: 11868: 11864: 11862: 11858: 11855: 11854: 11849: 11847: 11843: 11841: 11837: 11835: 11831: 11829: 11825: 11823: 11819: 11817: 11813: 11811: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11798: 11797: 11787: 11781: 11777: 11772: 11768: 11762: 11758: 11753: 11746: 11742: 11738: 11734: 11730: 11723: 11718: 11714: 11710: 11706: 11702: 11698: 11694: 11687: 11682: 11681: 11661: 11654: 11646: 11642: 11635: 11624:September 22, 11619: 11615: 11611: 11604: 11602: 11585: 11581: 11575: 11560: 11556: 11550: 11531: 11525: 11510: 11506: 11500: 11485: 11481: 11474: 11459: 11455: 11448: 11440: 11433: 11417: 11411: 11395: 11394:SpaceNews.com 11391: 11385: 11369: 11365: 11359: 11352: 11347: 11331: 11327: 11321: 11302: 11298: 11291: 11283: 11267: 11263: 11259: 11252: 11250: 11234: 11230: 11223: 11207: 11203: 11197: 11181: 11177: 11171: 11155: 11151: 11145: 11130: 11126: 11119: 11112: 11108: 11103: 11087: 11083: 11077: 11061: 11057: 11051: 11035: 11031: 11027: 11020: 11018: 11016: 10999: 10996: 10992: 10986: 10971: 10970: 10965: 10958: 10950: 10946: 10943: 10939: 10933: 10917: 10913: 10907: 10891: 10887: 10881: 10865: 10861: 10857: 10851: 10840:September 22, 10835: 10831: 10827: 10823: 10817: 10802: 10801: 10796: 10782: 10766: 10762: 10758: 10751: 10749: 10732: 10728: 10727: 10722: 10715: 10699: 10695: 10694: 10689: 10682: 10667: 10663: 10656: 10647: 10642: 10638: 10634: 10630: 10626: 10622: 10615: 10613: 10596: 10592: 10591: 10586: 10580: 10564: 10560: 10553: 10542:September 12, 10538: 10534: 10527: 10525: 10508: 10504: 10498: 10483: 10479: 10472: 10456: 10452: 10446: 10438: 10434: 10433: 10425: 10417: 10416: 10411: 10404: 10396: 10392: 10386: 10378: 10377: 10372: 10365: 10350: 10349: 10344: 10337: 10318: 10311: 10305: 10289: 10285: 10284: 10279: 10275: 10269: 10253: 10249: 10248: 10243: 10236: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10208: 10202: 10183: 10179: 10172: 10168: 10162: 10146: 10142: 10138: 10131: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10106:press release 10103: 10097: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10059: 10057: 10055: 10053: 10036: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10019: 10012: 10007: 9999: 9995: 9989: 9974: 9970: 9963: 9947: 9943: 9939: 9933: 9917: 9913: 9909: 9902: 9886: 9882: 9878: 9872: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9842: 9826: 9820: 9804: 9800: 9794: 9787: 9782: 9780: 9763: 9756: 9745:September 11, 9741: 9737: 9730: 9728: 9712: 9708: 9701: 9699: 9683: 9679: 9672: 9670: 9653: 9652: 9647: 9641: 9639: 9622: 9618: 9617: 9616:Heavens-Above 9612: 9609:Peat, Chris. 9605: 9603: 9601: 9584: 9580: 9576: 9570: 9568: 9566: 9549: 9545: 9538: 9523: 9522: 9517: 9510: 9494: 9490: 9483: 9475: 9469: 9454: 9453: 9448: 9441: 9425: 9421: 9420: 9415: 9408: 9392: 9391: 9390:Astronomy.com 9386: 9380: 9371: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9350: 9346: 9344: 9334: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9281: 9266: 9264:9781139490221 9260: 9256: 9255: 9247: 9239: 9238: 9233: 9226: 9218: 9214: 9207: 9199: 9195: 9189: 9181: 9180: 9175: 9168: 9152: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9134: 9132: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9108: 9092: 9088: 9084: 9077: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9046: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9016: 9014: 8997: 8993: 8987: 8971: 8967: 8961: 8945: 8941: 8935: 8919: 8915: 8909: 8893: 8889: 8883: 8867: 8863: 8857: 8841: 8835: 8827: 8823: 8817: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8794: 8786: 8780: 8765: 8761: 8755: 8739: 8735: 8729: 8722: 8718: 8715: 8710: 8695: 8691: 8684: 8669: 8665: 8658: 8642: 8638: 8634: 8627: 8619: 8615: 8611: 8607: 8603: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8574: 8572: 8555: 8551: 8545: 8529: 8525: 8519: 8503: 8499: 8493: 8491: 8474: 8470: 8464: 8448: 8444: 8438: 8422: 8418: 8412: 8405: 8401: 8398: 8393: 8386: 8382: 8379: 8374: 8367: 8363: 8360: 8355: 8339: 8335: 8329: 8327: 8325: 8308: 8304: 8298: 8283: 8279: 8272: 8256: 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5934: 5926: 5924: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5890: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5862: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5819: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5802: 5800: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5766: 5764: 5747: 5743: 5742: 5737: 5730: 5714: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5675: 5674: 5669: 5662: 5646: 5642: 5641: 5636: 5629: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5588: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5571: 5555: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5538: 5522: 5518: 5512: 5497: 5493: 5487: 5472: 5468: 5461: 5446: 5442: 5435: 5433: 5417: 5413: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5393: 5390:(Press Kit). 5386: 5380: 5378: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5351: 5345: 5343: 5326: 5322: 5321: 5316: 5309: 5292: 5288: 5282: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5237: 5230: 5229: 5221: 5219: 5202: 5196: 5192: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5138: 5135: 5127: 5124: 5119: 5107: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5086: 5075: 5074: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5033: 5032: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4966: 4942: 4903: 4899: 4878: 4871: 4862: 4858: 4851: 4842: 4838: 4831: 4812: 4810: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4768:orbital speed 4765: 4761: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4720: 4713: 4705: 4696: 4694: 4693:New Horizons' 4689: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4661: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4640: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4628: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4562: 4553: 4551: 4547: 4540:Data download 4537: 4535: 4531: 4526: 4520: 4517: 4506: 4504: 4499: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4480: 4470: 4467: 4462: 4459: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4422: 4411: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4389: 4380: 4375: 4366: 4361: 4352: 4347: 4338: 4327: 4322: 4309: 4306:Animation of 4304: 4297: 4276: 4274: 4269: 4259: 4258: 4251: 4240: 4227: 4217: 4204: 4195: 4188: 4179: 4173: 4165:in April 2016 4164: 4158: 4144: 4142: 4137: 4128: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4081:Pale Blue Dot 4074: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4057: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4040: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4014: 4007:KBO selection 4004: 4001: 3990: 3979: 3968: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3947: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3915: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3894: 3888:Suitable KBOs 3885: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3837: 3832: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3801: 3799: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3768: 3766: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3678: 3673: 3659: 3654: 3645: 3639: 3631: 3625: 3617: 3611: 3603: 3597: 3589: 3583: 3574: 3566: 3563: 3558: 3552: 3543: 3539: 3537: 3536:Doppler shift 3532: 3528: 3524: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3505: 3504:cryovolcanism 3500: 3496: 3489: 3482: 3479:Animation of 3457: 3448: 3441: 3426: 3423: 3415: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3373: – 3372: 3368: 3367:Find sources: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3337:This section 3335: 3331: 3326: 3325: 3320:Flyby details 3317: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3201: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3144:radio silence 3141: 3137: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3095: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3073: 3067: 3063: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3048: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3009: 3000: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2971: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2947: 2936: 2929: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2876: 2872: 2862: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2820: 2815: 2807: 2805:the SVG file, 2800:at 20% scale. 2799: 2790: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2755: 2750: 2740: 2734: 2725: 2719: 2710: 2704: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2676: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2624:magnetosphere 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2594: 2586: 2579: 2575: 2574: 2567: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2521: 2518: 2508: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2484:asteroid belt 2471: 2462: 2458: 2451: 2437: 2434: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2404: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2374: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2360: 2359:Space Shuttle 2356: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2311: 2307: 2297: 2288: 2273: 2260: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2239: 2226: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2193: 2184: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2159:Lisa Hardaway 2155: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2132: 2126: 2118: 2114: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2094:hydrogen wall 2091: 2087: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2056: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1984: 1978: 1965: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1954: 1949: 1943: 1939: 1933: 1925: 1921: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1891:dynamic range 1888: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1856: 1847: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1827:21 watts 1823: 1814: 1812: 1807: 1806: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1781: 1776: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1706: 1698: 1692: 1688: 1675: 1672: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1604:plutonium-238 1601: 1597: 1592: 1589: 1582: 1573: 1566: 1560: 1553: 1547: 1543: 1534: 1532: 1529:. Two Adcole 1528: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1488:There are 16 1486: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1310: 1307: 1299: 1289: 1285: 1279: 1278: 1273:This section 1271: 1267: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1250: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1159: 1157: 1152: 1151:state quarter 1147: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1038:Johns Hopkins 1035: 1030: 1024: 1018: 1013: 1004: 1002: 997: 993: 988: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 953: 951: 947: 946: 941: 937: 932: 930: 926: 922: 918: 913: 908: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 872: 868: 864: 856: 852: 848: 843: 838: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 789: 787: 783: 779: 778:hydrogen wall 775: 771: 770: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 720: 718: 714: 709: 707: 706:magnetosphere 703: 699: 692: 685: 681: 677: 674:proceeded to 673: 669: 666: 662: 657: 653: 650: 646: 642: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 612:study of the 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 582: 573: 563: 562: → 560: 554: 553: 552:New Frontiers 547: 542: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 448: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 424: 423:Charon (moon) 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 400: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 372: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 344: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 321: 317: 313: 311: 307: 303: 301: 297: 292: 288: 284: 281: 278: 274: 271: 268: 265: 261: 255: 252: 248: 236: 232: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 176: 172: 169: 165: 160: 156: 152: 146: 142: 138: 132: 124: 120: 116: 114: 107: 102: 96: 92: 90: 86: 83: 80: 76: 72: 68: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 44: 39: 34: 31: 26: 22: 23115:New Horizons 23091: 23046:Solar System 22970: 22936:162173 Ryugu 22929: 22921: 22909: 22903: 22893:New Horizons 22892: 22891: 22534:Gliese 357 d 22425:66391 Moshup 22207: 22168:New Horizons 22167: 22166: 22158: 22140: 22131: 22123: 22110: 22095:46P/Wirtanen 22022:V906 Carinae 21987:first imaged 21505:(mission to 21500: 21492: 21485:(mission to 21476: 21464: 21367: 21326: 21316:New Horizons 21315: 21314: 21306: 21294: 21282: 21175:Tabby's Star 20946:Gliese 436 b 20666:Space probes 20576: 20564: 20398: 20391: 20385: 20377: 20370: 20361: 20354: 20347: 20340: 20171: 20120:Perseverance 20119: 20081: 20074: 20051: 20011: 19994: 19978:New Horizons 19977: 19976: 19969: 19962: 19935: 19927: 19903: 19891: 19884: 19871: 19859: 19851: 19812: 19804: 19797: 19790: 19519: 19503:Apollo–Soyuz 19147: 19062:SpaceHab LSM 19051: 19038:Fengyun 2-05 18917: 18908:Chinasat-22A 18890: 18768: 18751: 18739: 18586: 18579: 18508:New Horizons 18507: 18388: 18370: 18362: 18336: 18329: 18322: 18288: 18271: 18264: 18238: 18221: 18206:Schiaparelli 18204: 18194: 18186: 18180: 18163: 18156: 18147:Chang'e 5-T1 18139: 18122: 18100: 18088: 18077: 18039: 18022: 18010: 17998: 17986: 17974: 17967: 17960: 17950:Deep Space 1 17948: 17907: 17900: 17874:New Horizons 17873: 17872: 17865: 17854: 17824: 17810: 17796: 17782: 17763:Perseverance 17762: 17749: 17742: 17721: 17716:Mars Express 17714: 17638: 17566:space probes 17484:101955 Bennu 17367:NEO Surveyor 17315: 17306: 17299: 17284:New Horizons 17283: 17282: 17270: 17256: 17249: 17236: 17213: 17206: 17200:Space probes 17189:Torino scale 17098:Impact event 16968: 16948: 16923: 16897: 16890: 16878: 16869: 16862: 16852:New Horizons 16851: 16850: 16841: 16829: 16811: 16680:Ananke group 16377: 16293: 16272: 16258: 16239: 16231: 16212: 16194: 16175: 16168: 16142:New Horizons 16141: 16140: 16133: 16127: 16117: 16110: 16096: 16089: 16000:Colonization 15907:Hayabusa Mk2 15887:Comet Hopper 15882:Clementine 2 15835: 15797: 15777: 15743:MBR Explorer 15471:Deep Space 1 15386: 15378: 15359:New Horizons 15358: 15357: 15271: 15265: 15238: 15231: 15053: 15046: 15039: 15034:New Horizons 15033: 15032: 14874:Comet Hopper 14832: 14825: 14803: 14785: 14778: 14771: 14764: 14617:Colonization 14547: 14529: 14524:New Horizons 14523: 14522: 14515: 14508: 14501: 14494: 14487: 14480: 14445:Gomul Catena 14160:New Horizons 14159: 14158: 14151: 14144: 14137: 14130: 13891: 13873: 13857:New Horizons 13856: 13855: 13848: 13841: 13832: 13825: 13811: 13804: 13349: 13323: 13318:New Horizons 13317: 13316: 13309: 13302: 13295: 13288: 12990:Dwarf planet 12967:Roger Putnam 12876:New Horizons 12875: 12874: 12834: 12716:Piccard Mons 12696:Baret Montes 12483: 12476: 12351:Alice Bowman 12283:Institutions 12007:Observations 11952:New Horizons 11951: 11927:New Horizons 11926: 11925: 11886: 11878:New Horizons 11877: 11861:New Horizons 11860: 11853:Ultima Thule 11852: 11846:New Horizons 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Springer. 11756: 11745:the original 11732: 11728: 11696: 11692: 11664:. Retrieved 11653: 11634: 11622:. Retrieved 11613: 11588:. Retrieved 11584:the original 11574: 11562:. Retrieved 11558: 11549: 11537:. Retrieved 11524: 11514:December 14, 11512:. Retrieved 11508: 11499: 11487:. Retrieved 11484:The Atlantic 11483: 11473: 11463:December 14, 11461:. Retrieved 11457: 11447: 11432: 11420:. Retrieved 11410: 11398:. Retrieved 11393: 11384: 11372:. Retrieved 11367: 11358: 11346: 11334:. Retrieved 11329: 11320: 11308:. Retrieved 11301:the original 11296: 11282: 11270:. Retrieved 11261: 11236:. Retrieved 11232: 11222: 11210:. Retrieved 11206:the original 11196: 11184:. Retrieved 11170: 11158:. Retrieved 11144: 11132:. Retrieved 11128: 11118: 11110: 11102: 11090:. Retrieved 11076: 11064:. Retrieved 11050: 11038:. Retrieved 11002:. Retrieved 10985: 10973:. Retrieved 10967: 10957: 10949:the original 10932: 10922:December 19, 10920:. Retrieved 10906: 10896:December 19, 10894:. 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NASA/JPL. 5281: 5269:. Retrieved 5255: 5243:. Retrieved 5236:the original 5227: 5205:. Retrieved 5195: 5169: 5106: 5095:New Horizons 5094: 5089: 5071: 5064: 5051: 5043: 5036: 5029: 5021: 5009:New Horizons 5008: 4902:New Horizons 4901: 4877:New Horizons 4876: 4861:New Horizons 4860: 4841:New Horizons 4840: 4804:New Horizons 4803: 4790:New Horizons 4789: 4788: 4780:New Horizons 4779: 4759: 4755:New Horizons 4754: 4747:New Horizons 4746: 4738: 4734: 4732: 4728:gravity drag 4718: 4712:New Horizons 4711: 4710: 4692: 4688:New Horizons 4687: 4686: 4682:New Horizons 4681: 4674:New Horizons 4673: 4670: 4667: 4658:heliospheric 4654:New Horizons 4653: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4625: 4623: 4615:New Horizons 4614: 4597:New Horizons 4596: 4589:New Horizons 4588: 4586: 4570:New Horizons 4569: 4567: 4546:New Horizons 4545: 4543: 4534:New Horizons 4533: 4512: 4498:New Horizons 4497: 4496: 4476: 4466:New Horizons 4465: 4463: 4458:New Horizons 4457: 4455: 4418: 4399:New Horizons 4398: 4378: 4364: 4350: 4336: 4325: 4321:New Horizons 4320: 4308:New Horizons 4307: 4268:New Horizons 4267: 4265: 4257:New Horizons 4256: 4178:50000 Quaoar 4115:New Horizons 4114: 4111:New Horizons 4110: 4104: 4086:New Horizons 4085: 4079: 4070: 4063:New Horizons 4062: 4060: 4053: 4044:New Horizons 4043: 4041: 4036:New Horizons 4035: 4033: 4024:Ultima Thule 4023: 4010: 3950: 3939:New Horizons 3938: 3933: 3925:eccentricity 3914:New Horizons 3913: 3910: 3902:New Horizons 3901: 3899: 3882:New Horizons 3881: 3873:New Horizons 3872: 3843: 3841: 3836:New Horizons 3835: 3812: 3793:New Horizons 3792: 3790: 3765:New Horizons 3764: 3762: 3752:; 2.97 3734:New Horizons 3733: 3730: 3721:New Horizons 3720: 3718: 3685:New Horizons 3684: 3682: 3677:New Horizons 3676: 3573:New Horizons 3572: 3562:New Horizons 3561: 3559: 3551:New Horizons 3550: 3549: 3540: 3520: 3499:New Horizons 3498: 3495:New Horizons 3494: 3493: 3481:New Horizons 3480: 3447:New Horizons 3446: 3418: 3409: 3399: 3392: 3385: 3378: 3366: 3350:Please help 3338: 3315: 3292: 3264:Bond albedos 3243:hydrocarbons 3199: 3175: 3165:magnetometer 3161: 3148:Pluto system 3136:New Horizons 3135: 3133: 3128:New Horizons 3127: 3109: 3104:New Horizons 3103: 3101: 3087:New Horizons 3086: 3068: 3064: 3059:New Horizons 3058: 3056: 3052:New Horizons 3051: 3044: 3032: 3024: 2982:New Horizons 2981: 2970:New Horizons 2969: 2966: 2953: 2946:New Horizons 2945: 2935:New Horizons 2934: 2928:New Horizons 2927: 2917:New Horizons 2916: 2890:New Horizons 2889: 2868: 2858:New Horizons 2857: 2855: 2846:New Horizons 2845: 2826:New Horizons 2825: 2824: 2814:New Horizons 2813: 2811: 2794:Plots 2 to 4 2774:of the five 2675:New Horizons 2674: 2644:New Horizons 2643: 2641: 2638:Jovian moons 2628:New Horizons 2627: 2616:New Horizons 2615: 2605: 2597: 2591: 2584: 2578:New Horizons 2577: 2571: 2568: 2560:New Horizons 2559: 2555:New Horizons 2554: 2546:New Horizons 2545: 2544: 2540:New Horizons 2539: 2517:New Horizons 2516: 2514: 2492:New Horizons 2491: 2488:New Horizons 2487: 2481: 2463:in June 2006 2461:New Horizons 2460: 2435: 2431: 2422:New Horizons 2421: 2415: 2398: 2383: 2378:New Horizons 2377: 2344: 2324:New Horizons 2323: 2317: 2306:New Horizons 2305: 2255: 2241: 2221: 2209:New Horizons 2208: 2189: 2170: 2156: 2149: 2131:New Horizons 2130: 2128: 2116: 2098:Solar System 2090:New Horizons 2089: 2085: 2083: 2077: 2054: 2048:New Horizons 2047: 2044:spectrometer 2035: 2034: 2017: 2008:, and other 1994:New Horizons 1993: 1980: 1960: 1942:New Horizons 1941: 1935: 1907: 1898: 1858: 1831:New Horizons 1830: 1822:New Horizons 1821: 1820: 1811:New Horizons 1810: 1803: 1801: 1797:New Horizons 1796: 1792: 1788:New Horizons 1787: 1785: 1780:New Horizons 1779: 1765:New Horizons 1764: 1763: 1744: 1736: 1702: 1691:New Horizons 1690: 1659: 1655:Nucleus RTOS 1629: 1620: 1599: 1593: 1556: 1546:New Horizons 1545: 1509: 1505: 1494:New Horizons 1493: 1487: 1476: 1464:New Horizons 1463: 1462: 1440: 1436: 1430: 1409: 1401:dish antenna 1386: 1382: 1377: 1368: 1362:New Horizons 1361: 1360: 1358:spacecraft. 1337: 1328:New Horizons 1327: 1302: 1293: 1282:Please help 1277:verification 1274: 1255:New Horizons 1254: 1204: 1197: 1185:New Horizons 1184: 1181: 1148: 1139:SpaceShipOne 1137: 1130: 1117:New Horizons 1116: 1105:New Horizons 1104: 1097:reclassified 1089:New Horizons 1088: 1087: 1071:New Horizons 1070: 1065: 1046: 1029:New Horizons 1028: 1027: 1017:New Horizons 1016: 1001:Alice Bowman 996:New Horizons 995: 992:New Horizons 991: 989: 977:New Horizons 976: 969:New Horizons 968: 965:Sean O'Keefe 957:New Horizons 956: 954: 943: 935: 933: 912:New Horizons 911: 909: 904: 900: 897:New Horizons 896: 885:New Horizons 884: 875: 871:New Horizons 870: 860: 847:New Horizons 846: 825:New Horizons 824: 790: 774:New Horizons 773: 767: 744:Ultima Thule 743: 736:New Horizons 735: 732:New Horizons 731: 728:New Horizons 727: 721: 717:New Horizons 716: 710: 691:New Horizons 690: 684:New Horizons 683: 672:New Horizons 671: 641:New Horizons 640: 638: 634:Solar System 624:. It is the 581:New Horizons 580: 579: 578: 561: 550: 347:(incidental) 300:Eccentricity 197:Payload mass 173: / 167:Manufacturer 63:Mission type 43:New Horizons 42: 30:New Horizons 29: 25: 23022:Spaceflight 22938:; Dec 2019) 22923:Opportunity 22918:; Jan 2019) 22851:78P/Gehrels 22819:exoasteroid 22815:WD 0145+234 22778:water vapor 22744:GRB 190114C 22734:ASASSN-19bt 22715:Discoveries 22679:V1298 Tauri 22643:Struve 2398 22361:(announced) 22305:LightSail 2 22284:Space probe 22070:66P/du Toit 22028:V392 Persei 22016:V357 Muscae 21975:FarFarOut ( 21947:(announced) 21916:Discoveries 21523:; Dec 2018) 21509:; Oct 2018) 21502:BepiColombo 21489:; May 2018) 21473:; May 2018) 21444:Space probe 21323:; Jul 2015) 21165:ASASSN-15lh 21150:(announced) 21123:Discoveries 21104:51 Pegasi b 21101:spectrum of 21091:KOI-4878.01 21086:Kepler-453b 21081:Kepler-452b 21076:Kepler-451b 21049:Kepler-442b 21044:Kepler-440b 21039:Kepler-438b 21004:HIP 11915 b 20961:HD 164595 b 20956:HD 155233 b 20940:Aldebaran b 20832:1566 Icarus 20406:Deep fields 20334:and artwork 20332:NASA images 19904:Opportunity 19373:NASA Social 19199:and history 19130:Kosmos 2426 19126:Kosmos 2425 19122:Kosmos 2424 18919:Soyuz TMA-9 18913:Kosmos 2423 18865:Syracuse 3B 18830:Mea Huaka'i 18764:Kosmos 2422 18719:Kosmos 2421 18655:Kosmos 2420 18588:Soyuz TMA-8 18581:FalconSAT-2 18570:Hot Bird 7A 18279:Longjiang-2 18265:Opportunity 18246:Longjiang-1 18124:Deep Impact 17784:BepiColombo 17215:Deep Impact 17076:Main topics 16792:Exploration 16745:Trojan camp 16685:Carme group 16426:Exploration 15978:Exploration 15902:Don Quijote 15662:Deep Impact 15459:Deep Impact 15366:OSIRIS-APEX 14870:Mission 12 14797:Opportunity 14740:Deep Impact 14467:Exploration 14107:Exploration 13785:Exploration 13693:/ Volcanoes 13547:Kinich Ahau 13486:Quadrangles 13265:Exploration 13243:Enki Catena 13211:Uruk Sulcus 13010:Kuiper belt 12867:Exploration 12753:depressions 12751:Valleys and 12726:Wright Mons 12472:Kuiper belt 12445:launch site 12425:upper stage 12371:Cathy Olkin 12209:Instruments 12052:28978 Ixion 12047:15810 Arawn 11778:. Picador. 11666:November 1, 11590:November 3, 11539:November 3, 11336:January 18, 11310:January 18, 11160:November 5, 11134:January 11, 11040:January 26, 10890:Space Daily 10601:February 8, 10569:February 9, 10513:November 5, 10487:November 5, 10455:Space Daily 10225:October 15, 10151:October 15, 10120:October 16, 10086:October 15, 10041:October 16, 9554:October 27, 9527:November 5, 9397:December 6, 9002:November 5, 8976:November 5, 8950:November 5, 8924:November 5, 8898:November 5, 8872:November 5, 8171:October 27, 8145:January 13, 8035:February 3, 8025:Pluto Today 7987:January 14, 7734:Smithsonian 7678:January 12, 7583:January 12, 7555:YouTube.com 7061:October 18, 7051:Imagination 6667:October 29, 6641:October 29, 6615:December 1, 6503:January 17, 6473:January 30, 6413:October 25, 6383:October 25, 6152:Stern, Alan 5851:October 25, 5719:October 28, 5476:January 24, 5350:Leo Laporte 5207:December 1, 4900:footage of 4863:on the pad. 4837:Atlas V 551 4503:Sagittarius 4163:15810 Arawn 4048:15810 Arawn 4046:imaged KBO 3981:(PT2), and 3921:inclination 3875:. Only the 3868:Ice Hunters 3748:(8.76 3742:Sagittarius 3694:light-hours 3527:occultation 3233:Search for 3215:terminators 3091:phase curve 2791:, to scale. 2632:magnetotail 2620:ring system 2040:ultraviolet 1817:Instruments 1671:magnetotail 1563:245.7 1531:Sun sensors 1482:elastomeric 1340:grand piano 1236:Kuiper belt 1191:did at the 811:(8.87 795:(8.72 762:) from the 750:(6.49 618:Kuiper belt 478:Instruments 310:Inclination 263:Launch site 234:Launch date 181:Launch mass 45:space probe 23109:Categories 23070:Technology 22871:171P/Spahr 22821:disruption 22804:2I/Borisov 22581:Kepler-47d 22570:Gliese 784 22564:Gliese 754 22558:Gliese 555 22552:Gliese 687 22539:Gliese 588 22528:Gliese 251 22522:DS Tucanae 22498:Exoplanets 22151:(asteroid 22149:OSIRIS-REx 22145:(Nov 2018) 22143:retirement 22128:(Oct 2018) 22126:retirement 22115:(asteroid 22065:37P/Forbes 21998:SN 2018cow 21928:VVV-WIT-07 21897:HD 89345 b 21812:Exoplanets 21319:(flyby of 21287:(orbiting 21267:10P/Tempel 21257:(Catalina) 21236:88P/Howell 21226:15P/Finlay 21114:Wolf 1061c 21054:Kepler-444 20927:Exoplanets 20494:Moon rocks 20254:Astronauts 20247:NASA lists 20104:OSIRIS-REx 19938:helicopter 19806:Pioneer 11 19799:Pioneer 10 19602:Hitchhiker 19477:suborbital 19314:Space Race 19117:Meridian 1 19112:SAR-Lupe 1 19043:WildBlue 1 18981:Shijian 6D 18977:Shijian 6C 18954:DirecTV-9S 18870:Koreasat 5 18856:Hot Bird 8 18822:AeroCube-1 18550:Arabsat-4A 18529:EchoStar X 18391:helicopter 18330:Mangalyaan 17962:Pioneer 10 17880:OSIRIS-REx 17861:MINERVA-II 17448:Spaceguard 17407:Spacewatch 17387:Pan-STARRS 17382:Orbit@home 17290:OSIRIS-REx 16871:Pioneer 11 16864:Pioneer 10 16740:Greek camp 16534:Atmosphere 16285:Cancelled, 16091:Pioneer 10 15922:Marco Polo 15698:OSIRIS-REx 15449:Clementine 15372:Hayabusa2♯ 15131:Candidates 15116:Mission 4 15101:Mission 3 15091:Mission 2 15048:OSIRIS-REx 14969:Moon Diver 14927:Candidates 14489:Pioneer 11 14482:Pioneer 10 14368:Omolʹ 14126:Pioneer 11 14121:Pioneer 10 13813:Pioneer 11 13806:Pioneer 10 13715:Prometheus 13582:Prometheus 13284:Pioneer 11 13279:Pioneer 10 12921:Alan Stern 12776:Luna Linea 12616:Vucub-Came 12611:Harrington 12553:Atmosphere 12391:Hal Weaver 12386:Alan Stern 12256:Subsystems 12201:Spacecraft 11983:132524 APL 11826:by NASA's 11489:January 1, 11400:January 1, 11374:January 2, 11330:Hubblesite 11297:Hubblesite 11212:January 1, 11186:January 4, 11092:August 28, 11066:August 28, 10806:October 3, 10167:Buie, Marc 9952:August 21, 9922:August 31, 9891:August 23, 9768:August 30, 9355:(2): L35. 9300:1806.08393 8846:October 7, 8802:(83): 14. 8699:October 7, 8647:October 7, 7812:. TribLIVE 7455:Space News 7434:August 16, 7331:JHUAPL.edu 7032:jhuapl.edu 6443:August 26, 6006:August 10, 5947:1808.00400 5912:January 1, 5824:August 30, 5679:October 1, 5471:Ziff Davis 5245:January 3, 5188:References 5174:perihelion 5143: km/s 5132: km/s 5038:Pioneer 11 5031:Pioneer 10 4782:and other 4772:perihelion 4633:Pioneer 11 4627:Pioneer 10 4523:43.4 4415:Objectives 4408:See also: 4360:132524 APL 3944:available 3826:KBO Search 3819:propellant 3785:Oort cloud 3382:newspapers 3261:bolometric 3259:Determine 3249:and other 3229:solar wind 3225:ionosphere 3158:Objectives 3124:Alan Stern 2496:132524 APL 2459:viewed by 2457:132524 APL 2418:trajectory 2304:Launch of 2010:heavy ions 1648:MIPS R3000 1640:Mongoose-V 1636:redundancy 1577:202 W 1525:and three 1523:gyroscopes 1517:redundant 1500:(1.0 1200:solar wind 1193:Red Planet 1042:Alan Stern 889:Alan Stern 887:team with 855:Alan Stern 668:132524 APL 606:Alan Stern 343:132524 APL 328:2457754.5) 276:Contractor 205:Dimensions 23010:Astronomy 22931:Hayabusa2 22905:Chang'e 4 22861:163P/NEAT 22759:GW190521g 22739:AT2019qiz 22608:LP 816-60 22592:L 1159-16 22583:confirmed 22576:HR 5183 b 22511:AD Leonis 22374:Selected 22299:Beresheet 22160:Voyager 2 22112:Hayabusa2 22055:C/2017 U7 21993:AT2018hyz 21829:possible 21575:Selected 21513:Chang'e 4 21308:MESSENGER 21289:comet 67P 21252:C/2013 US 21147:EGS-zs8-1 21109:WASP-121b 21096:LkCa 15 b 20966:HD 219134 20768:Selected 20521:Moon tree 20342:Earthrise 20217:Goldstone 20114:Mars 2020 20083:Voyager 2 20076:Voyager 1 20012:Curiosity 19956:operating 19954:Currently 19936:Ingenuity 19873:MESSENGER 19852:Sojourner 19781:Mercury 3 19771:Apollo 11 19718:Discovery 19708:Explorers 19297:Augustine 19261:Augustine 19070:ANDE-FACL 18991:Sinosat-2 18886:Shijian 8 18879:September 18840:Arirang-2 18834:ICECube-2 18794:ICECube-1 18774:Baumanets 18759:Genesis I 18696:Galaxy 16 18670:Thaicom 5 18615:Astra 1KR 18389:Ingenuity 18312:Chang'e 5 18273:Beresheet 18158:MESSENGER 18035:Chang'e 1 17909:Voyager 2 17902:Voyager 1 17856:Hayabusa2 17850:Chang'e 2 17757:Mars 2020 17751:Tianwen-1 17743:Curiosity 17677:Chang'e 6 17667:Queqiao 2 17647:Chang'e 5 17634:Chang'e 4 17629:Chang'e 3 17443:NEOShield 17278:NEA Scout 17258:Hayabusa2 17123:Meteoroid 17118:Meteorite 16997:Mythology 16963:Tianwen-4 16943:Laplace-P 16899:Voyager 2 16892:Voyager 1 16703:Astronomy 16652:Irregular 16527:Geography 16368:Pioneer H 16353:Laplace-P 16241:Tianwen-4 16112:Voyager 1 15786:Centaurus 15737:Tianwen-2 15688:Hayabusa2 15655:Impactors 15614:Hayabusa2 15533:Pioneer 7 15523:NEA Scout 15518:LICIACube 15444:Chang'e 2 15390:(orbiter) 15368:(orbiter) 15266:Underline 15085:Finalists 15078:Proposals 15055:Dragonfly 14864:Finalists 14857:Proposals 14735:MESSENGER 14570:Cancelled 14558:Tianwen-4 14503:Voyager 2 14496:Voyager 1 14373:Tornarsuk 14197:Cancelled 14139:Voyager 2 14132:Voyager 1 13834:Voyager 2 13827:Voyager 1 13691:Volcanism 13642:Mountains 13632:Viracocha 13617:Thomagata 13542:Kami-Nari 13507:Amaterasu 13476:Mountains 13381:Laplace-P 13364:Cancelled 13297:Voyager 2 13290:Voyager 1 13035:Mythology 12940:Discovery 12886:Astronomy 12689:mountains 12687:Hills and 12573:Geography 12435:3rd stage 12404:Logistics 12366:Brian May 12356:Marc Buie 12276:Personnel 11867:Brian May 11614:Space.com 11368:Space.com 11238:August 2, 11233:Space.com 10969:The Verge 10631:(4): 31. 10258:April 14, 10141:Space.com 9831:August 7, 9740:The Verge 9716:April 27, 9711:Space.com 9682:Space.com 9325:119506499 9066:April 30, 9035:April 22, 8808:1832-0457 8769:August 7, 8618:119267735 8593:1210.4549 8586:(4): 96. 8282:Space.com 7977:Space.com 7762:April 21, 7739:April 21, 7713:April 21, 7622:Space.com 7535:March 28, 7244:0710.5135 7162:March 25, 7129:Space.com 7083:August 5, 6958:August 7, 6898:119216290 6873:0709.4288 6816:April 15, 6786:April 15, 6733:April 15, 6703:April 15, 6525:Astronomy 6493:Space.com 6353:March 14, 6303:April 11, 6090:April 13, 6057:April 16, 5972:119395450 5813:Space.com 5673:Space.com 5618:March 10, 5527:April 15, 5501:April 15, 5362:(Podcast) 5271:April 21, 5136:≈ 5125:⋅ 5073:Voyager 2 5066:Voyager 1 4760:Voyager 1 4739:Voyager 1 4735:Voyager 1 4722:to cover 4650:Voyager 1 4645:Voyager 2 4639:Voyager 1 4528:from the 4401:image of 4078:s famous 4072:Voyager 1 3816:hydrazine 3758:magnitude 3412:June 2024 3339:does not 3140:Telemetry 2955:Voyager 2 2886:resonance 2780:1 January 2455:Asteroid 2340:downrange 2328:borescope 2059:180 2006:electrons 1868:(~1 1813:rotated. 1805:Voyager 2 1662:safe mode 1586:190 1570:3.5 1490:thrusters 1468:hydrazine 1433:radiative 1422:shielding 1393:decagonal 1373:hexagonal 1296:July 2020 973:Ed Weiler 901:Pluto 350 780:" at the 445:Flyby of 421:Flyby of 397:Flyby of 369:Flyby of 341:Flyby of 245: UTC 216:245 watts 95:2006-001A 89:COSPAR ID 22808:20 22765:GW190814 22754:GW190412 22698:Wolf 359 22656:Tau Ceti 22614:LTT 1445 22587:K2-288Bb 22286:launches 22038:Comets 21961:Farout ( 21937:10 21907:NGTS-3Ab 21902:KELT-21b 21879:K2-288Bb 21446:launches 21328:Akatsuki 21205:GW151226 21193:GW150914 21185:VFTS 352 21034:KELT-4Ab 20705:Astrosat 20642: » 20565:Category 20227:Canberra 20139:timeline 20127:timeline 20063:timeline 20019:timeline 19916:observed 19911:timeline 19879:Aquarius 19819:timeline 19792:Magellan 19754:missions 19652:Surveyor 19588:programs 19518:Shuttle– 19459:programs 19291:Aldridge 19210:creation 19098:TacSat-2 19088:MEASAT-3 19066:ANDE-MAA 19031:December 19005:November 18958:Optus D1 18897:ITS P3/4 18861:JCSAT-3A 18810:HAUSAT-1 18790:Rincon 1 18753:INSAT-4C 18691:KazSat-1 18666:Satmex 6 18662:/ EWS-G1 18639:CloudSat 18630:Yaogan 1 18605:JCSAT-5A 18566:Spainsat 18522:February 18102:Stardust 18079:Hayabusa 17798:Akatsuki 17619:CAPSTONE 17330:tracking 17317:Stardust 17251:Hayabusa 17083:Asteroid 17015:Category 16936:Proposed 16798:missions 16675:Valetudo 16664:Themisto 16643:Callisto 16638:Ganymede 16620:Galilean 16605:Amalthea 16600:Adrastea 16443:Callisto 16438:Ganymede 16287:concepts 16206:En route 16179:(active) 16161:Orbiters 15877:Castalia 15759:Proposed 15731:DESTINY+ 15693:Stardust 15683:Hayabusa 15602:Hayabusa 15584:Timeline 15562:Orbiters 15548:Stardust 15491:Sakigake 15374:(lander) 15220:Missions 15105:MoonRise 15095:MoonRise 15026:Missions 14944:ISOCHRON 14805:ASPERA-3 14720:Stardust 14691:Missions 14415:Valhalla 14390:Heimdall 14296:Callisto 13908:Proposed 13627:Tvashtar 13537:Gish Bar 13144:Achelous 13095:Ganymede 12947:Planet X 12847:Kerberos 12643:Hayabusa 12621:Hun-Came 12601:Safronov 12578:features 12502:Category 12431:Star 48B 12263:GPHS-RTG 12129:Rejected 12072:Makemake 11950:List of 11940:Timeline 11618:Archived 11272:July 14, 11266:Archived 11180:Archived 11154:Archived 11086:Archived 11060:Archived 11034:Archived 10916:Archived 10864:Archived 10834:Archived 10731:Archived 10698:Archived 10595:Archived 10437:Archived 10317:Archived 10288:Archived 10283:Discover 10252:Archived 10219:Archived 10080:Archived 10035:Archived 9916:Archived 9809:June 27, 9621:Archived 9583:Archived 9548:Archived 9546:. NASA. 9499:July 17, 9458:July 14, 9452:NBC News 9430:July 14, 9424:Archived 9293:(4): 4. 9151:Archived 9143:NASA.gov 9091:Archived 9060:Archived 9029:Archived 9027:. 2012. 8996:Archived 8970:Archived 8944:Archived 8918:Archived 8892:Archived 8866:Archived 8826:NBC News 8717:Archived 8673:July 26, 8641:Archived 8400:Archived 8381:Archived 8362:Archived 8251:NBC News 8118:June 20, 8092:June 20, 8062:June 20, 7956:June 11, 7925:July 16, 7919:Archived 7899:July 16, 7893:Archived 7847:June 11, 7793:July 31, 7672:Archived 7487:June 27, 7460:July 16, 7269:18137697 7156:Archived 7135:July 13, 7109:July 13, 6978:Fox News 6780:Archived 6751:Archived 6727:Archived 6694:Archived 6635:Archived 6609:Archived 6587:Archived 6297:Archived 6271:Archived 6207:Archived 6128:Archived 6084:Archived 6079:Discover 6031:June 24, 6000:Archived 5906:Archived 5845:Archived 5818:Archived 5782:Archived 5746:Archived 5713:Archived 5651:July 14, 5645:Archived 5593:July 14, 5587:Archived 5560:July 14, 5554:Archived 5450:July 12, 5421:July 12, 5331:July 19, 5325:Archived 5297:July 25, 5291:Archived 5265:Archived 5007:List of 4975:See also 4963:(00:50; 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