342:
citizens. It planned all new towns carefully, with the objective that the new towns should be self-reliant. Besides residential areas, then, the government included commercial, industrial and recreational areas in the planning of the new towns in the first two phases, such that the new towns could provide their residents with enough job opportunities. The attempt, if successful, could minimise the need for transportation between the new towns and the city centre, lowering both residents’ travel expenditures and the burden on the transportation system. For this reason, the government planned industrial areas near all the new towns it planned before the 1980s:
309:
towns were established in the 2000s and early 2010s, and new-town development was restricted to further development of the ones already developed. In response to excess housing demand since the late 2000s, however, which resulted in extremely high housing prices and rents as well as very long queues in pending for public housing, government considered to add to the number of new towns again. In the early 2010s, the government proposed to build new towns in
334:
148:, were built to provide work opportunities for the residents in the nearby new towns. Although the government successfully turned most of the new towns's town centres into vibrant commercial and cultural centres in their areas, the overall objective of self-reliance for the new towns failed, since most residents still had their jobs in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon; the objective became impossible to accomplish when most of Hong Kong's
22:
197:. The government, for the first time, built public housing to accommodate the victims and found a change in housing policy essential. On the one hand, the government began to provide public housing, and on the other hand it proposed to develop “satellite towns” in undeveloped areas in order to make more lands available for the increasing housing need. At first, it identified
250:. These new towns were intended to accommodate a few hundred thousand people each. For example, according to the first plan in 1961, the government planned to accommodate 360,000 people in Sha Tin once the entire new town had been built; the estimated population in Sha Tin rose to 500,000 in the planning of the early 1970s. In the corresponding areas,
99:. With the success of these new towns, and the experience gained from building them, the government launched further stages of new-town development in subsequent decades. To date, nine new towns have been built, and about half of the Hong Kong population lives in these newly developed areas. After the government had built
189:, which brought a large number of refugees to Hong Kong from the 1950s to the early 1970s and led to the rapid advance of Hong Kong's economy from the 1970s to the early 1990s. The government in the 1950s originally had no plans to deal with the problem of housing the increasing population, until the
308:
New Town development slowed in the 2000s, on account of unexpectedly slow population growth. Indeed, even the development of North Lantau New Town was hindered: the population of North Lantau New Town was just 80,000 in early 2010s, less than half of the 200,000 originally planned. No additional new
86:
Plans to develop new areas were continued in the late 1960s and 1970s, when the name “new town” was officially adopted. As most flat lands in Hong Kong Island and
Kowloon had already been developed, the government proposed to build new towns in the New Territories, a largely rural area at that time.
517:
When new towns were first developed, land reclamation was an important way of gaining land to build on. Large areas were gained by land reclamations in Sha Tin, Tsuen Wan, Tuen Mun, Tai Po, Tsing Yi, Ma On Shan, Tin Shui Wai, Tseung Kwan O and Tung Chung – 7 of 9 new towns, with
Fanling-Sheung Shui
341:
The planning of the new towns was, in colonial history, the first major attempt at horizontal coordination among government departments. Regarding it as a cornerstone of Hong Kong social policy, the colonial government aimed to alleviate urban overpopulation and improve quality of life for ordinary
404:
in Hong Kong began moving to the
Mainland China, where costs were much lower, and Hong Kong gradually emerged instead as a commercial and financial centre in the region. In consequence, most of the work opportunities remained in the urban areas, forcing residents in the new towns to travel between
237:
In the late 1960s and the 1970s, another stage of new-town developments was launched and the term "new town" was officially adopted. As most flat lands in
Kowloon and Hong Kong Island had already been developed, the government proposed to build new towns in New Territories, a largely rural area at
135:
Land use is carefully planned in new towns, and development sets aside plenty of room for public housing projects. Highways, tunnels, bridges and railways have been built for accessibility. The first few new towns, such as Tuen Mun, Sha Tin, Yuen Long and Tai Po, were intended to be self-reliant,
421:
Typically, a new town was planned and developed around a town centre, which was the town's business, cultural and traffic hub. For example, in the town centres of Tuen Mun New Town and Sha Tin New Town, one can find shopping centres, public libraries, theatres, government offices, parks, and bus
409:, or even rebuilt as residential apartments. The new towns planned in the 1980s and 1990s had either no more industrial areas (e.g. Tin Shui Wai New Town and Tung Chung), or industrial areas with only high-value-adding industries allowed (e.g.
238:
that time. Kwun Tong, as the first satellite town, was not considered as a new town, as it was part of
Kowloon and regarded by the government as part of the urban area. The first phase of new town development was unveiled in 1973, including
217:. Thus, in the late 1950s, Kwun Tong became the first developed satellite town. Around the same time, the government also began to develop Tsuen Wan as a satellite town. In 1967, using a similar concept on a smaller scale, it also built
115:
and it became difficult for residents to buy new homes, the Hong Kong government suggested that new towns be built again in the 2010s, hoping thereby to increase the supply in the private housing market and provide more flats for
434:
after Tsuen Wan New Town had expanded to Tsing Yi. With the exception of Tin Shui Wai New Town, the only new town without a clear town centre, the new towns’ town centres became vibrant business and cultural hubs of their areas.
443:
Transport is vital for the new towns, and thus is planned with care. Before the development of new towns, most areas in the New
Territories were poorly connected; new development required both roads and public transport.
180:
Before the 1950s, most of the population in Hong Kong lived in Hong Kong's urban area, namely the central and western parts of the
Kowloon Peninsula and the northern coast of Hong Kong Island. After the
493:
were the only links to
Kowloon, the traffic between these new towns and the urban area was highly congested, prompting the government to study new road and rail links. The situation improved when
405:
the new towns and the city centre every day. From the 1990s on, when Hong Kong had almost no more substantial secondary industries, the industrial buildings were repurposed into offices and
325:. The proposals are matters of heated public debate; if the proposals are adopted, construction work is expected to begin in the mid-2010s, and its first phase to end in the early 2020s.
140:
and recreational areas, such that residents would not need to travel between the new towns and the city centre for work and leisure. To this end, a few industrial estates, such as
455:
were two principal highways built in the late 1970s and early 1980s to connect the new towns in western New
Territories and eastern New Territories to New Kowloon; tunnels (e.g.
273:
also began in the mid-1970s, and was regarded as part of the second phase of new-town development. The third phase of new-town development was proposed in the 1980s, including
257:
The first phase having succeeded, Hong Kong government proposed later in the 1970s to build New Towns in other areas as well. As part of this second phase, the development of
285:, the last of which was officially considered as an extension of Sha Tin New Town. The fourth phase of new-town development, so far the last, commenced in 1996 and developed
470:
Public transport was also developed. Many new towns were planned with new railway lines (e.g. MTR stations in Tsuen Wan New Town, Tseung Kwan O New Town, Tung Chung and the
422:
terminuses. Any new town with a railway station had its town centre planned near it. Tsuen Wan New Town was distinctive in having more than one town centre, situated around
497:
opened in 1998. These new towns in the north-western New
Territories were finally connected to urban areas with direct railway service when KCR West Rail (now part of the
889:
1116:
1042:
254:
to create new space for some of the new towns. These newly developed towns, maturing in the 1980s, provided new homes to more than 1 million Hong Kong people.
71:, were designated as the first satellite towns, when the urban area in Hong Kong was still relatively small, restricted to the central and western parts of
485:, although at the time they remained the only new towns without direct railway service to the urban areas. Because there was no railway transport, and
1492:
1032:
1046:
478:
was electrified in the early 1980s in order to provide convenient transport to the new towns at Fanling-Sheung Shui, Tai Po and Sha Tin.
1833:
1635:
1506:
83:
was also built in a remote corner on the southern side of Hong Kong Island, with similar concepts but at a smaller scale.
1381:
1356:
1331:
1248:
1223:
1195:
1149:
1124:
1549:
1170:
1595:
1465:
410:
398:
298:
165:
149:
447:
To ease the traffic between the new towns and the urban area, new roads and highways were built. For example,
1580:
1719:
1086:
904:
721:
266:
390:
145:
117:
1532:"Result of North East New Territories New Development Areas Planning and Engineering Study (with video)"
397:
The idea did not work, however. In the 1980s, when the new towns were developing at their highest pace,
172:. This experience influenced the colonial Hong Kong government's development of new towns in Hong Kong.
1628:
1431:
475:
885:
741:
40:
383:
141:
1478:
1531:
32:
1754:
1009:
999:
748:
460:
274:
209:, located in then-underdeveloped eastern Kowloon, would be attractive to people living in the
185:, however, the population boomed. The drastic growth was due to prolonged political unrest in
1769:
1621:
927:
873:
824:
797:
464:
286:
278:
112:
100:
25:
1005:
401:
107:
in the 1990s, the pace at which it developed new towns slowed in the 2000s, owing to lower
8:
592:
222:
1733:
1679:
1512:. Tsuen Wan and West Kowloon District Planning Office, Planning Department of Hong Kong
1310:
1082:
961:
951:
942:
877:
864:
817:
714:
694:
588:
552:
262:
239:
88:
36:
269:
began in 1976, 1977 and 1978 respectively; the extension of the Tsuen Wan New Town to
1764:
1698:
1067:
1058:
986:
790:
660:
640:
612:
427:
423:
282:
247:
190:
108:
96:
72:
1693:
1599:
1302:
1078:
1050:
1036:
1026:
1017:
922:
850:
633:
599:
490:
482:
456:
431:
251:
243:
182:
169:
92:
76:
1714:
978:
969:
687:
667:
471:
361:, north of Wong Chu Road, east of Shan King Estate and south of Tai Hing Gardens;
258:
137:
68:
1452:
242:, which as a satellite town was not brought to full-scale development, and also
43:. During the first phase of development, the newly developed towns were called "
494:
358:
186:
48:
44:
1603:
132:
have been proposed by the government and currently under public consultation.
1827:
1790:
1738:
995:
991:
869:
769:
765:
486:
448:
310:
270:
218:
121:
104:
80:
1759:
1293:
1266:
1022:
974:
498:
452:
376:
365:
302:
214:
1553:
1406:
1809:
1727:
1613:
1063:
914:
322:
194:
1479:""Tsuen Wan Legend" to celebrate 50th anniversary of Tsuen Wan New Town"
1814:
North Lantau New Town (Tung Chung Development Plan Phase 3 and Phase 4)
1773:
1687:
1314:
829:
761:
561:
369:
294:
290:
226:
202:
87:
The first phase of new-town development, which began in 1973, included
1683:
1663:
1658:
947:
557:
406:
206:
198:
64:
56:
1306:
333:
1805:
1795:
910:
895:
753:
565:
509:
New towns’ residential areas have both private and public housing.
351:
318:
314:
293:
was developed, although originally the plan included the area near
125:
1581:"Places from the Past lost in New Towns: Hong Kong's Old Villages"
21:
1800:
1723:
957:
936:
900:
608:
604:
481:
New towns in the north-western New Territories were connected by
129:
60:
1291:
Scott, Ian (1982). "Administering the New Towns of Hong Kong".
757:
357:
Tuen Mun New Town: Tuen Mun Industrial Area 屯門工業區, west of the
347:
229:, in a remote corner on the southern side of Hong Kong Island.
205:
as sites for the first satellite towns, but it then found that
52:
1267:"North East New Territories New Development Areas - The Study"
153:
136:
each having not only residential areas but also commercial,
518:
New Town and Yuen Long New Town being the only exceptions.
210:
571:
1959 (construction and planning begins, as satellite town)
368:
Industrial Area 柴灣角工業區, Texaco Industrial Area 德士古工業區 and
890:
North East New Territories New Development Areas Planning
573:1961 (formal, full scale development as new town)
193:in 1953 destroyed the homes of 58,203 people in a
1432:"Reclamation & Development in Hong Kong 1996"
930:(Tung Chung Development Plan Phase 3 and Phase 4)
168:to help relocate displaced populations after the
1825:
1579:Van Dijk, Terry; Weitkamp, Gerd (6 March 2017).
1578:
1739:Tsing Yi Town (extension of Tsuen Wan New Town)
305:. At present, there are nine new towns in all.
937:Planned new districts in established new towns
1629:
1249:"Development Phases of North Lantau New Town"
1588:METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture
467:) were also built to shorten travel times.
1765:Ma On Shan (extension of Sha Tin New Town)
1643:
1636:
1622:
16:Newly developed towns in the 20th century
521:
332:
20:
1453:"Tsuen Wan Town Hall - A Changing Town"
1826:
1617:
1550:"Tung Chung New Town Extension Study"
1290:
297:), as a supporting town for the then-
164:The British government had developed
1326:
1324:
1218:
1216:
1144:
1142:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
858:
512:
67:, located in the south-west of the
13:
1572:
1188:
175:
14:
1845:
1321:
1213:
1139:
1102:
328:
1834:Planned communities in Hong Kong
1596:Middle East Technical University
1357:"Government Planned Development"
35:started developing new towns in
1542:
1524:
1499:
1485:
1471:
1459:
1445:
1424:
1399:
1374:
1349:
416:
411:Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate
166:new towns in the United Kingdom
47:", a concept borrowed from the
1284:
1259:
1241:
1163:
544:Population density (people/km)
375:Fanling-Sheung Shui New Town:
41:Hong Kong's booming population
1:
1095:
1481:. info.gov.hk. 3 March 2011.
1087:Fanling-Sheung Shui New Town
905:Fanling-Sheung Shui New Town
722:Fanling-Sheung Shui New Town
438:
267:Fanling-Sheung Shui New Town
232:
7:
391:Yuen Long Industrial Estate
221:, which lay to the west of
146:Yuen Long Industrial Estate
51:, of which Hong Kong was a
10:
1850:
504:
159:
1783:
1747:
1707:
1672:
1651:
1604:10.4305/METU.JFA.2017.2.5
828:(Currently only includes
299:newly constructed airport
75:and the northern side of
547:Administrative division
430:, and later also around
384:Tai Po Industrial Estate
337:Tai Po Industrial Estate
152:industries had moved to
142:Tai Po Industrial Estate
111:. As demand rose in the
1224:"Historical Background"
1196:"Historical Background"
1171:"Historical Background"
1117:"Historical Background"
896:Kwu Tung North New Town
379:Industrial Area 安樂村工業區;
126:Kwu Tung North New Town
1645:New towns of Hong Kong
1010:Tseung Kwan O New Town
1000:Tseung Kwan O New Town
901:North Fanling New Town
870:Hung Shui Kiu New Town
749:Tseung Kwan O New Town
476:Kowloon–Canton Railway
338:
275:Tseung Kwan O New Town
130:North Fanling New Town
122:Hung Shui Kiu New Town
28:
928:North Lantau New Town
874:Tin Shui Wai New Town
825:North Lantau New Town
798:Tin Shui Wai New Town
522:Established new towns
474:for Ma On Shan). The
336:
287:North Lantau New Town
279:Tin Shui Wai New Town
59:, located in eastern
26:Tin Shui Wai New Town
24:
1507:"Tsuen Wan New Town"
1006:Anderson Road Quarry
917:New Town (Suspended)
463:) and bridges (e.g.
389:Yuen Long New Town:
364:Tsuen Wan New Town:
317:, North Fanling and
33:Hong Kong government
1720:Fanling-Sheung Shui
1382:"Planning Concepts"
1332:"Planning Concepts"
1127:on 7 September 2017
593:Kwai Tsing District
532:Time of development
461:Tate's Cairn Tunnel
1407:"香港地方 | 地方 | 填海工程"
1271:www.nentnda.gov.hk
1083:Yuen Long New Town
1008:Development Plan (
962:Yuen Long New Town
952:Yuen Long New Town
943:Yuen Long District
878:Yuen Long New Town
865:Yuen Long District
818:Yuen Long District
715:Yuen Long District
695:Yuen Long New Town
589:Tsuen Wan District
553:Tsuen Wan New Town
538:Planned population
501:) opened in 2003.
483:Light Rail Transit
346:Sha Tin New Town:
339:
263:Yuen Long New Town
252:land was reclaimed
240:Tsuen Wan New Town
29:
1821:
1820:
1068:Tuen Mun New Town
1059:Tuen Mun District
987:Sai Kung District
859:Planned new towns
856:
855:
791:Sai Kung District
661:Tuen Mun District
641:Tuen Mun New Town
428:Kwai Fong station
424:Tsuen Wan station
382:Tai Po New Town:
248:Tuen Mun New Town
191:Shek Kip Mei Fire
109:population growth
73:Kowloon Peninsula
1841:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1585:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1552:. Archived from
1546:
1540:
1539:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1411:www.hk-place.com
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1386:www.pland.gov.hk
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1361:www.pland.gov.hk
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1336:www.pland.gov.hk
1328:
1319:
1318:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1253:www.pland.gov.hk
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1228:www.pland.gov.hk
1220:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1200:www.pland.gov.hk
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1175:www.pland.gov.hk
1167:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1123:. Archived from
1121:www.pland.gov.hk
1113:
1079:Lok Ma Chau Loop
1051:Sha Tin New Town
1037:Sha Tin New Town
1027:Sha Tin New Town
1018:Sha Tin District
923:Islands District
851:Islands District
634:Sha Tin District
600:Sha Tin New Town
526:
525:
513:Land reclamation
491:Castle Peak Road
457:Lion Rock Tunnel
432:Tsing Yi station
399:secondary sector
244:Sha Tin New Town
183:Second World War
170:Second World War
150:secondary sector
77:Hong Kong Island
1849:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1779:
1743:
1703:
1668:
1652:Satellite towns
1647:
1642:
1611:
1583:
1575:
1573:Further reading
1570:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1556:on 28 June 2016
1548:
1547:
1543:
1536:www.info.gov.hk
1530:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1493:"Urban Mapping"
1491:
1490:
1486:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1307:10.2307/2643702
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1115:
1114:
1103:
1098:
979:Tai Po New Town
970:Tai Po District
939:
861:
827:
751:
688:Tai Po District
668:Tai Po New Town
602:
572:
555:
535:2012 population
524:
515:
507:
472:Ma On Shan Rail
465:Tsing Yi Bridge
441:
419:
331:
259:Tai Po New Town
235:
178:
176:Satellite towns
162:
120:. For example,
69:New Territories
45:satellite towns
39:to accommodate
17:
12:
11:
5:
1847:
1837:
1836:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1803:
1798:
1796:Kwu Tung North
1793:
1787:
1785:
1784:Under planning
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1734:Yuen Long Town
1731:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1541:
1523:
1498:
1484:
1470:
1458:
1444:
1423:
1398:
1373:
1348:
1320:
1283:
1258:
1240:
1212:
1187:
1162:
1138:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1040:
1030:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1003:
984:
983:
982:
967:
966:
965:
955:
938:
935:
934:
933:
932:
931:
920:
919:
918:
908:
903:(Extension of
898:
886:North District
883:
882:
881:
860:
857:
854:
853:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
821:
820:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
794:
793:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
745:
744:
742:North District
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
718:
717:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
691:
690:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
664:
663:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
637:
636:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
596:
595:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
569:
549:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
523:
520:
514:
511:
506:
503:
495:Tai Lam Tunnel
440:
437:
418:
415:
395:
394:
387:
380:
373:
362:
359:Tuen Mun River
355:
330:
329:Urban planning
327:
234:
231:
187:Mainland China
177:
174:
161:
158:
118:public housing
113:housing market
49:United Kingdom
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1846:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:North Fanling
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1791:Hung Shui Kiu
1789:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1755:Tseung Kwan O
1753:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1508:
1502:
1494:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1448:
1433:
1427:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:Pak Shing Kok
993:
992:Tseung Kwan O
990:
989:
988:
985:
980:
976:
973:
972:
971:
968:
963:
959:
956:
953:
949:
946:
945:
944:
941:
940:
929:
926:
925:
924:
921:
916:
912:
909:
906:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
891:
887:
884:
879:
875:
871:
868:
867:
866:
863:
862:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
826:
823:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
770:Tseung Kwan O
767:
766:Tiu Keng Leng
763:
759:
755:
750:
747:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
610:
606:
601:
598:
597:
594:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
570:
567:
563:
559:
554:
551:
550:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
527:
519:
510:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:Tuen Mun Road
484:
479:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:Tuen Mun Road
445:
436:
433:
429:
425:
414:
412:
408:
403:
400:
392:
388:
385:
381:
378:
374:
371:
367:
363:
360:
356:
353:
349:
345:
344:
343:
335:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:Hung Shui Kiu
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:Tsing Yi Town
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
230:
228:
224:
220:
219:Wah Fu Estate
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
173:
171:
167:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
106:
105:Lantau Island
102:
98:
94:
90:
84:
82:
81:Wah Fu Estate
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
27:
23:
19:
1770:North Lantau
1760:Tin Shui Wai
1644:
1610:
1591:
1587:
1558:. Retrieved
1554:the original
1544:
1535:
1526:
1516:29 September
1514:. Retrieved
1501:
1487:
1473:
1461:
1447:
1437:16 September
1435:. Retrieved
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1410:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1385:
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1360:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1335:
1301:(7): 663–4.
1298:
1294:Asian Survey
1292:
1286:
1274:. Retrieved
1270:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:
1203:. Retrieved
1199:
1190:
1178:. Retrieved
1174:
1165:
1156:
1129:. Retrieved
1125:the original
1120:
1023:Shui Chuen O
975:Pak Shek Kok
516:
508:
499:Tuen Ma Line
480:
469:
453:Tolo Highway
446:
442:
420:
417:Town centres
396:
377:On Lok Tsuen
366:Chai Wan Kok
340:
307:
303:Chek Lap Kok
256:
236:
215:Ngau Tau Kok
179:
163:
134:
85:
30:
18:
1810:Ta Kwu Ling
1728:Sheung Shui
1715:Tai Po Town
1598:: 197–220.
1468:dsd.gov.hk
1150:"Factsheet"
1064:So Kwun Wat
1033:Kau To Hill
915:Ta Kwu Ling
752:(including
603:(including
556:(including
323:Ta Kwu Ling
195:shanty town
1774:Tung Chung
1688:Kwai Chung
1096:References
1047:Lok Wo Sha
994:South and
830:Tung Chung
762:LOHAS Park
613:Ma On Shan
562:Kwai Chung
407:warehouses
402:industries
370:Kwai Chung
295:Tai Ho Wan
291:Tung Chung
283:Ma On Shan
227:Pok Fu Lam
213:of nearby
203:Kwai Chung
138:industrial
101:a new town
1748:Phase III
1726:Town and
1686:Town and
1684:Tsuen Wan
1680:Tsuen Wan
1664:Tsuen Wan
1659:Kwun Tong
1043:Whitehead
948:Yuen Long
558:Tsuen Wan
541:Area (km)
529:New Towns
439:Transport
413:將軍澳工業邨).
233:New towns
207:Kwun Tong
199:Tsuen Wan
89:Tsuen Wan
65:Tsuen Wan
57:Kwun Tong
37:the 1950s
1828:Category
1806:Ping Che
1708:Phase II
1699:Tuen Mun
1416:20 March
1391:20 March
1366:20 March
1341:20 March
1276:20 March
1233:20 March
1205:20 March
1180:20 March
1131:20 March
911:Ping Che
754:Hang Hau
566:Tsing Yi
352:Shek Mun
319:Ping Che
315:Kwu Tung
223:Aberdeen
97:Tuen Mun
1724:Fanling
1694:Sha Tin
1673:Phase I
1560:13 June
1315:2643702
1075:Others
960:South (
958:Kam Tin
950:South (
841:220,000
808:306,000
805:288,000
781:450,000
778:372,000
732:291,000
729:255,000
705:196,000
702:148,000
678:347,000
675:265,000
651:649,000
648:486,000
624:735,000
621:636,000
609:Tai Wai
605:Sha Tin
579:845,000
576:856,000
505:Housing
160:History
93:Sha Tin
61:Kowloon
1313:
1157:gov.hk
872:(Near
838:78,000
814:63,000
787:34,800
768:, and
758:Po Lam
738:31,300
711:18,000
684:22,200
657:25,710
630:18,000
611:, and
585:32,300
564:, and
393:元朗工業邨.
386:大埔工業邨;
348:Fo Tan
289:(only
63:, and
53:colony
1730:Town)
1690:Town)
1594:(2).
1584:(PDF)
1510:(PDF)
1311:JSTOR
1153:(PDF)
847:9,700
784:10.05
708:11.70
681:12.70
654:19.00
627:35.87
582:24.00
211:slums
154:China
1562:2016
1518:2021
1466:Book
1439:2023
1418:2018
1393:2018
1368:2018
1343:2018
1278:2018
1235:2018
1207:2018
1182:2018
1133:2018
1085:and
1045:and
876:and
844:8.30
835:1996
811:4.30
802:1987
775:1982
735:7.80
726:1978
699:1977
672:1976
645:1973
618:1973
591:and
489:and
459:and
451:and
426:and
350:and
281:and
265:and
246:and
201:and
144:and
128:and
95:and
31:The
1600:doi
1303:doi
301:in
225:in
103:on
1830::
1592:35
1590:.
1586:.
1534:.
1409:.
1384:.
1359:.
1334:.
1323:^
1309:.
1299:22
1297:.
1269:.
1251:.
1226:.
1215:^
1198:.
1173:.
1155:.
1141:^
1119:.
1104:^
892:)
764:,
760:,
756:,
607:,
560:,
313:,
277:,
261:,
156:.
124:,
91:,
79:.
55:.
1808:-
1776:)
1772:(
1722:(
1682:(
1637:e
1630:t
1623:v
1606:.
1602::
1564:.
1538:.
1520:.
1495:.
1455:.
1441:.
1420:.
1395:.
1370:.
1345:.
1317:.
1305::
1280:.
1255:.
1237:.
1209:.
1184:.
1159:.
1135:.
1089:)
1081:(
1070:)
1066:(
1053:)
1049:(
1039:)
1035:(
1029:)
1025:(
1012:)
1002:)
998:(
981:)
977:(
964:)
954:)
913:-
907:)
888:(
880:)
832:)
772:)
615:)
568:)
372:;
354:;
321:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
