579:
1690:
1010:
2932:
1628:
1677:
2431:, Nguyễn Quang Duy (阮光維), Nguyễn Quang Thiệu (阮光紹) and Nguyễn Quang Bàn (阮光盤), were captured alive. Nguyễn Quang Thùy committed suicide; the others were executed by having their bodies dismembered by having five elephants pull the limbs and head (五象分屍). The tombs of Nguyễn Nhạc and Nguyễn Huệ were razed to the ground, their remains were dug out and crushed into ashes. The skulls of Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Huệ and Huệ's wife, were locked up in prison in perpetuity. It was said that Nguyễn Huệ had desecrated the tombs of Nguyễn lords before, Nguyễn Ánh did that to "revenge for the ancestors".
3023:
1608:
1143:
2139:
2459:
53:
2471:
957:
526:
781:, the powerful official Trương Phúc Loan began to arrogate to himself control over the Nguyễn government. For the purpose of resisting against the excessive power of Trương Phúc Loan and coming to the assistance of Prince Nguyễn Phúc Dương, the Tây Sơn Brothers gathered an army and revolted against the government of the Nguyễn Lords. The rebel army of the Tây Sơn quickly occupied the central part of Nguyễn's territory covering from
1556:, over half number of Chinese soldiers died in the battle. Sun Shiyi, the commander-in-chief of Chinese army, abandoned his army, fled for his life back to China with several soldiers. Lê Chiêu Tông also fled to China. Huệ marched into Thăng Long, his clothes was blackened by gunpowder. Tây Sơn army marched further north after the battle; they reached Lạng Sơn, and threatened to march across the border to arrest Lê Chiêu Thống.
761:
1363:
3517:
1446:, Sun announced that there was a very large number of Qing army, in order to threaten Tây Sơn soldiers. Chinese marched south swiftly. Realizing Tây Sơn army could not stop Chinese army from marching to Thăng Long, Ngô Văn Sở accepted Ngô Thì Nhậm's idea, abandoned Thăng Long and retreated to Tam Điệp orderly. In Tam Điệp, Ngô Văn Sở sent Nguyễn Văn Tuyết to Phú Xuân to ask for aid.
1045:, only a small army was left in Gia Định. Nguyễn Ánh returned and occupied Gia Định in the next year. With the help of de Behaine, Ánh made Western weapons, recruited Western adventurers, proclaiming the restoration of Nguyễn lords' regime. In 1782, a Tây Sơn army under Nguyễn Nhạc and Nguyễn Huệ reoccupied Gia Định. Nguyễn Ánh had to flee to
2273:(鄭一) were granted official positions and/or noble ranks under the Tây Sơn empire. With the support of Tây Sơn dynasty, the number of Chinese pirates grew rapidly, they were able to block sea routes, and harassed the coastlines of China. The attack on China never materialized by the time that Quang Trung died in 1792.
2672:
1663:
to celebrate the
Qianlong Emperor's 80th birthday. For the Qianlong Emperor, the motivation for accepting the arrangement was to retain the Qing's supremacy and stabilize their southern border. Chinese and Vietnamese sources agreed that Nguyễn sent an imposter with a delegation to Beijing, where they
1228:
did not want to take northern
Vietnam; he sent an envoy to Phú Xuân to prevent Huệ from marching north, but Huệ had left. Then he got the message that Huệ had captured Thăng Long, and realized that Huệ was hard to be controlled. Nhạc led 2500 men and marched north to meet with Huệ and the Lê emperor.
873:
Fearing a war on two fronts, Nguyễn Nhạc sent Hoàng Ngũ Phúc a proposal that if the Trịnh lords recognized the Tây Sơn Rebel Army, the Tây Sơn would help the Trịnh lords fight against the Nguyễn Lords. The proposal was accepted, and Nguyễn Nhạc was made an official of the Trịnh lords. Nhac also made
1454:
and proclaimed himself
Emperor Quang Trung, in effect abolishing the Lê dynasty. After the coronation, he marched north with 60,000 soldiers. He recruited volunteers in Nghệ An Province, now the number of his soldiers reached 100,000. In Thọ Hạc (Thanh Hóa), he made an invigorating speech before his
697:
Later, Trương Văn Hiến encouraged Nguyễn Nhạc to revolt against Nguyễn lords: "The prophecy says: 'Revolt in the West, success in the North'. You are born in Tây Sơn
District, you must do your best." Nguyễn Nhạc then gathered people to help him in his rebellion, saying to "overthrow the Trịnh lords,
1525:
Nguyễn Huệ made a surprise and fast attack against
Chinese forces during the New Year holiday. They reached Thăng Long in the night of 3 January of the next lunar year (28 January 1789). In the fierce 4-day battle, most of Chinese soldiers were unprepared, they were disastrously defeated by the Tây
1178:
came to Phú Xuân, and said to Cầu that he should set up an altar to pray for himself. Cầu was persuaded; he built an altar, ordered his soldiers to serve him day and night, making his soldiers very tired. Take this opportunity, Huệ launched a raid on Trịnh army. Hoàng Đình Thể was killed in action.
880:
Tống Phước Hiệp, who had been deceived by Nguyễn Nhạc peaceful overtures, did not pay much attention to Nhạc's activities. He did not prepare for either defending or attacking. Nhạc made use of Hiệp's inactivity, and sent troops led by his brother Nguyễn Huệ against him. The Tây Sơn troops swiftly
1121:
The Tây Sơn reinforcements led by Nguyễn Huệ reached Gia Định in 1785. Huệ sent an envoy to
Siamese army under a banner of truce. Huệ showed fear deliberately, requested Siamese not to support Nguyễn Ánh. It proved that it was an excellent stratagem; Thepharirak was taken in. On the morning of 20
881:
defeated the unprepared troops of the Nguyễn Lords and inflicted heavy losses upon them. Tống Phước Hiệp and his troops fled to Van Phong. It was the first great victory achieved by Huệ. Nhạc sent news of the victory to Hoàng Ngũ Phúc. On Phúc's request, the Trinh rewarded Nhạc with a new office.
2225:
in final years of Lê dynasty. Quang Trung wrote a letter to Fuk'anggan, required him to return this territory. Fuk'anggan rejected, and replied the border had been delimited. Quang Trung was resentful, from then on, he began to train his soldiers and build many large warships, planning to invade
1276:
surrendered to Huệ. Nhạc climbed onto the city wall, and shouted to Huệ: "How can you use the pot of skin to cook meat like that?" It is an old custom, if hunters seized a prey in the jungle without a pot, they would flay it and use its skin to cook meat. Using this metaphor, Nhạc indicated that
889:
Because the troops of the Trịnh Lords lacked familiarity with the southern country, Hoàng Ngũ Phúc withdrew the troops to the north. En route, he died of natural causes. Phúc's death marked the end of the Trịnh Lords' interventions in the south. While the army of the Trịnh Lords withdrew to
2129:
A religious reform was carried out during his reign. Many small
Buddhist monasteries were closed and merged into larger ones. Monks had to pass an examination, otherwise, they would be ordered to return to secular life. Quang Trung also adopted a policy of religious tolerance. His religious
507:
Nguyễn Huệ's death marked the beginning of the downfall of the Tây Sơn dynasty. His successors were unable to implement the plans he had made for ruling
Vietnam, leaving the empire weak and vulnerable. The Tây Sơn dynasty was overthrown by its enemy, Nguyễn Ánh, who established the imperial
2403:(忠純 lit. "loyalty and sincerity"). He also composed a funeral oration for Quang Trung. In the oration, the Qianlong Emperor wrote: "(You have) blessed (me) and pledged loyalty (to me) in the southernmost, (so I) approved you to attend (my) imperial court; (now you) lie at rest beside the
665:
described Nguyễn Huệ as "a cunning man, good at fighting; he has bright penetrating eyes, and always speak in a stentorian voice, everyone fears him." His father, Nguyễn Phi Phúc, made the three brothers dedicate themselves to their studies early in life. Their martial arts master was
1458:
Huệ arrived in Tam Điệp on Lunar 20 December (15 January 1789). In there, Huệ gathered together the whole forces, and divided them into five branches: main force led by Huệ, marched north to attack Thăng Long directly; a navy led by Nguyễn Văn Tuyết (Commander Tuyết), sailed from
2407:, (you are) nostalgic for (the good old days in) my palace till death." (祝釐南極効忠特獎其趨朝 妥魄西湖沒世無忘於戀闕). The oration was engraved on a stone, and erected beside his fake tomb. A Chinese official was sent to Linh Đường to pay condolences, and granted Nguyễn Quang Toản the title
2419:
However, Nguyễn Quang Toản (now crowned the
Emperor Cảnh Thịnh) did not continue his father's policies. The identity card system was abolished, and the capital remained in Phú Xuân. High ministers and generals struggled for power, which led to the decline of his empire.
717:. In the early days of the rebellion, Huệ was the most helpful of Nhạc's generals both in finance and in training the army; with the encouragement of Trương Văn Hiến and his own talent, Huệ rapidly increased his own popularity and that of the Tây Sơn Rebellion.
1309:
was banished from Thăng Long, Chỉnh became the new regent just like Trịnh lords before. After learning about actions of Chỉnh, an army under Vũ Văn Nhậm was sent by Huệ to attack Thăng Long. Chỉnh was swiftly defeated and fled together with Lê Chiêu Thống.
2899:
3097:
2958:
2990:
1449:
Nguyễn Huệ knew the situation on Lunar 24 November (21 December 1788), cursing the invaders. Huệ declared that Lê Chiêu Thống was a national traitor and not qualified for the throne. In the next day, Nguyễn Huệ erected an altar on a hill south of
1587:. They adopted Qing clothing and adopt the queue hairstyle, effectively becoming naturalized subjects of the Qing dynasty affording them protection against Vietnamese demands for extradition. Some Lê loyalists were also sent to Central Asia in
2399:: "I followed my father's will, buried him in Linh Đường instead of his birthland because he was reluctant to leave your palace, and Linh Đường was nearer to your palace." The Qianlong Emperor praised Quang Trung, gave him the posthumous name
897:
Having gained a lot of new rich land without facing much opposition, the Tây Sơn army grew stronger. Nhạc had a desire to expand Tây Sơn's authority. He sent a large army led by his youngest brother Nguyễn Lữ to launch a sudden attack against
831:, the governmental capital of the Nguyễn Lords. The government of the Nguyễn Lords feared the beginning of an unmanageable war on two fronts. Officials of the government arrested Trương Phúc Loan and gave him up to the troops of the
1689:
855:. Early in 1775, the army of the Trịnh Lords marched on Quảng Nam at the same time as the Tây Sơn troops reached Quảng Nam. Tây Sơn troops searched for and then captured Nguyễn Phúc Dương. The army of the Trịnh Lords crossed the
874:
peace with the Nguyễn lords, causing Tống Phước Hiệp to take off the pressure, and deluded Prince Nguyễn Phúc Dương. His diplomacy provisionally made Tây Sơn's enemies inactive and bought him valuable time to shore up his army.
2343:
as "an old man who is resigned to the present state of affairs". His will instructed that he be buried within a month; all ministers and generals should be united as one to assist the Crown Prince; and move the capital to
1655:
pincer attack and prevent further
Chinese attempts to restore the Lê dynasty. Nguyễn Huệ sent a ritually submissive request to the Qianlong Emperor under the name of Nguyễn Quang Bình (also referred to as Ruan Guangping).
1647:. Fuk'anggan did not want a conflict with Nguyễn Huệ and he sent a letter to Huệ in which he expressed that a necessary prerequisite for a cease-fire was an apology of Huệ to the emperor. Nguyễn Huệ sought to restore the
2388:(武皇帝) from his successor, Nguyễn Quang Toản. Getting the information, Nguyễn Nhạc prepared to attend his funeral, however, the road was blocked by Toản. Nhạc had to return, and sent a sister to attend the funeral.
1468:
846:
Seizing the opportunity, Nguyễn Nhạc led an army (with naval support from Chinese pirates) against Nguyễn lords. Once again, the Nguyễn Lord Nguyễn Phúc Thuần fled, this time by sea to Gia Dinh, accompanied by
2197:
were brought to Vietnam as booty of war, then handed over to Qing China as tribute, Quang Trung did it to show power to China. Quang Trung also requested for exemption from customs duties, and established a
776:
After 200 years of holding power in southern Vietnam, the government of the Nguyễn Lords had become progressively weaker, due to its poor leadership and internal conflicts. Following the death of Lord
877:
Recognizing that the temporary ceasefire was unlikely to endure, Nguyễn Nhạc retrained the rebel army, recruited new soldiers, fortified Đồ Bàn fortress, and built new bases, preparing for an attack.
500:
After several years of constant military campaigning and rule, Nguyễn Huệ died at the age of 40. Prior to his death, he had made plans to continue his march southwards in order to destroy the army of
2284:, and demanded that Liangguang should be ceded to Vietnam as dowry. He knew the Qianlong Emperor would not accept his unreasonable demand; he just wanted an excuse of war. But finally, the messager
1741:
1659:
In 1789, the Qianlong Emperor agreed to re-establish the tributary relationship and enfeoff Nguyễn as the king of Annam on the condition that Nguyễn personally lead a special delegation to
2130:
toleration won him the support of the growing Christian community and his campaign of the common people against the traditional elites won him the admiration of the peasant majority.
914:
rose against him in Đông Sơn. The loyalist army attacked and forced Tây Sơn's troops to withdraw from Saigon. Before withdrawing, Lữ seized the local foodstores and took them back to
2230:. It was said that Quang Trung looked down upon the Qianlong Emperor. He said to his ministers that if given more time to train soldiers, he was not afraid to conflict with China.
1021:
led an army marched further south. They captured Saigon, destroyed Nguyễn lords' army successfully. Most members of Nguyễn royal family killed or executed in this campaign, except
1480:
863:
607:
1268:
But the military might of Huệ was stronger than Nhạc. Huệ besieged Quy Nhơn for several months. The main forces of Gia Định was called back to support Nhạc, but was defeated in
1206:
in the next day; he said he marched north to overthrow of Trịnh lords, and did not have any other intentions. Huệ was warmly welcomed by Lê Hiển Tông, and received the position
578:
3007:
2798:
1522:) was generally celebrated on the same day, Chinese generals assumed that Tây Sơn army would not attack in these days. However, subsequent events proved that they were wrong.
2503:
741:
1333:
675:
1222:
was enthroned by Huệ. Although he had not been proclaimed as an Emperor at all, Nguyễn Huệ was respected by citizens of Thăng Long as the way an Emperor would be treated.
206:
2166:
1341:
1337:
1171:
1616:
1242:
598:, who was a servant of the Dinh family of Bằng Chân hamlet, Tuy Viễn district (or An Nhơn), Quy Nhơn province, married a woman from the Dinh family and had a son named
2185:
fled, Tây Sơn marched west till the border of Siam. The victorious army attacked Bảo Lộc, captured Lê Duy Chỉ, Nùng Phúc Tấn, Hoàng Văn Đồng, and had them executed.
1377:
234:
1492:
1167:
201:
2285:
2162:
1329:, reported it to Huệ. Huệ led an army marched north, and launched a night raid. Sở and Lân opened the gate to let them in. Huệ captured Nhậm and had him executed.
1278:
2335:. He was depressed, and soon became critically ill. On his deathbed, Quang Trung was worried about the future of Tây Sơn dynasty. He described the Crown Prince
2296:
Quang Trung suddenly fell ill. The official records did not mention about what disease he got. Temporary historians stated that his death was possibly due to a
2667:
1720:
1472:
733:
611:
745:
1428:
599:
3416:
3318:
1072:
615:
590:. They left Nghệ An and moved to southern Vietnam after an attack by the Nguyễn lords against the Trịnh lords in Nghệ An. His ancestors' surname was Hồ (
2147:
1134:
ended with a near annihilation of the Siamese fleet, all the ships of the Siamese navy were destroyed. Thepharirak and Nguyễn Ánh fled back to Bangkok.
2696:
Nguyễn Huệ, formed peasant armies to help him wage war against the Trịnh. Thus, the movement that had begun in Qui Nhơn came to engulf all of Vietnam."
835:. The Trịnh lords, however, continued attacking Phú Xuân under the pretext of helping the Nguyễn Lords suppress the Tây Sơn rebellion. The Nguyễn Lord
721:
2099:
Quang Trung introduced the identity card system to govern the large population. A census was conducted during his reign. Every adult male was granted
930:
595:
2233:
Nguyễn Huệ was resentful, trained his army, built large warships and waited for an opportunity to take revenge on China. He also provided refuge to
3619:
2482:
2258:
1732:
1539:
1535:
1237:, and persuaded Huệ to leave Chỉnh in northern Vietnam. Huệ led his army back to Phú Xuân secretly. Chỉnh abandoned all his property, and came to
1518:
festival, and planned to march further south to capture Phú Xuân on 6 January of the next lunar year (31 January 1789). As Vietnamese New Year (
2538:
2262:
1186:. Huệ took his advice, marched further north without Nguyễn Nhạc's order. Tây Sơn army easily defeated several Trịnh troops. When they reached
469:, reigning from 1788 until 1792. He was also one of the most successful military commanders in Vietnam's history. Nguyễn Huệ and his brothers,
1110:. However, they met a stubborn resistance from Tây Sơn army, and could not capture any important places. Unable to repulse the enemy, general
3002:
2123:
1376:
never abandoned his attempt to regain the throne. He hid in Bảo Lộc Mountain; in there, he had a plan to fight against Tây Sơn. His mother,
1060:
to request for aid. In 1783, Nguyễn Ánh and his supporters retreated to Siam with Siamese army. In Bangkok, Ánh was warmly welcomed by king
1071:
was dispatched to attack and recapture Saigon for Nguyễn Ánh. Ánh and his supporters were also allowed to accompany with the Siamese army.
1756:
1313:
Chỉnh was found and executed, but Nhậm could not find Lê Chiêu Thống. In order to gain popularity among Northern Vietnamese, Nhậm install
1241:
to join Tây Sơn army. Nguyễn Nhạc did not have the heart to abandon him again; Chỉnh was left in Nghệ An together with a Tây Sơn general,
1668:("King of Annam"). The title indicated that Huệ was recognized as the legal ruler of Vietnam and Lê Chiêu Thống was no longer supported.
1527:
1357:
1265:
was given as his fief. But not long after, he came into conflict with Nguyễn Nhạc. Nhạc attacked on Huệ at first, a civil war broke out.
1229:
In Thăng Long, Nhạc promised that he would not take any territory of Lê emperor. Then Nhạc retreated from Thăng Long together with Huệ.
3445:
894:, Tây Sơn moved quickly in sending its troops to take over the abandoned territory and to suppress elements loyal to the Nguyễn Lords.
3609:
3143:
1131:
946:
2300:. Legend had it that he died actually because he was punished by spirits of dead Nguyễn lords whose tombs he seriously insulted.
1496:
3411:
3313:
3213:
3634:
3629:
1009:
3198:
788:
In 1774, the government of the Nguyễn lords sent a large army led by general Tống Phước Hiệp against the Tây Sơn rebels. From
3289:
2810:
3521:
1627:
1794:
was not mentioned in official records, but we could find several names of official positions in history records, such as
1664:
were received with lavish imperial favors. The Qianlong Emperor approved the proposal and bestowed Nguyễn with the title
3614:
3153:
2499:
Most cities in Vietnam, regardless of the political orientation of the government, have named major streets after him.
17:
2705:
3497:
3255:
996:
565:
2851:
1504:
2246:
1697:
Once in power, Emperor Quang Trung first began instituting massive and unprecedented national reforms in Vietnam.
2914:
3431:
3092:
2985:
2953:
2894:
2793:
2736:
2391:
The plan to invade China was given up. Nguyễn Quang Toản built a fake tomb in Linh Đường (苓塘, a place in modern
1277:
brothers should not fight with each other. Huệ was moved to tears, and decided to retreat. Taking the advice of
635:
3624:
3117:
2126:. Though this policy was criticized at that time, modern scholars stated that it had progressive significance.
1281:, Huệ decided to reach a peace agreement Nhạc. The two brothers chose Bến Bản as a boundary; the area north to
978:
547:
2478:
Nguyễn Huệ was regarded as the national savior of Vietnam and one of the most popular figures in the country.
1546:
were killed in action. Many Chinese soldiers and porters were killed in action, or drowned while crossing the
748:. The rebels became famous for their policy: "fair, no corruption, only looting the rich, and help the poor" (
3639:
3385:
3354:
1080:
1937:("army of the right"). Tây Sơn army was recruited by enforced conscription. Chose one in three adult males (
1052:
In Phú Quốc, Nguyễn supporters suffered from Tây Sơn's frequent attacks and lacked food and drinking water.
852:
706:
2364:
2209:
There was a territorial dispute near Sino-Vietnamese border. Vietnamese claimed this territory belonged to
1460:
1234:
1159:
974:
543:
3148:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 3 Southeast Asia (reprint, revised ed.). BRILL. p. 309.
2493:
2463:
836:
823:
southwards with the same purpose as that of the Tây Sơn rebel army, namely to help the Nguyễn Lords fight
3571:
2214:
630:
122:
60:
43:
1301:
During Nguyễn Huệ's absence, northern Vietnam fell into chaos again. The regime of Trịnh lord restored.
667:
633:). His father had eight children; later, three of them took part in the Tây Sơn Rebellion. According to
3389:
3214:"After Minh Mang reigned Nguyen Dynasty, why he deported Le royal descendants to the Southern Vietnam?"
1700:
Though Quang Trung entitled as "king of Annam" by Qing China, he always regarded himself as emperor of
1290:
1115:
778:
2881:
2724:
2324:
2276:
In 1792, Quang Trung decided to invade China. There was evidence that he had the intention to conquer
910:. His success was short-lived, however, when an army loyal to the Nguyễn Lords and led by a man named
793:
3281:
3040:
3019:
2928:
2336:
1713:
1676:
679:
651:, Nguyễn Huệ. However, other source reported that Nguyễn Lữ was the youngest one. His birth name was
622:, the family followed the surname of Huệ's mother; other sources say that it followed the surname of
196:
106:
2450:(西賊 "Bandit Tây") in Nguyễn official records to highlight the supposed illegitimacy of the dynasty.
1273:
1146:
A royal edict of Quang Trung in 1790 on translating classical Chinese texts into Vietnamese script (
720:
Due to its popularity, the Tây Sơn army grew strong and attracted many talented generals, including
3247:
2511:
2181:
conquered Muang Phuan and executed their chiefs. Then, the army invaded Kingdom of Vientiane; king
1989:
1286:
848:
3372:
2720:
2428:
1332:
Huệ led his army back to Phú Xuân. Lê Duy Cận remained in his position; Ngô Văn Sở, Phan Văn Lân,
824:
702:
687:
217:
160:
2304:
2178:
1728:
1564:
1455:
soldiers. Soldiers replied a great shout of approval. They were encouraged, and marched quickly.
1373:
1302:
1219:
1127:
1111:
967:
737:
536:
2210:
2151:
1067:
The Siamese army moved towards southern Vietnam in 1784. A fleet with twenty thousand men under
602:, Huệ's grandfather. Hồ Phi Tiễn did not continue farming as his father, but instead traded in
164:
3332:"Maritime violence and state formation in Vietnam: Piracy and the Tay Son Rebellion, 1771–1802"
2740:
2677:
2435:
1367:
1068:
1053:
911:
482:
3239:
3145:
China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia
820:
3112:
2356:
2155:
1552:
1345:
1203:
725:
691:
640:
478:
2392:
2122:
as the official written language of the country. Examinees were ordered to write chữ Nôm in
792:, the troops marched to northern central Vietnam, and after several battles they recaptured
3604:
3599:
3535:
2526:
2519:
2170:
1791:
1724:
1705:
1652:
1607:
1230:
1215:
1155:
466:
364:
168:
2752:
In Vietnamese: Khâm Định Việt Sử thông Giám Khương Mục, Quốc sử quán triều Nguyễn, p. 294
1763:("town"): Sơn Nam Thượng (山南上 "Upper Sơn Nam") and Sơn Nam Hạ (山南下 "Lower Sơn Nam"). Each
8:
2340:
1576:
1322:
1225:
1034:
922:
765:
710:
644:
470:
443:
420:
397:
96:
1701:
1560:
1262:
1142:
856:
729:
150:
130:
3581:
3339:
2439:
1464:
1306:
1305:
could not control the situation, he asked for assistance from Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh. Though
1191:
1038:
509:
3471:
1122:
January 1785, Siamese fleet was surrounded in Rạch Gầm River and Xoài Mút River (near
3564:
3493:
3331:
3285:
3251:
3149:
2624:
2404:
2270:
2138:
1572:
1400:
China decided to restore Lê Chiêu Thống to the throne, though under Qing protection.
1326:
1018:
769:
714:
713:, gathered an army and revolted in 1771. He was aided by his brothers Nguyễn Huệ and
690:, Trương Văn Hiến fled to Bình Định. He was first man to discover the talents of the
648:
618:(胡丕福, also known as Nguyễn Phi Phúc). Some sources say that in taking on the surname
474:
181:
2424:
2320:
1983:
as tax. Publicly owned farmland divided into three scales: the first scale paid 150
1575:, while lower ranking loyalists were sent to cultivate government land and join the
1314:
1282:
1022:
839:
and his officials initially attempted to resist the attack, but ended up fleeing to
809:
683:
501:
3446:"Planning the statue of the National Ancestor Hùng king and famous national heroes"
2396:
1636:
1612:
1547:
1515:
1488:
1393:
1123:
623:
490:
1976:(老饒), over 61 years old. Different scales had different tax collection standards.
1752:
891:
816:
3295:
2382:
2332:
2060:
2046:
1681:
1648:
1420:
1064:. Rama I promised that Siamese would help Nguyễn Ánh to retake his lost kingdom.
933:
as his capital, renamed it Thành Hoàng Đế (Imperial City). He gave Huệ the title
832:
797:
586:
According to multiple sources, Nguyễn Huệ's ancestors were peasants who lived in
494:
320:
126:
82:
1567:
and high ranking Lê loyalists fled Vietnam for asylum in Qing China and went to
1443:
1087:
1046:
1026:
899:
789:
347:
331:
3130:
The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History
2348:
as soon as possible. If not, one day all of them will be killed by Nguyễn Ánh.
2234:
2009:. Privately owned farmland also divided into three scales: the first scale, 40
1898:
1476:
1183:
1095:
2828:
Les Espagnols dans l’Empire d’Annam, Spanish Catholic Priest Diego de Jumilla.
2119:
2115:
1147:
1091:
462:
448:
425:
402:
3593:
3336:
Persistent Piracy: Maritime Violence and State-Formation in Global Historical
2352:
2308:
2250:
1644:
1591:. Modern descendants of the Lê monarch can be traced to southern Vietnam and
1451:
1432:
1194:
came to the battlefield to fight against Tây Sơn army. Tây Sơn army attacked
1175:
1163:
907:
840:
828:
750:
công bằng, không tham nhũng, và chỉ cướp của của người giàu, giúp người nghèo
146:
86:
1748:
1571:. Lê Chiêu Thống was appointed a Chinese mandarin of the fourth rank in the
1419:, as the main force, marched across the South Suppressing Pass (present day
1389:
1199:
1187:
902:(now called Ho Chi Minh City) by sea. Lữ's raid was successful: he occupied
486:
3299:
2458:
2427:
in 1802 after a ten years long war. Quang Trung's sons: Nguyễn Quang Toản,
2190:
2108:
1944:
Adult males of the whole country divided into three scales to pay taxes in
1397:
1269:
1195:
1170:, was a venal and superstitious coward, he was at odds with his assistant,
1086:
Siamese troops defeated Tây Sơn army and captured several places including
1030:
867:
805:
2611:
2606:) in Siamese royal records; these two words derived from Vietnamese words
2319:) together with high ministers. At this time, he got the information that
1508:
1107:
262:
3183:
2852:
Lịch Sử Việt Nam: Từ Thượng Cổ Đến Thời Hiện Đại: Nhà Tây Sơn (1771–1802)
2619:
respectively. Actually, Siamese confused him with his brother Nguyễn Lữ.
2375:
2367:, a culture researcher, believed that it was located at Bình An Village,
2277:
2242:
2174:
2104:
1238:
1218:, a daughter of the Lê Emperor. The old emperor died several days later.
1099:
785:
to Bình Thuận, thereby weakening the authority of the Nguyễn government.
587:
339:
2328:
1042:
915:
801:
782:
52:
2608:
2254:
2227:
1543:
1531:
1500:
1484:
1416:
1408:
1385:
981: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
629:
Nguyễn Huệ was born in 1753 in Tây Sơn village, Quy Nhơn Province (now
619:
550: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
75:
591:
328:
312:
309:
295:
292:
289:
283:
280:
277:
271:
268:
259:
3168:
2266:
2238:
2186:
2182:
1640:
1412:
1083:, recruited five thousand soldiers to accompany with Siamese troops.
2882:
Việt Nam Sử Lược PHẦN IV: Tự Chủ Thời-Đại Thời Kỳ Nam Bắc Phân Tranh
2470:
1945:
1154:
Northern Vietnam fell into chaos in 1786. An army under Nguyễn Huệ,
956:
525:
2194:
2107:. If anyone did not have the wooden card, he would be arrested and
1953:
1596:
1584:
1381:
1103:
1076:
1293:
belonged to Nhạc. From then on, they ceased fire with each other.
2854:
Vietnam Ministry of culture and information. Accessed 16-11-2007
2522:
2368:
2222:
2203:
1660:
1620:
1580:
1568:
1519:
1182:
After the capture of Phú Xuân, Chỉnh encouraged Huệ to overthrow
1057:
359:
1403:
Two Chinese armies invaded Vietnam in October of the lunar year
760:
485:. As rebels, they conquered Vietnam, overthrowing the imperial
3516:
2297:
1592:
1588:
1424:
1362:
1061:
903:
610:(阮氏仝), the only daughter of a rich betel tradesman residing in
1783:(分知), the civil official, took charge of judicial litigation;
1102:, Mân Thít (or Mang thít, Man Thiết), and controlled Hà Tiên,
2281:
1980:
1787:(分率), the military official, took charge of army provisions.
1685:(光中通寶), A coin issued during the reign of Emperor Quang Trung
804:). The rebel army of the Tây Sơn now only held the land from
603:
1514:
Meanwhile, Chinese soldiers were preparing to celebrate the
3334:. In Amirel, S.; Müller, L.; Amirell, Stefan Eklöf (eds.).
3018:
2927:
2316:
2218:
2159:
1917:(隊). Quang Trung organized the army into five major wings:
1736:
1079:, and manoeuvred the Cambodian army. The Cambodian regent,
2103:(信牌), a wooden card on which was his name, birthplace and
1731:
to build a new citadel at the foot of Kỳ Lân Hill (modern
1723:, Quang Trung decided to relocate the imperial capital in
827:. The northern troops were unobstructed in their march to
686:. After Trương Văn Hạnh killed by the powerful chancellor
27:
2nd emperor of the Tây Sơn dynasty of Vietnam (r. 1788–92)
921:
In 1776, Nguyễn Nhạc proclaimed himself King of Tây Sơn (
3240:"Chapter Seven: The Pirate Crisis and Foreign Diplomacy"
2690:
Postcolonial Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past
2359:
stated that Quang Trung was buried in Đan Dương Palace (
1296:
906:
and forced the Nguyễn Lord and his followers to flee to
819:, sent a massive army of 30,000 soldiers led by general
1439:); the two armies aimed to attack Thăng Long directly.
1261:(北平王 "King of Northern Conquering"), the area north to
1471:(Commander Lộc), sailed from Lục Đầu River to attack
1257:(中央皇帝 "the Central Emperor"). Huệ received the title
2288:(武招遠) did not set out because Quang Trung fell ill.
1253:
In the same year, Nguyễn Nhạc proclaimed himself as
3452:. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)
2673:
Dã sử lược biên Đại Việt quốc Nguyễn triều thực lục
1491:; another cavalry (including war elephants) led by
2909:
2907:
2036:There were also two additional taxes of farmland:
862:At the same time, the general of the Nguyễn lords
2809:
2206:, they were both agreed by the Qianlong Emperor.
1602:
1248:
859:, engaged the Tây Sơn troops, and defeated them.
3591:
3141:
2904:
2884:(1528–1802) Trần Trọng Kim. Accessed 16-11-2007
2817:. Sài Gòn: Nhà xuất bản Văn Sử Học. p. 49.
2395:) for him. Then Toản reported his death to the
2351:Quang Trung was buried on the southern bank of
3142:Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (2014).
2692:– 2002– p. 191 "The people of the North, who
2481:Nguyễn Huệ was deified in Vietnamese culture,
2414:
2177:in a revolt of Tây Sơn dynasty. An army under
3034:
2507:, a Vietnamese film, was based on his story.
1479:; a cavalry (including war elephants) led by
815:Also in 1774, the ruler of northern Vietnam,
3426:
3424:
3211:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3012:
2921:
3355:"Bí mật quanh cái chết của vua Quang Trung"
3278:Pirates of the South China Coast, 1790–1810
3271:
3269:
3267:
3199:"Con trai vua Lê Thế Tông ở đất Thanh Châu"
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2933:"19. ทัพกรมหลวงเทพหริรักษ์ไปตีเมืองไซ่ง่อน"
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2582:
2580:
2339:as "a clever boy but too young", described
2311:. He set a schedule to move the capital to
1041:. After the battle, Huệ and Lữ returned to
884:
3352:
3244:White Lotus Rebels and South China Pirates
3028:พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ รัชกาลที่ 1
2948:
2946:
2937:พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ รัชกาลที่ 1
2915:"Tương quan Xiêm – Việt cuối thế kỉ XVIII"
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2663:
2661:
2601:
2591:
2114:Quang Trung also replaced the traditional
1179:Phạm Ngô Cầu surrendered to Tây Sơn army.
1137:
614:. One of their children was Huệ's father
3421:
3306:
2539:Tây Sơn military tactics and organization
1941:丁), the chosen one should join the army.
1708:empress, and granted her the noble title
1611:Late 18th-century painting depicting the
997:Learn how and when to remove this message
566:Learn how and when to remove this message
3264:
3046:
2995:
2963:
2709:Notes historiques sur la nation annamite
2638:Nỡ lòng nào lại nồi da nấu thịt như thế?
2577:
2474:Emperor Quang Trung statue at Bộc Temple
2469:
2457:
2146:After the defeat of China, a Lê prince,
2137:
2133:
1688:
1675:
1626:
1606:
1361:
1351:
1348:, were left in Thăng Long to watch Cận.
1198:with arquebuses, finally, they captured
1141:
1008:
870:, forcing the Tây Sơn army to withdraw.
759:
577:
504:, a surviving heir of the Nguyễn lords.
3196:
3107:
3105:
2943:
2755:
2658:
2202:(牙行, broker house in ancient China) in
2044:(錢券庫). Publicly owned farmland: paid 1
1993:(a unit of area); the second scale, 80
643:, listed from eldest to youngest, were
489:and the two rival feudal houses of the
14:
3592:
3472:"South Vietnam 200 Dong 1966 banknote"
3329:
3275:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3008:Basic Records, continued compilation 5
2803:
1530:(part of modern Hanoi). Qing generals
709:, the eldest of the Tây Sơn Brothers,
694:and to advise them to do great deeds.
678:(張文幸), who in turn was the teacher of
606:. Through his work he met and married
3186:(in Simplified Chinese). 27 May 2018.
3041:Tương quan Xiêm – Việt cuối thế kỷ 18
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2815:Lịch sử Nội Chiến Việt Nam 1771- 1802
2363:). The exact location was not clear;
1979:Farmers had to pay a fixed amount of
1712:(北宮皇后 "empress of Northern Palace");
1693:Royal order concerning tax exemption.
1619:, the peace envoy from Nguyễn Huệ in
1297:Northern Campaign - Ending Le Dynasty
1210:(元帥 "supreme commander") noble title
1202:(modern Hanoi) successfully. Huệ met
940:
764:A bronze statue of Tây Sơn Brothers (
465:: 胡𦹳) was the second emperor of the
442:
419:
396:
3237:
3102:
979:adding citations to reliable sources
950:
755:
582:Bronze statue of Emperor Quang Trung
548:adding citations to reliable sources
519:
3492:. Periplus Travel Maps. 2002–2003.
3220:
3098:Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 11
2991:Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 10
2434:Tây Sơn dynasty was regarded as an
2282:seek a Chinese princess in marriage
2169:(黃文桐). Chỉ devised a plan to unite
2072:; privately owned farmland: paid 1
1671:
701:Seeking to overthrow the corrupted
24:
3373:Quang Trung Nguyễn Huệ (1753–1792)
3346:
2959:Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 9
2900:Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 8
2857:
2831:
2423:Tây Sơn dynasty was overthrown by
1285:was Huệ's area; the area south to
25:
3651:
3510:
1321:("Prince Regent"). Two generals,
1013:Vietnamese monument of the battle
3610:18th-century Vietnamese monarchs
3515:
3386:"Đi tìm lăng mộ vua Quang Trung"
3375:Vietsciences Accessed 14-11-2007
3212:Lê Tiên Long (9 December 2018).
3184:"新疆曾有大批越南皇室后裔，乾隆时期投靠中国并前往乌鲁木齐开荒"
2489:) in Hanoi was a temple to him.
2217:, but was illegally occupied by
1779:("district") had two officials:
1716:was designated as Crown Prince.
1075:led Siamese infantry marched to
955:
851:, and leaving behind his nephew
524:
374:Hồ Phi Phúc (or Nguyễn Phi Phúc)
51:
3482:
3464:
3438:
3404:
3378:
3365:
3323:
3205:
3190:
3176:
3162:
3135:
3132:. ABC-CLIO, 20 May 2011; p. 454
3122:
3020:เจ้าพระยาทิพากรวงศ์ (ขำ บุนนาค)
2929:เจ้าพระยาทิพากรวงศ์ (ขำ บุนนาค)
2887:
2822:
2706:Théophile Le Grand de la Liraye
2642:Bì oa chử nhục, đệ tâm hà nhẫn?
2630:
2564:
2492:Nguyễn Huệ was depicted on the
2462:Nguyễn Huệ, as depicted on the
1651:in order to deter a joint Qing-
966:needs additional citations for
937:(Vice National Administrator).
594:), but Huệ's great-grandfather
535:needs additional citations for
411:, 1753 – 16 September 1792) or
3620:People from Bình Định province
2794:Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện
2746:
2729:
2713:
2699:
2682:
2640:", Original Sino-Vietnamese: "
2586:Nguyễn Huệ was referred to as
2551:
2525:currently in service with the
2291:
2158:. There, Chỉ was supported by
1603:Reconciliation with Qing China
1559:After Nguyễn Huệ defeated the
1495:(Commander Long) marched past
1249:Civil war between two brothers
1069:Chao Fa Krom Luang Thepharirak
1037:together with a French priest
663:Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện
636:Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện
453:
430:
407:
13:
1:
3276:Murray, Dian H. (1987). "3".
2651:
1739:). The new citadel was named
1631:Qing portrait of Quang Trung.
1442:When Liangguang army reached
1081:Chaophraya Aphaiphubet (Baen)
866:(宋福洽) led his troops against
515:
3170:Annam and its Minor Currency
2721:Trung chi II họ Hồ Quỳnh Đôi
2559:Tây khởi nghĩa, Bắc thu công
1905:(道) was composed of several
1775:(協鎮 "deputy viceroy"). Each
1166:. The governor of Phú Xuân,
7:
3432:Đại Nam thực lục chính biên
2725:Tiểu chi Cụ Án, Trung chi 5
2532:
2415:The fall of Tây Sơn dynasty
2280:. Quang Trung attempted to
2109:imprisoned with hard labour
1463:to attack Lê supporters in
947:Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút
10:
3656:
2355:. He was buried secretly;
2237:organizations such as the
1987:(鉢, a unit of weight) per
1972:(老項); 56 to 60 years old;
1968:(壯項), 18 to 55 years old;
1964:(未及格), 2 to 17 years old;
1573:Han Yellow Bordered Banner
1358:Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa
1355:
1094:), Ba Thắc (Srok Pra-sak,
944:
481:, were the leaders of the
61:Emperor of Tây Sơn dynasty
3615:Deified Vietnamese people
3578:
3569:
3561:
3556:
3529:
3359:Địa chí lịch sử Bình Định
3282:Stanford University Press
3197:Thái Mỹ (24 April 2019).
2602:
2592:
2494:South Vietnamese 200 đồng
2464:South Vietnamese 200 đồng
2453:
1366:Statue of Quang Trung at
800:, and Bình Khang (modern
698:revive the Lê dynasty".
659:(Sir Eighth the virtue).
655:, he also had a nickname
378:
370:
358:
345:
338:
326:
319:
307:
302:
257:
252:
248:
180:
156:
136:
116:
112:
102:
92:
74:
66:
59:
50:
44:Great Emperor of Đại Việt
41:
34:
3635:Tây Sơn dynasty generals
3630:Tây Sơn dynasty emperors
3248:Harvard University Press
2544:
1929:("army of the center"),
1913:was composed of several
1767:had two high officials:
1162:marched north to attack
1017:In 1777, Nguyễn Huệ and
885:Overthrow of Nguyễn Lord
477:, together known as the
444:[ŋwĩəŋkwāːŋɓîŋ̟]
3412:Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí
3330:Antony, Robert (2014).
3314:Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí
3238:Wang, Wensheng (2014).
3024:"11. เรื่องพงศาวดารญวน"
3003:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
2510:On 6 February 2018 the
2142:Weapons of Tây Sơn army
2017:; the second scale, 30
1921:("army of the front"),
1790:The official system of
1384:, called for help from
1214:(威國公). He also married
1138:Overthrow of Trịnh Lord
1033:. Finally, Ánh fled to
705:and to help the prince
303:Era name and dates
2636:Original Vietnamese: "
2570:Original Vietnamese: "
2557:Original Vietnamese: "
2475:
2467:
2442:; it was mentioned as
2143:
2025:; the third scale, 20
2001:; the third scale, 50
1933:("army of the left"),
1925:("army of the rear"),
1694:
1686:
1649:tributary relationship
1632:
1624:
1563:, the last Lê emperor
1467:; another navy led by
1370:
1151:
1118:to Quy Nhơn for help.
1014:
926:
773:
583:
3625:Posthumous executions
3524:at Wikimedia Commons
3361:. Thư Viện Bình Định.
3113:Draft History of Qing
2512:Vietnam People's Navy
2473:
2461:
2446:(僞西 "False Tây"), or
2374:Quang Trung received
2346:Phượng Hoàng trung đô
2327:, Bình Khang (modern
2313:Phượng Hoàng trung đô
2141:
2134:Plans to invade China
1742:Phượng Hoàng Trung Đô
1719:Taking the advice of
1692:
1682:Quang Trung thông bảo
1679:
1639:of the Qing replaced
1630:
1610:
1553:Draft History of Qing
1431:, marched across the
1365:
1352:War with Qing dynasty
1145:
1012:
945:Further information:
763:
626:of southern Vietnam.
581:
493:in the south and the
3640:Vietnamese reformers
2527:4th Regional Command
2211:Tuyên Quang Province
2124:imperial examination
2118:with the Vietnamese
2050:(currency unit) per
1864:Hiệp-biện đại-học-sĩ
1759:(山南) split into two
1528:Ngọc Hồi and Đống Đa
1483:, marched to attack
1388:in order to restore
975:improve this article
544:improve this article
3572:Emperor of Đại Việt
3522:Emperor Quang Trung
3490:Vietnam Country Map
3353:Lê Văn Quý (2001).
3128:Tucker, Spencer C.
2917:. 8 September 2017.
2688:Patricia M. Pelley
2411:("King of Annam").
2361:cung điện Đan Dương
2303:Quang Trung called
1771:(鎮守 "viceroy") and
1577:Green Standard Army
1378:Empress Dowager Mẫn
1255:Trung ương Hoàng đế
1128:Tiền Giang Province
421:[ŋwĩəŋhwêˀ]
398:[kwāːŋʈūŋm]
288:Nguyễn Quang Bình (
222:Nguyễn Quang Cương
211:Nguyễn Quang Khanh
35:Emperor Quang Trung
3340:Palgrave Macmillan
2615:("Sir seven") and
2476:
2468:
2393:Thanh Trì District
2144:
1710:Bắc Cung hoàng hậu
1695:
1687:
1633:
1625:
1407:(November, 1788):
1371:
1152:
1073:Phraya Wichinarong
1039:Pigneau de Behaine
1015:
941:Southern campaigns
774:
631:Bình Định Province
584:
228:Nguyễn Quang Điện
207:Nguyễn Quang Thiệu
107:Emperor Cảnh Thịnh
3588:
3587:
3579:Succeeded by
3520:Media related to
3291:978-0-8047-1376-4
2811:Tạ Chí Đại Trường
2572:Phù Lê diệt Trịnh
2514:commissioned the
2429:Nguyễn Quang Thùy
2409:An Nam quốc vương
2337:Nguyễn Quang Toản
2215:Hưng Hóa Province
1880:Tả-hữu phụng-nghị
1872:Lục-bộ thượng-thư
1714:Nguyễn Quang Toản
1666:An Nam quốc vương
1617:Nguyễn Quang Hiển
1126:, in present-day
1007:
1006:
999:
853:Nguyễn Phúc Dương
837:Nguyễn Phúc Thuần
779:Nguyễn Phúc Khoát
756:Tây Sơn rebellion
707:Nguyễn Phúc Dương
576:
575:
568:
483:Tây Sơn rebellion
436:Nguyễn Quang Bình
434:), also known as
386:
385:
354:
353:
315:): 1788–1792
218:Nguyễn Quang Thùy
214:Nguyễn Quang Đức
197:Nguyễn Quang Toản
144:(aged 38–39)
140:16 September 1792
16:(Redirected from
3647:
3562:Preceded by
3552:
3545:
3527:
3526:
3519:
3504:
3503:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3442:
3436:
3428:
3419:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3382:
3376:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3327:
3321:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3273:
3262:
3261:
3235:
3218:
3217:
3216:(in Vietnamese).
3209:
3203:
3202:
3201:(in Vietnamese).
3194:
3188:
3187:
3180:
3174:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3139:
3133:
3126:
3120:
3109:
3100:
3093:Việt Nam sử lược
3089:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3016:
3010:
2999:
2993:
2986:Việt Nam sử lược
2982:
2961:
2954:Việt Nam sử lược
2950:
2941:
2940:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2902:
2895:Việt Nam sử lược
2891:
2885:
2878:
2855:
2848:
2829:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2807:
2801:
2790:
2753:
2750:
2744:
2737:Việt Nam sử lược
2733:
2727:
2717:
2711:
2703:
2697:
2686:
2680:
2665:
2645:
2634:
2628:
2605:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2584:
2575:
2568:
2562:
2555:
2504:Tây Sơn hào kiệt
2397:Qianlong Emperor
2160:native chieftain
1876:Tả-hữu đồng-nghị
1868:Thị-trung ngự-sử
1725:Nghệ An Province
1672:Rule and reforms
1637:Qianlong Emperor
1613:Qianlong Emperor
1561:Later Lê dynasty
1516:Chinese New Year
1493:Nguyễn Tăng Long
1394:Qianlong Emperor
1334:Nguyễn Văn Tuyết
1272:, its commander
1235:Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh
1190:(modern Hanoi),
1160:Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh
1002:
995:
991:
988:
982:
959:
951:
825:Trương Phúc Loan
703:Trương Phúc Loan
692:Tây Sơn brothers
688:Trương Phúc Loan
682:, the father of
680:Nguyễn Phúc Luân
674:) and friend of
641:Tây Sơn brothers
571:
564:
560:
557:
551:
528:
520:
487:Later Lê dynasty
479:Tây Sơn brothers
456:
455:
446:
441:
433:
432:
423:
418:
410:
409:
400:
395:
276:Nguyễn Văn Huệ (
250:
249:
225:Nguyễn Quang Tự
202:Nguyễn Quang Bàn
143:
97:Emperor Thái Đức
80:22 December 1788
55:
32:
31:
21:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3575:
3567:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3536:Tây Sơn dynasty
3532:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3500:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3435:, kỷ 1, vol. 19
3429:
3422:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3392:. 31 March 2007
3384:
3383:
3379:
3371:In Vietnamese:
3370:
3366:
3351:
3347:
3328:
3324:
3311:
3307:
3292:
3274:
3265:
3258:
3236:
3221:
3210:
3206:
3195:
3191:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3140:
3136:
3127:
3123:
3110:
3103:
3090:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3017:
3013:
3000:
2996:
2983:
2964:
2951:
2944:
2926:
2922:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2892:
2888:
2879:
2858:
2849:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2808:
2804:
2791:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2734:
2730:
2719:In Vietnamese:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2700:
2694:warmly welcomed
2687:
2683:
2666:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2635:
2631:
2585:
2578:
2569:
2565:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2535:
2456:
2417:
2383:posthumous name
2365:Nguyễn Đắc Xuân
2305:Trần Quang Diệu
2294:
2247:Chinese pirates
2219:native chiefdom
2179:Trần Quang Diệu
2150:(黎維祗), fled to
2136:
1792:Tây Sơn dynasty
1729:Trần Quang Diệu
1674:
1605:
1550:. According to
1421:Friendship Pass
1360:
1354:
1342:Trần Thuận Ngôn
1338:Nguyễn Văn Dụng
1299:
1251:
1174:. An itinerant
1140:
1003:
992:
986:
983:
972:
960:
949:
943:
887:
864:Tống Phước Hiệp
849:Nguyễn Phúc Ánh
772:and Nguyễn Huệ)
758:
738:Trần Quang Diệu
676:Trương Văn Hạnh
668:Trương Văn Hiến
612:Tây Sơn village
608:Nguyễn Thị Đồng
572:
561:
555:
552:
541:
529:
518:
467:Tây Sơn dynasty
452:
439:
429:
416:
406:
393:
382:Nguyễn Thị Đồng
365:Tây Sơn dynasty
321:Posthumous name
287:
275:
266:
244:
235:Nguyễn Quốc Duy
193:
192:
176:Nguyễn Thị Bích
175:
173:
171:
167:
163:
145:
141:
121:
81:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3653:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3577:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3557:Regnal titles
3554:
3553:
3533:
3530:
3512:
3511:External links
3509:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3481:
3463:
3450:bvhttdl.gov.vn
3437:
3420:
3403:
3377:
3364:
3345:
3322:
3305:
3290:
3263:
3256:
3219:
3204:
3189:
3175:
3161:
3155:978-9004282483
3154:
3134:
3121:
3101:
3045:
3033:
3011:
2994:
2962:
2942:
2920:
2903:
2886:
2856:
2830:
2821:
2802:
2754:
2745:
2741:Trần Trọng Kim
2735:In Vietnamese
2728:
2712:
2698:
2681:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2629:
2617:Bắc Bình Vương
2576:
2563:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2531:
2455:
2452:
2440:Nguyễn dynasty
2438:regime during
2416:
2413:
2293:
2290:
2259:Liang Wen-keng
2167:Hoàng Văn Đồng
2135:
2132:
2116:Chinese script
2042:tiền khoán-khố
1899:military units
1897:The system of
1856:Trung-thư-lệnh
1852:Trung-thư-sảnh
1673:
1670:
1604:
1601:
1565:Lê Chiêu Thống
1540:Zhang Chaolong
1536:Shang Weisheng
1507:(a place near
1481:Đặng Tiến Đông
1469:Nguyễn Văn Lộc
1374:Lê Chiêu Thống
1356:Main article:
1353:
1350:
1303:Lê Chiêu Thống
1298:
1295:
1259:Bắc Bình Vương
1250:
1247:
1243:Nguyễn Văn Duệ
1220:Lê Chiêu Thống
1172:Hoàng Đình Thể
1139:
1136:
1090:, Trấn Giang (
1025:. Ánh fled to
1005:
1004:
963:
961:
954:
942:
939:
886:
883:
821:Hoàng Ngũ Phúc
757:
754:
742:Trương Mỹ Ngọc
670:, a retainer (
574:
573:
532:
530:
523:
517:
514:
510:Nguyễn dynasty
497:in the north.
384:
383:
380:
376:
375:
372:
368:
367:
362:
356:
355:
352:
351:
343:
342:
336:
335:
324:
323:
317:
316:
305:
304:
300:
299:
255:
254:
246:
245:
243:
242:
240:nine daughters
237:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
215:
212:
209:
204:
199:
188:
187:
186:
184:
178:
177:
158:
154:
153:
138:
134:
133:
118:
114:
113:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
78:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3652:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3583:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3518:
3501:
3499:0-7946-0070-0
3495:
3491:
3485:
3477:
3476:art-hanoi.com
3473:
3467:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3434:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3407:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3374:
3368:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3259:
3257:9780674727991
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3193:
3185:
3179:
3173:, chapter 16.
3172:
3171:
3165:
3157:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3138:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3042:
3037:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3005:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2825:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2749:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2627:'s nick name.
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2599:
2598:Bak Bin Yuang
2589:
2583:
2581:
2573:
2567:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2353:Perfume River
2349:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2323:had captured
2322:
2318:
2315:(present-day
2314:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2286:Võ Chiêu Viễn
2283:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2251:Chen Tien-pao
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2163:Nùng Phúc Tấn
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2038:tiền thập-vật
2034:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1836:Đại-tổng-quản
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1727:. He ordered
1726:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1704:. He crowned
1703:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:Lục Đầu River
1456:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1368:Đống Đa Mound
1364:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1274:Đặng Văn Chân
1271:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:war elephants
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1176:Taoist priest
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1144:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1116:Đặng Văn Trấn
1113:
1112:Trương Văn Đa
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:Châu Văn Tiếp
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1001:
998:
990:
980:
976:
970:
969:
964:This section
962:
958:
953:
952:
948:
938:
936:
932:
928:
927:Tây Sơn Vương
924:
919:
917:
913:
912:Đỗ Thanh Nhơn
909:
905:
901:
895:
893:
882:
878:
875:
871:
869:
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
784:
780:
771:
767:
762:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:
632:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
580:
570:
567:
559:
549:
545:
539:
538:
533:This section
531:
527:
522:
521:
513:
511:
505:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
450:
445:
437:
427:
422:
414:
404:
399:
391:
381:
377:
373:
369:
366:
363:
361:
357:
349:
344:
341:
337:
333:
330:
327:Vũ Hoàng đế (
325:
322:
318:
314:
311:
308:Quang Trung (
306:
301:
297:
294:
291:
285:
282:
279:
273:
270:
264:
261:
256:
251:
247:
241:
238:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
219:
216:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
191:
185:
183:
179:
170:
166:
162:
161:Phạm Thị Liên
159:
155:
152:
148:
139:
135:
132:
128:
124:
119:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
49:
46:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
3570:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3531:Quang Trung
3514:
3489:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3454:. Retrieved
3449:
3440:
3430:
3410:
3406:
3394:. Retrieved
3380:
3367:
3358:
3348:
3335:
3325:
3312:
3308:
3277:
3243:
3207:
3192:
3178:
3169:
3164:
3144:
3137:
3129:
3124:
3111:
3091:
3036:
3027:
3014:
3001:
2997:
2984:
2952:
2936:
2923:
2893:
2889:
2850:Vietnamese:
2824:
2814:
2805:
2792:
2748:
2731:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2671:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2597:
2587:
2571:
2566:
2558:
2553:
2520:Gepard-class
2515:
2509:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2400:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2360:
2357:Ngô Thì Nhậm
2350:
2345:
2312:
2302:
2295:
2275:
2263:Fan Wen-tsai
2232:
2208:
2199:
2145:
2128:
2113:
2105:fingerprints
2100:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1820:Đại-tư-không
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1804:Đại-chủng-tể
1803:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1751:was renamed
1747:
1740:
1721:Nguyễn Thiếp
1718:
1709:
1699:
1696:
1680:
1665:
1658:
1634:
1558:
1551:
1526:Sơn army in
1524:
1513:
1457:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1404:
1402:
1372:
1346:Ngô Thì Nhậm
1331:
1327:Phan Văn Lân
1318:
1312:
1300:
1267:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1224:
1212:Uy-quốc-công
1211:
1207:
1204:Lê Hiển Tông
1181:
1168:Phạm Ngô Cầu
1153:
1124:Mỹ Tho River
1120:
1085:
1066:
1056:was sent to
1051:
1035:Pulo Panjang
1016:
993:
984:
973:Please help
968:verification
965:
934:
929:), choosing
920:
896:
888:
879:
876:
872:
861:
857:Hải Vân Pass
845:
814:
787:
775:
749:
746:Võ Xuân Hoài
726:Bùi Thị Xuân
722:Nguyễn Thung
719:
700:
696:
671:
662:
661:
656:
652:
634:
628:
624:Nguyễn lords
585:
562:
553:
542:Please help
537:verification
534:
506:
499:
458:
435:
412:
389:
387:
267:Nguyễn Huệ (
239:
231:Nguyễn Thất
189:
174:Trần Thị Quỵ
165:Bùi Thị Nhạn
142:(1792-09-16)
42:
29:
3605:1792 deaths
3600:1753 births
3456:13 November
3417:chapter. 16
3319:chapter. 15
2880:Vietnamese:
2668:Lý Văn Phức
2603:บากบินเยือง
2516:Quang Trung
2401:Trung Thuần
2386:Vũ Hoàng đế
2376:temple name
2341:Nguyễn Nhạc
2292:Final years
2278:South China
2245:. Infamous
2243:White Lotus
2235:anti-Manchu
2175:Muang Phuan
2152:Tuyên Quang
1962:vị cập cách
1894:(翰林), etc.
1840:Đại-đổng-lý
1812:Đại-tư-khấu
1706:Lê Ngọc Hân
1473:Phượng Nhãn
1427:army under
1411:army under
1279:Trần Văn Kỷ
1231:Vũ Văn Nhậm
1226:Nguyễn Nhạc
1216:Lê Ngọc Hân
1208:Nguyên-soái
1156:Vũ Văn Nhậm
1098:), Trà Ôn,
833:Trịnh Lords
766:Nguyễn Nhạc
730:Võ Văn Dũng
711:Nguyễn Nhạc
657:Đức ông Tám
645:Nguyễn Nhạc
616:Hồ Phi Phúc
600:Hồ Phi Tiễn
596:Hồ Phi Long
471:Nguyễn Nhạc
440:Vietnamese:
417:Vietnamese:
394:Vietnamese:
390:Quang Trung
340:Temple name
169:Lê Ngọc Hân
93:Predecessor
3594:Categories
3582:Cảnh Thịnh
3576:1788–1792
3396:4 November
3390:Tiền Phong
2652:References
2496:banknote.
2483:Bộc Temple
2425:Nguyễn Ánh
2333:Diên Khánh
2325:Bình Thuận
2321:Nguyễn Ánh
2255:Mo Kuan-fu
2249:, such as
2228:Liangguang
2165:(儂福縉) and
2148:Lê Duy Chỉ
2040:(錢什物) and
1966:tráng hạng
1954:capitation
1927:trung-quân
1860:Đại-học-sĩ
1844:Đại-đô-đốc
1824:Đại-tư-cối
1749:Thăng Long
1733:Quyết Hill
1645:Fuk'anggan
1635:The irate
1615:receiving
1544:Cen Yidong
1532:Xu Shiheng
1501:Xu Shiheng
1499:to attack
1485:Cen Yidong
1477:Lạng Giang
1433:Horse Pass
1417:Xu Shiheng
1409:Liangguang
1390:Lê dynasty
1386:Qing China
1380:, fled to
1323:Ngô Văn Sở
1315:Lê Duy Cận
1307:Trịnh Bồng
1287:Thăng Bình
1283:Quảng Ngãi
1200:Thăng Long
1192:Trịnh Khải
1188:Thăng Long
1184:Trịnh lord
1132:The battle
1023:Nguyễn Ánh
923:Vietnamese
810:Quảng Ngãi
798:Diên Khánh
794:Bình Thuận
734:Võ Đình Tú
684:Nguyễn Ánh
516:Early life
502:Nguyễn Ánh
413:Nguyễn Huệ
127:Đàng Trong
76:Coronation
18:Nguyễn Huệ
2743:, p. 70,
2625:Nguyễn Lữ
2466:banknote.
2405:West Lake
2381:(太祖) and
2269:(鄭七) and
2267:Cheng Chi
2239:Tiandihui
2195:war drums
2191:elephants
2183:Nanthasen
2171:Vientiane
2094:khoán-khố
2070:khoán-khố
1974:lão nhiêu
1958:thuế thân
1919:tiền-quân
1866:(協辦大學士),
1848:Đại-đô-hộ
1828:Đại-tư-lệ
1816:Đại-tư-mã
1808:Đại-tư-đồ
1800:tam thiếu
1785:phân-suất
1773:Hiệp-trấn
1753:Bắc Thành
1641:Sun Shiyi
1548:Red River
1509:Thanh Trì
1465:Hải Dương
1429:Wu Dajing
1413:Sun Shiyi
1319:giám quốc
1233:disliked
1108:Vĩnh Long
1096:Sóc Trăng
1019:Nguyễn Lữ
935:Phụ Chính
892:Thuận Hóa
841:Quảng Nam
817:Trịnh Sâm
770:Nguyễn Lữ
715:Nguyễn Lữ
672:môn khách
649:Nguyễn Lữ
512:in 1802.
475:Nguyễn Lữ
346:Thái Tổ (
258:Hồ Thơm (
123:Bình Định
103:Successor
70:1788–1792
3565:Thái Đức
3300:2381407M
3118:vol. 527
2813:(1973).
2533:See also
2487:Chùa Bộc
2444:Nguỵ Tây
2329:Ninh Hòa
2309:Phú Xuân
2307:back to
2241:and the
2156:Cao Bằng
2082:thập-vật
2056:thập-vật
1970:lão hạng
1950:sưu dịch
1935:hữu-quân
1923:hậu-quân
1884:Thị-lang
1882:(左右奉議),
1878:(左右同議),
1874:(六部尚書),
1870:(侍中御史),
1796:tam công
1781:phân-tri
1769:Trấn-thủ
1745:(鳳凰中都).
1702:Đại Việt
1597:Xinjiang
1585:Zhejiang
1505:Ngọc Hồi
1452:Phú Xuân
1444:Lạng Sơn
1405:Mậu Thân
1382:Longzhou
1291:Điện Bàn
1164:Phú Xuân
1104:An Giang
1088:Rạch Giá
1077:Cambodia
1047:Phú Quốc
1043:Quy Nhơn
1029:then to
1027:Rạch Giá
987:May 2020
916:Quy Nhơn
908:Biên Hòa
900:Gia Định
829:Phú Xuân
802:Ninh Hòa
790:Gia Định
783:Quy Nhơn
556:May 2020
388:Emperor
190:see list
151:Đại Việt
147:Phú Xuân
131:Đại Việt
87:Phú Xuân
83:Bân Hill
2799:vol. 30
2621:Ông Bảy
2588:Ong Bai
2523:frigate
2448:Tây tặc
2436:illegal
2379:Thái Tổ
2271:Cheng I
2265:(樊文才),
2261:(梁文庚),
2257:(莫觀扶),
2253:(陳添保),
2223:Guangxi
2204:Nanning
2200:yá háng
2120:chữ Nôm
2101:tín bài
1931:tả-quân
1909:(奇), a
1892:Hàn-lâm
1862:(大學士),
1858:(中書令),
1854:(中書廳),
1850:(大都護),
1846:(大都督),
1842:(大董理),
1838:(大總管),
1832:Thái-úy
1830:(大司隸),
1826:(大司會),
1822:(大司空),
1818:(大司馬),
1814:(大司寇),
1810:(大司徒),
1806:(大冢宰),
1757:Sơn Nam
1661:Beijing
1621:Beijing
1581:Sichuan
1569:Beijing
1497:Sơn Tây
1489:Đống Đa
1270:Phú Yên
1263:Hải Vân
1239:Nghệ An
1148:chữ Nôm
1092:Cần Thơ
1058:Bangkok
1031:Hà Tiên
868:Phú Yên
806:Phú Yên
653:Hồ Thơm
588:Nghệ An
463:chữ Hán
459:Hồ Thơm
449:chữ Hán
426:chữ Hán
403:chữ Hán
3547:
3496:
3298:
3288:
3254:
3152:
3043:p. 60
2678:vol. 9
2596:) and
2454:Legacy
2331:) and
2298:stroke
2187:Horses
1952:) and
1946:corvée
1890:(司務),
1886:(侍郎),
1834:(太尉),
1802:(三少),
1798:(三公),
1755:(北城).
1593:Urumqi
1589:Urumqi
1437:Maguan
1425:Yungui
1392:. The
1100:Sa Đéc
1062:Rama I
931:Đồ Bàn
904:Saigon
744:, and
639:, the
620:Nguyễn
491:Nguyễn
457:), or
379:Mother
371:Father
172:Lê Thị
157:Spouse
3549:Died:
3542:Born:
2593:องบาย
2545:Notes
2084:, 30
2058:, 50
1981:grain
1888:Tư-vụ
1777:huyện
1643:with
1114:sent
604:betel
495:Trịnh
360:House
253:Names
182:Issue
67:Reign
3551:1792
3544:1753
3494:ISBN
3458:2021
3398:2018
3286:ISBN
3252:ISBN
3150:ISBN
2623:was
2317:Vinh
2213:and
2193:and
2173:and
2154:and
2092:for
2088:per
2086:đồng
2080:for
2076:per
2074:tiền
2068:for
2064:per
2061:đồng
2054:for
2047:tiền
2029:per
2021:per
2013:per
2005:per
1997:per
1939:đinh
1901:: a
1765:trấn
1761:trấn
1737:Vinh
1653:Siam
1583:and
1542:and
1475:and
1415:and
1398:Qing
1344:and
1325:and
1289:and
1158:and
1106:and
473:and
137:Died
120:1753
117:Born
2723:và
2612:Bảy
2609:Ông
2369:Huế
2221:of
2090:mẫu
2078:mẫu
2066:mẫu
2052:mẫu
2031:mẫu
2027:bát
2023:mẫu
2019:bát
2015:mẫu
2011:bát
2007:mẫu
2003:bát
1999:mẫu
1995:bát
1990:mẫu
1985:bát
1960:):
1915:đội
1903:đạo
1735:in
1579:in
1520:Tết
1511:).
1503:in
1487:in
1423:);
1396:of
1317:as
1130:).
977:by
808:to
752:).
546:by
454:阮光平
37:光中帝
3596::
3474:.
3448:.
3423:^
3415:,
3388:.
3357:.
3338:.
3317:,
3296:OL
3294:.
3284:.
3280:.
3266:^
3250:.
3246:.
3242:.
3222:^
3116:,
3104:^
3096:,
3048:^
3026:.
3022:.
3006:,
2989:,
2965:^
2957:,
2945:^
2935:.
2931:.
2906:^
2898:,
2859:^
2833:^
2797:,
2757:^
2739:,
2676:,
2670:,
2660:^
2579:^
2574:".
2561:".
2529:.
2518:a
2371:.
2189:,
2111:.
2096:.
2033:.
1911:cơ
1907:cơ
1599:.
1595:,
1538:,
1534:,
1340:,
1336:,
1245:.
1049:.
925::
918:.
843:.
812:.
796:,
768:,
740:,
736:,
732:,
728:,
724:,
647:,
451::
447:;
431:阮惠
428::
424:;
408:光中
405::
401:;
348:太祖
332:皇帝
263:𦹳
149:,
129:,
125:,
85:,
3502:.
3478:.
3460:.
3400:.
3342:.
3302:.
3260:.
3158:.
3030:.
2939:.
2819:.
2644:"
2600:(
2590:(
2485:(
1956:(
1948:(
1623:.
1435:(
1150:)
1000:)
994:(
989:)
985:(
971:.
592:胡
569:)
563:(
558:)
554:(
540:.
461:(
438:(
415:(
392:(
350:)
334:)
329:武
313:中
310:光
298:)
296:平
293:光
290:阮
286:)
284:惠
281:文
278:阮
274:)
272:惠
269:阮
265:)
260:胡
20:)
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