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Schematic representation of the propagation of light in a Nicol prism showing the splitting of unpolarized light into ordinary and extraordinary polarized rays
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Unpolarized light ray enters through the side face of the crystal, and is split into two orthogonally polarized, differently directed rays by the
269:= 1.486) in the calcite crystal and is not totally reflected at the interface because it strikes the interface at a sub-critical angle. The
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Nicol prism at the
Mineralogical Collection "Luigi Bombicci Museum" of the University of Bologna, in Bologna
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In most instruments, however, Nicol prisms have been replaced by other types of polarizers such as
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at the glue interface, as well as a final refraction on exit from the upper side of the prism.
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for the interface. It passes out the top side of the upper half of the prism with some
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It was the first type of polarizing prism, invented in 1828 by
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Optical polarizer made of two birefrengent calcite crystals
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Nicol prisms were once widely used in mineralogical
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234:= 1.658 in the calcite and undergoes a
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246:= 1.550) exceeds the
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384:Microscopy
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