539:
548:
33:
170:
134:. These men did not support her, however; she prided herself on her independent income. "Ninon always had crowds of adorers but never more than one lover at a time, and when she tired of the present occupier, she said so frankly and took another. Yet such was the authority of this wanton, that no man dared fall out with his successful rival; he was only too happy to be allowed to visit as a familiar friend,"
212:. Saint-Simon wrote that "The lady did not like her to be mentioned in her presence, but dared not disown her, and wrote cordial letters to her from time to time, to the day of her death". Ninon eventually died at the age of 84, as a very wealthy woman. To the end, she "was convinced that she had no soul, and never abandoned that conviction, not even in advanced old age, not even at the hour of her death."
185:). She was also noted for her wit; among her numerous sayings and quips are "Much more genius is needed to make love than to command armies" and "We should take care to lay in a stock of provisions, but not of pleasures: these should be gathered day by day." A picture of Ninon, under the name of Damo, was sketched in
228:
Ninon de l'Enclos is a relatively obscure figure in the
English-speaking world, but is much better known in France where her name is synonymous with wit and beauty. Saint-Simon noted "Ninon made friends among the great in every walk of life, had wit and intelligence enough to keep them, and, what is
138:
wrote. In 1652, Ninon took up with Louis de Mornay, the marquis de
Villarceaux, by whom she had a son, also named Louis. She lived with the marquis until 1655, when she returned to Paris. When she would not return to him, the marquis fell into a fever; to console him, Ninon cut her hair and sent the
224:
uses
Lenclos's life to emphasize how the most bitter reproach for an eighteenth-century woman was to be called unchaste: "The maiden Ninon Lenclos made not the least claims to the honor of chastity, and nevertheless she would have been implacably offended if one of her lovers had gone so far in his
101:
Born Anne de l'Enclos in Paris on 10 November 1620, she was nicknamed "Ninon" at an early age by her father, Henri de l'Enclos, a lutenist and published composer, who taught her to sing and play the lute. In 1632, he was exiled from France after a duel. When Ninon's mother, Marie Barbe
114:
Returning to Paris, she became a popular figure in the salons, and her own drawing room became a centre for the discussion and consumption of the literary arts. In her early thirties she was responsible for encouraging the young
247:
wrote the poem "Ninon De L'Enclos On Her Last
Birthday" and also referred to Ninon in another of her poems, "Words Of Comfort To Be Scratched On A Mirror". L'Enclos is the eponymous heroine of
106:, died ten years later, the unmarried Ninon entered a convent, only to leave the next year. For the remainder of her life she was determined to remain unmarried and independent.
146:
This life (less acceptable in her time than it would become in later years) and her opinions on organised religion caused her some trouble, and she was imprisoned in the
221:
1158:
196:
Starting in the late 1660s she retired from her courtesan lifestyle and concentrated more on her literary friends – from 1667, she hosted her gatherings at
126:
It was during this period that her life as a courtesan began. Ninon took a succession of notable and wealthy lovers, including the king's cousin the
624:
103:
364:
200:, which was considered "the" location of the salon of Ninon de l'Enclos despite other locales in the past. During this time she was a friend of
1163:
1143:
1255:
1250:
1200:
1240:
119:, and when she died she left money for the son of her notary, a nine-year-old named François-Marie Arouet, later to become known as
131:
1168:
395:
301:
470:
377:
291:
1245:
617:
177:
In response, as an author she defended the possibility of living a good life in the absence of religion, notably in 1659's
135:
32:
204:, the great French playwright. Later she would become a close friend with the devout Françoise d'Aubigné, better known as
884:
562:
1173:
667:
311:
909:
465:. Cambridge texts in the history of philosophy. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 41.
662:
610:
225:
judgment." Kant underscored the sexist moral double-standard during
Lenclos' life and during Kant's life time.
1230:
582:
1235:
657:
1138:
819:
576:
359:
590:
1091:
1086:
703:
159:
934:
520:
Michel Vergé-Franceschi, Ninon de
Lenclos, Libertine du Grand Siècle, Paris, Payot, 2014, 432 pages
240:
1194:
1122:
899:
728:
186:
974:
854:
647:
633:
844:
281:
1153:
652:
147:
93:(10 November 1620 – 17 October 1705), was a French author, courtesan and patron of the arts.
1066:
1005:
914:
504:
The 1911 edition of
Encyclopædia Britannica lists her date of birth being in November 1615.
1225:
1220:
1036:
969:
964:
904:
859:
834:
829:
369:
462:
Immanuel Kant: observations on the feeling of the beautiful and sublime and other writings
8:
777:
205:
1000:
949:
959:
889:
824:
798:
749:
839:
1112:
1046:
879:
688:
683:
534:
476:
466:
373:
307:
287:
1148:
1107:
1051:
1041:
995:
929:
772:
698:
597:
552:
543:
318:
163:
874:
575:
1021:
894:
869:
864:
253:
236:
232:
151:
919:
1117:
1061:
1056:
954:
849:
718:
708:
530:
248:
244:
127:
1214:
944:
803:
793:
480:
355:
990:
693:
460:
1026:
723:
602:
201:
1193:
939:
1031:
116:
733:
713:
568:
243:
used Ninon as a symbol of aging beauty in his poem "Veteran Sirens."
209:
155:
354:
Dugot, Joël & Ledbetter, David (2001). "L'Enclos, Henri de". In
418:
Seductress: Women Who
Ravished the World and Their Lost Art of Love
169:
120:
557:
396:"Portrait of the courtesan: the 'two bodies' of Ninon de Lenclos"
208:, the lady-in-waiting who would later become the second wife of
300:
Chew III, William L. (2002). "Lenclos, Ninon de (1623–1705)".
56:
459:
Kant, Immanuel; Frierson, Patrick R.; Guyer, Paul (2011).
235:
mentioned her in his short story "The spectacles," as did
278:
Sources also list her birth date as 9 January 1623; see
222:
Observations on the
Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime
162:, former queen of Sweden. Impressed, Christina wrote to
1159:
Occupation of Saint-Nizier church by Lyon prostitutes
139:
shorn locks to him, starting a vogue for bobbed hair
286:. Vol. 1. New York: Garland. pp. 717–718.
303:
Women in World
History: A Biographical Encyclopedia
1204:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 418.
317:
458:
109:
1212:
598:Project Continua: Biography of Ninon de l'Enclos
342:Ninon de l'Enclos: La courtisane du grand siècle
166:on Ninon's behalf and arranged for her release.
449:(New York: New York Review Books 2013), p. 123.
429:Benjamin W. Wells, "La Calprenède and Scudéry"
400:Papers on French Seventeenth Century Literature
365:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
306:. Waterford, Connecticut: Yorkin Publications.
229:more, to keep them friendly with one another."
1164:Parisian Women in Algerian Costume (The Harem)
353:
158:. Not long after, however, she was visited by
618:
283:An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers
632:
625:
611:
447:The Crisis of the European Mind, 1680–1715
31:
154:, Queen of France and regent for her son
406:(67): 309+ – via Academic OneFile.
393:
299:
168:
274:
272:
270:
173:Etching by Antoine-Jean-Baptiste Coupé.
16:French author and courtesan (1620–1705)
1213:
1169:Prostitution in Impressionist painting
592:Ninon De Lenclos, On Her Last Birthday
1144:Brigade de répression du proxénétisme
606:
37:Ninon de L'Enclos, by unknown artist.
279:
267:
563:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
540:Works by or about Ninon de l'Enclos
13:
1256:18th-century French letter writers
1251:17th-century French letter writers
549:Works by or about Ninon de Lenclos
507:
487:
14:
1267:
1241:17th-century French women writers
668:History of prostitution in France
524:
132:François, duc de La Rochefoucauld
436:.4 (October 1898:439–460) p. 457
394:Harrison, David (January 2007).
1186:
663:Prostitution in Overseas France
910:Anne Françoise Elisabeth Lange
583:New International Encyclopedia
452:
439:
423:
410:
387:
347:
334:
110:Life as a courtesan and author
1:
658:Chinese prostitution in Paris
260:
96:
1139:Bordel militaire de campagne
7:
1246:17th-century French writers
787:Brothel owners & madams
10:
1272:
1174:Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
1092:Syndicat du travail sexuel
1087:Les amis du bus des femmes
515:Saint-Simon at Versailles,
1195:"Lenclos, Ninon de"
1131:
1100:
1079:
1014:
983:
812:
786:
765:
758:
742:
676:
640:
577:"Ninon de l'Enclos"
531:Works by Ninon de Lenclos
215:
150:in 1656 at the behest of
130:, Gaston de Coligny, and
123:, so he could buy books.
64:
42:
30:
23:
368:(2nd ed.). London:
241:Edwin Arlington Robinson
239:the "Venus Annodomini".
83:Anne "Ninon" de l'Enclos
1201:Encyclopædia Britannica
1123:Rue Saint-Denis (Paris)
900:Marie-Madeleine Guimard
729:Palais Oriental (Reims)
251:'s 1896 opéra comique,
975:Theroigne de Mericourt
855:Anne Victoire Dervieux
648:Prostitution in France
634:Prostitution in France
493:"The Drama in Paris",
174:
1231:Courtesans from Paris
1154:Madelonnettes Convent
935:Marie-Louise O'Murphy
653:Prostitution in Paris
497:, 7 March 1896, p. 13
416:Prioleau, Elizabeth.
280:Wall, Glenda (1991).
220:Immanuel Kant in his
172:
148:Madelonnettes Convent
1236:French salon-holders
1037:Valtesse de La Bigne
965:Marguerite Steinheil
905:Valtesse de La Bigne
860:Marie-Anne Detourbay
835:Marguerite Bellanger
370:Macmillan Publishers
1101:Red-light districts
845:Berthe de Courrière
820:Émilienne d'Alençon
778:Thierry Schaffauser
322:on 20 February 2016
206:Madame de Maintenon
1067:RĂ©taux de Villette
1006:RĂ©taux de Villette
960:Apollonie Sabatier
915:Geneviève Lantelme
890:Marguerite Gourdan
825:Marguerite Alibert
799:Marguerite Gourdan
750:Loi Marthe Richard
704:L'Étoile de Kléber
558:"Ninon de Lenclos"
517:1958 p. 100f.
431:The Sewanee Review
179:La coquette vengée
175:
1182:
1181:
1113:Bois de Vincennes
1075:
1074:
925:Ninon de l'Enclos
880:Marthe de Florian
830:Blanche d'Antigny
689:Aux Belles Poules
684:Brothels in Paris
569:Ninon de l'Enclos
535:Project Gutenberg
472:978-0-521-88412-9
379:978-1-56159-239-5
293:978-0-8240-8547-6
183:The Flirt Avenged
80:
79:
25:Ninon de L'Enclos
1263:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1190:
1149:The French Woman
1118:Quartier Pigalle
1108:Bois de Boulogne
1052:Morgane Merteuil
1042:Caroline Lacroix
1001:François Spirito
996:Hamida Djandoubi
950:Olympe PĂ©lissier
773:Morgane Merteuil
763:
762:
699:La Fleur blanche
627:
620:
613:
604:
603:
587:
579:
553:Internet Archive
544:Internet Archive
498:
491:
485:
484:
456:
450:
443:
437:
427:
421:
414:
408:
407:
391:
385:
383:
351:
345:
338:
332:
331:
329:
327:
321:
316:. Archived from
297:
276:
187:Mlle. de Scudéry
164:Cardinal Mazarin
91:Ninon de Lanclos
87:Ninon de Lenclos
71:
53:10 November 1620
52:
50:
35:
21:
20:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1127:
1096:
1071:
1022:Fernande Barrey
1010:
979:
970:Thérésa Tallien
895:Catherine Grand
885:Eugénie Fougère
870:Marie Duplessis
865:Madame du Barry
840:Jeanne Brécourt
808:
782:
754:
738:
672:
636:
631:
574:
571:at aelliott.com
527:
510:
508:Further reading
502:
501:
492:
488:
473:
457:
453:
444:
440:
428:
424:
415:
411:
392:
388:
380:
352:
348:
340:Roger DuchĂŞne,
339:
335:
325:
323:
314:
294:
277:
268:
263:
237:Rudyard Kipling
233:Edgar Allan Poe
218:
198:l'hĂ´tel Sagonne
152:Anne of Austria
112:
99:
85:, also spelled
76:
73:
69:
68:17 October 1705
60:
54:
48:
46:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1269:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1208:
1207:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1062:Marthe Richard
1059:
1057:Suzanne Muzard
1054:
1049:
1047:Jamila M'Barek
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
987:
985:
981:
980:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
955:Liane de Pougy
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
850:Marion Delorme
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
816:
814:
810:
809:
807:
806:
801:
796:
790:
788:
784:
783:
781:
780:
775:
769:
767:
760:
756:
755:
753:
752:
746:
744:
740:
739:
737:
736:
731:
726:
721:
719:Maison Souquet
716:
711:
709:Lanterne Verte
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
680:
678:
674:
673:
671:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
644:
642:
638:
637:
630:
629:
622:
615:
607:
601:
600:
595:
588:
572:
566:
555:
546:
537:
526:
525:External links
523:
522:
521:
518:
509:
506:
500:
499:
486:
471:
451:
438:
422:
409:
386:
378:
356:Sadie, Stanley
346:
333:
312:
292:
265:
264:
262:
259:
249:Charles Lecocq
245:Dorothy Parker
217:
214:
111:
108:
98:
95:
78:
77:
74:
72:(aged 84)
66:
62:
61:
55:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1268:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:Organisations
1078:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
986:
982:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
945:Justine Paris
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
875:Rosalie Duthé
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
815:
811:
805:
804:Justine Paris
802:
800:
797:
795:
794:Madame Claude
792:
791:
789:
785:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
768:
764:
761:
757:
751:
748:
747:
745:
741:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
679:
675:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
643:
639:
635:
628:
623:
621:
616:
614:
609:
608:
605:
599:
596:
594:
593:
589:
585:
584:
578:
573:
570:
567:
565:
564:
559:
556:
554:
550:
547:
545:
541:
538:
536:
532:
529:
528:
519:
516:
513:Lucy Norton,
512:
511:
505:
496:
490:
482:
478:
474:
468:
464:
463:
455:
448:
445:Paul Hazard,
442:
435:
432:
426:
419:
413:
405:
401:
397:
390:
381:
375:
371:
367:
366:
361:
360:Tyrrell, John
357:
350:
344:(Paris 1984).
343:
337:
320:
315:
313:0-7876-4074-3
309:
305:
304:
295:
289:
285:
284:
275:
273:
271:
266:
258:
256:
255:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
223:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
193:(1654–1661).
192:
188:
184:
180:
171:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
107:
105:
94:
92:
88:
84:
75:Paris, France
67:
63:
58:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1199:
1188:
991:Paul Carbone
924:
920:MĂ©ry Laurent
694:Le Chabanais
591:
581:
561:
514:
503:
494:
489:
461:
454:
446:
441:
433:
430:
425:
417:
412:
403:
399:
389:
363:
349:
341:
336:
324:. Retrieved
319:the original
302:
282:
252:
231:
227:
219:
197:
195:
190:
182:
178:
176:
145:
140:
125:
113:
104:de la Marche
100:
90:
86:
82:
81:
70:(1705-10-17)
18:
1226:1705 deaths
1221:1620 births
1027:Zahia Dehar
1015:Prostitutes
930:LĂ©onie LĂ©on
724:One-Two-Two
326:23 November
202:Jean Racine
136:Saint-Simon
128:Great Condé
1215:Categories
1032:Jean Genet
813:Courtesans
261:References
141:Ă la Ninon
97:Early life
49:1620-11-10
766:Activists
734:Le Sphinx
714:Le Fourcy
481:693208085
210:Louis XIV
160:Christina
156:Louis XIV
940:La PaĂŻva
677:Brothels
641:Overview
362:(eds.).
121:Voltaire
59:, France
586:. 1905.
551:at the
542:at the
495:The Era
254:Ninette
117:Molière
759:People
479:
469:
420:(2004)
376:
358:&
310:
290:
216:Legacy
191:Clélie
1132:Other
984:Pimps
57:Paris
477:OCLC
467:ISBN
374:ISBN
328:2015
308:ISBN
298:and
288:ISBN
89:and
65:Died
43:Born
743:Law
533:at
189:'s
1217::
1198:.
580:.
560:.
475:.
404:34
402:.
398:.
372:.
269:^
257:.
143:.
626:e
619:t
612:v
483:.
434:6
384:‎
382:.
330:.
296:.
181:(
51:)
47:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
