366:), in which he outlined a plan for an academic Yiddish institute and library. He proposed that the institute contain four scholarly sections: one for Yiddish philology; one for Jewish history; one to deal with social and economic issues; and a pedagogical section, which would include a bibliographic center, for collecting and recording publications in Yiddish. Shtif argued that the creation of an academic institute to support scholarship was a necessary step in the growth of Yiddish culture: "There arrives the time when every people at a certain level of cultural development must and wishes to participate directly in the scholarly work of the entire intellectual world."
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303:(ICA). He also published several articles on literary criticism, politics and Yiddish philology in Russian and Yiddish periodicals. In 1910, he moved back to Rovno, where he worked at a Jewish bank and contributed to various periodicals, usually under the pseudonym Bal-Dimyen (Dreamer). He completed his dissertation and graduated from the Jaroslavl (Galicia) Law School in 1913.
310:(The Week). Also in 1914, he started the Yiddish children's series "פֿאַר אונדזערע קינדער" ("For Our Children"). While living in St. Petersburg during the years 1915–1918, he worked for the Jewish aid organization, YEKOPO (Evreiskii Komitet Pomoshchi Zhertvam Voiny, Jewish Committee to Aid Victims of the War), editing its journal, and was active in
421:(On the Language Front; 1931-1933), which he also edited. He also continued to publish articles on the history of Yiddish literature and language, on language planning, on the development of Yiddish spelling, and on issues of stylistics. For a short time, he directed the Kiev Institute, but later headed only its philological section.
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In the autumn of 1903, Shtif cofounded the
Vozrozhdenie (Renaissance) Jewish socialist group in Kiev with A. Ben-Adir and W. Fabrikant. Shortly thereafter, he was arrested for his political activities and was expelled from the Kiev Polytechnic University. From late 1904 until early 1906, he lived in
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Shtif, while involved in organizing the YIVO in Vilna, was lured by the unprecedented scale of state-sponsored Jewish cultural development in the Soviet Union, particularly in
Ukraine. In 1926, he was invited to oversee the Kiev Institute of Jewish Proletarian Culture (previously known as the Chair
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and helped establish the radical student
Zionist organization Molodoy Izrail (Young Israel), and also participated in the 1902 Minsk Zionist Conference. The scholar Gennady Estraikh reports that in an early, unpublished article, Shtif "pioneered an ideological concept later employed by the
259:). He received both a Jewish and a secular education. Even as a student at a Russian secondary school and, later, at Kiev Polytechnic University (where he was enrolled between 1899 and 1903), he continued studying religious and modern Hebrew literature.
393:. With as yet only limited funds, the research sections of the new institute – organized essentially along the lines that Shtif had proposed – began their work, at first both in Berlin and in Vilna, in fall 1925.
340:, 1919), concerned the Jewish future in the post-war world, which Shtif envisioned as a brotherhood of nations that included Jews as an autonomous national collective with a highly developed Yiddish culture.
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Shtif died at his desk in Kiev on 7 April 1933, while attempting to vindicate himself of the charge made against him in Soviet Russia for his bourgeois and “provincial
Yiddishist approach.”
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On March 24, 1925, the
Central Education Committee (Tsentrale Bildungs Komitet or TSBK), the Vilna branch of the Central Yiddish School Organization (Tsentrale Yidishe Shul Organizatsye or
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Between 1906 and 1910, Shtif spent time in Kiev, Vilna, Vitebsk, and Saint
Petersburg. He was a party agitator, an editor for modern Yiddish literature at the Kletskin publishing house in
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425:, a Communist Party member, replaced Shtif as director of the Institute of Jewish Proletarian Culture. In 1928, both men were severely criticized for attempting to bring
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389:, among others, came to decisions about the research and publishing programs, and the organizational structure of the Yiddish Scientific Institute, commonly known as
314:(Society for the Promotion of Culture among the Jews of Russia) and with instituting Yiddish as the language of instruction in Jewish schools. In 1917, after the
280:: emigration and colonization as a means of creating a Jewish proletariat, which, according to Shtif, could not exist in the repressive environment of Russia".
373:) and the Vilna Education Society (Vilner Bildungs Gezelshaft or VILBIG) met to discuss Shtif’s memorandum, which they approved in a brochure entitled,
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330:. In 1918, Shtif moved to Kiev, where he was active in YEKOPO and also devoted himself to journalism. His writings, including the pamphlet
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gave lectures for
Yiddish teachers, and then moved to Kovno (Kaunas). In 1922 he settled in Berlin after having earned a doctorate at
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Kuznitz (2014), p. 55. Quotation from Shtif, "Vegn a yidishn akademishn institut," as translated by
Kuznitz and cited by her.
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in Kiev. Its members, also known as
Sejmists, sought Jewish national autonomy in Russia and became committed Yiddishists.
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Shtif was born on 29 September 1879 (6 October 1879 on the
Gregorian calendar) to a prosperous family in Rovno, Volhynia (
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overtook Kiev in October 1920, Shtif left Russia, spending a short time in Minsk, where he and
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Bern, Switzerland, where he organized a local Vozrozhdenie group and agitated against the
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YIVO and the Making of Modern Jewish Culture: Scholarship for the Yiddish Nation
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In 1914 Shtif returned to Vilna, and became the editor of the publication,
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Jews and Yiddish, or Who Are the "Yiddishists" and What Do They Want?
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and social activist. In his early years he wrote under the pen name
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At the same time, he launched a professional philological journal,
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Yidn un yidish, oder ver zaynen "yidishistn" un vos viln zey?
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549:; RG 57; YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, New York, NY.
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General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia
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to Kiev as a guest of honor for a ceremonial opening.
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In October 1924, Shtif drafted a memorandum entitled,
461:. Retrieved 2015-09-18 from www.yivoencyclopedia.org.
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
318:, Shtif became one of the founders of the revived
500:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 46-47.
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541:ייִדן און ייִדיש "Jews and Yiddish" (in Yiddish)
459:YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe
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375:Di organizatsye fun der yidisher visnshaft
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117:Learn how and when to remove this message
453:Estraikh, Gennady (2010, October 18). "
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364:About a Yiddish Academic Institute
360:Vegn a yidishn akademishn institut
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613:20th-century Russian translators
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543:, by Nochum Shtif, Warsaw, 1920
494:Kuznitz, Cecile Esther (2014).
475:Grammar of the Yiddish Language
301:Jewish Colonization Association
278:Zionist Socialist Workers Party
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404:Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
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527:Kuznitz (2014), p. 68.
518:Kuznitz (2014), p. 62.
269:First Zionist Congress
198:Baal Dimion (pen name)
563:Linguists from Russia
477:. London: Duckworth.
603:Linguists of Yiddish
573:Russian philologists
473:Katz, Dovid (1987).
415:The Yiddish Language
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588:Writers from Kaunas
316:February Revolution
618:Jewish translators
411:Di yidishe shprakh
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49:Please help
44:verification
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18:Nokhem Shtif
608:1933 deaths
593:1879 births
320:Folkspartei
247:Early years
237:Baal Dimion
213:Nohum Shtif
187:Nationality
557:Categories
436:References
397:Last years
345:Bolsheviks
343:After the
263:Activities
241:Bal-Dimyen
158:1879-10-06
77:newspapers
324:Folksblat
221:נחום שטיף
227:– 1933,
308:Di Vokh
273:Zionist
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217:Yiddish
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171:Died
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