444:
660:
724:
946:
1341:
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390:
2007:
837:
164:
765:
691:
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406:
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425:
480:
796:
375:
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535:
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84:
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829:, to his trip to Rome in 1590, from which he "returned a changed artist. From this time on he no longer made prints after Spranger's extravaganzas. The monstrous muscle-men and over-elongated female nudes with tiny heads ... were replaced by figures with more normal proportions and movements." Spranger's work "had a wide and immediate effect in the Northern Netherlands", and the group known as the "Haarlem Mannerists", principally Goltzius, van Mander, and
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1584:
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265:
1164:
1006:, who was brusquely dismissive of 'lower' forms of art) to accept the value of other specialized genres of art, and to accept that many artists should specialize in these, if that is where their talent lay. Specialization of many artists in the various genres was well advanced by the end of the century, in both the Netherlands and Prague, exemplified by Bruegel's two sons,
1014:, though it was also typical of the period that they both had more than one speciality during their careers. Although landscapes, scenes of peasant life, sea-scapes and still lifes could be bought by dealers for stock, and good portraits were always in demand, demand for history painting was not equal to the potential supply, and many artists, like
856:
could switch styles depending on subject or commission, and continued to produce portraits and genre scenes in styles based on local traditions at the same time they were working on highly
Mannerist paintings. After his return from Italy, Goltzius moved to a quieter proto-Baroque classicism, and his work in that style influenced many.
1209:, although such was the scale of Fontainebleau that these might contain several full-length figures. Variations on the elaborate framings, as if made of cut, pierced and rolled parchment, played out in decorative framing schemes, engraved title pages and carved and inlaid furniture into the seventeenth century.
813:
Whereas the artists of both
Fontainebleau and Prague were mostly provided with a home so congenial in both intellectual and physical terms that they stayed to the end of their lives, for artists of the last Netherlandish phase of the movement Mannerism was very often a phase through which they passed
148:
For each succeeding generations of artists, the problem became more acute, as much
Northern work continued to gradually assimilate aspects of Renaissance style, while the most advanced Italian art had spiralled into an atmosphere of self-conscious sophistication and complexity that must have seemed a
70:
The three main centres of the style were in France, especially in the period 1530–1550, in Prague from 1576, and in the
Netherlands from the 1580s—the first two phases very much led by royal patronage. In the last 15 years of the century, the style, by then becoming outdated in Italy, was widespread
1675:
in 1572–3, which he lived through. Brughel's completely un-mannerist version of the same subject was bought by Rudolf, who had someone turn many of the massacred children into geese, calves, cheeses, and other less disturbing spoils. In general, Mannerist painting emphasizes peace and harmony, and
1186:
The importance of prints as a medium for disseminating
Mannerist style has already been mentioned; Northern Mannerism "was a style that lent itself admirably to printmaking, and inspired the production of a succession of masterpieces of the printmaker's art". Goltzius was already the most celebrated
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between 1550 and 1650, when it was finally replaced by the
Baroque. The style includes various mannerist traditions, which are closely related with ethnic and religious diversity of the country, as well as with its economic and political situation at that time. The period between 1550 and 1650 was a
623:
Rudolf was not very interested in religion, and "in the Prague of Rudolf II, an explosion of mythological imagery was produced that had not been seen since
Fontainebleau". Goddesses were usually naked, or nearly so, and a more overt atmosphere of eroticism prevails than is found in most Renaissance
107:
of the 1520s as a development of, a reaction against, and an attempt to excel, the serenely balanced triumphs of that style. As art historian Henri Zerner explains: "The concept of
Mannerism—so important to modern criticism and notably to the renewed taste for Fontainebleau art—designates a style in
66:
in the 16th and early 17th centuries. Styles largely derived from
Italian Mannerism were found in the Netherlands and elsewhere from around the mid-century, especially Mannerist ornament in architecture; this article concentrates on those times and places where Northern Mannerism generated its most
1392:
and his son Hans, goldsmiths to a succession of Holy Roman
Emperors, including Rudolf, were unexcelled in the north. Silversmiths made covered cups and richly wrought ewers and platters, strictly for display, perhaps incorporating the large sea-shells now being brought back from the tropics, which
937:
and others. Bloemaert painted many landscapes reconciling these types by combining close-up trees, with figures, and a small distant view from above to one side (example below). Paul Brill's early landscapes were distinctly Mannerist in their artificiality and crowded decorative effects, but after
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of Rudolf II, played an important role in the development of the still life as an independent genre, and in particular still lifes of flowers. An undated flower piece executed by Hoefnagel in the form of a miniature is the first known independent still life. Hoefnagel enlivened his flower pieces
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that were taken more seriously in Rudolf's Prague than any other Renaissance court. It seems, however, that the painted allegories from Prague contain neither very specific complicated meanings, nor hidden recipes for alchemy. Giambologna frequently chose, or let someone else choose, a title for
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Other parts of Northern Europe did not have the advantage of such intense contact with Italian artists, but the Mannerist style made its presence felt through prints and illustrated books, the purchases of Italian works by rulers and others, artists' travels to Italy, and the example of individual
855:
Partly because most of his Netherlandish followers had only seen Spranger's work through prints and his mostly very free drawings, his more painterly handling was not adopted, and they retained the tighter and more realistic technique in which they had been trained. Many Dutch mannerist painters
2236:
The different definitions of what constituted Italian Mannerism are notorious, and have a knock-on effect in defining the northern versions. For the purposes of this article, the term is used broadly in the sense set out in Shearman (pp. 15–32 in particular), though in a rather wider sense when
1412:
Though Mannerist sculptors produced life-size bronzes, the bulk of their output by unit was of editions of small bronzes, often reduced versions of the large compositions, which were intended to be appreciated by holding and turning in the hands, when the best "give an aesthetic stimulus of that
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Printed Mannerist ornament, in a somewhat broader sense of the word, was a good deal easier to produce than the risky application of an extreme Mannerist style to large figure compositions, and had been spreading across Europe well in advance of painting in the form of frames to portrait prints,
119:
The High Renaissance was a purely Italian phenomenon, and Italian Mannerism required both artists and an audience highly trained in the preceding Renaissance styles, whose conventions were often flouted in a knowing fashion. In Northern Europe, however, such artists, and such an audience, could
1566:
In the case of Rudolf's Prague and French art after the mid-century, secular and mythological Mannerist art seems to have been partly a deliberate attempt to produce an art that appealed across religious and political divides. At the same time, Mannerism at its most extreme was usually a court
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also painted these. Such subjects appealed to both aristocratic patrons and the bourgeois market, which was far larger in the Netherlands. This was especially so in the Protestant north, after the movement of populations in the Revolt, where the demand for religious works was largely absent.
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engraver in the Netherlands when the Mannerist virus struck, and despite the disruptions of war he and other Netherlandish printmakers were connected with the well-oiled machinery of distribution across Europe that had been built up over the preceding fifty years, originally centred on
1683:, was given Mannerist treatments by several artists, as a lush landscape subject. But for Dutch Protestants the subject recalled the years before and during their Revolt, when they were forced to congregate for services in the open countryside outside towns controlled by the Spanish.
531:, safer from the regular Turkish invasions, and during his reign of 1576–1612 Rudolf was to become an obsessive collector of old and new art, his artists mixing with the astronomers, clockmakers, botanists, and "wizards, alchemists and kabbalists" whom Rudolf also gathered around him.
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283:, often executed by French artists to drawings by the Italians (and then reproduced in prints), and the Fontainebleau style affected French sculpture more strongly than French painting. The huge stucco frames which dominate their inset paintings with bold high-relief
1559:. The relationship between Mannerism, religion and politics was very complex. Although religious works were produced, Northern Mannerist art de-emphasized religious subjects, and when it did treat them was usually against the spirit both of the Counter-Reformation
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court in Florence; all of which relied heavily on the visual arts. After an interlude when work on Fontainebleau was abandoned at the height of the French Wars of Religion, a "Second School of Fontainebleau" was formed from local artists in the 1590s.
1514:
of Mannerist forms and decor was produced in limited quantities for a restricted fashion-conscious clientele from the 1520s to the 1540s, while the crowded, disconcertingly lifelike compositions of snakes and toads characterize the Mannerist painted
294:
A number of areas in the decorative arts joined in the style, especially where there were customers from the court. High-style walnut furniture made in metropolitan centers like Paris and Dijon, employed strapwork framing and sculptural supports in
519:, whose fantasy portraits made up of objects were slightly more serious in the world of late-Renaissance philosophy than they seem now. At the end of his reign he devised a project for a new palace and just before he died the young Flemish painter
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576:
Works from Rudolf's Prague were highly finished and refined, with most paintings being relatively small. The elongation of figures and strikingly complex poses of the first wave of Italian Mannerism were continued, and the elegant distance of
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1575:
Protestants and other patriots of France and the Netherlands with their unpopular Catholic rulers. But, at least earlier, many of the artists producing extreme Mannerist style were Protestant, and in France Calvinist, for example
825:, the greatest printmaker of the day, his most Mannerist phase under the influence of Spranger only lasted for the five years between 1585, when he engraved his first print after one of the Spranger drawings brought from Prague by
866:
after returning from Italy in 1590, drew more influence from Italian Mannerists than from Prague, and also continued to produce kitchen scenes and portraits alongside his naked deities. Unlike many, notably his fellow Utrechter
144:
had been generally the most advanced in northern Europe since before 1400, and the best Netherlandish artists were better able than those of other regions to keep up with Italian developments, though lagging at a distance.
1435:
made a specialty of richly carved and veneered cabinets inlaid with tortoiseshell, ebony, and ivory, with architectural interiors, mirrored to multiply reflections in feigned spaces. In England the Mannerist excesses of
552:
Rudolf's artistic preferences were for mythological scenes with nudes as well as allegorical propaganda pieces which extolled the virtues of himself as ruler. A work combining the elements of eroticism and propaganda is
595:
who lived in Spranger's house, had been tempted to the city itself. Rudolf also commissioned work from Italy, above all from Giambologna, who the Medicis would not allow to leave Florence, and four great mythological
659:
925:, the last an important figure in the Early Baroque. Most still painted Netherlandish panoramas from a high view-point, with small figures forming a specific subject, but Gillis van Coninxloo followed the earlier
1722:
without ever having seen major use by the court. The palace was destroyed before 1700 and only small fragments of work associated with it have survived, as well as a faint ripple of influence detectable in later
690:
1567:
style, often used to propagandize for the monarchy, and it risked becoming discredited through association with unpopular rulers. While Rudolf's genuine tolerance seems to have avoided this in Germany and
424:
3112:""What could be better now than the struggle for freedom and faith", Confessionalization and the Estates' Quest for Liberation as Reflected in the Silesian Arts of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries"
1641:, also comments on the civil war, betraying a "typically Mannerist penchant for miniaturization". Tiny, naked human beings "swarm over the earth like worms", while God looks down in judgement from above.
214:–1571), all of whom remained in France until their deaths. This conjunction succeeded in generating a native French style with strong Mannerist elements that was then able to develop largely on its own.
389:
1198:) were technically rather rough, produced in smaller numbers, and mainly influential in France. They were made in an intense period of activity approximately from 1542 to 1548. Those made in Paris were
1246:
374:
287:, swags of fruit, and generous staffage of naked nymph-like figures, were very influential on the vocabulary of Mannerist ornament all over Europe, spread by ornament books and prints by
723:
405:
1307:
561:), which shows Minverva (the Roman goddess of war, wisdom, arts and trade) with exposed breasts and a helmet treading down Ignorance, symbolised by a man with the ears of an ass.
2549:
1617:, Caron produced "what is perhaps the purest known type of Mannerism in its elegant form, appropriate to an exquisite but neurotic aristocratic society". His cartoons for the
1205:
Many of the Fontainebleau prints were apparently made directly from drawn designs for the decorations of the palace, and consisted largely or entirely of ornamental frames or
2388:
1806:, who had spent the last years of Rudolf's reign as a young artist in Prague, continued the Rudolfine style into the 1640s, despite the horrors visited on Silesia by the
307:, of which only about sixty pieces survive, brought a similar aesthetic into pottery, and much of it carries royal cyphers. This was followed by the "rustic" pottery of
2799:
Jacobsen 47. French exports of prints were mainly restricted to Spain and Portugal, although Vasari in Florence was aware of later prints of the decor at Fontainebleau.
2607:
1221:. From these and works in their own medium, goldsmiths, frame and furniture makers, and workers in many other crafts developed the vocabulary of Mannerist ornament.
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2095:
1812:
1718:, which also relied heavily on stuccoes, and was decorated from about 1541. But Henry died before it was completed and a decade later it was sold by his daughter
1633:, were a propaganda exercise on behalf of the Valois monarchy, emphasizing its courtly splendour at the time of its threatened destruction through civil war.
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2860:
617:
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ornament is discussed. See Smyth, and especially its Introduction by Cropper for an account of the differing ways the term has been used by art historians.
353:
140:
was more thoroughly influenced by Italian art of the High Renaissance, and aspects of Mannerism, and many of its leading exponents had travelled to Italy.
1437:
569:
surround Minerva. The propaganda message is that the empire is safe with Rudolf at the helm so that the arts and trade can flourish. The Flemish sculptor
3459:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on and examples of Northern Mannerism
2633:
2622:
2756:
Iter Polono-Belgo-Ollandicum: cultural and literary relationships between the Commonwealth of Poland and the Netherlands in the 16th and 17th centuries
963:
painting, usually mostly of flowers and insects, also emerged as a genre during the period, re-purposing the inherited tradition of late Netherlandish
587:
were essential to disseminate the style to Europe, Germany and the Low Countries in particular, and some printmakers, like the greatest of the period,
327:
3114:
1543:
Northern Europe in the 16th century, and especially those areas where Mannerism was at its strongest, was affected by massive upheavals including the
124:, and different syntheses of this and Italian styles were made in the first decades of the 16th century by more internationally aware artists such as
71:
across northern Europe, spread in large part through prints. In painting, it tended to recede rapidly in the new century, under the new influence of
2295:
3975:
1236:, were some of the most extreme application of the style to architectural ornament. The Northern Mannerist style was especially influential in the
443:
3484:
1795:. Unusually, his subjects were mainly religious, and though the costumes are often extravagant, suggest intense religious feelings on his part.
890:
For painters in the Low Countries there was also the alternative of traditional Northern realist styles, which had continued to develop through
3418:
1125:
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of de Vos, for example, "a tempered Mannerism is combined with a preference for narrative that is more in line with Netherlandish tradition".
1385:
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2871:
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741:
331:
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527:
was to prove an even better patron than his father would have been, and Spranger never left his service. The court soon transferred to
5883:
1787:, though he was also a painter. His style derives from Netherlandish Mannerism, though his technique from Italian etchers, especially
1082:, leading to a reaction against the more extreme virtuosities of Mannerism and to a clearer, more monumental style akin to the Italian
1356:
style, found natural vehicles in the work of goldsmiths, set off by gems and coloured enamels, in which the misshaped pearls we call "
6605:
3066:
2546:
1070:, an Antwerp club for artists who had visited Rome. They were more conscious of recent trends in Italian art, and the emergence of
1268:
909:
Landscape painting was recognised as a Netherlandish speciality in Italy, where several Northern landscapists were based, such as
2208:
1109:
945:
2385:
2006:
902:
certainly cannot be called a Mannerist, but just as his paintings were keenly collected by Rudolf, Mannerist artists, including
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3454:
3303:
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The same had not been true for the printmaking at Fontainebleau, and the prints made there (unusually for the period, all in
2604:
1671:), more Baroque than Mannerist, may involve his childhood memories of the killings (in fact only of the garrison) after the
1366:. Ewers and vases took fantastic shapes, as did standing cups with onyx or agate bowls, and elaborate saltcellars like the
836:
3745:
1397:", employing writhing and anti-architectural cartilaginous motifs was developed by the van Vianen family of silversmiths.
1340:
315:
adopted the style with enthusiasm around 1540, and many workshops produced highly detailed painting until about the 1580s.
4483:
4466:
3867:
3477:
1610:
1217:, so like the elaborate doorways and fireplaces of Mannerist architecture, ornament books for artists and craftsmen, and
163:
5452:
3812:
1523:. Like the Jamnitzers on occasion, Palissy made moulds from real small creatures and plants to apply to his creations.
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4371:
3044:
Jardine and Brotton, 128. The royal tournament grandstand for the 1565 summit between the French and Spanish courts at
1335:
1136:
1131:
1018:, were forced to specialize in portraiture; "artists travel along this road without delight", according to van Mander.
964:
670:
17:
3840:
3083:, other versions show the original details, some of which are now also showing through thin overpaint on the original.
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1139:(created in 1569) and a Golden Age of Poland. The first half of the 17th century is marked by strong activity of the
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in developing the pure and "close-up" forest landscape in his works from about 1600, which was taken up by his pupil
500:
226:, that, with their sinuous, elongated nudes, drew palpably upon the artistic principles of the Fontainebleau school.
1560:
990:
Karel van Mander is now remembered mainly as a writer on art rather than an artist. Though he endorsed the Italian
6580:
3857:
2213:
4605:
2857:
6025:
5498:
3789:
3705:
1760:
Though Northern Mannerism achieved a landscape style, portrait-painting remained without Northern equivalents of
1078:, would soon sweep over Flemish art. In religious works, Flemish artists were also subject to the decrees of the
1757:, but generally England was one of the countries least affected by the movement except in the area of ornament.
257:, and keen huntress herself. Her slim, long-legged and athletic figure "became fixed in the erotic imaginary".
237:
both followed in this tradition, producing an agitated version of the Mannerist aesthetic in the context of the
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5327:
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3806:
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were expressed in extreme legs turned to imitate stacked covered standing cups, and a proliferation of enlaced
149:
world apart to Northern patrons and artists, but enjoyed a reputation and prestige that could not be ignored.
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monarchs. But the other gods were not neglected; their conjunctions and transformations had significance in
581:'s figures was mediated through the works of the absent Giambologna, who represented the ideal of the style.
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457:
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1360:" might form human and animal torsos, both as jewellery for personal adornment and in objects made for the
141:
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shows tentative Late Mannerist influence, which also appears in some immigrant portrait painters, such as
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1609:(1562, Louvre), during the Wars of Religion, when massacres were a frequent occurrence, above all in the
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also worked for Rudolf and designed the triumphal arch for Rudolf II's formal entry into Vienna in 1576.
318:
Apart from the Palace of Fontainebleau itself, other important buildings decorated in the style were the
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Mannerist. The painting style is mostly found before about 1520, the architectural one after about 1540.
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Trevor-Roper, 98–101 on Rudolf, and Strong, Pt. 2, Chapter 3 on France, especially pp. 98–101, 112–113.
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2413:
1769:
1711:
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with extravagantly elongated necks and prominent breasts support a Burgundian cabinet of walnut in the
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his brother's death, he gradually evolved a more economical and realistic style, perhaps influenced by
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1832:
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and the early Baroque, but in architecture and the decorative arts, its influence was more sustained.
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Certain Mannerist works seem to echo the violence of the time, but dressed in classical clothing.
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By the time this painting was done Hans von Aachen was in Prague, after long periods in Italy and
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had travelled there; Van Veen, who had actually worked in Rudolf's Prague, was the founder of the
983:
with insects and attention to detail typical of his nature studies. This can be seen in his 1589
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433:, triangular salt, 1540s?, 6 7/8 in. (17.5 cm) high, with a (?) satyr, and (?) Venus at right
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2041:(1558–1617) – the leading engraver of the period, and later a painter in a less Mannerist style.
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The visual wit and sophistication of Mannerism in northern hands, which made it pre-eminently a
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and of a higher quality; produced from about 1540 to about 1580, they had a wider distribution.
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workshops of Brussels and Fontainebleau. Painterly compositions in Mannerist taste appeared in
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871:, once Wtewael's repertoire of styles was formed, he never changed it until his death in 1631.
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249:, goddess of the hunting that was the original function of Fontainebleau, and namesake of
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translated by Deke Dusinberre, Scott Wilson, and Rachel Zerner, Paris: Flammarion, 2003,
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1911:
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894:(d.1567) and other artists, and in the next century were to dominate the painting of the
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184:, where from 1530 several Florentine artists of quality were hired to decorate the royal
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Shield of Henry II of France, steel damascened in silver and gold, design attributed to
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had been spurred in emulation of Fontainebleau to import his own, rather less stellar,
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had been summoned from Rome, where he had made a successful career. Maximilian's son,
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panels in bronze, often gilded, were used in various settings, as on Rudolph's crown.
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were "cherished as Art produced by Nature". In the Netherlands a uniquely anamorphic "
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2709:
2272:
The term is also sometimes used in architecture to describe a different style, which
2178:(1591–c. 1550), court portraitist, also religious scenes, in Silesia and then Poland.
2169:
2163:
2074:
2068:
2026:
1836:
1792:
1719:
1618:
1605:
1453:
1445:
1400:
1373:
1317:
1282:
1225:
1214:
939:
918:
874:
868:
799:
705:
562:
472:
250:
246:
133:
4432:
3852:
3442:
1676:
less often chooses battle subjects than either the High Renaissance or the Baroque.
1097:
provided occasional opportunities for lavish public exhibitions of Mannerist style.
648:
his sculptures after their completion; for him it was only the forms that mattered.
125:
6531:
6477:
6435:
6138:
5931:
5569:
5476:
5354:
5067:
5050:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4916:
4862:
4585:
4530:
4427:
4395:
4366:
4245:
4238:
4233:
4206:
4068:
4063:
3740:
3501:
3080:
2409:
2186:
2172:(c. 1550–1599), German painter, best known for his book on architectural decoration
2157:
2108:
2038:
2032:
1987:
1981:
1951:
1807:
1780:
1696:
1672:
1449:
1428:
1389:
1175:
1140:
1113:
1093:
In Flanders, though not in the United Provinces, the mostly temporary displays for
1079:
1021:
995:
895:
826:
822:
751:
709:
592:
588:
323:
311:, with vessels covered in elaborately modelled relief animals and plants. Painted
189:
109:
104:
6259:
3172:
1691:
6452:
6309:
6284:
6234:
6158:
5983:
5973:
5868:
5853:
5833:
5716:
5626:
5589:
5574:
5322:
5229:
5171:
4993:
4988:
4745:
4714:
4666:
4356:
4287:
4272:
4100:
4078:
3999:
3947:
3937:
3909:
3862:
3845:
3769:
3710:
3700:
3639:
3448:
3246:
3118:
3021:
2879:
2875:
2864:
2637:
2626:
2615:
2611:
2553:
2392:
2373:
2151:
2056:
1993:
1975:
1963:
1577:
1531:
1520:
1457:
1405:
1394:
1313:
1148:
1015:
975:
934:
879:
859:
840:
729:
700:
682:
636:
534:
494:
381:
308:
30:
4336:
6514:
6482:
6430:
6378:
6361:
6351:
6279:
5941:
5818:
5788:
5685:
5673:
5547:
5481:
5413:
5280:
5176:
4879:
4575:
4515:
4456:
4320:
4250:
3957:
3879:
3796:
3649:
3394:
3252:
3221:
2416:
in New York. Another Veronese series, the four "Allegories of Love" now in the
2115:
2050:
1999:
1877:
1754:
1715:
1492:
1469:
1254:
1098:
1051:
1047:
922:
863:
774:
696:
601:
412:
312:
158:
129:
6095:
3964:
1526:
1039:
The Mannerist painters in the now permanently separated southern provinces of
906:
and Bruegel's son Jan, followed him in developing the landscape as a subject.
548:, 1591, "an astonishing makeover ... never looks as glamorous anywhere else".
108:
opposition to the classicism of the Italian Renaissance embodied above all by
6564:
6415:
6383:
6244:
6239:
6222:
6050:
6045:
6030:
6005:
5995:
5946:
5606:
5584:
5515:
5381:
5210:
5113:
5089:
5072:
5040:
5025:
4806:
4796:
4791:
4695:
4444:
4405:
4344:
4170:
4127:
3896:
3825:
3757:
3599:
3493:
3382:
Princes and Artists, Patronage and Ideology at Four Habsburg Courts 1517–1633
3343:
3308:
3242:
3141:
3049:
2926:
2921:
2904:
2140:
2131:
2125:
2062:
1935:
1930:
1905:
1894:
1735:
1728:
1630:
1614:
1599:
1591:
1485:
1357:
1274:
1237:
1094:
1063:
1059:
1032:
979:
926:
910:
416:
366:
234:
188:, with some French assistants being taken on. The most notable imports were
180:
France received a direct injection of Italian style in the form of the first
83:
5900:
5045:
4707:
2429:
Bull, 84. See also 385–386 for mythological subjects in Mannerism generally.
1101:
recorded the entries into Antwerp of French princes and Habsburg archdukes.
6494:
6447:
6403:
6393:
6356:
6326:
6289:
6264:
6254:
6217:
6060:
5843:
5711:
5435:
5364:
5161:
5084:
4835:
4786:
4690:
4671:
4639:
4536:
4476:
4471:
4216:
4036:
3874:
3732:
3715:
3675:
3670:
3624:
3562:
3238:
3160:
The Mirror of the Gods, How Renaissance Artists Rediscovered the Pagan Gods
2160:(1507/8–1585), and his son Hans II and grandson Christof, German goldsmiths
1990:(1507/8–1585), and his son Hans II and grandson Christof, German goldsmiths
1765:
1750:
1556:
1362:
1003:
6489:
4350:
2363:
The Mercurial Emperor: The Magic Circle of Rudolf II in Renaissance Prague
2340:
Trevor-Roper, 87–104, quote attributed to "his indignant family" on p. 122
781:, a typical subject, 1622. Rudolf also had large menageries, including a
6410:
6373:
6314:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6128:
6123:
6065:
5968:
5905:
5858:
5798:
5768:
5690:
5532:
5370:
5359:
5332:
5302:
5166:
5140:
5057:
4978:
4966:
4921:
4911:
4906:
4884:
4845:
4681:
4656:
4541:
4503:
4410:
4378:
4330:
4058:
3986:
3779:
3720:
3634:
3572:
3532:
2083:(1527–c. 1607), architect, ornament designer, who wrote on garden design.
1945:
1864:
1724:
1668:
1516:
1353:
1218:
644:
584:
512:
511:
and artistic tastes, and patronised a number of artists, mostly famously
339:
242:
96:
2728:
604:. The Emperor's influence affected art in other German courts, notably
6457:
6269:
6229:
6175:
6143:
6035:
5873:
5828:
5721:
5527:
5337:
5205:
4926:
4728:
4520:
4361:
4149:
3915:
3820:
3784:
3774:
3752:
3567:
3557:
3545:
3497:
3360:
2901:
The History of Decorative Arts: The Renaissance and Mannerism in Europe
2189:(c. 1575–1616), court painter of Lorraine, whose work only survives in
2154:(1552–1615) – German, mythological subjects and portraits for Rudolf II
1344:
Impractical cup in form of a seahorse (presumably the head comes off),
1233:
960:
953:
848:
815:
624:
mythological works, evidently reflecting Rudolf's "special interests".
597:
335:
245:
of figurative works was mostly mythological, with a strong emphasis on
121:
72:
3408:, New Haven (CT): Yale University Press/Pelican History of Art, 1998,
3126:
3048:
had been hung with this gold-and-silk tapestry, which illustrated the
2349:
Bull, 355, who says she usually wore "a long robe and unwieldy armour"
1495:. This ornamental vocabulary was expressed in the North less in such
1472:
too, adapting their compositions and ornamented borders from prints.
6519:
6509:
6472:
6304:
6294:
6274:
6100:
6070:
5803:
5726:
5145:
4931:
4768:
4525:
4226:
4175:
4073:
3884:
3690:
3661:
3451:, An article by Peter Kren, with information on mannerist decoration.
2940:
2121:
1954:(1556–1626), Dutch sculptor, pupil of Giambologna, who went to Prague
1742:
made use of ornament derived from the books of Wendel Dietterlin and
1572:
1481:
1441:
1414:
1199:
1167:
914:
613:
461:
284:
59:
3492:
1966:(1552–1615) – German, mythological subjects and portraits for Rudolf
1934:
Landscape (oil on canvas, 63.5 x 87 cm, Musée Fesch), attributed to
1583:
1580:
and a high proportion of the masters of Limoges enamel workshops.
1117:
276:
Much of the most important work at Fontainebleau was in the form of
6499:
6420:
6368:
6299:
6212:
6133:
6085:
5951:
5936:
5793:
5731:
5663:
5557:
5542:
5216:
5130:
5120:
5108:
4852:
4315:
4012:
3952:
3125:, 2002, Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte,
2322:
2143:(1556–1629), painter and draughtsman active in Antwerp and Brussels
2090:
1761:
1613:
of 1572, six years after the painting. According to art historian
1571:, by the end of the century Mannerism had become associated by the
1500:
1473:
1465:
1043:
1040:
632:
631:, identified with the emperor, as he had earlier been with earlier
628:
578:
88:
43:
39:
2681:
5838:
5641:
5579:
5396:
5295:
5035:
4762:
4595:
4201:
3801:
3685:
3045:
2190:
2166:(1564–1625) landscapist from Munich, spent several years in Italy
1799:
1788:
1784:
1568:
1477:
1461:
1432:
1368:
1345:
1195:
1188:
1087:
1074:
style, which in the hands of Van Veen's pupil from 1594 to 1598,
1071:
1055:
770:
747:
609:
543:
291:
and others—Rosso seems to have been the originator of the style.
113:
4757:
1914:, family of architects; Jacques I introducing Mannerist ornament
1847:
French artists influenced by the first School of Fontainebleau:
1413:
involuntary kind that sometimes comes from listening to music".
6462:
6321:
5813:
5743:
5312:
5224:
5079:
4310:
2945:
Furniture History: the Journal of the Furniture History Society
2478:
1821:
1496:
1424:
1418:
1297:
1075:
999:
605:
528:
504:
343:
280:
277:
269:
2987:
The theme of Strong's book, see especially pp. 77, 85–7, 171–3
1746:
within a distinctive overall style derived from many sources.
4546:
2100:
1817:
804:
566:
330:
promoted the Mannerist style, except in portraiture, and her
103:
The sophisticated art of Italian Mannerism begins during the
3148:, 1957, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999 edition,
2777:
2775:
2118:– worked mostly in Italy, in a largely Italian style, as did
1538:
1376:, the apex of Mannerist goldsmithing, completed in 1543 for
591:, worked from drawings sent from Prague, while others, like
264:
132:
and others in Germany, and the misleadingly named school of
6398:
5200:
3330:
2939:
An extravagant example: Anthony Wells-Cole, "An oak bed at
2828:
Virtuoso Goldsmiths and the Triumph of Mannerism, 1540–1620
2029:, (1510–1555/60), landscape artist, earlier than the others
1727:, for example in the grand but unsophisticated stuccoes at
1178:(1603), based on a drawing (frame) and painted portrait by
1163:
782:
136:, in fact unrelated to, and preceding, Italian Mannerism.
63:
3079:
Shawe-Taylor, 88–91. Rudolf's prime version is now in the
2640:
shows the limitations of such propaganda to affect events.
2574:
Shawe-Taylor, 22–23, 32–33 on portraits, quotation from 33
1058:, though selling much of his work back to Flanders. Both
6389:
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
3456:
Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures
2772:
2035:– now best known as a biographer of Netherlandish artists
1775:
One of the last flowerings of Northern Mannerism came in
1046:
in fact were less influenced by Prague than those in the
3179:
translated by Deke Dusinberre, Paris: Flammarion, 1995,
2096:
Feast of Herod with the Beheading of St John the Baptist
1813:
Feast of Herod with the Beheading of St John the Baptist
3423:
Renaissance Art in France. The Invention of Classicism,
3248:
Global Interests: Renaissance Art Between East And West
1783:(c.1575–1616) is now known only from his extraordinary
878:
A less typical, but forward-looking, pure landscape by
3208:
Jacques Bellange, C. 1575–1616, Printmaker of Lorraine
2686:(in Polish). Wydawnictwo Literackie. pp. 44, 346.
2547:
Joris Hoefnagel, Amoris Monumentum Matri Chariss(imae)
1151:) in 1658. See below for the German-Silesian painter
2839:
See MMA external link for an example of Wenzel's work
2729:
François Penz; Gregory Radick; Robert Howell (2004).
192:(Giovanni Battista di Jacopo di Gaspare, 1494–1540),
3267:
Artists, Alchemists and Mannerists in Courtly Prague
2696:
1960:(1546–1611) – Flemish painter, Rudolf's main painter
1158:
1841:Landscape with St John Preaching in the Wilderness
1530:"Rustic" glazed earthenware platter attributed to
1232:of 1593–94, produced in the relative backwater of
322:(1547–52) for Diane de Poitiers, and parts of the
2510:Slive 179–180, and Shawe-Taylor and Scott, 29–32.
1444:covered plane surfaces. Following the success of
334:were the only regular northern ones to rival the
6562:
3445:Prague during the Rule of Rudolph II (1583–1612)
3401:, "Prologue" pp. 27–43, 1945, Faber, London
2753:
2684:Historia sztuki polskiej (History of Polish art)
1480:of fruit inspired by rediscovered Ancient Roman
1147:, which led to banishing of progressive Arians (
651:
120:hardly be found. The prevailing style remained
3298:, Royal Collection Publications, London, 2008,
3068:The Last Judgement, by Jean Cousin the Younger.
1948:(1529–1608), Flemish sculptor based in Florence
1926:(c. 1561–1602), second School of Fontainebleau:
3365:Art and Power; Renaissance Festivals 1450–1650
3296:Bruegel to Rubens, Masters of Flemish Painting
2677:
2675:
1996:, especially for miniatures of natural history
1126:Mannerist architecture and sculpture in Poland
3478:
2682:Tadeusz Dobrowolski; Helena BlumĂłwna (1965).
2488:
2486:
1050:. They had more easy access to Italy, where
565:, another Roman goddess of war, and the nine
395:"Design for a Vessel Presented to Henry II",
233:, most of whose works have not survived, and
3443:Metropolitan Museum, Timeline of Art History
3228:, 1994, p. 470; Grunwald Center, UCLA,
3220:Jacobsen, Karen, ed. (often wrongly cat. as
2077:(1566–1651), in the early part of his career
1972:(1564–1609) – Swiss pupil of Hans von Aachen
328:Catherine de' Medici's patronage of the arts
2995:
2993:
2733:. Cambridge University Press. p. 137.
2672:
2456:Trevor-Roper, 116–121, and Metzler, 130 ff
2420:, was probably also commissioned by Rudolf.
1820:. From 1634 he retreated to the safety of
1768:, unless the remarkable but somewhat naive
1563:and Protestant views on religious imagery.
1240:built in England by Elizabethan courtiers.
843:'s elaborate allegory presents itself as a
218:, for example, produced paintings, such as
3485:
3471:
2483:
833:was matched by artists in other cities.
814:before moving on to a style influenced by
503:(reigned 1564–1576), who made his base in
3146:Art and Architecture in France: 1500–1700
2002:, landscapes with animals and still-lifes
1539:Northern Mannerism, politics and religion
1404:Detail of Rudolf's Imperial crown, gold,
1329:
438:
2990:
2702:Mitteleuropa: between Europe and Germany
2089:
2005:
1929:
1831:
1690:
1679:Another subject popularized by Brughel,
1643:
1582:
1525:
1399:
1339:
1162:
1108:
1020:
944:
873:
835:
794:
790:
533:
478:
442:
263:
261:Italian artists working in the North.
162:
82:
29:
3406:Flemish Art and Architecture, 1585–1700
3206:Anthony Griffiths & Craig Hartley,
3177:French Art: The Renaissance, 1430–1620,
3031:
3029:
2209:Renaissance humanism in Northern Europe
2107:'s masterpiece, and an allegory of the
1002:and other Italian theorists (above all
14:
6563:
6166:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art
2591:
2589:
1681:Saint John Preaching in the Wilderness
1621:, which hark back to the triumphalist
62:found in the visual arts north of the
4186:Art of the late 16th century in Milan
3466:
3384:, Thames & Hudson, London, 1976,
3129:. See article for further references.
2643:
2248:Printed Furniture Designs Before 1650
985:Amoris Monumentum Matri Chariss(imae)
3026:
2943:: a study in mannerist decoration,"
2758:. Księgarnia Akademicka. p. 8.
2586:
2352:
1874:–after 1572) sculptor and architect
1224:The pattern illustrations shown in
1104:
303:. The mysterious and sophisticated
24:
5521:Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
4372:Neoclassical architecture in Milan
2731:Space: in science, art and society
2614:from a fully online book of 1594.
2365:, Random House, 28 November 2013,
1712:team of Italian and French artists
1336:Elizabethan and Jacobean furniture
717:, 1601, 21 x 16 cm on copper.
671:Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus
415:, mid-16th century, attributed to
25:
6622:
5595:American Figurative Expressionism
3931:International Gothic art in Italy
3436:
3273:, Museum Tusculanum Press, 2006,
2920:Ebony-work was so prominent that
2890:Shearman, 88–89, quote from p. 89
1901:The continuing French tradition:
1686:
1484:ornament, first displayed in the
1159:Dissemination in prints and books
1155:, Polish court artist from 1639.
501:Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
360:Monument containing the heart of
6606:Renaissance in the Low Countries
6545:
6544:
5104:Neue KĂĽnstlervereinigung MĂĽnchen
3226:The French Renaissance in Prints
3121:, from the exhibition catalogue
2438:Trevor-Roper, 116–121, quote 120
2395:at The J. Paul Getty Museum site
2246:See, for example, Simon Jervis,
2214:Renaissance in the Low Countries
2128:Bril, mostly painting landscapes
1810:, in works such as his enormous
1611:Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre
1588:Augustus and the Tiburtine Sibyl
1306:
1289:
1267:
1245:
1116:tomb, by Willem van den Blocke,
1054:lived from the age of twenty in
998:at the top, he was readier than
763:
740:
733:, Allegory of Peace and the Arts
722:
689:
658:
464:, the Roman God of the seasons,
423:
404:
388:
373:
352:
6026:Tunisian collaborative painting
5499:International Typographic Style
3104:
3095:
3086:
3073:
3059:
3038:
3010:Massacres Under the Triumvirate
3002:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2933:
2914:
2893:
2884:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2784:
2747:
2722:
2690:
2598:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2471:
2462:
2450:
2441:
2432:
2423:
2398:
2379:
2343:
1602:painted the unusual subject of
1561:attempt to control Catholic art
898:. Despite his visit to Italy,
555:Minerva triumphs over Ignorance
67:original and distinctive work.
5779:The Caribbean Artists Movement
3210:, British Museum Press, 1997,
3123:1648 – War and Peace in Europe
2565:Shawe-Taylor, 24–25, and 29–30
2334:
2311:
2302:
2288:
2279:
2266:
2257:
2240:
2230:
1978:, Dutch silversmith and artist
1137:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
987:(ex-Nicolaas Teeuwisse 2008).
272:, 2nd half of the 16th century
268:French or Burgundian table in
13:
1:
4135:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance
3135:
1881:
1868:
1855:
675:
652:Influence of Prague elsewhere
525:Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
487:
484:Portrait of Emperor Rudolf II
465:
458:Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
208:
197:
78:
6250:Modern European ink painting
5622:Bay Area Figurative Movement
3194:Painting in Italy, 1500–1600
2924:in Paris began to be called
2328:Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time
1637:'s only surviving painting,
1491:, were disseminated through
1380:and later given to Rudolf's
99:, who painted the oval inset
7:
5911:Artificial intelligence art
3449:Arms, Armour, and Fine Arts
3367:, 1984, The Boydell Press;
2960:Trevor-Roper, picture p. 88
2657:(in Polish). Archived from
2197:
1701:The Three Marys at the Tomb
1464:in Mannerist style for the
1460:were called upon to design
10:
6627:
5824:Post-painterly abstraction
5647:Situationist International
5021:Pennsylvania Impressionism
3110:Harosimowicz, Jan (2002),
2704:. Berghahn Books. p.
2414:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2053:Dutch, (c. 1540/1550-1620)
1827:
1770:Portraiture of Elizabeth I
1734:Some (but not all) of the
1452:, Mannerist painters like
1333:
1259:. Sadeler engraving after
1130:Mannerism was dominant in
1123:
847:with virtuoso passages of
627:The dominating figure was
156:
6540:
6344:
6109:
5919:
5699:
5491:
5475:
5407:California Scene Painting
5286:California Scene Painting
5242:Figurative Constructivism
5154:
4959:
4738:
4727:
4557:
4494:
4387:
4303:
4293:Poussinists and Rubenists
4194:
3998:
3731:
3531:
3522:
3509:
3350:, 1967, Pelican, London,
3313:Dutch Painting, 1600–1800
2781:Griffiths and Hartley, 38
2754:Andrzej Borowski (2007).
2620:Another example from 1582
2252:Furniture History Society
2103:; almost 10 metres wide,
1749:The portrait miniaturist
1664:Massacre of the Innocents
1654:Massacre of the Innocents
785:, seen in many paintings.
641:Renaissance Neo-Platonism
152:
6505:Prehistoric European art
6154:Contemporary African art
5637:Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai
5565:GeneraciĂłn de la Ruptura
5192:Universal Constructivism
4984:California Impressionism
4939:American Barbizon school
2418:National Gallery, London
2404:Now divided between the
2224:
1920:(ca. 1522–1595), painter
1908:(c. 1537–1590), sculptor
1740:Elizabethan architecture
1625:tapestries designed for
1408:and jewels. Prague, 1602
892:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
559:Kunsthistorisches Museum
6581:Art movements in Europe
6332:Walking Artists Network
5669:Letterist International
5509:Washington Color School
4423:Arts in the Philippines
3196:, 3rd edn. 1993, Yale,
2867:, "Paulus van Vianen",
2605:Sample illustrated page
2552:5 December 2014 at the
1970:Joseph Heintz the Elder
1918:Jean Cousin the Younger
1891:) – sculptor and etcher
1798:Even later, the German-
1779:, whose court painter
1772:is considered as such.
1661:Cornelis van Haarlem's
1635:Jean Cousin the Younger
1553:French Wars of Religion
1486:Raphael school Vatican
666:Bacchus, Ceres and Amor
546:triumphs over Ignorance
456:, a portrait depicting
253:, mistress and muse of
239:French Wars of Religion
186:Palace of Fontainebleau
182:School of Fontainebleau
174:School of Fontainebleau
95:, probably designed by
6443:Illuminated manuscript
6091:The Designers Republic
6041:Neue Slowenische Kunst
5964:Pattern and Decoration
5864:Institutional critique
5504:Abstract expressionism
4484:Latin American Baroque
4440:Colonial Asian Baroque
3269:, Wamberg, Jacob, ed:
2655:matrix.jasna.tarnow.pl
2111:
2081:Hans Vredeman de Vries
2019:
2012:The Fall of the Titans
1938:
1844:
1744:Hans Vredeman de Vries
1704:
1658:
1595:
1545:Protestant Reformation
1535:
1505:illuminated manuscript
1409:
1349:
1330:In the decorative arts
1183:
1121:
1036:
969:Jan Brueghel the Elder
957:
887:
852:
810:
549:
497:
476:
439:Prague under Rudolf II
273:
177:
142:Netherlandish painting
100:
52:
6081:Artist-run initiative
6056:Young British Artists
6021:New European Painting
5957:Moscow Conceptualists
5879:Feminist art movement
5657:Ukrainian underground
5632:Gutai Art Association
5031:Ten American Painters
4535:Western influence in
3512:List of art movements
3327:Mannerism and Maniera
3294:and Scott, Jennifer,
3292:Shawe-Taylor, Desmond
2556:at Nicolaas Teeuwisse
2219:Renaissance in Poland
2093:
2071:– mainly a printmaker
2065:– mainly a printmaker
2009:
1984:– mainly a printmaker
1958:Bartholomeus Spranger
1933:
1852:Jean Cousin the Elder
1835:
1708:Henry VIII of England
1694:
1647:
1586:
1529:
1403:
1343:
1261:Bartholomeus Spranger
1180:Bartholomeus Spranger
1166:
1112:
1024:
948:
877:
839:
807:mourning her children
798:
791:Netherlands Mannerism
539:Bartholomeus Spranger
537:
521:Bartholomeus Spranger
482:
446:
397:Jean Cousin the Elder
267:
216:Jean Cousin the Elder
194:Francesco Primaticcio
166:
86:
35:Bartholomeus Spranger
33:
6596:German art movements
6586:French art movements
6576:Northern Renaissance
5891:Saqqakhaneh movement
5784:Chicano art movement
5652:Soviet Nonconformist
5458:Boston Expressionism
5441:Abstraction-Création
5259:Arbeitsrat fĂĽr Kunst
5252:Cologne Progressives
4972:Art Nouveau in Milan
4775:Anglo-Japanese style
4751:National romanticism
4181:Fontainebleau School
4091:Northern Renaissance
3926:International Gothic
3190:Freedberg, Sydney J.
2930:in the 17th century.
2698:Peter J. Katzenstein
2651:"Pomnik Ostrogskich"
2447:Bull, 117 and 133-34
2204:Northern Renaissance
2176:Bartholomeus Strobel
2105:Bartholomeus Strobel
2045:Cornelis van Haarlem
2022:In the Netherlands:
2017:Cornelis van Haarlem
1941:Working for Rudolf:
1804:Bartholomeus Strobel
1649:Cornelis van Haarlem
1604:Massacres under the
1512:Saint-Porchaire ware
1153:Bartholomeus Strobel
950:Ambrosius Bosschaert
904:Gillis van Coninxloo
831:Cornelis van Haarlem
431:Saint-Porchaire ware
305:Saint-Porchaire ware
6426:Hierarchy of genres
5991:Saint Soleil School
5927:Post-conceptual art
5896:The Stars Art Group
5774:Black Arts Movement
5737:Neo-Dada Organizers
5538:Lyrical abstraction
5271:Australian tonalism
4944:California Tonalism
4616:Hudson River School
4419:Colonial Asian art
4159:English Renaissance
4108:Ghent–Bruges school
4096:Early Netherlandish
4008:Italian Renaissance
3921:Gothic art in Milan
3325:Smyth, Craig Hugh,
3162:, Oxford UP, 2005,
2583:Shawe-Taylor, 37–40
2537:Shawe-Taylor, 21–23
2412:(with two) and the
2321:was presented with
2319:Francis I of France
1912:Androuet du Cerceau
1714:to work on his new
1549:Counter-Reformation
1446:Brussels tapestries
1145:Counter-Reformation
992:hierarchy of genres
618:Johann Kellerthaler
517:Giuseppe Arcimboldo
454:Giuseppe Arcimboldo
289:Androuet du Cerceau
205:Niccolò dell'Abbate
6611:Polish Renaissance
6601:German Renaissance
6591:French Renaissance
6468:Landscape painting
6076:New Leipzig School
6016:Neo-conceptual art
5764:Art & Language
5759:Capitalist realism
5681:Florida Highwaymen
5617:Hard-edge painting
5431:Streamline Moderne
5392:Harlem Renaissance
5235:Novecento Italiano
5063:Deutscher Werkbund
4890:Post-Impressionism
4452:Latin American art
4256:Guild of Romanists
4118:German Renaissance
4113:Northern Mannerism
3378:Trevor-Roper, Hugh
3117:2021-04-24 at the
3020:2021-04-15 at the
2874:2007-11-21 at the
2863:2016-04-25 at the
2636:2011-09-29 at the
2625:2008-05-07 at the
2610:2007-06-11 at the
2408:in Cambridge, the
2406:Fitzwilliam Museum
2391:2019-07-30 at the
2372:2023-01-01 at the
2297:Eva Prima Pandora.
2136:Guild of Romanists
2112:
2020:
1939:
1924:Toussaint Dubreuil
1845:
1705:
1659:
1639:The Last Judgement
1596:
1536:
1438:Jacobean furniture
1410:
1350:
1215:book frontispieces
1184:
1135:Golden Age of the
1122:
1068:Guild of Romanists
1037:
1028:Seven Liberal Arts
958:
931:Albrecht Altdorfer
917:, and the Germans
888:
853:
811:
550:
498:
477:
411:Detail of dish in
362:Henry II of France
274:
178:
169:Diana the Huntress
101:
56:Northern Mannerism
53:
18:Northern Mannerist
6558:
6557:
6340:
6339:
6196:Corporate Memphis
6149:Classical Realism
6119:Amazonian pop art
6011:Appropriation art
5979:Neo-expressionism
5849:Environmental art
5754:Nouvelle tendance
5471:
5470:
5419:Socialist realism
5276:Dresden Secession
4895:Neo-Impressionism
4858:Decadent movement
4829:Heidelberg School
4723:
4722:
4621:American luminism
4606:DĂĽsseldorf School
4601:Shoreham Ancients
4591:Nazarene movement
4581:Danish Golden Age
4462:Indochristian art
4140:Antwerp Mannerism
4029:Pittura infamante
4023:Florentine School
4018:Proto-Renaissance
3304:978-1-905686-00-1
3287:978-87-635-0267-2
3271:Art & alchemy
2969:Shearman, 168–170
2899:Gruber, A., ed.,
2817:Shearman, 121–122
2765:978-83-7188-951-6
2468:Shearman, 162–163
2294:Chastel, 219–20.
2170:Wendel Dietterlin
2164:Hans Rottenhammer
2134:, founder of the
2075:Abraham Bloemaert
2069:Jacob de Gheyn II
2027:Herri met de Bles
1837:Abraham Bloemaert
1824:as court artist.
1793:Ventura Salimbeni
1623:History of Scipio
1619:Valois Tapestries
1454:Bernard van Orley
1431:, New York; soon
1374:Benvenuto Cellini
1318:Wendel Dietterlin
1283:Hendrick Goltzius
1226:Wendel Dietterlin
940:Annibale Carracci
919:Hans Rottenhammer
869:Abraham Bloemaert
862:, who settled in
800:Abraham Bloemaert
473:Skokloster Castle
332:court festivities
251:Diane de Poitiers
220:Eva Prima Pandora
134:Antwerp Mannerism
16:(Redirected from
6618:
6548:
6547:
6532:Western painting
6478:Modern sculpture
6436:History painting
6139:Art intervention
5932:Installation art
5749:Nouveau réalisme
5489:
5488:
5463:Leningrad School
5355:Mexican muralism
5328:Grosvenor School
5068:American Realism
5051:Der Blaue Reiter
5009:Berlin Secession
5004:Vienna Secession
4999:Munich Secession
4917:Pont-Aven School
4736:
4735:
4586:Troubadour style
4564:(c. 1770 – 1862)
4531:Qing handicrafts
4497:Western elements
4428:Letras y figuras
4401:African-American
4396:African diaspora
4367:Directoire style
4278:Heptanese school
4261:Dutch Golden Age
4246:Stroganov School
4239:Lutheran Baroque
4234:Louis XIII style
4207:Baroque in Milan
4069:Bolognese School
4064:High Renaissance
4047:Forlivese School
4042:Ferrarese School
3765:Migration Period
3529:
3528:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3315:, Yale UP, 1995,
3265:Metzler, Sally,
3130:
3108:
3102:
3101:Griffiths, 36–39
3099:
3093:
3090:
3084:
3081:Royal Collection
3077:
3071:
3063:
3057:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3024:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2988:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2937:
2931:
2918:
2912:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2831:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2647:
2641:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2421:
2410:Frick Collection
2402:
2396:
2383:
2377:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2277:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2255:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2187:Jacques Bellange
2158:Wenzel Jamnitzer
2109:Thirty Years War
2039:Hendrik Goltzius
2033:Karel van Mander
1988:Wenzel Jamnitzer
1982:Aegidius Sadeler
1952:Adriaen de Vries
1890:
1886:
1883:
1873:
1870:
1860:
1857:
1808:Thirty Years War
1781:Jacques Bellange
1697:Jacques Bellange
1673:Siege of Haarlem
1450:Raphael Cartoons
1448:woven after the
1429:Frick Collection
1390:Wenzel Jamnitzer
1310:
1293:
1271:
1249:
1176:Aegidius Sadeler
1132:Poland–Lithuania
1105:Poland–Lithuania
1080:Council of Trent
1048:United Provinces
996:history painting
896:Dutch Golden Age
884:Forest with deer
827:Karel van Mander
823:Hendrik Goltzius
767:
752:Karel van Mander
744:
726:
693:
680:
677:
662:
593:Aegidius Sadeler
589:Hendrik Goltzius
492:
489:
470:
467:
427:
408:
392:
377:
356:
324:Palais du Louvre
231:Jean the Younger
213:
210:
202:
199:
190:Rosso Fiorentino
112:in Florence and
110:Andrea del Sarto
105:High Renaissance
21:
6626:
6625:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6561:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6536:
6453:Interactive art
6336:
6310:SoFlo Superflat
6235:Kitsch movement
6159:Africanfuturism
6111:
6105:
5984:Transavantgarde
5915:
5869:Light and Space
5854:Performance art
5834:Psychedelic art
5717:Nueva Presencia
5707:Otra FiguraciĂłn
5695:
5627:Les Plasticiens
5612:New York School
5590:Action painting
5575:Metcalf Chateau
5484:
5479:
5467:
5387:Cercle et Carré
5323:New Objectivity
5230:Return to order
5172:School of Paris
5150:
4994:School of Paris
4955:
4841:Arts and Crafts
4746:Neo-romanticism
4731:
4719:
4715:Etching revival
4667:Barbizon school
4611:Pre-Raphaelites
4563:
4560:
4553:
4496:
4490:
4383:
4357:Louis XVI style
4299:
4288:Louis XIV style
4251:Animal painting
4212:Flemish Baroque
4190:
4101:World landscape
4052:Venetian School
3994:
3981:Majorcan school
3948:Novgorod School
3938:Lucchese School
3910:Opus Anglicanum
3902:Norman-Sicilian
3846:Italo-Byzantine
3746:Early Christian
3727:
3711:Pompeian Styles
3524:
3518:
3505:
3491:
3439:
3395:Wilenski, R. H.
3138:
3133:
3119:Wayback Machine
3109:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3060:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3027:
3022:Wayback Machine
3007:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2938:
2934:
2919:
2915:
2909:Abbeville Press
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2880:Waddesdon Manor
2876:Wayback Machine
2865:Wayback Machine
2856:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2695:
2691:
2680:
2673:
2664:
2662:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2638:Wayback Machine
2627:Wayback Machine
2616:British Library
2612:Wayback Machine
2603:
2599:
2594:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2554:Wayback Machine
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2403:
2399:
2393:Wayback Machine
2384:
2380:
2374:Wayback Machine
2357:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2289:
2285:Shearman, 22–24
2284:
2280:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2200:
2152:Hans von Aachen
2057:Joachim Wtewael
2015:(1588–1590) by
1994:Joris Hoefnagel
1976:Paul van Vianen
1964:Hans von Aachen
1888:
1884:
1871:
1858:
1830:
1689:
1578:Bernard Palissy
1541:
1532:Bernard Palissy
1521:Bernard Palissy
1493:ornament prints
1470:Limoges enamels
1458:Perino del Vaga
1425:Female sphinxes
1395:auricular style
1386:great collector
1338:
1332:
1325:
1314:Composite order
1311:
1302:
1294:
1285:
1279:Venus and Cupid
1272:
1263:
1250:
1161:
1149:Polish Brethren
1128:
1120:Cathedral, 1612
1107:
1016:Cornelius Ketel
976:Joris Hoefnagel
935:Roelandt Savery
880:Roelandt Savery
860:Joachim Wtewael
841:Joachim Wtewael
793:
786:
768:
759:
745:
736:
730:Hans von Aachen
727:
718:
701:Joachim Wtewael
694:
685:
683:Hans von Aachen
678:
663:
654:
495:Hans von Aachen
490:
468:
441:
434:
428:
419:
409:
400:
393:
384:
382:Etienne Delaune
378:
369:
357:
309:Bernard Palissy
211:
200:
161:
155:
81:
58:is the form of
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6624:
6614:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6529:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6486:
6485:
6483:Late modernism
6480:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6431:Genre painting
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6407:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6381:
6379:Ballets Russes
6376:
6371:
6366:
6365:
6364:
6362:Asemic writing
6354:
6352:History of art
6348:
6346:
6345:Related topics
6342:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6312:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6280:Relational art
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6226:
6225:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6203:Hypermodernism
6200:
6199:
6198:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6162:
6161:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6115:
6113:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5949:
5944:
5942:Postminimalism
5939:
5934:
5929:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5819:Generative art
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5789:Conceptual art
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5686:Cybernetic art
5683:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5674:Ultra-Lettrist
5671:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5548:Arte Informale
5545:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5501:
5495:
5493:
5486:
5485:(1945–present)
5473:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5433:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5414:Heroic realism
5411:
5410:
5409:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5348:Latin American
5345:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5318:Group of Seven
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5288:
5283:
5281:Social realism
5278:
5273:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5264:November Group
5256:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5227:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5187:Latin American
5182:Constructivism
5179:
5177:Crystal Cubism
5174:
5169:
5164:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5106:
5101:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4887:
4882:
4880:Volcano School
4877:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4838:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4742:
4740:
4733:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4674:
4669:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4642:
4637:
4635:Norwich School
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4576:Fairy painting
4567:
4565:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4500:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4467:Chilote School
4459:
4457:Casta painting
4449:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4433:Tipos del PaĂs
4430:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4403:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4321:Louis XV style
4318:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4214:
4209:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4123:Cologne School
4115:
4110:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4025:
4020:
4004:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3983:
3978:
3976:Italian school
3967:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3958:Sienese School
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3913:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3868:Pre-Romanesque
3865:
3860:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3804:
3799:
3797:Donor portrait
3794:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3737:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3706:Julio-Claudian
3703:
3698:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3655:Greco-Buddhist
3647:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3595:Protogeometric
3592:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3537:
3535:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3452:
3446:
3438:
3437:External links
3435:
3434:
3433:
3416:
3404:Hans Vlieghe,
3402:
3399:Dutch Painting
3392:
3375:
3358:
3344:Shearman, John
3341:
3323:
3309:Slive, Seymour
3306:
3289:
3263:
3253:Reaktion Books
3236:
3222:Georg Baselitz
3218:
3204:
3187:
3170:
3158:Malcolm Bull,
3156:
3142:Blunt, Anthony
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3072:
3065:Chastel, 252.
3058:
3037:
3025:
3001:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2932:
2922:cabinet-makers
2913:
2892:
2883:
2869:Van Vianem cup
2850:
2841:
2832:
2826:John Hayward,
2819:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2771:
2764:
2746:
2739:
2721:
2714:
2689:
2671:
2642:
2631:strange record
2597:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2482:
2470:
2461:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2397:
2378:
2351:
2342:
2333:
2317:In particular
2310:
2301:
2287:
2278:
2265:
2256:
2239:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2180:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2129:
2119:
2116:Denis Calvaert
2085:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2051:Hubert Gerhard
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2004:
2003:
2000:Roelant Savery
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1878:Juste de Juste
1875:
1862:
1829:
1826:
1755:William Scrots
1736:prodigy houses
1716:Nonsuch Palace
1688:
1687:Other outcrops
1685:
1540:
1537:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1255:Mary Magdalene
1251:
1244:
1238:prodigy houses
1160:
1157:
1124:Main article:
1106:
1103:
1099:Festival books
1084:maniera grande
1052:Denis Calvaert
923:Adam Elsheimer
792:
789:
788:
787:
779:Garden of Eden
775:Roelant Savery
769:
762:
760:
756:Garden of Love
746:
739:
737:
728:
721:
719:
695:
688:
686:
664:
657:
653:
650:
602:Paolo Veronese
440:
437:
436:
435:
429:
422:
420:
413:Limoges enamel
410:
403:
401:
394:
387:
385:
379:
372:
370:
358:
351:
320:Château d'Anet
313:Limoges enamel
159:Henry II style
154:
151:
130:Hans Burgkmair
126:Albrecht DĂĽrer
80:
77:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6623:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6551:
6543:
6542:
6539:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6416:Fantastic art
6414:
6412:
6409:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6384:Christian art
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6285:Skeuomorphism
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6245:Massurrealism
6243:
6241:
6240:Lightpainting
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6224:
6223:Post-Internet
6221:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6108:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6096:Grunge design
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6051:Retrofuturism
6049:
6047:
6046:Scratch video
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6031:Memphis Group
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6006:Telematic art
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5996:Guerrilla art
5994:
5992:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5947:Endurance art
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5918:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5607:New media art
5605:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5585:Nanyang Style
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5516:Visionary art
5514:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5478:
5474:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5382:Scuola Romana
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5308:Anthropophagy
5306:
5304:
5301:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5291:Functionalism
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5211:Neoplasticism
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5114:Cubo-Futurism
5112:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5073:Ashcan School
5071:
5070:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5041:Expressionism
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5026:Mir iskusstva
5024:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4812:Boston School
4810:
4808:
4807:Hoosier Group
4805:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4797:Impressionism
4795:
4793:
4792:Peredvizhniki
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4782:Beuron School
4780:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4696:Munich School
4694:
4693:
4692:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4495:Art borrowing
4493:
4485:
4482:
4478:
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4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
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4460:
4458:
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4450:
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4445:Company style
4443:
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4368:
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4363:
4360:
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4345:Neoclassicism
4343:
4339:
4338:
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4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
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4319:
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4314:
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4187:
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4171:Cretan School
4169:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4128:Danube school
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4099:
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4019:
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3997:
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3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:Orientalizing
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3590:Sub-Mycenaean
3588:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
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3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3504:art movements
3503:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3483:
3481:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3432:
3431:2-08-011144-2
3428:
3424:
3420:
3419:Zerner, Henri
3417:
3415:
3414:0-300-10469-3
3411:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3390:0-500-23232-6
3387:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3373:0-85115-200-7
3370:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:0-14-020808-9
3353:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3339:3-900731-33-0
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3321:0-300-07451-4
3318:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3279:87-635-0267-4
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3261:1-86189-166-0
3258:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3243:Jerry Brotton
3240:
3237:
3235:
3234:0-9628162-2-1
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3216:0-7141-2611-X
3213:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3202:0-300-05587-0
3199:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:2-08-013583-X
3182:
3178:
3174:
3173:André Chastel
3171:
3169:
3168:0-19-521923-6
3165:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3154:0-300-07748-3
3151:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3107:
3098:
3089:
3082:
3076:
3070:
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3055:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3032:
3030:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3005:
2996:
2994:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2929:
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2923:
2917:
2910:
2906:
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2896:
2887:
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2877:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2829:
2823:
2814:
2808:Shearman, 170
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2776:
2767:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2742:
2740:0-521-82376-5
2736:
2732:
2725:
2717:
2715:1-57181-124-9
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2685:
2678:
2676:
2661:on 2011-08-20
2660:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2592:
2590:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2534:
2528:Vlieghe, 177.
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2394:
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2382:
2375:
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2355:
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2329:
2324:
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2260:
2253:
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2243:
2233:
2229:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2141:Otto van Veen
2139:
2137:
2133:
2132:Marten de Vos
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:Jan Saenredam
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1936:Matthijs Bril
1932:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:Germain Pilon
1904:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1895:Antoine Caron
1893:
1879:
1876:
1866:
1863:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
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1801:
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1778:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1729:Hardwick Hall
1726:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1631:Giulio Romano
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1615:Anthony Blunt
1612:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1600:Antoine Caron
1593:
1592:Antoine Caron
1589:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
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1546:
1533:
1528:
1524:
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1518:
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1508:
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1471:
1467:
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1459:
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1439:
1434:
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1416:
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1375:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1323:
1319:
1316:columns from
1315:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:Jan Saenredam
1270:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1257:in the garden
1256:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1095:royal entries
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:Otto van Veen
1061:
1060:Marten de Vos
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1034:
1033:Marten de Vos
1030:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
986:
981:
980:court painter
977:
973:
970:
966:
962:
955:
951:
947:
943:
941:
936:
932:
928:
927:Danube School
924:
920:
916:
912:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
885:
881:
876:
872:
870:
865:
861:
857:
850:
846:
845:Kitchen Scene
842:
838:
834:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
808:
806:
801:
797:
784:
780:
776:
772:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
743:
738:
734:
731:
725:
720:
716:
715:
712:surprised by
711:
707:
702:
698:
692:
687:
684:
673:
672:
667:
661:
656:
655:
649:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
600:were sent by
599:
594:
590:
586:
582:
580:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
547:
545:
540:
536:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
496:
485:
481:
474:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:
445:
432:
426:
421:
418:
417:Jean de Court
414:
407:
402:
398:
391:
386:
383:
376:
371:
368:
367:Germain Pilon
364:
363:
355:
350:
349:
348:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
292:
290:
286:
282:
279:
271:
266:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:Antoine Caron
232:
229:Cousin's son
227:
225:
221:
217:
206:
195:
191:
187:
183:
175:
171:
170:
165:
160:
150:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
117:
115:
111:
106:
98:
94:
93:Fontainebleau
90:
85:
76:
74:
68:
65:
61:
57:
50:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
19:
6526:Trompe-l'Ĺ“il
6524:
6495:Outsider art
6448:Illustration
6404:Lutheran art
6394:Catholic art
6357:Abstract art
6327:Unilalianism
6290:Software art
6265:Neosymbolism
6255:Neo-futurism
6218:Internet art
6208:Hyperrealism
6061:Superfiction
5844:Photorealism
5712:Afrofuturism
5477:Contemporary
5453:Dimensionism
5436:Concrete art
5369:
5365:Precisionism
5215:
5162:Sosaku-hanga
5136:Productivism
5126:Metaphysical
5096:
5085:Proto-Cubism
4989:Secessionism
4951:Costumbrismo
4836:Aestheticism
4787:Hague School
4767:
4691:Academic art
4672:Costumbrismo
4640:Empire style
4477:Quito School
4472:Cusco School
4388:Colonial art
4349:
4337:FĂŞte galante
4335:
4304:18th century
4266:Delft School
4217:Caravaggisti
4195:17th century
4112:
4080:
4037:Quattrocento
4027:
3985:
3908:
3811:
3741:Late antique
3625:Severe style
3615:Black-figure
3502:Contemporary
3455:
3422:
3405:
3398:
3381:
3364:
3347:
3326:
3312:
3295:
3270:
3266:
3247:
3239:Lisa Jardine
3225:
3207:
3193:
3176:
3159:
3145:
3122:
3106:
3097:
3092:Shearman, 28
3088:
3075:
3067:
3061:
3040:
3009:
3004:
2983:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2948:
2944:
2935:
2925:
2916:
2900:
2895:
2886:
2853:
2844:
2835:
2827:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2790:Zerner, 125.
2786:
2755:
2749:
2730:
2724:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2663:. Retrieved
2659:the original
2654:
2645:
2600:
2595:Vlieghe, 13.
2579:
2570:
2561:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2501:Slive, 13–14
2497:
2473:
2464:
2458:Google books
2452:
2443:
2434:
2425:
2400:
2381:
2362:
2359:Marshall, P.
2354:
2345:
2336:
2326:
2313:
2304:
2296:
2290:
2281:
2273:
2268:
2263:Zerner, 124.
2259:
2247:
2242:
2232:
2181:
2146:
2099:, c. 1630s,
2094:
2086:
2021:
2010:
1940:
1900:
1846:
1840:
1811:
1797:
1774:
1766:Parmigianino
1759:
1751:Isaac Oliver
1748:
1733:
1706:
1700:
1680:
1678:
1662:
1660:
1652:
1638:
1622:
1603:
1597:
1587:
1565:
1557:Dutch Revolt
1542:
1519:platters of
1509:
1499:and more in
1487:
1476:, swags and
1423:
1417:, small low
1411:
1367:
1363:Wunderkammer
1361:
1351:
1322:Architectura
1321:
1296:
1278:
1252:
1230:Architectura
1229:
1223:
1219:emblem books
1211:
1204:
1193:
1185:
1129:
1092:
1083:
1038:
1025:
1004:Michelangelo
989:
984:
974:
959:
908:
889:
886:, 1608–1610.
883:
858:
854:
844:
820:
812:
803:
778:
755:
732:
704:
669:
665:
626:
622:
612:, where the
583:
575:
554:
551:
542:
499:
483:
447:
359:
317:
300:
296:
293:
275:
259:
228:
223:
219:
179:
167:
147:
118:
102:
69:
55:
54:
38:
27:Art movement
6411:Digital art
6374:Avant-garde
6315:Superstroke
6191:Flat design
6186:Fictive art
6181:Excessivism
6129:Art for art
6124:Altermodern
6066:Taring Padi
6001:Lowbrow art
5969:Pliontanism
5906:Yoru no Kai
5859:Process art
5799:Systems art
5769:Arte Povera
5691:Antipodeans
5600:in New York
5570:Jikken KĹŤbĹŤ
5533:Color field
5402:Regionalism
5371:Aeropittura
5360:Neo-Fauvism
5333:Neues Sehen
5303:Kinetic art
5167:Suprematism
5141:Synchromism
5058:Noucentisme
4979:Primitivism
4967:Art Nouveau
4922:Cloisonnism
4912:Pointillism
4907:Divisionism
4885:Incoherents
4846:Art pottery
4732:(1863–1944)
4682:Macchiaioli
4657:Biedermeier
4645:Historicism
4630:Orientalism
4571:Romanticism
4542:Akita ranga
4394:Art of the
4379:Picturesque
4331:Chinoiserie
4326:Frederician
4164:Tudor court
4059:Cinquecento
4000:Renaissance
3987:Mappa mundi
3971:cartography
3863:Carolingian
3858:Merovingian
3841:Palaeologan
3813:RepoblaciĂłn
3770:Anglo-Saxon
3701:Gallo-Roman
3640:Hellenistic
3635:Kerch style
3573:Minyan ware
3035:Blunt, 100.
2951:(1981:1ff).
2858:Rijksmuseum
2182:Elsewhere:
2059:(1566–1638)
2047:(1562–1651)
1946:Giambologna
1897:(1521–1599)
1889: 1559
1885: 1505
1872: 1510
1865:Jean Goujon
1859: 1590
1725:English art
1695:Etching by
1669:Rijksmuseum
1606:Triumvirate
1517:earthenware
1510:In France,
1301:by Goltzius
1253:Christ and
679: 1600
645:Hermeticism
620:was based.
616:and artist
513:Giambologna
491: 1607
469: 1590
460:painted as
336:intermedios
243:iconography
212: 1509
201: 1505
97:Primaticcio
6565:Categories
6458:Jewish art
6270:Passionism
6230:iPhone art
6176:Cyborg art
6171:Crypto art
6144:Brandalism
6036:Cyberdelic
5901:Tropicália
5874:Street art
5829:Intermedia
5809:Minimalism
5528:Spatialism
5482:Postmodern
5338:Surrealism
5206:Shin-hanga
5046:Die BrĂĽcke
5014:Sonderbund
4927:Synthetism
4650:Revivalism
4559:Transition
4516:Manichaean
4362:Adam style
4283:Classicism
4222:in Utrecht
4150:Still life
3880:Romanesque
3836:Macedonian
3831:Iconoclast
3790:Visigothic
3696:Republican
3650:Indo-Greek
3620:Red-figure
3361:Roy Strong
3333:, Vienna,
3251:, London:
3136:References
2665:2009-12-28
2519:Slive, 180
2492:Slive, 8–9
1887: – c.
1415:Plaquettes
1384:, another
1334:See also:
1324:(1593–94).
1234:Strasbourg
1207:cartouches
1200:engravings
961:Still-life
954:still-life
849:still life
816:Caravaggio
598:allegories
157:See also:
116:in Rome".
79:Background
73:Caravaggio
6571:Mannerism
6520:Shock art
6510:Queer art
6490:NaĂŻve art
6473:Modernism
6305:Superflat
6295:Sound art
6275:Post-YBAs
6260:Neomodern
6101:Verdadism
6071:Superflat
5920:1970–1999
5884:in the US
5804:Video art
5727:Happening
5700:1960–1969
5492:1945–1959
5155:1915–1944
5146:Vorticism
5098:A Nyolcak
4960:1900–1914
4932:Les Nabis
4863:Symbolism
4819:Amsterdam
4769:Japonisme
4739:1863–1899
4701:in Greece
4561:to modern
4406:Caribbean
4351:Goût grec
4273:Capriccio
4227:Tenebrism
4176:Turquerie
4074:Mannerism
3969:Medieval
3826:Byzantine
3807:Mozarabic
3758:Ethiopian
3662:Neo-Attic
3645:"Baroque"
3630:Classical
3600:Geometric
3578:Mycenaean
3525:(Western)
3523:Premodern
3494:Premodern
3348:Mannerism
2941:Montacute
2927:ébénistes
2848:Fuchs, 34
2386:Hans Mont
2367:pp. 68-69
2308:Bull, 278
2087:Flemish:
1843:, c. 1600
1627:Francis I
1594:, c. 1580
1573:Calvinist
1507:borders.
1482:grotesque
1474:Moresques
1442:strapwork
1378:Francis I
1172:Rudolf II
1168:Engraving
1114:Ostrogski
1086:. In the
967:borders;
965:miniature
915:Paul Bril
614:goldsmith
571:Hans Mont
462:Vertumnus
449:Vertumnus
297:dressoirs
285:strapwork
60:Mannerism
51:, 1580–85
6550:Category
6500:Portrait
6421:Folk art
6369:Anti-art
6300:Stuckism
6213:Idea art
6134:Art game
6086:Artivism
5974:Punk art
5952:Sots Art
5937:Artscene
5794:Land art
5732:Neo-Dada
5664:Lettrism
5558:Nuagisme
5543:Tachisme
5424:Nazi art
5217:De Stijl
5131:Rayonism
5121:Art Deco
5109:Futurism
4900:Luminism
4868:Romanian
4853:Tonalism
4824:Canadian
4802:American
4708:Neo-Grec
4316:Rocaille
4145:Romanism
4079:Counter-
4013:Trecento
3953:Duecento
3943:Crusades
3875:Ottonian
3853:Frankish
3733:Medieval
3716:Trajanic
3676:Scythian
3671:Etruscan
3563:Cycladic
3541:Thracian
3329:, 1992,
3255:, 2005,
3115:Archived
3018:Archived
2999:Wilenski
2911:, 1994).
2905:New York
2872:Archived
2861:Archived
2700:(1997).
2634:Archived
2623:Archived
2608:Archived
2550:Archived
2389:Archived
2370:Archived
2323:Bronzino
2254:), 1974.
2198:See also
2147:German:
2126:Matthijs
1802:painter
1800:Silesian
1785:etchings
1777:Lorraine
1762:Bronzino
1501:tapestry
1497:frescoes
1478:festoons
1466:tapestry
1462:cartoons
1281:, after
1228:'s book
1088:retables
1044:Flanders
1041:Habsburg
911:Matthijs
633:Habsburg
629:Hercules
579:Bronzino
509:humanist
475:, Sweden
255:Henry II
203:–1570),
138:Romanism
89:overdoor
44:Deianira
40:Hercules
6515:Realism
6112:present
5839:Nut Art
5642:Pop art
5580:Mono-ha
5448:The Ten
5397:Kapists
5343:Iranian
5296:Bauhaus
5090:Orphism
5036:Fauvism
4873:Russian
4763:Nihonga
4677:Verismo
4662:Realism
4596:Purismo
4509:Moorish
4504:Islamic
4411:Haitian
4202:Baroque
4081:Maniera
3965:Mudéjar
3890:Spanish
3802:Pictish
3785:Lombard
3780:Insular
3721:Severan
3686:Gaulish
3681:Iberian
3610:Archaic
3553:Nuragic
3533:Ancient
3516:periods
3127:MĂĽnster
3050:triumph
3046:Bayonne
2830:, 1976.
2629:. This
2191:etching
1828:Artists
1816:in the
1789:Barocci
1667:(1590,
1569:Bohemia
1534:, Paris
1433:Antwerp
1369:Saliera
1358:baroque
1346:Leipzig
1196:etching
1189:Antwerp
1141:Jesuits
1072:Baroque
1056:Bologna
994:, with
900:Brughel
864:Utrecht
771:Haarlem
748:Haarlem
735:, 1602.
697:Utrecht
610:Dresden
563:Bellona
544:Minerva
342:of the
340:entries
301:buffets
281:reliefs
241:. The
224:Charity
176:, 1550s
114:Raphael
87:Stucco
6463:Kitsch
6322:Toyism
5814:Fluxus
5744:Op art
5313:Mingei
5247:Stupid
5225:Purism
5080:Cubism
4729:Modern
4521:Mughal
4311:Rococo
3916:Gothic
3897:Norman
3821:Viking
3775:Hunnic
3753:Coptic
3568:Minoan
3558:Aegean
3546:Dacian
3498:Modern
3429:
3412:
3388:
3371:
3354:
3337:
3319:
3302:
3285:
3277:
3259:
3232:
3214:
3200:
3183:
3166:
3152:
3054:Scipio
3015:Louvre
2762:
2737:
2712:
2479:Munich
1854:(1500–
1822:Poland
1657:, 1590
1488:Stanze
1419:relief
1406:enamel
1298:Icarus
1118:TarnĂłw
1076:Rubens
1035:, 1590
1012:Pieter
1000:Vasari
956:, 1614
851:, 1604
809:, 1591
758:, 1602
714:Vulcan
637:Valois
606:Munich
585:Prints
529:Prague
507:, had
505:Vienna
399:, 1549
344:Medici
278:stucco
270:walnut
153:France
122:Gothic
48:Nessus
6110:2000–
5553:COBRA
4547:Uki-e
4537:Japan
4526:Qajar
3885:Mosan
3691:Roman
3585:Greek
2225:Notes
2101:Prado
1818:Prado
1703:1610s
1382:uncle
1354:court
805:Niobe
706:Venus
681:, by
567:Muses
493:, by
471:–91.
247:Diana
6399:Icon
5722:ZERO
5480:and
5377:Asso
5201:Dada
4758:YĹŤga
3500:and
3427:ISBN
3410:ISBN
3386:ISBN
3369:ISBN
3352:ISBN
3335:ISBN
3331:IRSA
3317:ISBN
3300:ISBN
3283:ISBN
3275:ISBN
3257:ISBN
3241:and
3230:ISBN
3212:ISBN
3198:ISBN
3181:ISBN
3164:ISBN
3150:ISBN
2760:ISBN
2735:ISBN
2710:ISBN
2124:and
2122:Paul
1791:and
1720:Mary
1555:and
1503:and
1456:and
1348:1590
1143:and
1062:and
1026:The
1010:and
978:, a
929:and
921:and
913:and
821:For
783:dodo
710:Mars
708:and
643:and
635:and
608:and
515:and
338:and
299:and
222:and
64:Alps
46:and
3224:),
3052:of
2325:'s
1764:or
1738:of
1629:by
1388:.
1372:of
1320:'s
1174:by
1170:of
1031:by
1008:Jan
942:.
674:),
452:by
326:.
91:at
6567::
3496:,
3421:,
3397:;
3380:;
3363:;
3346:.
3311:,
3281:,
3245:,
3192:,
3175:,
3144:,
3028:^
2992:^
2949:17
2947:,
2907::
2878:.
2774:^
2708:.
2706:83
2674:^
2653:.
2618:.
2588:^
2485:^
2361:,
2274:is
1882:c.
1869:c.
1856:c.
1839:,
1731:.
1699:,
1651:,
1590:,
1551:,
1547:,
1277:,
1191:.
952:,
882:,
818:.
802:,
777:,
773:–
754:,
750:–
703:,
699:–
676:c.
541:,
488:c.
486:,
466:c.
365:,
209:c.
198:c.
172:,
128:,
42:,
37:,
3514:/
3486:e
3479:t
3472:v
3056:.
3013:.
2903:(
2768:.
2743:.
2718:.
2668:.
2376:.
2331:.
2250:(
2193:.
1880:(
1867:(
1861:)
1182:.
668:(
557:(
207:(
196:(
20:)
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