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referencing is prevalent in Pomoan speech. If the deceased family member was close to the speaker, they will not speak their name even if a living relative shares that name. Any speaking partner is expected to avoid these names so that the speaker does not hear it. It is seen as a disrespect to
229:
in this area was by
General Drake in 1579, but it cannot be certain that the people he encountered were what is now considered to be the Pomo. A census was delivered of the people in this area by Colonel Redick M'Kee during an expedition in 1851 putting the Pomo at roughly 1000-1200 people. The
349:
raising depending upon the term the speaker wants to focus upon. In a regular possession situation, the subject of the sentence remains the focus, whereas with possessor raising the object or person being possessed becomes the focus of the sentence. Depending on which construction is used in
350:
Northern Pomo the implications of a given sentence would change. Sentences with possessor raising constructions imply consequences in
Northern Pomo, such as the consequences of a possessor affecting a body part or having a certain physical trait.
1019:
McLendon, Sarah. Klar, Kathryn ed. Scott Beeler, Madison ed. Langdon, Margaret ed. Silver
Shirley ed. (1980). How Languages Die: A Social History of Unstable Bilingualism among the Eastern Pomo.
332:
in conversation, instead using relational terminology such as father, mother, sister, etc. This is especially present in the case of a deceased family member. The avoidance of names is why
315:
While these languages are related, "Pomo" is roughly equivalent to "Germanic" - while there may be similarities, these are all clearly distinct languages that are not mutually intelligible.
217:
Northern Pomo falls under the
Western branch of the Pomoan language family, and it is the only language categorized in this branch that is not part of the Southern group.
197:. The speakers of Northern Pomo were traditionally those who lived in the northern and largest area of the Pomoan territory. Other communities near to the Pomo were the
1154:
1117:
1112:
337:
their relationship with the deceased. More casual speakers may mention the names of the deceased in conversation that they are not related to.
989:
269:, USA. According to the 2010 United States Census, there are 10,308 Pomo people in the United States. Of these, 8,578 reside in California.
861:. University of California Publications: American Archaeology and Ethnology. Vol. 6. Berkerley: The University Press. Berkeley, California.
2513:
2508:
940:
O'Connor, Mary. (Jul., 1990) Third-Person
Reference in Northern Pomo Conversation: The Indexing of Discourse Genre and Social Relations.
171:
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1147:
957:
226:
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2031:
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1939:
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17:
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Powers, Stephen, Powell, John Wesley, and Heizer, Robert F. ed.. Letter. N.d. (orig.1875-1882). (pub.1975).
135:
2000:
1895:
909:
Indian
Linguistic Families Of America, North Of Mexico. Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology
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Contributions of the
University of California Archaeological Research Facility. Web. 4 Mar. 2017.
262:
153:
The seven Pomoan languages with an indication of their pre-contact distribution within
California
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2008:
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202:
1272:
920:
Kunkel, P. H. (1974). The Pomo Kin Group and the
Political Unit in Aboriginal California.
8:
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1990:
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Part II: letters of stephen powers to john wesley powell concerning tribes of california.
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551:
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51:
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The
Marking of Possession in Northern Pomo: Privative Opposition and Pragmatic Inference
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Oswalt, Robert L. (1976). "Baby Talk and the Genesis of Some Basic Pomo Words".
944:. Vol. 56, No. 3 , pp. 377-409. University of Chicago Press. Chicago, Illinois.
140:
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American Indian and Indoeuropean Studies: Papers in Honor of Madison S. Beeler.
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in 1908 would record accounts of the language family and its branches.
194:
148:
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120:
104:
1118:
Northern Pomo basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
160:
1075:
2043:
1012:
Golla, Victor. Moseley, Christoper ed. (2007). North America. In:
1009:. Berkeley: U of California. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California.
257:. The Pomo inhabited a massive amount of territory north of the
964:. (387-401). Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley, California
168:
167:
Northern Pomo is classified as Critically Endangered by the
190:
1058:. Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics. Garland Press.
858:
The Ethno-Geography of the pomo and neighboring indians
1123:
OLAC resources in and about the Northern Pomo language
345:
Northern Pomo switches between regular possession and
885:"Incoming Freshman UHS Course Planning Guide 2021-22"
230:
language was not documented during either encounter.
209:
first began offering Northern Pomo in the Fall 2020.
911:
7:1-142. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
1098:
Vocabulary Words in Native American Languages: Pomo
962:Annual meeting of the berkeley linguistics society
2495:
1014:Encyclopedia of the world’s endangered languages
1113:Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
2059:
1148:
1064:International Journal of American Linguistics
952:
950:
942:International journal of american linguistics
936:
934:
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847:
845:
843:
973:
277:There are seven different Pomoan languages:
1162:
1105:conducted by Eero Vihman with Edna Guerrero
1016:, (1–96). London & New York: Routledge.
2066:
2052:
1155:
1141:
988:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
947:
931:
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244:
159:
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1033:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
914:
864:
340:
328:Northern Pomo normally avoids the use of
323:
172:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
27:Endangered Pomoan language of California
14:
2496:
1061:
922:The journal of california anthropology
2047:
1136:
1031:The languages of Native North America
978:. University of California, Berkeley.
901:
521:
272:
225:The earliest noted documentation of
189:, formerly spoken by the indigenous
2073:
672:Allophones of /kʰ, t͡sʼ/ include .
24:
2514:Extinct languages of North America
2509:Indigenous languages of California
1052:O'Connor, Mary Catherine. (1990).
999:
815:
25:
2535:
1103:Field recordings of Northern Pomo
1091:
1023:The Hague: Mouton. N. pag. Print.
212:
2026:
2025:
832:
253:in the northern coastal area of
249:Northern Pomo was spoken in the
1055:Topics in Northern Pomo Grammar
976:Topics in Northern Pomo Grammar
2524:Languages extinct in the 2000s
967:
877:
13:
1:
907:Powell, John Wesley. (1891).
809:
193:people in what is now called
1128:Northern Pomo Language Tools
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403:
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7:
1007:California indian languages
855:Barrett, Samuel A. (1908).
792:
310:Kashaya (Southwestern) Pomo
185:is a critically endangered
10:
2540:
1175:indicate extinct languages
318:
220:
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924:: 7-18. Retrieved from:
251:United States of America
2397:Highland Oaxaca Chontal
1164:Languages of California
1005:Golla, Victor. (2011).
974:O'Connor, Mary (1987).
245:Geographic Distribution
201:, the Huchnom, and the
2009:American Sign Language
1109:Northern Pomo language
889:www.ukiahhigh.uusd.net
341:Possessive Terminology
324:Relational Terminology
1615:Southern Sierra Miwok
1609:Northern Sierra Miwok
956:O’Connor, M. (1994).
233:Later expeditions by
1603:Central Sierra Miwok
1940:Californian Spanish
679:
362:
267:northern California
52:Northern California
1928:California English
1859:Language isolates
1552:Tule–Kaweah Yokuts
1538:Kings River Yokuts
1524:Buena Vista Yokuts
675:
358:
235:John Wesley Powell
2491:
2490:
2485:extinct languages
2323:
2322:
2309:
2307:Havasupai dialect
2302:
2191:Southeastern Pomo
2175:Northeastern Pomo
2041:
2040:
2017:
2016:
1904:
1903:
1436:Southeastern Pomo
1423:Northeastern Pomo
830:(19th ed., 2016)
788:
787:
670:
669:
579:
554:
529:
499:
472:
444:
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305:Southeastern Pomo
285:Northeastern Pomo
273:Related Languages
259:San Francisco Bay
207:Ukiah High School
180:
179:
16:(Redirected from
2531:
2504:Pomoan languages
2305:
2300:Hualapai dialect
2298:
2225:Delta–California
2222:
2221:
2099:New River Shasta
2068:
2061:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2029:
2028:
1923:American English
1913:
1912:
1896:Plains Sign Talk
1861:and unclassified
1676:New River Shasta
1187:
1186:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1111:overview at the
1087:
1027:Mithun, Marianne
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799:Pomoan languages
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261:and surrounding
227:Native Americans
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2438:Western Jicaque
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2075:Hokan languages
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2013:
1995:
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1933:Chicano English
1900:
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1814:Southern Patwin
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1745:Northern Paiute
1734:Luiseño-Juaneño
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1092:External links
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98:Language codes
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2189:
2187:
2186:Southern Pomo
2184:
2182:
2181:Northern Pomo
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2034:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2001:Sign language
1998:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:Indo-European
1914:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1558:Valley Yokuts
1556:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1512:Klamath-Modoc
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1456:Southern Pomo
1453:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1442:Northern Pomo
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1047:0-521-29875-X
1044:
1040:
1039:0-521-23228-7
1036:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1003:
991:
985:
977:
970:
963:
959:
953:
951:
943:
937:
935:
927:
923:
917:
910:
904:
890:
886:
880:
873:
867:
860:
859:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
835:
829:
828:
823:
822:Northern Pomo
818:
814:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
790:
784:
782:
779:
776:
774:
772:
770:
767:
762:
759:
757:
755:
752:
749:
747:
744:
739:
736:
734:
732:
729:
726:
724:
721:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
697:
692:
687:
681:
673:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
641:
639:
637:
634:
631:
629:
627:
625:
618:
616:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
595:
593:
591:
588:
585:
583:
581:
578:
574:
570:
568:
566:
563:
560:
558:
556:
553:
549:
545:
543:
541:
538:
535:
533:
531:
526:
524:
517:
514:
512:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
494:
490:
487:
485:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
467:
462:
459:
457:
455:
452:
449:
446:
441:
438:
430:
428:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
413:
407:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
364:
351:
348:
338:
335:
331:
316:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
300:Southern Pomo
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:Northern Pomo
280:
279:
278:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
242:
240:
236:
231:
228:
218:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:Northern Pomo
173:
170:
162:
157:
150:
145:
142:
141:Northern Pomo
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
123:
122:
117:
113:
109:
106:
101:
96:
88:
87:Northern Pomo
85:
84:
82:
81:
80:
76:
72:
66:
62:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
43:
42:United States
40:
36:
33:Northern Pomo
31:
19:
18:Northern Pomo
2519:Pomo culture
2480:
2467:
2450:
2436:
2419:
2412:
2391:Tequistlatec
2389:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2294:Upland Yuman
2208:
2180:
2173:
2164:Eastern Pomo
2159:Central Pomo
2138:
2131:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2030:
1889:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1847:
1841:
1831:
1819:
1812:
1800:
1790:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1732:
1725:
1713:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1657:
1643:
1626:
1607:
1597:Plains Miwok
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1510:
1488:
1481:
1454:
1449:Central Pomo
1447:
1441:
1440:
1430:Eastern Pomo
1428:
1421:
1414:
1397:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1318:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1261:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1205:
1198:
1172:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1030:
1020:
1013:
1006:
975:
969:
961:
941:
921:
916:
908:
903:
892:. Retrieved
888:
879:
871:
866:
856:
825:
817:
789:
671:
384:Postalveolar
344:
334:third person
327:
314:
295:Central Pomo
290:Eastern Pomo
276:
248:
237:in 1891 and
232:
224:
216:
182:
181:
119:
86:
2385:Huamelultec
2338:Coahuilteco
2124:Palaihnihan
1776:Tübatulabal
1701:Uto Aztecan
1583:Coast Miwok
804:Pomo people
648:Approximant
330:birth names
2498:Categories
1991:Vietnamese
1590:Lake Miwok
1287:Purisimeño
1218:Athabaskan
1182:Indigenous
1029:. (1999).
894:2022-04-13
827:Ethnologue
810:References
360:Consonants
263:Clear Lake
255:California
203:Athabascan
199:Coast Yuki
195:California
2483:indicate
2469:Yana/Yahi
2427:Jicaquean
2414:Chimariko
2366:Mamulique
2352:Comecrudo
2106:Okwanuchu
1875:Chimariko
1727:Kitanemuk
1683:Okwanuchu
1576:Bay Miwok
1545:Palewyami
1399:Chimariko
1344:Ramaytush
1337:Chochenyo
1308:Ventureño
1301:Barbareño
1263:Chumashan
1084:143694553
984:cite book
624:Fricative
552:Aspirated
523:Affricate
470:Aspirated
437:Voiceless
354:Phonology
347:possessor
121:Glottolog
105:ISO 639-3
2345:Cotoname
2263:Maricopa
2242:Kumeyaay
2140:Atsugewi
2133:Achumawi
2092:Konomihu
2032:Category
1945:Armenian
1763:Tataviam
1750:Panamint
1721:Kawaiisu
1709:Cahuilla
1669:Konomihu
1503:Penutian
1477:Kumeyaay
1416:Atsugewi
1410:Achomawi
1273:Obispeño
1070:: 1–13.
793:See also
577:Ejective
497:Ejective
379:Alveolar
369:Bilabial
128:nort2966
2481:Italics
2452:Salinan
2421:Esselen
2329:Pakawan
2315:Yavapai
2273:Quechan
2232:Cocopah
2210:Cochimí
2169:Kashaya
2083:Shastan
1986:Tagalog
1976:Chinese
1960:Russian
1955:Punjabi
1950:Persian
1891:Takelma
1885:Salinan
1869:Esselen
1802:Nomlaki
1792:Wintuan
1756:Serrano
1659:Shastan
1645:Nisenan
1622:Maiduan
1462:Kashaya
1358:Awaswas
1294:Ineseño
1280:Cruzeño
1251:Wailaki
1237:Mattole
1173:Italics
1041:(hbk);
691:Central
399:Glottal
389:Palatal
319:Grammar
221:History
83:Western
59:Extinct
2289:Paipai
2268:Mojave
2216:Kiliwa
2151:Pomoan
2113:Shasta
1981:Korean
1833:Yukian
1808:Patwin
1770:Tongva
1715:Cupeño
1690:Shasta
1639:Konkow
1518:Yokuts
1472:Mojave
1379:Chalon
1372:Rumsen
1365:Mutsun
1351:Tamyen
1330:Karkin
1320:Ohlone
1226:Tolowa
1082:
1045:
1037:
926:Kunkel
714:short
708:short
702:short
677:Vowels
412:Voiced
374:Dental
169:UNESCO
79:Pomoan
48:Region
2463:Washo
2446:Karuk
2406:Other
2359:Garza
2256:River
2247:Tipai
2201:Yuman
1969:Asian
1880:Karuk
1849:Wappo
1821:Wintu
1634:Maidu
1628:Chico
1570:Miwok
1565:Wintu
1467:Washo
1405:Karuk
1390:Hokan
1244:Cahto
1207:Yurok
1200:Wiyot
1191:Algic
1080:S2CID
723:Close
717:long
711:long
705:long
686:Front
601:Nasal
589:t͡ʃʼ
586:t͡sʼ
564:t͡ʃʰ
561:t͡sʰ
528:Plain
443:Plain
394:Velar
2458:Seri
2237:Ipai
1843:Yuki
1740:Mono
1490:Yahi
1483:Yana
1231:Hupa
1043:ISBN
1035:ISBN
990:link
769:Open
696:Back
539:t͡ʃ
536:t͡s
505:t̪ʼ
478:t̪ʰ
406:Stop
191:Pomo
63:2005
2432:Tol
2282:Pai
1781:Ute
1072:doi
824:at
780:aː
763:oː
753:eː
746:Mid
740:uː
730:iː
515:kʼ
508:tʼ
502:pʼ
488:kʰ
481:tʰ
475:pʰ
450:t̪
265:in
136:ELP
112:pej
2500::
1888:,
1882:,
1878:,
1872:,
1846:,
1078:.
1068:42
1066:.
986:}}
982:{{
960:.
949:^
933:^
887:.
842:^
777:a
760:o
750:e
737:u
727:i
662:j
657:l
652:w
642:h
635:ʃ
632:s
610:n
605:m
463:ʔ
460:k
453:t
447:p
422:d
417:b
205:.
2067:e
2060:t
2053:v
1156:e
1149:t
1142:v
1086:.
1074::
1049:.
992:)
928:.
897:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
