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940:. He was aware of Lee's plan because a Union cavalry raid captured a copy of the written order. Stuart was almost captured during this raid; his cloak and plumed hat did not escape, however, and Stuart retaliated on August 22 with a raid on Pope's headquarters at Catlett's Station, capturing the Union commander's dress coat. Stuart's raid demonstrated that the Union right flank was vulnerable to a turning movement, although river flooding brought on by heavy rains would make this difficult. It also revealed the plans for reinforcing Pope's army, which would eventually bring it to the strength of 130,000 men, more than twice the size of the Army of Northern Virginia.
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991:. The Hotchkiss journal shows that Jackson, most likely, originally conceived the movement. In the journal entries for March 4 and 6 1863, General Stuart tells Hotchkiss that "Jackson was entitled to all the credit" for the movement and that Lee thought the proposed movement "very hazardous" and "reluctantly consented" to the movement. Pope would be forced to retreat and could be defeated while moving and vulnerable. Jackson departed on August 25 and reached Salem (present-day
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757:. Union officers were directed to "arrest all disloyal male citizens within their lines or within their reach." These orders were substantially different from the war philosophy of Pope's colleague McClellan, which undoubtedly caused some of the animosity between the two men during the campaign. Confederate authorities were outraged and Robert E. Lee labeled Pope a "miscreant" and added that he "ought to be suppressed."
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491:(First Manassas), Jackson successfully repulsed Union assaults on August 29 as Lee and Longstreet's command arrived on the battlefield. On August 30, Pope attacked again, but was surprised to be caught between attacks by Longstreet and Jackson, and was forced to withdraw with heavy losses. The campaign concluded with another flanking maneuver by Jackson, which Pope engaged at the
555:, and Lincoln sought a more aggressive general than McClellan. Pope did not endear himself to his subordinate commanders—all three selected as corps commanders technically outranked him—or to his junior officers, by his boastful orders that implied Eastern soldiers were inferior to their Western counterparts. Some of his enlisted men were encouraged by Pope's aggressive tone.
741:. The cavalry under Hatch got off to a slow start and found that Stonewall Jackson had already occupied Gordonsville on July 19 with over 14,000 men. (After a subsequent second failure to cut the railroad on July 22, Pope removed Hatch from his cavalry command and reassigned him to command an infantry brigade in Brig. Gen.
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to best effect. Jackson's flank march—54 miles in 36 hours into the rear of the Union Army—was "the boldest maneuver of its kind during the war, and
Jackson executed it flawlessly." Longstreet's attack on August 30, "timely, powerful, and swift, would come as close to destroying a Union army as any ever would."
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No. 5 directed the army to "subsist upon the country," reimbursing farmers with vouchers that were payable after the war only to "loyal citizens of the United States." To some soldiers, this became an informal license to pillage and steal. General Orders 7 and 11 dealt with persistent problems of
Confederate
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The campaign was a triumph for Lee and his two principal subordinates. Military historian John J. Hennessy described it as Lee's greatest campaign, the "happiest marriage of strategy and tactics he would ever attain." He balanced audacious actions with proper caution and chose his subordinates' roles
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The most significant battle of the campaign, Second Bull Run (Second
Manassas), was fought August 28–30. In order to draw Pope's army into battle, Jackson ordered an attack on a Federal column that was passing across his front on the Warrenton Turnpike on August 28, alerting Pope to his position. The
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After skirmishing near
Chapman's Mill in Thoroughfare Gap, Ricketts's Union division was flanked on August 28 by a Confederate column passing through Hopewell Gap several miles to the north and by troops securing the high ground at Thoroughfare Gap. Ricketts retired, and Longstreet's wing of the army
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and before daybreak August 27 marched to capture and destroy the massive Union supply depot at
Manassas Junction. This surprise movement forced Pope into an abrupt retreat from his defensive line along the Rappahannock. On August 27, Jackson routed the New Jersey Brigade of the VI Corps near Bull Run
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Pope had an additional, broader objective, encouraged by
Abraham Lincoln. For the first time, the Union intended to pressure the civilian population of the Confederacy by bringing some of the hardships of war directly to them. Pope issued three general orders on the subject to his army. General Order
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was attached to
Jackson's wing. The Confederate organization was considerably simpler than the one Lee inherited for the Seven Days Battles; in that campaign there had been eleven separate divisions, which led to breakdowns in communications and the inability of the army to execute Lee's battle plans
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The northern
Virginia campaign had been expensive for both sides, although Lee's smaller army spent its resources more carefully. Union casualties were 16,054 (1,724 killed, 8,372 wounded, 5,958 missing/captured) out of about 75,000 engaged, roughly comparable to the losses two months earlier in the
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The two armies fought a series of minor actions August 22–25 along the
Rappahannock River, including Waterloo Bridge, Lee Springs, Freeman's Ford, and Sulphur Springs, resulting in a few hundred casualties. Together, these skirmishes kept the attention of both armies along the river. Heavy rains had
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On the
Confederate side, General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia was organized into two "wings" or "commands" (the designation of these units as "corps" would not be authorized under Confederate law until November 1862) of about 55,000 men. The "right wing" was commanded by Maj. Gen. James
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I have come to you from the West, where we have always seen the backs of our enemies, from an army whose business it has been to seek the adversary, and to beat him to when he was found; whose policy has been to attack and not defense.... Let us look before us, and not behind. Success and glory are
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On August 30, Pope renewed his attacks, seemingly unaware that Longstreet was on the field. When massed Confederate artillery devastated a Union assault by Porter's corps, Longstreet's wing of 28,000 men counterattacked in the largest simultaneous mass assault of the war. The Union left flank was
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Based on his experiences in the Seven Days, Lee concluded that McClellan would not attack, and he could thus move most of his army away from Richmond. This allowed him to relocate Jackson to Gordonsville to block Pope and protect the Virginia Central. Lee had larger plans in mind. Since the Union
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Pope became convinced that he had trapped Jackson and concentrated the bulk of his army against him. On August 29, Pope launched a series of assaults against Jackson's position along the unfinished railroad grade. The attacks were repulsed with heavy casualties on both sides. At noon, Longstreet
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On August 13, Lee sent Longstreet to reinforce Jackson, and on the following day Lee sent all of his remaining forces (except for two brigades) after he was certain that McClellan was leaving the Peninsula. Lee arrived at Gordonsville to take command on August 15. He massed the Army of Northern
796:, and Lee moved south to meet the threat, but McClellan eventually withdrew his advance. Still convinced that he was heavily outnumbered, he sent messages to Washington that he would need at least 50,000 more men before he could attempt another attack on Richmond. On August 3, General-in-Chief
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The NPS has established these dates for the battle. The references by Greene, Hennessy, Salmon, and Kennedy, whose works are closely aligned with the NPS, adopt these dates as well. However, all of the other references to this article specify that the action on August 28 was a prelude to, but
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On July 29, Pope moved his headquarters from Washington to the field. He was informed by Halleck of the plan to link up with McClellan's army, but rather than waiting for this to occur, he moved some of his forces to a position near Cedar Mountain, from whence he could launch cavalry raids on
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swollen the river and Lee was unable to force a crossing. Pope considered an attack across the river to strike Lee's right flank, but he was also stymied by the high water. By this time, reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac were arriving from the Peninsula: Maj. Gen.
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directed McClellan to begin his final withdrawal from the Peninsula and to return to Northern Virginia to support Pope. McClellan protested and did not begin his redeployment until August 14. The Army of the Potomac returned to Washington except for a division of the
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marched through the gap to join Jackson. This seemingly inconsequential action virtually ensured Pope's defeat during the battles of August 29–30 because it allowed the two wings of Lee's army to unite on the Manassas battlefield. Ricketts withdrew via
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The acquired that magnificent morale which made them equal to twice their numbers, & which they never lost even to the surrender at Appomattox. And confidence in them, & theirs in him, were so equal that no man can yet say which was
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Pope, outmaneuvered by Lee, was virtually besieged in Washington. If it were not for his close political and personal ties to President Lincoln, his military career might have been completely ruined. Instead, he was transferred to
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was killed and his division mauled. A Confederate counterattack led by Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill drove Banks back across Cedar Creek. Jackson's advance was stopped, however, by the Union division of Brig. Gen.
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912:. By now Jackson had learned that Pope's corps were all together, foiling his plan of defeating each in separate actions. He remained in position until August 12, then withdrew to Gordonsville.
987:. Lee's new plan in the face of all these additional forces outnumbering him was to send Jackson and Stuart with half of the army on a flanking march to cut Pope's line of communication, the
2521:. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History (Reissue edition (September 16, 2002) ed.). New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 2733.
1034:'s division at Kettle Run, resulting in about 600 casualties. Ewell held back Union forces until dark. During the night of August 27 – August 28, Jackson marched his divisions north to the
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1122:. Confederate attacks were stopped by fierce fighting during a severe thunderstorm. Union generals Stevens and Kearny were both killed. Recognizing that his army was still in danger at
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were all reassigned elsewhere. The command structure was reorganized as follows: Jackson's wing comprised his old Valley Army; the Stonewall Division (now commanded by Brig. Gen.
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into the Federal rear, destroying supplies and blocking their possible avenues of retreat. Logistical difficulties and cavalry movement delays caused the plan to be abandoned.
2150:. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XII-XXIV-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
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to join Jackson with 12,000 men, while distracting McClellan with artillery bombardments and diversionary movements. McClellan advanced a force from Harrison's Landing to
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On the evening of August 26, after passing around Pope's right flank via Thoroughfare Gap, Jackson's wing of the army struck the Orange & Alexandria Railroad at
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against Pope is considered a military masterpiece. Historian John J. Hennessy wrote that "Lee may have fought cleverer battles, but this was his greatest campaign."
2415:. National Park Service Civil War Series (1st edition (January 1, 1995) ed.). Fort Washington, PA: Eastern National Park and Monument Association. p. 55.
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2175:. The Union Army, 1861-1865: Organization and Operations. Vol. 1 (1st, (October 1, 1989) ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 1084.
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to defeat Pope before McClellan's army could arrive to reinforce it. His plan was to send his cavalry under Stuart, followed by his entire army, north to the
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Army was split between McClellan and Pope and they were widely separated, Lee saw an opportunity to destroy Pope before returning his attention to McClellan.
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on August 18, screened from view by Clark's Mountain. Stuart would cross and destroy the railroad bridge at Somerville Ford and then move around Pope's left
729:, and draw Confederate forces away from McClellan by moving in the direction of Gordonsville. Pope started on the latter by dispatching cavalry to break the
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The Union Army of Virginia was constituted on June 26, from existing departments operating around Virginia, most of which had recently been outmaneuvered in
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479:'s command, following Jackson. Jackson conducted a wide-ranging maneuver around Pope's right flank, seizing the large supply depot in Pope's rear, at
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were attached directly to the three infantry corps, a lack of centralized control that had negative effects in the campaign. Parts of three corps (
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operating in the Union rear. Pope ordered that any house from which gunfire was aimed at Union troops be burned and the occupants treated as
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Making a wide flanking march, Jackson hoped to cut off the Union retreat from Bull Run. On September 1, beyond Chantilly Plantation on the
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1847:. Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command. Vol. I (1970 Scribner ed.). New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 773.
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1038:(Manassas) battlefield, where he took position behind an unfinished railroad grade. Pope did not know where Jackson had gone.
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On August 9, Nathaniel Banks's corps attacked Jackson at Cedar Mountain, gaining an early advantage. Confederate Brig. Gen.
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With Pope no longer a threat and McClellan reorganizing his command, Lee turned his army north on September 4 to cross the
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continued in command of their divisions, both of which had been part of Magruder's Army of the Peninsula. Maj. Gen.
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2120:(1st ed. (September 1, 1992) ed.). Boston, MA: Stan Clark Military Books (Houghton Mifflin Co.). p. 468.
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crushed and the army driven back to Bull Run. Only an effective Union rearguard action prevented a replay of the
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Seven Days Battles; Confederate losses were 9,197 (1,481 killed, 7,627 wounded, 89 missing/captured) of 48,500.
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Reports, Mar 17 – Jun 25; Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Mar 17 – Sep 2, 1862
593:), replacing Frémont, who refused to serve under Pope (his junior in rank) and resigned his command; Banks (
585:'s division from western Virginia. The new army was divided into three corps of 51,000 men, under Maj. Gen.
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This article is about the 1862 campaign. For the 1861 campaign including the First Battle of Bull Run, see
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1997:. Osprey Campaign (1st edition (February 25, 2002) ed.). Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. p. 96.
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independent South Carolina brigade. McLaws and Hill were left in Richmond under the command of Maj. Gen.
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appointed John Pope to command the newly formed Army of Virginia. Pope had achieved some success in the
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1735:(1st (September 22, 1989) ed.). Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 692.
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was precipitous, nonetheless. The next day, Lee ordered his army to pursue the retreating Union army.
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area in Union custody, Mosby observed significant naval transport activity and deduced that Maj. Gen.
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separate from, the Second Battle of Bull Run. Some of these authors name the action on August 28 the
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on August 7, hoping to attack one of Pope's corps before the rest of the army could be concentrated.
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2618:(Praeger Illustrated edition (April 9, 1997) ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 288.
2024:. Great Campaigns (1st ed. (November 21, 1996) ed.). New York, NY: Da Capo Press. p. 299.
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677:. Longstreet had seven divisions. His former command was divided into two parts led by Brig. Gens.
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1901:(Reprint edition (March 19, 2019) ed.). Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. p. 278.
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2556:(1st edition (January 1, 1959) ed.). Harrisburg, PA: The Stackpole Company. p. 466.
1928:(First Edition (November 1, 1992) ed.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. p. 448.
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2355:. The Civil War (1st edition (January 1, 1984) ed.). Alexandria, VA: Time Life Books.
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Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander
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Longstreet, the left by Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson. The Cavalry Division under Maj. Gen.
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arrived on the field from Thoroughfare Gap and took position on Jackson's right flank.
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near Ox Hill, Jackson sent his divisions against two Union divisions under Maj. Gens.
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1963:(3rd (1988) ed.). Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press. p. 410.
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Make Me a Map of the Valley: The Civil War Journal of Stonewall Jackson's Topographer
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Confederate Tide Rising: Robert E. Lee and the Making of Southern Strategy, 1861–1862
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2479:. Vol. I (1st ed.). London UK: Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 648.
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601:). Sturgis's Washington troops constituted the Army reserve. Cavalry brigades under
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518:— John Pope, order to the "Officers and Soldiers of the Army of Virginia", July 14
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640:), eventually joined Pope for combat operations, raising his strength to 77,000.
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1874:(1st edition (March 18, 2008) ed.). New York, NY: Free Press. p. 624.
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on August 9, a Confederate victory. Lee determined that McClellan's army on the
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2585:. Washington, DC: United States Army Center of Military History. p. 70.
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fighting at Brawner's Farm lasted several hours and resulted in a stalemate.
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Pope's mission was to fulfill a few objectives: protect Washington and the
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2163:
1705:
1281:(1,724 killed; 8,372 wounded; 5,958 missing/captured) according to Eicher.
1267:
1030:'s Confederate division fought a brisk rearguard action against Maj. Gen.
3865:
2903:
2883:
1803:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
709:'s command was also placed under Longstreet. Also joining was Brig. Gen.
586:
2513:
Sauers, Richard Allen (2000). David Stephen Heidler; Jeanne T. Heidler;
1408:
377:
5248:
4123:
3885:
3086:
3081:
2392:
2142:
1598:
1257:
776:, who had just been exchanged as a prisoner of war. Coming through the
487:
Moving to a very defensible position near the battleground of the 1861
1232:
1003:
60:
4512:
2695:
1390:
789:
706:
674:
2200:"Origin of the Movement Around Pope's Army of Virginia, August 1862"
1622:
4517:
2197:
1550:
1193:
581:'s brigade from the Military District of Washington, and Brig. Gen
406:
94:
27:
Series of battles fought in Virginia during the American Civil War
769:
On July 26, Lee met with cavalry commander and partisan fighter
203:
5315:
List of films and television shows about the American Civil War
1657:
1177:
assumed command of all Union forces around Washington, and his
447:
Concerned that Pope's army would combine forces with Maj. Gen.
223:
1926:
Return to Bull Run: The Campaign and Battle of Second Manassas
880:
Second Bull Run campaign, August 17–30, 1862 (Additional map)
213:
1065:
3037:
1610:
2282:
1645:
1604:
5409:
Campaigns of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
1681:
1476:
717:, and so Longstreet would take only five divisions north.
5414:
Military operations of the American Civil War in Virginia
2444:. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. p. 762.
36:
Virginia in the American Civil War § Major campaigns
2640:
2059:. London, UK: Prentice Hall International. p. 950.
1757:
1711:
1669:
1582:
1516:
1494:
1424:
1334:
1314:
1273:
1245:
860:
Northern Virginia campaign, August 7–September 1, 1862
673:'s division, plus the newly added command of Maj. Gen.
72:, commanding generals of the northern Virginia campaign
2649:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 400.
2441:
How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War
1995:
Second Manassas 1862: Robert E. Lee's Greatest Victory
1772:
The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War
1539:
NPS First Rappahannock Station (White Sulphur Springs)
1462:
1284:
1126:, Pope ordered the retreat to continue to Washington.
1069:
Second Battle of Bull Run: actions on August 29 and 30
1007:
Union soldiers at the Orange & Alexandria Railroad
2353:
Lee Takes Command: From Seven Days to Second Bull Run
1376:
1296:
952:
Recovering a locomotive wrecked in a Confederate raid
513:
in the advance; disaster and shame lurk in the rear.
1693:
2242:
2053:
Stonewall Jackson: The Man, The Soldier, The Legend
1663:
915:
628:) of McClellan's Army of the Potomac and Maj. Gen.
943:
936:On August 20–21, Pope withdrew to the line of the
2498:(2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
2091:The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide
921:Virginia south of Clark's Mountain and planned a
475:and sent most of the rest of his army, Maj. Gen.
5395:
5001:Confederate States presidential election of 1861
2691:Animated History of the Second Manassas Campaign
2322:
2206:. MilitaryHistoryOnline.com, LLC. Archived from
2114:To the Gates of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign
1616:
2582:The Battle of Second Manassas: Self-Guided Tour
2262:
1651:
1628:
1215:The Bull Run battlefields are preserved by the
4825:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.
2222:
2022:The Second Bull Run Campaign: July–August 1862
1482:
322:
2711:
2437:
1185:, which was disbanded on September 12, 1862.
1060:
570:'s Department of the Rappahannock, Maj. Gen.
308:
2473:Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War
1872:General Lee's Army: From Victory to Collapse
805:, which was left on the Virginia Peninsula.
998:
843:Second Bull Run Confederate order of battle
2718:
2704:
2641:Woodworth, Steven E.; Winkle, Kenneth J.;
2578:
1992:
1370:
839:Cedar Mountain Confederate order of battle
315:
301:
2679:National Park Service battle descriptions
2612:Civil War Generalship: The Art of Command
2543:
2466:
2046:
1950:
1869:
1727:
1675:
1570:
1566:
1358:
459:north to intercept Pope's advance toward
411:Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
2914:Treatment of slaves in the United States
2438:Hattaway, Herman; Jones, Archer (1983).
2381:A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion
1923:
1801:
1712:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001)
1687:
1586:
1583:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001)
1520:
1517:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001)
1502:
1498:
1495:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001)
1468:
1446:
1442:
1414:
1396:
1382:
1366:
1338:
1335:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001)
1318:
1315:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001)
1302:
1290:
1274:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001)
1246:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001)
1064:
1022:Bridge, mortally wounding its commander
1002:
947:
875:
855:
851:
409:during August and September 1862 in the
384:
376:
4657:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War
2829:South Carolina Declaration of Secession
2491:
2350:
2170:
1834:
1454:
1354:
14:
5396:
4642:Modern display of the Confederate flag
2725:
2512:
2407:
2093:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
2088:
2019:
1699:
1590:
1524:
1418:
1400:
1342:
1322:
693:was leading Whiting's Division due to
463:. The two forces initially clashed at
455:and overwhelm him, Lee sent Maj. Gen.
4860:
4249:
3813:
3036:
2839:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers
2737:
2699:
2107:
1896:
1450:
1430:
1362:
1013:Battle of Manassas Station Operations
847:Chantilly Confederate order of battle
824:Second Bull Run Union order of battle
689:got Huger's division, and Brig. Gen.
523:
483:, placing his force between Pope and
296:
2608:
2377:
1954:(1973). MacDonald, Archie P. (ed.).
958:First Battle of Rappahannock Station
820:Cedar Mountain Union order of battle
764:
405:, was a series of battles fought in
4996:Committee on the Conduct of the War
4672:United Daughters of the Confederacy
1226:
1041:
24:
5066:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864
4861:
4405:impeachment managers investigation
2784:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
2344:
1221:Manassas National Battlefield Park
885:Gordonsville. Jackson advanced to
808:
25:
5425:
4491:Reconstruction military districts
2939:Abolitionism in the United States
2894:Plantations in the American South
2809:Origins of the American Civil War
2672:
2579:Whitehorne, Joseph W. A. (1990).
2515:James M. McPherson (Introduction)
2492:Kennedy, Frances H., ed. (1998).
1805:West Point Atlas of American Wars
1731:(1989). Gary W. Gallagher (ed.).
892:
697:being on sick leave. Brig. Gens.
574:'s Department of the Shenandoah,
566:'s Mountain Department, Maj. Gen
421:followed up his successes of the
5345:
5336:
5335:
4474:Enforcement Act of February 1871
4447:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867
2468:Henderson, George Francis Robert
2387:. Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.
989:Orange & Alexandria Railroad
916:Lee advances to the Rappahannock
236:
222:
212:
202:
191:
181:
162:
152:
133:
120:
59:
5259:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864
5121:When Johnny Comes Marching Home
4682:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
2550:From Cedar Mountain to Antietam
2495:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
1810:Frederick A. Praeger Publishers
1720:
1605:NPS Manassas Station Operations
944:Skirmishing on the Rappahannock
828:Chantilly Union order of battle
4362:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
2643:McPherson, James M. (foreword)
832:
13:
1:
4777:Ladies' Memorial Associations
4479:Enforcement Act of April 1871
4375:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
4250:
2647:Oxford Atlas of the Civil War
2413:The Second Battle of Manassas
2351:Anthony, Nicholas J. (1984).
2284:"Manassas Station Operations"
2020:Martin, David George (1996).
1870:Glatthaar, Joseph T. (2008).
1802:Esposito, Vincent J. (1959).
784:'s troops, who had fought in
505:
457:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
141:Confederate States of America
4910:Confederate revolving cannon
4652:Sons of Confederate Veterans
4523:South Carolina riots of 1876
4501:Indian Council at Fort Smith
4452:South Carolina riots of 1876
4417:Knights of the White Camelia
2909:Slavery in the United States
1129:
1099:
1092:disaster. Pope's retreat to
745:division of the III Corps.)
389:Northeastern Virginia (1862)
7:
5264:New York City riots of 1863
5089:Battle Hymn of the Republic
4840:United Confederate Veterans
4677:Children of the Confederacy
4667:United Confederate Veterans
4662:Southern Historical Society
3814:
3294:Price's Missouri Expedition
2764:Timeline leading to the War
2738:
1181:absorbed the forces of the
711:.Nathan G. "Shanks" Evans's
84:July 19 – September 1, 1862
34:. For other campaigns, see
10:
5430:
5404:Northern Virginia campaign
5232:Confederate Secret Service
4820:Grand Army of the Republic
4712:Grand Army of the Republic
4530:Southern Claims Commission
2378:Dyer, Frederick H (1908).
2332:U.S. National Park Service
2312:U.S. National Park Service
2292:U.S. National Park Service
2272:U.S. National Park Service
2252:U.S. National Park Service
2232:U.S. National Park Service
2171:Welcher, Frank J. (1989).
1924:Hennessy, John J. (1992).
1553:MilitaryHistoryOnline.com,
1103:
1072:
1061:Second Bull Run (Manassas)
1048:Battle of Thoroughfare Gap
1045:
1010:
955:
896:
836:
817:
533:
527:
471:was no longer a threat to
395:Northern Virginia Campaign
326:Northern Virginia Campaign
46:Northern Virginia campaign
29:
18:Northern Virginia Campaign
5331:
5307:
5220:Confederate States dollar
5192:
5134:
5079:
5031:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863
5026:Emancipation Proclamation
4988:
4920:Medal of Honor recipients
4877:
4873:
4856:
4808:Confederate Memorial Hall
4790:
4769:
4727:
4699:
4690:
4610:Confederate Memorial Hall
4583:Confederate History Month
4563:Civil War Discovery Trail
4543:
4464:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867
4295:
4270:Reconstruction Amendments
4260:
4256:
4245:
4167:
4036:
4029:
3969:
3833:
3826:
3822:
3809:
3751:
3498:
3491:
3322:
3178:
3137:
3105:
3072:
3065:
3061:
3032:
2929:
2879:Emancipation Proclamation
2847:
2748:
2744:
2733:
2609:Wood, William J. (1997).
2519:Second Battle of Bull Run
2204:militaryhistoryonline.com
1993:Langellier, John (2002).
1897:Harsh, Joseph L. (1998).
1836:Freeman, Douglas Southall
1075:Second Battle of Bull Run
733:connecting Gordonsville,
731:Virginia Central Railroad
560:Jackson's Valley campaign
500:Army of Northern Virginia
498:Lee's maneuvering of the
334:
260:
247:
242:Army of Northern Virginia
173:
146:
113:
76:
58:
50:
45:
5294:U.S. Sanitary Commission
5205:Battlefield preservation
5111:Marching Through Georgia
5036:Hampton Roads Conference
5011:Confiscation Act of 1862
5006:Confiscation Act of 1861
4782:U.S. national cemeteries
4588:Confederate Memorial Day
4573:Civil War Trails Program
4442:New Orleans riot of 1866
2198:Collie, Michael (2017).
2089:Salmon, John S. (2001).
1841:Manassas to Malvern Hill
999:Raiding Manassas Station
899:Battle of Cedar Mountain
813:
720:
636:(commanded by Maj. Gen.
489:First Battle of Bull Run
403:Second Manassas Campaign
399:Second Bull Run Campaign
344:1st Rappahannock Station
128:United States of America
5215:Confederate war finance
4835:Southern Cross of Honor
4803:1938 Gettysburg reunion
4798:1913 Gettysburg reunion
4496:Reconstruction Treaties
4469:Enforcement Act of 1870
4352:Freedman's Savings Bank
2969:Lane Debates on Slavery
2794:Lincoln–Douglas debates
2156:2027/coo.31924077725921
2048:Robertson, James I. Jr.
1664:NPS Battle of Chantilly
1139:Edward Porter Alexander
429:by moving north toward
274:4,885 missing/captured)
5274:Richmond riots of 1863
5200:Baltimore riot of 1861
4980:U.S. Military Railroad
4900:Confederate Home Guard
4632:Historiographic issues
4598:Historical reenactment
3097:Revenue Cutter Service
2964:William Lloyd Garrison
2873:Dred Scott v. Sandford
2334:. 2012. Archived from
2314:. 2012. Archived from
2304:"Rappahannock Station"
2294:. 2012. Archived from
2274:. 2005. Archived from
2254:. 2012. Archived from
2234:. 2012. Archived from
1070:
1057:to Manassas Junction.
1008:
979:, and elements of the
953:
881:
873:
515:
390:
382:
147:Commanders and leaders
5239:Great Revival of 1863
5116:Maryland, My Maryland
4905:Confederate railroads
4568:Civil War Roundtables
4437:Meridian riot of 1871
4432:Memphis riots of 1866
2989:George Luther Stearns
2974:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
2867:Crittenden Compromise
2278:on November 26, 2005.
2210:on September 28, 2017
1767:McPherson, James Alan
1217:National Park Service
1112:Little River Turnpike
1104:Further information:
1073:Further information:
1068:
1046:Further information:
1011:Further information:
1006:
965:Samuel P. Heintzelman
956:Further information:
951:
897:Further information:
879:
859:
852:Battles and movements
837:Further information:
818:Further information:
534:Further information:
510:
388:
380:
261:Casualties and losses
5126:Daar kom die Alibama
5041:National Union Party
4717:memorials to Lincoln
4637:Lost Cause mythology
4342:Eufaula riot of 1874
4330:Confederate refugees
3543:District of Columbia
3170:Union naval blockade
3016:Underground Railroad
2804:Nullification crisis
2545:Stackpole, Edward J.
1777:Simon & Schuster
1729:Alexander, Edward P.
1617:NPS Thoroughfare Gap
1527:, p. 92, 101-02
1325:, p. 24, 32-33.
1264:, pp. 139, 262.
1167:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
887:Culpeper Court House
695:William H.C. Whiting
651:William H.C. Whiting
397:, also known as the
286:89 missing/captured)
5380:38.8124°N 77.5213°W
5376: /
5284:Supreme Court cases
5051:Radical Republicans
4830:Old soldiers' homes
4814:Confederate Veteran
4740:artworks in Capitol
4459:Reconstruction acts
4320:Colfax riot of 1873
3284:Richmond-Petersburg
2889:Fugitive slave laws
2819:Popular sovereignty
2799:Missouri Compromise
2789:Kansas-Nebraska Act
2173:The Eastern Theater
2144:U.S. War Department
1952:Hotchkiss, Jedediah
1763:McPherson, James M.
1652:NPS Second Bull Run
1629:NPS Second Bull Run
1585:, p. 322-323;
1573:, p. 547, 887.
1569:, p. 117-118;
1449:, p. 157-158;
1369:, p. 561-567;
1361:, p. 157-158;
1357:, p. 610-614;
1200:and the battles of
1179:Army of the Potomac
1175:George B. McClellan
1106:Battle of Chantilly
687:Richard H. Anderson
493:Battle of Chantilly
453:Army of the Potomac
449:George B. McClellan
197:Army of the Potomac
105:Confederate victory
5105:A Lincoln Portrait
5046:Politicians killed
4970:U.S. Balloon Corps
4965:Union corps badges
4745:memorials to Davis
4615:Disenfranchisement
4486:Reconstruction era
4367:Timber Culture Act
4325:Compromise of 1877
3289:Franklin–Nashville
2959:Frederick Douglass
2862:Cornerstone Speech
2779:Compromise of 1850
2727:American Civil War
2684:2005-04-09 at the
2324:"Thoroughfare Gap"
2264:"Manassas, Second"
1636:Battle of Groveton
1483:NPS Cedar Mountain
1433:, p. 119-123.
1276:, pp. 334–335
1171:Dakota War of 1862
1124:Fairfax Courthouse
1071:
1009:
954:
938:Rappahannock River
882:
874:
572:Nathaniel P. Banks
540:Seven Days Battles
536:Peninsula campaign
530:American Civil War
524:Military situation
469:Virginia Peninsula
427:Peninsula campaign
423:Seven Days Battles
391:
383:
53:American Civil War
5385:38.8124; -77.5213
5359:
5358:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5157:Italian Americans
5142:African Americans
5099:John Brown's Body
4852:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4765:
4764:
4603:Robert E. Lee Day
4347:Freedmen's Bureau
4310:Brooks–Baxter War
4241:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4025:
4024:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3214:Northern Virginia
3160:Trans-Mississippi
3133:
3132:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
2920:Uncle Tom's Cabin
2857:African Americans
2409:Greene, A. Wilson
2338:on July 14, 2012.
2318:on July 14, 2012.
2298:on July 14, 2012.
2258:on July 14, 2012.
2238:on July 14, 2012.
2109:Sears, Stephen W.
2066:978-0-02-864685-5
1819:978-0-8050-3391-5
1808:. New York City:
1775:. New York City:
1714:, p. 336-37.
1690:, p. 457-61.
1595:Esposito's Map 58
1593:, p. 127-128
1529:Esposito's Map 57
1507:Esposito's Map 57
1459:Esposito's Map 56
1417:, p. 14-21;
1405:Esposito's Map 55
1387:Esposito's Map 54
1371:Langellier (2002)
1198:Maryland campaign
1196:, initiating the
983:under Brig. Gen.
910:James B. Ricketts
905:Charles S. Winder
865: Confederate
765:Initial movements
727:Shenandoah Valley
715:Gustavus W. Smith
667:Charles S. Winder
655:Theophilus Holmes
597:); and McDowell (
579:Samuel D. Sturgis
481:Manassas Junction
372:
371:
291:
290:
109:
108:
32:Manassas campaign
16:(Redirected from
5421:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5349:
5339:
5338:
5162:Native Americans
5147:German Americans
4940:Partisan rangers
4935:Official Records
4875:
4874:
4858:
4857:
4750:memorials to Lee
4697:
4696:
4258:
4257:
4247:
4246:
4034:
4033:
3831:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3811:
3810:
3784:Washington, D.C.
3578:Indian Territory
3538:Dakota Territory
3496:
3495:
3413:Chancellorsville
3204:Jackson's Valley
3194:Blockade runners
3070:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3034:
3033:
2994:Thaddeus Stevens
2984:Lysander Spooner
2944:Susan B. Anthony
2746:
2745:
2735:
2734:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2668:
2637:
2617:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2593:. Archived from
2575:
2555:
2540:
2509:
2488:
2478:
2463:
2434:
2404:
2386:
2374:
2339:
2319:
2299:
2279:
2259:
2239:
2224:"Cedar Mountain"
2219:
2217:
2215:
2194:
2167:
2139:
2119:
2104:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2058:
2043:
2016:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1962:
1947:
1920:
1893:
1866:
1846:
1831:
1798:
1759:Eicher, David J.
1754:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1676:Alexander (1989)
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1580:
1574:
1571:Robertson (1997)
1567:Hotchkiss (1973)
1564:
1558:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1514:
1508:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1466:
1460:
1457:, p. 835-36
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1421:, p. 36-37.
1412:
1406:
1394:
1388:
1380:
1374:
1373:, p. 90-93.
1359:Glatthaar (2008)
1352:
1346:
1332:
1326:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1271:
1265:
1260:Official Records
1258:U.S. War Dept.,
1255:
1249:
1243:
1227:Notes/References
1183:Army of Virginia
1152:
1042:Thoroughfare Gap
1028:Richard S. Ewell
1024:George W. Taylor
985:George W. Taylor
973:Fitz-John Porter
923:turning movement
870:
864:
798:Henry W. Halleck
782:Ambrose Burnside
755:prisoners of war
703:Lafayette McLaws
669:) and Maj. Gen.
663:John B. Magruder
630:Ambrose Burnside
614:George D. Bayard
608:and Brig. Gens.
519:
495:on September 1.
485:Washington, D.C.
477:James Longstreet
442:Army of Virginia
433:, and defeating
431:Washington, D.C.
354:Thoroughfare Gap
349:Manassas Station
329:
327:
317:
310:
303:
294:
293:
240:
226:
216:
206:
195:
187:Army of Virginia
185:
166:
156:
139:
137:
136:
126:
124:
123:
78:
77:
63:
43:
42:
21:
5429:
5428:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5394:
5393:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5355:
5319:
5303:
5188:
5152:Irish Americans
5130:
5075:
4984:
4975:U.S. Home Guard
4915:Field artillery
4869:
4868:
4844:
4786:
4761:
4723:
4692:
4686:
4578:Civil War Trust
4545:
4539:
4427:Ethnic violence
4412:Kirk–Holden war
4291:
4252:
4229:
4163:
4021:
3965:
3818:
3793:
3747:
3500:
3487:
3318:
3299:Sherman's March
3279:Bermuda Hundred
3174:
3129:
3101:
3057:
3056:
3020:
2979:J. Sella Martin
2949:James G. Birney
2925:
2843:
2769:Bleeding Kansas
2757:
2740:
2729:
2724:
2686:Wayback Machine
2675:
2657:
2626:
2615:
2600:
2598:
2564:
2553:
2529:
2506:
2476:
2452:
2423:
2384:
2363:
2347:
2345:Further reading
2342:
2213:
2211:
2183:
2128:
2117:
2101:
2079:
2077:
2067:
2056:
2032:
2005:
1983:
1981:
1971:
1960:
1936:
1909:
1882:
1855:
1844:
1820:
1787:
1743:
1723:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1688:Hennessy (1992)
1686:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1587:Esposito (1959)
1581:
1577:
1565:
1561:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1521:Esposito (1959)
1519:, p. 322;
1515:
1511:
1506:
1505:, p. 35-51
1503:Hennessy (1992)
1499:Esposito (1959)
1497:, p. 322;
1493:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1469:Esposito (1959)
1467:
1463:
1458:
1453:, p. 106;
1447:Hennessy (1992)
1443:Esposito (1959)
1441:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1415:Hennessy (1992)
1413:
1409:
1404:
1403:, p. 45-46
1397:Esposito (1959)
1395:
1391:
1386:
1383:Esposito (1959)
1381:
1377:
1367:Hennessy (1992)
1365:, p. 106;
1353:
1349:
1339:Hennessy (1992)
1337:, p. 318;
1333:
1329:
1319:Hennessy (1992)
1317:, p. 318;
1313:
1309:
1303:Hennessy (1992)
1301:
1297:
1291:Hennessy (1992)
1289:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1233:
1229:
1147:
1132:
1108:
1102:
1077:
1063:
1050:
1044:
1019:Bristoe Station
1015:
1001:
960:
946:
918:
901:
895:
872:
868:
866:
862:
854:
849:
835:
830:
816:
811:
809:Opposing forces
767:
735:Charlottesville
723:
683:James L. Kemper
564:John C. Frémont
553:Western Theater
549:Abraham Lincoln
542:
532:
526:
521:
517:
508:
381:Virginia (1862)
375:
374:
373:
368:
330:
325:
323:
321:
287:
285:
283:
275:
273:
271:
134:
132:
121:
119:
97:
64:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5427:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5343:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5299:Women soldiers
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5254:Naming the war
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4890:Campaign Medal
4887:
4881:
4879:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4865:Related topics
4862:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4703:
4701:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4593:Decoration Day
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4549:
4547:
4546:Reconstruction
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4400:second inquiry
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4364:
4357:Homestead Acts
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4305:Alabama Claims
4301:
4299:
4297:Reconstruction
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4285:15th Amendment
4282:
4280:14th Amendment
4277:
4275:13th Amendment
4266:
4264:
4254:
4253:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3906:J. E. Johnston
3903:
3901:A. S. Johnston
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3841:R. H. Anderson
3837:
3835:
3828:
3820:
3819:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3703:South Carolina
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3678:North Carolina
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3403:Fredericksburg
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3343:Wilson's Creek
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3155:Lower Seaboard
3152:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3011:Harriet Tubman
3008:
3007:
3006:
2999:Charles Sumner
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2834:States' rights
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2742:
2741:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2674:
2673:External links
2671:
2670:
2669:
2655:
2638:
2624:
2606:
2576:
2562:
2541:
2527:
2510:
2504:
2489:
2464:
2450:
2435:
2421:
2405:
2375:
2361:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2320:
2300:
2280:
2260:
2240:
2220:
2195:
2181:
2168:
2140:
2126:
2105:
2099:
2086:
2065:
2044:
2030:
2017:
2003:
1990:
1969:
1948:
1934:
1921:
1907:
1894:
1880:
1867:
1853:
1832:
1818:
1799:
1785:
1755:
1741:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1680:
1678:, p. 139.
1668:
1656:
1644:
1640:Brawner's Farm
1621:
1609:
1597:
1589:, p. 58;
1575:
1559:
1543:
1531:
1523:, p. 57;
1509:
1501:, p. 57;
1487:
1475:
1461:
1455:Welcher (1989)
1445:, p. 56;
1435:
1423:
1407:
1399:, p. 55;
1389:
1375:
1355:Freeman (1946)
1347:
1345:, p. 280.
1327:
1321:, p. 12;
1307:
1295:
1293:, p. 458.
1283:
1266:
1250:
1248:, p. 334.
1230:
1228:
1225:
1206:South Mountain
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1131:
1128:
1101:
1098:
1090:First Bull Run
1062:
1059:
1043:
1040:
1036:First Bull Run
1000:
997:
995:) that night.
945:
942:
917:
914:
894:
893:Cedar Mountain
891:
867:
861:
853:
850:
834:
831:
815:
812:
810:
807:
786:North Carolina
766:
763:
722:
719:
699:David R. Jones
659:Benjamin Huger
606:John Beardsley
568:Irvin McDowell
528:Main article:
525:
522:
509:
507:
504:
465:Cedar Mountain
370:
369:
367:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
339:Cedar Mountain
335:
332:
331:
320:
319:
312:
305:
297:
289:
288:
284:7,627 wounded;
282:(1,481 killed;
281:
276:
272:9,897 wounded;
270:(2,061 killed;
269:
263:
262:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
245:
244:
234:
233:
232:
231:
230:
220:
210:
189:
176:
175:
174:Units involved
171:
170:
160:
149:
148:
144:
143:
130:
116:
115:
111:
110:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
92:
90:
86:
85:
82:
74:
73:
56:
55:
48:
47:
41:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5426:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5392:
5389:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5342:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5269:Photographers
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5244:Gender issues
5242:
5240:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5072:
5071:War Democrats
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5061:Union Leagues
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4960:Turning point
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4930:Naval battles
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4758:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4693:and memorials
4689:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4553:Commemoration
4551:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4395:first inquiry
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4315:Carpetbaggers
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4286:
4283:
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4018:
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4008:
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4000:
3998:
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3993:
3990:
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3808:
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3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3738:West Virginia
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
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3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:New Hampshire
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:Massachusetts
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
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3516:
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3509:
3506:
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3503:
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3494:
3490:
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3471:
3469:
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3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3358:Hampton Roads
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3348:Fort Donelson
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3244:Morgan's Raid
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3189:Anaconda Plan
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:Pacific Coast
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3123:
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3118:
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3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3093:
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3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
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3077:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:Positive good
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2814:Panic of 1857
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:Border states
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2656:9780195221312
2652:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2625:9780275950545
2621:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2597:on 2011-04-08
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2563:9780811724388
2559:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2528:9780393047585
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2451:9780252062100
2447:
2443:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
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2390:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2362:9780809448043
2358:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2337:
2333:
2329:
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2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
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2289:
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2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2214:September 27,
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2182:9780253364531
2178:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2080:September 27,
2076:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2031:9780938289807
2027:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2004:9781841762302
2000:
1996:
1991:
1984:September 27,
1980:
1976:
1972:
1970:9780870741371
1966:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1935:9780671793685
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1908:9781606353844
1904:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1881:9780684827872
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1854:9780684187488
1850:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1786:0-7432-1846-9
1782:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1742:9780807818480
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1713:
1708:
1702:, p. 33.
1701:
1700:Martin (1996)
1696:
1689:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1592:
1591:Salmon (2001)
1588:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1535:
1526:
1525:Martin (1996)
1522:
1518:
1513:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1479:
1470:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1420:
1419:Martin (1996)
1416:
1411:
1402:
1401:Martin (1996)
1398:
1393:
1384:
1379:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1343:Martin (1996)
1341:, p. 6;
1340:
1336:
1331:
1324:
1323:Martin (1996)
1320:
1316:
1311:
1305:, p. 12.
1304:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:Harpers Ferry
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:Potomac River
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1120:Isaac Stevens
1117:
1116:Philip Kearny
1113:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1056:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1032:Joseph Hooker
1029:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1005:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:
950:
941:
939:
934:
932:
928:
927:Rapidan River
924:
913:
911:
906:
900:
890:
888:
878:
858:
848:
844:
840:
829:
825:
821:
806:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
778:Hampton Roads
775:
774:John S. Mosby
772:
762:
758:
756:
752:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
679:Cadmus Wilcox
676:
672:
671:Richard Ewell
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
646:J.E.B. Stuart
641:
639:
638:Jesse L. Reno
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:John P. Hatch
607:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
550:
547:
541:
537:
531:
520:
514:
503:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:Robert E. Lee
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
387:
379:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
333:
328:
318:
313:
311:
306:
304:
299:
298:
295:
280:
277:
268:
265:
264:
259:
255:
252:
251:
246:
243:
239:
235:
229:
225:
221:
219:
215:
211:
209:
205:
201:
200:
198:
194:
190:
188:
184:
180:
179:
178:
177:
172:
169:
168:Robert E. Lee
165:
161:
159:
155:
151:
150:
145:
142:
131:
129:
118:
117:
112:
104:
101:
100:
96:
91:
88:
87:
83:
80:
79:
75:
71:
70:Robert E. Lee
67:
62:
57:
54:
49:
44:
37:
33:
19:
5361:
5210:Bibliography
5193:Other topics
5135:By ethnicity
5103:
5056:Trent Affair
4955:Signal Corps
4812:
4535:White League
4422:Ku Klux Klan
4335:Confederados
4262:Constitution
4134:D. D. Porter
3987:Breckinridge
3698:Rhode Island
3693:Pennsylvania
3448:Spotsylvania
3408:Stones River
3388:2nd Bull Run
3338:1st Bull Run
3224:Stones River
3213:
3125:Marine Corps
3092:Marine Corps
2931:Abolitionism
2918:
2871:
2646:
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2595:the original
2581:
2549:
2518:
2494:
2472:
2440:
2412:
2380:
2352:
2336:the original
2327:
2316:the original
2307:
2296:the original
2287:
2276:the original
2267:
2256:the original
2247:
2236:the original
2227:
2212:. Retrieved
2208:the original
2203:
2172:
2147:
2113:
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2052:
2021:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1956:
1925:
1898:
1871:
1840:
1804:
1771:
1732:
1721:Bibliography
1707:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1578:
1562:
1552:
1546:
1534:
1512:
1490:
1478:
1471:, p. 56
1464:
1451:Sears (1992)
1438:
1431:Harsh (1998)
1426:
1410:
1392:
1385:, p. 54
1378:
1363:Harsh (1998)
1350:
1330:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1278:
1269:
1259:
1253:
1214:
1187:
1173:. Maj. Gen.
1163:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1137:
1133:
1109:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1051:
1026:. Maj. Gen.
1016:
971:, Maj. Gen.
961:
935:
919:
902:
883:
794:Malvern Hill
768:
759:
747:
743:Rufus King's
724:
691:John B. Hood
685:. Maj. Gen.
642:
583:Jacob D. Cox
562:: Maj. Gen.
557:
543:
516:
511:
497:
461:Gordonsville
446:
402:
398:
394:
392:
359:2nd Bull Run
278:
266:
114:Belligerents
51:Part of the
5383: /
5016:Copperheads
4728:Confederate
4620:Black Codes
3946:E. K. Smith
3827:Confederate
3774:New Orleans
3769:Chattanooga
3633:Mississippi
3533:Connecticut
3501:territories
3492:Involvement
3453:Cold Harbor
3443:Fort Pillow
3433:Chattanooga
3428:Chickamauga
3378:Seven Pines
3368:New Orleans
3333:Fort Sumter
3274:Valley 1864
3107:Confederacy
2904:Slave Power
2884:Fire-Eaters
2554:(Hardcover)
2244:"Chantilly"
2118:(Hardcover)
1262:, Vol. 12/1
1192:and invade
1094:Centreville
1055:Gainesville
871: Union
833:Confederate
587:Franz Sigel
415:Confederate
5398:Categories
5371:77°31′17″W
5368:38°48′45″N
5249:Juneteenth
4770:Cemeteries
4647:Red Shirts
4558:Centennial
4508:Red Shirts
3916:Longstreet
3846:Beauregard
3789:Winchester
3764:Charleston
3733:Washington
3668:New Mexico
3663:New Jersey
3523:California
3499:States and
3483:Five Forks
3468:Mobile Bay
3438:Wilderness
3418:Gettysburg
3398:Perryville
3383:Seven Days
3314:Appomattox
3239:Gettysburg
3199:New Mexico
3066:Combatants
3041:Combatants
2954:John Brown
2665:1136147162
2634:1193365637
2601:2010-08-04
2537:1001976604
2505:0395740126
2485:1085324715
2422:091599285X
2393:B01BUFJ76Q
2127:0899197906
2100:0811728684
2075:1151321680
1917:1089908147
1863:1035890441
1751:1053980665
751:guerrillas
649:properly.
576:Brig. Gen.
506:Background
5227:Espionage
5021:Diplomacy
4989:Political
4945:POW camps
4691:Monuments
4518:Scalawags
4513:Redeemers
4251:Aftermath
4200:Pinkerton
4139:Rosecrans
4104:McClellan
4007:Memminger
3743:Wisconsin
3708:Tennessee
3628:Minnesota
3603:Louisiana
3478:Nashville
3423:Vicksburg
3353:Pea Ridge
3304:Carolinas
3259:Red River
3254:Knoxville
3234:Tullahoma
3229:Vicksburg
3209:Peninsula
3181:campaigns
3047:Campaigns
2824:Secession
2591:644264587
2572:814411747
2460:924976443
2371:733726003
2191:799063447
2013:843344073
1979:562307122
1890:144767946
1795:892938160
1130:Aftermath
1100:Chantilly
969:III Corps
790:A.P. Hill
739:Lynchburg
707:D.H. Hill
675:A.P. Hill
599:III Corps
546:President
438:John Pope
435:Maj. Gen.
364:Chantilly
208:III Corps
158:John Pope
93:Northern
66:John Pope
5341:Category
5182:Seminole
5172:Cherokee
4925:Medicine
4878:Military
4791:Veterans
4625:Jim Crow
4390:timeline
4185:Ericsson
4168:Civilian
4149:Sheridan
4109:McDowell
4069:Farragut
4054:Burnside
4044:Anderson
4037:Military
4017:Stephens
3977:Benjamin
3970:Civilian
3856:Buchanan
3834:Military
3779:Richmond
3728:Virginia
3673:New York
3648:Nebraska
3638:Missouri
3623:Michigan
3613:Maryland
3598:Kentucky
3573:Illinois
3548:Delaware
3528:Colorado
3513:Arkansas
3473:Franklin
3393:Antietam
3264:Overland
3219:Maryland
3138:Theaters
3044:Theaters
2682:Archived
2645:(2004).
2547:(1959).
2517:(eds.).
2470:(1898).
2431:33147466
2411:(1995).
2146:(1885).
2136:34006957
2111:(1992).
2050:(1997).
2040:35198720
1944:26095816
1838:(1946).
1828:60298522
1769:(2001).
1551:Collie.
1210:Antietam
1194:Maryland
1150:greatest
993:Marshall
981:VI Corps
803:IV Corps
634:IX Corps
595:II Corps
473:Richmond
440:and his
417:General
407:Virginia
248:Strength
228:IX Corps
95:Virginia
89:Location
5308:Related
5177:Choctaw
5167:Catawba
4950:Rations
4895:Cavalry
4757:Removal
4385:efforts
4369:of 1873
4215:Stevens
4210:Stanton
4195:Lincoln
4154:Sherman
4089:Halleck
4079:Frémont
4064:Du Pont
4002:Mallory
3961:Wheeler
3896:Jackson
3876:Forrest
3816:Leaders
3759:Atlanta
3723:Vermont
3643:Montana
3583:Indiana
3558:Georgia
3553:Florida
3518:Arizona
3508:Alabama
3458:Atlanta
3373:Corinth
3325:battles
3269:Atlanta
3249:Bristoe
3150:Western
3145:Eastern
3050:Battles
2849:Slavery
2753:Origins
2739:Origins
2401:8697590
2328:nps.gov
2308:nps.gov
2288:nps.gov
2268:nps.gov
2248:nps.gov
2228:nps.gov
1631:,
1141:wrote:
977:V Corps
591:I Corps
425:in the
218:V Corps
5351:Portal
5289:Tokens
4225:Welles
4205:Seward
4190:Hamlin
4159:Thomas
4094:Hooker
4059:Butler
4012:Seddon
3997:Hunter
3982:Bocock
3956:Taylor
3951:Stuart
3941:Semmes
3921:Morgan
3881:Gorgas
3861:Cooper
3752:Cities
3688:Oregon
3653:Nevada
3593:Kansas
3563:Hawaii
3463:Crater
3363:Shiloh
3323:Major
3309:Mobile
3179:Major
3053:States
3004:Caning
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1473:Map 56
1279:16,054
1208:, and
869:
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826:, and
737:, and
661:, and
624:, and
267:16,843
256:48,500
253:75,000
138:
125:
102:Result
5094:Dixie
5081:Music
4700:Union
4544:Post-
4380:trial
4180:Chase
4175:Adams
4144:Scott
4119:Meigs
4114:Meade
4084:Grant
4074:Foote
4049:Buell
4030:Union
3992:Davis
3936:Price
3926:Mosby
3871:Ewell
3866:Early
3851:Bragg
3713:Texas
3608:Maine
3568:Idaho
3074:Union
2616:(PDF)
2477:(PDF)
2385:(PDF)
2057:(PDF)
1961:(PDF)
1845:(PDF)
931:flank
814:Union
771:Capt.
721:Plans
279:9,197
5279:Salt
4885:Arms
4735:List
4707:List
4220:Wade
4129:Pope
4099:Hunt
3931:Polk
3891:Hood
3886:Hill
3718:Utah
3683:Ohio
3588:Iowa
3120:Navy
3115:Army
3087:Navy
3082:Army
2661:OCLC
2651:ISBN
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2620:ISBN
2587:OCLC
2568:OCLC
2558:ISBN
2533:OCLC
2523:ISBN
2500:ISBN
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2446:ISBN
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2389:ASIN
2367:OCLC
2357:ISBN
2216:2017
2187:OCLC
2177:ISBN
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2132:OCLC
2122:ISBN
2095:ISBN
2082:2017
2071:OCLC
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2026:ISBN
2009:OCLC
1999:ISBN
1986:2017
1975:OCLC
1965:ISBN
1940:OCLC
1930:ISBN
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1849:ISBN
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1737:ISBN
1555:2017
1118:and
701:and
681:and
612:and
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538:and
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