22:
373:
344:, being charged with "seditiously contriving, devising, and intending to stir up and incite discontent and sedition among His Majesty's subjects." The crime of seditious libel had been defined 200 years prior to the time of Howe's trial and was seen by many as an unfair crime as it could be as broad or as specific as the court chose.
151:
in 1824. Young had a very respectable circulation due to the ability of him and his writers as well as the great newspaper industry emerging at the time. Towards the end of 1827, Young was showing waning interest in the running of his newspaper, because he wanted to become a lawyer, so on
January 3,
270:
was the first newspaper in Nova Scotia and one of the first newspapers in all of
British North America to give regular reports on what went on within the House of Assembly. This was monumental for the citizens of Nova Scotia and for British North America as a whole. It was Howe's opinion without
283:
was the cutting edge of the time when it came to the development of political conversation. This was because Howe was the first to give regular reports on the House of
Assembly and opened up his newspaper to the voices of the public through letters. Also, the
225:
s readers an insight into the
Western part of their own country. The series ran until October 9, 1828. From December 1829 until August, 1831, Howe "Eastern Rambles", a series that presented a perspective from the Eastern part of British North America.
70:
took control of it in 1827, establishing the paper's motto: "The free constitution which guards the
British press." Published as a weekly, the paper played a key role in the intellectual and political life of Nova Scotia. A letter published in the
257:
During the late 1820s and early 1830s, as newspapers grew so did their confidence in terms of the reporting of political events, embracing the concept of public argument and conversation over political issues. It was during this time that the
359:
following the acquittal, Howe claimed that "the press of Nova-Scotia is Free." It is said that Howe's libel victory established the fundamental basis for the freedom of the press in Canada, but other scholars have offered contrary opinions.
221:, because he had started it with almost no politics or editorial commentary. There were, however, some interesting submissions which had shown some promise. On July 24, 1828 Howe introduced "Western Rambles", a series which gave the
210:; it was his mission to, "furnish the readers all that properly came under the heading of news, whether British, Colonial, American, or European." Howe wanted to get all of the news to the people. He did not want the
339:
This letter accused the magistrates of "reprehensible irresponsibility, incompetence, and self-interestedness in the conduct of their responsibilities." Because the letter was published, Howe was put on trial for
351:
would have been shut down. Howe represented himself in the trial and presented nothing but a 6 h 15 min speech against the charge. The jury took 10 min to decide to acquit Howe on the charge of criminal libel.
275:
s reports on the legislative assembly, British North
America would have limited knowledge of what went on in the meetings in which decisions were made that directly affected all British North Americans.
167:
was poor. Many of its readers withdrew their subscriptions, believing that Howe was too young, unskilled and inexperienced to run a newspaper. Howe indeed was only 23 years old when he purchased the
332:
that he was going to start a campaign in the interest of bringing to light the wrongful actions of government. On
January 1, 1835, the final piece of this campaign was published in the
306:
as the most radical newspaper in Nova Scotia. This increase in political involvement climaxed on
January 1, 1835, when Howe published a letter, signed 'The People', in the
250:
the
Constitution." This showed that Howe wanted his newspaper to be nonpartisan in all matters, which was unique compared to the other newspapers printed at the time. The
175:
since he was 13 years old, and during the months he could not go to school he had books to study, and his father, who for many years worked in the offices of the
290:
801:
254:
would support the
Government in their actions if they were right for doing so, and would warn the People when the actions of the Government were not proper.
791:
171:
and had had no regular education as it had not been possible for him to walk to school in the winter. However, Howe had been working in the office of the
781:
663:
26:
288:, despite all of the political discussion and criticism that would be published, it was not the most radical newspaper in Nova Scotia at the time:
439:. It was discontinued in the 1920s after years of dwindling circulation following a change of its political allegiances to the Union Government.
114:. It was discontinued in the 1920s after years of dwindling circulation following a change of its political allegiances to the Union Government.
238:
started to become more politically involved in the following couple of years, gaining significant influence as it went. The title page of the
324:
During the year 1834, Howe was starting to attract attention to himself due to his strong independent viewpoints in his editorials in the
811:
796:
763:
328:, the Government was starting to take notice. Howe had eventually reached his breaking point and in late 1834, wrote in the
199:
Howe travelled all over inland districts and to seaport towns, taking in the surroundings and making many acquaintances.
786:
262:
evolved into the outspoken and combative newspaper that it was. On July 8, 1829, Howe introduced a section in the
75:
in 1835 led to charges of libel against Howe. When acquitted, he proclaimed: "the Press of Nova Scotia is free."
806:
294:
was even more critical and daring in their discussion of political issues. This was beneficial to Howe and the
298:
because it meant that he was less likely to be targeted by the government for charges of libel. However, the
719:
Campbell, Lyndsay M. (2006). "Licence to Publish: Joseph Howe's Contribution to Libel Law in Nova Scotia".
193:
Howe reported on the debates in the House of Assembly and important trials in the courts with his own hand.
408:
319:
83:
206:
It was with this gained knowledge that Howe moved to shape his newspaper. Howe had a vision for the
448:
123:
384:
355:
The victory of Howe in the court was considered monumental at the time. In the first issue of the
214:
to have an affiliation with any one political party or government because it was for the people.
21:
52:
202:
Howe read political literature of all countries which expressed their opinions in English.
8:
734:
The Speeches and Public Letters of Joseph Howe (Based upon Mr. Annand's Edition of 1858)
714:, vol. 3, Acadiensis: Journal of the History of the Atlantic Region, pp. 27–44
217:
Howe's critics would have appeared to have been correct during the first year of Howe's
752:
453:
148:
128:
44:
759:
176:
407:
became the leading provincial newspaper in the 1840s. A well-known contributor was
82:
became the leading provincial newspaper in the 1840s. A well-known contributor was
424:
341:
99:
415:. Howe's entry into politics necessitated selling the paper. Nevertheless, the
90:. Howe's entry into politics necessitated selling the paper. Nevertheless, the
775:
196:
Howe was in a position to mingle with nearly all the public men of the day.
186:, due to his willingness to travel, network and expand his own knowledge:
157:
67:
48:
372:
428:
420:
103:
95:
412:
87:
40:
446:
is still in use. It is now printed as a human interest section of
121:
is still in use. It is now printed as a human interest section of
51:, Canada. It became one of the most influential voices in the
758:, Kentville: Gaspereau Press Ltd. Printers & Publishers,
736:, vol. 1, Halifax: The Chronicle Publishing Company Ltd.
313:
179:
and Postmaster-General of the Lower Provinces, to talk to.
190:
Howe read British, foreign, and colonial newspapers daily.
310:
that denounced the current local magistrates of Halifax.
160:
for 1050 pounds, making Howe the sole editor and owner.
745:, vol. 85, Manitoba: The Beaver, pp. 11–12
347:If Howe had been convicted of seditious libel, the
242:always read the same motto, "The Constitution, the
754:Joseph Howe & The Battle for Freedom of Speech
751:
229:
182:Howe overcame the difficulties he faced with the
55:colonies in its nearly one century of existence.
773:
712:"A Fool for a Client": The Trial of Joseph Howe
411:, creator of the immensely popular character,
134:
86:, creator of the immensely popular character
802:Newspapers published in Halifax, Nova Scotia
584:
582:
580:
578:
403:With a circulation of 3000 subscribers, the
78:With a circulation of 3000 subscribers, the
792:Defunct newspapers published in Nova Scotia
650:
648:
782:Weekly newspapers published in Nova Scotia
515:
513:
511:
509:
499:
497:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
431:of 20,000. Later it was published as the
314:Joseph Howe's criminal libel trial of 1835
106:of 20,000. Later it was published as the
705:, Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Limited
675:
673:
671:
575:
550:
548:
546:
163:The initial reaction to Howe running the
731:
718:
645:
536:
534:
20:
506:
494:
470:
774:
740:
682:
668:
543:
557:
531:
749:
709:
700:
367:
266:entitled "Legislative Reviews". The
437:Nova Scotia's Farm and Home Journal
112:Nova Scotia's Farm and Home Journal
13:
812:1824 establishments in Nova Scotia
363:
29:, Prince St., Halifax, Nova Scotia
14:
823:
703:Joseph Howe: Voice of Nova Scotia
732:Chisholm, Joseph Andrew (1909),
423:voice in the province until the
371:
336:, a letter signed "The People".
98:voice in the province until the
16:Newspaper in Nova Scotia, Canada
657:
636:
627:
618:
609:
600:
591:
797:Newspapers established in 1824
741:Rosner, Cecil (Feb–Mar 2005),
694:
566:
522:
230:Political influence, 1832-1835
66:by George R. Young, in 1824.
1:
459:
139:The paper was founded as the
58:The paper was founded as the
25:Novascotian Building (1862),
464:
302:folded in 1834, leaving the
7:
750:Saul, John Ralston (2006),
743:Free Speech and Joseph Howe
10:
828:
409:Thomas Chandler Haliburton
320:Libel trial of Joseph Howe
317:
135:The early years, 1824-1831
84:Thomas Chandler Haliburton
787:Defunct weekly newspapers
721:The Dalhousie Law Journal
710:Beck, J. Murray (1974),
701:Beck, J. Murray (1964),
807:Culture of Nova Scotia
53:British North American
30:
24:
449:The Chronicle-Herald
291:The Colonial Patriot
124:The Chronicle-Herald
427:, reaching a peak
383:. You can help by
246:Constitution, and
152:1828, he sold the
149:George Renny Young
102:, reaching a peak
31:
765:978-1-55447-018-1
554:Beck (1964), 206.
401:
400:
819:
768:
757:
746:
737:
728:
715:
706:
689:
688:Beck (1974), 39.
686:
680:
677:
666:
661:
655:
652:
643:
640:
634:
633:Beck (1974), 31.
631:
625:
622:
616:
613:
607:
606:Campbell, 88-89.
604:
598:
597:Beck (1964), 24.
595:
589:
586:
573:
570:
564:
563:Beck (1964), 22.
561:
555:
552:
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540:Beck (1964), 23.
538:
529:
526:
520:
517:
504:
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492:
489:
396:
393:
375:
368:
300:Colonial Patriot
827:
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772:
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664:Seditious Libel
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528:Beck (1964), 3.
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495:
490:
471:
467:
462:
425:First World War
397:
391:
388:
381:needs expansion
366:
364:1840 to present
342:seditious libel
322:
316:
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145:Colonial Herald
137:
100:First World War
64:Colonial Herald
27:Founders Square
17:
12:
11:
5:
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318:Main article:
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204:
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177:King's Printer
136:
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15:
9:
6:
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3:
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727:(79): 79–116.
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676:
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651:
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642:Campbell, 80.
639:
630:
621:
612:
603:
594:
588:Campbell, 88.
585:
583:
581:
579:
572:Campbell, 87.
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452:newspaper of
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392:December 2011
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379:This section
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173:Royal Gazette
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161:
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155:
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146:
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132:
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127:newspaper of
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115:
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109:
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101:
97:
93:
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43:published in
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38:
37:
28:
23:
19:
753:
742:
733:
724:
720:
711:
702:
684:
659:
638:
629:
620:
615:Chisholm, 7.
611:
602:
593:
568:
559:
524:
447:
443:
441:
436:
433:Nova Scotian
432:
416:
404:
402:
389:
385:adding to it
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356:
354:
348:
346:
338:
333:
329:
325:
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307:
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299:
295:
289:
285:
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273:Novascotian'
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243:
239:
235:
233:
223:Novascotian'
222:
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108:Nova Scotian
107:
91:
79:
77:
72:
63:
60:Nova Scotian
59:
57:
35:
34:
32:
18:
695:Works cited
654:Rosner, 12.
624:Rosner, 11.
519:Chisolm, 4.
503:Chisolm, 2.
491:Chisolm, 3.
444:Novascotian
429:circulation
419:remained a
417:Novascotian
405:Novascotian
357:Novascotian
349:Novascotian
334:Novascotian
330:Novascotian
326:Novascotian
308:Novascotian
304:Novascotian
296:Novascotian
286:Novascotian
281:Novascotian
268:Novascotian
264:Novascotian
260:Novascotian
252:Novascotian
248:nothing but
240:Novascotian
236:Novascotian
219:Novascotian
212:Novascotian
208:Novascotian
184:Novascotian
169:Novascotian
165:Novascotian
158:Joseph Howe
154:Novascotian
141:Novascotian
119:Novascotian
104:circulation
94:remained a
92:Novascotian
80:Novascotian
73:Novascotian
68:Joseph Howe
49:Nova Scotia
36:Novascotian
776:Categories
460:References
679:Saul, 10.
465:Footnotes
442:The name
435:and then
413:Sam Slick
117:The name
110:and then
88:Sam Slick
41:newspaper
454:Halifax
421:liberal
129:Halifax
96:liberal
45:Halifax
762:
39:was a
244:whole
760:ISBN
279:The
271:the
234:The
33:The
387:.
156:to
147:by
143:or
62:or
778::
725:29
723:.
670:^
647:^
577:^
545:^
533:^
508:^
496:^
472:^
456:.
131:.
47:,
394:)
390:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
