32:
1325:
Origines
Kalendariae Italicae, Nundinal Calendars of Ancient Italy, Nundinal Calendar of Romulus, Calendar of Numa Pompilius, Calendar of the Decemvirs, Irregular Roman Calendar, and Julian Correction. Tables of the Roman Calendar, from U.C. 4 of Varro B.C. 750 to U.C. 1108 A.D.
890:
sent from three different celestial regions. The first of these, mild or "perforating" lightning, is a beneficial form meant to persuade or dissuade. The other two types are harmful or "crushing" lightning, for which
Jupiter requires the approval of the
1023:, as translated by Harold Mattingly (London, 1938), pp. 110–112: "I pass deliberately over several other objections that may be raised against Wissowa's interpretation, because they would demand a long excursus".
1406:
In secunda itidem mansitabant praeter domum Iovis, quae ibi quoque sublimis est, ut est in omnibus praediatus, Quirinus Mars, Lars
Militaris; Juno etiam ibi domicilium possidebat, Fons etiam, Lymphae diique
449:
are nine in number, leading to both ancient and modern identifications with other divine collectives numbering nine, such as the nine
Etruscan deities empowered to wield thunder or with the
810:
and religion. Numa had established a bronze shrine at the fountain in their grove, the site of his divine union with Egeria. The fountain of the
Camenae was a source of water for the
558:, archaic aspects of the prayer suggest that it represents a traditional formulary as might be preserved in the official pontifical books. The other deities invoked — among them the
904:
Several scholars have identified the
Novensiles with the council of gods who decide on the use of the third, most destructive type of lightning. Carl Thulin proposed that two
872:
mentions nine gods of the
Etruscans who had the power of wielding thunderbolts, pointing toward Martianus's Novensiles as gods pertaining to the use of thunder and lightning
288:
1229:(Paulist Press, 1975), p. 368, note 224 (where he errs in giving the year of Piso's consulship as 233 rather than 133 BC); possible identifications discussed in
882:, the body of Etruscan religious and divinatory teachings. Within the Etruscan discipline, Jupiter has the power to wield three types of admonitory lightning
670:
and Sabine country, and that he was drawing on personal knowledge. The father of this Piso is probably the L. Calpurnius who dedicated a shrine to
31:
574:
at length because "the memory of every human and religious custom has withered from a preference for everything novel and foreign." That the
627:
281:
1008:
878:
1088:
1296:
206:
41:
274:
1054:
885:
262:
110:
468:
It may be that only the cults of deities considered indigenous were first established within the sacred boundary of Rome (
1576:
529:
521:
228:
201:
570:— belong to the earliest religious traditions of Rome. Livy even explains that he will record the archaic ritual of
1251:
211:
1644:
1103:
763:
1275:
1552:
1394:
1338:
1287:
1183:(University of Illinois Press, 2006), pp. 7–8; William Francis Allen, "The Religion of the Ancient Romans," in
1481:
The description of the three types of lightning as "perforating," "crushing," and "burning" is
Weinstock's,
397:
as a fundamental way to classify Roman gods, the distinction is hard to maintain; many scholars reject it.
618:, like the Lares and Manes, may be "concerned with the subterranean world where ancestors were sleeping."
494:
observed that at any rate a distinction between "indigenous" and "imported" begins to vanish during the
585:
Both the Lares and the Manes are "native" gods often regarded in ancient sources as the deified dead.
1654:
1453:
1231:
Berichte über die
Verhandlungen der königlich sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig
786:
goddesses of fresh-water sources and prophetic inspiration. The two best-known of the
Camenae were
586:
302:
90:
19:
1659:
1424:
842:
662:— are in Sabine territory. Gary Forsythe has conjectured that Piso's family came from the middle
542:) to offer himself as a sacrifice to the infernal gods when a battle between the Romans and the
1649:
1568:
1202:
sane quidam veteres deos novensiles dicunt, quibus merita virtutis dederint numinis dignitatem.
442:
238:
614:
notes other authorities who also regarded them as mortals who became gods. In this light, the
783:
543:
160:
100:
939:("Secret Gods of Favor") referred to by Martianus Capella. Martianus, however, locates the
775:
491:
255:
248:
694:
in his much-noted catalogue of Sabine deities. Inscriptions in Sabine country mention the
8:
608:
120:
95:
1527:
C.O. Thulin, "Die Goetter des Martianus Capella und der Bronzenleber von Piacenza," in
1502:
1437:
895:, and completely destructive or "burning" lighting, which requires the approval of the
799:
398:
1494:
1448:(University of Chicago Press, 1992), pp. 43–44; Stefan Weinstock, "Libri fulgurales,"
739:
1457:
1386:
912:— a bronze model of a sheep's liver covered with Etruscan inscriptions pertaining to
826:
818:
671:
418:
243:
876:
as signs. Books on how to read lightning were one of the three main branches of the
850:
659:
559:
177:
1214:
The Gods of Ancient Rome: Religion in Everyday Life from Archaic to Imperial Times
774:, implying that they are nine in number. In the Roman tradition, the Muses became
1393:(University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2006), p. 50
1385:
For a diagram combining the heavenly sphere of Martianus Capella and that of the
1160:
omnis divini humanique moris memoria abolevit nova peregrinaque omnia praeferendo
1099:
1081:
1065:
869:
759:
723:
655:
651:
643:
603:
334:
233:
78:
37:
61:
1535:
supplem. 1951, pp. 203-4; Gérard Capdeville, "Les dieux de Martianus Capella,"
909:
803:
735:
676:
495:
479:
380:
were deities the Romans regarded as imported, that is, not indigenous like the
182:
150:
1468:, "to have, hold." It is not apparently related to the more common Latin word
1638:
988:
475:
369:
189:
171:
130:
993:
Ancient Rome: From the Early Republic to the Assassination of Julius Caesar
897:
892:
663:
635:
533:
382:
73:
1291:
1.178; for full inscription as transcribed in Engelbert Joseph Schneider,
905:
1625:
213 (1996), pp. 260–262 and 273–274; see also Nancy Thomson de Grummond,
1596:
Martanus Capella, 1.45. For the passage in translation, see de Grummond,
1346:
Amsterdam 2009 p. 62 ; Emil Vetter, "Di Novensiles Di Indigetes" in
795:
555:
499:
498:, when immigrant deities are regularly invoked for the protection of the
414:
751:
520:
are invoked in a list of deities in a prayer formula preserved by the
913:
807:
787:
345:
330:
196:
1608:) in contrast to their destructive power; Iiro Kajanto, "Fortuna,"
1580:
1262:
Forsythe, "The Tribal Membership of the Calpurnii Pisones," p. 297.
1069:
731:
707:
654:, or one of the places called Trebula in antiquity, two of which —
646:
at Trebia. The location has been identified variously as the river
631:
611:
547:
470:
430:
145:
1053:, in the Teubner edition of Heinrich Keil, (Leipzig, 1874), p. 26
1605:
1342:
I.455; Vittore Pisani, (1943) p.253 as quoted by G. C. L. Bakkum
1242:
Gary Forsythe, "The Tribal Membership of the Calpurnii Pisones,"
1051:
Ars grammatica liber primus de orthographia et de metrica ratione
927:
811:
779:
667:
647:
538:
511:
858:
854:
791:
681:
551:
546:
has become desperate. Although Livy was writing at a time when
368:, "to settle". The enduringly influential 19th-century scholar
140:
135:
846:
771:
711:
687:
594:
567:
563:
450:
125:
67:
1531:(1906) pp. 34-40; A. Grenier, "Indigetes et Novensiles," in
1374:
Vestal Virgins, Sibyls, and Matrons: Women in Roman Religion
550:
cloaked religious innovation under appeals to old-fashioned
838:
758:
has been taken to refer to the Novensiles as nine deities.
525:
84:
1166:, (University of California Press, 1998), p. 41, note 125.
1361:
Desiring Rome: Male Subjectivity and Reading Ovid's Fast
833:, and took their name as meaning "nine." He locates the
329:
are collective deities of obscure significance found in
1548:
Thulin, "Die Goetter des Martianus Capella," pp. 34–40
1005:
De dis Romanorum indigetibus et novensidibus disputatio
1621:
Gérard Capdeville, "Les dieux de Martianus Capella,"
1328:(Oxford University Press, 1884), vol. 2, pp. 394–397.
1293:
Dialecti latinae priscae et faliscae exempla selecta
806:, the second king of Rome considered the founder of
1501:(Paris 1974), pp. 630 and 633 (note 3), drawing on
1314:: "to the Lords Novesede peace bringing sacrifice".
974:(Brill, 1969), vol. 1, p. 450; and "Roman Gods" in
947:and Penates, and the Novensiles in the second; the
578:would appear in such a list at all, and before the
1032:Arnaldo Momigliano, "From Bachofen to Cumont," in
642:were nine gods whose cult had been established in
978:(University of Chicago Press, 1981, 1992), p. 71.
1636:
1181:Indo-European Sacred Space: Vedic and Roman Cult
916:— ought to be identified with the two councils,
1529:Religiongeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten
1363:(The Ohio State University Press, 2006), p. 30.
1036:(University of California Press, 1994), p. 319.
626:According to Arnobius, a Piso, most likely the
562:of Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, as well as the
505:
1227:Arnobius of Sicca: The Case Against the Pagans
1034:A.D. Momigliano: Studies on Modern Scholarship
931:. The Novensiles would thus correspond to the
340:In antiquity, the initial element of the word
1629:(University of Texas Press, 2006), pp. 41–42.
1076:38–39; mentioned also, though not labeled as
282:
1472:meaning "booty (taken by a general in war)."
1452:19 (1951), p. 125. The word may be either a
1604:, "favoring" gods, is a euphemism (compare
1571:p. 219M = 114 edition of Lindsay; entry on
970:Robert Schilling, "The Roman Religion," in
389:Although Wissowa treated the categories of
360:has been explained as "new settlers," from
253:
187:
1610:Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt
1244:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
1175:Schilling, "Roman Gods," p. 70–71; Beard,
972:Historia Religionum: Religions of the Past
837:in the second region of the heavens, with
750:A 4th- or 3rd-century BC inscription from
409:as a dichotomy, and that the etymology of
289:
275:
1598:Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend
1391:Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend
1376:(University of Texas Press, 2008), p. 30.
943:in the first region of the sky, with the
829:-influenced celestial schema in his work
333:, prayer formulary, and both ancient and
1440:, "The Doctrine and Sacred Books of the
831:On the Marriage of Mercury and Philology
607:, their quality of character. The early
482:, but it is uncertain whether the terms
413:is far from settled. In his treatise on
1164:Spectacle and Society in Livy's History
864:
401:pointed out that no ancient text poses
1637:
1344:The Latin Dialect of the Ager Faliscus
901:(hidden gods of the "higher" sphere).
690:, who was himself Sabine, placed the
453:. The name is thus sometimes spelled
1450:Papers of the British School at Rome
46:sacrificing at the Temple of Jupiter
1248:A Handbook of Rome and Its Environs
582:, is surprising if they are "new."
13:
1579:; and Martianus Capella; see also
1123:, p. 450, and "Roman Gods," p. 70.
857:("Fountain" or "Source"), and the
229:Glossary of ancient Roman religion
14:
1671:
1623:Revue de l'histoire des religions
1612:II. 17.1 (1981), p. 507, note 18.
1537:Revue de l'histoire des religions
1389:, see Nancy Thomson De Grummond,
1460:or less likely a formation from
1250:(London, 1864, 7th ed.), p. 370
1149:(Routledge, 1987, 2002), p. 751.
621:
30:
1615:
1590:
1557:
1542:
1521:
1512:
1488:
1475:
1431:
1416:
1399:
1379:
1366:
1353:
1331:
1317:
1301:
1280:
1265:
1256:
1236:
1219:
1216:(Routledge, 1998, 2001), p. 97.
1206:
1190:
1177:Religions of Rome: A Sourcebook
1169:
1152:
1139:
1126:
1045:Marius Victorinus, the section
790:(or Carmenta), who had her own
745:
490:correspond to this topography.
445:. Some ancient sources say the
1446:Roman and European Mythologies
1113:
1093:
1059:
1039:
1026:
1013:
998:
981:
976:Roman and European Mythologies
964:
766:, Arnobius says, identify the
734:, the eight-day "week" of the
417:, the 4th-century philosopher
1:
1627:The Religion of the Etruscans
1499:La religion romaine archaïque
1007:(1892), full text (in Latin)
958:
1233:(1848), vol. 1, pp. 429–430.
1179:, p. 158; Roger D. Woodard,
506:The invocation of Decius Mus
7:
1348:Indogermanische Forschungen
1021:A History of Roman Religion
726:sought to connect the nine
722:. The 19th-century scholar
714:inscription also names the
528:. The prayer is uttered by
10:
1676:
995:(Routledge, 2005), p. 114.
593:are "old gods" who earned
530:Decius Mus (consul 340 BC)
509:
474:), with "new" gods on the
1563:Named as such by Seneca,
1312:Esos Novesede pesco pacre
933:di superiores et involuti
898:di superiores et involuti
861:(fresh-water goddesses).
638:in 133 BC, said that the
1539:213 (1996), pp. 269-274.
1106:, as cited by Arnobius,
920:with the Novensiles and
817:The 5th-century scholar
802:, the divine consort of
441:, characteristic of the
794:and in whose honor the
742:reckoned as nine days.
421:regarded the spellings
1645:Ancient Roman religion
1600:, pp. 45–46. The name
1295:(Leipzig, 1886), p. 7
1187:(Boston, 1890), p. 68.
730:of the Sabines to the
303:ancient Roman religion
254:
239:Ancient Greek religion
188:
1575:, p. 236 in the 1997
1533:Boletim de Philologia
1185:Essays and Monographs
628:Calpurnius Piso Frugi
510:Further information:
53:Practices and beliefs
1565:Naturales Questiones
1507:Naturales Questiones
1134:Religious Experience
865:Council on lightning
536:as part of his vow (
492:William Warde Fowler
256:Interpretatio Graeca
249:Gallo-Roman religion
1573:peremptalia fulgura
1372:Sarolta A. Takács,
1246:83 (1990), p. 297;
1162:; Andrew Feldherr,
1121:Historia Religionum
987:Matthew Dillon and
666:, on the border of
609:Christian apologist
348:from either "new" (
1518:Weinstock, p. 127.
1442:Disciplina Etrusca
1438:Massimo Pallottino
1136:, pp. 157 and 319.
879:disciplina Etrusca
740:inclusive counting
599:dignitatem numinis
399:Arnaldo Momigliano
91:funerary practices
1585:Adversus Nationes
1413:, pp. 45 and 151.
1359:Richard J. King,
1323:Edward Greswell,
1196:Servius, note to
937:Favores Opertanei
935:and possibly the
819:Martianus Capella
419:Marius Victorinus
372:thought that the
299:
298:
244:Etruscan religion
202:agricultural gods
101:mystery religions
47:
1667:
1655:Etruscan deities
1630:
1619:
1613:
1594:
1588:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1540:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1509:2.41.1–2 and 39.
1492:
1486:
1483:Libri fulgurales
1479:
1473:
1435:
1429:
1420:
1414:
1403:
1397:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1357:
1351:
1350:LXII (1956) p.1.
1335:
1329:
1321:
1315:
1305:
1299:
1284:
1278:
1273:De Lingua Latina
1269:
1263:
1260:
1254:
1240:
1234:
1223:
1217:
1210:
1204:
1194:
1188:
1173:
1167:
1156:
1150:
1143:
1137:
1130:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1097:
1091:
1063:
1057:
1043:
1037:
1030:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1002:
996:
985:
979:
968:
951:are perhaps the
845:, the "Military
704:dieu. nove. sede
702:, for instance,
660:Trebula Suffenas
601:) through their
337:literary texts.
291:
284:
277:
259:
193:
178:Capitoline Triad
36:
34:
24:
16:
15:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1620:
1616:
1595:
1591:
1577:Teubner edition
1562:
1558:
1547:
1543:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1495:Georges Dumézil
1493:
1489:
1480:
1476:
1436:
1432:
1425:Natural History
1421:
1417:
1409:: De Grummond,
1404:
1400:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1367:
1358:
1354:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1318:
1306:
1302:
1285:
1281:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1241:
1237:
1224:
1220:
1212:Robert Turcan,
1211:
1207:
1195:
1191:
1174:
1170:
1157:
1153:
1147:The Roman World
1144:
1140:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1114:
1108:Adversus gentes
1100:Granius Flaccus
1098:
1094:
1086:Natural History
1074:Adversus gentes
1064:
1060:
1047:De orthographia
1044:
1040:
1031:
1027:
1019:Franz Altheim,
1018:
1014:
1003:
999:
986:
982:
969:
965:
961:
867:
776:identified with
760:Granius Flaccus
748:
724:Edward Greswell
656:Trebula Mutusca
652:Trevi nel Lazio
624:
514:
508:
443:Sabine language
344:was thought to
335:early-Christian
295:
234:Roman mythology
216:
212:divine emperors
197:underworld gods
155:
151:Fratres Arvales
105:
48:
45:
38:Marcus Aurelius
22:
20:
12:
11:
5:
1673:
1663:
1662:
1660:Sabine deities
1657:
1652:
1647:
1632:
1631:
1614:
1589:
1556:
1541:
1520:
1511:
1487:
1474:
1464:, "hand," and
1430:
1415:
1398:
1387:Piacenza liver
1378:
1365:
1352:
1330:
1316:
1300:
1279:
1264:
1255:
1235:
1218:
1205:
1189:
1168:
1158:Livy, 8.11.1:
1151:
1138:
1125:
1112:
1092:
1068:, as noted by
1058:
1038:
1025:
1012:
997:
980:
962:
960:
957:
910:Piacenza Liver
866:
863:
823:Dii Novensiles
804:Numa Pompilius
798:was held, and
747:
744:
736:Roman calendar
732:nundinal cycle
677:Lucus Feroniae
644:Sabine country
623:
620:
589:says that the
556:traditionalism
507:
504:
496:Hannibalic War
480:Campus Martius
433:alteration of
297:
296:
294:
293:
286:
279:
271:
268:
267:
266:
265:
260:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
223:
222:
221:Related topics
218:
217:
215:
214:
209:
207:childhood gods
204:
199:
194:
185:
183:Aventine Triad
180:
175:
167:
164:
163:
157:
156:
154:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
117:
114:
113:
107:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
81:
76:
71:
64:
58:
55:
54:
50:
49:
35:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1672:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1650:Roman deities
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1411:Etruscan Myth
1408:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1259:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1225:M. Burghard,
1222:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1145:J.S. Wacher,
1142:
1135:
1129:
1122:
1116:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1035:
1029:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1006:
1001:
994:
990:
989:Lynda Garland
984:
977:
973:
967:
963:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
929:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
899:
894:
889:
887:
881:
880:
875:
871:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:Mars Quirinus
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
743:
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622:Sabine origin
619:
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583:
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569:
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560:Archaic Triad
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172:Dii Consentes
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25:
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1433:
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1410:
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1390:
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1373:
1368:
1360:
1355:
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1333:
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1146:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1120:
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1107:
1104:Aelius Stilo
1095:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1061:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1004:
1000:
992:
983:
975:
971:
966:
952:
948:
945:Di Consentes
944:
940:
936:
932:
925:
921:
917:
903:
896:
893:Di Consentes
883:
877:
873:
868:
834:
830:
822:
816:
767:
764:Aelius Stilo
755:
749:
746:Nine deities
727:
719:
718:without the
715:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
675:
664:Tiber Valley
639:
625:
615:
602:
598:
590:
584:
579:
575:
571:
537:
534:Samnite Wars
517:
515:
487:
483:
469:
467:
461:
460:
455:
454:
446:
438:
434:
429:as a simple
426:
422:
410:
406:
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394:
390:
388:
383:di Indigetes
381:
377:
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365:
361:
357:
356:). The form
353:
349:
341:
339:
331:inscriptions
325:
324:
319:
318:
313:
312:
307:
306:
300:
170:
83:
66:
42:head covered
23:ancient Rome
1119:Schilling,
955:, "Fates".
922:Thufltha(s)
825:within his
821:placed the
796:Carmentalia
756:neven deivo
738:that Roman
630:who was an
532:during the
415:orthography
111:Priesthoods
21:Religion in
1639:Categories
1567:2.41.1–2;
1456:word from
1407:Novensiles
1078:novensiles
959:References
926:Consentes
835:Novensiles
768:Novensiles
728:novensiles
716:novensiles
700:novensides
696:novensiles
692:Novensides
640:novensiles
616:novensiles
591:novensiles
576:novensiles
524:historian
518:novensiles
488:novensiles
478:or in the
462:Novemsides
456:Novemsiles
447:novensiles
427:novensides
423:novensiles
411:novensides
403:novensiles
395:novensiles
378:novensides
374:novensiles
358:novensides
342:novensiles
326:Novensides
320:Novensiles
121:Pontifices
1606:Eumenides
1550:et passim
1485:, p. 127.
1454:Latinized
924:with the
918:Cilens(l)
914:haruspicy
908:from the
874:(fulgura)
808:Roman law
788:Carmentis
770:with the
720:indigetes
580:indigetes
484:indigetes
407:indigetes
391:indigetes
79:festivals
1581:Arnobius
1470:manubiae
1458:Etruscan
1310:12.375.
1132:Fowler,
1070:Arnobius
1066:Manilius
906:theonyms
886:manubiae
827:Etruscan
754:reading
708:Pisaurum
632:annalist
612:Arnobius
597:status (
595:numinous
548:Augustus
522:Augustan
471:pomerium
431:phonetic
366:insidere
146:Epulones
141:Fetiales
136:Flamines
131:Vestales
62:libation
1602:Favores
1553:online.
1422:Pliny,
1395:online.
1297:online.
1271:Varro,
1252:online.
1200:8.187:
1055:online.
1009:online.
949:Favores
941:Favores
928:Penates
859:Lymphae
812:Vestals
780:Camenae
712:Marsian
672:Feronia
668:Etruria
648:Trebbia
587:Servius
572:devotio
539:devotio
512:Devotio
263:Decline
161:Deities
126:Augures
74:temples
1569:Festus
1503:Seneca
1466:habere
1198:Aeneid
800:Egeria
792:flamen
782:, the
682:Capena
636:consul
604:virtus
544:Latins
346:derive
311:(also
305:, the
1587:3.38.
1462:manus
1428:2.52.
1276:5.74.
1089:2.52.
1082:Pliny
1080:, by
1049:from
870:Pliny
784:Latin
772:Muses
752:Ardea
688:Varro
680:near
568:Manes
564:Lares
552:piety
500:state
451:Muses
362:novus
354:novem
350:novus
68:votum
1102:and
953:Fata
855:Fons
851:Juno
839:Jove
778:the
762:and
710:. A
658:and
634:and
566:and
554:and
526:Livy
516:The
486:and
437:and
425:and
405:and
393:and
364:and
85:ludi
1444:,"
1339:CIL
1326:355
1308:CIL
1288:CIL
1110:38.
849:,"
847:Lar
706:at
698:or
674:at
459:or
376:or
323:or
308:dii
301:In
1641::
1583:,
1505:,
1497:,
1084:,
1072:,
991:,
853:,
841:,
814:.
684:.
650:,
502:.
465:.
386:.
317:)
314:di
888:)
884:(
439:d
435:l
290:e
283:t
276:v
44:)
40:(
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