117:, and sent to get Livingstone to safety. These slaves had been liberated and added to his party, but had shown violent conduct against local people contrary to his instructions, and he feared they might have been involved in starting the massacre. His diary notes "Dugumbe's men murdering Kimburu and another for slaves" and implied that the slave Manilla played a leading part, but looking back at the events, he says Dugumbe's people bore responsibility and started it to make an example of Manilla. In the diary he described his sending his men with protection of a flag to assist Manilla's brother, in his journal version it was to assist villagers. The edited version published posthumously in Livingstone's
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On 15 July 1871, Livingstone witnessed around 400 to 500 Africans being massacred by Arab slavers at the
Nyangwe market on the banks of the Lualaba, while he was watching next to the leading Arab trader Dugumbe who had given him assistance. As he recorded in his field diary, the attack was an act of
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in 1874 left out the context of
Livingstone's earlier comments about Kirk and bad behaviour of the hired Banyan men, and omitted the villagers' earlier violent resistance to Arab slavers, thus portraying the villagers as passive victims. The section on the massacre itself had only minor grammatical
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retaliation for actions of
Manilla, a head slave who had sacked villages of Mohombo people at the instigation of the Wagenya chieftain Kimburu. The Arabs attacked Kimburu's people as well as anyone they found to be present at the market.
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who scanned
Livingstone's diary suggest that in putting his fragmentary notes about the massacre into the narrative of his journal, he left out his concerns about some of his followers, slaves owned by
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When
Livingstone visited Nyangwe, it was the last known town for people coming from the east, and Livingstone thought that the Lualaba was the upper part of the
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was the first
European to visit Nyangwe in 1871. According to his notes, the Swahili–Arabs had driven away the original inhabitants of the area, the
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followed the river downstream from
Nyangwe with support of the local ruler, Tippu Tip, and as he arrived in
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The town was founded as an Arab trading depot around 1860. It subsequently became a part of the
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Arab slavers shooting at women at the market of
Nyangwe during the massacre witnessed by
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hub for trade goods like ivory, gold, iron and slaves, remaining one of the main
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Stanley: The
Impossible Life of Africa's Greatest Explorer
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270:"Researchers now presume that Dr Livingstone lied"
188:. Vol. 2. London: G. Newnes. pp. 94–97.
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248:. Yale University Press. pp. 331–335.
144:Other European visitors to the town were
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162:Cannibalism in Africa § Congo Basin
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334:Populated places established in 1860
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75:, ruled by the Swahili slave trader
36:is a town on the right bank of the
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102:Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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46:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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210:Wisnicki, Adrian S. (2017).
44:Province in the east of the
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339:Populated places in Maniema
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113:, acting British Consul at
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186:Through the Dark Continent
79:and associated with the
109:who had been hired by
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212:"Livingstone in 1871"
182:Stanley, Henry Morton
146:Verney Lovett Cameron
100:Researchers from the
81:Sultanate of Zanzibar
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131:Henry Morton Stanley
73:Sultanate of Utetera
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216:Livingstone Online
64:centres until the
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255:978-0-300-12625-9
87:David Livingstone
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328:Categories
168:References
129:. In 1877
240:Jeal, Tim
152:in 1883.
111:John Kirk
77:Tippu Tip
40:, in the
280:25 April
274:CBS News
242:(2007).
184:(1899).
156:See also
115:Zanzibar
301:26°11′E
91:Wagenya
54:Swahili
50:Kasongo
42:Maniema
34:Nyangwe
29:in 1871
298:4°13′S
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282:2019
250:ISBN
223:2023
135:Boma
127:Nile
58:Arab
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56:–
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