1915:, lists no fewer than fifty variations of the line of the four hidden imams between Isma'il ibn Ja'far and al-Mahdi, claiming that the various names represent pseudonyms. Early Isma'ili sources tend to be silent on the matter, from a mixture of both religious imperative—since God has decreed his imams to be hidden, they should remain so—and apparent ignorance. Al-Mahdi himself, in a letter sent to the Isma'ili community in Yemen, even claimed not to be descended from Isma'il ibn Ja'far, but from his older brother Abdallah al-Aftah, who is generally held to not have had any descendants at all. Notably, later official Fatimid genealogies rejected this version. In addition, it appears that the first known ancestor of the Fatimid line,
2123:
2083:, in 965. This would make the claim of al-Mahdi's descent from an 'Abdallah ibn Maymun' actually correct, and lead hostile sources to confuse him with the earlier Shi'a figure. Another suggestion, by Abbas Hamdani and F. de Blois, is that the officially published genealogies represent a compromise between two different lines of descent from Ja'far al-Sadiq, one from Isma'il and another (per al-Mahdi's letter to the Yemenis) from Abdallah al-Aftah. Other scholars, such as Halm, remain skeptical, while Omert Schrier and Michael Brett dismiss the Fatimid claims of Alid descent entirely as a pious fiction.
2079:. For reasons of chronology alone, Ibn Rizam's version is thus proven to be untenable. Access to more sources has furthermore led to the partial reconciliation of the conflicting accounts by positing that some of the variant names in the genealogies were indeed cover names for the Isma'ili imams: thus Maymun ('the Fortunate One') is suggested as the sobriquet for Muhammad ibn Isma'il, especially since a source connects him with a sect known as the Maymuniyya. This explanation is also present in an epistle by the fourth Fatimid caliph,
7932:
166:
3521:
3844:). Fatimid princesses are likewise recorded as being extremely wealthy, in part from estates allocated to them, and in part due to their own commercial and entrepreneurial activities. Thus at their death in 1050/51, two daughters of Caliph al-Mu'izz left estates of about 1.7 million gold dinars each, while Sitt al-Mulk is known to have employed an extensive staff of able administrators of both sexes for her far-flung economic interests.
7946:
2952:
10509:
1923:, and was accepted as such by the Aqilids of Basra. According to Brett, the line of descent claimed by the Fatimid between Ja'far al-Sadiq and al-Mahdi reflects "historical beliefs rather than historical figures, for which there is little or no independent confirmation", as even Isma'il ibn Ja'far is an obscure figure, let alone his supposed hidden successors.
3137:, Ahmad succeeded his father as the head of the Isma'ili movement, and was in turn succeeded by his younger son, Muhammad, known as Abu'l-Shalaghlagh. In later Fatimid doctrine, Abdallah al-Akbar was presented as the eldest son of Muhammad ibn Isma'il, and his successor as imam, followed by Ahmad. While Muhammad Abu'l-Shalaghlagh was the head of the
3713:, to recognize their suzerainty, failed; the Buyids rejected the Fatimids' claims of Alid descent. Al-Aziz's reign saw also a transformation in the structure and nature of the Fatimid state: the Kutama, who had been the main pillar of the early Fatimid regime, were now complemented by Turkish military slaves (
3147:(d. 881/2), and thence to al-Husayn's son, Abdallah or Sa'id, the future Caliph al-Mahdi, who was born in 873/4. Isma'ili texts suggest that Abu'l-Shalaghlagh was the guardian and tutor of al-Mahdi, but also that he tried to usurp the succession for his own sons but failed, as the latter all died prematurely.
3797:
faith. At the same time, al-Hakim made curious innovations in the succession, by splitting up his office in two: one to succeed the caliphate, i.e. the secular office, and one to succeed as imam, i.e. as leader of the Isma'ili community. Furthermore, he sidelined his own son and appointed two cousins
3665:
led two invasions of Egypt in 971 and again, despite al-Mu'izz's efforts to win him over, in 974. Both invasions were beaten back at the gates of Cairo, forcing the
Qarmatians to retreat to Bahrayn, and opening the path for a renewed Fatimid attempt to conquer Syria. At the same time, around 970/71,
3483:
by the
Aghlabids from the Byzantines, but Fatimid rule was established there only after a series of revolts by the local Muslims, who at times declared for the Abbasids, were suppressed. Sicily was also important as a battleground against the Byzantines, which among other things allowed the Fatimids
3806:
Members of the dynasty were carefully kept out of public affairs; even princes and princesses of the blood did not have a special position at court, let alone being entrusted with the governance of provinces or the command of armies as in other medieval states, which might result in an independent
1895:
comments, "The alleged descent of the dynasty from Ali ibn Abi Talib and
Muhammad's daughter Fatima has been called into question by contemporaries from the very beginning and cannot be proven", while Michael Brett, an expert on the Fatimids, asserts that "a factual answer to the question of their
2017:
Isma'ili authors also used the figures of Maymun al-Qaddah and his son
Abdallah to argue for the legality of there being a substitute or representative of the imam, whenever the latter was underage. A further controversy that emerged already in medieval times is whether the second Fatimid caliph,
3764:
briefly acknowledged
Fatimid suzerainty in 1010, and in 1015, Aleppo did the same, with Fatimid troops entering the city and imposing direct control in 1017. Relations with the Zirids, who quickly had begun distancing themselves from Cairo's authority, became more strained under al-Hakim due to
3819:
upon the birth of a son. This led to differences in rank: a detailed list of court precedence from 1122, during the reign of al-Amir, the caliph's single full brother, Ja'far, is accorded first place in the hierarchy, while their half-brothers from other women are listed much lower, after the
1642:
The
Fatimids' claimed pedigree of descent from Fatima and Ali was central to their legitimacy as the legitimate imams in an unbroken, divinely ordained line from Ali onwards. Their initial obscurity, and the publication of conflicting and incorrect genealogies by the first Fatimid caliph,
3823:
Nevertheless, the members of the dynasty enjoyed immense riches, founded on the possession of properties in the capital, Cairo, and its environs, as well as commerce. The caliph himself was not above such enrichment, and owned extensive parts of Cairo; according to the mid-11th traveller
3499:
and
Sijilmasa were captured in 920–921, although these conquests were difficult to hold, and brought the Fatimids into conflict with the Umayyads of Cordoba. In an attempt to supplant the Abbasids, al-Mahdi's son and heir, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, led campaigns eastward to capture Egypt in
3776:
From 1015 on, the
Fatimid Caliphate, and the Isma'ili community, were confronted by a rise in sectarianism: a series of preachers who propagated extremist versions of Isma'ilism appeared, preaching the imminence of the end times, the divinity of al-Hakim, and the abolition of the
3602:
Al-Mu'izz was an excellent planner and organizer, and the state he inherited had regained internal stability, after the turmoils of Abu Yazid's revolt. His early reign saw successes against the
Byzantines, where the last remaining Byzantine strongholds were extinguished with the
3329:, the uprisings enjoyed some ephemeral success, but were eventually suppressed by the still potent Abbasid army. Zakarawayh apparently moved without Abdallah's authorization or prior knowledge, and thus placed him in danger: the Abbasid authorities began a crackdown on the
1857:. Another branch believed that Ja'far al-Sadiq was followed by a seventh imam, who also had gone into hiding; hence this party is known as the Seveners. The exact identity of that seventh imam was disputed, but by the late ninth century had commonly been identified with
3557:). The new caliph concealed his father's death, took to the field, and in a series of battles defeated the rebel armies and captured Abu Yazid in August 947. The victory over the rebel leader, who had almost destroyed the Fatimid state and was symbolically called the
3275:
s of the imams, were actually the imams themselves. In a letter to the Yemeni community, Abdallah claimed that 'Muhammad ibn Isma'il' was actually a cover name assumed by each incumbent imam, and denied any particular role of
Muhammad ibn Isma'il as the expected
2008:
Early Isma'ili sources ignore the existence of Maymun al-Qaddah, but later, Fatimid-era sources were forced to confront their opponents' claims about his person, and tried to reconcile the conflicting genealogies accordingly. Some sectarian Isma'ili—especially
3318:
s split off from Salamiyah and established an independent Qarmatian state that lasted into the 1070s. On the other hand, Zakarawayh and his loyalists now began a series of anti-Abbasid uprisings in Iraq and Syria in 902–907, with the support of the
1610:, as well as launch uprisings in Syria and Iraq. Fleeing Abbasid persecution to Ifriqiya, Abdallah proclaimed himself openly and established the Fatimid Caliphate in 909. From there, the Fatimid imam–caliphs extended their rule over most of the
3744:). Initially under the tutelage of powerful officials, al-Hakim managed to seize the reins of power for himself in 1000. The early years of his reign saw the conclusion of peace with Byzantium in 1001, as well as the great tribal revolts of
1704:, breaking off from the Fatimid allegiance, and tarnished the prestige and authority of the dynasty. The last of the Fatimid imam–caliphs were powerless child rulers that were pawns in the hands of their viziers. The last of these viziers,
3114:. Apart from improbable stories circulated by later anti-Isma'ili polemicists, his exact origin is unknown. His teachings led to his being forced to flee his native city to escape persecution by the Abbasid authorities, and seek refuge in
1980:, that al-Mahdi's real name was Sa'id, or that al-Mahdi's father was in reality a Jew (a common antisemitic trope among medieval Arab authors). While several medieval Sunni authors and contemporary potentates—including the impeccably Alid
3807:
power base that could threaten the orderly father-to-son succession of the imamate and caliphate. For similar reasons, Fatimid princesses were usually not wed outside the family, and the caliphs themselves did not usually engage in a
3459:
Given the semi-divine status they claimed as the rightful imams of Islam, the Fatimids' ambitions were not limited to Ifriqiya. The Fatimid caliphs aimed to overthrow not only the rival Muslim monarchs—the Abbasids of Baghdad and the
2013:—sources even claimed that during the period of concealment of the Isma'ili imams, the Isma'ili movement was actually led by the descendants of Maymun al-Qaddah, until the restoration of the true line with the Fatimid caliphs. Later
1861:, son of Isma'il and grandson of al-Sadiq. From Muhammad's father, Isma'il, the sect receives its name of 'Isma'ili'. Neither Isma'il's nor Muhammad's lives are well known, and after Muhammad's reported death during the reign of
3798:
to the posts, thereby arousing the hostility of the Fatimid elites. As a result of a conspiracy among the latter, al-Hakim was murdered during one of his night rides outside Cairo, and his corpse disposed of, never to be found.
1626:
as their new capital, for the next two centuries, the Fatimids would be based in Egypt and identified with the country. At their height, the Fatimids claimed control or suzerainty over much of North Africa, Sicily, Egypt, the
3434:
as a figurehead. The uprising was defeated, and the Fatimid control over the Kutama consolidated. Nevertheless, Fatimid power remained fragile, as it was based almost exclusively on the—often truculent—Kutama, and later the
2000:
of 1011. Due to the paucity of actual Isma'ili material until Isma'ili sources started to become available and undergo scholarly examination during the 20th century, the Sunni version was adopted even by some early modern
3301:
divided into two factions: those who accepted Abdallah's claims, and continued to follow him, and became the Isma'ilis proper, and those who rejected them and continued to believe in the return of Muhammad ibn Isma'il as
2071:, on the other hand, has conclusively shown that the supposed Qaddahite descent of the Fatimids is a legend, likely invented by Ibn Rizam himself: the historical Maymun al-Qaddah is now known to have been a disciple of
3661:. The first Fatimid invasion failed largely due to the opposition of the Qarmatians of Bahrayn, who did not hesitate to align themselves with the Abbasid caliph and denounce al-Mu'izz in public. The Qarmatian leader
3232:
s of each region, such as Hamdan Qarmat, knew and corresponded with it. The true head of the movement remained hidden even from the senior missionaries, however, and a certain Fayruz functioned as chief missionary
1801:
emerged from the offspring of Husayn, who did not openly lay claim to the caliphate, but were considered by their followers as the true representatives of God on earth. This doctrine was founded on the designation
3408:
emirate on its way, and arrived at Sijilmasa in August 909. There Abdallah was acclaimed caliph by the troops. On 4 January 910, Abdallah entered Raqqada, where he publicly proclaimed himself caliph with the
1891:), and Ali and Fatima, via Muhammad ibn Isma'il. This descent was both accepted and challenged already in the Middle Ages, and remains a topic of debate among scholars today. As the historian of Shi'a Islam
1814:, and later pro-Fatimid scholars held that an unbroken chain of designated imams would follow until the end of the world; indeed, these scholars argued that the imams' existence was an inevitable necessity.
9363:(2015). "Prinzen, Prinzessinnen, Konkubinen und Eunuchen am fatimidischen Hof" [Princes, Princesses, Concubines and Eunuchs at the Fatimid Court]. In Pomerantz, Maurice A.; Shahin, Aram A. (eds.).
3700:
brought the Fatimids into conflict with the Byzantines, who considered the city their protectorate. Attempts to take Aleppo failed in 983, 992/3 and 994/5, and effective Fatimid power reached little past
3550:
in 943/44: almost all of Ifriqiya succumbed to the rebels, and in January 945, the rebels laid siege to Mahdiyya itself. Al-Qa'im died during the siege, and was succeeded by his son, Abu Tahir Isma'il (
3335:, and Zakarawayh's sons unwittingly revealed the location and identity of Abdallah to the Abbasids, who launched a man-hunt against him. Already in 902, Abdallah with his household left Salamiyah for
1833:
as his successor, but Isma'il died before his father, and when al-Sadiq himself died in 765, the succession was left open. One faction of al-Sadiq's followers held that he had designated another son,
3614:
After these successes, al-Mu'izz once again turned to the abandoned project of the conquest of Egypt. Meticulous military and political preparations were undertaken, and the agents of the Isma'ili
3876:
10269:
3645:
Jawhar governed Egypt for the next four years as viceroy of al-Mu'izz, restoring the country's finances. It was not until August 972 that al-Mu'izz left Ifriqiya, appointing the Berber
3263:. Soon, he began making alterations to the doctrine, which worried Hamdan Qarmat. Abdan went to Salamiyah to investigate the matter, and learned that Abdallah claimed that the expected
1911:), a problem complicated by the Isma'ili claims that the hidden imams assumed various aliases for safety. Thus the pro-Isma'ili Prince Peter Hagop Mamour, in his 1934 apologetic work
1899:
The main problem arises with the succession linking al-Mahdi with Ja'far al-Sadiq. According to Isma'ili doctrine, the imams that followed Muhammad ibn Isma'il were in concealment (
1712:. The remaining members of the dynasty and their offspring were placed under house arrest in Cairo until their deaths; the last members of the dynasty died in the mid-13th century.
1960:), after the diminutive form Ubayd Allah for al-Mahdi's name, commonly used in Sunni sources with an apparently pejorative intent. Medieval anti-Fatimid polemicists, starting with
3312:(although anti-Fatimid sources also used the label for the Fatimids themselves). In Iraq and Persia, the community was split between the two factions, but in Bahrayn, the local
3343:
Egypt in early 904. As the Abbasids recovered control of Egypt in the next year, the small party fled again. While his companions expected to head to Yemen, where the Isma'ili
2022:, was the son of al-Mahdi, or whether the latter was merely usurping the position of a still-hidden imam; that would mean that al-Qa'im was the first true Fatimid imam-caliph.
1972:
heresy and generally considered Fatimid claims to Alid descent fraudulent. Instead, they put forth a counter claim that al-Mahdi descended from Abdallah, the son of a certain
1480:
3428:, or resented the limitations on their authority placed by the new ruler. Al-Mahdi Billah was able to eliminate them in 911, but this led to a Kutama revolt, led by a child
3488:
against the infidels. In practice, relations were often more pragmatic, and warfare alternated with periods of truce. From 948 on, a series of hereditary governors, the
3282:
who was to usher in the end times. These doctrinal innovations caused a major rift in the movement, as Hamdan denounced the leadership in Salamiyah, gathered the Iraqi
2993:
Both the Twelvers and the Seveners held that their final imams were not dead, but had simply gone into concealment, and that they would soon return as a messiah, the
1905:), but early Isma'ili sources do not mention them, and even later, official Isma'ili genealogies diverge on the number, names and identities of these 'hidden imams' (
9632:
7496:
7281:
3785:
views, but al-Hakim seems to have tolerated, if not encouraged them. Although al-Hakim never officially espoused their views, the teachings of men such as
3191:
3688:) captured Damascus, but Fatimid power in Syria continued to be challenged, whether by powerful generals or by the restive Bedouin of Palestine under the
10432:
9477:
3883:
1845:—as the latter died soon after, his followers went over to Musa's camp—or even refused to believe that al-Sadiq had died, and expected his return as a
1473:
3632:, in July 969, and claimed the country for his master. Immediately he began establishing a new capital city near Fustat, which came to be known as
1655:
alike, who considered them impostors and usurpers. As a result, many sources into the 20th century referred to the Fatimids by the derogatory name
1647:(known by the diminutive Ubayd Allah by his detractors), cast doubt on the accuracy of these claims, which were usually rejected by contemporary
3404:, 'God's proof'; and soon set out westward, at the head of a large army, to bring his imam to Ifriqiya. The Kutama army destroyed the Kharijite
3288:
s and ordered them to cease the missionary effort. Shortly after this Hamdan "disappeared" from his headquarters, and Abdan was assassinated by
3706:
5732:
1466:
9596:
10044:
3068:
Muhammad ibn Isma'il remained hidden, however, he would need to be represented by agents, who would gather the faithful, spread the word (
10031:
10027:
3745:
3733:
Al-Aziz died in 996, while preparing a major campaign against the Byzantines and Hamdanids. He was succeeded by his eleven-year-old son,
1961:
10036:
3786:
3539:), who continued his father's policies. Another attempted invasion of Egypt in 935 was defeated by the country's new strongman ruler,
3269:
was not Muhammad ibn Isma'il, as commonly propagated, but Abdallah himself, and that Abdallah's ancestors, far from being simply the
3611:
in 958–960, temporarily expelling Umayyad influence from the region and extending Fatimid rule to the shores of the Atlantic Ocean.
3076:, 'invitation, calling'), and prepare his return. The head of this secret network was the living proof of the imam's existence, the
10299:
2685:
2122:
1849:. Musa's adherents, who constituted the majority of al-Sadiq's followers, followed his line down to a twelfth imam who supposedly
9613:
9607:
9164:
The Rise of the Fatimids: The World of the Mediterranean and the Middle East in the Fourth Century of the Hijra, Tenth Century CE
3505:
3501:
3422:
The first crisis of the new regime occurred quickly. Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i and his brother demanded proof of Abdallah being the
9470:
2795:
9619:
3027:, ensure the final triumph of Islam and establish a reign of peace and justice. The Isma'ilis in particular believed that the
10477:
10304:
9372:
9319:
9276:
9191:
4744:
2524:
2224:
10294:
10151:
2147:
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expectations increased in the Muslim world, coinciding with a deep crisis of the Abbasid Caliphate during the decade-long
2980:
1919:, the great-grandfather of the first Fatimid caliph, initially claimed descent not from Ali at all, but from his brother
9240:
1682:, Fatimid power began to decline in the later 11th century. the dynasty was saved by passing power to powerful military
10512:
10264:
9680:
9656:
9601:
2611:
1992:—accepted or appeared to accept Fatimid claims at face value, this anti-Isma'ili 'black legend', as the modern scholar
1602:, who did not recognize his imamate, split off. In the meantime, Isma'ili agents had managed to conquer large parts of
3571:, was the moment when Abu Tahir declared himself as the imam and caliph in succession to his father, with the name of
1996:
calls it, influenced Sunni historiographers throughout the following centuries, and became official doctrine with the
9652:
9463:
9391:
9297:
5725:
3869:
4766:
Descent according to a letter sent to the Isma'ili community in Yemen by al-Mahdi bi'llah, which was reproduced by
2584:
1692:
was diminished by bitter succession disputes, which resulted in large parts of the Isma'ili community, such as the
3532:, on a rocky promontory on the Ifriqiyan coast. When Al-Mahdi died in 934, he was succeeded by his son, al-Qa'im (
3168:. In this chaotic atmosphere, and with the Abbasids preoccupied with suppressing the Zanj uprising, the Isma'ili
1838:
432:
9434:
Schrier, Omert J. (2006). "The Prehistory of the Fatimid Dynasty: Some Chronological and Genealogical Remarks".
3649:
as his viceroy there. In June 973, the Fatimid court arrived in Egypt and al-Mu'izz took up residence in Cairo.
3384:
to the Isma'ili cause. From 902 on, the Kutama had gradually conquered the region from its Abbasid clients, the
10289:
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3540:
3118:. Once again, his teachings attracted the attention of the authorities, and he moved on to the small town of
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The most notable event of al-Qa'im's reign was the revolt of the Zenata Berbers under the Khariji preacher
2816:
2509:
2019:
10249:
10141:
9874:
9809:
9758:
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2484:
2296:
2152:
2075:(recognized by both Isma'ilis and Twelvers as an imam), and both he and his son Abdallah hailed from the
1544:
2039:) imams, descended from Maymun al-Qaddah, whose task was to hide and protect the existence of the real (
1880:
Official Fatimid doctrine claimed an uninterrupted line of succession between the first Fatimid caliph,
607:
10451:
10427:
10284:
10049:
9789:
2891:
2860:
2514:
2247:
2061:) imams. Lewis posited that al-Mahdi was the last of that line, and that al-Qa'im was the first of the
1686:, but this also meant that the imam–caliphs often were mere puppet rulers. The initial dynamism of the
1683:
17:
9140:
Andani, Khalil (2016). "A Survey of Ismaili Studies (Part 1): Early Ismailism and Fatimid Ismailism".
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In the meantime, immediately after the conquest if Egypt Jawhar had tried to extend Fatimid rule into
1747:
rejected the Umayyads as usurpers and called for the establishment of a regime led by a member of the
10467:
10439:
10207:
9839:
9714:
9638:
9563:
9518:
9503:
7635:
6514:
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5802:
3625:
3584:
3480:
2826:
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2589:
2329:
2308:
2292:
1760:
1619:
136:
90:
10536:
10254:
9996:
7937:
7540:
5613:
5373:
5118:
4629:
4330:
3289:
3223:
2869:
2811:
2777:
2680:
1881:
1798:
1644:
1589:
1574:) in the ninth century CE, ostensibly acting on behalf of a hidden imam, implied at the time to be
1356:
3349:
had enjoyed great success, Abdallah turned westward, and established himself at the oasis town of
1566:
The Fatimid dynasty emerged as the leaders of the clandestine early Isma'ili missionary movement (
10541:
10531:
10370:
10309:
9495:
5626:
5173:
4389:
3853:
3572:
3211:
2973:
2821:
2782:
2519:
2494:
1858:
1575:
1102:
140:
10012:
9884:
9829:
9709:
9646:
9548:
7341:
7115:
6316:
3770:
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proclaimed a Shi'a regime, but kept the name of his master secret as yet, only using the title
2851:
2442:
2234:
2219:
1950:
1507:
1207:
1152:
3575:('The Victor with the Help of God'). Al-Mansur moved the Fatimid court to a new palace city,
10417:
10212:
10069:
9879:
9750:
9703:
9685:
9528:
7489:
6702:
4791:
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and baths, and 8,000 other buildings that paid a monthly rent to the caliph's private purse (
3734:
3226:, 893). The real leadership of the movement remained hidden at Salamiyah, and only the chief
2836:
2740:
2316:
1830:
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1167:
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10357:
10279:
10217:
10195:
9894:
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9746:
9718:
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3465:
3004:
2888:
2665:
2499:
2462:
2392:
2382:
2204:
1341:
1222:
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in summer 969, it faced little organized resistance. Jawhar entered the Egyptian capital,
8:
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10407:
9959:
9849:
9538:
6971:
3236:
3010:
2900:
2846:
2564:
2549:
1850:
1431:
442:
747:
10492:
10382:
10200:
9968:
9954:
9859:
9443:
9186:. The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
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2926:
2772:
2726:
2721:
2408:
2355:
2348:
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1920:
1854:
1818:
1764:
1137:
902:
787:
647:
372:
307:
120:
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of their leadership and the recent disappearance of their twelfth imam. Missionaries (
727:
10332:
10016:
9988:
9486:
9427:
Origins of Ismāʿı̄lism: A Study of the Historical Background of the Fāṭimid Caliphate
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3808:
3646:
3158:, the rise of breakaway and autonomous regimes in the provinces, and the large-scale
3055:) forms and strictures of Islam, since henceforth the true religion, the religion of
3041:) meaning of religion, which was until then reserved for a few select initiates. The
2917:
2907:
2767:
2716:
2670:
2457:
2437:
2072:
1997:
1842:
1740:
1667:
1585:
1525:
1247:
1092:
697:
337:
327:
317:
202:
62:
31:
1547:
and considered themselves the rightful leaders of the Muslim community. The line of
10054:
9984:
9974:
9944:
9864:
9763:
9731:
9674:
9513:
9149:
7931:
6137:
5502:
4860:
4758:
4048:
3702:
3620:
engaged to promote the Fatimid cause in Egypt and suborn officials of the weakened
3608:
3604:
3469:
3388:. On 25 March 909, Abu Abdallah and his Kutama entered the Aghlabid palace city of
3244:
2935:
2700:
2447:
2192:
1973:
1744:
1663:
1652:
1401:
1397:
1386:
1367:
1032:
1012:
992:
912:
707:
587:
512:
502:
452:
382:
282:
232:
9336:
3528:
Between 916 and 921, al-Mahdi built a new residence, the fortified palace city of
10392:
9287:
9266:
9162:
4734:
3674:, recognized Fatimid suzerainty, an important symbolic victory for the Fatimids.
3461:
2653:
2621:
2544:
2363:
1941:
1862:
1763:
and thus claimed membership of the wider family, profited from this during their
1756:
1498:
1337:
1307:
1072:
1062:
972:
952:
842:
777:
737:
717:
627:
552:
542:
532:
492:
462:
402:
392:
272:
222:
3607:
in 965, as well as the reconquest of the western Maghreb by the Fatimid general
3059:, would be manifested without the need for symbols and other mediating devices.
10422:
9844:
9543:
9523:
9262:
9235:
9231:
7147:
6521:
5125:
4730:
4323:
3766:
3489:
3207:
3159:
3151:
3024:
2855:
2831:
2757:
2646:
2631:
2554:
2337:
1993:
1783:
1412:
1322:
1266:
1042:
932:
862:
562:
3709:
in Yemen, but Fatimid attempts to induce the fellow Shi'a rulers of Iraq, the
2167:
10525:
10239:
10188:
10160:
10156:
10126:
10079:
9940:
9934:
9726:
9422:
9414:
9352:
9254:
9227:
9217:
9201:
5319:
5188:
4575:
4444:
3829:
3825:
3790:
3658:
3520:
3339:. As the revolts instigated by Zakarawayh were suppressed, Abdallah moved to
3187:
3144:
3123:
3056:
3050:
3036:
2922:
2803:
2762:
2752:
2636:
2616:
2534:
2474:
2323:
2229:
2162:
2157:
2113:
2030:
1916:
1834:
1772:
1671:
1592:, proclaimed himself to be the expected imam, causing a rift in the Isma'ili
1537:
1292:
797:
657:
165:
10482:
10402:
10397:
10112:
10095:
9819:
9455:
7951:
7897:
6695:
4987:
4181:
3496:
3107:
2956:
2695:
2569:
2342:
2214:
2177:
2080:
2002:
1824:
1811:
1805:
1675:
1556:
1296:
767:
522:
3174:
spread rapidly, aided by dissatisfaction among Twelver adherents with the
2539:
1662:
Fatimid expansion into the Levant, and the ideological challenge that the
10412:
10375:
10353:
10327:
10244:
10074:
3203:
2931:
2913:
2895:
2675:
2479:
2373:
2368:
1965:
1750:
1674:
of the 11th century. Faced with internal turmoil, and the arrival of the
1156:
922:
832:
617:
472:
422:
9447:
3019:
would rapidly overthrow the usurping Abbasids and destroy their capital
10178:
10064:
9401:
Lev, Yaacov (1995). "The Fatimids and Byzantium, 10th–12th Centuries".
9365:
The Heritage of Arabo-Islamic Learning. Studies Presented to Wadad Kadi
9360:
9307:
9153:
4739:(Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 507.
3782:
3721:) as well as Black African slave soldiers, while under the guidance of
3309:
2641:
2504:
2403:
1969:
1892:
1768:
1599:
1540:
1442:
1082:
1052:
882:
687:
252:
3858:
10002:
9964:
9693:
9626:
3814:
3749:
3689:
3621:
3597:
3547:
3509:
3448:
3385:
3350:
3119:
2428:
2142:
1977:
1427:
1382:
1352:
1277:
1262:
667:
637:
482:
242:
182:
52:
3811:, but had slave concubines, who could rise to the high status of an
9992:
9948:
9854:
9814:
9741:
9737:
9663:
9558:
9553:
7510:
7305:
3919:
3757:
3705:
in the north. In 987, the Fatimid suzerainty was recognized by the
3693:
3580:
3405:
3257:
In about 899, Abdallah ibn al-Husayn assumed the leadership of the
3219:
2865:
2574:
2452:
2413:
1701:
1679:
1607:
1569:
1560:
1552:
1211:
982:
942:
892:
852:
757:
412:
362:
262:
3495:
The Fatimids also expanded west to the rest of the Maghreb, where
3162:, whose leader claimed Alid descent and proclaimed himself as the
2033:
suggested the existence of two parallel series of imams: trustee (
10105:
9930:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9799:
9568:
7683:
7655:
4373:
3773:, launched a pogrom against the remaining Isma'ilis in Ifriqiya.
3716:
3678:
3436:
3389:
3377:
3354:
3340:
3320:
3181:
3020:
2904:
2712:
2626:
2606:
2432:
2398:
2254:
2187:
2172:
2014:
1846:
1794:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1611:
1529:
1521:
1371:
1281:
1251:
1186:
1022:
1002:
962:
872:
807:
597:
212:
110:
100:
9204:(1942–1947). "L'impérialisme des Fatimides et leur propagande".
4759:
Genealogy according to al-Mahdi's letter to the Yemeni community
10508:
10365:
10100:
10059:
9978:
9899:
9092:
3979:
3778:
3725:, the Fatimid administration became organized and regularized.
3710:
3697:
3671:
3629:
3560:
3529:
3476:
3444:
3440:
3381:
3215:
3126:. There he settled as a merchant from Basra, and had two sons,
2690:
2209:
1989:
1981:
1930:
descent—the dynasty named itself simply as the 'Alid dynasty' (
1872:), the history of the early Isma'ili movement becomes obscure.
1726:
1636:
1628:
1615:
1446:
1326:
1182:
192:
115:
72:
8159:
10387:
10229:
10183:
10146:
10006:
9834:
8305:
8281:
4237:
3794:
3761:
3667:
3639:
3485:
3410:
3336:
3252:
3199:
3115:
3079:
3071:
2996:
2601:
2579:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2197:
2182:
2137:
2106:
2076:
2010:
1985:
1937:
1693:
1648:
1632:
1623:
1603:
1518:
1416:
1171:
1141:
125:
3439:
tribe as well. Conversely, the local Arabs of Ifriqiya were
2086:
1771:, who insisted on the exclusive right of the descendants of
9167:. The Medieval Mediterranean. Vol. 30. Leiden: BRILL.
8655:
3451:, and thus opposed to the Isma'ili regime of the Fatimids.
3195:
3111:
2279:
2274:
2025:
Modern authors have tried to reconcile the genealogies. In
1927:
1311:
9271:(Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8965:
8905:
8893:
8857:
8770:
8727:
8691:
8667:
8643:
8604:
8568:
8385:
8346:
8317:
3443:
Sunnis, while most Berber tribes further west—notably the
1767:
against the Umayyads; but their claim was rejected by the
1584:
spread widely across the Islamic world, then ruled by the
9017:
8811:
8809:
8794:
8633:
8631:
8522:
8520:
8505:
8363:
8361:
8336:
8334:
8332:
8293:
8147:
5474:
3365:
2747:
1729:
1708:, deposed the dynasty in 1171, after the death of Caliph
1533:
1528:, between 909 and 1171 CE. Claiming to be descended from
9367:(in German). Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 91–110.
9007:
9005:
9003:
8990:
8988:
8986:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8760:
8758:
8756:
8754:
8271:
8269:
8267:
8265:
8204:
8202:
8200:
8198:
3624:
regime. As a result, when the Fatimid army under Jawhar
3484:
to present themselves as champions of Islam, engaged in
1875:
1666:
represented, resulted in the Sunnis rallying around the
9104:
9044:
8739:
8226:
8058:
8056:
8041:
8029:
7993:
9116:
9034:
9032:
8953:
8941:
8929:
8917:
8881:
8869:
8845:
8833:
8821:
8806:
8782:
8715:
8703:
8679:
8628:
8616:
8580:
8544:
8517:
8373:
8358:
8329:
8214:
8137:
8135:
9000:
8977:
8751:
8493:
8481:
8469:
8457:
8433:
8409:
8262:
8238:
8195:
7971:
7969:
7967:
7965:
7963:
3583:, but died soon after, and was succeeded by his son,
1759:, who claimed descent from Muhammad's paternal uncle
9080:
9056:
8122:
8120:
8118:
8116:
8114:
8112:
8110:
8108:
8106:
8104:
8053:
8017:
8005:
7927:
5488:
5482:
3965:
3839:
3833:
3812:
3714:
3633:
3615:
3566:
3558:
3472:, claiming a divine right to universal sovereignty.
3429:
3423:
3414:
3399:
3393:
3371:
3344:
3330:
3324:
3313:
3303:
3296:
3283:
3277:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3242:
3234:
3227:
3179:
3169:
3163:
3138:
3101:
3077:
3069:
3063:
3048:
3042:
3034:
3028:
3014:
3002:
2994:
2088:
2062:
2040:
2034:
1955:
1931:
1906:
1900:
1822:
1803:
1748:
1687:
1593:
1579:
1567:
1555:, claims descent from a branch of the Fatimids. The
1512:
9029:
8532:
8397:
8250:
8183:
8171:
8132:
8102:
8100:
8098:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8090:
8088:
8086:
8084:
3859:
Descent from Ali as accepted by the later Isma'ilis
3781:. The Fatimid religious establishment opposed such
9330:
9221:
8592:
8556:
8445:
8421:
7981:
7960:
5493:/Alid (right) imams, as proposed by Bernard Lewis
3598:Conquest of Egypt and move of the capital to Cairo
9068:
3475:Fatimid power quickly expanded across the sea to
3376:Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i had managed to convert the
1940:sources instead refer to them as the 'Ubaydids' (
10523:
9285:
8081:
1853:in 874. Adherents of this line are known as the
1739:) in 661, which led to the establishment of the
9312:Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden
3828:, all 20,000 shops in the city, as well as its
3194:spread the network of agents to the area round
3106:was Abdallah al-Akbar, a wealthy merchant from
4723:denotes imams as recognized by the Isma'ilis,
3143:, however, the imamate passed to another son,
9471:
9286:Cortese, Delia; Calderini, Simonetta (2006).
5726:
3877:
2974:
1474:
9485:
9289:Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam
9268:The Ismāʿı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines
4736:The Ismāʿı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines
3638:('the Victorious One of al-Mu'izz'), modern
3023:, restore the unity of the Muslims, conquer
1913:Polemics on the Origin of the Fatimi Caliphs
1720:
9200:
8745:
3756:in Palestine in 1012–13. In the north, the
3524:The fortified entrance to al-Mahdiyya today
3508:. Both endeavours failed, leaving only the
3492:, governed Sicily on the Fatimids' behalf.
3085:
2046:
1837:, as his heir. Others followed other sons,
1588:. In 899, the future first Fatimid caliph,
9478:
9464:
9241:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
5733:
5719:
3884:
3870:
3447:confederation—adhered to various forms of
3253:Qarmatian schism and flight to the Maghreb
2981:
2967:
1968:, were keen to discredit Isma'ilism as an
1926:While pro-Fatimid sources emphasize their
1481:
1467:
10045:Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi
9292:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
9249:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 850–862.
9206:Annales de l'Institut d'Études Orientales
1563:, also claim descent from the Fatimids.
3519:
2067:imams to sit on the throne. Research by
30:For the state ruled by the dynasty, see
9433:
9261:
9098:
8971:
8959:
8947:
8935:
8923:
8911:
8899:
8887:
8875:
8863:
8851:
8839:
8827:
8815:
8776:
8733:
8721:
8709:
8697:
8685:
8673:
8661:
8649:
8637:
8622:
8610:
8586:
8574:
8550:
8526:
8511:
8391:
8379:
8367:
8352:
8340:
8323:
8311:
8287:
8220:
8165:
8047:
8035:
8011:
7999:
5707:
3801:
3652:
3292:, who had remained loyal to Salamiyah.
27:Ruling dynasty of the Fatimid Caliphate
14:
10524:
9216:
9139:
9023:
9011:
8994:
8800:
8764:
8415:
8299:
8275:
8208:
8153:
8075:
8062:
7900:heirs who did not accede to the throne
5475:Genealogy as proposed by Bernard Lewis
3565:('the false Messiah') by the Isma'ili
3515:
3366:Establishment of the Fatimid Caliphate
10478:Muhammad ibn Hani al-Andalusi al-Azdi
9459:
9421:
9181:
9160:
9122:
8538:
8403:
8256:
8189:
8177:
8141:
7987:
7975:
7885:
7883:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7875:
7873:
7871:
7869:
7867:
7865:
7863:
7861:
7859:
7857:
7855:
7853:
7847:
7845:
7843:
7841:
7839:
7837:
7835:
7833:
7827:
7825:
7823:
7821:
7819:
7817:
7815:
7813:
7811:
7809:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7801:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7786:
7784:
7782:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7774:
7772:
7770:
7768:
7766:
7764:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7756:
7754:
7748:
7746:
7744:
7742:
7740:
7738:
7736:
7734:
7728:
7726:
7724:
7722:
7720:
7718:
7716:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7708:
7706:
7704:
7702:
7700:
7698:
7696:
7682:
7680:
7678:
7676:
7674:
7672:
7654:
7652:
7634:
7632:
7630:
7628:
7626:
7624:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7616:
7614:
7612:
7610:
7600:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7592:
7590:
7588:
7582:
7580:
7578:
7572:
7570:
7568:
7566:
7564:
7562:
7560:
7558:
7556:
7554:
7552:
7550:
7548:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7509:
7507:
7502:
7500:
7495:
7493:
7488:
7426:
7424:
7422:
7372:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7334:
7332:
7330:
7328:
7326:
7324:
7322:
7304:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7296:
7294:
7287:
7285:
7280:
7222:
7220:
7218:
7216:
7214:
7212:
7210:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7168:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7114:
6992:
6970:
6968:
6966:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6958:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6944:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6936:
6934:
6932:
6930:
6928:
6926:
6924:
6922:
6912:
6910:
6908:
6906:
6904:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6896:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6888:
6886:
6884:
6882:
6880:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6866:
6864:
6858:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6834:
6832:
6830:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6814:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6786:
6776:
6774:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6762:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6754:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6744:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6736:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6721:
6719:
6701:
6699:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6662:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6562:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6520:
6518:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6315:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6307:
6305:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6241:
6239:
6229:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6169:
6167:
6165:
6163:
6156:
6154:
6136:
6134:
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6119:
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5987:
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5871:
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5783:
5781:
5779:
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5690:
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5242:
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5018:
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5010:
5001:
4999:
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4993:
4991:
4986:
4960:
4936:
4927:
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4899:
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4889:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4859:
4833:
4807:
4790:
4779:
4777:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4673:
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4669:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4628:
4615:
4609:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4585:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4559:
4533:
4509:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4486:
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4482:
4476:
4470:
4468:
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4462:
4460:
4458:
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4454:
4443:
4441:
4439:
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4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4388:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4340:
4329:
4327:
4322:
4320:
4315:
4287:
4263:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4206:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4180:
4154:
4130:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4047:
4021:
3995:
3978:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3769:, and in 1016/7, the new Zirid emir,
3454:
1876:Fatimid genealogies and controversies
1793:), Ali's sons by Muhammad's daughter
9359:
9328:
9306:
9110:
9050:
9038:
8598:
8562:
8499:
8487:
8475:
8463:
8451:
8439:
8427:
8244:
8232:
8126:
8023:
3728:
3692:. Al-Aziz's attempts to capture the
3419:, 'the imam rightly guided by God'.
3198:in the late 870s, and from there to
2087:The Fatimids and the early Isma'ili
159:Historical Arab states and dynasties
9400:
9381:
9086:
9074:
9062:
8788:
3360:
3295:The schism left the early Isma'ili
2866:ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Ḥāfiz li-Dīn Allāh
1945:
1502:
24:
9429:. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons.
9384:State and Society in Fatimid Egypt
3370:In the meantime, in Ifriqiya, the
25:
10553:
9314:(in German). Munich: C. H. Beck.
8078:, pp. 199–200 for a summary.
10507:
9339:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
7944:
7930:
3130:and Ibrahim. When Abdallah died
3033:would reveal the true, 'inner' (
2950:
2842:ʿAlī al-Ẓāhir li-iʿzāz Dīn Allāh
2121:
580:Western dynasties and caliphates
164:
10305:al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
7665:
7645:
7520:
7351:
7315:
7157:
6981:
6845:
6712:
6531:
6298:
6147:
5978:
5812:
4700:(12th imam, 2nd Fatimid caliph)
4637:(11th imam, 1st Fatimid caliph)
3847:
3739:
3683:
3589:
3552:
3534:
3323:tribes. Calling themselves the
3206:, 882) and thence India (884),
3150:During the late ninth century,
2783:Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl ash-Shākir
1886:
1867:
1734:
10295:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
10290:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
9347:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
8068:
3892:Descent of the Fatimid caliphs
3353:, in what is now southwestern
3110:, in what is now southwestern
3001:('the Rightly Guided One') or
2861:Manṣūr al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām’il-Lāh
2852:Nizār al-Muṣṭafā li-Dīn’il-Lāh
2020:Muhammad al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
1755:, the family of Muhammad. The
13:
1:
10447:Minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque
9699:Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya
9659:Qarmatian invasions (971–974)
9592:Conquest of Aghlabid Ifriqiya
7923:
4929:Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
4121:Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
3793:resulted in the birth of the
3541:Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid
3131:
2778:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak
10260:Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi
9764:End of the Fatimid Caliphate
3765:disputes over Cyrenaica and
2837:Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh
2827:Maʿad al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh
2812:ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī bi'l-Lāh
1788:
1777:
1670:in response, triggering the
7:
10250:Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
9759:Crusader invasions of Egypt
9534:al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah
6839:al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah
5489:
5483:
4579:(10th imam, in concealment)
3966:
3840:
3838:) or the private treasury (
3834:
3813:
3715:
3634:
3616:
3567:
3559:
3430:
3424:
3415:
3400:
3394:
3372:
3345:
3331:
3325:
3314:
3304:
3297:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3243:
3235:
3228:
3180:
3170:
3164:
3139:
3122:on the western edge of the
3102:
3078:
3070:
3064:
3049:
3047:would abolish the 'outer' (
3043:
3035:
3029:
3015:
3003:
2995:
2847:Maʿad al-Mustanṣir bi'l-Lāh
2089:
2063:
2041:
2035:
1956:
1932:
1907:
1901:
1823:
1804:
1749:
1688:
1664:ascendancy of Shi'a regimes
1594:
1580:
1568:
1551:, represented today by the
1513:
300:Arab empires and caliphates
10:
10558:
10428:Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya
10275:Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman
10050:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi
9825:Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i
9132:
4768:Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman
4503:(9th imam, in concealment)
4448:(8th imam, in concealment)
3851:
3308:, who became known as the
2856:Aḥmad al-Mustāʿlī bi'l-Lāh
2560:Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam
1817:The sixth of these imams,
29:
10505:
10468:Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi
10460:
10352:
10345:
10318:
10228:
10171:
10134:
10125:
10088:
10026:
9923:
9840:Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan
9788:
9779:
9686:Bedouin alliance uprising
9584:
9494:
7831:
7829:
7732:
7730:
7604:
7602:
7586:
7584:
7576:
7574:
7482:
7480:
7478:
7472:
7470:
7468:
7462:
7460:
7458:
7452:
7450:
7448:
7442:
7440:
7438:
7430:
7428:
7420:
7416:
7414:
7412:
7410:
7408:
7406:
7404:
7398:
7396:
7394:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7386:
7384:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7306:Abu'l-Maymun Abd al-Majid
7274:
7272:
7270:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7254:
7252:
7250:
7244:
7240:
7238:
7236:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7224:
7200:
7198:
7182:
7178:
7176:
7174:
7170:
7108:
7106:
7104:
7098:
7096:
7094:
7088:
7086:
7084:
7078:
7076:
7074:
7068:
7066:
7064:
7058:
7056:
7054:
7046:
7042:
7040:
7038:
7036:
7034:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7026:
7024:
7022:
7020:
7018:
7016:
7014:
7012:
7010:
7008:
7006:
7004:
7002:
7000:
6998:
6916:
6914:
6780:
6778:
6648:
6646:
6644:
6638:
6636:
6634:
6626:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6612:
6610:
6608:
6470:
6468:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6432:
6430:
6428:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6410:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6233:
6231:
6215:
6213:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6063:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6049:
6047:
6045:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5893:
5889:
5887:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5873:
5680:
5678:
5659:
5657:
5638:
5636:
5600:
5598:
5579:
5577:
5558:
5556:
5537:
5535:
5514:
5512:
5409:
5407:
5393:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5351:
5349:
5333:
5331:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5275:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5218:
5216:
5164:
5162:
5154:
5152:
5144:
5142:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5087:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5030:
5028:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4958:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4903:
4901:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4803:
4797:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4667:
4665:
4651:
4649:
4643:
4641:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4607:
4605:
4589:
4587:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4474:
4472:
4419:
4417:
4364:
4362:
4354:
4352:
4344:
4342:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4285:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4228:
4226:
4210:
4208:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4152:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4095:
4093:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4019:
4015:
4013:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3991:
3985:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3947:
3945:
3820:caliph's own concubines.
2590:Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai
1896:identity is impossible".
1882:Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah
1761:Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
1721:Background: early Shi'ism
1715:
1559:, predominantly based in
1543:, they held the Isma'ili
146:
132:
106:
96:
91:Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah
86:
78:
68:
58:
48:
39:
9101:, pp. 101, 118–119.
7938:Fatimid Caliphate portal
5614:Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah
3416:al-imam al-mahdi bi'llah
3290:Zakarawayh ibn Mihrawayh
3249:) to the hidden leader.
1810:) of Ali by Muhammad at
1645:Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah
608:Umayyad state of Córdoba
42:
10461:Literature and learning
10452:Shrine of Husayn's Head
10371:Great Mosque of Mahdiya
10310:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
10285:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani
9639:Conquest of Egypt (969)
9386:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
9182:Brett, Michael (2017).
9161:Brett, Michael (2001).
8168:, pp. 99–100, 104.
3854:List of Fatimid caliphs
3666:the two holy cities of
3635:al-Qahira al-Mu'izziyya
3573:al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah
3190:and his brother-in-law
2832:Nizār al-ʿAzīz biʾllāh,
2485:ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
1622:Egypt in 969. Founding
10440:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque
10172:Branches and offshoots
9885:Abbas ibn Abi al-Futuh
9830:Abu Muhammad al-Yazuri
9564:al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah
9549:al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah
9519:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
9345:Encyclopaedia of Islam
8314:, pp. 8–9, 24–25.
8290:, pp. 8, 101–103.
7912:(with regnal names in
7639:al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah
7345:al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah
6292:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
5487:/Qaddahite (left) and
3585:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
3525:
3011:usher in the end times
3009:('He Who Arises'), to
2027:Origins of Ismāʿı̄lism
10418:Fatimid Great Palaces
10255:Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i
10070:Anushtakin al-Dizbari
9880:al-Adil ibn al-Sallar
9875:al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi
9704:Mustansirite Hardship
9643:Expansion into Syria
9614:2nd invasion of Egypt
9608:1st invasion of Egypt
9559:al-Zafir bi-Amr Allah
9554:al-Hafiz li-Din Allah
9529:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
9509:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
7656:Abu Muhammad Abdallah
7541:Abu'l-Qasim al-Tayyib
7514:al-Zafir bi-Amr Allah
7309:al-Hafiz li-Din Allah
6706:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
5972:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
5803:Abu Muhammad Abdallah
5694:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
5438:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
4792:Fatimah bint Muhammad
4696:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
3523:
3224:Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i
2870:Abu'l-Qāsim al-Tayyib
2545:Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi
2480:ibn Faraj ibn Ḥawshab
1908:al-a'imma al-masturin
1549:Nizari Isma'ili imams
1198:Sultanate of Zanzibar
1113:Mutawakkilite Kingdom
9870:Ridwan ibn Walakhshi
9769:Battle of the Blacks
9569:al-Adid li-Din Allah
9436:Die Welt des Orients
9382:Lev, Yaacov (1991).
9329:Halm, Heinz (2014).
8664:, pp. 123, 125.
7659:al-Adid li-Din Allah
7137:Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad
6975:al-Mustansir bi'llah
5969:Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad
5708:Dynastic family tree
5627:Muhammad ibn Isma'il
5465:regnal names in bold
5174:Muhammad ibn Isma'il
4725:regnal names in bold
4390:Muhammad ibn Isma'il
3802:The dynasty in power
3754:Mufarrij ibn Daghfal
3653:Expansion into Syria
3212:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi
2806:(ar-Raḍī ʿAbd Allāh)
2666:Palace of Queen Arwa
2500:Abu Tahir al-Jannabi
2495:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi
2463:Nizari Ismaili state
1933:al-dawla al-alawiyya
1576:Muhammad ibn Isma'il
101:Al-Adid li-Din Allah
10488:al-Azhar University
9850:al-Afdal Shahanshah
9681:Muffarij b. Daghfal
9633:Conquest of Morocco
9620:2nd Sicilian revolt
9602:1st Sicilian revolt
9539:al-Mustansir Billah
9113:, pp. 145–147.
9053:, pp. 149–150.
9026:, pp. 855–856.
8914:, pp. 156–157.
8902:, pp. 144–145.
8866:, pp. 146–147.
8803:, pp. 852–853.
8791:, pp. 191–192.
8779:, pp. 143–144.
8736:, pp. 141–142.
8700:, pp. 127–128.
8676:, pp. 126–127.
8652:, pp. 122–124.
8613:, pp. 116–119.
8577:, pp. 108–110.
8394:, pp. 104–105.
8355:, pp. 105–106.
8326:, pp. 101–103.
8302:, pp. 199–200.
8235:, pp. 146–147.
8156:, pp. 850–851.
7151:al-Musta'li bi'llah
5741:Family tree of the
5306:(Abu'l-Shalaghlagh)
4562:(Abu'l-Shalaghlagh)
3771:al-Mu'izz ibn Badis
3516:Revolt of Abu Yazid
3100:). The first known
2565:Rashid ad-Din Sinan
2490:ibn Mansur al-Yaman
1725:Since the death of
175:Ancient Arab states
10493:House of Knowledge
9860:Hasan ibn al-Hafiz
9544:al-Musta'li Billah
9335:. In Fleet, Kate;
9184:The Fatimid Empire
9154:10.1111/rec3.12205
8974:, p. 162–164.
8514:, pp. 99–100.
7511:Abu Mansur Isma'il
5119:Isma'il ibn Ja'far
4331:Isma'il ibn Ja'far
3526:
3512:in Fatimid hands.
3455:Imperial expansion
3192:Abu Muhammad Abdan
3176:political quietism
3156:Anarchy at Samarra
2927:Mufaddal Saifuddin
2798:(al-Taqī Muhammad)
2722:House of Knowledge
2612:Nizārī strongholds
2343:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
1921:Aqil ibn Abi Talib
1843:Abd Allah al-Aftah
1831:Isma'il al-Mubarak
1240:Current monarchies
903:Sharifate of Mecca
373:Emirate of Tbilisi
363:Emirate of Armenia
213:Kingdom of Osroene
10519:
10518:
10501:
10500:
10473:al-Qadi al-Nu'man
10341:
10340:
10333:Baghdad Manifesto
10280:al-Qadi al-Nu'man
10265:Abu Hatim al-Razi
10121:
10120:
9960:Sharifs of Medina
9895:Ruzzik ibn Tala'i
9890:Tala'i ibn Ruzzik
9805:Ya'qub ibn Killis
9740:and accession of
9487:Fatimid Caliphate
9374:978-90-04-30590-8
9321:978-3-406-35497-7
9278:978-0-521-61636-2
9193:978-0-7486-4076-8
9125:, pp. 71–73.
9089:, pp. 68–69.
9065:, pp. 65–67.
8502:, pp. 22–24.
8490:, pp. 17–20.
8478:, pp. 16–18.
8466:, pp. 29–30.
8442:, pp. 28–29.
8247:, pp. 19–20.
8050:, pp. 90–96.
8038:, pp. 89–90.
8026:, pp. 27–28.
8002:, pp. 88–89.
7921:
7920:
7916:and regnal dates)
7894:
7893:
7690:(claimed descent)
7292:(claimed descent)
7148:Abu'l-Qasim Ahmad
6141:al-Mansur bi'llah
6138:Abu Tahir Isma'il
5705:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5621:
5620:
5472:
5471:
5467:
5454:
5453:
5189:Abdallah al-Akbar
5133:Abdallah al-Aftah
5003:Muhammad al-Baqir
4876:al-Husayn ibn Ali
4781:Ali ibn Abi Talib
4756:
4755:
4751:
4746:978-0-521-61636-2
4714:
4713:
4317:Abdallah al-Aftah
4197:Muhammad al-Baqir
4066:al-Husayn ibn Ali
3961:Ali ibn Abi Talib
3729:Reign of al-Hakim
3723:Ya'qub ibn Killis
3663:al-Hasan al-A'sam
3647:Buluggin ibn Ziri
3479:, which had been
3357:, in August 905.
3241:) and 'gateway' (
2991:
2990:
2918:Haatim Zakiyuddin
2882:Incumbent leaders
2717:Baghdad Manifesto
2671:Queen Arwa Mosque
2438:Fatimid Caliphate
2073:Muhammad al-Baqir
1998:Baghdad Manifesto
1954:
1917:Abdallah al-Akbar
1839:Muhammad al-Dibaj
1741:Umayyad Caliphate
1668:Abbasid Caliphate
1586:Abbasid Caliphate
1526:Fatimid Caliphate
1511:
1491:
1490:
1456:
1455:
1231:
1230:
1223:Tippu Tip's State
1121:
1120:
1093:Emirate of Beihan
825:Arabian Peninsula
816:
815:
571:
570:
355:Eastern dynasties
346:
345:
291:
290:
203:Nabataean Kingdom
193:Kingdom of Lihyan
154:
153:
63:Fatimid Caliphate
32:Fatimid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
10549:
10511:
10350:
10349:
10132:
10131:
9955:Sharifs of Mecca
9924:Vassal dynasties
9865:Bahram al-Armani
9786:
9785:
9732:Siege of Ascalon
9514:al-Mansur Billah
9480:
9473:
9466:
9457:
9456:
9451:
9430:
9418:
9397:
9378:
9356:
9334:
9325:
9303:
9282:
9258:
9225:
9213:
9197:
9178:
9157:
9142:Religion Compass
9126:
9120:
9114:
9108:
9102:
9096:
9090:
9084:
9078:
9072:
9066:
9060:
9054:
9048:
9042:
9036:
9027:
9021:
9015:
9009:
8998:
8992:
8975:
8969:
8963:
8957:
8951:
8945:
8939:
8933:
8927:
8921:
8915:
8909:
8903:
8897:
8891:
8885:
8879:
8873:
8867:
8861:
8855:
8849:
8843:
8837:
8831:
8825:
8819:
8813:
8804:
8798:
8792:
8786:
8780:
8774:
8768:
8762:
8749:
8746:Canard 1942–1947
8743:
8737:
8731:
8725:
8719:
8713:
8707:
8701:
8695:
8689:
8683:
8677:
8671:
8665:
8659:
8653:
8647:
8641:
8635:
8626:
8620:
8614:
8608:
8602:
8596:
8590:
8584:
8578:
8572:
8566:
8560:
8554:
8548:
8542:
8536:
8530:
8524:
8515:
8509:
8503:
8497:
8491:
8485:
8479:
8473:
8467:
8461:
8455:
8449:
8443:
8437:
8431:
8425:
8419:
8413:
8407:
8401:
8395:
8389:
8383:
8377:
8371:
8365:
8356:
8350:
8344:
8338:
8327:
8321:
8315:
8309:
8303:
8297:
8291:
8285:
8279:
8273:
8260:
8254:
8248:
8242:
8236:
8230:
8224:
8218:
8212:
8206:
8193:
8187:
8181:
8175:
8169:
8163:
8157:
8151:
8145:
8139:
8130:
8124:
8079:
8072:
8066:
8060:
8051:
8045:
8039:
8033:
8027:
8021:
8015:
8009:
8003:
7997:
7991:
7985:
7979:
7973:
7954:
7949:
7948:
7947:
7940:
7935:
7934:
7907:
7905:
7669:
7668: 1160–1171
7667:
7649:
7648: 1154–1160
7647:
7524:
7523: 1149–1154
7522:
7355:
7354: 1101–1130
7353:
7319:
7318: 1132–1149
7317:
7161:
7160: 1094–1101
7159:
7116:Abu Mansur Nizar
6985:
6984: 1036–1094
6983:
6849:
6848: 1021–1036
6847:
6716:
6714:
6535:
6533:
6522:Abu Mansur Nizar
6302:
6300:
6151:
6149:
5982:
5980:
5816:
5814:
5806:al-Mahdi bi'llah
5751:
5750:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5712:
5711:
5623:
5622:
5503:Maymun al-Qaddah
5499:
5498:
5492:
5486:
5479:
5478:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5377:al-Mahdi bi'llah
5323:(in concealment)
5304:Abu Ali Muhammad
5247:(in concealment)
5192:(in concealment)
5056:Ja'far al-Sadiq
4861:al-Hasan ibn Ali
4775:
4774:
4763:
4762:
4750:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4633:al-Mahdi bi'llah
4560:Abu Ali Muhammad
4254:Ja'far al-Sadiq
4049:al-Hasan ibn Ali
3969:
3899:
3898:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3863:
3862:
3843:
3841:khizana al-khass
3837:
3818:
3752:in 1005, and of
3743:
3741:
3720:
3687:
3685:
3637:
3626:arrived in Egypt
3619:
3593:
3591:
3570:
3564:
3556:
3554:
3538:
3536:
3470:Byzantine Empire
3433:
3427:
3418:
3403:
3397:
3392:in triumph. The
3375:
3361:Ruling an empire
3348:
3334:
3328:
3317:
3307:
3300:
3287:
3281:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3248:
3240:
3231:
3185:
3173:
3167:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3054:
3046:
3040:
3032:
3018:
3008:
3000:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2957:Islam portal
2955:
2954:
2953:
2936:Taher Fakhruddin
2901:Musta'li Ismaili
2550:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
2458:Hamdanid dynasty
2448:Sulayhid dynasty
2125:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2038:
1974:Maymun al-Qaddah
1959:
1949:
1947:
1935:
1910:
1904:
1890:
1888:
1871:
1869:
1828:
1809:
1792:
1790:
1781:
1779:
1754:
1745:Muslim community
1743:, a part of the
1738:
1736:
1691:
1597:
1583:
1573:
1536:and adhering to
1516:
1506:
1504:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1244:
1243:
1208:Nabahani dynasty
1153:Nabahani dynasty
1138:Makhzumi dynasty
1134:
1133:
829:
828:
584:
583:
383:Emirate of Crete
359:
358:
304:
303:
283:Kingdom of Kinda
233:Kingdom of Hatra
183:Kingdom of Qedar
179:
178:
168:
156:
155:
37:
36:
21:
10557:
10556:
10552:
10551:
10550:
10548:
10547:
10546:
10537:Fatimid dynasty
10522:
10521:
10520:
10515:
10497:
10456:
10433:Portable mihrab
10393:Al-Hakim Mosque
10337:
10320:
10314:
10233:and theologians
10232:
10224:
10167:
10117:
10084:
10034:
10022:
9919:
9792:
9781:
9775:
9580:
9504:al-Mahdi Billah
9490:
9484:
9454:
9394:
9375:
9341:Rowson, Everett
9322:
9300:
9279:
9263:Daftary, Farhad
9194:
9175:
9135:
9130:
9129:
9121:
9117:
9109:
9105:
9097:
9093:
9085:
9081:
9073:
9069:
9061:
9057:
9049:
9045:
9037:
9030:
9022:
9018:
9010:
9001:
8993:
8978:
8970:
8966:
8958:
8954:
8946:
8942:
8934:
8930:
8922:
8918:
8910:
8906:
8898:
8894:
8886:
8882:
8874:
8870:
8862:
8858:
8850:
8846:
8838:
8834:
8826:
8822:
8814:
8807:
8799:
8795:
8787:
8783:
8775:
8771:
8763:
8752:
8744:
8740:
8732:
8728:
8720:
8716:
8708:
8704:
8696:
8692:
8684:
8680:
8672:
8668:
8660:
8656:
8648:
8644:
8636:
8629:
8621:
8617:
8609:
8605:
8597:
8593:
8585:
8581:
8573:
8569:
8561:
8557:
8549:
8545:
8537:
8533:
8525:
8518:
8510:
8506:
8498:
8494:
8486:
8482:
8474:
8470:
8462:
8458:
8450:
8446:
8438:
8434:
8426:
8422:
8414:
8410:
8402:
8398:
8390:
8386:
8378:
8374:
8366:
8359:
8351:
8347:
8339:
8330:
8322:
8318:
8310:
8306:
8298:
8294:
8286:
8282:
8274:
8263:
8255:
8251:
8243:
8239:
8231:
8227:
8219:
8215:
8207:
8196:
8188:
8184:
8176:
8172:
8164:
8160:
8152:
8148:
8140:
8133:
8125:
8082:
8073:
8069:
8061:
8054:
8046:
8042:
8034:
8030:
8022:
8018:
8010:
8006:
7998:
7994:
7986:
7982:
7974:
7961:
7950:
7945:
7943:
7936:
7929:
7926:
7917:
7910:Fatimid caliphs
7908:denotes ruling
7903:
7902:
7901:
7689:
7664:
7662:
7657:
7644:
7642:
7637:
7636:Abu'l-Qasim Isa
7519:
7517:
7512:
7350:
7348:
7343:
7314:
7312:
7307:
7291:
7156:
7154:
7149:
6980:
6978:
6973:
6972:Abu Tamim Ma'ad
6844:
6842:
6837:
6836:Abu'l-Hasan Ali
6715: 996–1021
6711:
6709:
6704:
6530:
6528:
6525:al-Aziz bi'llah
6523:
6297:
6295:
6290:
6289:Abu Tamim Ma'ad
6146:
6144:
6139:
5977:
5975:
5970:
5811:
5809:
5804:
5745:
5743:Fatimid dynasty
5739:
5710:
5693:
5612:
5477:
5468:
5463:denotes imams,
5458:
5457:
5436:
5375:
5322:
5305:
5246:
5191:
4761:
4752:
4747:
4731:Daftary, Farhad
4729:
4727:
4718:
4717:
4699:
4694:
4636:
4631:
4578:
4561:
4502:
4447:
4392:
4333:
4256:
4199:
4123:
4068:
4051:
3963:
3893:
3890:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3804:
3742: 996–1021
3738:
3731:
3682:
3677:In 978, Caliph
3655:
3605:Fall of Rometta
3600:
3588:
3551:
3533:
3518:
3457:
3368:
3363:
3255:
3134:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
2987:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2908:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs
2889:Nizārī Ismā'īlī
2883:
2875:
2874:
2790:(al-Wāfī Ahmad)
2773:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq
2743:
2732:
2731:
2654:Qalaat al-Madiq
2585:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs
2453:Zurayid dynasty
2420:
2364:Sulaymani Bohra
2299:
2285:
2284:
2250:
2240:
2239:
2133:
2112:
2111:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2069:Vladimir Ivanov
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
1885:
1878:
1866:
1863:Harun al-Rashid
1819:Ja'far al-Sadiq
1787:
1776:
1733:
1723:
1718:
1578:. The Isma'ili
1524:that ruled the
1495:Fatimid dynasty
1487:
1458:
1457:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1168:Mahdali dynasty
1131:
1123:
1122:
1063:Muscat and Oman
833:Imamate of Oman
826:
818:
817:
581:
573:
572:
356:
348:
347:
301:
293:
292:
223:Emesene Dynasty
176:
124:
119:
114:
44:
41:
40:Fatimid dynasty
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10555:
10545:
10544:
10542:Shia dynasties
10539:
10534:
10532:Arab dynasties
10517:
10516:
10506:
10503:
10502:
10499:
10498:
10496:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10464:
10462:
10458:
10457:
10455:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10443:
10442:
10437:
10436:
10435:
10425:
10423:Juyushi Mosque
10420:
10415:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10385:
10380:
10379:
10378:
10373:
10362:
10360:
10347:
10343:
10342:
10339:
10338:
10336:
10335:
10330:
10324:
10322:
10316:
10315:
10313:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10236:
10234:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10222:
10221:
10220:
10215:
10205:
10204:
10203:
10193:
10192:
10191:
10181:
10175:
10173:
10169:
10168:
10166:
10165:
10164:
10163:
10149:
10144:
10138:
10136:
10129:
10123:
10122:
10119:
10118:
10116:
10115:
10110:
10109:
10108:
10103:
10092:
10090:
10086:
10085:
10083:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10041:
10039:
10024:
10023:
10021:
10020:
10010:
10000:
9982:
9972:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9938:
9927:
9925:
9921:
9920:
9918:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9845:Badr al-Jamali
9842:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9796:
9794:
9783:
9777:
9776:
9774:
9773:
9772:
9771:
9761:
9756:
9755:
9754:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9723:
9722:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9690:
9689:
9688:
9683:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:Struggle with
9660:
9650:
9641:
9636:
9630:
9623:
9617:
9611:
9605:
9599:
9594:
9588:
9586:
9582:
9581:
9579:
9578:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9524:al-Aziz Billah
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9500:
9498:
9492:
9491:
9483:
9482:
9475:
9468:
9460:
9453:
9452:
9431:
9423:Lewis, Bernard
9419:
9403:Graeco-Arabica
9398:
9392:
9379:
9373:
9357:
9337:Krämer, Gudrun
9326:
9320:
9304:
9298:
9283:
9277:
9259:
9218:Canard, Marius
9214:
9202:Canard, Marius
9198:
9192:
9179:
9173:
9158:
9148:(8): 191–206.
9136:
9134:
9131:
9128:
9127:
9115:
9103:
9091:
9079:
9067:
9055:
9043:
9041:, p. 149.
9028:
9016:
9014:, p. 855.
8999:
8997:, p. 854.
8976:
8964:
8962:, p. 162.
8952:
8950:, p. 161.
8940:
8938:, p. 159.
8928:
8926:, p. 158.
8916:
8904:
8892:
8890:, p. 156.
8880:
8878:, p. 147.
8868:
8856:
8854:, p. 146.
8844:
8842:, p. 143.
8832:
8830:, p. 145.
8820:
8818:, p. 142.
8805:
8793:
8781:
8769:
8767:, p. 853.
8750:
8738:
8726:
8724:, p. 141.
8714:
8712:, p. 128.
8702:
8690:
8688:, p. 127.
8678:
8666:
8654:
8642:
8640:, p. 120.
8627:
8625:, p. 117.
8615:
8603:
8591:
8589:, p. 116.
8579:
8567:
8555:
8553:, p. 108.
8543:
8531:
8529:, p. 100.
8516:
8504:
8492:
8480:
8468:
8456:
8444:
8432:
8420:
8418:, p. 200.
8408:
8396:
8384:
8382:, p. 103.
8372:
8370:, p. 107.
8357:
8345:
8343:, p. 105.
8328:
8316:
8304:
8292:
8280:
8278:, p. 852.
8261:
8249:
8237:
8225:
8223:, p. 101.
8213:
8211:, p. 851.
8194:
8182:
8170:
8158:
8146:
8131:
8080:
8067:
8065:, p. 850.
8052:
8040:
8028:
8016:
8004:
7992:
7980:
7958:
7957:
7956:
7955:
7941:
7925:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7889:
7884:
7882:
7880:
7878:
7876:
7874:
7872:
7870:
7868:
7866:
7864:
7862:
7860:
7858:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7848:
7846:
7844:
7842:
7840:
7838:
7836:
7834:
7832:
7830:
7828:
7826:
7824:
7822:
7820:
7818:
7816:
7814:
7812:
7810:
7808:
7806:
7804:
7802:
7800:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7790:
7785:
7783:
7781:
7779:
7777:
7775:
7773:
7771:
7769:
7767:
7765:
7763:
7761:
7759:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7743:
7741:
7739:
7737:
7735:
7733:
7731:
7729:
7727:
7725:
7723:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7709:
7707:
7705:
7703:
7701:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7691:
7681:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7673:
7671:
7653:
7651:
7633:
7631:
7629:
7627:
7625:
7623:
7621:
7619:
7617:
7615:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7601:
7599:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7591:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7581:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7573:
7571:
7569:
7567:
7565:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7543:
7538:
7536:
7535:Other children
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7508:
7506:
7501:
7499:
7494:
7492:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7471:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7463:
7461:
7459:
7457:
7455:
7453:
7451:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7431:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7423:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7367:
7366:Other children
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7342:Abu Ali Mansur
7339:
7337:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7327:
7325:
7323:
7321:
7303:
7301:
7299:
7297:
7295:
7293:
7286:
7284:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7271:
7269:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7259:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7241:
7239:
7237:
7235:
7233:
7231:
7229:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7221:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7199:
7197:
7195:
7193:
7191:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7145:
7143:
7142:Other children
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7107:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7099:
7097:
7095:
7093:
7091:
7089:
7087:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7077:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7067:
7065:
7063:
7061:
7059:
7057:
7055:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7043:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7025:
7023:
7021:
7019:
7017:
7015:
7013:
7011:
7009:
7007:
7005:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6987:
6969:
6967:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6947:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6939:
6937:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6913:
6911:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6903:
6901:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6879:
6877:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6827:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6807:
6805:
6803:
6801:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6777:
6775:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6763:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6755:
6753:
6751:
6749:
6747:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6737:
6735:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6723:
6722:Other children
6720:
6718:
6703:Abu Ali Mansur
6700:
6698:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6679:
6677:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6665:
6663:
6661:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6647:
6645:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6556:Other children
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534: 975–996
6519:
6517:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6347:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6301: 953–975
6286:
6284:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6178:
6176:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6158:
6157:Other children
6155:
6153:
6150: 946–953
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6056:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6008:
6006:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5993:Other children
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981: 934–946
5966:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5815: 909–934
5800:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5747:
5746:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5730:
5723:
5715:
5709:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5528:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5495:
5494:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5186:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5128:
5126:Musa al-Kadhim
5123:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4771:
4770:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4745:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4387:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4328:
4326:
4324:Musa al-Kadhim
4321:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3849:
3846:
3835:diwan al-khass
3803:
3800:
3730:
3727:
3686: 975–996
3654:
3651:
3599:
3596:
3592: 953–975
3555: 946–953
3537: 934–946
3517:
3514:
3490:Kalbid dynasty
3468:—but also the
3456:
3453:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3254:
3251:
3160:Zanj Rebellion
3025:Constantinople
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2898:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2863:
2858:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2801:
2793:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2673:
2668:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2604:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2555:Hasan-i Sabbah
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2352:
2340:
2338:Hebtiahs Bohra
2335:
2334:
2333:
2304:
2302:Branches/sects
2300:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2093:
2085:
2029:, the Arabist
1994:Farhad Daftary
1889: 909–934
1877:
1874:
1870: 786–809
1737: 656–661
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1267:Ras al Khaymah
1259:
1258:
1255:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1183:Mazrui dynasty
1179:
1178:
1175:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1005:
999:
998:
995:
989:
988:
985:
979:
978:
975:
969:
968:
965:
959:
958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
939:
938:
935:
929:
928:
925:
919:
918:
915:
909:
908:
905:
899:
898:
895:
889:
888:
885:
879:
878:
875:
869:
868:
865:
859:
858:
855:
849:
848:
845:
839:
838:
835:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
814:
813:
810:
804:
803:
800:
794:
793:
790:
784:
783:
780:
774:
773:
770:
764:
763:
760:
754:
753:
750:
744:
743:
740:
734:
733:
730:
724:
723:
720:
714:
713:
710:
704:
703:
700:
694:
693:
690:
684:
683:
680:
674:
673:
670:
664:
663:
660:
654:
653:
650:
644:
643:
640:
634:
633:
630:
624:
623:
620:
614:
613:
610:
604:
603:
600:
598:Fihrid Emirate
594:
593:
590:
582:
579:
578:
575:
574:
569:
568:
565:
559:
558:
555:
549:
548:
545:
539:
538:
535:
529:
528:
525:
519:
518:
515:
509:
508:
505:
499:
498:
495:
489:
488:
485:
479:
478:
475:
469:
468:
465:
459:
458:
455:
449:
448:
445:
439:
438:
435:
429:
428:
425:
419:
418:
415:
409:
408:
405:
399:
398:
395:
389:
388:
385:
379:
378:
375:
369:
368:
365:
357:
354:
353:
350:
349:
344:
343:
340:
334:
333:
330:
324:
323:
320:
314:
313:
310:
302:
299:
298:
295:
294:
289:
288:
285:
279:
278:
275:
269:
268:
265:
259:
258:
255:
249:
248:
245:
239:
238:
235:
229:
228:
225:
219:
218:
215:
209:
208:
205:
199:
198:
195:
189:
188:
185:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
161:
160:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
134:
130:
129:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10554:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10529:
10527:
10514:
10510:
10504:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10465:
10463:
10459:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10441:
10438:
10434:
10431:
10430:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10390:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10368:
10367:
10364:
10363:
10361:
10359:
10355:
10351:
10348:
10344:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10325:
10323:
10317:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10240:Hamdan Qarmat
10238:
10237:
10235:
10231:
10227:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10210:
10209:
10206:
10202:
10199:
10198:
10197:
10194:
10190:
10189:Hamza ibn Ali
10187:
10186:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10176:
10174:
10170:
10162:
10158:
10155:
10154:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10139:
10137:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10124:
10114:
10111:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10098:
10097:
10094:
10093:
10091:
10087:
10081:
10080:Qadi al-Fadil
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10042:
10040:
10038:
10033:
10029:
10025:
10018:
10014:
10011:
10008:
10004:
10001:
9998:
9994:
9990:
9986:
9983:
9980:
9976:
9973:
9970:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9950:
9946:
9942:
9939:
9936:
9932:
9929:
9928:
9926:
9922:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9797:
9795:
9791:
9787:
9784:
9778:
9770:
9767:
9766:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9752:
9748:
9745:
9744:
9743:
9739:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9727:First Crusade
9725:
9720:
9716:
9713:
9712:
9711:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9691:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:Uprisings of
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9665:
9661:
9658:
9654:
9651:
9648:
9645:
9644:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9634:
9631:
9628:
9625:Rebellion of
9624:
9621:
9618:
9615:
9612:
9609:
9606:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9597:Establishment
9595:
9593:
9590:
9589:
9587:
9583:
9577:
9576:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9497:
9493:
9488:
9481:
9476:
9474:
9469:
9467:
9462:
9461:
9458:
9449:
9445:
9441:
9437:
9432:
9428:
9424:
9420:
9416:
9412:
9408:
9404:
9399:
9395:
9393:90-04-09344-3
9389:
9385:
9380:
9376:
9370:
9366:
9362:
9358:
9354:
9350:
9346:
9342:
9338:
9333:
9327:
9323:
9317:
9313:
9309:
9305:
9301:
9299:0-7486-1733-7
9295:
9291:
9290:
9284:
9280:
9274:
9270:
9269:
9264:
9260:
9256:
9252:
9248:
9244:
9242:
9237:
9233:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9215:
9211:
9208:(in French).
9207:
9203:
9199:
9195:
9189:
9185:
9180:
9176:
9170:
9166:
9165:
9159:
9155:
9151:
9147:
9143:
9138:
9137:
9124:
9119:
9112:
9107:
9100:
9095:
9088:
9083:
9077:, p. 65.
9076:
9071:
9064:
9059:
9052:
9047:
9040:
9035:
9033:
9025:
9020:
9013:
9008:
9006:
9004:
8996:
8991:
8989:
8987:
8985:
8983:
8981:
8973:
8968:
8961:
8956:
8949:
8944:
8937:
8932:
8925:
8920:
8913:
8908:
8901:
8896:
8889:
8884:
8877:
8872:
8865:
8860:
8853:
8848:
8841:
8836:
8829:
8824:
8817:
8812:
8810:
8802:
8797:
8790:
8785:
8778:
8773:
8766:
8761:
8759:
8757:
8755:
8747:
8742:
8735:
8730:
8723:
8718:
8711:
8706:
8699:
8694:
8687:
8682:
8675:
8670:
8663:
8658:
8651:
8646:
8639:
8634:
8632:
8624:
8619:
8612:
8607:
8601:, p. 61.
8600:
8595:
8588:
8583:
8576:
8571:
8565:, p. 47.
8564:
8559:
8552:
8547:
8541:, p. 17.
8540:
8535:
8528:
8523:
8521:
8513:
8508:
8501:
8496:
8489:
8484:
8477:
8472:
8465:
8460:
8454:, p. 29.
8453:
8448:
8441:
8436:
8430:, p. 28.
8429:
8424:
8417:
8412:
8406:, p. 36.
8405:
8400:
8393:
8388:
8381:
8376:
8369:
8364:
8362:
8354:
8349:
8342:
8337:
8335:
8333:
8325:
8320:
8313:
8308:
8301:
8296:
8289:
8284:
8277:
8272:
8270:
8268:
8266:
8259:, p. 30.
8258:
8253:
8246:
8241:
8234:
8229:
8222:
8217:
8210:
8205:
8203:
8201:
8199:
8192:, p. 35.
8191:
8186:
8180:, p. 34.
8179:
8174:
8167:
8162:
8155:
8150:
8144:, p. 29.
8143:
8138:
8136:
8128:
8123:
8121:
8119:
8117:
8115:
8113:
8111:
8109:
8107:
8105:
8103:
8101:
8099:
8097:
8095:
8093:
8091:
8089:
8087:
8085:
8077:
8071:
8064:
8059:
8057:
8049:
8044:
8037:
8032:
8025:
8020:
8014:, p. 89.
8013:
8008:
8001:
7996:
7990:, p. 31.
7989:
7984:
7978:, p. 18.
7977:
7972:
7970:
7968:
7966:
7964:
7959:
7953:
7942:
7939:
7933:
7928:
7915:
7911:
7899:
7891:
7888:
7852:
7850:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7753:
7751:
7695:
7693:
7688:
7685:
7661:
7660:
7641:
7640:
7609:
7607:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7516:
7515:
7505:
7498:
7491:
7487:
7484:
7476:
7474:
7466:
7464:
7456:
7454:
7446:
7444:
7436:
7434:
7433:
7418:
7402:
7400:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7347:
7346:
7311:
7310:
7290:
7283:
7279:
7276:
7268:
7266:
7258:
7256:
7248:
7247:
7242:
7226:
7180:
7172:
7167:
7165:
7153:
7152:
7117:
7113:
7110:
7102:
7100:
7092:
7090:
7082:
7080:
7072:
7070:
7062:
7060:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7044:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6977:
6976:
6921:
6919:
6863:
6861:
6841:
6840:
6785:
6783:
6727:
6725:
6708:
6707:
6697:
6653:
6650:
6642:
6640:
6632:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6616:
6614:
6606:
6604:
6561:
6559:
6541:Sitt al-Malik
6527:
6526:
6516:
6475:
6472:
6466:
6464:
6456:
6454:
6446:
6444:
6436:
6434:
6426:
6424:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6408:
6378:
6376:
6360:
6358:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6294:
6293:
6238:
6236:
6162:
6160:
6143:
6142:
6090:
6087:
6079:
6077:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6053:
6051:
6043:
6041:
5998:
5996:
5988:Abu Ali Ahmad
5974:
5973:
5918:
5915:
5907:
5905:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5875:
5822:
5820:
5808:
5807:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5744:
5736:
5731:
5729:
5724:
5722:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5698:
5695:
5689:
5687:
5675:
5673:
5668:
5666:
5654:
5652:
5647:
5645:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5618:
5615:
5609:
5607:
5595:
5593:
5588:
5586:
5574:
5572:
5567:
5565:
5553:
5551:
5546:
5544:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5523:
5521:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5466:
5451:
5440:
5439:
5424:
5422:
5396:
5389:
5387:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5358:
5356:
5328:
5326:
5321:
5302:
5299:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5273:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5245:
5225:
5223:
5197:
5195:
5190:
5182:
5175:
5171:
5169:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5116:
5113:
5105:
5103:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5085:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5057:
5037:
5035:
5009:
5007:
5004:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4956:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4910:
4908:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4829:
4821:
4819:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4782:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4748:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4711:
4698:
4697:
4682:
4680:
4654:
4647:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4634:
4614:
4612:
4584:
4582:
4577:
4558:
4555:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4529:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4501:
4481:
4479:
4453:
4451:
4446:
4426:
4424:
4398:
4396:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4371:
4369:
4339:
4337:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4303:
4301:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4283:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4255:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4205:
4203:
4198:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4150:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4102:
4100:
4074:
4072:
4067:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4017:
4011:
4009:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3968:
3962:
3954:
3952:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3887:
3882:
3880:
3875:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3855:
3845:
3842:
3836:
3831:
3830:caravanserais
3827:
3826:Nasir Khusraw
3821:
3817:
3816:
3810:
3809:full marriage
3799:
3796:
3792:
3791:Hamza ibn Ali
3788:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3736:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3680:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3643:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3595:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3577:al-Mansuriyya
3574:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3549:
3544:
3542:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3380:tribe of the
3379:
3374:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3238:
3237:da'i al-du'at
3230:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3188:Hamdan Qarmat
3184:
3183:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3152:millennialist
3148:
3146:
3141:
3129:
3125:
3124:Syrian Desert
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3073:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2998:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2948:
2947:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2923:Dawoodi Bohra
2921:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Jama'at Khana
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:Nasir Khusraw
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2475:Hamdan Qarmat
2473:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2324:Dawoodi Bohra
2322:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2248:Seven Pillars
2244:
2243:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:Reincarnation
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2091:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2043:
2037:
2032:
2031:Bernard Lewis
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1883:
1873:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1835:Musa al-Kazim
1832:
1827:
1826:
1821:, appointed (
1820:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1785:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:rise to power
1762:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1731:
1728:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1678:and then the
1677:
1673:
1672:Sunni revival
1669:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1653:Twelver Shi'a
1650:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1635:, Yemen, and
1634:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1514:al-Fāṭimiyyūn
1509:
1500:
1496:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1357:Umm al-Quwain
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
991:
990:
986:
984:
981:
980:
976:
974:
971:
970:
966:
964:
961:
960:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
944:
941:
940:
936:
934:
931:
930:
926:
924:
921:
920:
916:
914:
911:
910:
906:
904:
901:
900:
896:
894:
891:
890:
886:
884:
881:
880:
876:
874:
871:
870:
866:
864:
861:
860:
856:
854:
851:
850:
846:
844:
841:
840:
836:
834:
831:
830:
822:
821:
811:
809:
806:
805:
801:
799:
796:
795:
791:
789:
786:
785:
781:
779:
776:
775:
771:
769:
766:
765:
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
749:
746:
745:
741:
739:
736:
735:
731:
729:
726:
725:
721:
719:
716:
715:
711:
709:
706:
705:
701:
699:
696:
695:
691:
689:
686:
685:
681:
679:
676:
675:
671:
669:
666:
665:
661:
659:
658:Muslim Sicily
656:
655:
651:
649:
646:
645:
641:
639:
636:
635:
631:
629:
626:
625:
621:
619:
616:
615:
611:
609:
606:
605:
601:
599:
596:
595:
591:
589:
586:
585:
577:
576:
566:
564:
561:
560:
556:
554:
551:
550:
546:
544:
541:
540:
536:
534:
531:
530:
526:
524:
521:
520:
516:
514:
511:
510:
506:
504:
501:
500:
496:
494:
491:
490:
486:
484:
481:
480:
476:
474:
471:
470:
466:
464:
461:
460:
456:
454:
451:
450:
446:
444:
441:
440:
436:
434:
431:
430:
426:
424:
421:
420:
416:
414:
411:
410:
406:
404:
401:
400:
396:
394:
391:
390:
386:
384:
381:
380:
376:
374:
371:
370:
366:
364:
361:
360:
352:
351:
341:
339:
336:
335:
331:
329:
326:
325:
321:
319:
316:
315:
311:
309:
306:
305:
297:
296:
287:450 AD–550 AD
286:
284:
281:
280:
276:
274:
271:
270:
266:
264:
261:
260:
256:
254:
251:
250:
246:
244:
241:
240:
236:
234:
231:
230:
227:64 BC–300s AD
226:
224:
221:
220:
217:132 BC–244 AD
216:
214:
211:
210:
207:400 BC–106 AD
206:
204:
201:
200:
197:600 BC–100 BC
196:
194:
191:
190:
187:800 BC–300 BC
186:
184:
181:
180:
172:
171:
167:
163:
162:
158:
157:
149:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
127:
122:
117:
112:
109:
107:Historic seat
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
54:
51:
49:Parent family
47:
38:
33:
19:
10483:al-Musabbihi
10403:Bab al-Futuh
10398:Aqmar Mosque
10358:architecture
10319:Anti-Fatimid
10230:Missionaries
10113:Fatimid navy
10096:Fatimid army
9820:Sitt al-Mulk
9782:and military
9647:Alexandretta
9574:
9573:
9496:Imam-Caliphs
9439:
9435:
9426:
9406:
9402:
9383:
9364:
9344:
9311:
9288:
9267:
9246:
9239:
9209:
9205:
9183:
9163:
9145:
9141:
9118:
9106:
9099:Daftary 2007
9094:
9082:
9070:
9058:
9046:
9019:
8972:Daftary 2007
8967:
8960:Daftary 2007
8955:
8948:Daftary 2007
8943:
8936:Daftary 2007
8931:
8924:Daftary 2007
8919:
8912:Daftary 2007
8907:
8900:Daftary 2007
8895:
8888:Daftary 2007
8883:
8876:Daftary 2007
8871:
8864:Daftary 2007
8859:
8852:Daftary 2007
8847:
8840:Daftary 2007
8835:
8828:Daftary 2007
8823:
8816:Daftary 2007
8796:
8784:
8777:Daftary 2007
8772:
8741:
8734:Daftary 2007
8729:
8722:Daftary 2007
8717:
8710:Daftary 2007
8705:
8698:Daftary 2007
8693:
8686:Daftary 2007
8681:
8674:Daftary 2007
8669:
8662:Daftary 2007
8657:
8650:Daftary 2007
8645:
8638:Daftary 2007
8623:Daftary 2007
8618:
8611:Daftary 2007
8606:
8594:
8587:Daftary 2007
8582:
8575:Daftary 2007
8570:
8558:
8551:Daftary 2007
8546:
8534:
8527:Daftary 2007
8512:Daftary 2007
8507:
8495:
8483:
8471:
8459:
8447:
8435:
8423:
8411:
8399:
8392:Daftary 2007
8387:
8380:Daftary 2007
8375:
8368:Daftary 2007
8353:Daftary 2007
8348:
8341:Daftary 2007
8324:Daftary 2007
8319:
8312:Daftary 2007
8307:
8295:
8288:Daftary 2007
8283:
8252:
8240:
8228:
8221:Daftary 2007
8216:
8185:
8173:
8166:Daftary 2007
8161:
8149:
8070:
8048:Daftary 2007
8043:
8036:Daftary 2007
8031:
8019:
8012:Daftary 2007
8007:
8000:Daftary 2007
7995:
7983:
7952:Islam portal
7913:
7687:hidden imams
7658:
7638:
7513:
7344:
7308:
7289:Nizari imams
7150:
7122:Abu Abdallah
6974:
6838:
6705:
6696:Sitt al-Mulk
6524:
6317:Abd al-Rahim
6291:
6140:
5971:
5805:
5742:
5464:
5437:
5376:
4988:Zayd ibn Ali
4735:
4724:
4695:
4632:
4182:Zayd ibn Ali
3848:Family trees
3822:
3805:
3775:
3732:
3676:
3656:
3644:
3613:
3601:
3545:
3527:
3494:
3474:
3458:
3421:
3411:regnal title
3401:hujjat Allah
3369:
3294:
3256:
3149:
3135: 827/8
3108:Askar Mukram
3061:
2992:
2805:
2797:
2789:
2788:ʿAbad Allāh
2681:Constitution
2659:
2658:
2595:
2594:
2570:Pir Sadardin
2530:al-Naysaburi
2515:al-Sijistani
2468:
2467:
2422:
2421:
2391:
2381:
2380:
2354:
2347:
2328:
2315:
2314:
2307:
2301:
2026:
2024:
2007:
2003:Orientalists
1925:
1912:
1898:
1879:
1816:
1812:Ghadir Khumm
1797:. A line of
1724:
1676:Seljuk Turks
1661:
1656:
1641:
1565:
1557:Alavi Bohras
1494:
1492:
1452:1921–present
1437:1900–present
1422:1868–present
1407:1833–present
1392:1810–present
1377:1783–present
1362:1775–present
1347:1761–present
1332:1752–present
1317:1749–present
1302:1744–present
1297:Saudi Arabia
1287:1727–present
1272:1727–present
1257:1631–present
267:300s–500s AD
121:al-Mansuriya
10413:Bab Zuweila
10408:Bab al-Nasr
10376:Skifa Kahla
10328:Akhu Muhsin
10245:Ibn Hawshab
10152:Esotericism
10075:al-Basasiri
9793:and regents
9442:: 143–191.
9409:: 190–208.
9361:Halm, Heinz
9308:Halm, Heinz
9236:Schacht, J.
9232:Pellat, Ch.
9024:Canard 1965
9012:Canard 1965
8995:Canard 1965
8801:Canard 1965
8765:Canard 1965
8416:Andani 2016
8300:Andani 2016
8276:Canard 1965
8209:Canard 1965
8154:Canard 1965
8076:Andani 2016
8063:Canard 1965
3696:emirate of
3204:Ibn Hawshab
2932:Qutbi Bohra
2914:Alavi Bohra
2896:Aga Khan IV
2374:Qutbi Bohra
2369:Alavi Bohra
2330:Progressive
1966:Akhu Muhsin
1751:ahl al-bayt
1614:as well as
1157:Pate Island
1130:East Africa
923:Sulaymanids
863:Ukhaidhirds
648:Sulaymanids
618:Muhallabids
523:Munqidhites
423:Shirvanshah
277:300s–602 AD
247:196–1100 AD
237:100s–241 AD
147:Dissolution
97:Final ruler
10526:Categories
10270:Abu Tammam
10179:Qarmatians
10127:Isma'ilism
10065:Manjutakin
9780:Government
9736:Regime of
9708:Revolt of
9692:Revolt of
9332:"Fāṭimids"
9245:Volume II:
9223:"Fāṭimids"
9212:: 156–193.
9174:9004117415
9123:Lewis 1940
8539:Brett 2017
8404:Brett 2001
8257:Brett 2001
8190:Brett 2001
8178:Brett 2001
8142:Brett 2001
7988:Brett 2001
7976:Brett 2017
7924:References
7898:designated
4393:(7th imam)
4334:(6th imam)
4257:(5th imam)
4200:(4th imam)
4124:(3rd imam)
4069:(2nd imam)
4052:(1st imam)
3852:See also:
3783:antinomian
3326:Fatimiyyun
3310:Qarmatians
3062:While the
2686:Delegation
2642:Maymun-Diz
2525:al-Shirazi
2520:al-Kirmani
2505:Qadi Numan
2404:Qarmatians
2293:Musta'lism
2280:Pilgrimage
2220:Numerology
2114:Isma'ilism
1970:antinomian
1957:Banu Ubayd
1893:Heinz Halm
1829:) his son
1791: 680
1780: 670
1620:conquering
1600:Qarmatians
1443:Hashemites
1398:Al Maktoum
1368:Al Khalifa
1053:Upper Yafa
1043:Ya'arubids
883:Qarmatians
768:Sumadihids
257:220–638 AD
253:Ghassanids
128:(973–1171)
116:al-Mahdiya
18:Obaidallah
10383:Mansuriya
10201:Assassins
10135:Doctrines
10032:governors
10028:Officials
10003:Banu Kanz
9989:Hamdanids
9985:Sulayhids
9975:Mirdasids
9969:Palestine
9965:Jarrahids
9945:Hammadids
9810:Ibn Ammar
9694:Abu Rakwa
9666:(974–978)
9635:(958–960)
9629:(943–947)
9627:Abu Yazid
9622:(937–941)
9616:(919–921)
9610:(914–915)
9604:(913–917)
9415:183390203
9353:1873-9830
9255:495469475
9228:Lewis, B.
9111:Halm 1991
9051:Halm 2014
9039:Halm 2014
8599:Halm 1991
8563:Halm 1991
8500:Halm 1991
8488:Halm 1991
8476:Halm 1991
8464:Halm 1991
8452:Halm 1991
8440:Halm 1991
8428:Halm 1991
8245:Halm 1991
8233:Halm 1991
8127:Halm 2014
8024:Halm 1991
7282:al-Husayn
5490:Mustakarr
5484:Mustawda'
5320:al-Husayn
4576:al-Husayn
3815:umm walad
3750:Cyrenaica
3746:Abu Rukwa
3707:Ya'furids
3690:Jarrahids
3622:Ikhshidid
3548:Abu Yazid
3510:Cyrenaica
3481:conquered
3449:Kharijism
3386:Aghlabids
3351:Sijilmasa
3145:al-Husayn
3120:Salamiyah
2822:al-Manṣūr
2763:al-Sajjad
2696:Holy Du'a
2575:Aga Khans
2510:al-Nasafi
2431:state of
2429:Qarmatian
2409:Assassins
2143:Batiniyya
2081:al-Mu'izz
2064:mustakarr
2056:permanent
2042:mustakarr
2036:mustawda'
1978:Khuzistan
1962:Ibn Rizam
1951:romanized
1618:, before
1553:Aga Khans
1517:) was an
1508:romanized
1503:الفاطميون
1428:Al Sharqi
1383:Al Nuaimi
1353:Al Mualla
1342:Abu Dhabi
1338:Al Nahyan
1278:Al Qasimi
1263:Al Qasimi
1227:1860–1887
1217:1858–1895
1202:1856–1964
1192:1746–1828
1177:1277–1495
1162:1203–1894
1117:1926–1970
1107:1906–1934
1097:1903–1967
1087:1858–1967
1083:Qu'aitids
1077:1836–1921
1073:Rashidids
1067:1820–1970
1057:1800–1967
1047:1624–1742
1037:1597–1872
1027:1463–1521
1017:1454–1526
1007:1395–1967
1003:Kathirids
997:1305–1487
993:Jarwanids
987:1253–1320
977:1229–1454
967:1159–1174
957:1154–1624
953:Nabhanids
947:1083–1174
937:1076–1253
927:1063–1174
917:1047–1138
913:Sulayhids
812:1837–1969
808:Senussids
802:1554–1659
792:1230–1492
782:1049–1078
772:1041–1091
762:1039–1110
752:1031–1091
748:Jawharids
742:1027–1063
738:Muzaynids
732:1026–1057
728:Hammudids
722:1023–1062
718:Yahsubids
712:1023–1091
702:1020–1086
692:1013–1039
682:1012–1051
672:1004–1412
638:Aghlabids
567:1697–1842
557:1517–1865
547:1480–1677
537:1517–1697
527:1025–1157
517:1024–1080
513:Mirdasids
503:Numayrids
483:Jarrahids
473:Mazyadids
453:Hamdanids
443:Hashimids
403:Habbarids
393:Dulafids
243:Tanukhids
123:(948–973)
118:(921–948)
113:(909–921)
69:Etymology
53:Husaynids
43:الفاطميون
10321:movement
10300:Abdallah
10208:Musta'li
10089:Military
10037:generals
9993:Zurayids
9949:Ifriqiya
9855:Kutayfat
9815:Barjawan
9742:al-Hafiz
9738:Kutayfat
9715:Musta'li
9664:Alptakin
9448:25684056
9425:(1940).
9343:(eds.).
9310:(1991).
9265:(2007).
9238:(eds.).
9220:(1965).
9087:Lev 1991
9075:Lev 1991
9063:Lev 1991
8789:Lev 1995
7896:denotes
7887:Sulayman
7490:Sulayman
7127:Abdallah
6515:Abdallah
6132:al-Qasim
5692:Muhammad
5548:Muhammad
5526:Abdallah
5435:Muhammad
5374:Abdallah
5360:Daughter
4733:(2007).
4728:Source:
4693:Muhammad
4630:Abdallah
4616:Daughter
4445:Abdallah
3920:Muhammad
3918:Prophet
3787:al-Darzi
3758:Uqaylids
3735:al-Hakim
3694:Hamdanid
3581:Kairouan
3530:Mahdiyya
3486:holy war
3462:Umayyads
3406:Rustamid
3220:Ifriqiya
3214:, 899),
3186:s) like
2817:al-Qāʾim
2768:al-Baqir
2622:Atashgah
2414:Satpanth
2399:Seveners
2309:Musta'li
2297:Nizarism
2225:Theology
2132:Concepts
2103:a series
2101:Part of
1946:بنو عبيد
1859:Muhammad
1855:Twelvers
1851:vanished
1757:Abbasids
1702:Tayyibis
1680:Crusades
1657:Ubaydids
1608:Ifriqiya
1590:Abdallah
1561:Vadodara
1538:Isma'ili
1432:Fujairah
1413:Al Thani
1323:Al Sabah
1212:Wituland
1147:896–1279
1103:Idrisids
1033:Qasimids
1013:Tahirids
983:Usfurids
973:Rasulids
943:Zurayids
907:968–1925
893:Wajihids
887:899–1077
877:897–1962
867:865–1066
853:Yufirids
847:819–1138
843:Ziyadids
837:751–1970
778:Tahirids
708:Abbadids
688:Tujibids
662:831–1091
628:Idrisids
612:756–1031
592:710–1019
588:Salihids
553:Harfushs
543:Turabays
507:990–1081
497:990–1096
493:Uqaylids
487:970–1107
477:961–1150
467:955–1071
463:Rawadids
457:890–1004
447:869–1075
427:861–1538
413:Kaysites
407:854–1011
377:736–1122
342:909–1171
338:Fatimids
332:750–1258
328:Abbasids
318:Umayyads
308:Rashidun
273:Lakhmids
263:Salihids
10366:Mahdiya
10346:Culture
10213:Tayyibi
10142:Imamate
10106:Ghilman
9931:Kalbids
9915:Saladin
9910:Shirkuh
9905:Dirgham
9800:Jawdhar
9790:Viziers
9751:Tayyibi
9585:History
9575:Dynasty
9133:Sources
7684:Tayyibi
7497:Haydara
7132:Isma'il
6546:Rashida
5181:Twelver
4382:Twelver
4374:Fathite
3767:Tripoli
3717:ghilman
3703:Tripoli
3679:al-Aziz
3466:Cordoba
3437:Sanhaja
3390:Raqqada
3355:Morocco
3341:Tulunid
3321:Bedouin
3208:Bahrayn
3089:
3021:Baghdad
2905:Taiyabi
2804:Ḥusayn
2741:leaders
2713:Abbasid
2647:Rudkhan
2632:Lambsar
2627:Gerdkuh
2617:Alamut
2607:Anjudan
2596:Centers
2540:Pamiris
2433:Bahrayn
2317:Tayyibi
2275:Fasting
2270:Charity
2255:Walayah
2153:Imamate
2050:
2015:Tayyibi
1982:sharifs
1953::
1936:)—many
1847:messiah
1710:al-Adid
1706:Saladin
1698:Nizaris
1684:viziers
1612:Maghreb
1598:as the
1545:imamate
1541:Shi'ism
1522:dynasty
1510::
1372:Bahrain
1308:Al Said
1293:Al Saud
1282:Sharjah
1252:Morocco
1248:'Alawis
1187:Mombasa
1023:Jabrids
963:Mahdids
933:Uyunids
897:926–965
873:Rassids
857:847–997
798:Saadids
788:Nasrids
698:Amirids
678:Bakrids
668:Kanzids
652:814–922
642:800–909
632:788–974
622:771–793
602:745-757
563:Shihabs
533:Ma'nids
437:864–928
433:Alavids
417:860–964
397:840–897
387:824–961
367:654–884
322:661–750
312:632–661
111:Raqqada
87:Founder
79:Founded
59:Country
10218:Hafizi
10196:Nizari
10101:Kutama
10060:Bakjur
10055:Jawhar
10017:Multan
9991:, and
9979:Aleppo
9941:Zirids
9935:Sicily
9900:Shawar
9753:schism
9747:Hafizi
9721:schism
9719:Nizari
9675:Apamea
9670:Aleppo
9489:topics
9446:
9413:
9390:
9371:
9351:
9318:
9296:
9275:
9253:
9234:&
9190:
9171:
7906:
7904:
7361:Ja'far
5569:Husayn
5461:
5459:
4743:
4721:
4719:
3980:Fatima
3779:Sharia
3711:Buyids
3698:Aleppo
3672:Medina
3630:Fustat
3609:Jawhar
3561:Dajjal
3477:Sicily
3445:Zenata
3441:Maliki
3382:Kutama
3378:Berber
3218:, and
3216:Persia
3013:. The
2796:Ahmad
2758:Husayn
2739:Early
2706:Qiyama
2691:Ginans
2676:Nizārī
2637:Masyaf
2580:Khojas
2469:People
2443:Multan
2423:States
2393:Nizari
2383:Hafizi
2265:Prayer
2260:Purity
2235:Titles
2210:Taqiya
2148:Ta'wil
1990:Medina
1942:Arabic
1795:Fatima
1784:Husayn
1782:) and
1727:Caliph
1716:Origin
1700:, and
1637:Multan
1631:, the
1629:Levant
1616:Sicily
1530:Fatima
1499:Arabic
1447:Jordan
1327:Kuwait
758:Hudids
141:Caliph
133:Titles
73:Fatima
10513:Media
10388:Cairo
10184:Druze
10161:Zahir
10157:Batin
10147:Hujja
10007:Nubia
9997:Yemen
9835:Rasad
9710:Nizar
9649:(971)
9444:JSTOR
9226:. In
7788:Dawud
7530:Yusuf
7504:Hasan
6509:Tamim
5649:Ahmad
5611:Sa'id
5590:Ahmad
5244:Ahmad
5183:imams
4500:Ahmad
4384:imams
4376:imams
4240:imams
4238:Zaydi
3795:Druze
3762:Mosul
3668:Mecca
3659:Syria
3640:Cairo
3617:da'wa
3579:near
3568:da'wa
3431:mahdi
3425:mahdi
3346:da'wa
3337:Ramla
3332:da'wa
3305:mahdi
3298:da'wa
3279:mahdi
3272:hujja
3266:mahdi
3260:da'wa
3200:Yemen
3171:da'wa
3165:mahdi
3140:da'wa
3128:Ahmad
3116:Basra
3103:hujja
3080:hujja
3072:da'wa
3065:mahdi
3051:zahir
3044:mahdi
3037:batin
3030:mahdi
3016:mahdi
3005:qa'im
2997:mahdi
2753:Hasan
2727:Women
2660:Other
2602:Cairo
2356:Vakil
2349:Badar
2198:Hujja
2183:Daʿwa
2163:Bātin
2158:Ẓāhir
2138:Quran
2107:Islam
2090:da'wa
2077:Hejaz
2011:Druze
1986:Mecca
1976:from
1938:Sunni
1799:imams
1773:Hasan
1694:Druze
1689:da'wa
1649:Sunni
1633:Hejaz
1624:Cairo
1604:Yemen
1595:da'wa
1581:da'wa
1570:da'wa
1417:Qatar
1402:Dubai
1387:Ajman
1172:Kilwa
1142:Shewa
126:Cairo
10356:and
10159:and
10035:and
10013:Lodi
9943:and
9655:and
9411:OCLC
9388:ISBN
9369:ISBN
9349:ISSN
9316:ISBN
9294:ISBN
9273:ISBN
9251:OCLC
9188:ISBN
9169:ISBN
8074:cf.
7914:bold
6551:Abda
4741:ISBN
3967:asas
3789:and
3670:and
3504:and
3395:da'i
3373:da'i
3315:da'i
3285:da'i
3229:da'i
3196:Kufa
3182:da'i
3112:Iran
3095:seal
3086:lit.
3057:Adam
2892:Imām
2295:and
2205:Satr
2188:Dāʿī
2178:ʿIlm
2173:'Aql
2047:lit.
1988:and
1964:and
1928:Alid
1902:satr
1841:and
1825:nass
1806:nass
1769:Shia
1651:and
1606:and
1532:and
1519:Arab
1493:The
1312:Oman
150:1171
139:and
137:Imam
10354:Art
9657:2nd
9653:1st
9247:C–G
9150:doi
5670:Ali
3760:of
3748:in
3594:).
3506:919
3502:914
3497:Fez
3464:of
3413:of
3245:bab
2748:Ali
2215:Pīr
2193:Bāb
2168:Nūr
2105:on
1984:of
1730:Ali
1534:Ali
82:909
10528::
10030:,
9987:,
9440:36
9438:.
9405:.
9243:.
9230:;
9210:VI
9146:10
9144:.
9031:^
9002:^
8979:^
8808:^
8753:^
8630:^
8519:^
8360:^
8331:^
8264:^
8197:^
8134:^
8083:^
8055:^
7962:^
7666:r.
7646:r.
7521:r.
7352:r.
7316:r.
7158:r.
6982:r.
6846:r.
6713:r.
6532:r.
6299:r.
6148:r.
5979:r.
5813:r.
3740:r.
3684:r.
3642:.
3590:r.
3553:r.
3543:.
3535:r.
3132:c.
2934::
2925::
2916::
2910::
2894::
2868:/
2854:/
2045:,
2005:.
1948:,
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