1792:
1911:
1118:
638:
1990:
1958:
community quickly prepared its application for cultural autonomy. Statistics on Jewish citizens were compiled. They totaled 3,045, fulfilling the minimum requirement of 3000 for cultural autonomy. In June 1926 the Jewish
Cultural Council was elected and Jewish cultural autonomy was declared. Jewish cultural autonomy was of great interest to the global Jewish community. The Jewish National Endowment presented the Estonian government with a certificate of gratitude for this achievement.
1350:
continued the practice of dragooning
Estonian men, although the majority joined the German Army voluntarily, often out of the desire to fight the USSR, which had made strong enemies with many groups of society in Estonia after introducing their Marxist economic system. Up to March 1942 drafted Estonians mostly served in the rear of the Army Group North security. On August 28, 1942 the German powers announced the legal compilation of the so-called "Estonian Legion" within the
876:
1588:
1293:
1222:
1054:
1520:
agreement had been reached with the
Germans, and the Estonians were promised amnesty if they chose to return and fight in the SS. As soon as they landed, the regiment was sent to perform a counter-attack against the Soviet 3rd Baltic Front, which had managed a breakthrough on the Tartu front, and was threatening the capital Tallinn.
2043:, Aleksander Laak and Ervin Viks that have faced trials for crimes against humanity. Since the reestablishment of the Estonian independence markers were put in place for the 60th anniversary of the mass executions that were carried out at the Lagedi, Vaivara and Klooga (Kalevi-Liiva) camps in September 1944.
2096:
even made a motion for a resolution acknowledging the 48 years of occupation as a fact. The final version of the resolution of
European parliament, however, only acknowledged Estonia's loss of independence lasting from 1940 to 1991 and that annexation of Estonia by Soviet Union was considered illegal
1101:
stopped its advance and hung back, leaving the
Estonians to do the fighting. The battle of Tartu lasted two weeks, and destroyed most of the city. Under the leadership of Friedrich Kurg, the Estonian partisans drove the Soviets from Tartu on their own. In the meanwhile, the Soviets had been murdering
1179:
Rosenberg felt that the "Estonians were the most
Germanic out of the people living in the Baltic area, having already reached 50 percent of Germanization through Danish, Swedish and German influence". Non-suitable Estonians were to be moved to a region that Rosenberg called "Peipusland" to make room
2892:
Estonia, as an independent Member State of the EU and NATO, has the sovereign right to assess its recent tragic past, starting with the loss of independence as a result of the Hitler-Stalin Pact of 1939 and including three years under Hitler's occupation and terror, as well as 48 years under Soviet
2078:
Given the frequency with which police units changed their personnel, the
Commission does not believe that membership in the cited units, or in any specific unit is, on its own, proof of involvement in crimes. However, those individuals who served in the units during the commission of crimes against
1839:
Although the
Directorate did not have complete freedom of action, it exercised a significant measure of autonomy, within the framework of German policy, political, racial and economic. For example, the Directors exercised their powers pursuant to the laws and regulations of the Republic of Estonia,
1519:
received a letter from the
Estonians. It had been signed in the name of "all national organizations of Estonia" by Aleksander Warma, Karl Talpak and several others, seconding the request. It was then announced that the regiment would be disbanded and that the volunteers were free to return home. An
2001:
Unlike German forces, some support apparently existed among an undefined segment of the local collaborators for anti-Jewish actions. The standard form used for the cleansing operations was arrest 'because of communist activity'. The equation between Jews and communists evoked a positive response
1957:
and 70 of these men were volunteers. From the very first days of her existence as a state, Estonia showed her tolerance towards all the peoples inhabiting her territories. On 12 February 1925 the
Estonian government passed a law pertaining to the cultural autonomy of minority peoples. The Jewish
1387:
delivered a radio address on February 7 that implored all able-bodied men born from 1904 through 1923 to report for military service in the SS (before this, Uluots had opposed any German mobilization of Estonians.) Following Uluots' address, 38.000 conscripts jammed registration centers. Several
1349:
countries. After the annexation, Estonians were subject to conscription into the Red Army, which by international law is illegal if Estonia is not considered to have been a part of the USSR. When the Soviets retreated from Estonia and Germany fully occupied it, in the summer of 1941, the Germans
1113:
on August 28. On that day, the Soviet flag shot down earlier on Pikk Hermann was replaced with the flag of Estonia by Fred Ise. After the Soviets were driven from Estonia, German troops disarmed all partisan groups. The Estonian flag was soon replaced with the German one, and the 2,000 Estonian
2919:
Estonia, as an independent Member State of the EU and NATO, has the sovereign right to assess its recent tragic past, starting with the loss of independence resulting from the Hitler-Stalin Pact of 1939 and ending only in 1991, the Soviet occupation and annexation of the Baltic States was never
1392:
to join the newly formed Territorial Defense Force, assigned to defend Estonia against the Soviet advance. The maximum number of Estonians enrolled in German military units was 70,000. The initial formation of the volunteer Estonian Legion created in 1942 was eventually expanded to become a
1367:, recalled to Finland for political reasons. In March 1943, a partial mobilization was carried out in Estonia during which 12,000 men were conscripted into the SS. On May 5, 1943 the 3rd Waffen-SS Brigade (Estonian), another fully Estonian unit, was formed and sent to the front near
1073:
lost the most men, as a large group of Estonian soldiers and officers deserted from it. Furthermore, the border guards of Soviet Estonia mostly had fought for an independent Estonia, and they also escaped to the forests, becoming some of the best Estonian fighters. Estonian writer
2015:. Jews that had remained in Estonia (921 according to Martin Sandberger, 929 according to Evgenia Goorin-Loov and 963 according to Walter Stahlecker) were killed. Fewer than a dozen Estonian Jews are known to have survived the war in Estonia. The Nazi regime also established 22
1242:
In June 1944 the elector's assembly of the Republic of Estonia gathered in secrecy from the occupying powers in Tallinn and appointed JĂĽri Uluots as the prime minister with the responsibilities of the President. On June 21 JĂĽri Uluots appointed Otto Tief as deputy prime minister.
1258:
was replaced with the tricolor flag of Estonia. On September 22 the Red Army took Tallinn and the Estonian flag on Pikk Hermann was replaced with the Soviet flag. The Estonian underground government, not officially recognized by either the Nazi Germany or Soviet Union, fled to
2073:
The conclusions of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity are available online. It says that there is an evidence of Estonian units' involvement in crimes against humanity, and acts of genocide; however, the commission noted
1231:
In June 1942 political leaders of Estonia who had survived Soviet repressions held a hidden meeting from the occupying powers in Estonia where the formation of an underground Estonian government and the options for preserving continuity of the republic were discussed.
1358:
was nominated the commander of the legion. Up to the end of 1942 about 1,280 men volunteered into the training camp. Bataillon Narwa was formed from the first 800 men of the Legion to have finished their training at Heidelager, being sent in April 1943 to join the
1187:
The initial enthusiasm that accompanied the liberation from Soviet occupation quickly waned as a result and the Germans had limited success in recruiting volunteers. The draft was introduced in 1942, resulting in some 3400 men fleeing to Finland to fight in the
1966:
by the Soviets. It is estimated that 350–500 Jews suffered this fate. About three-fourths of Estonian Jewry managed to leave the country during this period. Out the approximately 4,300 Jews in Estonia prior to the war, almost 1000 were entrapped by the Nazis.
1405:
throughout 1944. Many Estonians hoped that they would attract support from the Allies, and ultimately a restoration of their interwar independence, by resisting the Soviet reoccupation of their country. In the end, there was no Allied military support
2118:
Views of World War II veteran, a Russian fought on the Soviet side in Estonia answering a question: How do you feel being called an "occupier"? " Viktor Andreyev: "Half believe one thing half believe another. That's in the run of
1492:) of the 45th Regiment led by Harald Riipalu and the fusiliers (previously "Narva"), under the leadership of Hatuf Hando Ruus, were involved in repelling the attack. Finally, Narva was evacuated and a new front was settled on the
3820:
1129:
as soon as the Soviet regime retreated and before German troops arrived. Estonian partisans that drove the Red Army from Tartu made it possible. That all was for nothing since the Germans had made their plans as set out in
4418:
1453:
was successful against another bridgehead, at Vaasa-Siivertsi-VepsakĂĽla. On March 6, this work was complete. The Leningrad Front concentrated 9 corps at Narva against 7 divisions and one brigade. On March 1, the Soviet
4984:
1961:
There were, at the time of Soviet occupation in 1940, approximately 4000 Estonian Jews. The Jewish Cultural Autonomy was immediately abolished. Jewish cultural institutions were closed down. Many of Jewish people were
58:
2063:
1382:
By January 1944, the front was pushed back by the Red Army almost all the way to the former Estonian border. JĂĽri Uluots, the last constitutional Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia, the leader of Estonian
4423:
6124:
4448:
2187:
1569:
Peninsula. According to the Soviet data, the conquest of the territory of Estonia cost them 126,000 casualties. Some disregard the official figures and argue that a more realistic number is 480,000 for the
3813:
1952:
granted them the right to enter the region. The creation of the Republic of Estonia in 1918 marked the beginning of a new era for the Jews. Approximately 200 Jews fought in combat for the creation of the
2114:
fought on the Soviet side: "Estonia's participation in World War II was inevitable. Every Estonian had only one decision to make: whose side to take in that bloody fight – the Nazis' or the anti-Hitler
4453:
4433:
2107:
Views of World War II veteran, an Estonian Ilmar Haaviste fought on the German side: "Both regimes were equally evil – there was no difference between the two except that Stalin was more cunning".
1574:
only, considering the intensity of the fighting at the front. On the German side, their own data shows 30,000 dead, which some have similarly seen as underrated, preferring at the minimum 45,000.
3806:
2100:
The position of the Russian Government: Russia has denied that Soviet Union illegally annexed the Baltic republics of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia in 1940. The Kremlin's European affairs chief
116:
4458:
2092:
According to the Estonian point of view, the occupation of Estonia by Soviet Union lasted five decades, only interrupted by the German occupation of 1941–1944. Estonian representatives at the
2066:
has reviewed the role of Estonian military units and police battalions in an effort to identify the role of Estonian military units and police battalions participation during World War II in
1466:
and the 659th Eastern Battalion commanded by Georg Sooden were involved in defeating the operation. On March 17, twenty Soviet divisions again unsuccessfully attacked the three divisions in
1203:
With the Allied victory over Germany becoming certain in 1944, the only option to save Estonia's independence was to stave off a new Soviet invasion of Estonia until Germany's capitulation.
4536:
4413:
4443:
1557:
As Finland left the war on September 4, 1944 according to their peace agreement with the USSR, the defence of the mainland became practically impossible and the German command decided to
1375:
2002:
among some Estonians. Estonians often argued that their Jewish colleagues and friends were not communists and submitted proofs of pro-Estonian conduct in hope to get them released.
1609:
1310:
1078:
wrote in 1941: "These days bogs and forests are more populated than farms and fields. The forests and bogs are our territory while the fields and farms are occupied by the enemy ".
599:
4944:
4763:
4668:
2023:
housed 1,300 prisoners at a time. These prisoners were mainly Jews, with smaller groups of Russians, Dutch, and Estonians. Several thousand foreign Jews were killed at the
1716:(SSPF) was responsible for internal security and war against the resistance and was directly subordinated to the Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) of Ostland, not to the
210:
965:
1470:. On April 7, the leadership of the Red Army ordered to go on the defensive. In March the Soviets committed bombing attacks towards the towns of Estonia, including the
5695:
280:
5263:
4959:
6214:
4794:
4371:
4232:
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2104:: "There was no occupation." Russian State officials look at the events in Estonia in the end of World War II as the liberation from fascism by the Soviet Union.
952:
In the summer of 1941, the German invaders were at first seen by most Estonians as liberators from Soviet terror, since the Germans arrived only a week after the
5448:
3569:
2474:
2143:
1398:
5473:
1970:
Round-ups and killings of Jews began immediately following the arrival of the first German troops in 1941, who were closely followed by the extermination squad
1511:, the Estonian Ambassador to Finland (1939–1940 (1944)) announced that the National Committee of the Estonian Republic had sent a telegram, which requested the
4526:
1212:
296:
6012:
4829:
4212:
1235:
On January 6, 1943 a meeting was held at the Estonian foreign delegation in Stockholm. It was decided that, in order to preserve the legal continuity of the
592:
17:
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5258:
5212:
4217:
4207:
3211:
1105:
At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia, working with the Estonian Forest Brothers. Both German troops and Estonian partisans took
2031:. Two were later executed, while the Soviet occupation authorities were unable to press charges against two who lived in exile. There have been knowingly
5770:
4197:
4192:
1271:, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia in duties of the President in exile, presented his credentials to the newly elected President of Estonia
318:
2560:
335:
1042:
policy in areas to be abandoned. Because the northernmost areas of the Baltic states were the last to be reached by the Germans, it was here that the
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Most Estonians greeted the Germans with relatively open arms and hoped for the restoration of independence. Estonia set up an administration, led by
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on July 10 and prepared for another battle with the Soviets, they realized that Estonian partisans were already fighting the Soviet troops. The
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Even though the Germans did not cross the southern Estonian border until July 7–9, many Estonian deserters from Soviet units opened fire on the
5780:
5586:
5556:
5539:
3254:
995:
183:
5581:
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4071:
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1216:
957:
159:
2333:
5514:
5379:
5041:
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3671:
3331:
3105:
1364:
904:
173:
2183:
1791:
5813:
5596:
3321:
3316:
503:
340:
178:
5243:
2602:
968:. Despite high hopes for Estonian independence, the people there soon realized that the Germans were just a different occupying power.
6219:
5775:
5755:
3562:
3547:
2878:
3052:
2688:
4593:
3763:
3174:
1426:
136:
121:
3062:
2645:
2518:
2407:
2370:
6199:
5710:
5070:
4605:
3839:
3437:
3067:
446:
39:
2843:
2792:
2590:
5565:
4834:
4814:
4738:
4438:
3721:
3098:
2861:
1544:
1050:, numbering about 50,000, inflicted heavy casualties on the remaining Soviets; as many as 4,800 were killed and 14,000 captured.
126:
111:
4555:
1554:
On August 19, 1944 JĂĽri Uluots, in a radio broadcast, called for the Red Army to hold back and a peace agreement to be reached.
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1360:
131:
4531:
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2216:
1832:
1030:
on June 22, 1941. Three days later, on June 25, Finland declared herself to once again be at war with the USSR, starting the
490:
1161:, born and raised in Tallinn, Estonia, laid out his plans for the East. According to Rosenberg a future policy was created:
6239:
5100:
4758:
4648:
4598:
3758:
3380:
1455:
848:
813:
679:
441:
4844:
6119:
5389:
4870:
4693:
4308:
3535:
3500:
3485:
3282:
3078:
2355:
1986:. Arrests and executions continued as the Germans, with the assistance of local collaborators, advanced through Estonia.
508:
2765:
1239:, the last constitutional prime minister, JĂĽri Uluots, must continue to fulfill his responsibilities as prime minister.
5668:
5544:
5155:
3706:
2546:
Sinimäed 1944: II maailmasõja lahingud Kirde-Eestis (Sinimäed Hills 1944: Battles of World War II in Northeast Estonia)
2032:
1471:
1047:
838:
823:
431:
416:
382:
252:
229:
4376:
4227:
2619:
6244:
6229:
5765:
5690:
5636:
5616:
5384:
5326:
5293:
5217:
5150:
4839:
4565:
3181:
3125:
3072:
3023:
2823:
2505:
2449:
2351:
Professor Uluots, the Estonian Government in Exile and the Continuity of the Republic of Estonia in International Law
2298:
2243:
1635:
1332:
1043:
436:
5031:
3090:
1617:
6234:
6209:
5722:
5458:
5406:
5396:
4748:
3862:
3731:
3649:
3244:
2028:
1963:
1662:), a German civilian administration was established. On 5 December 1941, the territory of Estonia was organized as
897:
747:
712:
498:
242:
5656:
4544:
3798:
3040:
2721:
5806:
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5093:
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4723:
3736:
3294:
1654:
In 1941 Estonia was occupied by German troops and after a brief period of military rule by the commanders of the
946:
247:
47:
5591:
4045:
6224:
6168:
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4010:
3634:
3083:
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1905:
1613:
1314:
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5341:
5311:
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5130:
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3701:
3390:
3045:
2726:
2564:
2465:
1512:
1193:
513:
215:
4366:
2396:
Estonian Vikings: Estnisches SS-Freiwilligen Bataillon Narwa and Subsequent Units, Eastern Front, 1943–1944.
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5641:
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5621:
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4658:
4653:
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4521:
3611:
3574:
2148:
1786:
1414:
1345:
The annexation of Estonia by the USSR in 1940 was complete, but never recognized internationally except by
926:
864:
818:
545:
6056:
3676:
1543:" which involved military groups sent from Narva under the command of Alfons Rebane and Paul Vent and the
6134:
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5268:
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4824:
4124:
3654:
3191:
2047:
1478:
938:
890:
790:
617:
550:
205:
145:
98:
2966:
57:
6061:
6002:
5858:
5799:
5727:
5685:
5673:
5646:
5601:
5534:
5278:
5253:
5180:
5165:
5160:
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4265:
4260:
4255:
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4157:
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3751:
3716:
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3425:
2163:
2020:
1927:
1670:
1562:
1065:
as early as June 22. On that day, a group of Forest Brothers attacked Soviet trucks in the district of
1010:
735:
345:
2780:
2088:
Views diverge on history of Estonia during World War II and following the occupation by Nazi Germany.
1053:
6051:
5663:
5428:
5248:
5202:
4854:
4540:
3770:
3686:
3452:
3395:
2841:
Conclusions of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
2703:
2588:
Conclusions of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
2158:
2131:
1994:
1493:
1438:
6204:
5878:
5848:
5822:
5678:
5463:
5438:
5367:
5238:
4638:
4065:
3975:
3960:
3778:
3505:
3309:
3249:
3239:
3164:
1598:
1523:
After an attempt to break through the Tannenberg Line failed, the main struggle was carried to the
1279:; it was replaced with the flag of Estonia to mark Estonian Independence Day on February 24, 1989.
1117:
1002:
from other countries, and others). For the duration of the occupation, Estonia was incorporated as
980:
972:
471:
301:
2749:
2463:
1840:
but only to the extent that these had not been repealed or amended by the German military command.
1835:. According to Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
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5873:
5868:
5863:
5853:
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4663:
3726:
3681:
3639:
3621:
3616:
3530:
3470:
3462:
3457:
3442:
3370:
3277:
3234:
3196:
3079:
Extermination of the Gypsies in Estonia during World War II: Popular Images and Official Policies
2330:
2067:
2016:
1919:
1602:
1459:
1388:
thousand Estonians who had volunteered to join the Finnish army were transferred back across the
1303:
1082:
833:
697:
466:
323:
30:
5085:
5362:
5316:
5233:
5185:
4394:
3995:
3216:
2191:
1949:
1796:
1698:
1571:
1402:
925:
invaded Estonia in July–December 1941, and occupied the country until 1944. Estonia had gained
785:
780:
367:
224:
2441:
2435:
2235:
2229:
1085:(Major General Ljubovtsev), retreated in front of the 2nd corps of the German Army behind the
971:
The Nazi German authorities exploited occupied Estonia for their war effort, and in 1941–1944
5468:
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5401:
5170:
5140:
4575:
4137:
4109:
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3259:
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570:
2130:
In April 2007 the divergent views on history of World War II in Estonia centered around the
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4114:
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3410:
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3041:
Collaboration with Nazi Germany in Eastern Europe: the Case of the Estonian Security Police
2722:
Collaboration with Nazi Germany in Eastern Europe: the Case of the Estonian Security Police
2685:
2101:
1901:
1713:
918:
392:
4132:
1694:
1401:. Units consisting largely of Estonians – often under German officers – saw action on the
1134:, they disbanded the provisional government and the territory of Estonia was organized as
8:
5976:
5941:
4799:
4326:
4237:
4142:
3930:
3915:
3905:
3589:
3490:
3405:
3289:
2524:
2413:
2376:
2093:
1954:
1384:
1236:
560:
476:
2467:
The White Book: Losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes. 1940–1991
1764:
1742:
4886:
4483:
4318:
4202:
4147:
3955:
3895:
3299:
2840:
2798:
2587:
2124:
2012:
1516:
1143:
1057:
German advance in Latvia, Estonia and on the Leningrad front from June to December 1941
843:
762:
626:
565:
456:
266:
4331:
2858:
2027:
camp. Four Estonians most responsible for the murders at Kalevi-Liiva were accused at
1180:
for German colonists. The removal of 50% of Estonians was in accordance with the Nazi
6098:
5971:
5910:
5190:
4994:
4020:
3945:
3664:
3120:
3057:
3019:
2819:
2717:
2641:
2501:
2445:
2294:
2288:
2262:
2239:
2212:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1824:
1810:
1430:
991:
520:
387:
5961:
3900:
3169:
1948:
The process of Jewish settlement in Estonia began in the 19th century, when in 1865
1730:
1497:
192:
5966:
5145:
5062:
3940:
3910:
3828:
3269:
3229:
2498:
The Baltic States: The National Self-Determination of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
2123:
In 2004 controversy regarding the events of World War II in Estonia surrounded the
1655:
1508:
1482:
1422:
1355:
1154:
1102:
citizens held in Tartu Prison, killing 192 before the Estonians captured the city.
1070:
1031:
953:
752:
707:
525:
426:
421:
372:
257:
2064:
Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
2057:
1738:
1548:
1540:
6020:
5946:
5915:
5423:
4728:
4346:
4336:
3965:
3854:
3711:
3348:
2865:
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2813:
2769:
2692:
2606:
2594:
2337:
1979:
1915:
1558:
1524:
1434:
1389:
1131:
949:
in June 1940, and the country was formally annexed into the USSR in August 1940.
757:
647:
377:
6077:
4633:
2989:
2932:
2762:
1989:
637:
6030:
5997:
5956:
4768:
4703:
4341:
4162:
3594:
3579:
3522:
3360:
3186:
2036:
1923:
1450:
1410:
1147:
1039:
934:
880:
828:
722:
2350:
2188:
Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
1878:
1854:
1800:
1378:
Divisional insignia of 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)
1247:
1225:
1126:
1086:
6193:
5951:
5838:
4819:
4708:
4025:
4015:
3985:
3970:
3925:
3375:
3365:
3201:
3152:
1866:
1463:
1268:
1158:
1035:
987:
983:
930:
717:
659:
654:
68:
5936:
1726:
6035:
5931:
5894:
5791:
5551:
4673:
4040:
3885:
3830:
3629:
3326:
3147:
2464:
Estonian State Commission on Examination of Policies of Repression (2005).
2024:
1768:
1659:
1446:
1441:, the counterattack of the so-called Estonian Division to break the Soviet
1418:
1368:
1346:
1276:
1272:
1255:
1189:
1066:
1027:
1015:
942:
922:
742:
461:
78:
73:
1114:
soldiers who took part in the parade in Tartu on July 29, were disbanded.
6025:
4979:
4000:
3935:
3336:
3138:
3011:
2111:
2040:
1926:. Marked "Secret Reich Matter," the map shows the number of Jews shot in
1489:
4713:
1275:. On February 23, 1989 the flag of the Estonian SSR had been lowered on
6147:
6142:
5021:
4005:
3990:
3890:
2669:
2664:
2051:
1504:
1442:
1317: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1075:
451:
1090:
6082:
5499:
5372:
4087:
3920:
3880:
3644:
3604:
3599:
3400:
2153:
2007:
1940:
1754:(Responsible for the operation of all concentration camps within the
1449:
destroyed a Soviet bridgehead. Another battalion of Estonians led by
1394:
1351:
1260:
1251:
1200:'boys of Finland') was formed out of Estonian volunteers in Finland.
1098:
976:
1587:
1515:
to be returned to Estonia fully equipped. On the following day, the
1374:
1292:
5036:
3980:
3447:
3206:
1221:
1062:
956:
of tens of thousands of people from Estonia and other territories
1566:
5115:
1935:
1828:
1528:
1110:
853:
1532:
4468:
2058:
Estonian military units' involvement in crimes against humanity
1486:
1467:
1264:
2019:
on occupied Estonian territory for foreign Jews. The largest,
1146:
was established for internal security under the leadership of
3415:
1536:
1106:
1094:
664:
999:
669:
3016:
Between Giants: The Battle for the Baltics in World War II
2959:"Russia threatens Estonia over removal of Red Army statue"
2763:
Communism and Crimes against Humanity in the Baltic states
2079:
humanity are to be held responsible for their own actions.
2046:
There are three Estonians who have been honoured with The
1121:
Estonians greeted German soldiers as liberators in Tallinn
1157:, Reich minister for the Occupied Eastern territories, a
2907:
European Parliament resolution of 24 May 2007 on Estonia
2646:
The Soviet Occupation of Estonia in 1940–41 and the Jews
1565:
until November 23, 1944, when the Germans evacuated the
2600:
Phase II: The German occupation of Estonia in 1941–1944
2259:
The Absolute War. Soviet Russia in the Second World War
2209:
The Absolute War. Soviet Russia in the Second World War
2144:
20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)
1932:"the estimated number of Jews still on hand is 128,000"
1539:, the 3rd Baltic Front was stopped by the Kampfgruppe "
1503:
On 1 August 1944, the Finnish government and President
1399:
20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)
2437:
Resistance! Occupied Europe and Its Defiance of Hitler
2231:
Resistance! Occupied Europe and Its Defiance of Hitler
1250:
formed a government led by the Deputy Prime Minister,
1282:
2836:
2834:
2290:
Estonia and the Estonians (Studies of Nationalities)
2880:
Motion for a resolution on the Situation in Estonia
2011:quite early by the German occupation regime at the
1142:, an administrative subdivision of Nazi Germany. A
1093:river line on July 12. As German troops approached
1038:made a public statement over the radio calling for
1213:Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944
1153:In April 1941, on the eve on the German invasion,
975:tens of thousands of people (including indigenous
5454:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo
4317:
2831:
2815:The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust
2738:
2736:
2681:
2679:
2665:The Peculiarities of Jewish Settlement in Estonia
2583:
2581:
6191:
3501:Association for the Restoration of Great Vietnam
1246:As the Germans retreated, on September 18, 1944
6215:Military history of Estonia during World War II
2176:
1780:
1413:reached the border of Estonia as a part of the
3255:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
3122:Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy
2920:recognised as legal by the Western democracies
2745:Museum of Tolerance Multimedia Learning Center
2733:
2676:
2578:
1964:deported to Siberia along with other Estonians
1417:which began on 1 February 1944. Field Marshal
5807:
5117:History of World War II by region and country
5101:
3814:
3106:
2203:
2201:
2054:and his wife Eha Masing and Polina Lentsman.
1993:Holocaust memorial at the site of the former
1914:Map titled "Jewish Executions Carried Out by
1799:and head of the Estonian Self-Administration
1217:National Committee of the Republic of Estonia
1046:had their most extreme effects. The Estonian
898:
593:
5821:
4884:
4085:
3860:
3852:
2898:
1918:" from January 31, 1941 report by commander
1175:Exile, deportations of undesirable elements.
2635:
2375:(in Estonian), president.ee, archived from
2110:Views of World War II veteran, an Estonian
1616:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5814:
5800:
5108:
5094:
3821:
3807:
3113:
3099:
2198:
1254:. On September 20 the Nazi German flag on
937:. However, in the wake of the August 1939
905:
891:
600:
586:
2563:. Historical Text Archive. Archived from
2543:
1705:
1636:Learn how and when to remove this message
1333:Learn how and when to remove this message
2871:
2261:, p. 198. Vintage Books, New York 2008.
2211:, p. 197. Vintage Books, New York 2008.
1988:
1909:
1790:
1577:
1373:
1220:
1116:
1052:
2987:
2811:
2713:
2711:
1545:5th SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade Wallonien
1445:began. A battalion of Estonians led by
1421:was nominated the leader of the German
1267:and operated in exile until 1992, when
1206:
1014:, an administrative subdivision of the
14:
6192:
4476:
4301:
4097:
3873:
3305:Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists
3010:
2343:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
1458:began in the direction of Auvere. The
1169:) of the "racially suitable" elements.
1109:on August 17 and the Estonian capital
1021:
6179:Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany
5795:
5089:
3802:
3094:
2956:
2457:
2433:
2227:
1833:occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany
1563:continued in the Moonsund Archipelago
1477:On July 24 the Soviets began the new
1427:Narva Offensive (15–28 February 1944)
1393:full-sized conscript division of the
18:Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany
6108:War crimes investigations and trials
2708:
2657:
2537:
2473:. Estonian Encyclopedia Publishers.
2286:
1891:1941–1944 Alfred Wendt (1902-1986)
1614:adding citations to reliable sources
1581:
1315:adding citations to reliable sources
1286:
499:Baltic diplomatic services (1940–91)
6120:War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia
3486:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
2933:"Russia denies Baltic 'occupation'"
2356:Nordic Journal of International Law
2315:
1677:
24:
6250:Estonia–Germany military relations
2558:
2405:
2280:
1749:
1283:Estonians in German military units
417:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
383:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
25:
6261:
6220:World War II occupied territories
6125:Estonian International Commission
5991:Nazi occupation and organizations
4256:Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe
3182:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
3033:
2797:, Heritage Abroad, archived from
1561:. Resistance against the Soviets
1507:were to resign. On the next day,
958:occupied by the USSR in 1939–1941
4744:Serbia (Commissioner Government)
3283:Russian People's Liberation Army
3245:National Committee of Azerbaijan
3058:Estonian SS-Legion (photographs)
3053:Estonian SS-Legion (photographs)
2988:Jackson, Patrick (May 9, 2007),
2368:
2083:
1775:
1586:
1456:Narva Offensive (1–4 March 1944)
1291:
1172:Colonization by Germanic people.
966:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
874:
636:
56:
6200:Occupation of the Baltic states
4724:Norway (Administrative Council)
3295:Slovak Expeditionary Army Group
2981:
2957:Booth, Jenny (April 27, 2007).
2950:
2925:
2852:
2805:
2785:
2774:
2756:
2697:
2624:The Virtual Jewish History Tour
2612:
2552:
2548:(in Estonian). Tallinn: Varrak.
2511:
2491:
2480:from the original on 2013-01-14
2427:
2399:
2390:
2362:
2184:"Conclusions of the Commission"
1409:The advance guard units of the
1302:needs additional citations for
6169:History of the Jews in Estonia
3084:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
2651:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
2523:, president.ee, archived from
2412:, president.ee, archived from
2306:
2271:
2251:
2221:
1906:History of the Jews in Estonia
1363:in Ukraine. They replaced the
1192:rather than join the Germans.
929:in 1918 from the then-warring
13:
1:
4749:Serbia (Council of Ministers)
3391:Collaborationist Chinese Army
3046:Contemporary European History
2991:When giants fought in Estonia
2727:Contemporary European History
2169:
2017:concentration and labor camps
1437:, commenced. On February 24,
1194:Finnish Infantry Regiment 200
1044:Soviet destruction battalions
4522:Army Group Rear Area Command
3829:Administrative divisions in
2812:Gilbert, Sir Martin (2003),
2748:, Wiesenthal, archived from
2686:The Holocaust in the Baltics
2149:Estonian resistance movement
2039:, Jaan Viik, Juhan JĂĽriste,
1895:
1844:
1807:Estonian Self-Administration
1787:Estonian Self-Administration
1781:Estonian Self-Administration
947:invaded and occupied Estonia
748:Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721)
360:Soviet re-occupation in 1944
7:
6240:German military occupations
6135:Righteous Among the Nations
5844:Related articles by country
4904:Belgium and Northern France
4527:Belgium and Northern France
3376:Central Asian collaborators
3192:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
3077:Weiss-Wendt, Anton (2003).
3039:Birn, Ruth Bettina (2001),
2864:September 29, 2007, at the
2137:
2048:Righteous Among the Nations
1930:, and reads at the bottom:
1513:Estonian volunteer regiment
1479:Narva Offensive (July 1944)
1365:Finnish Volunteer Battalion
849:Restoration of independence
814:Declaration of Independence
10:
6266:
6003:Reichskommissariat Ostland
4406:Civil Administration Areas
4011:Southern Hanover–Brunswick
3426:First Indian National Army
2794:Holocaust Markers, Estonia
2164:Reichskommissariat Ostland
2021:Vaivara concentration camp
1997:, opened on 24th July 2005
1899:
1861:Director for Home Affairs
1784:
1756:Reichskommissariat Ostland
1671:Reichskommissariat Ostland
1647:
1210:
1140:Reichskommissariat Ostland
1011:Reichskommissariat Ostland
556:Lithuania–Russia relations
168:Mutual Assistance Treaties
28:
6161:
6133:
6107:
6091:
6070:
6044:
6011:
5990:
5924:
5903:
5887:
5829:
5736:
5487:
5350:
5304:
5226:
5123:
5055:
5014:
5007:
4972:
4932:
4896:
4883:
4863:
4777:
4621:
4614:
4586:
4512:
4492:
4467:
4404:
4393:
4359:
4292:
4276:North Brabant and Limburg
4271:South Holland and Zeeland
4266:North Holland and Utrecht
4261:Gelderland and Overijssel
4246:
4175:
4123:
4084:
4054:
3851:
3838:
3520:
3497:Vietnamese collaborators
3396:Defenders of the Homeland
3347:
3146:
3136:
3132:
2818:, Macmillan, p. 31,
2561:"Estonia in World War II"
2159:Klooga concentration camp
2132:Bronze Soldier of Tallinn
2029:war crimes trials in 1961
1995:Klooga concentration camp
1439:Estonian Independence Day
1026:Nazi Germany invaded the
160:Soviet occupation in 1940
6245:The Holocaust in Estonia
6230:Politics of World War II
5823:The Holocaust in Estonia
4514:Military administrations
4046:WĂĽrttemberg-Hohenzollern
3482:Taiwanese collaborators
3310:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
3250:National Republican Army
3240:Latvian Auxiliary Police
3165:Albanian Fascist Militia
3073:Saksa okupatsioon Eestis
3068:Hjalmar Mäe (photograph)
2965:. London. Archived from
1686:Reichskommissar Ostland.
1415:Kingisepp–Gdov Offensive
546:Estonia–Russia relations
6235:Estonia in World War II
6210:Jewish Estonian history
6174:Estonia in World War II
5982:Franz Walter Stahlecker
3463:Royal Thai Armed Forces
3458:Manchukuo Imperial Army
3443:Lanka Sama Samaja Party
3381:East Turkestan military
3371:Burma Independence Army
3278:Russian Liberation Army
3235:Kalmykian Cavalry Corps
3197:Belarusian Home Defence
3161:Albanian collaborators
2500:, Graham Smith, p. 91,
2349:Mälksoo, Lauri (2000).
2287:Raun, Toivo U. (2001),
2097:by Western democracies.
2068:crimes against humanity
1460:658th Eastern Battalion
1433:, the commander of the
996:Soviet prisoners of war
551:Latvia–Russia relations
146:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
99:Baltic–Soviet relations
31:Estonia in World War II
4885:
4615:Puppet administrations
4419:Carinthia and Carniola
4086:
3861:
3853:
3833:and German occupations
3467:Russian collaborators
3453:Malayan Volunteer Army
3274:Russian collaborators
3217:Finnish Defence Forces
2893:occupation and terror,
2846:June 21, 2007, at the
2605:June 29, 2007, at the
2593:June 21, 2007, at the
2190:. 1998. Archived from
2081:
1998:
1950:Alexander II of Russia
1945:
1883:1943–1944 Oskar Öpik
1873:Directors for Justice
1842:
1814:
1803:
1797:Karl-Siegmund Litzmann
1707:S.S. und PolizeifĂĽhrer
1699:Karl-Siegmund Litzmann
1668:, subordinated to the
1527:, where on August 11,
1429:led by Soviet General
1385:underground government
1379:
1228:
1138:, subordinated to the
1122:
1058:
1008:, subordinated to the
964:, Latvia, Lithuania,
6225:Generalbezirk Estland
6013:Notable collaborators
4066:Reichsfestung Belgrad
3476:Russian Fascist Party
3332:Polish Wehrmacht Army
3260:Romanian Armed Forces
3212:Croatian Armed Forces
3018:. Osprey Publishing.
2076:
2005:Estonia was declared
1992:
1913:
1887:Director for Finance
1837:
1817:), also known as the
1794:
1684:(Subordinated to the
1665:Generalbezirk Estland
1650:Generalbezirk Estland
1578:German administrators
1485:. The 1st battalion (
1377:
1224:
1136:Generalbezirk Estland
1120:
1056:
1005:Generalbezirk Estland
675:Baltic Finnic peoples
571:Russians in Lithuania
6115:Einsatzgruppen trial
5068:Strength Through Joy
5027:Weather Station Kurt
4729:Norway (Quisling II)
3976:Munich–Upper Bavaria
3961:March of Brandenburg
3438:Korean collaborators
3433:Inner Mongolian Army
3421:Indian National Army
3265:Royal Hungarian Army
2434:Lande, Dave (2000),
2228:Lande, Dave (2000),
2102:Sergey Yastrzhembsky
1902:Holocaust in Estonia
1714:SS and Police Leader
1610:improve this section
1559:retreat from Estonia
1525:south of Lake Peipus
1311:improve this article
1207:Political resistance
919:Operation Barbarossa
854:Contemporary Estonia
393:Lithuanian partisans
106:Non-aggression pacts
6045:Concentration camps
5977:Rudolf Joachim Seck
5942:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
5566:Carpathian Ruthenia
4887:Reichskommissariats
4719:Norway (Quisling I)
4649:Chechnya-Ingushetia
4309:Bohemia and Moravia
4294:Partial annexations
4105:Danzig–West Prussia
3491:Takasago Volunteers
3406:Gando Special Force
3357:Arakan Defense Army
3290:Security Battalions
2859:Moscow celebrations
2663:Berg, Eiki (1994).
2094:European Parliament
1955:Republic of Estonia
1535:on August 13. Near
1483:direction of Auvere
1237:Republic of Estonia
1022:Military occupation
819:War of Independence
561:Russians in Estonia
477:Congress of Estonia
447:Territorial changes
225:People's Parliament
5925:Major perpetrators
5156:French West Africa
5136:British Somaliland
4319:General Government
3996:Schleswig-Holstein
3300:Slovene Home Guard
2768:2011-09-29 at the
2718:Birn, Ruth Bettina
2691:2008-03-07 at the
2642:Weiss-Wendt, Anton
2544:Mart Laar (2006).
2336:2007-06-09 at the
2312:Buttar, 2013 p. 54
2277:Buttar, 2013 p. 54
2125:Monument of Lihula
2033:7 ethnic Estonians
2013:Wannsee Conference
1999:
1946:
1804:
1517:Finnish Government
1472:bombing of Tallinn
1380:
1229:
1144:Sicherheitspolizei
1123:
1059:
881:Estonia portal
844:Singing Revolution
791:National awakening
763:Great Northern War
566:Russians in Latvia
457:Singing Revolution
267:Welles Declaration
6187:
6186:
6099:Sonderaktion 1005
5972:Martin Sandberger
5911:Zelig Kalmanovich
5904:Prominent victims
5789:
5788:
5380:Dutch East Indies
5218:Southern Rhodesia
5151:French Somaliland
5083:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5003:
5002:
4973:Other occupations
4968:
4967:
4879:
4878:
4594:Adriatic Littoral
4587:Operational Zones
4508:
4507:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4355:
4354:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4171:
4170:
4080:
4079:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3775:
3626:
3516:
3515:
3387:Chin Defense Army
3351:collaborationists
3322:Wehrmacht foreign
3317:Waffen-SS foreign
3221:
3155:collaborationists
2868:at newsfromrussia
2267:978-0-375-72471-8
2217:978-0-375-72471-8
2194:on June 29, 2008.
1984:Walter Stahlecker
1976:Martin Sandberger
1972:Sonderkommando 1a
1849:Director General
1825:puppet government
1815:Eesti Omavalitsus
1795:Generalkommissar
1695:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
1658:(in the occupied
1646:
1645:
1638:
1431:Leonid A. Govorov
1343:
1342:
1335:
917:In the course of
915:
914:
839:Soviet occupation
796:German occupation
610:
609:
521:Kersten Committee
409:Under Soviet rule
388:Latvian partisans
281:German occupation
184:Soviet-Lithuanian
137:German–Lithuanian
122:Soviet–Lithuanian
48:Occupation of the
16:(Redirected from
6257:
6162:Related articles
5967:Alfred Rosenberg
5845:
5835:
5816:
5809:
5802:
5793:
5792:
5540:Military history
5294:Native Americans
5110:
5103:
5096:
5087:
5086:
5012:
5011:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4619:
4618:
4606:Alpine Foothills
4474:
4473:
4424:Gebiet Bialystok
4402:
4401:
4315:
4314:
4299:
4298:
4244:
4243:
4158:Tyrol–Vorarlberg
4121:
4120:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4036:Westphalia-South
4031:Westphalia-North
3951:Magdeburg-Anhalt
3871:
3870:
3866:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3773:
3624:
3270:Royal Iraqi Army
3219:
3144:
3143:
3134:
3133:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3029:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2875:
2869:
2856:
2850:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2789:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2740:
2731:
2715:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2683:
2674:
2661:
2655:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2616:
2610:
2585:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2559:Hannes, Walter.
2556:
2550:
2549:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2520:Aleksander Warma
2515:
2509:
2495:
2489:
2488:
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2485:
2479:
2472:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2369:Mark, Heinrich,
2366:
2360:
2347:
2341:
2328:
2313:
2310:
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2035:: Ralf Gerrets,
1924:Nazi death squad
1765:HauptsturmfĂĽhrer
1743:Walther Schröder
1718:Generalkommissar
1679:Generalkommissar
1656:Army Group North
1641:
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1630:
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1590:
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1509:Aleksander Warma
1423:Army Group North
1356:Franz Augsberger
1338:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1295:
1287:
1155:Alfred Rosenberg
1071:22nd Rifle Corps
1032:Continuation War
977:ethnic Estonians
954:mass deportation
939:Nazi-Soviet Pact
907:
900:
893:
879:
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708:Livonian Crusade
692:Medieval Estonia
680:Ancient counties
640:
630:
612:
611:
602:
595:
588:
526:Helsinki Accords
491:State continuity
427:Operation Jungle
422:Operation Priboi
373:Baltic offensive
258:June deportation
60:
35:
34:
21:
6265:
6264:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6205:1941 in Estonia
6190:
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6183:
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6153:Polina Lentsman
6129:
6103:
6087:
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6040:
6021:Aleksander Laak
6007:
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5947:Aleksander Laak
5920:
5916:Wolf Durmashkin
5899:
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5776:Solomon Islands
5756:Gilbert Islands
5738:
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5711:Channel Islands
5483:
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5071:holiday resorts
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3931:Halle-Merseburg
3916:Electoral Hesse
3906:Eastern Hanover
3843:
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3827:
3797:
3788:
3541:Italian Albania
3512:
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2969:on May 23, 2011
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2257:Chris Bellamy.
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2207:Chris Bellamy.
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1980:Einsatzgruppe A
1916:Einsatzgruppe A
1908:
1900:Main articles:
1898:
1847:
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1752:
1750:Lagerkommandant
1736:1944 SS-
1724:1941–1944 SS-
1710:
1692:1941–1944 SA-
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1622:
1607:
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1572:Battle of Narva
1494:Tannenberg Line
1435:Leningrad Front
1390:Gulf of Finland
1361:Division Wiking
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1211:Main articles:
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1182:Generalplan Ost
1165:Germanization (
1132:Generalplan Ost
1048:Forest Brothers
1024:
935:Russian Empires
911:
875:
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858:
824:Interwar period
809:
801:
800:
786:Russian Livonia
781:Russian Estonia
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775:Russian Estonia
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758:Swedish Livonia
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736:Swedish Estonia
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648:Ancient Estonia
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368:Battle of Narva
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174:Soviet–Estonian
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112:Soviet–Estonian
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5998:Einsatzgruppen
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5696:United Kingdom
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5669:Basque Country
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4769:Zuyev Republic
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4659:Czechoslovakia
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3595:East Turkestan
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3543:
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3536:German Albania
3527:
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3523:Axis countries
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3509:
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3506:Vanguard Youth
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3361:Armistice Army
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3170:Balli Kombëtar
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3126:Imperial Japan
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3034:External links
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1648:Main article:
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1531:was taken and
1498:Sinimäed Hills
1451:Ain-Ervin Mere
1411:2nd Shock Army
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6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6132:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6106:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6071:Documentation
6069:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6014:
6010:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5989:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5952:Hinrich Lohse
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5842:
5840:
5839:The Holocaust
5837:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5824:
5817:
5812:
5810:
5805:
5803:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5735:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5592:Liechtenstein
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5327:Latin America
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5305:South America
5303:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5264:United States
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:North America
5225:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5131:Belgian Congo
5129:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5111:
5106:
5104:
5099:
5097:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5006:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4882:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4830:Russia (KONR)
4828:
4826:
4825:Russia (ODNR)
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4545:zone réservée
4542:
4541:Atlantic Wall
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4367:Burgundy (SS)
4365:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4083:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4021:Upper Silesia
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:Lower Silesia
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3857:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3837:
3832:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3548:Baltic states
3546:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3519:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Asano Brigade
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:Golden Square
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:Black Columns
3364:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:Golden Square
3223:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3202:Blue Division
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3175:Cham Albanian
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:10.2, 181–98.
3048:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3027:
3025:9781780961637
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3008:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2939:, May 5, 2005
2938:
2934:
2928:
2921:
2909:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2882:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2827:
2825:0-8050-6260-2
2821:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2801:on 2009-08-23
2800:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2752:on 2007-09-28
2751:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2712:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2567:on 2006-03-17
2566:
2562:
2555:
2547:
2540:
2527:on 2007-09-27
2526:
2522:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2506:0-312-16192-1
2503:
2499:
2494:
2476:
2469:
2468:
2460:
2453:
2451:0-7603-0745-8
2447:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2430:
2416:on 2007-09-27
2415:
2411:
2410:
2402:
2393:
2379:on 2007-11-14
2378:
2374:
2373:
2372:Heinrich Mark
2365:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2309:
2302:
2300:0-8179-2852-9
2296:
2292:
2291:
2283:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2247:
2245:0-7603-0745-8
2241:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2117:
2115:coalition's."
2113:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2084:Controversies
2080:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2003:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1943:
1942:
1938:is marked as
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1867:Oskar Angelus
1864:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1776:Collaboration
1770:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:BrigadefĂĽhrer
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1640:
1637:
1629:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1595:This section
1593:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:LĂ©on Degrelle
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:Alfons Rebane
1461:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1425:. The Soviet
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:in 1944, the
1396:
1391:
1386:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:. OberfĂĽhrer
1353:
1348:
1337:
1334:
1326:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1300:This section
1298:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:Heinrich Mark
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1167:Eindeutschung
1164:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:Baltic German
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1069:. The Soviet
1068:
1064:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:Joseph Stalin
1034:. On July 3,
1033:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:Romani people
985:
984:Estonian Jews
982:
978:
974:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
908:
903:
901:
896:
894:
889:
888:
886:
885:
882:
872:
871:
868:
867:
863:
862:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
805:
804:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
772:
771:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
737:
732:
731:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
695:
689:
688:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
660:Narva culture
658:
656:
655:Kunda culture
653:
652:
649:
644:
643:
639:
635:
634:
631:
625:
624:
619:
614:
613:
603:
598:
596:
591:
589:
584:
583:
581:
580:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
536:
535:
527:
524:
522:
519:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
501:
500:
497:
496:
492:
487:
486:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
467:Tautas fronte
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
410:
405:
404:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
361:
356:
355:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
331:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
309:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
287:
282:
277:
276:
268:
265:
264:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:Sovietization
228:
226:
223:
222:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
190:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
169:
166:
165:
161:
156:
155:
147:
144:
143:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
96:
92:
87:
86:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
69:Baltic states
67:
66:
64:
63:
59:
55:
54:
51:
50:Baltic states
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
32:
27:
19:
6178:
6078:Jäger Report
6036:Evald Mikson
5932:Hans Aumeier
5895:Kalevi-Liiva
5834:Main article
5723:Vatican City
5642:Soviet Union
5390:West Sumatra
5259:Newfoundland
5213:South Africa
5208:Sierra Leone
5186:North Africa
5032:Schatzgräber
4454:West Prussia
4434:Lower Styria
4372:Holland (SS)
4143:Upper Danube
4138:Lower Danube
3941:Hesse-Nassau
3911:East Prussia
3881:Baden-Alsace
3844:Nazi Germany
3842:divisions of
3831:Nazi Germany
3742:Soviet Union
3625:(until 1944)
3552:
3327:Afrika Korps
3220:(until 1944)
3087:17.1, 31–61.
3082:
3044:
3015:
3012:Buttar, Prit
2996:, retrieved
2990:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2967:the original
2962:
2952:
2941:, retrieved
2936:
2927:
2918:
2912:, retrieved
2910:, 2007-05-24
2906:
2900:
2891:
2885:, retrieved
2883:, 2007-05-21
2879:
2873:
2854:
2814:
2807:
2799:the original
2793:
2787:
2776:
2758:
2750:the original
2744:
2725:
2699:
2668:
2659:
2649:
2637:
2627:, retrieved
2623:
2614:
2598:
2569:. Retrieved
2565:the original
2554:
2545:
2539:
2529:, retrieved
2525:the original
2519:
2513:
2497:
2493:
2482:. Retrieved
2466:
2459:
2436:
2429:
2418:, retrieved
2414:the original
2408:
2401:
2392:
2381:, retrieved
2377:the original
2371:
2364:
2354:
2345:
2308:
2289:
2282:
2273:
2258:
2253:
2230:
2223:
2208:
2192:the original
2178:
2129:
2122:
2087:
2077:
2072:
2061:
2045:
2025:Kalevi-Liiva
2006:
2004:
2000:
1969:
1960:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1886:
1877:1941–1943
1872:
1865:1941–1944
1860:
1853:1941–1944
1848:
1838:
1819:
1818:
1806:
1805:
1769:Hans Aumeier
1763:
1755:
1753:
1737:
1725:
1717:
1711:
1706:
1693:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1669:
1663:
1653:
1632:
1623:
1608:Please help
1596:
1556:
1553:
1522:
1502:
1476:
1474:on March 9.
1447:Rudolf Bruus
1419:Walter Model
1408:
1381:
1347:Eastern Bloc
1344:
1329:
1320:
1309:Please help
1304:verification
1301:
1277:Pikk Hermann
1273:Lennart Meri
1256:Pikk Hermann
1245:
1241:
1234:
1230:
1202:
1197:
1190:Finnish Army
1186:
1181:
1178:
1166:
1152:
1139:
1135:
1124:
1104:
1080:
1060:
1028:Soviet Union
1025:
1016:German Reich
1009:
1003:
986:, Estonia's
970:
951:
943:Soviet Union
927:independence
923:Nazi Germany
916:
865:
834:World War II
743:Livonian War
432:Estonian SSR
329:
307:
291:
285:
243:from Estonia
237:Deportations
236:
216:to Lithuania
199:
167:
105:
79:Soviet Union
74:Nazi Germany
26:
6092:Concealment
6026:Karl Linnas
5771:New Zealand
5737:Oceania and
5691:Switzerland
5652:Byelorussia
5607:Netherlands
5449:Philippines
5289:Puerto Rico
5244:El Salvador
4909:Netherlands
4709:Netherlands
4449:Sudetenland
4397:occupations
4233:Vistulaland
4110:Sudetenland
4062:Prinz-Eugen
3966:Mecklenburg
3747:Byelorussia
3717:Philippines
3707:Netherlands
3337:Ostlegionen
3139:Axis forces
3063:Hjalmar Mäe
2409:JĂĽri Uluots
2340:at the EIHC
2112:Arnold Meri
2041:Karl Linnas
1879:Hjalmar Mäe
1869:(1892–1979)
1857:(1901–1978)
1855:Hjalmar Mäe
1820:Directorate
1801:Hjalmar Mäe
1771:(1906–1947)
1745:(1902–1973)
1733:(1906–1974)
1701:(1893-1945)
1490:Paul Maitla
1443:bridgeheads
1248:JĂĽri Uluots
1226:JĂĽri Uluots
1198:soomepoisid
1196:(Estonian:
1127:JĂĽri Uluots
1087:Pärnu River
718:Old Livonia
627:History of
437:Latvian SSR
248:from Latvia
6194:Categories
6148:Eha Masing
6143:Uku Masing
5937:Karl Jäger
5766:New Guinea
5746:Antarctica
5739:Antarctica
5728:Yugoslavia
5647:Azerbaijan
5602:Luxembourg
5385:New Guinea
5284:New Mexico
5274:California
5181:Madagascar
5166:Gold Coast
5161:The Gambia
5042:Bassgeiger
5022:New Swabia
4990:San Marino
4815:Montenegro
4739:Montenegro
4561:Luxembourg
4439:Luxembourg
4223:Vandalland
4188:Beskidland
4115:Wartheland
4088:Reichsgaus
3901:DĂĽsseldorf
3697:Madagascar
3692:Luxembourg
2914:2010-03-05
2887:2010-03-05
2670:GeoJournal
2629:2009-03-11
2571:2008-10-21
2531:2007-07-07
2484:2018-08-30
2440:, p.
2331:Chronology
2234:, p.
2170:References
2052:Uku Masing
1978:, part of
1920:Stahlecker
1827:set up in
1823:, was the
1727:OberfĂĽhrer
1626:April 2022
1505:Risto Ryti
1403:Narva line
1323:April 2022
1076:Juhan Jaik
866:Chronology
703:Viking Age
514:Lithuanian
472:Rahvarinne
452:Baltic Way
341:Resistance
336:Occupation
319:Resistance
314:Occupation
297:Resistance
292:Occupation
206:to Estonia
91:Background
6083:Judenfrei
5859:Lithuania
5751:Australia
5716:Gibraltar
5674:Catalonia
5597:Lithuania
5459:Singapore
5407:Indochina
5397:Hong Kong
5373:Manchuria
5342:Venezuela
5312:Argentina
5249:Greenland
5203:Nyasaland
5063:Nordstern
5047:Edelweiss
4955:Turkestan
4945:Don-Volga
4845:Turkestan
4795:Cossackia
4734:Macedonia
4694:Lithuania
4599:Ljubljana
4484:Bialystok
4469:Districts
4133:Carinthia
4026:Weser-Ems
4016:Thuringia
3986:Pomerania
3971:Moselland
3926:Franconia
3774:(limited)
3672:Indonesia
3650:Indochina
3600:Manchukuo
3563:Lithuania
3521:Lists by
3401:Gakutotai
3137:Lists by
2963:The Times
2620:"Estonia"
2154:Judenfrei
2008:Judenfrei
1941:judenfrei
1896:Holocaust
1845:Directors
1597:does not
1395:Waffen SS
1352:Waffen SS
1261:Stockholm
1252:Otto Tief
1099:Wehrmacht
698:Oeselians
539:Aftermath
346:Holocaust
330:Lithuania
324:Holocaust
302:Holocaust
211:to Latvia
5637:Slovenia
5632:Slovakia
5622:Portugal
5510:Bulgaria
5464:Thailand
5439:Mongolia
5412:Cambodia
5332:Suriname
5322:Colombia
5146:Ethiopia
5056:Proposed
5037:Holzauge
4940:Caucasia
4933:Proposed
4871:Brittany
4864:Proposed
4855:Wallonia
4840:Slovakia
4790:Bulgaria
4764:Wallonia
4754:Slovakia
4669:Flanders
4551:Slovakia
4500:Brussels
4493:Proposed
4459:Zichenau
4429:Lorraine
4377:Lombardy
4360:Proposed
4248:Westland
4238:Wallonia
4218:Nordmark
4213:Gothland
4203:Flanders
4198:Burgundy
4176:Proposed
4148:Salzburg
4055:Proposed
4041:Westmark
3981:NSDAP/AO
3886:Bayreuth
3863:Altreich
3779:Thailand
3759:Chechnya
3737:Slovakia
3655:Cambodia
3605:Mongolia
3575:Bulgaria
3448:Makapili
3349:Japanese
3207:Chetniks
3014:(2013).
2937:BBC News
2862:Archived
2844:Archived
2766:Archived
2720:(2001),
2689:Archived
2644:(1998).
2603:Archived
2591:Archived
2475:Archived
2334:Archived
2138:See also
2119:things."
1811:Estonian
1083:8th Army
1063:Red Army
992:Russians
973:murdered
618:a series
616:Part of
504:Estonian
200:Ultimata
40:a series
38:Part of
6062:Vaivara
5879:Ukraine
5849:Belarus
5679:Galicia
5657:Ukraine
5627:Romania
5577:Ireland
5572:Iceland
5562:Hungary
5552:Germany
5530:Finland
5525:Estonia
5520:Denmark
5505:Belgium
5500:Austria
5495:Albania
5337:Uruguay
5269:Arizona
5196:Morocco
5191:Tunisia
5176:Liberia
5015:Founded
4995:Tunisia
4980:Finland
4950:Muscovy
4924:Ukraine
4919:Ostland
4897:Founded
4850:Ukraine
4820:Romania
4810:Hungary
4785:Belarus
4759:Ukraine
4684:Hungary
4664:Denmark
4654:Croatia
4644:Belarus
4639:Austria
4629:Albania
4622:Founded
4532:Croatia
4477:Founded
4327:Galicia
4302:Founded
4208:Galicia
4193:Brabant
4125:Austria
4098:Founded
4072:Holland
4001:Silesia
3936:Hamburg
3874:Founded
3764:Ukraine
3752:Belarus
3727:Romania
3665:Vietnam
3640:Hungary
3622:Finland
3617:Denmark
3612:Croatia
3570:Belgium
3553:Estonia
3531:Albania
3153:Italian
2998:May 20,
2973:May 20,
2943:May 20,
2781:Vaivara
2704:Estonia
2420:12 July
2383:12 July
1982:led by
1936:Estonia
1928:Ostland
1831:during
1829:Estonia
1618:removed
1603:sources
1547:led by
1529:Petseri
1496:in the
1481:in the
1462:led by
1111:Tallinn
1091:Emajõgi
629:Estonia
509:Latvian
462:Sąjūdis
286:Estonia
6057:Jägala
6052:Klooga
5888:Crimes
5874:Russia
5869:Poland
5864:Norway
5854:Latvia
5686:Sweden
5617:Poland
5612:Norway
5587:Latvia
5557:Greece
5535:France
5488:Europe
5474:Turkey
5434:Malaya
5363:Ceylon
5317:Brazil
5279:Nevada
5254:Mexico
5234:Canada
5124:Africa
4985:Monaco
4914:Norway
4835:Serbia
4805:Greece
4800:France
4778:Exiled
4679:Greece
4674:France
4571:Serbia
4566:Poland
4556:Greece
4537:France
4414:Alsace
4395:German
4347:Warsaw
4337:Lublin
4332:KrakĂłw
4228:Venice
4163:Vienna
4153:Styria
4006:Swabia
3991:Saxony
3891:Berlin
3784:Taiwan
3732:Serbia
3722:Poland
3712:Norway
3702:Malaya
3635:Greece
3630:France
3585:Ceylon
3558:Latvia
3148:German
3022:
2822:
2504:
2448:
2297:
2265:
2242:
2215:
1974:under
1541:Wagner
1487:Stubaf
1468:Auvere
1265:Sweden
941:, the
931:German
670:Chudes
620:on the
308:Latvia
42:on the
5761:Nauru
5706:Wales
5664:Spain
5582:Italy
5469:Tibet
5444:Nepal
5429:Japan
5402:India
5368:China
5358:Burma
5171:Kenya
5141:Egypt
5008:Other
4704:Lokot
4699:Lepel
4689:Italy
4576:Banat
4444:Posen
4342:Radom
4183:Banat
3921:Essen
3771:Spain
3687:Korea
3682:Italy
3645:India
3590:China
3580:Burma
3416:Heiho
2994:, BBC
2478:(PDF)
2471:(PDF)
1922:of a
1712:(The
1567:Sõrve
1537:Tartu
1369:Nevel
1107:Narva
1095:Tartu
1067:Harju
981:local
665:Aesti
5479:Tuva
5424:Iraq
5419:Iran
5351:Asia
5239:Cuba
4960:Ural
4714:Nias
4634:Asch
3855:Gaus
3677:Iraq
3660:Laos
3230:Hiwi
3124:and
3020:ISBN
3000:2010
2975:2010
2945:2010
2820:ISBN
2502:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2422:2013
2385:2013
2295:ISBN
2263:ISBN
2240:ISBN
2213:ISBN
2062:The
1904:and
1660:USSR
1601:any
1599:cite
1533:Võru
1215:and
1081:The
1000:Jews
945:had
933:and
3150:and
2442:200
2236:188
1762:SS-
1758:.)
1720:.)
1612:by
1313:by
1089:to
6196::
4543:‧
3081:.
3043:.
2961:.
2935:,
2917:,
2890:,
2833:^
2735:^
2724:.
2710:^
2678:^
2667:.
2648:.
2622:,
2597:–
2580:^
2444:,
2353:.
2317:^
2293:,
2238:,
2200:^
2186:.
2134:.
2127:.
2070:.
2050::
1934:.
1813::
1688:)
1674:.
1551:.
1500:.
1371:.
1263:,
1184:.
1150:.
1018:.
998:,
994:,
990:,
979:,
960::
921:,
5815:e
5808:t
5801:v
5568:)
5564:(
5109:e
5102:t
5095:v
4547:)
4539:(
4068:)
4064:(
3867:)
3859:(
3822:e
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3808:v
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3100:v
3028:.
2977:.
2574:.
2508:.
2487:.
1944:.
1809:(
1639:)
1633:(
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1624:(
1620:.
1606:.
1336:)
1330:(
1325:)
1321:(
1307:.
906:e
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601:e
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
