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patrolling U.S. Navy ship off the coast of
Bluefields, allegedly to protect the lives and interests of American citizens who lived there. The Conservative Party sought to overthrow Zelaya which led to Estrada's rebellion in December 1909. Two Americans, Leonard Groce and Lee Roy Cannon, were captured and indicted for allegedly joining the rebellion and the laying of mines. Zelaya ordered the execution of the two Americans, which severed
1000:
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1641:, a Conservative, assumed the presidency, and continued to attract foreign investment. Some Marines remained in the country after the intervention, occasionally clashing with local residents. In 1921, a group of Marines who raided a Managua newspaper office were dishonorably discharged. Later that year, a Marine private shot and killed a Nicaraguan policeman.
1288:, the Secretary of War. Mena managed to gain the support of the National Assembly, accusing DĂaz of "selling out the nation to New York bankers". DĂaz asked the U.S. government for help, as Mena's opposition turned into rebellion. Knox appealed to president Taft for military intervention, arguing that the Nicaraguan railway from
2909:
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Of the 1,100 members of the United States military that intervened in
Nicaragua, thirty-seven were killed in action. With DĂaz safely in the presidency of the country, the United States proceeded to withdraw the majority of its forces from Nicaraguan territory, leaving one hundred Marines to "protect
1042:
spent the next five months in
Central America, mostly at Corinto, maintaining U.S. neutrality in the ongoing rebellion, sometimes under criticism by the U.S. press and business interests that were displeased by Kimball's "friendly" attitude toward the liberal Madriz administration. By mid-March 1910,
1734:. Despite additional conflict with Sandino's rebels, U.S.-supervised elections were held on November 4, 1928, with Moncada the winner. Manuel Giron was captured and executed in February 1929, and Sandino took a year's leave in Mexico. By 1930, Sandino's guerrilla forces numbered more than 5,000 men.
1323:
DĂaz, relying on the U.S. government's traditional support of the
Nicaraguan conservative faction, made clear that he could not guarantee the safety of U.S. persons and property in Nicaragua and requested U.S. intervention. In the first two weeks of August 1912, Mena and his forces captured steamers
1593:
ZeledĂłn and most of his troops had fled the previous day during the bombardment, many to Masaya, where
Nicaraguan government troops captured or killed most of them, including ZeledĂłn. With the insurgents driven from Masaya, Southerland ordered the occupation of Leon to stop any further interference
1581:
On
October 2, Nicaraguan government troops loyal to President Diaz delivered a surrender ultimatum to ZelaydĂłn, who refused. Rear Admiral Southerland realized that Nicaraguan government forces would not vanquish the insurgents by bombardment or infantry assault, and ordered the Marine commanders to
2000:
1018:
admonished that the United States would not resume diplomatic relations with
Nicaragua until Madriz demonstrated that his was a "responsible government ... prepared to make reparations for the wrongs" done to American citizens. His request for asylum granted by Mexico, Zelaya was escorted by armed
1585:
On
October 3, Butler and his men, returning from the capture of Granada, pounded the hills with artillery throughout the day, with no response from the insurgents. In the pre-dawn hours of October 4, Butler's 250 Marines began moving up the higher hill, Coyotepe, to converge with Pendletons's 600
2191:
1626:
On
October 23, Southerland announced that but for the Nicaraguan elections in early November, he would withdraw most of the U.S. landing forces. At that point, peaceful conditions prevailed and nearly all of the embarked U.S. Marines and bluejackets that had numbered approximately 2,350 at their
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who received support from the U.S. government as a result of
American entrepreneurs providing financial assistance to Estrada's rebellion in the hopes of gaining economic concessions after the rebellion's victory. The United States had limited military presence in Nicaragua, having only one
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1946:
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By 1912 the ongoing political conflict in Nicaragua between the liberal and conservative factions had deteriorated to the point that U.S. investments under President Taft's Dollar Diplomacy including substantial loans to the fragile coalition government of conservative President
3085:"COOLIDGE PREDICTS PEACE IN NICARAGUA; Tells Dr. Cesar, New Envoy, First Steps for Composing Differences Have Been Taken. DISCLAIMS SELFISH AIMS Says We Desire Freedom and Prosperity of Every Central American Republic. COOLIDGE PREDICTS PEACE IN NICARAGUA"
1265:, and also to protect American private investment in the development of Nicaragua's natural resources. The policy opened the door for American banks to lend money to the Nicaraguan government, ensuring United States control over the country's finances.
1061:
as his successor. Madriz in turn had to face an advance by the reinvigorated eastern rebel forces, which ultimately led to his resignation. In August 1910, Juan Estrada became president of Nicaragua with the official recognition of the United States.
1514:
to protect the railway line running from Corinto to Managua and then south to Granada on the north shore of Lake Nicaragua. This landing party reembarked aboard ship October 24 and 25, 1912. One officer and 24 men were landed from the
1303:
to name him successor to DĂaz when DĂaz's term expired in 1913. When the United States refused to recognize the Nicaraguan assembly's decision, Mena rebelled against the DĂaz government. A force led by liberal General
1043:
the insurgency led by Estrada and Chamorro had seemingly collapsed and with the apparent and unexpected strength of Madriz, the U.S. Nicaraguan Expeditionary Squadron completed its withdrawal from Nicaraguan waters.
1484:
on board. Admiral Southerland's priorities were to re-establish and safeguard the disrupted railway and cable lines between the principal port of Corinto and Managua, 110 kilometres (70 mi) to the southeast.
336:
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The Hoover administration started a U.S. pullout such that by February 1932, only 745 men remained. Juan Sacasa was elected president in the November 6, 1932, election. The
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or "dollars for bullets" policy. The goal was to undermine European financial strength in the region, which threatened American interests to construct a canal in the
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On June 30, Sandino seized the San Albino gold mine, denounced the Conservative government, and attracted recruits to continue operations. The next month saw the
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DĂaz's connection with the United States led to a decline in his popularity in Nicaragua. Nationalistic sentiments arose in the Nicaraguan military, including
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187:
1578:, two hills overlooking the all-important railway line at Masaya that ZeledĂłn and about 550 of his men occupied, halfway between Managua and Granada.
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and Nicaraguan General Juan Estrada, each leading conservative revolts against Zelaya's government, had captured three small towns on the border with
539:
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The Banana Wars: A History of United States Military Intervention in Latin America from the Spanish–American War to the Invasion of Panama
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1590:. At the summit, the American forces seized the rebel's artillery and used it to rout ZeledĂłn's troops on Barranca across the valley.
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4203:
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3798:
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3067:"COOLIDGE CONFERS ON NICARAGUA CRISIS; NEW POLICY HINTED; Calls Kellogg and Wilbur After Stating Marines Landed to Protect Americans"
573:
1336:, subjecting it to a four-hour bombardment. U.S. minister George Wetzel cabled Washington to send U.S. troops to safeguard the U.S.
3546:
3309:
1574:. Beginning on the morning of September 27 and continuing through October 1, Nicaraguan government forces bombarded Barranca and
825:
countries from 1898 to 1934. The formal occupation began on August 4, 1912, even though there were various other assaults by the
17:
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peak, not including approximately 1,000 shipboard sailors, withdrew, leaving a legation guard of 100 Marines in Managua.
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1057:
condemned Zelaya's actions, favoring Estrada. Zelaya succumbed to U.S. political pressure and fled the country, leaving
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1930:
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The Knox-Castrillo Treaty of 1911, ratified in 1912, put the U.S. in charge of much of Nicaragua's financial system.
1285:
1274:
746:
243:
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1910:
1426:, where she arrived on August 6 and landed a force of 50 men to protect American lives and property. A force of 350
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brokered a peace deal which included disarmament and promised elections in 1928. However, the Liberal commander
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in August. On May 7, 1926, a U.S. Navy landing force, consisting of 213 officers and men, was landed from the
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messages from the other navy ships to and from Washington until departing on September 30, for patrol duty.
1117:
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with her crew of 155 allegedly to protect American citizens and property on the Pacific coast of Nicaragua.
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declared himself Constitutional President of Nicaragua from Puerto Cabezas on December 1, 1926. Following
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1972:
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arrived on the coast of Nicaragua with 250 Marines, for the purpose of providing security in Bluefields.
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49:
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1206:
1011:, was elected by unanimous vote of the liberal Nicaraguan national assembly on December 20, 1909. U.S.
291:
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from August 30 to September 6, 1912, and from September 11 to 27, 1912 to protect the cable station,
1470:
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on the nineteenth), where they were reinforced with the Marine first battalion commanded by Colonel
1444:
and disembarked at Managua to reinforce the legation guard on August 15, 1912. Under this backdrop,
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with the U.S.-controlled railroad. On October 6, 1,000 bluejackets and Marines, from the cruisers
1332:
that were owned by a railroad company managed by U.S. interests. Insurgents attacked the capital,
860:(1929–1933) opposed the relationship. On January 2, 1933, Hoover ended the American intervention.
255:
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On the morning of September 22, two battalions of Marines and an artillery battery under Major
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ship's landing force under Lt. A. Reed rests beside the Corinto, Nicaragua railroad line, 1912.
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1623:, the last stronghold of the insurgency. The revolution of General Diaz was essentially over.
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List of Expeditions 1901–1929, Navy Department Library, Navy History & Heritage Command
1804:
1799:
1791:
1673:
1665:
1602:
1419:
1086:
1035:
925:. U.S. Naval warships that had been waiting off Mexico and Costa Rica moved into position.
792:
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8:
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On August 4, at the recommendation of the Nicaraguan president, a landing force of 100
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55:
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between the conservative and liberal factions on May 2, 1926, with liberals capturing
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4147:
4135:
4101:
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3184:
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2839:
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1926:
1473:
1441:
1434:
1415:
1300:
1254:
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878:
877:
U.S. Marines leaving New York City in 1909 for deployment in Nicaragua. Then-Colonel
710:
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486:
472:
1692:. On January 24, 1927, the first elements of U.S. forces arrived, with 400 Marines.
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4229:
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3734:
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1777:
1731:
1712:
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1210:
842:
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413:
120:
2555:. Washington, For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. July 21, 2010
1351:
was on routine patrol off the west coast of Nicaragua. In the summer of 1912, 100
1277:
forced Estrada to resign. He was replaced by his vice president, the conservative
965:
4510:
4259:
3712:
3706:
2937:
2702:
1750:
1689:
1620:
1616:
583:
1737:
The only American journalist who interviewed Sandino during this occupation was
1715:. By March, the U.S. had 2,000 troops in Nicaragua under the command of General
4564:
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4540:
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4387:
4217:
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1147:
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314:
219:
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284:
136 marines killed (32 killed-in-action, 15 died of wounds, and 5 murdered by
4670:
4652:
4639:
4582:
4534:
4516:
4423:
3214:
2455:
Nicaragua: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1993
2326:"Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy for the Fiscal Year 1910, p. 803"
1720:
1507:
826:
822:
818:
214:
203:
148:
105:
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4552:
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1313:
973:
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and 750 Marines. The main goal was securing the railroad from Corinto to
1008:
814:
595:
549:
41:
1034:
As the flagship of the Nicaraguan Expeditionary Squadron, under Admiral
2873:
The Banana Wars: United States Intervention in the Caribbean, 1898–1934
2578:
The Banana Wars: United States Intervention in the Caribbean, 1898–1934
2519:
The Banana Wars: United States Intervention in the Caribbean, 1898–1934
2482:
The Banana Wars: United States Intervention in the Caribbean, 1898–1934
1743:
1696:
1653:
918:
902:
3164:
3133:
2833:
The War of 1898 and U.S. Interventions, 1898 to 1934: An Encyclopedia
2641:
The War of 1898 and U.S. Interventions, 1898 to 1934: An Encyclopedia
1200:
1007:
Zelaya resigned on December 14, 1909, and his hand-picked successor,
830:
162:
93:
3128:
1860:
The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power
1563:
1547:
1536:
1403:
1337:
999:
3966:
3222:
2931:
Sailors As Infantry in the U.S. Navy, The Navy Department Library
1700:
1524:
1399:
1379:
1262:
922:
3007:. Historical Branch, G-3, United States Marine Corps. p. 11
1343:
At the time the revolution broke out, the Pacific Fleet gunboat
3929:
3691:
2373:
The Banana Wars: An Inner History of American Empire, 1900–1934
1711:'s Observation Squadron arrived on February 26, which included
1571:
1477:
1391:
1364:
1309:
881:, in charge of the detachment, is in civilian clothes at right.
837:
in Nicaragua were designed to stop any other nation except the
285:
2949:
2947:
2945:
1905:
Andrew Glass, "Marines withdraw from Nicaragua, Jan. 2, 1933"
1570:
surrendered his 700 troops to Southerland and was deported to
517:
2904:
2902:
72:(20 years, 4 months, 4 weeks and 1 day)
4333:
3962:
United States involvement in regime change in Latin America
2942:
1925:. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc. pp. 56–58.
1452:, from late August to September 1912, under the command of
1406:
during the insurgency. On the east coast of Nicaragua, the
1367:
with 350 Marines. The commander of the American forces was
561:
82:(6 years, 7 months, 3 weeks and 5 days)
2899:
1923:
The Banana Wars: United States in the Caribbean, 1898-1934
813:
from August 4, 1912, to January 2, 1933, was part of the
2912:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. October 7, 1912. p. 3
2807:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. October 7, 1912. p. 3
1760:
was the last major engagement of the U.S. intervention.
1727:, and 200 of his men refused to give up the revolution.
1506:, under the command of the ship's navigator, Lieutenant
1502:
On August 29, 1912, a landing force of 120 men from USS
1448:
and seven other ships from the Pacific Fleet arrived at
1672:
at Bluefields to protect Americans and U.S. interests.
2864:
2862:
2553:"Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy for 1912"
1476:
arrived at Corinto on August 27, 1912, with 350 navy
4038:
2979:. Vol. LXX, no. 23, 045. February 27, 1921
2447:
2445:
1767:
1586:
Marines and a landing battalion of bluejackets from
921:
and were fomenting open rebellion in the capital of
3774:
United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution
2824:
2822:
1566:General Mena, the primary instigator of the failed
2956:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture
2859:
2421:
1402:, to protect American citizens and guard the U.S.
2442:
1695:Government forces were defeated on February 6 at
1688:, who then requested intervention from President
1296:was threatened, interfering with U.S. interests.
75:First Occupation: August 4, 1912 – August 4, 1925
4668:
4422:and other inhabited territories governed by the
2819:
1680:' resignation, the Nicaraguan Congress selected
344:
80:Second Occupation: May 7, 1926 – January 2, 1933
54:United States Marines with the captured flag of
3200:Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838)
2763:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. September 1, 1912
2261:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. December 26, 1909
2235:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. December 26, 1909
2209:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. December 17, 1909
2173:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. December 21, 1909
2137:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. December 15, 1909
2111:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. December 15, 1909
2085:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. December 13, 1909
2059:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. December 14, 1909
2033:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. November 27, 1909
1707:and the occupation of La Loma Fort in Managua.
139:
27:1912–1933 occupation as part of the Banana Wars
4707:United States Marine Corps in the 20th century
2953:
2305:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. January 29, 1910
2283:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. January 14, 1910
2007:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. December 8, 1909
1953:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. December 1, 1909
1895:. Chicago: Quadrangle Books. pp. 239–240.
1871:
1869:
4024:
3677:
3149:
2785:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. October 1, 1912
2717:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. August 30, 1912
2677:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. August 27, 1912
2618:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. August 29, 1912
1230:
868:
533:
330:
2958:. Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 822–833.
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2353:. Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. March 16, 1910
3693:United States intervention in Latin America
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
1866:
1815:Overseas interventions of the United States
1249:Estrada's administration allowed President
153:
4737:United States involvement in regime change
4722:Nicaragua–United States military relations
4031:
4017:
3979:Nicaragua's case against the United States
3684:
3670:
3156:
3142:
2761:"The Washington Herald, September 1, 1912"
2375:. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
2207:"The Pensacola Journal, December 17, 1909"
1862:. New York City: Basic Books. p. 148.
1825:United States involvement in regime change
1299:In mid-1912 Mena persuaded the Nicaraguan
1273:were in jeopardy. Minister of War General
1237:
1223:
1067:
968:, with 700 Marines. On December 12, 1909,
540:
526:
337:
323:
2910:"The San Francisco Call, October 6, 1912"
2805:"The San Francisco Call, October 7, 1912"
2323:
2303:"The Washington Herald, January 29, 1910"
2281:"The Salt Lake Tribune, January 14, 1910"
1880:. Chicago: Quadrangle Books. p. 239.
1312:, quickly came to the aid of Mena, whose
1046:On May 27, 1910, U.S. Marine Corps Major
863:
2675:"The Washington Herald, August 27, 1912"
2419:
2378:
1890:
1875:
1487:
998:
872:
2868:
2737:"The New York Times, September 2, 1912"
2573:
2514:
2477:
1920:
14:
4669:
4468:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
3163:
3001:The United States Marines in Nicaragua
1830:United States-Latin American relations
1535:remained at San Juan del Sur to relay
1523:on the southern end of the Nicaraguan
4012:
3998:Latin America–United States relations
3665:
3137:
2828:
2636:
2171:"New York Tribune, December 21, 1909"
811:United States occupation of Nicaragua
521:
318:
35:United States occupation of Nicaragua
4619:
3851:Occupation of the Dominican Republic
3845:Occupation of the Dominican Republic
3210:United States occupation (1912–1933)
2970:"Marines Sentenced For Managua Raid"
2869:Langley, Lester D. (March 5, 1912).
2574:Langley, Lester D. (March 5, 1912).
2515:Langley, Lester D. (March 5, 1912).
2478:Langley, Lester D. (March 5, 1912).
1857:
1703:, prompting U.S. Marine landings at
1027:, on the night of December 23, with
273:7 killed (5 marines & 2 sailors)
3993:Foreign policy of the United States
3037:
2783:"The New York Sun, October 1, 1912"
1631:the American legation in Managua".
1123:Federal Republic of Central America
24:
4056:Organized incorporated territories
3805:Separation of Panama from Colombia
2428:. New York: MacMillan Publishing.
1644:
1385:
1031:standing by but taking no action.
309:1,115 Sandinista insurgents killed
25:
4748:
3112:
2997:
2715:"El Paso Herald, August 30, 1912"
2521:, by Lester D. Langley, pp. 60-70
2484:, by Lester D. Langley, pp. 60–70
2324:Navy Dept, United States (1910).
1951:, Honesdale, PA December 1, 1909"
1891:Macaulay, Neill (February 1998).
1876:Macaulay, Neill (February 1998).
1840:Nicaragua–United States relations
4717:Wars involving the United States
4618:
4609:
4608:
4420:United Nations trust territories
4040:Territories of the United States
2954:Thiessen-Reily, Heather (2008).
1820:Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal
1784:
1770:
1753:sent U.S. Marines to Nicaragua.
1699:, followed by another defeat at
1619:, U.S.M.C. captured the city of
1372:William Henry Hudson Southerland
1199:
1096:
1052:United States Secretary of State
249:
237:
225:
213:
209:William Henry Hudson Southerland
202:
181:
169:
155:
141:
70:August 4, 1912 – January 2, 1933
48:
4474:American Concession in Shanghai
3095:
3077:
3059:
3027:"List of Expeditions 1901-1929"
3019:
2991:
2962:
2924:
2835:, by Benjamin Beede, p. 376–377
2797:
2775:
2753:
2729:
2707:
2689:
2667:
2630:
2604:
2567:
2545:
2508:
2471:
2365:
2339:
2317:
2295:
2273:
2247:
2221:
2199:
2185:
2163:
2149:
2123:
2097:
2071:
2045:
835:American military interventions
547:
4480:American concession of Tianjin
3233:Post-Sandinista period (1990–)
2019:
1993:
1965:
1939:
1914:
1899:
1884:
1851:
13:
1:
4702:Military history of Nicaragua
4692:American military occupations
3228:Sandinista period (1979–1990)
2875:, by Lester D. Langley, p. 69
2580:, by Lester D. Langley, p. 65
1845:
1148:35 Years of conservative rule
1019:guard to the Mexican gunboat
956:, on the Atlantic coast with
885:In 1909 Nicaraguan President
305:Second occupation (1926–1933)
292:Nicaraguan National Guardsmen
280:Second occupation (1926–1933)
117:Change of regime in Nicaragua
4071:U.S. territorial sovereignty
2878:. Rowman & Littlefield.
2583:. Rowman & Littlefield.
2524:. Rowman & Littlefield.
2487:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1556:ambushed by rebels at Masaya
349:U.S. occupation of Nicaragua
298:First occupation (1912–1925)
269:First occupation (1912–1925)
7:
3946:1989 Paraguayan coup d'Ă©tat
3941:1979 Salvadoran coup d'Ă©tat
3881:1954 Paraguayan coup d'Ă©tat
3876:1954 Guatemalan coup d'Ă©tat
3547:Water supply and sanitation
3129:Sandino rebellion 1927–1934
3103:"Intervention in Nicaragua"
3045:"Our Century: The Twenties"
2829:Beede, Benjamin R. (1994).
2643:, by Benjamin Beede, p. 376
2637:Beede, Benjamin R. (1994).
2371:Langley, Lester D. (1983).
1763:
1582:prepare to take the hills.
10:
4753:
4321:Unincorporated territories
3936:1976 Argentine coup d'Ă©tat
3925:1973 Uruguayan coup d'Ă©tat
1921:Langley, Lester D (2002).
1858:Boot, Max (May 27, 2003).
1835:Nicaragua v. United States
1153:Liberal Revolution of 1893
893:faced opposition from the
869:Estrada's rebellion (1909)
848:Nicaragua assumed a quasi-
123:marks US withdrawal (1933)
4604:
4506:
4489:
4432:
4415:
4329:
4316:
4079:
4046:
3988:
3954:
3915:1971 Bolivian coup d'Ă©tat
3898:1964 Bolivian coup d'Ă©tat
3866:
3821:Second Occupation of Cuba
3783:
3748:
3699:
3616:
3555:
3507:
3503:
3494:
3424:
3415:
3331:
3322:
3250:
3241:
3215:Somoza Family (1936–1979)
3175:
2936:December 2, 2012, at the
2701:December 3, 2010, at the
1810:Nicaraguan Campaign Medal
1308:, with its stronghold at
1128:18 Years of military rule
1023:and departed Corinto for
622:Second Honduran Civil War
557:
358:
262:
195:
133:
62:
47:
39:
34:
4712:Wars involving Nicaragua
4406:Northern Mariana Islands
3920:1973 Chilean coup d'Ă©tat
3809:Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty
3799:First Occupation of Cuba
3336:Administrative divisions
3195:Mexican rule (1822–1823)
2838:. Taylor & Francis.
2646:. Taylor & Francis.
2457:, edited by Tim Merrill"
1678:Emiliano Chamorro Vargas
1658:JosĂ© MarĂa Moncada Tapia
1639:Emiliano Chamorro Vargas
1531:and American interests.
1359:. They were followed by
1113:Piracy on Lake Nicaragua
915:Emiliano Chamorro Vargas
839:United States of America
833:throughout this period.
798:San Francisco de Macoris
617:First Honduran Civil War
3827:Occupation of Nicaragua
3815:Occupations of Honduras
2420:Musicant, Ivan (1990).
2349:The Marion Daily Mirror
1355:arrived aboard the USS
1253:and Secretary of State
1168:Sandinista insurrection
1068:Mena's rebellion (1912)
928:The protected cruisers
18:Occupation of Nicaragua
3833:Occupation of Veracruz
3124:Nicaragua 10 1909–1933
3051:. 1999. Archived from
2231:The Los Angeles Herald
2193:The Los Angeles Herald
2107:The San Francisco Call
2055:The San Francisco Call
1499:
1376:Joseph Henry Pendleton
1178:Post-Sandinista period
1004:
988:, to join the gunboat
882:
864:Conflicts in Nicaragua
852:status under the 1916
196:Commanders and leaders
4061:Territorial evolution
3119:Nicaragua 8 1850–1868
1725:Augusto CĂ©sar Sandino
1491:
1430:shipped north on the
1424:Bluefields, Nicaragua
1002:
984:with 155, arrived at
954:Bluefields, Nicaragua
952:lay in the harbor at
876:
854:Bryan–Chamorro Treaty
603:Puerto Rican campaign
263:Casualties and losses
256:Augusto CĂ©sar Sandino
4697:American imperialism
3973:Cuban Missile Crisis
3886:Bay of Pigs Invasion
3762:Spanish–American War
3756:Mexican–American War
3729:Good Neighbor policy
3403:Territorial disputes
3073:. December 29, 1926.
2259:, December 21, 1909"
2233:, December 26, 1909"
2160:, December 17, 1909.
2135:, December 15, 1909"
2109:, December 15, 1909"
2083:, December 13, 1909"
2057:, December 14, 1909"
2031:, November 27, 1909"
1977:, November 23, 1909"
1805:History of Nicaragua
1800:American imperialism
1792:United States portal
1674:Juan Bautista Sacasa
1420:North Atlantic Fleet
1394:was dispatched from
1374:, joined by Colonel
1188:Coronavirus pandemic
569:Spanish–American War
395:Nicaraguan Civil War
4653:13.0000°N 85.0000°W
4649: /
4498:uninhabited islands
4400:U.S. Virgin Islands
3839:Occupation of Haiti
3793:Paraguay expedition
3719:Roosevelt Corollary
3091:. January 21, 1927.
2459:. Countrystudies.us
2257:Los Angeles Tribune
2005:, December 8, 1909"
1560:Joseph H. Pendleton
1251:William Howard Taft
1025:Salina Cruz, Mexico
651:1926–1927 civil war
579:2nd U.S. occupation
574:1st U.S. occupation
288:National Guardsmen)
4732:1930s in Nicaragua
4727:1920s in Nicaragua
4682:1910s in Nicaragua
3892:Operation Mongoose
3857:Invasion of Panama
3768:Mexican Border War
3723:Big Stick ideology
3472:Telecommunications
3089:The New York Times
3071:The New York Times
3055:on March 11, 2007.
2998:Nalty, Bernard C.
2977:The New York Times
2616:, August 29, 1912"
2196:December 21, 1909.
2133:Los Angeles Herald
2029:The Ogden Standard
2003:The Ogden Standard
1975:The New York Times
1893:The Sandino Affair
1878:The Sandino Affair
1758:Battle of El Sauce
1614:Lieutenant Colonel
1552:Granada, Nicaragua
1500:
1457:W.H.H. Southerland
1450:Corinto, Nicaragua
1418:from the American
1207:Years in Nicaragua
1036:William W. Kimball
1013:Secretary of State
1005:
1003:A map of Nicaragua
986:Corinto, Nicaragua
897:, led by governor
895:Conservative Party
887:José Santos Zelaya
883:
776:Dominican Republic
769:2nd Port-au-Prince
764:1st Port-au-Prince
589:Sugar Intervention
275:16 marines wounded
113:political victory
56:Augusto C. Sandino
4677:Conflicts in 1912
4658:13.0000; -85.0000
4632:
4631:
4496:claims and other
4494:Guano Islands Act
4394:Panama Canal Zone
4066:Thirteen Colonies
4006:
4005:
3659:
3658:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3490:
3489:
3411:
3410:
3388:Political parties
3383:National Assembly
3351:Foreign relations
3318:
3317:
2435:978-0-02-588210-2
2351:, March 16, 1910"
2081:The Hawaiian Star
1713:DeHavilland DH-4s
1650:Civil war erupted
1637:In 1916, General
1474:Thomas Washington
1422:) was ordered to
1416:protected cruiser
1301:national assembly
1271:Juan José Estrada
1255:Philander C. Knox
1247:
1246:
1173:Sandinista period
1055:Philander C. Knox
1016:Philander C. Knox
899:Juan José Estrada
879:William P. Biddle
806:
805:
515:
514:
313:
312:
129:
128:
16:(Redirected from
4744:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4622:
4621:
4612:
4611:
4577:Quita Sueño Bank
4157:Indian Territory
4033:
4026:
4019:
4010:
4009:
3903:Operation Condor
3735:Dollar diplomacy
3686:
3679:
3672:
3663:
3662:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3595:National symbols
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3452:Economic history
3447:
3422:
3421:
3329:
3328:
3248:
3247:
3190:Spanish conquest
3158:
3151:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3031:history.navy.mil
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3006:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2974:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2951:
2940:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2906:
2897:
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2894:
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2866:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
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2795:
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2790:
2779:
2773:
2772:
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2768:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2711:
2705:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2634:
2628:
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2625:
2623:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
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2562:
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2549:
2543:
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2506:
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2503:
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2440:
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2427:
2417:
2376:
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2321:
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2277:
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2251:
2245:
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2242:
2240:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2203:
2197:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2167:
2161:
2158:New York Tribune
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2101:
2095:
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2075:
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2066:
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2049:
2043:
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2038:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1981:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1918:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1778:Nicaragua portal
1775:
1774:
1773:
1732:Battle of Ocotal
1521:San Juan del Sur
1398:to the capital,
1306:BenjamĂn ZeledĂłn
1259:Dollar Diplomacy
1239:
1232:
1225:
1211:Nicaragua Portal
1204:
1203:
1108:Spanish conquest
1100:
1090:
1072:
1071:
1021:General Guerrero
976:and the gunboat
843:Nicaraguan Canal
841:from building a
821:invaded various
552:
542:
535:
528:
519:
518:
353:
352:
350:
339:
332:
325:
316:
315:
254:
253:
252:
242:
241:
240:
232:BenjamĂn ZeledĂłn
230:
229:
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218:
217:
207:
206:
186:
185:
184:
174:
173:
172:
165:
161:
159:
158:
151:
147:
145:
144:
121:Great Depression
108:military victory
64:
63:
52:
32:
31:
21:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4667:
4666:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4628:
4600:
4511:Phoenix Islands
4502:
4485:
4462:Volcano Islands
4428:
4411:
4325:
4312:
4075:
4042:
4037:
4007:
4002:
3984:
3950:
3862:
3786:and occupations
3785:
3779:
3744:
3713:Platt Amendment
3707:Monroe Doctrine
3695:
3690:
3660:
3655:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3604:
3600:Public holidays
3551:
3486:
3462:Nicaragua Canal
3445:
3407:
3373:Law enforcement
3314:
3310:Water resources
3295:Protected areas
3237:
3171:
3162:
3115:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3065:
3064:
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3008:
3004:
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2992:
2982:
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2972:
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2967:
2963:
2952:
2943:
2938:Wayback Machine
2929:
2925:
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2718:
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2708:
2703:Wayback Machine
2694:
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2169:
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2008:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1945:
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1940:
1933:
1919:
1915:
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1900:
1889:
1885:
1874:
1867:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1751:Calvin Coolidge
1690:Calvin Coolidge
1647:
1645:1927 occupation
1621:Leon, Nicaragua
1617:Charles G. Long
1469:, commanded by
1388:
1386:1912 occupation
1363:'s return from
1243:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1118:1823 Rebellions
1088:
1081:
1070:
871:
866:
807:
802:
584:Negro Rebellion
553:
548:
546:
516:
511:
510:
354:
348:
346:
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308:
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81:
77:(13 years)
76:
71:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4630:
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4627:
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4616:
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4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4592:
4591:(1899–present)
4586:
4585:(1898–present)
4580:
4574:
4573:(1867–present)
4568:
4567:(1867–present)
4565:Howland Island
4562:
4556:
4555:(1860–present)
4550:
4549:(1858–present)
4547:Navassa Island
4544:
4543:(1858–present)
4541:Johnston Atoll
4538:
4537:(1858–present)
4532:
4531:(1857–present)
4526:
4520:
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4507:
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4437:Ryukyu Islands
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4408:(1986–present)
4403:
4402:(1917–present)
4397:
4391:
4390:(1899–present)
4388:American Samoa
4385:
4384:
4383:
4377:
4371:
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4361:
4360:
4354:
4348:
4337:
4336:(1898–present)
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1709:Ross E. Rowell
1662:Puerto Cabezas
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944:, and collier
913:The forces of
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823:Latin American
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1508:Allen B. Reed
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1393:
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1349: (PG-10)
1348:
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1326:Lakes Managua
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966:ColĂłn, Panama
964:en route for
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381:Coyotepe Hill
379:
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176:Liberal Party
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4595:Corn Islands
4571:Midway Atoll
4559:Swan Islands
4553:Kingman Reef
4529:Baker Island
4523:Serrana Bank
4382:1952–present
4380:Commonwealth
4364:Puerto Rico
4357:Commonwealth
3826:
3637:Bibliography
3517:Demographics
3439:Central Bank
3378:Armed Forces
3361:Human rights
3341:Constitution
3209:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3053:the original
3048:
3039:
3030:
3021:
3011:February 27,
3009:. Retrieved
3000:
2993:
2983:February 27,
2981:. Retrieved
2976:
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2009:. Retrieved
2002:
1995:
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1967:
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1948:
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1717:Logan Feland
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1516:
1510:, landed at
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1454:Rear Admiral
1445:
1436:
1428:U.S. Marines
1409:
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1353:U.S. Marines
1346:
1342:
1322:
1314:headquarters
1298:
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1248:
1157:
1133:Independence
1064:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1006:
991:
982: (PG-1)
979:
969:
962: (AD-5)
959:
950: (AG-1)
947:
939:
931:
927:
912:
884:
856:. President
850:protectorate
847:
810:
808:
759:Fort Rivière
754:Fort Dipitie
701:El Bramadero
666:San Fernando
628:
493:
479:
468:El Bramadero
450:
419:San Fernando
401:
387:
363:
347:
304:
297:
279:
268:
134:Belligerents
104:
40:Part of the
29:
4687:Banana Wars
4656: /
4597:(1914–1971)
4589:Wake Island
4579:(1869–1981)
4561:(1863–1972)
4525:(1856–1981)
4519:(1856–1981)
4513:(1856–1979)
4482:(1860–1901)
4476:(1848–1863)
4470:(1947–1994)
4464:(1945–1968)
4458:(1945–1968)
4396:(1903–1979)
4340:Philippines
4309:(1900–1959)
4303:(1868–1890)
4274:(1864–1889)
4268:(1863–1912)
4262:(1863–1890)
4256:(1861–1889)
4250:(1861–1876)
4244:(1861–1864)
4238:(1854–1867)
4232:(1854–1861)
4226:(1853–1889)
4220:(1850–1896)
4204:Provisional
4200:New Mexico
4197:(1849–1858)
4191:(1848–1859)
4185:(1838–1846)
4179:(1836–1848)
4150:(1822–1845)
4144:(1819–1836)
4138:(1817–1819)
4132:(1809–1818)
4126:(1805–1837)
4120:(1805–1821)
4110:(1804–1812)
4104:(1800–1816)
4098:(1798–1817)
4096:Mississippi
4092:(1790–1796)
4086:(1787–1803)
4051:Organic act
3969:(1979–1990)
3905:(1968–1989)
3853:(1965–1966)
3847:(1916–1924)
3841:(1915–1934)
3829:(1912–1933)
3823:(1906–1909)
3817:(1903–1925)
3801:(1899–1902)
3776:(1916–1919)
3770:(1910–1919)
3758:(1846–1848)
3740:Banana Wars
3715:(1901–1904)
3429:Agriculture
3366:LGBT rights
3260:Earthquakes
3220:Sandinistas
1949:The Citizen
1682:Adolfo Diaz
1568:coup d'etat
1478:bluejackets
1392:bluejackets
1279:Adolfo DĂaz
1087:History of
1059:José Madriz
1009:Jose Madriz
974:bluejackets
817:, when the
815:Banana Wars
671:Santa Clara
596:Puerto Rico
550:Banana Wars
501:Augua Carta
463:2nd Quilali
444:1st Quilali
424:Santa Clara
290:75 killed (
258:(1927–1933)
191:(1927–1933)
178:(1912–1927)
42:Banana Wars
4671:Categories
4644:85°00′00″W
4641:13°00′00″N
4281:Department
4224:Washington
3585:Mass media
3575:Literature
3512:Corruption
3446:(currency)
3356:Government
3265:Ecoregions
3223:v. Contras
3049:The Nation
1846:References
1744:The Nation
1719:. In May,
1697:Chinandega
1660:capturing
1654:Bluefields
1598:California
1588:California
1495:USS Denver
1442:Canal Zone
932:Des Moines
919:Costa Rica
903:Bluefields
793:Guayacanas
735:Border War
716:Agua Carta
681:Sapotillal
434:Sapotillal
4450:1950–1972
4444:1945–1950
4376:1900–1952
4370:1898–1900
4359:1935–1946
4353:1901–1935
4347:1898–1901
4295:1912–1959
4293:Territory
4289:1884–1912
4283:1867–1884
4212:1850–1912
4210:Territory
4206:1846–1850
4195:Minnesota
4177:Wisconsin
4171:1890–1907
4169:Territory
4165:1850–1890
4163:Panhandle
4159:1834–1907
4153:Oklahoma
4114:Louisiana
4090:Southwest
4084:Northwest
3532:Languages
3522:Education
3482:Transport
3398:President
3346:Elections
3305:Volcanoes
3285:Mountains
3243:Geography
3165:Nicaragua
2916:March 26,
2891:March 26,
2851:March 26,
2811:March 26,
2789:March 26,
2767:March 26,
2745:March 26,
2721:March 26,
2681:March 26,
2659:March 26,
2622:March 26,
2596:March 26,
2559:March 26,
2537:March 26,
2500:March 26,
2463:March 26,
2357:March 26,
2331:March 26,
2309:March 26,
2287:March 26,
2265:March 26,
2239:March 26,
2213:March 26,
2177:March 26,
2141:March 26,
2115:March 26,
2089:March 26,
2063:March 26,
2037:March 26,
2011:March 26,
1985:March 26,
1957:March 26,
1686:designado
1668:Cleveland
1603:USS
1596:USS
1471:Commander
1463:USS
1440:from the
1435:USS
1408:USS
1396:Annapolis
1357:Annapolis
1347:Annapolis
1345:USS
1330:Nicaragua
1286:Luis Mena
1275:Luis Mena
1163:Civil War
1089:Nicaragua
992:Vicksburg
990:USS
978:USS
972:with 280
958:USS
946:USS
938:USS
930:USS
831:Nicaragua
676:Telpaneca
629:Nicaragua
429:Telpaneca
244:Luis Mena
163:Nicaragua
94:Nicaragua
4614:Category
4442:Military
4368:Military
4345:Military
4287:District
4248:Colorado
4236:Nebraska
4142:Arkansas
4130:Illinois
4124:Michigan
4118:Missouri
3646:Category
3542:Religion
3444:CĂłrdoba
3393:Politics
3324:Politics
3169:articles
2934:Archived
2699:Archived
1907:Politico
1764:See also
1605:Colorado
1576:Coyotepe
1564:U.S.M.C.
1548:U.S.M.C.
1537:wireless
1404:legation
1338:legation
1316:were at
1078:a series
1076:Part of
980:Yorktown
948:Hannibal
740:Veracruz
721:El Sauce
610:Honduras
506:El Sauce
286:mutinous
89:Location
4624:Commons
4374:Insular
4351:Insular
4301:Wyoming
4277:Alaska
4272:Montana
4266:Arizona
4148:Florida
4136:Alabama
4108:Orleans
4102:Indiana
3967:Contras
3623:Outline
3590:Museums
3565:Cuisine
3557:Culture
3496:Society
3477:Tourism
3434:Banking
3417:Economy
3275:Islands
3185:Nicarao
3177:History
1909:(2019)
1705:Corinto
1701:Muy Muy
1612:led by
1525:isthmus
1512:Corinto
1482:Marines
1432:collier
1400:Managua
1380:Managua
1369:Admiral
1334:Managua
1318:Granada
1294:Granada
1290:Corinto
1263:isthmus
960:Prairie
923:Managua
889:of the
711:Achuapa
706:La Flor
696:Quilali
636:Granada
487:Achuapa
473:La Flor
388:1926–27
371:Granada
302:Unknown
58:in 1932
4307:Hawaii
4254:Dakota
4242:Nevada
4230:Kansas
4189:Oregon
3981:(1986)
3975:(1962)
3932:(1975)
3930:Limazo
3911:(1970)
3894:(1961)
3888:(1961)
3859:(1989)
3835:(1914)
3811:(1903)
3795:(1858)
3764:(1898)
3731:(1933)
3725:(1904)
3709:(1823)
3700:Policy
3651:Portal
3537:Health
3457:Energy
3300:Rivers
3167:
2882:
2842:
2650:
2587:
2528:
2491:
2432:
1929:
1670:(C-19)
1656:, and
1610:Denver
1608:, and
1572:Panama
1533:Denver
1517:Denver
1504:Denver
1465:Denver
1446:Denver
1437:Justin
1410:Tacoma
1365:Panama
1310:Masaya
1080:on the
1040:Albany
1029:Albany
970:Albany
940:Tacoma
728:Mexico
661:Ocotal
641:Masaya
414:Ocotal
376:Masaya
246:(1912)
234:(1912)
160:
146:
101:Result
4448:Civil
4260:Idaho
3955:Other
3630:Index
3580:Music
3280:Lakes
3270:Fauna
3005:(PDF)
2973:(PDF)
2740:(PDF)
2255:"The
1980:(PDF)
747:Haiti
4334:Guam
4218:Utah
4183:Iowa
3807:and
3749:Wars
3570:Film
3013:2021
2985:2021
2918:2018
2893:2018
2880:ISBN
2853:2018
2840:ISBN
2813:2018
2791:2018
2769:2018
2747:2018
2723:2018
2683:2018
2661:2018
2648:ISBN
2624:2018
2598:2018
2585:ISBN
2561:2018
2539:2018
2526:ISBN
2502:2018
2489:ISBN
2465:2018
2430:ISBN
2359:2018
2333:2018
2311:2018
2289:2018
2267:2018
2241:2018
2215:2018
2179:2018
2143:2018
2117:2018
2091:2018
2065:2018
2039:2018
2013:2018
1987:2018
1959:2018
1927:ISBN
1666:USS
1492:The
1480:and
1328:and
809:The
562:Cuba
494:1932
480:1930
451:1928
402:1927
364:1912
188:EDSN
67:Date
1741:of
1684:as
1519:at
1414:(a
1324:on
1292:to
901:of
829:in
4673::
3087:.
3069:.
3047:.
3029:.
2975:.
2944:^
2901:^
2861:^
2821:^
2444:^
2380:^
1868:^
1747:.
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1562:,
1546:,
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1382:.
1340:.
1320:.
1281:.
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845:.
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3033:.
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2145:.
2131:"
2119:.
2105:"
2093:.
2079:"
2067:.
2053:"
2041:.
2027:"
2015:.
2001:"
1989:.
1973:"
1961:.
1947:"
1935:.
1238:e
1231:t
1224:v
541:e
534:t
527:v
338:e
331:t
324:v
307::
300::
294:)
282::
271::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
