300:
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474:
448:
235:
22:
221:
Individuals may traditionally be referred to by their oeconyms rather than their surnames in Basque, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovene, and other languages. In these cultures the name of the property is more or less fixed and may refer to the people living there at any particular time, regardless of their
327:
In comparison to oeconyms in
Norwegian and Faroese, in which the share of such names based on persons' names may be as low as 4 to 5%, in Icelandic approximately 32% of oeconyms are based on a personal name. Since 1953, oeconyms have been enshrined in law, and Icelandic farms are required to have
433:
The traditional oeconym system was not retained among
Norwegian emigrants to the United States, even in communities where Norwegian continued to be spoken. It has been suggested that this was because of cultural differences, whereby American farms were perceived as income sources rather than
328:
registered names approved by a special committee. As travel by ship became more common in
Iceland, the number of farms that had to be distinguished grew in number, and more complex compound names were created. In compound Icelandic oeconyms, the single most common second element is
430:) was passed in Norway, many rural people adopted the names of the farms where they lived as surnames. These oeconyms were retained as surnames even after they moved away to towns or emigrated. It is estimated that 70% of surnames in Norway are based on oeconyms.
388:) are based on various factors associated with a property: local geography (hills, etc.), land use, vegetation, animals, characteristic activity, folk religion, and owners' nicknames. Such names in Norway were collected in the 19-volume collection
272:
126:
of a house or any other residential building, and in the broader sense, the term also refers to the proper name of any inhabited settlement, like village, town or city. Within the
857:
Proceedings of the XIXth
International Congress of Onomastic Sciences, Aberdeen, August 4–11, 1996: Scope, Perspectives and Methods of Onomastics
323:'There are three farms in that district, all called Mörk. At the middle farm lived a man named Björn , known as Björn the White.' (chapter 148)
590:
582:(literally, 'Voranc from the Prežih farm'). Slovene oeconyms often appear on gravestones as plural denominal adjectives (e.g.,
895:
Kruse, Arne. 1996. Scandinavian-American Place-Names as Viewed from the Old World. In: P. Sture
Ureland et al. (eds.),
829:
Kvarad, Guðrún. 2005. Social
Stratification in the Present-Day Nordic Languages IV: Icelandic. In: Oscar Bandle (ed.),
601:
965:
554:'immigrant returned from the United States'). The properties are generally referred to with a locative phrase (e.g.,
64:
321:Þar eru þrír bæir er í Mörk heita allir. Á miðbænum bjó sá maður er Björn hét og var kallaður Björn hvíti.
977:"The Terminology of Name Studies (In Margine of Adrian Room's Guide to the Language. of Name Studies)"
37:
642:
Gornostay, Tatiana, & Inguna Skadiņa. 2009. Pattern-Based
English-Latvian Toponym Translation.
311:
Explicit reference is made to oeconyms (and their lack of correspondence with residents' names) in
46:
522:'ramsons') associated with a property; on activities traditionally associated with a property (
288:
203:
188:
183:
155:
135:
855:
Sigmundsson, Svavar. 1998. Icelandic and
Scottish Place-Names. In: W. F. H. Nicolaisen (ed.),
246:
934:
198:) is used to refer specifically to a building as an inhabited place. Compare also the term
140:
8:
1041:
160:
419:
381:
1036:
961:
390:
317:, a 13th-century Icelandic work describing events between 960 and 1020. For example:
32:
631:
988:
976:
586:'the ones from the Gaber farm'), sometimes without the surname being given at all.
499:
457:
1013:
558:'at the Gaber farm'), and the residents are referred to with the base noun (e.g.,
955:
530:'Annie'). They may also refer to roles (formerly) played in the community (e.g.,
276:
283:) were often adopted as surnames. Surnames with such origins are most common in
655:
Zgusta, Ladislav. 1996. Names and Their Study. In: Ernst
Eichler et al. (eds.)
644:
Proceedings of the 17th Nordic
Conference on Computational Linguistics NODALIDA
299:
206:). Lay terms referring to the proper name of a house or other building include
93:
992:
805:
356:
1030:
794:
The Family Tree German Genealogy Guide: How to Trace Your Germanic Ancestry.
313:
222:
actual surname or whether they recently purchased or moved to the property.
473:
447:
284:
127:
657:
Namenforschung: ein internationales Handbuch zur Onomastik / Name Studies,
574:'Marija from the Gaber farm'). A well-known Slovene example is the writer
394:, published between 1897 and 1924. Typical suffixes on such names include
575:
123:
526:'planting'); or on the name or nickname of the original property owner (
234:
646:, May 14–16, 2009, Odense, Denmark, NEALT Proceedings Series, 4: 41–47.
566:'the woman from the Gaber farm'), or a preceding denominal adjective (
868:
844:
Scandinavia and Europe 800–1350: Contact, Conflict, and Coexistence
484:
365:
119:
859:, vol. 1. pp. 330–342. Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen, p. 330.
130:
classification, main types of oeconyms (econyms, oikonyms) are:
480:
465:
193:
165:
145:
42:
unclear definition and provide only narrow sense of examples.
1018:
659:
vol. 2, pp. 1876–1890. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, p. 1887.
737:
Alone Together: A History of New York's Early Apartments.
935:
Hamer, Simona. 2015. Lovro Kuhar – Prežihov Voranc. In:
750:
The Circle of Mountains: A Basque Shepherding Community.
679:
677:
1019:
Hišna imena na Gorenjskem (Oeconyms in Upper Carniola)
724:
An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies.
957:
An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies
689:
662:
833:, pp. 1788–1793. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, p. 1793.
701:
674:
550:'rich'), or other noteworthy characteristics (e.g.,
912:. Jesenice: Gornjesavski muzej Jesenice, pp. 52–53.
899:, pp. 255–268. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, pp. 262–263.
613:
348:'bank') form the largest group of such elements.
1028:
886:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, p. 75.
761:Helleland, Botolv, & Kjell Bondevik . 1975.
562:'the man from the Gaber farm'), a derived noun (
842:Adams, Jonathan, & Katherine Holman. 2004.
202:to designate a historical residence (e.g., the
506:) are generally based on microtoponyms (e.g.,
479:A street address and oeconym (in dialect) in
534:'mayor'), the property's physical position (
218:(referring to a non-agricultural property).
939:(program notes). Ljubljana: MGL, pp. 16–19.
910:Metode za zbiranje hišnih in ledinskih imen
806:Icelandic Saga Database: Brennu-Njáls saga.
632:International Council of Onomastic Sciences
113:
107:
101:
960:. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press.
897:Language Contact across the North Atlantic
882:Coleman, Nancy L., & Olav Veka. 2010.
796:Cincinnati, OH: Family Tree Books, p. 101.
591:Slovene field and house names in Carinthia
332:'place', although topographical suffixes (
921:Druškovič, Drago. 1993. Karantanski rod.
739:Ithaca: Cornell University Press, p. 143.
595:
65:Learn how and when to remove this message
752:Reno: University of Nevada Press, p. 43.
636:
355:
298:
923:Srce in oko: obzornik Prešernove družbe
225:
134:(proper names of towns or cities, from
1029:
974:
783:. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga. p. 168.
775:
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771:
718:
716:
707:
683:
953:
695:
668:
619:
229:
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15:
768:
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13:
602:Oikonyms in Western and South Asia
510:'sinkhole'); on names of animals (
456:, a non-farm oeconym in Valbruna (
214:(referring to an entire farm), or
14:
1053:
1007:
77:Name of a house or other building
884:A Handbook of Scandinavian Names
472:
446:
233:
210:(either traditional or modern),
154:(proper names of villages, from
118:, 'name') is a specific type of
20:
1014:Oluf Rygh: Norwegian Farm Names
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862:
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799:
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578:, better known by the pen name
546:'tailor'), personal qualities (
518:'hornbeam'), and other plants (
981:Names: A Journal of Onomastics
649:
625:
1:
606:
418:. After the 1923 naming law (
908:Klinar, Klemen et al. 2012.
846:. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 104.
781:Slovenski etnološki leksikon
735:Cromley, Elizabeth C. 1990.
726:Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
570:'Jože from the Gaber farm',
542:'old school'), professions (
351:
294:
194:
166:
146:
7:
303:A road sign with oeconyms (
114:
102:
40:. The specific problem is:
10:
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434:traditional family seats.
187:
159:
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993:10.1179/nam.1998.46.3.189
975:Zgusta, Ladislav (1998).
765:. Oslo: Grøndahl, p. 157.
763:Norske stedsnavn/stadnamn
265:
108:
97:
792:Beidler, James M. 2014.
360:A Norwegian first name (
106:, 'house, dwelling' and
596:Western and South Asia
503:
461:
423:
385:
377:
325:
308:
289:North Rhine-Westphalia
280:
204:Daniel Boone Homestead
954:Room, Adrian (1996).
870:Store Norske Leksikon
816:Jesch, Judith. 2015.
359:
319:
302:
987:(27–7738): 189–203.
872:: Norske Gaardnavne.
831:The Nordic Languages
820:. London: Routledge.
779:Baš, Angelos. 2004.
722:Room, Adrian. 1996.
380:Norwegian oeconyms (
226:Examples of oeconyms
47:improve this section
36:to meet Knowledge's
818:The Viking Diaspora
748:Ott, Sandra. 1981.
305:Lýsuhóll, Lýsudalur
178:Sometimes the term
498:Slovene oeconyms (
378:
309:
245:. You can help by
122:that designates a
925:45: 27–35, p. 28.
698:, p. 25, 35.
671:, p. 13, 35.
538:'upper') or age (
424:Lov om personnavn
391:Norske Gaardnavne
270:German oeconyms (
263:
262:
174:Other terminology
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38:quality standards
29:This section may
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514:'ram'), trees (
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996:. Retrieved
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544:pri Žnidarju
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536:pri Zgornjih
535:
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524:pri Sadjarju
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400:-gaard/-gård
399:
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345:
341:
340:'headland',
337:
333:
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307:) in Iceland
304:
285:Lower Saxony
269:
251:
247:adding to it
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128:toponomastic
89:
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45:Please help
41:
30:
998:30 December
576:Lovro Kuhar
568:Gabrov Jože
124:proper name
49:if you can.
1042:Onomastics
1031:Categories
607:References
600:See also:
589:See also:
548:pri Bogatu
540:Stara šola
508:pri Vrtaču
428:Navneloven
336:'valley',
314:Njáls saga
254:April 2016
208:house name
180:ecodomonym
696:Room 1996
669:Room 1996
620:Room 1996
556:pri Gabru
532:pri Španu
528:pri Ančki
516:pri Gabru
504:hišno ime
462:Ovčja vas
420:Norwegian
412:-rud/-rød
404:-heim/-um
386:gårdsnavn
382:Norwegian
370:Olsdatter
352:Norwegian
295:Icelandic
273:‹See Tfd›
212:farm name
200:mansionym
132:astionyms
1037:Toponymy
564:Gabrovka
512:pri Ovnu
485:Slovenia
374:Nergaard
366:patronym
362:Gjertrud
344:'hill',
152:comonyms
31:require
948:Sources
584:Gabrovi
500:Slovene
458:Slovene
438:Slovene
330:-staðir
281:Hofname
150:), and
120:toponym
90:oikonym
84:, also
82:oeconym
33:cleanup
964:
454:Farouž
414:, and
277:German
266:German
182:(from
92:(from
86:econym
560:Gaber
481:Zasip
466:Italy
408:-land
346:-eyrr
342:-fell
334:-dalr
195:domos
189:δόμος
147:hastŭ
115:ónuma
109:ὄνυμα
103:oîkos
98:οἶκος
94:Greek
88:, or
1000:2023
962:ISBN
416:-set
338:-nes
287:and
167:kōmē
161:κώμη
141:ἄστῠ
989:doi
464:),
426:or
396:-bø
249:.
170:).
80:An
1033::
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983:.
979:.
770:^
715:^
676:^
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