762:
1423:
4409:
1514:
1780:'s estimated net worth of $ 1 billion in the 1930s grew to $ 8.5 billion by 2000—that is, not adjusted for inflation. In 60 years, four of the richest families in the United States increased their combined $ 2–4 billion in 1937 to $ 38 billion without holding large shares in emerging industries. When adjusted for inflation, the actual dollar wealth of many of these families has shrunk since the '30s.
784:, William II, and their uncle John I. John II was the most successful at establishing the family name into prominent society, advancing into the Virginia ruling class by serving as a sheriff, justice of the peace, surveyor, coroner, militia officer, member of the House of Burgess, and Councillor. John II also built a large mansion that he called Arlington. His descendants included his son
2159:
The names of fashionable families who were already
Episcopalian, like the Morgans, or those, like the Fricks, who now became so, goes on interminably: Aldrich, Astor, Biddle, Booth, Brown, Du Pont, Firestone, Ford, Gardner, Mellon, Morgan, Procter, the Vanderbilt, Whitney. Episcopalian branches of
1787:'s perspective, "old money" can be classified into two: active "old money" and passive "old money". The former includes inheritors who, despite the inherited wealth at their disposal or that which they can access in the future, choose to pursue their own career or set up their own businesses.
717:. Although a noted Loyalist during the American Revolutionary War (during which two brothers served in British forces), he considered himself a Virginian and two of his descendants of the same name also served in the Virginia General Assembly following the conflict.
111:, the upper class in the United States during the 1930s was divided into the upper-upper and the lower-upper classes. The lower-upper were those who did not come from traditionally wealthy families. They earned their money from investments and business, rather than
1410:. While the foundation of their wealth was agricultural slave plantations, they exemplified gentry entrepreneurship by diversifying and vertically integrating; first shipbuilding to move the agricultural produce, then producing iron, smelting, at their furnaces
292:
In the early 20th century, the upper-upper class were seen as more prestigious than the nouveau riche even if the nouveau riche had more wealth. During the late 19th century and early 20th century, the nouveau rich flaunted their wealth by building
87:
because it can pass from generation to generation, ensuring that a family's offspring will remain financially stable. Families with "old money" use accumulated assets or savings to bridge interruptions in income, thus guarding against downward
2503:
John
Marshall; life, character and judicial services as portrayed in the centenary and memorial addresses and proceedings throughout the United States on Marshall day, 1901, and in the classic orations of Binney, Story, Phelps, Waite and
1744:
of
Pennsylvania made their fortune in the iron business. They have been prominent in academia, business, and American politics. Descendants include successful entrepreneurs, governors, congressmen, university presidents, and university
902:
and later governor of
Virginia. This branch of the Harrison family produced President William Henry Harrison, Benjamin V's son, and President Benjamin Harrison, William Henry's grandson, as well as another Virginia governor,
1528:
who first amassed a fortune as brewers, land owners, and high governmental officials in the old country in the mid-16th
Century. Migrating to North America in the mid-17th Century they continued to become prominent smiths,
2311:
pp. 526–527; J. W. Klise stated that Byrd began his legal education with his uncle. J. W. Klise, ed., State
Centennial History of Highland County, 1902; 1902. Reprint. Owensboro, KY: Cook & McDowell, 1980, p.
1830:. Throughout the 19th century, they controlled the largest fortune in the world, in today's terms many hundreds of billions. The family has, at least to some extent, maintained its wealth for over two centuries.
236:
had also cut wide swaths of destruction through portions of
Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia. They destroyed crops, killed or confiscated livestock, burned barns and gristmills, and in some cases torched
811:
of
Massachusetts and New York is descended from Philippe de Lannoy, who was born in 1602 to parents of French and Dutch descent. In the United States, members of the Delano family include U.S. presidents
269:. African American freedmen were working as sharecroppers on the same land which they had worked as slaves before the war. Despite the fact that their circumstances were greatly reduced, the enactment of
919:, Rev. Thomas Harrison, who was kindred to the James River Harrisons, but by 1650 had returned to England. President Abraham Lincoln descended from the Shenandoah Valley Harrisons, as did entertainer
898:; they are often referred to as the James River Harrisons. Successive generations of this branch served in the legislature of the Colony of Virginia, including Benjamin V, who was a signatory of the
2306:
A History of Adams County, Ohio: From Its
Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Including Character Sketches of the Prominent Persons Identified with the First Century of the Country's Growth ...
843:
of
Connecticut made their fortune in shipping, banking, railroads, and industry. They have been prominent in American politics, producing five governors and numerous senators and congressmen.
1849:- who traditionally live off the land inherited paternally. The British concept is analogous to good lineage and it is not uncommon to find someone with "old money" who is actually poor or
1776:
richest Americans as their ancestors did, their wealth continues to grow. Many families increased their holdings by investment strategies such as the pooling of resources. For example, the
1088:. He arrived in Virginia sometime between 1669 and 1673 and married Mary Isham a few years later. Randolph's descendants have included many prominent Americans, including U.S. President
907:. The family also includes two Chicago mayors and members of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. The other branch of the Virginia Harrisons emigrated from Britain to
362:. He expanded his holdings to approximately 179,000-acre (720 km) and founded the City of Richmond. Although much of the family's wealth was squandered during the 18th century by
1621:
of Boston made their fortune in the shipping and later railroad industries as well as other investments. They have been a prominent wealthy family in the United States for 200 years.
757:, a member of the Governor's Council, he was likewise a Loyalist during the American Revolutionary War (during which two brothers served in British forces), but remained in Virginia.
1084:
who accumulated a vast fortune including over 20,000 acres (81 km2) of land as a planter and merchant, and played an important role in the history and government of the English
1367:
967:
1678:, the DuPont family produced virtually all American gunpowder. In 1968, Ferdinand Lundberg declared the Du Pont fortune to be America's largest family fortune. As of 2008
4867:
2578:
4832:
2969:
Farnum, Richard. "Prestige in the Ivy League: Democratization and discrimination at Penn and Columbia, 1890–1970." in Paul W. Kingston and Lionel S. Lewis, eds.
1853:. By 2001, however, those belonging to this category—the aristocratic landowners—are still part of the wealthiest list in the United Kingdom. For instance, the
886:. The Virginia Harrison family consists primarily of two branches with origins in northern England. One branch, led by Benjamin Harrison I, journeyed by way of
1445:. Members of this family played a critical role in the formation of the United States and served as leaders in business, politics, and society. Beginning with
254:
3485:
1585:
4872:
4827:
2449:
383:
5034:
4837:
2048:"Old Money" The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. 5 November 2008. Dictionary.com
2115:
1588:. Later generations include industrialists, hoteliers, inventors, professional athletes, and writers, and share bloodlines with George Washington,
1278:
563:
4895:
4847:
1752:
is an American family notable for their business enterprises, social prominence, wealth and philanthropy, founded by John Whitney, who came from
480:
4905:
4822:
733:. A controversial widow in her own time in part for her refusal to marry her paramour (with whom she had children) or conversion from the
201:. These planter class families were often related to each other through intermarriage for more than 300 years, and are sometimes known as
5029:
4213:
4088:
2410:
Emory G. Evans, " Corbin, Richard (1713 or 1714-20 May 1790)" in Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 3, pp. 466-468 also available at
1142:
as colonists in the 17th century and later became prominent in business and politics. Two distantly related branches of the family, from
4098:
2062:
4920:
4852:
4356:
899:
4890:
3254:
487:. He served in the United States Senate from 1893 to 1924 and is best known for his positions on foreign policy.At the age of 21,
4925:
4205:
4143:
2172:
Davidson, James D.; Pyle, Ralph E.; Reyes, David V. (1995). "Persistence and Change in the Protestant Establishment, 1930–1992".
1395:
871:
210:
2959:
Davis, Donald F. "The Price of Conspicious [sic] Production: The Detroit Elite and the Automobile Industry, 1900–1933."
915:
of Virginia 50 years later; they were led by Isaiah Harrison. This branch most likely descended from an interim chaplain of the
4915:
4910:
4842:
4185:
3516:
3162:
2612:
1234:
1006:
551:
66:
in societies that historically lack an officially established aristocratic class (such as the United States), in contrast with
57:
of the rich who have been able to maintain their wealth over multiple generations, often referring to perceived members of the
832:. Delano family forebears include the Pilgrims who chartered the Mayflower, seven of its passengers, and three signers of the
149:, whose riches were acquired in their own generation, the upper-upper class were families viewed as "quasi-aristocratic" and "
4180:
3099:
1194:
1112:
863:
206:
198:
1644:, the family-controlled most of the lumber in the United States. The Hartwick's philanthropic works include the founding of
1545:(knightly estate) in the County of Zeeland. The first members were granted a warrant as sole suppliers of arms and armor to
5151:
4817:
4794:
4190:
2841:
European Aristocracies and Colonial Elites: Patrimonial Management Strategies and Economic Development, 15th–18th Centuries
955:
4223:
1731:(1899–1968), as well as other major firms. The family bank merged with the Bank of New York and continues today as
780:
dates back to the mid-seventeenth century, four members of the Custis family immigrated to the colony of Virginia: Anne,
562:"King" due to his great wealth, political power, and autocratic business methods. His many notable descendants include:
4371:
4351:
4330:
2074:
1375:
983:
774:
4900:
4544:
4335:
4218:
4061:
3121:
3008:
2922:
2797:
2772:
2747:
2686:
2658:
2628:
2512:
2287:
2152:
1728:
1506:
1446:
351:
1614:
made their fortune in the 18th century, through fur trading, real estate, the hotel industry, and other investments.
986:
began the fortune in shipping and later textiles. The family has produced several noteworthy individuals, including
4809:
4445:
4083:
3014:
Ghent, Jocelyn Maynard, and Frederic Cople Jaher. "The Chicago Business Elite: 1830–1930. A Collective Biography."
2008:
1885:
1765:
1302:
1186:
998:
661:
court in 1657. Lancaster County voters in both 1659 and 1660 elected Corbin as one of their representatives in the
399:
637:
was an emigrant from England who became a tobacco planter in the Virginia colony and served in both houses of the
5091:
4628:
1190:
746:
603:
4505:
4073:
2989:
2866:
2714:
2247:
1290:
714:
654:
575:
507:
409:
that dominated Virginia politics for most of the 20th century. Byrd was succeeded in the US Senate by his son
5176:
4366:
4138:
4133:
3617:
2411:
2372:
2018:
1983:
1206:
1013:
951:
355:
250:
154:
50:
4789:
4763:
4674:
4361:
4195:
4160:
4111:
3835:
2028:
1795:
did this. On the other hand, passive "old money" are the idle rich or those who are not wealth producers.
1573:
1565:
1546:
2358:
2279:
Virginia in the Vanguard: Political Leadership in the 400-year-old Cradle of American Democracy, 1981–2006
4799:
4784:
4771:
4315:
4305:
4172:
3380:
3057:
1226:
1143:
1069:
971:
963:
847:
765:
George and Martha Washington with their Grandchildren. George Washington Parke Custis, and Eleanor Parke
686:
379:
294:
150:
1822:, as an example, established finance houses across Europe from the 18th century and was ennobled by the
5128:
4932:
4295:
3634:
3155:
3135:
Religion, Art, and Money: Episcopalians and American Culture from the Civil War to the Great Depression
2855:
2145:
Religion, Art, and Money: Episcopalians and American Culture from the Civil War to the Great Depression
1918:
1478:
1371:
1238:
1210:
1073:
855:
777:
706:
698:
658:
650:
646:
630:
531:
523:
323:
225:
20:
2556:{{Bantam Books/Lyle Stuart Publishing; Lundberg, Ferdinand, The rich and the super-rich, 1968, 165‒177
5166:
4779:
4623:
4320:
4260:
2566:
2239:
1884:. In France, out of a nation of 27 million people, only 80,000 to 90,000 were allowed to vote in the
1719:
1649:
959:
813:
781:
638:
1881:
1557:, and were close associates of the Van Rensselaers. Later, one member took the Oath of Secrecy as a
1229:
built the Old House in Old Rappahannock County and married Ann Corbin (1664–1694), daughter of Hon.
4512:
4500:
4265:
4255:
3612:
3424:
3000:
1761:
1502:
1470:
1462:
1434:
1403:
1214:
975:
515:
229:
2535:
1441:
descent that was prominent during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries in the area now known as the
5161:
4857:
4588:
4412:
4310:
4245:
3091:
2947:
The monied metropolis: New York City and the consolidation of the American bourgeoisie, 1850–1896
1569:
1230:
1174:
1100:
634:
591:
367:
301:, while old money was more conservative. American "Old money" families tend to adhere to various
220:(1861–1865), many in the upper-upper class saw their wealth greatly reduced. Their slaves became
3026:
In Pursuit of Privilege: A History of New York City's Upper Class and the Making of a Metropolis
2679:
Business Knowledge for IT in Private Wealth Management: A Complete Handbook for IT Professionals
4974:
4697:
4270:
3899:
3641:
3047:
The Urban Establishment: Upper Strata in Boston, New York, Chicago, Charleston, and Los Angeles
2812:
Alan B. Spitzer, "Restoration Political Theory and the Debate over the Law of the Double Vote"
2336:
1554:
1399:
1391:
1379:
1286:
1282:
987:
924:
875:
670:
626:
is descended from Robert "King" Carter's uncle, Thomas Carter, who settled in Virginia in 1635.
599:
282:
2739:
2387:
1810:. These fall under the category "new money" (those not from traditionally wealthy families).
189:, the source of these families' wealth were vast tracts of land granted to their ancestors by
5105:
4956:
4325:
4300:
4290:
4280:
4275:
4128:
3196:
3148:
2497:
2233:
2210:
1562:
1521:
1430:
1387:
1218:
1198:
1178:
1163:
1128:
1124:
785:
543:
84:
4966:
2731:
2277:
5171:
5013:
5008:
4998:
4712:
4692:
4473:
4438:
4386:
4381:
4285:
4155:
4106:
3500:
3466:
3451:
3287:
3234:
1792:
1538:
1494:
1355:
1120:
932:
829:
587:
488:
414:
391:
298:
124:
16:
Class of the rich, who have been able to maintain their wealth across multiple generations
8:
5083:
4980:
4737:
4667:
4618:
4593:
4495:
4490:
4485:
3770:
3575:
3550:
3530:
3434:
2493:
2434:
2422:
1854:
1710:
1633:
1490:
1151:
867:
793:
674:
619:
468:
444:
347:
302:
158:
116:
63:
3080:
2529:
1418:
and mining their coal fields in Namejoy, Maryland, namely Tayloe's Neck, to build ships.
1362:
and then a prominent political activist in Washington, D.C., having begun his career as
542:
accumulating over 300,000 acres of land and more than 1,000 slaves. As President of the
413:
who served until 1981. The family also produced early Ohio political leader and jurist,
5156:
3927:
3909:
3904:
3892:
3726:
3545:
3525:
3495:
3277:
3249:
3052:
2908:
2191:
2097:
2023:
1993:
1973:
1777:
1741:
1671:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1159:
1093:
1085:
851:
750:
742:
710:
694:
682:
662:
642:
607:
567:
503:
456:
359:
339:
286:
274:
217:
3065:
McConachie, Bruce A. "New York operagoing, 1825–50: creating an elite social ritual."
5076:
5003:
4722:
4662:
4657:
3932:
3850:
3587:
3540:
3478:
3307:
3117:
3095:
3004:
2985:
2918:
2793:
2768:
2743:
2732:
2710:
2682:
2654:
2648:
2624:
2508:
2481:
A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680–1790
2393:
2283:
2253:
2243:
2148:
2070:
1938:
1819:
1784:
1593:
1577:
1550:
1442:
1329:
1258:
1182:
1167:
1051:
936:
912:
904:
879:
833:
801:
797:
734:
718:
571:
539:
519:
511:
492:
472:
410:
406:
402:
371:
39:
2617:
2160:
the Baptist Rockefellers and Jewish Guggenheims even appeared on these family trees.
1666:
fortune began in 1803, but they became an extraordinarily wealthy family by selling
4640:
4478:
4376:
4250:
4150:
3980:
3788:
3678:
3629:
3602:
3355:
3350:
3203:
2454:
2183:
2099:
Social Class in America: A Manual of Procedure for the Measurement of Social Status
2013:
1870:
1838:
1690:
1645:
1474:
1348:
1325:
1222:
1135:
1089:
1077:
1047:
979:
928:
916:
817:
690:
666:
464:
448:
387:
363:
238:
161:(1765–1783), when their ancestors had accumulated fortunes as members of the elite
83:—assets held by an individual or by a household—provides an important dimension of
3077:
Brahmin Capitalism: Frontiers of Wealth and Populism in America's First Gilded Age
2466:
2049:
935:, who was part of the medical team that accomplished the world's first successful
5123:
5039:
4727:
4702:
4431:
4121:
3813:
3624:
3370:
3360:
2644:
2501:
2304:
1998:
1898:
1858:
1842:
1637:
1636:. The Hartwicks have produced several politicians and military generals, such as
1597:
1558:
1383:
1359:
1321:
1274:
1254:
1250:
1155:
1116:
1108:
1043:
883:
840:
825:
821:
547:
527:
476:
452:
421:
375:
343:
233:
202:
140:
132:
108:
89:
1572:. Several served as officers in the militia during the Revolution, including in
741:, she may today be best known for asking that women be given the right to vote.
431:
arrived in Salem from the Isle of Jersey in 1700 and made fortunes in shipping.
4078:
4022:
3861:
3818:
3746:
3490:
3461:
3386:
3340:
3282:
3239:
3113:
2914:
2887:
Women, Rank, and Marriage in the British Aristocracy, 1485–2000: An Open Elite?
2702:
2458:
1948:
1913:
1834:
1827:
1749:
1663:
1625:
1525:
1486:
1466:
1340:
1317:
1242:
1062:
1031:
754:
702:
678:
615:
579:
327:
246:
3129:
The forging of an aristocracy: Harvard & the Boston upper class, 1800-1870
3040:
The Rich, the Well Born, and the Powerful: Elites and Upper Classes in History
5145:
5097:
5062:
4707:
4558:
3919:
3716:
3505:
3375:
3365:
3323:
3297:
3292:
3229:
3189:
2174:
2003:
1968:
1953:
1928:
1874:
1846:
1800:
1698:
1694:
1686:
1618:
1537:, present day Albany, New York, through the American Revolution. The city of
1298:
1297:. His sons, all scions of the tidewater gentry, their mother the daughter of
1266:
1262:
1104:
1096:
1039:
1027:
1016:
943:
920:
895:
808:
693:, son of the Burgess was a Virginia planter and politician who served in the
595:
555:
484:
440:
436:
310:
306:
270:
266:
162:
145:
136:
2257:
1705:'s largest fortunes. They became principal investors and majority owners of
761:
4990:
4732:
4578:
3952:
3879:
3658:
3648:
3567:
3317:
3224:
3174:
2852:
Good families of Barcelona: A social history of power in the industrial era
2397:
2263:
1943:
1788:
1611:
1581:
1482:
1438:
1422:
1363:
1333:
1055:
623:
432:
428:
418:
285:
to regain their political prominence, if not their great wealth, following
278:
258:
54:
2412:
https://ehttps://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/dvb/bio.asp?b=Corbin_Richard/
2187:
53:)" or "a person, family, or lineage possessing inherited wealth". It is a
5056:
4717:
4647:
4613:
4583:
4553:
4116:
3947:
3937:
3887:
3869:
3780:
3741:
3535:
3446:
3429:
2709:. Vol. 1 (First ed.). New York: Penguin Books. p. 481‒85.
2116:"The Episcopalians: An American Elite With Roots Going Back to Jamestown"
1908:
1903:
1772:
Although many "old money" individuals do not rank as high on the list of
1675:
1641:
1313:
1270:
1147:
1139:
1035:
1023:
1009:
947:
908:
891:
804:. Making his step grandchildren and wife America's First Inaugural Family
789:
335:
112:
96:
42:
32:
3033:
The Iron Barons: A Social Analysis of an American Urban Elite, 1874–1965
1131:
as well as many other notable individuals in Virginia and U.S. politics.
330:
who received a 1,200-acre (4.9 km) grant on 27 October 1673 at the
4742:
4532:
3962:
3302:
3070:
3019:
2964:
2817:
2195:
1850:
1773:
1732:
1702:
1589:
1534:
1524:(eventually simplified and Anglicized to Van Every and Van Avery) were
1513:
1344:
1310:
1294:
1158:, rose to global political prominence with the elections of Presidents
1020:
726:
262:
170:
1861:, owns large swaths of properties in London that include 200 acres of
4961:
4652:
4537:
4527:
4522:
4008:
4003:
3970:
3942:
3830:
3761:
3736:
3683:
3597:
3312:
3244:
2981:
2844:
1958:
1862:
1682:
ranked 81st on the Fortune 500 list of the largest U.S. corporations.
1667:
1530:
1458:
1306:
1002:
583:
499:
395:
331:
194:
190:
186:
174:
67:
2873:
The vertical mosaic: An analysis of social class and power in Canada
4017:
3989:
3975:
3842:
3808:
3766:
3751:
3711:
3456:
1963:
1823:
1806:
1706:
1081:
859:
738:
730:
722:
535:
221:
182:
178:
166:
59:
2971:
The high-status track: Studies of elite schools and stratification
2931:
Allen, Irving Lewis. "WASP—From Sociological Concept to Epithet",
2567:
https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2008/full_list/
2507:. Vol. I. Chicago: Callaghan & Company. pp. liv–lv.
19:
This article is about the socioeconomic term. For other uses, see
4635:
4423:
4013:
3998:
3994:
3756:
3706:
3698:
3688:
3592:
3580:
3439:
3335:
3329:
2734:
Through Alien Eyes: A View of America and Intercultural Marriages
2392:. Vol. 1. Lewis historical publishing Company. p. 128.
1978:
1866:
1757:
1724:
1629:
1498:
1450:
1337:
1202:
1059:
991:
887:
559:
443:
in the U.S. Senate and was the presiding officer of the infamous
242:
120:
5069:
4684:
4455:
3985:
3798:
3731:
3671:
3666:
3473:
3140:
1988:
1923:
1753:
1679:
1246:
460:
79:
46:
35:
3110:
Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of the American Rich
2619:
Wealth and democracy: a political history of the American rich
2373:"Henry Corbyn (1628 or 1629–ca. 1676) – Encyclopedia Virginia"
968:
United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
157:
for generations. In many cases, their prominence predated the
4517:
3793:
3721:
3272:
2954:
Bobos in paradise: The new upper class and how they got there
2790:
The Grand Delusion: Britain After Sixty Years of Elizabeth II
1714:
1454:
611:
128:
2997:
Ruling America: A History of Wealth and Power in a Democracy
1253:
took over the moniker of Wealthiest Man/Family in Virginia.
3803:
3345:
2834:
Aristocracy in Antiquity: Redefining Greek and Roman Elites
2676:
2534:(Now in the public domain. ed.). Lippincott. pp.
2235:
Richmond: The Story of a City: Revised and Expanded Edition
2069:. Blackwell Reference Online. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
143:, who was the son of a Scottish weaver. In contrast to the
2437:, Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography (1915), vol. 1 p. 218
2060:
923:. This branch of the family also included the founders of
70:
whose wealth has been acquired within its own generation.
2650:
The Super-Rich: The Unjust New World of Global Capitalism
1217:
who first held elected office in 1647 as High Sheriff of
2425:, Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography, vol. 1 pp. 158-159
657:. The governor and council made Corbin a justice of the
554:
from 1726 to 1727 after the death in office of Governor
538:
in Virginia and became one of the wealthiest men in the
2940:
Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a New Upper Class
2863:
Grand Fortunes. Dynasties and Forms of Wealth in France
99:
whose wealth separates them from lower social classes.
2579:"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Google News Archive Search"
2302:
858:, of Virginia is an American political family, of the
745:
was a Virginia planter and politician who represented
705:
was a Virginia planter and politician who represented
495:, the largest producer of carbon black in the country.
435:
was an American merchant, seaman, and politician from
255:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1632:
descent, and their ancestry and fortune predates the
978:
was an American lawyer and influential member of the
618:
administration, and civil engineer and industrialist
153:". These families had been rich and prominent in the
2707:
The House of Rothschild: Money's Prophets: 1798-1848
2325:, Vol. I, p. 40. Richmond and Toledo: H.H. Hardesty.
2978:
High Society – The History of America's Upper Class
2681:. London: Essvale Corporation Limited. p. 45.
2385:
2147:. University of North Carolina Press. p. 176.
1888:and the richest one-quarter of them had two votes.
982:in the early days of the United States of America.
788:and grandson John IV, who was born in August 1678.
665:, alongside the county's largest plantation owner,
5035:Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor
2839:Janssens, Paul, and Bartolomé Yun-Casalilla, eds.
2616:
2565:Fortune 500 2008: Fortune 1000 1–100, 2008-05-05,
2096:
1386:, served as a diplomat having begun his career as
139:, who was the son of a Presbyterian minister; and
2275:
2171:
2061:Scholz, Claudia W.; Juanita M. Firestone (2007).
1873:, who is the owner of 100 acres of land north of
1461:who was one of the founders and directors of the
972:United States Circuit Court for the First Circuit
673:was prominent in political affairs. His daughter
366:through gambling and bad investments, descendant
5143:
2107:
1689:made their fortune in the banking business. The
633:, of Middlesex County, Virginia, beginning with
459:was an American philosopher and author, born in
398:until his retirement in 1965. Byrd controlled a
4833:Largest financial services companies by revenue
2303:Evans, Nelson Wiley; Emmons B. Stivers (1900).
2050:http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/oldmoney
1837:, the term generally exclusively refers to the
1764:in 1635. The Whitney family are members of the
1580:from 1775-1780, including the bitter winter at
1042:, allied through marriage with the Manner's of
1541:, is likely named after the family's original
1320:, allied through marriage with the Manners of
1221:. He married Elizabeth Kingsmill, daughter of
890:to Virginia before 1633 and settled along the
800:'s first husband, Martha's Second husband was
4828:Largest corporations by market capitalization
4439:
3156:
2910:Old Money: The Mythology of Wealth in America
2521:
2138:
2136:
1465:, being instrumental in the establishment of
1390:'s personal secretary, and was rumored to be
1279:St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square
4060:
3840:
2861:Pincon, Michel, and Monique Pincon-Charlot.
2453:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2242:: University Press of Virginia. p. 19.
1509:, and his first wife, Hillegonda van Bylaer.
5030:The rich get richer and the poor get poorer
2607:
2605:
2296:
2142:
2114:Ayres Jr., B. Drummond (19 December 2011).
582:, a signer of Declaration of Independence,
281:allowed many planter class families in the
4838:Largest manufacturing companies by revenue
4446:
4432:
3163:
3149:
2359:"The Nation: Magnus Carter: Jimmy's Roots"
2133:
483:politician, historian, and statesman from
3085:
2527:
2447:Sankey, Margaret D. "Randolph, William".
2113:
1366:'s personal secretary during his time as
970:and a United States circuit judge of the
370:became wealthy as an apple grower in the
4048:
2738:. New York: Algora Publishing. pp.
2701:
2611:
2602:
2090:
2088:
2086:
1512:
1421:
760:
4848:Largest technology companies by revenue
2906:
2787:
2643:
2637:
2450:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2282:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 7.
1533:, and land owners from the founding of
653:on Virginia's Middle Neck, then on the
350:who inherited the land was an American
5144:
4916:Income inequality in the United States
4911:Wealth inequality in the United States
2832:Fisher, Nick, and Hans Van Wees, eds.
2729:
2492:
2486:
2231:
2094:
471:was an American architect and artist.
4843:Largest software companies by revenue
4427:
4047:
3404:
3144:
3060:: A Study in the Power of Money Today
2995:Fraser, Steve and Gary Gerstle, eds.
2762:
2672:
2670:
2379:
2083:
1656:
1568:and as a Senator in the newly-formed
1481:. His estate remained throughout the
1113:President of the Continental Congress
946:are descended from Boston colonists.
862:, whose direct descendants include a
685:, while another daughter Ann married
534:, who was a planter, businessman and
207:Founding Fathers of the United States
4823:Largest corporate profits and losses
2792:. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 258.
2765:Class, Culture and the Agrarian Myth
2677:Essvale Corporation Limited (2008).
2531:Historic Virginia homes and churches
2528:Lancaster, Robert Alexander (1915).
2440:
1680:E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
1368:Ambassador to the Court of St. James
1166:(1933–1945), whose wife, First Lady
956:Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture
598:, Confederate Army first lieutenant
453:early-nineteenth-century China Trade
338:that would later become the site of
95:"Old money" applies to those of the
4896:Countries by number of billionaires
3137:(2016), especially in New York City
2067:Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology
1522:Van Everinghe van Watervliet family
1493:as a legal entity until the 1840s.
451:was an American businessman in the
313:are the most prevalent among them.
73:
13:
4453:
3406:
3405:
2900:
2894:An open elite?: England, 1540–1880
2826:
2667:
2446:
2389:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography
2334:
1697:. Under the direction of his son,
1517:Arms of the Van Watervliet family.
1426:Arms of the Van Rensselaer family.
753:. The son of the powerful planter
14:
5188:
4545:Primitive accumulation of capital
2386:Lyon Gardiner Tyler, ed. (1915).
2208:
2202:
1624:The Hartwick family is of mainly
1447:Kiliaen van Rensselaer (merchant)
1257:lent his home in Washington, DC,
1162:(1901–1909) and his fifth cousin
610:, who served as US ambassador to
606:, the 13th Governor of Virginia,
394:in 1925, and later served in the
378:newspaper. He was elected to the
316:
4891:Cities by number of billionaires
4408:
4407:
3170:
1886:1820 French legislative election
1880:Many countries had wealth-based
1604:
1398:before this untimely death, and
1237:) Corbin, of "Buckingham House"
526:, of Virginia is descended from
491:(see Lowells below) founded the
249:tactics, designed to starve the
102:
5092:The Theory of the Leisure Class
4967:Acquired situational narcissism
2806:
2781:
2756:
2723:
2695:
2589:
2571:
2559:
2550:
2473:
2428:
2416:
2404:
2365:
2351:
2328:
2315:
1798:"Old money" contrasts with the
911:in 1687 and moved south to the
241:and even entire cities such as
211:presidents of the United States
177:. In many cases, especially in
119:, whose father was a traveling
4906:Countries by wealth inequality
4506:History of economic inequality
4049:
2767:. Leiden: Brill. p. 240.
2269:
2225:
2165:
2095:Warner, William Lloyd (1960).
2054:
2042:
1701:the family amassed one of the
1225:proprietor Richard Kingsmill.
1138:of Manhattan arrived from the
1:
2321:Brock, Robert Alonzo (1888).
2035:
2019:The Four Hundred (Gilded Age)
1984:Patrician (post-Roman Europe)
1720:The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
1343:. John Tayloe IV served as a
952:Congress of the Confederation
322:The Byrd Family of Virginia,
297:that emulated the palaces of
251:Confederate States of America
155:politics of the United States
4873:Number of billionaire alumni
4818:Largest companies by revenue
3086:Ostrander, Susan A. (1986).
3079:(Harvard UP, 2017); 304 pp.
2623:. New York: Broadway Books.
2467:UK public library membership
2337:"Robert Burwell (1720–1777)"
2029:White Anglo-Saxon Protestant
2009:Status–income disequilibrium
1869:. There is also the case of
1561:, served as Chairman of the
1332:, the premiere peerage, the
1269:after the British burnt the
1119:, who served as the seventh
1054:, the premiere peerage, the
964:United States district judge
107:According to anthropologist
7:
5152:High society (social class)
3058:The Rich and the Super-Rich
3038:Jaher, Frederic Cople, ed.
2907:Aldrich, Nelson W. (1996).
2599:(2006) ISBN 0-679-45032-7.
2143:W. Williams, Peter (2016).
1891:
1576:, and one served alongside
1566:Committee of Correspondence
1245:built Mount Airy, imported
1227:William Tayloe (the nephew)
900:Declaration of Independence
725:advocate and member of the
715:Virginia Governor's Council
687:William Tayloe (the nephew)
586:a Virginia delegate to the
576:Virginia Governor's Council
566:, a member of the Virginia
386:from 1908 to 1914. His son
380:Virginia House of Delegates
253:into submission. After the
10:
5193:
3255:Weberian (three-component)
3042:(1973), essays by scholars
2856:Princeton University Press
2276:Frank B. Atkinson (2006).
2232:Dabney, Virginius (1990).
2211:"William Byrd (1728–1777)"
2065:. In George Ritzer (ed.).
1919:First Families of Virginia
1372:Benjamin Ogle Tayloe House
894:where they became wealthy
699:Middlesex County, Virginia
127:, whose father operated a
21:Old money (disambiguation)
18:
5119:
5048:
5022:
4989:
4952:
4945:
4901:Countries by total wealth
4883:
4808:
4780:List of centibillionaires
4762:
4755:
4683:
4624:High-net-worth individual
4606:
4469:
4462:
4403:
4344:
4236:
4204:
4171:
4097:
4069:
4056:
4043:
3961:
3918:
3878:
3860:
3779:
3697:
3657:
3566:
3559:
3514:
3417:
3413:
3400:
3263:
3217:
3213:
3184:
3028:(2016). Covers 1760–1970.
2961:Journal of Social History
2814:Journal of Modern History
2788:Haseler, Stephen (2012).
2240:Charlottesville, Virginia
1813:
1650:Hartwick Pines State Park
1574:Van Rensselaer's Regiment
1396:Secretary of the Treasury
1249:, and after the death of
960:Articles of Confederation
814:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
639:Virginia General Assembly
4513:International inequality
4501:Consumption distribution
4377:Pre-industrial East Asia
3088:Women of the Upper Class
3045:Jaher, Frederick Cople.
3001:Harvard University Press
2880:The Japanese power elite
2597:Mellon: An American Life
1793:Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou
1762:Watertown, Massachusetts
1693:was founded in 1869 by
1586:Crossing of the Delaware
1505:, was the eldest son of
1503:Manor of Rensselaerswyck
1471:Manor of Rensselaerswyck
1463:Dutch West India Company
1435:Manor of Rensselaerswyck
1404:Fair Grounds Race Course
1215:William Tayloe (planter)
860:Commonwealth of Virginia
230:William Tecumseh Sherman
205:. They produced several
4589:Conspicuous consumption
3425:Administrative detainee
3092:Temple University Press
3016:Business History Review
2339:. Encyclopedia Virginia
2323:Virginia and Virginians
2213:. Encyclopedia Virginia
1170:, was Theodore's niece.
798:Martha Dandridge Custis
649:before the creation of
592:Confederate States Army
368:Richard Evelyn Byrd Sr.
4975:Argumentum ad crumenam
3841:
3127:Story, Ronald. (1980)
3018:50.3 (1976): 288–328.
2816:55#1 (1983) pp. 54–70
2730:Popova, Elena (2008).
2653:. Palgrave Macmillan.
2459:10.1093/ref:odnb/23125
1882:restrictions on voting
1833:On the other hand, in
1785:private wealth manager
1518:
1507:Kiliaen van Rensselaer
1473:in what is now mainly
1427:
1400:Henry Augustine Tayloe
1392:William Henry Harrison
1380:Edward Thornton Tayloe
1287:Charles Carnan Ridgely
1283:Washington Jockey Club
988:Abbott Lawrence Lowell
950:was a delegate to the
876:William Henry Harrison
866:of the United States,
769:
671:Gawin Corbin (burgess)
600:Robert Randolph Carter
417:, and polar explorer,
382:in 1906 and served as
283:Southern United States
228:forces under Generals
209:and a number of early
5106:The Wealth of Nations
4957:Diseases of affluence
4382:Pre-industrial Europe
2878:Rothacher, Albrecht.
2850:McDonogh, Gary Wray.
1729:New York Shipbuilding
1549:, were active in the
1516:
1489:colonial era and the
1469:. He was granted the
1431:Van Rensselaer family
1425:
1388:Joel Roberts Poinsett
1309:, descended from the
1219:York County, Virginia
1199:Colonial Williamsburg
1164:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1129:U.S. Attorney General
1125:US Secretary of State
1005:, Maryland including
764:
747:King and Queen County
498:The Carter family of
390:was elected the 50th
374:and publisher of the
85:social stratification
5177:Wealth concentration
5014:Venture philanthropy
5009:Philanthrocapitalism
4921:Most expensive items
4795:Wealthiest Americans
4775:list of billionaires
4474:Capital accumulation
4239: or countries
4050:By country or region
3288:Class discrimination
2963:16.1 (1982): 21–46.
2938:Baltzell, E. Digby.
2935:2.2 (1975): 153–162.
2494:Dillon, John Forrest
1539:Watervliet, New York
1495:Johan van Rensselaer
1382:was a member of the
1358:was a member of the
1356:Benjamin Ogle Tayloe
1121:Governor of Virginia
1076:, is descended from
990:, who presided over
984:Francis Cabot Lowell
933:J. Hartwell Harrison
830:Laura Ingalls Wilder
588:Continental Congress
552:Governor of Virginia
528:Robert "King" Carter
489:Godfrey Lowell Cabot
475:was a member of the
415:Charles Willing Byrd
392:Governor of Virginia
326:, is descended from
261:of the slaves, many
125:Cornelius Vanderbilt
5070:Greek god of wealth
4981:Prosperity theology
4800:Wealthiest families
4785:Female billionaires
4619:Captain of industry
4594:Conspicuous leisure
4496:Income distribution
4491:Wealth distribution
4486:Economic inequality
3771:Vanniar (Chieftain)
3133:Williams, Peter W.
3108:Phillips, Kevin P.
3053:Lundberg, Ferdinand
2885:Schutte, Kimberly.
2763:Brass, Tom (2014).
2705:(1 November 1999).
2435:Lyon Gardiner Tyler
2423:Lyon Gardiner Tyler
2188:10.1093/sf/74.1.157
2103:. Harper & Row.
1855:Duke of Westminster
1711:Chevron Corporation
1709:(which merged with
1634:American Revolution
1555:Leisler's Rebellion
1491:American Revolution
1406:with French Creole
1007:Provencial Governor
997:The Ogle Family of
868:Benjamin Harrison V
794:Daniel Parke Custis
683:Machodoc Plantation
675:Laetitia Corbin Lee
629:The Corbin Family,
620:William Nelson Page
469:Edward Clarke Cabot
467:, and Eliza Cabot.
445:Hartford Convention
356:Charles City County
348:Westover Plantation
303:Mainline Protestant
295:Gilded Age mansions
159:American Revolution
117:John D. Rockefeller
115:. Examples include
4933:Wealthiest animals
4352:18th-century Spain
4206:Standard of living
3910:Upper middle class
3905:Lower middle class
3496:Political prisoner
3278:Chattering classes
3250:Spoon class theory
2120:The New York Times
2024:Rentier capitalism
1994:Social environment
1974:Old Philadelphians
1778:Rockefeller family
1727:(since 1912), and
1672:American Civil War
1657:Early National Era
1519:
1428:
1416:Neabsco Iron Works
1412:Bristol Iron Works
1408:Bernard de Marigny
1160:Theodore Roosevelt
1094:U.S. Chief Justice
1086:colony of Virginia
1058:, and the ancient
792:was the father of
770:
751:House of Burgesses
743:John Tayloe Corbin
711:House of Burgesses
695:House of Burgesses
663:House of Burgesses
655:Governor's Council
643:House of Burgesses
622:. U.S. President
608:Thomas Nelson Page
568:House of Burgesses
558:. He acquired the
544:Governor's Council
457:James Elliot Cabot
340:Richmond, Virginia
275:disenfranchisement
265:were converted to
245:. They were using
218:American Civil War
5139:
5138:
5115:
5114:
5004:The Giving Pledge
4941:
4940:
4751:
4750:
4421:
4420:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4232:
4231:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:
3933:Lumpenproletariat
3435:illegal immigrant
3396:
3395:
3308:Classless society
3101:978-0-87722-475-4
3069:(1988): 181–192.
2892:Stone, Lawrence.
2613:Phillips, Kevin P
2595:David Cannadine,
2483:(2009), pp. 18–19
2465:(Subscription or
2361:. 22 August 1977.
1939:Hanseaten (class)
1865:and 100 acres of
1820:Rothschild family
1594:Benjamin Franklin
1578:George Washington
1570:New York Assembly
1551:Albany Convention
1443:state of New York
1437:, is a family of
1259:The Octagon House
1213:, descended from
1183:The Octagon House
1168:Eleanor Roosevelt
1019:descend from the
954:, a judge of the
937:kidney transplant
913:Shenandoah Valley
905:Albertis Harrison
880:Benjamin Harrison
834:Mayflower Compact
802:George Washington
735:Church of England
719:Hannah Lee Corbin
574:, who sat on the
572:Robert Carter III
493:Cabot Corporation
473:Henry Cabot Lodge
439:. He represented
411:Harry F. Byrd Jr.
407:Byrd Organization
403:political machine
372:Shenandoah Valley
360:colonial Virginia
239:plantation houses
169:, slave traders,
5184:
5167:Social divisions
4999:Gospel of Wealth
4950:
4949:
4760:
4759:
4571:
4562:
4479:Overaccumulation
4467:
4466:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4425:
4424:
4411:
4410:
4238:
4139:Mexican-American
4067:
4066:
4058:
4057:
4045:
4044:
3846:
3789:Business magnate
3679:Knowledge worker
3564:
3563:
3452:dual or multiple
3415:
3414:
3402:
3401:
3356:Social exclusion
3351:Social cleansing
3265:
3215:
3214:
3204:Economic classes
3165:
3158:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3105:
3031:Ingham, John N.
2928:
2836:(ISD LLC, 2015).
2820:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2737:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2645:Haseler, Stephen
2641:
2635:
2634:
2622:
2609:
2600:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2490:
2484:
2479:Emory G. Evans,
2477:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2332:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2209:Evans, Emory G.
2206:
2200:
2199:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2092:
2081:
2080:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2014:Symbolic capital
1871:Viscount Portman
1859:Grosvenor estate
1857:, by way of his
1766:Episcopal Church
1646:Hartwick College
1479:Capital District
1376:Lafayette Square
1370:, and built the
1326:Cavendish family
1239:Middlesex County
1223:Virginia Company
1201:, and later the
1136:Roosevelt family
1127:, and the first
1090:Thomas Jefferson
1078:William Randolph
1048:Cavendish family
980:Federalist Party
917:Jamestown Colony
872:U. S. presidents
818:Ulysses S. Grant
721:was an American
707:Middlesex County
691:Gawin Corbin Sr.
667:John Carter, Sr.
659:Lancaster County
651:Middlesex County
647:Lancaster County
550:, he was acting
532:Lancaster County
465:Samuel Cabot Jr.
449:Samuel Cabot Jr.
388:Harry Flood Byrd
364:William Byrd III
354:and author from
299:European royalty
74:Wealth and class
5192:
5191:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5111:
5044:
5040:Too big to fail
5018:
4985:
4937:
4879:
4858:Philanthropists
4804:
4747:
4679:
4602:
4458:
4452:
4422:
4417:
4391:
4340:
4228:
4200:
4167:
4151:Underprivileged
4093:
4052:
4051:
4027:
3957:
3914:
3874:
3856:
3775:
3693:
3653:
3555:
3510:
3409:
3408:
3392:
3371:Social position
3361:Social mobility
3259:
3209:
3180:
3179:
3169:
3102:
3024:Hood, Clifton.
2976:Foulkes, Nick.
2952:Brooks, David.
2945:Beckert, Sven.
2925:
2903:
2829:
2827:Further reading
2824:
2823:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2703:Ferguson, Niall
2700:
2696:
2689:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2610:
2603:
2594:
2590:
2583:news.google.com
2577:
2576:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2491:
2487:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2445:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2384:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2335:Tarter, Brett.
2333:
2329:
2320:
2316:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2274:
2270:
2250:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2207:
2203:
2182:(1): 157–175 .
2170:
2166:
2155:
2141:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2112:
2108:
2093:
2084:
2077:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2033:
1999:Social Register
1899:American gentry
1894:
1841:- that is, the
1816:
1742:Van Leer family
1659:
1638:Edward Hartwick
1607:
1598:Philip Schuyler
1497:was the second
1402:co-founded the
1384:Porcellian Club
1360:Porcellian Club
1275:The War of 1812
1261:, to President
1255:John Tayloe III
1156:Dutchess County
1117:Edmund Randolph
1109:Peyton Randolph
1070:Randolph family
976:John Lowell Jr.
884:Abraham Lincoln
864:Founding Father
841:Griswold Family
826:Alan B. Shepard
822:Calvin Coolidge
786:John Custis III
548:Virginia Colony
477:Porcellian Club
422:Richard E. Byrd
376:Winchester Star
344:William Byrd II
319:
305:denominations;
257:(1865) and the
234:Philip Sheridan
203:American gentry
199:colonial period
193:or acquired by
141:Andrew Carnegie
133:New York Harbor
109:W. Lloyd Warner
105:
90:social mobility
76:
45:families (i.e.
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5190:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5162:Social classes
5159:
5154:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5060:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4953:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4868:Endowment size
4862:
4861:
4860:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4790:Richest royals
4787:
4782:
4777:
4768:
4766:
4757:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4650:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4621:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4565:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4470:
4464:
4460:
4459:
4451:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4428:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4372:Ottoman Empire
4369:
4364:
4359:
4357:Ancient Greece
4354:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4331:United Kingdom
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4224:Home-ownership
4221:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4079:American Dream
4076:
4070:
4064:
4054:
4053:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3992:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3866:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3847:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3703:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3572:
3570:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3491:Migrant worker
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3411:
3410:
3407:By demographic
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3387:Status Anxiety
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3341:Ranked society
3338:
3333:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3283:Class conflict
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3266: topics
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3240:Mudsill theory
3237:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3219:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3131:
3125:
3114:Broadway Books
3106:
3100:
3083:
3075:Maggor, Noam.
3073:
3067:American Music
3063:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3012:
2993:
2974:
2967:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2923:
2915:Allworth Press
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2871:Porter, John.
2869:
2859:
2848:
2837:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2805:
2798:
2780:
2773:
2755:
2748:
2722:
2715:
2694:
2687:
2666:
2659:
2647:(5 May 2000).
2636:
2629:
2601:
2588:
2570:
2558:
2549:
2520:
2513:
2498:"Introduction"
2496:, ed. (1903).
2485:
2472:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2403:
2378:
2364:
2350:
2327:
2314:
2295:
2288:
2268:
2248:
2224:
2201:
2164:
2153:
2132:
2106:
2082:
2076:978-1405124331
2075:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1949:La Distinction
1946:
1941:
1936:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1914:Boston Brahmin
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1828:Queen Victoria
1815:
1812:
1770:
1769:
1750:Whitney family
1746:
1737:
1736:
1723:(since 1970),
1717:(since 1886),
1683:
1664:Du Pont family
1658:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1622:
1615:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1559:Son of Liberty
1543:ridderhofstede
1510:
1467:New Netherland
1457:merchant from
1419:
1341:House of Percy
1318:Northumberland
1243:John Tayloe II
1187:Powhattan Hill
1171:
1132:
1080:, an American
1066:
1063:House of Percy
1034:, England, of
1032:Northumberland
995:
940:
931:and physician
844:
837:
805:
790:John Custis IV
782:John Custis II
759:
758:
755:Richard Corbin
723:women's rights
703:Richard Corbin
679:Richard Lee II
627:
616:Woodrow Wilson
580:Carter Braxton
564:Robert Burwell
520:Carter's Grove
496:
479:, an American
425:
328:William Byrd I
318:
317:Early Colonial
315:
287:Reconstruction
247:scorched earth
104:
101:
75:
72:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5189:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4864:Universities
4863:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4810:Organizations
4807:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4693:Concentration
4691:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:Nouveau riche
4557:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4449:
4444:
4442:
4437:
4435:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4414:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4336:United States
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:Other regions
4235:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:United States
4059:
4055:
4046:
4042:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:Socioeconomic
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3376:Social stigma
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:Social orphan
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3324:Nouveau riche
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3298:Class traitor
3296:
3294:
3293:Class society
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3230:Gilbert model
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3122:0-7679-0534-2
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3081:online review
3078:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3009:0-674-01747-1
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2924:9781880559642
2920:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2901:United States
2895:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2801:
2799:9781780760735
2795:
2791:
2784:
2776:
2774:9789004259973
2770:
2766:
2759:
2751:
2749:9780875866390
2745:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2726:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2690:
2688:9780955412493
2684:
2680:
2673:
2671:
2662:
2660:9780312230050
2656:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2632:
2630:9780767905343
2626:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2598:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2553:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2514:9780722291474
2510:
2506:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2482:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2443:
2436:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2368:
2360:
2354:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2318:
2309:E B. Stivers.
2308:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2289:9780742552104
2285:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2228:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2175:Social Forces
2168:
2161:
2156:
2154:9781469626987
2150:
2146:
2139:
2137:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2041:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:Social status
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:Nouveau riche
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:Landed gentry
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1929:Grand Burgher
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1875:Oxford Street
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1847:landed gentry
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:nouveau riche
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1699:Andrew Mellon
1696:
1695:Thomas Mellon
1692:
1688:
1687:Mellon family
1684:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1619:Forbes family
1616:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1605:Late Colonial
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:Benjamin Ogle
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:. He founded
1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:Dolly Madison
1264:
1263:James Madison
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:, the second
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:Robert E. Lee
1102:
1098:
1097:John Marshall
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:Bothal Castle
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:landed gentry
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:Benjamin Ogle
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
994:for 24 years.
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
944:Lowell family
941:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
921:Elvis Presley
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
842:
838:
835:
831:
828:, and writer
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
809:Delano family
806:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
776:
775:Custis Family
772:
771:
768:
763:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
697:representing
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
645:representing
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:Robert E. Lee
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:Hugh Drysdale
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
494:
490:
486:
485:Massachusetts
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
441:Massachusetts
438:
437:Massachusetts
434:
430:
426:
423:
420:
416:
412:
408:
405:known as the
404:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
342:. Byrd's son
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:
314:
312:
311:Presbyterians
308:
307:Episcopalians
304:
300:
296:
290:
289:(1863–1877).
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:Jim Crow laws
268:
267:sharecropping
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
163:planter class
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:
146:nouveau riche
142:
138:
137:Henry Flagler
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
103:United States
100:
98:
93:
91:
86:
82:
81:
71:
69:
65:
62:
61:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
5104:
5098:
5090:
5077:
5063:
5055:
4991:Philanthropy
4973:
4772:
4698:Distribution
4675:Robber baron
4584:Veblen goods
4579:Luxury goods
4568:
4567:
4559:
4387:Soviet Union
4362:Ancient Rome
4219:Homelessness
4144:Upper Middle
4016: /
3997: /
3988: /
3953:Working poor
3849:
3836:Robber baron
3825:
3659:Intellectual
3649:Royal family
3613:Ancient Rome
3467:second-class
3385:
3328:
3327: /
3322:
3318:High society
3225:Elite theory
3202:
3195:
3188:
3175:Social class
3134:
3128:
3109:
3087:
3076:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3015:
2996:
2977:
2970:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2913:. New York:
2909:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2862:
2851:
2840:
2833:
2813:
2808:
2789:
2783:
2764:
2758:
2733:
2725:
2706:
2697:
2678:
2649:
2639:
2618:
2596:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2561:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2530:
2523:
2502:
2488:
2480:
2475:
2448:
2442:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2388:
2381:
2367:
2353:
2341:. Retrieved
2330:
2322:
2317:
2305:
2298:
2278:
2271:
2264:Google Books
2234:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2204:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2158:
2144:
2123:. Retrieved
2119:
2109:
2098:
2066:
2056:
2044:
1944:High culture
1932:
1879:
1832:
1826:emperor and
1817:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1789:Paris Hilton
1782:
1771:
1718:
1612:Astor family
1582:Valley Forge
1542:
1526:Dutch barons
1449:was a Dutch
1394:'s pick for
1364:Richard Rush
1351:Constitution
1350:
1336:and ancient
1334:Baron de Ros
1231:Henry Corbin
1195:Tayloe House
1111:, the first
1056:Baron de Ros
1026:, prominent
925:Harrisonburg
870:, and three
824:, astronaut
766:
635:Henry Corbin
624:Jimmy Carter
433:George Cabot
429:Cabot family
419:Rear Admiral
291:
279:black people
259:emancipation
215:
151:high society
144:
106:
94:
78:
77:
58:
55:social class
28:
27:
25:
5172:Upper class
5057:Das Kapital
4926:by category
4648:Millionaire
4614:Billionaire
4572:(old money)
4569:Vieux riche
4563:(new money)
4554:Upper class
4306:New Zealand
4023:Untouchable
3948:Proletariat
3938:Pea-pickers
3888:Bourgeoisie
3576:Aristocracy
3462:naturalized
3457:native-born
1909:Black elite
1904:Aristocracy
1691:Mellon Bank
1676:World War I
1670:during the
1642:World War I
1563:Schenectady
1547:Fort Orange
1531:fur traders
1293:, and bred
1271:White House
1251:King Carter
1233:and Alice (
1191:Buena Vista
1148:Long Island
1140:Netherlands
1101:Confederate
1036:Ogle Castle
1010:Samuel Ogle
948:John Lowell
909:New England
892:James River
614:during the
512:Nomony Hall
508:Sabine Hall
336:James River
263:plantations
197:during the
175:fur traders
171:ship-owners
113:inheritance
97:upper class
64:aristocracy
43:upper-class
40:established
5146:Categories
5129:by country
5078:Superclass
4723:Management
4533:Plutocracy
4296:Luxembourg
4186:Inequality
3851:Superclass
3642:Hereditary
3618:Post-Roman
3609:Patrician
3479:adolescent
3303:Classicide
2990:2759402886
2716:0140240845
2542:17 October
2469:required.)
2249:0813912741
2036:References
1933:Großbürger
1774:Forbes 400
1733:BNY Mellon
1713:in 1985),
1703:Gilded Age
1590:John Adams
1535:Beverwijck
1345:midshipman
1295:Sir Archie
1179:Mount Airy
1144:Oyster Bay
958:under the
727:Lee family
669:. His son
481:Republican
400:Democratic
216:After the
185:, and the
51:patriciate
5157:Oligarchy
4962:Affluenza
4853:Charities
4718:Inherited
4713:Geography
4668:Ukrainian
4538:Plutonomy
4528:Overclass
4523:Oligarchy
4321:Sri Lanka
4214:Education
4181:Household
4074:Affluence
4009:Rat tribe
3971:Ant tribe
3943:Precariat
3928:Lazzaroni
3870:Bohemians
3831:Overclass
3826:Old money
3762:Spartiate
3737:Kshatriya
3727:Hashashin
3684:Professor
3625:Political
3598:Oligarchy
3588:Hanseaten
3506:Stateless
3486:Convicted
3418:By status
3381:Subaltern
3313:Euthenics
3245:New class
2982:Assouline
2933:Ethnicity
2845:Routledge
2125:17 August
1959:Mentifact
1863:Belgravia
1851:insolvent
1745:founders.
1668:gunpowder
1459:Amsterdam
1330:Newcastle
1307:Ogle Hall
1265:and wife
1235:Eltonhead
1207:Canebrake
1152:Hyde Park
1103:General,
1052:Newcastle
1003:Ogle Hall
848:Harrisons
641:, in the
604:John Page
590:in 1777,
584:Mann Page
500:Corotoman
396:US Senate
332:fall line
277:of freed
195:headright
191:the Crown
187:Carolinas
167:merchants
68:new money
33:inherited
29:Old money
5124:Category
4738:Religion
4728:National
4703:Dynastic
4658:Business
4653:Oligarch
4641:Business
4463:Concepts
4454:Extreme
4413:Category
4345:Historic
4266:Colombia
4256:Cambodia
4191:Personal
4089:Mobility
4018:Freedman
4004:Plebeian
3990:Prisoner
3976:Commoner
3862:Creative
3843:Seigneur
3809:Nobility
3767:Vanniyar
3752:Pendekar
3712:Cossacks
3346:Snobbery
3218:Theories
3003:, 2005,
2984:, 2008)
2858:, 2014).
2847:, 2017).
2615:(2003).
2258:20263021
2063:"Wealth"
1964:Nobility
1931:(German
1892:See also
1839:nobility
1824:Habsburg
1807:parvenus
1707:Gulf Oil
1584:and the
1475:New York
1281:and the
1082:colonist
1014:Governor
939:surgery.
896:planters
739:Baptists
731:Virginia
713:and the
677:married
594:General
540:colonies
536:colonist
273:and the
222:freedmen
183:Maryland
179:Virginia
165:, or as
60:de facto
31:is "the
5023:Sayings
4946:Related
4663:Russian
4636:Magnate
4316:Romania
4311:Nigeria
4196:Poverty
4099:Classes
4084:History
3995:Peasant
3981:Outcast
3920:Working
3900:Burgher
3757:Samurai
3747:Ocēlōtl
3707:Chhetri
3699:Warrior
3689:Scholar
3603:Russian
3593:Magnate
3581:Aristoi
3560:By type
3447:Citizen
3440:refugee
3336:Poverty
3330:Parvenu
3264:Related
3235:Marxian
3197:Stratum
3049:(1982).
2973:(1990).
2949:(2003).
2942:(1958).
2896:(1986).
2889:(2014).
2882:(2016).
2875:(1965).
2867:excerpt
2865:(1998)
2398:2576742
2343:15 July
2196:2580627
1979:Parvenu
1867:Mayfair
1843:peerage
1835:Britain
1783:From a
1758:England
1725:Koppers
1626:English
1553:during
1501:of the
1499:patroon
1487:British
1451:diamond
1433:of the
1347:on the
1322:Rutland
1291:Hampton
1273:during
1203:Alabama
1175:Tayloes
1044:Rutland
992:Harvard
966:of the
888:Bermuda
852:Berkley
749:in the
737:to the
709:in the
560:moniker
546:of the
504:Shirley
384:Speaker
352:planter
334:of the
243:Atlanta
121:peddler
5099:Wealth
5064:Plutus
4773:Forbes
4764:People
4708:Effect
4685:Wealth
4607:People
4456:wealth
4271:France
4251:Belize
4246:Africa
4173:Income
4129:Middle
4122:Gentry
3986:Outlaw
3893:Petite
3880:Middle
3814:Landed
3799:Gentry
3732:Knight
3672:Priest
3667:Clergy
3630:Family
3568:Ruling
3517:collar
3474:Clique
3190:Status
3120:
3116:2003,
3098:
3071:online
3062:(1968)
3035:(1978)
3020:online
3007:
2988:
2965:online
2956:(2010)
2921:
2818:online
2796:
2771:
2746:
2713:
2685:
2657:
2627:
2511:
2463:
2396:
2286:
2256:
2246:
2217:5 July
2194:
2151:
2073:
1989:Preppy
1924:Gentry
1814:Europe
1754:London
1648:, and
1630:German
1596:, and
1338:Norman
1303:Belair
1247:Diomed
1193:, the
1115:, and
1060:Norman
1021:Barons
999:Belair
929:Dayton
882:, and
767:Custis
461:Boston
80:Wealth
47:gentry
36:wealth
5049:Media
4884:Other
4756:Lists
4733:Paper
4629:UHNWI
4518:Elite
4367:Aztec
4326:Tibet
4301:Nepal
4291:Italy
4281:India
4276:Haiti
4261:China
4161:Under
4156:Lower
4134:Black
4117:Donor
4112:Black
4107:Upper
4014:Slave
3963:Under
3819:Petty
3794:Elite
3781:Upper
3722:Harii
3717:Cuāuh
3551:White
3531:Green
3430:Alien
3273:Caste
2504:Rawle
2192:JSTOR
1715:Alcoa
1674:. By
1640:. By
1483:Dutch
1455:pearl
1439:Dutch
1311:Baron
1285:with
1177:, of
612:Italy
530:, of
516:Cleve
226:Union
173:, or
129:ferry
5084:List
4286:Iran
3999:Serf
3804:Lord
3742:Nair
3635:List
3546:Pink
3536:Grey
3526:Blue
3515:By "
3118:ISBN
3096:ISBN
3005:ISBN
2986:ISBN
2919:ISBN
2794:ISBN
2769:ISBN
2744:ISBN
2711:ISBN
2683:ISBN
2655:ISBN
2625:ISBN
2544:2011
2509:ISBN
2394:OCLC
2345:2015
2312:168.
2284:ISBN
2254:OCLC
2244:ISBN
2219:2019
2149:ISBN
2127:2012
2071:ISBN
1845:and
1818:The
1804:and
1791:and
1748:The
1740:The
1685:The
1662:The
1628:and
1617:The
1610:The
1520:The
1485:and
1453:and
1429:The
1414:and
1349:USS
1314:Ogle
1305:and
1173:The
1150:and
1134:The
1068:The
1038:and
1024:Ogle
1012:and
1001:and
962:, a
942:The
927:and
846:The
839:The
820:and
807:The
773:The
518:and
427:The
309:and
232:and
4743:Tax
3541:New
2980:, (
2536:343
2455:doi
2262:At
2184:doi
1760:to
1477:'s
1374:on
1328:of
1316:of
1301:of
1289:of
1211:FFV
1197:in
1154:in
1146:on
1074:FFV
1050:of
1030:in
856:FFV
850:of
778:FFV
729:in
681:of
631:FFV
524:FFV
522:,
463:to
358:in
346:of
324:FFV
131:in
38:of
5148::
3112:,
3094:.
3090:.
3055::
2999:,
2917:.
2742:.
2740:51
2669:^
2604:^
2581:.
2500:.
2252:.
2238:.
2190:.
2180:74
2178:.
2157:.
2135:^
2118:.
2085:^
1877:.
1756:,
1592:,
1378:.
1354:,
1324:,
1241:,
1209:,
1205:,
1189:,
1185:,
1181:,
1107:,
1099:,
1092:,
1072:,
1046:,
974:.
878:,
874::
854:,
816:,
796:,
701:.
689:.
602:,
578:,
570:,
514:,
510:,
506:,
502:,
455:.
447:.
224:.
213:.
181:,
135:;
123:;
92:.
49:,
4447:e
4440:t
4433:v
3769:/
3519:"
3164:e
3157:t
3150:v
3124:.
3104:.
3011:.
2992:.
2927:.
2854:(
2843:(
2802:.
2777:.
2752:.
2719:.
2691:.
2663:.
2633:.
2585:.
2546:.
2538:–
2517:.
2461:.
2457::
2400:.
2375:.
2347:.
2292:.
2266:.
2260:.
2221:.
2198:.
2186::
2129:.
2079:.
1935:)
1768:.
1735:.
1652:.
1600:.
1065:.
836:.
424:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.