794:
401:
413:
448:
banking was particularly important. Aristotle describes the basic function of money as a universal instrument of quantitative measurement – "for it measures all things " – making things alike and comparable due to a social "agreement" of acceptance. In that way, money also enables a new type of economic society and the definition of wealth in measurable quantities, such as gold and money. Modern philosophers like
Nietzsche criticized the fixation on measurable wealth: "Unsere 'Reichen' – das sind die Ärmsten! Der eigentliche Zweck alles Reichtums ist vergessen!" ("Our 'rich people' – those are the poorest! The real purpose of all wealth has been forgotten!")
782:
681:
693:
806:
424:(2017). According to the eighth edition of the Global Wealth Report, in the year to mid-2017, total global wealth rose at a rate of 6.4%, the fastest pace since 2012 and reached US$ 280 trillion, a gain of US$ 16.7 trillion. This reflected widespread gains in equity markets matched by similar rises in non-financial assets, which moved above the pre-crisis year 2007's level for the first time this year. Wealth growth also outpaced population growth, so that global mean wealth per adult grew by 4.9% and reached a new record high of US$ 56,540 per adult.
138:
1609:
590:, etc. Over the history, some of the key underlying factors in wealth creation and the measurement of the wealth include the scalable innovation and application of human knowledge in the form of institutional structure and political/ideological "superstructure", the scarce resources (both natural and man-made), and the saving of monetary assets.
387:
between material wealth and human wealth, defining human wealth as "wealth in human relations"; land and labour were the source of all material wealth. The German cultural historian Silvio Vietta links wealth/poverty to rationality. Having a leading position in the development of rational sciences,
267:
Wealth has been defined as a collection of things limited in supply, transferable, and useful in satisfying human desires. Scarcity is a fundamental factor for wealth. When a desirable or valuable commodity (transferable good or skill) is abundantly available to everyone, the owner of the commodity
749:
The middle class views wealth as something for emergencies and it is seen as more of a cushion. This class comprises people that were raised with families that typically owned their own home, planned ahead and stressed the importance of education and achievement. They earn a significant income and
447:
In
Western civilization, wealth is connected with a quantitative type of thought, invented in the ancient Greek "revolution of rationality", involving for instance the quantitative analysis of nature, the rationalization of warfare, and measurement in economics. The invention of coined money and
95:
At the most general level, economists may define wealth as "the total of anything of value" that captures both the subjective nature of the idea and the idea that it is not a fixed or static concept. Various definitions and concepts of wealth have been asserted by various people in different
1642:, The Wealth Concept. A Study in Economic Theory, Source: The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , Apr., 1891, Vol. 1 (Apr., 1891), pp. 615–634, Published by: Sage Publications, Inc. in association with the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
621:', but is measured differently. Accounting measures net worth in terms of the historical cost of assets while economics measures wealth in terms of current values. But analysis may adapt typical accounting conventions for economic purposes in social accounting (such as in
315:
in modern societies for even the poorest of people. This comparative wealth across time is also applicable to the future; given this trend of human advancement, it is possible that the standard of living that the wealthiest enjoy today will be considered impoverished by
294:
in relation to such items which can be invoked with little or no effort and expense on the part of the owner. The concept of wealth is relative and not only varies between societies, but varies between different sections or regions in the same society. A personal
1623:
1039:
264:. Wealth provides some people "safety nets" of protection against unforeseen declines in their living standard in the event of emergency and can be transformed into home ownership, business ownership, or college education by its expenditure.
1733:
299:
of US$ 10,000 in most parts of the United States would certainly not place a person among the wealthiest citizens of that locale. Such an amount would constitute an extraordinary amount of wealth in impoverished
1668:
2077:
1620:
1036:
279:
of such resources (income or flow). A wealthy person, group, or nation thus has more accumulated resources (capital) than a poor one. The opposite of wealth is destitution. The opposite of richness is
830:(US$ 418.3×10) at the end of the year 2020. For 2018, the World Bank estimated the value of the world's produced capital, natural capital, and human capital to be $ 1,152 trillion. According to the
1221:
With permanent settlements, a variety of tools, and the creation of trading networks, our ancestors achieved a level of cultural and economic sophistication that anthropologists refer to as a
1184:
groups of early humans; the evidence included burial-site tools made from nonlocal materials, seashell jewelry found with noncoastal tribes, and patterns of movement suggesting trading routes.
642:
1604:
1710:
2047:
194:, described wealth as "the annual produce of the land and labor of the society". This "produce" is, at its simplest, a good or service which satisfies human needs, and wants of
125:, and minerals. Human capital is the population's education and skills. Physical (or "manufactured") capital includes such things as machinery, buildings, and infrastructure.
499:, the net liabilities are those owed to the rest of the world. The term may also be used more broadly as referring to the productive capacity of a society or as a contrast to
1352:
2017:
1995:
3388:
1730:
667:
for formulating and deriving such measures on the argument that an educated valuation is superior to a value of zero (as the implied valuation of environmental assets).
435:, the worldwide total net worth is currently at US$ 514 trillion in 2020, with China being the wealthiest nation with net worth of US$ 120 trillion. Another report, by
268:
will possess no potential for wealth. When a valuable or desirable commodity is in scarce supply, the owner of the commodity will possess great potential for wealth.
1911:
1886:
1861:
1665:
913:
1413:
3353:
2085:
1433:
1373:
520:
in time, for example the value of an orchard on
December 31 minus debt owed on the orchard. For a given amount of wealth, say at the beginning of the year,
3393:
3348:
217:. A person considered wealthy, affluent, or rich is someone who has accumulated substantial wealth relative to others in their society or reference group.
1639:
3555:
3358:
174:
groups began to adopt a more settled lifestyle, as evidenced by cave drawings, burial sites, and decorative objects. Around this time, humans began
1676:
1393:
1143:
around 35,000 years ago we begin to see the first evidence of a more settled lifestyle, with burial sites, cave drawings, and decorative objects.
3416:
3368:
2429:
2285:
534:
variable. What marks the income as a flow is its measurement per unit of time, such as the value of apples yielded from the orchard per year.
3426:
428:
has asserted that a small child has greater wealth than the 2 billion poorest people in the world combined, since a small child has no debt.
3343:
1757:
3550:
1615:
1505:
1031:
834:, inequality of wealth and income increases during the early phases of economic development, stabilizes and then becomes more equitable.
326:
emphasized the role of technology. Many jobs were automated. Machines replaced some workers while other workers became more specialized.
1707:
1252:
637:
projected future outlays considered to be liabilities. Macroeconomic questions include whether the issuance of government bonds affects
108:, region or country that possesses an abundance of such possessions or resources to the benefit of the common good is known as wealthy.
2055:
1575:
3441:
3373:
3411:
1660:
1349:
1026:
1544:
3446:
1742:
841:" countries, and in 2008, 1% of adults were estimated to hold 40% of world wealth, a number which falls to 32% when adjusted for
787:
Though the 10th percentile of
American households have zero net worth, the 90th percentile has $ 1.6 million of household wealth.
3436:
3431:
3363:
2012:
1992:
1564:
846:
597:– that is, in money value as of a given date or adjusted to net out price changes. The assets include those that are tangible (
182:
lifestyle. Those who had gathered abundant burial-site tools, weapons, baskets, and food, were considered part of the wealthy.
2118:
1968:
1598:
594:
121:
is a monetary measure which includes the sum of natural, human, and physical assets. Natural capital includes land, forests,
3338:
3315:
2266:
1904:
1879:
1854:
879:
811:
Median wealth of married couples exceeds that of single individuals, regardless of gender and across all age categories.
104:
implications, since often wealth maximization is seen as a goal or is thought to be a normative principle of its own. A
2162:
1928:
1789:
973:
793:
3421:
3065:
1536:
1207:
1166:
1129:
405:
3330:
2966:
1297:
1084:
853:
827:
421:
3612:
3149:
562:
3026:
716:. Wealth at the individual or household level refers to value of everything a person or family owns, including
439:
in 2021, suggests the total wealth of the US exceeded that of China, US$ 126.3 trillion to US$ 74.9 trillion.
92:
is defined as the current value of one's assets less liabilities (excluding the principal in trust accounts).
2795:
3310:
3284:
3195:
2379:
1702:
988:
400:
388:
in new technologies and in economic production leads to wealth, while the opposite can be correlated with
84:, yet the meaning of wealth is context-dependent. A person possessing a substantial net worth is known as
3320:
3305:
3292:
2904:
2444:
2078:"Tax on the 'private' billions now stashed away in havens enough to end extreme world poverty twice over"
638:
560:
There are several historical developmental economics points of view on the basis of wealth, such as from
550:
412:
3649:
3453:
2611:
214:
28:
781:
609:(money, bonds, etc.). Measurable wealth typically excludes intangible or nonmarketable assets such as
3300:
3144:
2739:
2551:
2414:
32:
936:
307:
Concepts of wealth also vary across time. Modern labor-saving inventions and the development of the
3033:
3021:
2520:
2484:
2259:
869:
352:
saw wealth creation as the combination of materials, labour, land, and technology. The theories of
24:
2695:
1239:
The Origin of Wealth: The
Radical Remaking of Economics and What it Means for Business and Society
3378:
3109:
2884:
2778:
2314:
842:
692:
656:
626:
554:
339:
69:
20:
1319:
A Theory of Global
Civilization: Rationality and the Irrational as the Driving Forces of History
3495:
3218:
2854:
2849:
2764:
2734:
1754:
1750:
1685:
771:
504:
492:
229:
1777:
655:
are not usually counted in measuring wealth, in part due to the difficulty of valuation for a
3626:
3477:
2914:
2889:
2874:
2805:
2790:
2625:
2591:
2514:
2499:
2384:
2299:
2198:
1524:
1256:
680:
572:
456:"Savings" redirects here. For the concept of non-expenditure of income per unit of time, see
432:
377:
327:
261:
190:
149:
81:
55:
3487:
2509:
805:
3534:
3529:
3519:
3233:
3213:
2994:
2959:
2531:
2494:
2369:
2334:
2207:
2128:
1497:
1022:
713:
652:
2394:
1572:
837:
As of 2008, about 90% of global wealth is distributed in North
America, Europe, and "rich
8:
3604:
3501:
3258:
3188:
3139:
3114:
3016:
3011:
3006:
2844:
2839:
2724:
2556:
2526:
2339:
2319:
2252:
1942:
874:
762:
have the least amount of wealth, with circumstances discouraging accumulation of assets.
746:
The upper class are schooled to maintain their wealth and pass it to future generations.
602:
365:
241:
2211:
2864:
2685:
2616:
2576:
2439:
2228:
2193:
1974:
1643:
1541:
1005:
740:
736:
709:
364:, in the 18th century and 19th century built on these views of wealth that we now call
317:
312:
301:
221:
510:
Economic terminology distinguishes between wealth and income. Wealth or savings is a
3597:
3524:
3243:
3183:
3178:
2834:
2705:
2700:
2657:
2601:
2571:
2536:
2479:
2344:
2233:
2189:
2176:
2168:
2158:
2114:
1978:
1964:
1785:
1488:
1378:
1203:
1162:
1125:
1009:
969:
717:
664:
622:
496:
461:
371:
323:
236:, including homes or automobiles; monetary savings, such as the accumulation of past
233:
202:
44:
2011:
James B. Davies, Susanna
Sandström, Anthony Shorrocks, and Edward N. Wolff. (2008).
1991:
James B. Davies, Susanna
Sandström, Anthony Shorrocks, and Edward N. Wolff. (2008).
1561:
750:
consume many things, typically limiting their savings and investments to retirement
521:
232:
owed at a point in time. Wealth can be categorized into three principal categories:
3161:
2999:
2924:
2899:
2894:
2800:
2690:
2652:
2647:
2606:
2596:
2586:
2546:
2364:
2349:
2223:
2215:
2150:
1956:
1948:
1591:
1492:
997:
852:
In 2013, 1% of adults were estimated to hold 46% of world wealth and around $ 18.5
819:
660:
598:
567:
361:
331:
122:
117:
1806:
1337:
Rationalität. Eine
Weltgeschichte. Europäische Kulturgeschichte und Globalisierung
1199:
The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics
1158:
The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics
1121:
The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics
986:
Kronman, Anthony T. (March 1980). "Wealth Maximization as a Normative Principle".
3672:
3644:
3560:
3248:
3223:
2952:
2919:
2909:
2879:
2785:
2419:
2329:
2142:
2136:
2021:
1999:
1761:
1737:
1714:
1697:
1672:
1627:
1579:
1568:
1553:
1548:
1531:
1356:
1301:
1197:
1156:
1119:
1043:
884:
799:
Higher educational attainment in the US corresponds with median household wealth.
721:
630:
546:
484:
335:
287:
275:
of resources (net asset value), whether abundant or not. 'Richness' refers to an
179:
77:
47:
2637:
2581:
2561:
2399:
2354:
2309:
2304:
2219:
2154:
2146:
1398:
965:
614:
530:
512:
253:
205:, or the state of controlling or possessing such items, usually in the form of
201:
In popular usage, wealth can be described as an abundance of items of economic
112:
1952:
1374:"Global wealth surges as China overtakes US to grab top spot: McKinsey report"
908:
708:
is not identical to wealth, but the two concepts are related (particularly in
3666:
3618:
3583:
3228:
3079:
2869:
2744:
2662:
2566:
2434:
2404:
2374:
2180:
2132:
1061:
831:
823:
755:
646:
634:
610:
542:
538:
436:
353:
3511:
3253:
3099:
2815:
2769:
2749:
2680:
2541:
2489:
2324:
2237:
1840:
889:
838:
732:
705:
170:
72:
word stem. The modern concept of wealth is of significance in all areas of
3577:
3238:
3168:
3134:
3104:
3074:
2934:
2719:
2642:
2632:
2459:
2409:
2359:
1905:"The Wealth of Households: 2021 / Current Population Reports / P70BR-183"
1880:"The Wealth of Households: 2021 / Current Population Reports / P70BR-183"
1855:"The Wealth of Households: 2021 / Current Population Reports / P70BR-183"
1418:
1056:
728:
581:
545:' may refer to the increase in aggregate consumption from an increase in
425:
245:
210:
59:
1294:
1180:
During this period, archeologists also begin to see evidence of trading
137:
3263:
3053:
2754:
2729:
2667:
2454:
2275:
1960:
1647:
1519:
577:
472:
383:
357:
349:
185:
1782:
Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy: Entries A–F
1414:"China overtakes US as world's richest nation as global wealth surges"
1096:
3482:
3173:
3088:
3058:
3048:
3043:
2929:
2859:
2829:
2759:
2504:
2449:
2424:
2389:
857:
618:
587:
480:
468:
296:
291:
260:. All these delineations make wealth an especially important part of
105:
97:
73:
1001:
308:
257:
51:
2172:
1605:
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
960:
Denis "Authentic Development: Is it Sustainable?", pp. 189–205 in
3156:
2944:
2810:
2672:
759:
751:
500:
389:
280:
195:
175:
101:
495:
owed at a point in time. For national wealth as measured in the
63:
3590:
2187:
1394:"Global Wealth Surges as China Overtakes U.S. to Grab Top Spot"
457:
237:
225:
178:
burial-site tools and developed trade networks, resulting in a
1295:
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
3038:
2244:
1077:
617:. In economics, 'wealth' corresponds to the accounting term '
488:
249:
206:
1903:
Sullivan, Brianna; Hays, Donald; Bennett, Neil (June 2023).
1878:
Sullivan, Brianna; Hays, Donald; Bennett, Neil (June 2023).
1853:
Sullivan, Brianna; Hays, Donald; Bennett, Neil (June 2023).
1202:. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Press. p. 7.
1161:. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Press. p. 7.
1124:. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Press. p. 7.
58:. This includes the core meaning as held in the originating
1503: • Nancy D. Ruggles, 1987. "social accounting"
1092:
727:
In both Marxist and Weberian theory, class is divided into
698:
Global share of wealth by wealth group, Credit Suisse, 2017
686:
Global share of wealth by wealth group, Credit Suisse, 2021
1831:
1829:
1827:
1896:
1282:. Vol. 15. The Grolier Society. 1949. p. 5357.
914:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
549:. One feature of its effect on economic behavior is the
54:
which can be converted into a form that can be used for
2035:
Persistent Poverty: The American Dream Turned Nightmare
1824:
1602: • E.N. Wolff, 2002. "Wealth Distribution"
1230:
2188:
Wiedmann, Thomas; Lenzen, Manfred; Keyßer, Lorenz T.;
1658:• Jagadeesh Gokhale, 2008. "Generational accounting."
1359:(October 18, 2018). Credit Suisse Research Institute.
557:
goods demanded for each one-percent change in wealth.
420:
The wealth of households worldwide amounts to US$ 280
416:
World regions by total wealth (in trillions USD), 2018
1910:. United States Census Bureau. p. 5 (Figure 2).
1885:. United States Census Bureau. p. 5 (Figure 2).
1846:
1330:
1328:
1312:
1310:
2111:
As Gods Among Men: A History of the Rich in the West
1871:
1860:. United States Census Bureau. p. 2 (Table 1).
503:. Analytical emphasis may be on its determinants or
1902:
1877:
1852:
1725:• Sjak Smulders, 2008. "green national accounting"
818:Although precise data are not available, the total
3556:Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor
1837:Assets and the Poor: A New American Welfare Policy
1325:
1307:
1271:
553:, which is the percentage change in the amount of
19:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see
334:, as it came to be known, consisting of both the
3664:
1775:
754:and home ownership. Below the middle class, the
3354:Largest financial services companies by revenue
2430:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
1434:"Research Institute: Global wealth report 2021"
1993:The World Distribution of Household Wealth, p8
1613: • Robert L. Heilbroner, 1987. ).
431:According to the 2021 global wealth report by
3349:Largest corporations by market capitalization
2960:
2260:
1747:Assigning Economic Value to Natural Resources
1241:. Harvard Business Review Press; 1st edition.
244:wealth of income producing assets, including
1700:, 1974. "Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?",
1680: • Laurence J. Kotlikoff, 1992,
847:concentration of wealth in the United States
16:Abundance of financial assets or possessions
3551:The rich get richer and the poor get poorer
1616:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
1506:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
1057:"Free exchange: The real wealth of nations"
1032:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
460:. For savings as a business objective, see
3359:Largest manufacturing companies by revenue
2967:
2953:
2267:
2253:
2014:The World Distribution of Household Wealth
1558:An Inquiry into Well-Being and Destitution
1286:
1236:
1195:
1154:
1117:
2227:
1016:
442:
1727:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
1661:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
917:(4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company
411:
399:
3369:Largest technology companies by revenue
1743:United States National Research Council
985:
3665:
3437:Income inequality in the United States
3432:Wealth inequality in the United States
1947:. World Bank Group. October 27, 2021.
1334:
1316:
739:, with each further subdivided (e.g.,
670:
3364:Largest software companies by revenue
2948:
2248:
1784:. Taylor & Francis. p. 161.
1771:
1769:
1472:
1457:
1253:"WWE Superstars net worth and salary"
1049:
954:
845:. According to Richard H Ropers, the
822:in the world, excluding the value of
516:variable – that is, it is measurable
330:became critical to economic success.
3344:Largest corporate profits and losses
1944:The Changing Wealth of Nations, 2021
451:
132:
3417:Countries by number of billionaires
2126:
1619:, v. 4, pp. 880–883. Brief preview
1035:, v. 4, pp. 880–883. Brief preview
880:Productivity-improving technologies
96:contexts. Defining wealth can be a
13:
2974:
2194:"Scientists' warning on affluence"
2138:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
2103:
1917:from the original on May 24, 2024.
1892:from the original on May 24, 2024.
1867:from the original on May 24, 2024.
1766:
14:
3684:
3066:Primitive accumulation of capital
1537:The Wealth and Poverty of Nations
3412:Cities by number of billionaires
2037:. New York: Insight Books, 1991.
1804:
826:, has been estimated at $ 418.3
804:
792:
780:
691:
679:
524:from that wealth, as measurable
471:, wealth (in a commonly applied
395:
290:on establishing and maintaining
136:
3613:The Theory of the Leisure Class
3488:Acquired situational narcissism
2070:
2040:
2027:
2005:
1985:
1935:
1921:
1798:
1719:
1691:
1652:
1633:
1584:
1512:
1481:
1466:
1451:
1426:
1406:
1386:
1366:
1343:
1245:
1189:
765:
625:). An example of the latter is
563:Principles of Political Economy
3427:Countries by wealth inequality
3027:History of economic inequality
2274:
2113:. Princeton University Press.
2084:. May 22, 2013. Archived from
1780:. In Jones, R.J. Barry (ed.).
1363:. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
1148:
1111:
1095:. July 9, 2012. Archived from
979:
962:Building Sustainable Societies
929:
901:
856:was estimated to be stored in
849:is "inequitably distributed".
462:Procurement § Performance
408:(trillions USD), Credit Suisse
1:
2796:Critique of political economy
1599:Analytical Table of Contents.
895:
712:), leading to the concept of
3394:Number of billionaire alumni
3339:Largest companies by revenue
2380:History of capitalist theory
1703:Journal of Political Economy
1237:Beinhocker, Eric D. (2007).
1196:Beinhocker, Eric D. (2006).
1155:Beinhocker, Eric D. (2006).
1118:Beinhocker, Eric D. (2006).
989:The Journal of Legal Studies
487:– that is, the value of all
7:
1567:September 29, 2007, at the
1509:, v. 4, pp. 377–382, .
937:"The Millionaire Next Door"
863:
551:wealth elasticity of demand
483:of a person, household, or
10:
3689:
2220:10.1038/s41467-020-16941-y
2155:10.4135/9781412965811.n326
1929:"The Global Wealth Report"
1596:The Distribution of Wealth
1578:December 15, 2018, at the
1439:. Credit Suisse. June 2021
769:
593:Wealth may be measured in
455:
342:, became the focus of the
128:
29:Affluence (disambiguation)
18:
3640:
3569:
3543:
3510:
3473:
3466:
3422:Countries by total wealth
3404:
3329:
3301:List of centibillionaires
3283:
3276:
3204:
3145:High-net-worth individual
3127:
2990:
2983:
2823:
2777:
2740:Labour market flexibility
2713:
2624:
2473:
2415:Multinational corporation
2292:
2282:
2033:Ropers, Richard H, Ph.D.
2020:October 16, 2009, at the
1998:October 16, 2009, at the
1953:10.1596/978-1-4648-1590-4
1776:Grant, J. Andrew (2001).
1547:October 11, 2012, at the
1475:Werke in drei Bänden. III
1278:"How Wealth is Created".
1223:hunter-gatherer lifestyle
1085:"Inclusive Wealth Report"
311:have vastly improved the
228:owned minus the value of
33:Affluent (disambiguation)
3034:International inequality
3022:Consumption distribution
1805:Team, The Investopedia.
1671:October 2, 2011, at the
870:Gross National Happiness
271:'Wealth' refers to some
168:Around 35,000 years ago
25:Wealthy (disambiguation)
3110:Conspicuous consumption
2885:Individualist anarchism
2127:Lee, Dwight R. (2008).
1682:Generational Accounting
1350:"Global Wealth Report."
1335:Vietta, Silvio (2012).
1317:Vietta, Silvio (2013).
1300:August 1, 2020, at the
1280:World Book Encyclopedia
843:purchasing power parity
633:systems to include the
627:generational accounting
381:) distinguishes in the
340:infrastructural capital
224:refers to the value of
64:
21:Wealth (disambiguation)
3496:Argumentum ad crumenam
2850:Collectivist anarchism
2765:Social venture capital
2735:Freedom of association
2109:Alfani, Guido (2023).
1778:"class, definition of"
1751:National Academy Press
1501:, "Glossary of Terms."
1355:July 11, 2019, at the
772:Distribution of wealth
595:nominal or real values
443:Philosophical analysis
433:McKinsey & Company
417:
409:
188:, in his seminal work
3627:The Wealth of Nations
3478:Diseases of affluence
2915:Post-scarcity economy
2890:Libertarian socialism
2875:Free-market socialism
2806:Market fundamentalism
2791:Capitalist propaganda
2385:Industrial Revolution
2300:Anarchy of production
2199:Nature Communications
2190:Steinberger, Julia K.
2141:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
1760:June 7, 2011, at the
1736:May 11, 2012, at the
1713:June 6, 2011, at the
1626:June 1, 2012, at the
1525:The Wealth of Nations
1042:June 1, 2012, at the
573:The Wealth of Nations
415:
403:
378:labor theory of value
328:Labour specialization
262:social stratification
191:The Wealth of Nations
100:process with various
82:development economics
76:, and clearly so for
3535:Venture philanthropy
3530:Philanthrocapitalism
3442:Most expensive items
3316:Wealthiest Americans
3296:list of billionaires
2995:Capital accumulation
2370:Financial Revolution
2335:Economic development
2149:. pp. 537–539.
2129:"Wealth and Poverty"
2088:on December 23, 2015
2058:on February 14, 2015
2050:Global Wealth Report
1835:Sherraden, Michael.
1422:. November 16, 2021.
1402:. November 14, 2021.
1382:. November 15, 2021.
1023:Robert L. Heilbroner
968:, ed., M.E. Sharpe,
714:socioeconomic status
653:Environmental assets
302:developing countries
52:physical possessions
43:is the abundance of
3591:Greek god of wealth
3502:Prosperity theology
3321:Wealthiest families
3306:Female billionaires
3140:Captain of industry
3115:Conspicuous leisure
3017:Income distribution
3012:Wealth distribution
3007:Economic inequality
2845:Anarcho-syndicalism
2840:Anarcho-primitivism
2725:Economic inequality
2340:Economic liberalism
2212:2020NatCo..11.3107W
2082:Oxfam International
1807:"Wealth Definition"
1608:, pp. 16394–16401.
1493:William D. Nordhaus
941:movies2.nytimes.com
875:Happiness economics
671:Versus social class
659:. Environmental or
366:classical economics
286:The term implies a
68:, which is from an
3454:Wealthiest animals
2865:Economic democracy
2686:Private foundation
1753:. Chapter-preview
1677:uncorrected proof.
1460:Nicomachean Ethics
1259:on August 27, 2017
741:upper middle class
418:
410:
344:analysis of wealth
318:future generations
313:standard of living
148:. You can help by
31:, and
3660:
3659:
3636:
3635:
3525:The Giving Pledge
3462:
3461:
3272:
3271:
2942:
2941:
2835:Anarcho-communism
2706:Spontaneous order
2701:Social alienation
2658:Economic mobility
2345:Economic planning
2120:978-0-691-22712-2
1970:978-1-4648-1590-4
1495:, 2004, 18th ed.
1489:Paul A. Samuelson
1379:The Straits Times
1361:Credit-Suisse.com
718:personal property
665:social accounting
623:national accounts
497:national accounts
491:owned net of all
475:sense, sometimes
452:Economic analysis
372:Marxian economics
324:Industrialization
234:personal property
166:
165:
3680:
3520:Gospel of Wealth
3471:
3470:
3281:
3280:
3092:
3083:
3000:Overaccumulation
2988:
2987:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2946:
2945:
2925:Social anarchism
2900:Market socialism
2895:Market anarchism
2801:Critique of work
2691:Private property
2653:Economic freedom
2648:Decentralization
2626:Cultural aspects
2587:Regulated market
2365:Financial crisis
2350:Entrepreneurship
2269:
2262:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2184:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2054:. Archived from
2044:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2009:
2003:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1931:. Credit Suisse.
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1859:
1850:
1844:
1833:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1773:
1764:
1723:
1717:
1695:
1689:
1656:
1650:
1637:
1631:
1592:John Bates Clark
1588:
1582:
1516:
1510:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1462:. p. 1133a.
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1370:
1364:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1321:. Kindle Ebooks.
1314:
1305:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1255:. Archived from
1249:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1218:
1216:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1099:on June 30, 2012
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1053:
1047:
1020:
1014:
1013:
983:
977:
958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
905:
820:household wealth
808:
796:
784:
722:financial assets
695:
683:
661:green accounting
568:John Stuart Mill
528:say a year is a
362:John Stuart Mill
332:Physical capital
161:
158:
140:
133:
123:energy resources
118:inclusive wealth
78:growth economics
67:
48:financial assets
3688:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3632:
3565:
3561:Too big to fail
3539:
3506:
3458:
3400:
3379:Philanthropists
3325:
3268:
3200:
3123:
2979:
2973:
2943:
2938:
2920:Sharing economy
2910:Post-capitalism
2880:Green anarchism
2819:
2786:Anti-capitalism
2773:
2709:
2620:
2612:State-sponsored
2469:
2445:Property rights
2420:Nationalization
2330:Economic bubble
2288:
2278:
2273:
2165:
2121:
2106:
2104:Further reading
2101:
2091:
2089:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2028:
2022:Wayback Machine
2010:
2006:
2000:Wayback Machine
1990:
1986:
1971:
1941:
1940:
1936:
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1847:
1834:
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1813:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1774:
1767:
1762:Wayback Machine
1741: •
1740:
1738:Wayback Machine
1729:, 2nd Edition.
1724:
1720:
1715:Wayback Machine
1698:Robert J. Barro
1696:
1692:
1679:
1673:Wayback Machine
1664:, 2nd Edition.
1657:
1653:
1638:
1634:
1628:Wayback Machine
1612:
1601:
1589:
1585:
1580:Wayback Machine
1569:Wayback Machine
1554:Partha Dasgupta
1552: •
1551:
1549:Wayback Machine
1532:David S. Landes
1530: •
1529:
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1357:Wayback Machine
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1302:Wayback Machine
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1100:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1065:. June 30, 2012
1055:
1054:
1050:
1044:Wayback Machine
1021:
1017:
984:
980:
959:
955:
945:
943:
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930:
920:
918:
907:
906:
902:
898:
885:Quality of life
866:
816:
815:
814:
813:
812:
809:
801:
800:
797:
789:
788:
785:
774:
768:
703:
702:
701:
700:
699:
696:
688:
687:
684:
673:
663:is a method of
657:non-market good
631:social security
547:national wealth
465:
454:
445:
398:
336:natural capital
288:social contract
180:hunter-gatherer
162:
156:
153:
146:needs expansion
131:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3686:
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3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3389:Endowment size
3383:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3311:Richest royals
3308:
3303:
3298:
3289:
3287:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
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3208:
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3142:
3137:
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3119:
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3112:
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3019:
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2985:
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2825:
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2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2781:
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2774:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2714:Social aspects
2711:
2710:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2638:American Dream
2635:
2630:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
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2492:
2487:
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2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2400:Market failure
2397:
2395:Market economy
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2355:Ecopreneurship
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2310:Centralization
2307:
2305:Business cycle
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2206:(3107): 3107.
2185:
2164:978-1412965804
2163:
2147:Cato Institute
2133:Hamowy, Ronald
2124:
2119:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2069:
2039:
2026:
2004:
1984:
1969:
1934:
1920:
1895:
1870:
1845:
1823:
1797:
1791:978-0415243506
1790:
1765:
1718:
1690:
1651:
1640:Charles Tuttle
1632:
1583:
1511:
1480:
1477:. p. 419.
1465:
1450:
1425:
1405:
1385:
1365:
1342:
1324:
1306:
1285:
1270:
1244:
1229:
1208:
1188:
1167:
1147:
1130:
1110:
1076:
1048:
1015:
1002:10.1086/467637
996:(2): 227–242.
978:
974:978-1563247385
966:Dennis Pirages
953:
928:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
865:
862:
810:
803:
802:
798:
791:
790:
786:
779:
778:
777:
776:
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770:Main article:
767:
764:
710:Marxist theory
697:
690:
689:
685:
678:
677:
676:
675:
674:
672:
669:
615:social capital
453:
450:
444:
441:
397:
394:
220:In economics,
164:
163:
143:
141:
130:
127:
115:definition of
113:United Nations
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3418:
3415:
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3410:
3409:
3407:
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3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3385:Universities
3384:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
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3355:
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3331:Organizations
3328:
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3307:
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3240:
3237:
3235:
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3230:
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3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3214:Concentration
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3190:
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3108:
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3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:Nouveau riche
3078:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3055:
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3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2993:
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2989:
2986:
2982:
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2963:
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2913:
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2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:Eco-socialism
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
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756:working class
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647:wealth effect
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611:human capital
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437:Credit Suisse
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91:
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3512:Philanthropy
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3293:
3219:Distribution
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3196:Robber baron
3105:Veblen goods
3100:Luxury goods
3089:
3080:
2976:
2816:Wage slavery
2770:Unemployment
2750:Productivity
2681:Philanthropy
2542:Mercantilist
2519:
2490:Conservative
2464:
2325:Deregulation
2286:perspectives
2284:Aspects and
2203:
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2110:
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2086:the original
2081:
2072:
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2056:the original
2049:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2024:. UNU-WIDER.
2013:
2007:
2002:. UNU-WIDER.
1987:
1943:
1937:
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1841:M. E. Sharpe
1836:
1814:. Retrieved
1811:Investopedia
1810:
1800:
1781:
1746:
1726:
1721:
1706:, 8(6), pp.
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1198:
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1097:the original
1089:Ihdp.unu.edu
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1079:
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912:
903:
890:Working time
851:
839:Asia-Pacific
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645:through the
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343:
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273:accumulation
272:
270:
266:
219:
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189:
184:
171:Homo sapiens
169:
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157:January 2019
154:
150:adding to it
145:
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40:
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3578:Das Kapital
3447:by category
3169:Millionaire
3135:Billionaire
3093:(old money)
3090:Vieux riche
3084:(new money)
3075:Upper class
2935:Syndicalism
2855:Communalism
2720:Corporatism
2696:Rule of law
2643:Consumerism
2633:Advertising
2532:Libertarian
2510:Free-market
2480:Anglo-Saxon
2460:Wage labour
2410:Meritocracy
2360:Externality
2315:Competition
2092:January 22,
2062:January 22,
1961:10986/36400
1562:Description
1473:Nietzsche.
1458:Aristotle.
1419:India Today
860:worldwide.
643:consumption
555:consumption
493:liabilities
426:Tim Harford
246:real estate
230:liabilities
211:real estate
60:Old English
3650:by country
3599:Superclass
3244:Management
3054:Plutocracy
2824:Antithesis
2755:Prosperity
2730:Employment
2677:Mainstream
2668:Liberalism
2592:Regulatory
2567:Neoliberal
2515:Humanistic
2500:Democratic
2455:Regulation
2320:Depression
2276:Capitalism
2173:2008009151
1839:. Armonk:
1708:1095–1111.
1686:Free Press
1520:Adam Smith
1443:August 29,
1263:August 27,
896:References
858:tax havens
639:investment
578:Adam Smith
473:accounting
384:Grundrisse
358:John Locke
350:Adam Smith
258:businesses
240:; and the
186:Adam Smith
3483:Affluenza
3374:Charities
3239:Inherited
3234:Geography
3189:Ukrainian
3059:Plutonomy
3049:Overclass
3044:Oligarchy
2930:Socialism
2905:Mutualism
2860:Communism
2830:Anarchism
2779:Criticism
2760:Syndicate
2495:Corporate
2450:Recession
2425:Oligopoly
2390:Invention
2181:750831024
1979:244394817
1731:Abstract.
1610:Abstract.
1498:Economics
1399:Bloomberg
1010:153759163
619:net worth
607:financial
588:Karl Marx
518:at a date
481:net worth
479:) is the
469:economics
297:net worth
292:ownership
277:abundance
222:net worth
106:community
98:normative
90:Net worth
74:economics
3667:Category
3645:Category
3259:Religion
3249:National
3224:Dynastic
3179:Business
3174:Oligarch
3162:Business
2984:Concepts
2975:Extreme
2557:National
2552:Monopoly
2505:Dirigist
2474:Ideology
2238:32561753
2192:(2020).
2018:Archived
1996:Archived
1912:Archived
1887:Archived
1862:Archived
1816:June 13,
1758:Archived
1745:, 1994.
1734:Archived
1711:Archived
1669:Archived
1666:Abstract
1624:Archived
1594:, 1902.
1576:Archived
1565:Archived
1556:, 1993.
1545:Archived
1534:, 1998.
1522:, 1776.
1353:Archived
1298:Archived
1215:April 4,
1174:April 4,
1137:April 4,
1103:July 14,
1069:July 14,
1040:Archived
976:. (1996)
864:See also
854:trillion
828:trillion
752:pensions
422:trillion
338:and the
309:sciences
215:property
45:valuable
3544:Sayings
3467:Related
3184:Russian
3157:Magnate
2811:Marxism
2673:Liberty
2617:Welfare
2577:Private
2527:Liberal
2293:General
2229:7305220
2208:Bibcode
2135:(ed.).
1648:1008953
1573:review.
1542:Review.
1339:. Fink.
1182:between
1025:, 1987
603:capital
583:Capital
501:poverty
477:savings
390:poverty
281:poverty
242:capital
196:utility
176:trading
129:History
102:ethical
86:wealthy
3673:Wealth
3620:Wealth
3585:Plutus
3294:Forbes
3285:People
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3128:People
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2465:Wealth
2440:Profit
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522:income
489:assets
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458:Saving
256:, and
250:stocks
238:income
226:assets
41:Wealth
27:,
23:,
3570:Media
3405:Other
3277:Lists
3254:Paper
3150:UHNWI
3039:Elite
2607:State
2597:Rhine
2547:Mixed
2131:. In
2052:2013"
1975:S2CID
1915:(PDF)
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2234:PMID
2177:OCLC
2169:LCCN
2159:ISBN
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2115:ISBN
2094:2014
2064:2014
1965:ISBN
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