1493:, the human personality is developed in a series of eight stages that take place from the time of birth and continue on throughout an individual's complete life. He characterises old age as a period of "Integrity vs. Despair", during which people focus on reflecting back on their lives. Those who are unsuccessful during this phase will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets. The individual will be left with feelings of bitterness and despair. Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death. Coping is a very important skill needed in the aging process to move forward with life and not be 'stuck' in the past. The way people adapt and cope, reflects their aging process on a psycho-social level.
1337:
1740:
1052:(3) "successful adaptation" to age-related changes demands a continuity of self-concept. In their interviews, Johnson and Barer found that 24% of the 85+ had no face-to-face family relationships; many have outlived their families. Second, that contrary to popular notions, the interviews revealed that the reduced activity and socializing of the over-85s does not harm their well-being; they "welcome increased detachment". Third, rather than a continuity of self-concept, as the interviewees faced new situations they changed their "cognitive and emotional processes" and reconstituted their "self–representation".
1767:
1529:
56:
90:
1543:, which proposes that, in old age, a mutual disengagement between people and their society occurs in anticipation of death. By becoming disengaged from work and family responsibilities, according to this concept, people are enabled to enjoy their old age without stress. This theory has been subjected to the criticism that old age disengagement is neither natural, inevitable, nor beneficial. Furthermore, disengaging from social ties in old age is not across the board: unsatisfactory ties are dropped and satisfying ones kept.
1639:
479:
1788:
1517:
909:, and Hollon (2012), old age is a risk factor for depression caused by prejudice. When younger people are prejudiced against the elderly and then become old themselves, their anti-elderly prejudice turns inward, causing depression. "People with more negative age stereotypes will likely have higher rates of depression as they get older." Old age depression results in the over-65 population having the highest suicide rate.
518:
countries determine old age according to a person's ability to make active contributions to society. This number is also significantly affected by lower life expectancy throughout the developing world. Dating back to the Middle Ages and prior, what certain scholars thought of as old age varied depending on the context, but the state of being elderly was often thought as being 60 years of age or older in many respects.
1651:
1474:
1630:
the United States was spending 30 per cent of its budget on the elderly, compared with 2 per cent on education. The dominant perception of the
American old age population changed from "needy" and "worthy" to "powerful" and "greedy", old people getting more than their share of the nation's resources. However, in 2011, using a Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM), the old age American poverty rate was measured as 15.9%.
978:, accuses her contemporaries of believing that by proper exercise and diet they can avoid the scourges of old age and proceed from middle age to death. Studies find that many people in the 65–84 range can postpone morbidity by practicing healthy lifestyles. However, at about age 85, most people experience similar morbidity. Even with healthy lifestyles, most 85+ people will undergo extended "frailty and disability".
1224:
1329:
1215:. A condensed version was presented on NBC's Today Show and is available online. One exercise was to lay out 3 sets of 5 slips of paper. On set #1, write your 5 most enjoyed activities; on set #2, write your 5 most valued possessions; on set #3, write your 5 most loved people. Then "lose" them one by one, trying to feel each loss, until you have lost them all, as happens in old age.
350:
1462:
people older than 65 numbered only around 5% of the population and the average life expectancy of a 65-year-old in 1936 was approximately 5 years, while in 2011 it could often range from 10 to 20 years. Other issues that can arise from an increasing population are growing demands for health care and an increase in demand for different types of services.
1670:(ADL). Some examples of devices are a medical alert and safety system, shower seat (making it so the person does not get tired in the shower and fall), a bed cane (offering support to those with unsteadiness getting in and out of bed) and an ADL cuff (used with eating utensils for people with paralysis or hand weakness).
1120:, when people are so old as to have "out-lived themselves" and are terminally ill, in pain, and a burden to everyone, the priests exhort them about choosing to die. The priests assure them that "they shall be happy after death". If they choose to die, they end their lives by starvation or by taking opium.
1275:
levels: good, medium, poor, and very poor. People in their 70s were mostly rated good. In the 80–90 year range, the four levels of functionality were divided equally. By the 90–100 year range, 60% would be considered frail because of very poor functionality and only 5% still possessed good functionality.
1629:
Originally, the purpose of old age pensions was to prevent elderly people from being reduced to beggary, which is still common in some underdeveloped countries, but growing life expectancies and older populations have brought into question the model under which pension systems were designed. By 1990,
1507:
Newman & Newman also proposed a ninth stage of life, Elderhood. Elderhood refers to those individuals who live past the life expectancy of their birth cohorts. They described two different types of people in this stage of life. The "young old" are the healthy individuals who can function on their
1428:
In a
British 20-year longitudinal study, less than half of the old people surveyed said that religion was "very important" to them, and a quarter said they had become less religious in old age. The late-life rise in religiosity is stronger in Japan than in the United States, but in the Netherlands it
966:
depict a few common perceptions on old age. One writer notices the change in his parents: They move slowly, they have less strength, they repeat stories, their minds wander, and they fret. Another writer sees her aged parents and is bewildered: They refuse to follow her advice, they are obsessed with
699:
A basic mark of old age that affects both body and mind is "slowness of behavior". The term describes a correlation between advancing age and slowness of reaction and physical and mental task performance. However, studies from
Buffalo University and Northwestern University have shown that the elderly
628:
The age of 65 has long been considered the benchmark for senior citizenship in numerous countries. This convention originated from
Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's introduction of the pension system in Germany during the late 19th century. Bismarck's legislation set the retirement age at 70, with 65 as
1583:
The number of elderly people worldwide began to surge in the second half of the 20th century. In developed countries before then, five or less percent of the population was over 65. Few lived longer than their 70s and people who attained advanced age (i.e. their 80s) were rare enough to be a novelty
1274:
In Norway, a 20-year longitudinal study of 400 people found that bodily failure and greater dependence became prevalent in the 80+ years. The study calls these years the "fourth age" or "old age in the real meaning of the term". Similarly, the "Berlin Aging Study" rated overall functionality on four
691:
The distinguishing characteristics of old age are both physical and mental. The marks of old age are so unlike the marks of middle age that legal scholar
Richard Posner suggests that, as an individual transitions into old age, that person can be thought of as different people "time-sharing" the same
1625:
In 2003, the age at which a United States citizen became eligible for full Social
Security benefits began to increase gradually, and will continue to do so until it reaches 67 in 2027. Full retirement age for Social Security benefits for people retiring in 2012 is age 66. In the United Kingdom, the
1461:
The growing number of people living to their 80s and 90s in the developed world has strained public welfare systems and has also resulted in increased incidence of diseases like cancer and dementia that were rarely seen in premodern times. When the United States Social
Security program was created,
1424:
In the United States, 90% of old age
Hispanics view themselves as very, quite, or somewhat religious. The Pew Research Center's study of black and white old people found that 62% of those in ages 65–74 and 70% in ages 75+ asserted that religion was "very important" to them. For all 65+ people, more
1051:
by interviews over a six-year period. In talking with 85-year-olds and older, they found some popular conceptions about old age to be erroneous. Such erroneous conceptions include (1) people in old age have at least one family member for support, (2) old age well-being requires social activity, and
556:
lists four dimensions: chronological, biological, psychological, and social. Wattis and Curran add a fifth dimension: developmental. Chronological age may differ considerably from a person's functional age. The distinguishing marks of old age normally occur in all five senses at different times and
529:
have recognized that people experience very different conditions as they approach old age. In developed countries, many people in their later 60s and 70s (frequently called "early old age") are still fit, active, and able to care for themselves. However, after 80, they generally become increasingly
1550:
of old age argues that disengagement in old age occurs not by desire, but by the barriers to social engagement imposed by society. This theory has been faulted for not factoring in psychological changes that occur in old age as shown by reduced activity, even when available. It has also been found
1348:
According to a study by the Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the rate of emergency department visits was consistently highest among patients ages 85 years and older in 2006–2011 in the United States. Additionally, patients aged 65+ had the highest percentage of hospital stays for
848:
in both men and women. Increasing research on sexual behavior and desires in later life is challenging the "asexual" image of older adults. People aged 75–102 do experience sensuality and sexual pleasure. Sexual attitudes and identity are established in early adulthood and change little. Sexuality
537:
Therefore, rather than lumping together all people who have been defined as old, some gerontologists have recognized the diversity of old age by defining sub-groups. One study distinguishes the young-old (60 to 69), the middle-old (70 to 79), and the very old (80+). Another study's sub-grouping is
1564:
also depicts how people maintain continuity in old age. The focus of this theory is continuity sustained by social networks, albeit networks narrowed by choice and by circumstances. The choice is for more harmonious relationships. The circumstances are loss of relationships by death and distance.
1412:
found that the more frail people were, the more "pain, suffering, and struggles" they were enduring, the more likely they were to "accept and welcome" death as a release from their misery. Their fear about the process of dying was that it would prolong their distress. Besides being a release from
1432:
In the practice of religion, a study of 60+ people found that 25% read the Bible every day and over 40% watch religious television. Pew
Research found that in the age 65+ range, 75% of whites and 87% of blacks pray daily. When comparing religiosity, the individual practice may be a more accurate
1079:
of Greek and Roman cultures, old age was denigrated as a time of "decline and decrepitude". "Beauty and strength" were esteemed and old age was viewed as defiling and ugly. Old age was reckoned as one of the unanswerable "great mysteries" along with evil, pain, and suffering. "Decrepitude, which
1673:
A Swedish study found that at age 76, 46% of the subjects used assistive devices. When they reached age 86, 69% used them. The subjects were ambivalent regarding the use of the assistive devices: as "enablers" or as "disablers". People who view assistive devices as enabling greater independence
1266:
Frailty is a common condition in later old age but different definitions of frailty produce diverse assessments of prevalence. One study placed the incidence of frailty for ages 65+ at 10.7%. Another study placed the incidence of frailty in age 65+ population at 22% for women and 15% for men. A
1083:
Historical periods reveal a mixed picture of the "position and status" of old people, but there has never been a "golden age of aging". Studies have challenged the popular belief that in the past old people were venerated by society and cared for by their families. Veneration for and antagonism
849:
remains important throughout life, and the sexual expression of "typical, healthy older persons is a relatively neglected topic of research". Other known sexual behaviors in older age groups include sexual thoughts, fantasies, and dreams; masturbation; oral sex; and vaginal and anal intercourse.
1587:
Before the surge in the over-65 population, accidents and disease claimed many people before they could attain old age, and health problems in those over 65 meant a quick death in most cases. If a person lived to an advanced age, it was generally due to genetic factors and/or a relatively easy
1404:
found "progressive terminal decline" in the year prior to death: constant fatigue, much sleep, detachment from people, things, and activities, simplified lives. Most of the interviewees did not fear death; some would welcome it. One person said, "Living this long is pure hell." However, nearly
615:
claimed on several occasions that his father Isaac Hirschfeld invented the term "senior citizen". It has come into widespread use in recent decades in legislation, commerce, and common speech. Especially in less formal contexts, it is often abbreviated as "senior(s)", which is also used as an
517:
Regional Office for Africa set the beginning of old age in Sub-Saharan Africa at 50. This lower threshold stems primarily from a different way of thinking about old age in developing nations. Unlike in the developed world, where chronological age determines retirement, societies in developing
1141:
Attitudes toward old age well-being vary somewhat between cultures. For example, in the United States, being healthy, physically, and socially active are signs of a good old age. On the other hand, Africans focus more on food and material security and a helpful family when describing old age
894:
Agreeability: Despite the stressfulness of old age, the words "agreeable" and "accepting" are used commonly to describe people of old age. However, in some people, the dependence that comes with old age induces feelings of incompetence and worthlessness from having to rely on others for many
541:
Two British scholars, Paul Higgs and Chris Gilleard, have added a "fourth age" sub-group. In British English, the "third age" is "the period in life of active retirement, following middle age". Higgs and Gilleard describe the fourth age as "an arena of inactive, unhealthy, unproductive, and
1064:
concludes that "it is clear that always and everywhere youth has been preferred to old age". In Western thought, "old age is an evil, an infirmity and a dreary time of preparation for death". Furthermore, death is often preferred over "decrepitude, because death means deliverance".
557:
at different rates for different people. In addition to chronological age, people can be considered old because of the other dimensions of old age. For example, people may be considered old when they become grandparents or when they begin to do less or different work in retirement.
1304:
required for personal care, add emotional problems: depression and anxiety. In sum, frailty has been depicted as a group of "complex issues", distinct but "causally interconnected", that often include "comorbid diseases", progressive weakness, stress, exhaustion, and depression.
1397:, that is, they have three or more chronic conditions. Medical advances have made it possible to "postpone death", but in many cases this postponement adds "prolonged sickness, dependence, pain, and suffering", a time that is costly in social, psychological, and economic terms.
1270:
A worldwide study of "patterns of frailty" based on data from 20 nations found (a) a consistent correlation between frailty and age, (b) a higher frequency among women, and (c) more frailty in wealthier nations where greater support and medical care increases longevity.
1126:'s utopian nation "had a custom, not to live longer than sixty five years". At that age, they practiced self-immolation. Rather than condemn the practice, Bishop Guevara called it a "golden world" in which people "have overcome the natural appetite to desire to live".
673:(OAS) pension is available at 65 (the Conservative government of Stephen Harper had planned to gradually increase the age of eligibility to 67, starting in the years 2023–2029, although the Liberal government of Justin Trudeau is considering leaving it at 65), and the
1441:
In the industrialized countries, life expectancy and, thus, the old age population have increased consistently over the last decades. In the United States the proportion of people aged 65 or older increased from 4% in 1900 to about 12% in 2000. In 1900, only about
1250:, distinguished by "bodily failure" and greater dependence, becomes increasingly common from around age 80. In the United States, hospital discharge data from 2003 to 2011 shows that injury was the most common reason for hospitalization among patients aged 65+.
712:
Bone and joint problems: Old bones are marked by "thinning and shrinkage". This might result in a loss of height (about two inches (5 cm) by age 80), a stooping posture in many people, and a greater susceptibility to bone and joint diseases such as
538:
young-old (65 to 74), middle-old (75 to 84), and oldest-old (85+). A third sub-grouping is young-old (65 to 74), old (74 to 84), and old-old (85+). Describing sub-groups in the 65+ population enables a more accurate portrayal of significant life changes.
1381:
is based on interviews with 109 people in the 70–90 age range, with a mean age of 80.7. Almost 20% of the people wanted to use whatever treatment that might postpone death. About the same number said that, given a terminal illness, they would choose
508:
Most developed Western countries set the retirement age around the age of 65; this is also generally considered to mark the transition from middle to old age. Reaching this age is commonly a requirement to become eligible for senior social programs.
1584:
and were revered as wise sages. The worldwide over-65 population in 1960 was one-third of the under-5 population. By 2013, the over-65 population had grown to equal the under-5 population and is projected to double the under-5 population by 2050.
1031:
Writing at the age of 87, Mary C. Morrison describes the "heroism" required by old age: to live through the disintegration of one's own body or that of someone you love. Morrison concludes, "old age is not for the fainthearted". In the book
770:
can occur by age 50 and it hinders reading, especially of small print in low lighting. The speed with which an individual reads and the ability to locate objects may also be impaired. By age 80, more than half of all Americans either have a
1662:
In the United States in 2008, 11 million people aged 65+ lived alone: 5 million or 22% of ages 65–74, 4 million or 34% of ages 75–84, and 2 million or 41% of ages 85+. The 2007 gender breakdown for all people 65+ was men 19% and women 39%.
5848:
Vlachogiannis NI, Ntouros PA, Pappa M, Kravvariti E, Kostaki EG, Fragoulis GE, Papanikolaou C, Mavroeidi D, Bournia VK, Panopoulos S, Laskari K, Arida A, Gorgoulis VG, Tektonidou MG, Paraskevis D, Sfikakis PP, Souliotis VL (April 2023).
1697:
in which a family member, volunteer, or trained professional will aid the person in need and help with daily activities. Another option is community services which can provide the person with transportation, meal plans, or activities in
1504:. As she wrote, she added the ninth stage because the Integrity of the eighth stage imposes "a serious demand on the senses of elders" and the Wisdom of the eighth stage requires capacities that ninth stage elders "do not usually have".
1360:, Michael R. Gillick M.D. argues that appropriate medical treatment for the frail is not the same as for the robust. The frail are vulnerable to "being tipped over" by any physical stress put on the system such as medical interventions.
915:
in old age, especially among the frail, sometimes weighs more heavily than concerns about finances or health and restricts what they do. The fear persists in spite of the fact that old people are victims of crime less often than younger
1344:
Frail people require a high level of care. Medical advances have made it possible to extend life, or "postpone death", at old age for years. This added time costs many frail people "prolonged sickness, dependence, pain, and suffering".
1295:
Old age survivors on average deteriorate from agility in their early retirement years (65-79) to a period of frailty preceding death. This deterioration is gradual for some and precipitous for others. Frailty is marked by an array of
1446:
of the nation's citizens were 65 or older (out of 76 million total American citizens). By 2000, the number of senior citizens had increased to about 35 million (of 280 million US citizens). Population experts estimate that more than
925:
affect about 15% of people aged 60+ according to estimates by the World Health Organization. Another survey taken in 15 countries reported that mental disorders of adults interfered with their daily activities more than physical
512:
Old age cannot be universally defined because it is context-sensitive. The United Nations, for example, considers old age to be 60 years or older. In contrast, a 2001 joint report by the U.S. National Institute on Aging and the
809:
Hearing loss: By age 75, 48% of men and 37% of women have lost at least some significant hearing. Of the 26.7 million people over age 50 with a hearing impairment, one seventh use hearing aids. In the 70–79 age range, partial
1693:(IADL) required for independent living. Projections place this number at 21 million by 2030 when 40% of Americans over 70 will need assistance. There are many options for such long-term care to those who require it. There is
1017:
Minois comments that the scribe's "cry shows that nothing has changed in the drama of decrepitude between the age of the Pharaoh and the atomic age" and "expresses all the anguish of old people in the past and the present".
3561:
cf. Table 6 in: Harold A. Kahn, Howard M. Leibowitz, James P. Ganley, Mohandas M. Kini, Theodore Colton, Rita S. Nickerson, Thomas R. Dawber (1977). "The Framingham Eye Study I. Outline And Major Prevalence Findings".
424:. Old age is not a definite biological stage: the chronological age denoted as "old age" varies culturally and historically. Some disciplines and domains focus on the aging and the aged, such as the organic processes of
1579:
In most parts of the world, women, on average, live longer than men; even so, the disparities vary between 12 years in Russia to no difference or higher life expectancy for men in countries such as Zimbabwe and Uganda.
5735:"Patterns of Frailty in Older Adults: Comparing Results from Higher and Lower Income Countries Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE)"
4028:
Singh A, Akkala S, Nayak M, Kotlo A, Poondla N, Raza S, Stankovich J, Antony B. Impact of Pain on Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA).
1157:, a book about the test, reports that 80% of Americans have an "automatic preference for the young over old" and that attitude is true worldwide. The young are "consistent in their negative attitude" toward the old.
695:
These marks do not occur at the same chronological age for everyone. Also, they occur at different rates and order for different people. Marks of old age can easily vary between people of the same chronological age.
3034:
830:
Mobility impairment or loss: "Impairment in mobility affects 14% of those between 65 and 74, half of those over 85." Loss of mobility is common in old people and has serious "social, psychological, and physical
3819:
Feder, K.; Michaud, D.; Ramage-Morin, P.; McNamee, J.; Beauregard, Y. (2015). "Prevalence of hearing loss among Canadians aged 20 to 79: Audiometric results from the 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey".
785:: Old age increases the risk of injury from falls. Every year, about a third of those 65 years old and more than half of those 80 years old fall. Falls are the leading cause of injury and death for old people.
1355:
Medical treatments in the final days are not only economically costly, they are often unnecessary or even harmful. Nortin Hadler, M.D. warns against the tendency to medicalize and overtreat the frail. In her
1291:
Three unique markers of frailty have been proposed: (a) loss of any notion of invincibility, (b) loss of ability to do things essential to one's care, and (c) loss of possibility for a subsequent life stage.
1087:
In ancient times, those who were frail were seen as a burden and ignored or, in extreme cases, killed. People were defined as "old" because of their inability to perform useful tasks rather than their years.
6399:
1997:
603:
It is used in general usage instead of traditional terms such as "old person", "old-age pensioner", or "elderly" as a courtesy and to signify continuing relevance of and respect for this population group as
2306:
Gorman M. Development and the rights of older people. In: Randel J, et al., eds. The ageing and development report: poverty, independence and the world's older people. London, Earthscan Publications Ltd.,
1179:
wrote that "there is one form of experience that belongs only to those that are old – that of old age itself". Nevertheless, simulations of old age attempt to help younger people gain some understanding.
1724:
used humor and the poignant adventures of 30 seniors who attend a speed dating event for 70 to 90-year-olds and discover how the search for romance changes—or does not change—from childhood to old age.
7603:
6126:
1386:. Roughly half chose doing nothing except live day by day until death comes naturally without medical or other intervention designed to prolong life. This choice was coupled with a desire to receive
757:
Digestive system issues: About 40% of the time, old age is marked by digestive disorders such as difficulty in swallowing, inability to eat enough and to absorb nutrition, constipation and bleeding.
5982:
1465:
Of the roughly 150,000 people who die each day across the globe, about two thirds—100,000 per day—die of age-related causes. In industrialized nations, the proportion is much higher, reaching 90%.
2245:
1458:
and increases in the provision and standards of health care. By 2050, 33% of the developed world's population and almost 20% of the less developed world's population will be over 60 years old.
1263:
proposed a general definition of frailty as "a physical state of increased vulnerability to stressors that results from decreased reserves and disregulation in multiple physiological systems".
3699:
629:
the age at which individuals could start receiving a pension. This age standard gradually gained acceptance in other nations and has since become deeply entrenched in public consciousness.
1682:
aim to combat such age-related prejudice by educating the public about the importance of appreciating growing older, while also providing services of kindness to elders in senior homes.
792:
normally change with old age. Speed slows after age 70. Time with both feet on the ground ("double stance") increases. Old people sometimes move as if they were walking carefully on ice.
3177:
933:
is common in old age due to the brain's decreased ability to encode, store, and retrieve information. It takes more time to learn the same amount of new information. The prevalence of
6659:
2785:
986:
Early old age can be a pleasant time; children are grown, work is over, and there is time to pursue other interests. Many old people are also willing to get involved in community and
6580:
7564:
3974:
1595:
at an average age of 115, with an absolute upper limit of 125 years. However, the concept of a maximum lifespan of humans is still widely debated among the scientific community.
6952:
2179:
1558:, in spite of the inevitable differences imposed by their old age, most people try to maintain continuity in personhood, activities, and relationships with their younger days.
1352:
These final years are also costly in economic terms. One out of every four Medicare dollars is spent on the frail in their last year of life ... in attempts to postpone death.
8205:
380:
2150:
858:
Trouble sleeping and daytime sleepiness affect more than half of seniors. In a study of 9,000 people with a mean age of 74, only 12% reported no sleep complaints. By age 65,
8225:
7046:
5518:
6191:
1508:
own without assistance and can complete their daily tasks independently, while the "old old" are those who depend on specific services due to declining health or diseases.
3030:
1145:
Research on age-related attitudes consistently finds that negative attitudes exceed positive attitudes toward old people because of their looks and behavior. In his study
898:
Caution follows closely with old age. This antipathy toward "risk-taking" often stems from the fact that old people have less to gain and more to lose than younger people.
8230:
1363:
In addition to everyday care, frail elderly people and others with disabilities are particularly vulnerable during natural disasters. They may be unable or unwilling to
1084:
toward the aged have coexisted in complex relationships throughout history. "Old people were respected or despised, honoured or put to death according to circumstance."
7397:
6097:
1013:
The heart is forgetful and cannot recall yesterday. The bone suffers old age. Good is become evil. All taste is gone. What old age does to men is evil in every respect.
8292:
8267:
5633:
Collard, Rose M.; Boter, Han; Schoevers, Robert A.; Oude Voshaar, Richard C. (2012). "Prevalence of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Persons: A Systematic Review".
6391:
3458:
1766:
5087:
1036:, the 150 interviewees had to cope with physical and mental debilitation and with losses of loved ones. One interviewee described living in old age as "pure hell".
1973:
5944:
2212:
1739:
8332:
7091:
4432:
1138:
observed that "aged individuals are often ostracized, neglected, and overlooked; elders are seen no longer as bearers of wisdom but as embodiments of shame".
1005:
writes that the first man known to talk about his old age was an Egyptian scribe who lived 4,500 years ago. The scribe addressed God with a prayer of lament:
451:
Old people often have limited regenerative abilities and are more susceptible to illness and injury than younger adults. They face social problems related to
8297:
6118:
1425:
women (76%) than men (53%) and more blacks (87%) than whites (63%) consider religion "very important" to them. This compares to 54% in the 30–49 age range.
8157:
941:
accounts for 50 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Demented behavior can include wandering, physical aggression, verbal outbursts, depression, and psychosis.
5966:
8337:
8167:
8162:
7119:
1777:
1451:
Americans—about 17 percent of the population—will be 65 or older in 2020. By 2050, it is projected that at least 400,000 Americans will be 100 or older.
1433:
measure than participation in organized religion. With organized religion, participation may often be hindered due to transportation or health problems.
7364:
5154:"The diall of princes: by Don Anthony of Guevara: tr. by Sir Thomas ... – Full View | HathiTrust Digital Library | HathiTrust Digital Library"
2282:
1028:
with "getting old sucks. It always has, it always will." Dr. Rubin contrasts the "real old age" with the "rosy pictures" painted by middle-age writers.
8342:
8302:
7117:
Häggblom-Kronlöf, Greta; Sonn, Ulla (1 January 2007). "Use of assistive devices – a reality full of contradictions in elderly persons' everyday life".
6043:
2183:
1413:
misery, some saw death as a way to reunite with deceased loved ones. Others saw death as a way to free their caretakers from the burden of their care.
1300:
physical and mental problems which means that frailty is not treatable as a specific disease. These problems, coupled with increased dependency in the
373:
321:
4932:
Chawla, Kavita; Kunonga, Tafadzwa Patience; Stow, Daniel; Barker, Robert; Craig, Dawn; Hanratty, Barbara (2021-07-26). Aslam, Muhammad Shahzad (ed.).
3798:
3611:
2234:
1161:
documents that Americans generally have "little tolerance for older persons and very few reservations about harboring negative attitudes" about them.
8385:
8375:
8262:
7267:"Care and support networks of community-dwelling frail individuals in North West London: a comparison of patient and healthcare workers' perceptions"
6860:
6249:
3411:"Determinants of prognosis of COPD in the elderly: mucus hypersecretion, infections, cardiovascular comorbidity | European Respiratory Society"
728:
and many have multiple conditions. In 2007–2009, the most frequently occurring conditions among older people in the United States were uncontrolled
8282:
3378:
1099:, he wrote that "old people are miserly; they do not acknowledge disinterested friendship; only seeking for what can satisfy their selfish needs".
993:
7502:
3691:
1256:
note the lack of research regarding and the difficulty in defining frailty. However, they add that physicians recognize frailty when they see it.
8277:
8118:
6362:
3669:
1490:
1246:
Most people in the age range of 65–79 (the years of retirement and early old age) enjoy rich possibilities for a full life, but the condition of
311:
6428:
4333:
2807:
647:". The age at which these discounts are available varies from 55, 60, 62 or 65 upwards, and other criteria may also apply. Sometimes a special "
8317:
4008:
1576:
by nation at birth in the year 2011 ranged from 48 years to 82 years. Low values generally indicate high death rates for infants and children.
7586:
3733:
2931:
1011:
The eyes are weak, the ears are deaf, the strength is disappearing because of weariness of the heart and the mouth is silent and cannot speak.
1009:
O Sovereign my Lord! Oldness has come; old age has descended. Feebleness has arrived; dotage is here anew. The heart sleeps wearily every day.
8242:
8184:
8179:
4359:
Volkert D, Kreuel K, Stehle P (2005). "Fluid intake of community-living, independent elderly in Germany-a nationwide, representative study".
3848:
3184:
366:
6651:
6295:"Table 26: Life expectancy at birth, at 65 years of age, and at 75 years of age by race and sex: United States, selected years, 1900 – 2005"
3632:
3084:
2777:
8322:
8307:
8272:
8215:
8210:
8152:
4466:
Cox, W. T. L.; Abramson, L. Y.; Devine, P. G.; Hollon, S. D. (2012). "Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Depression: The Integrated Perspective".
1868:
6587:
8380:
8370:
8312:
8220:
7675:
4667:
2723:"Oxford Learner's Dictionaries | Find the meanings, definitions, pictures, pronunciation of words at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com"
632:
The age which qualifies for senior citizen status varies widely. In governmental contexts, it is usually associated with an age at which
326:
7006:
James H. Schulz and Robert H. Binstock, Aging Nation: The Economics and Politics of Growing Older in America (Johns Hopkins, 2008). 3–4.
6770:
5851:"Chronological Age and DNA Damage Accumulation in Blood Mononuclear Cells: A Linear Association in Healthy Humans after 50 Years of Age"
4073:
3966:
3265:
8360:
8327:
8247:
8235:
8174:
7077:
6734:
6611:
6301:
6280:
5583:
3323:
6941:
6890:
5484:
2701:
1375:
Old age, death, and frailty are closely linked, with approximately half the deaths in old age preceded by months or years of frailty.
8287:
8053:
7561:
3515:
1750:
6470:
5393:
5322:
3540:
3340:
1421:
Generally speaking, old people have always been more religious than young people. At the same time, wide cultural variations exist.
8365:
8257:
8252:
8189:
6760:"The World Health Report 2004 : Annex Table 2 Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions, a estimates for 2002"
4769:
2134:
7170:
7053:
5612:
4618:
3063:
2844:
795:
Hair usually turns gray and may become thinner. About age 50, about 50% of Europeans have 50% grey hair. Many men are affected by
600:
is often used for legal or policy-related reasons in determining who is eligible for certain benefits available to the age group.
6148:
5800:
4517:
3940:
2547:
1690:
7332:
6985:
6338:
4246:
3487:
1039:
Research has shown that in high-income countries, on average, one in four people over 60 and one in three over 75 feels lonely.
998:
7839:
5437:
5211:; Fry, Christine; Glascock, Anthony; Ikels, Charlotte; Dickerson-Putman, Jeanette; Harpending, Henry; Draper, Patricia (1994).
3577:
2730:
1267:
Canadian study illustrated how frailty increases with age and calculated the prevalence for 65+ as 22.4% and for 85+ as 43.7%.
152:
5510:
7575:
7389:
6392:"Living to 120 and Beyond: Americans' Views on Aging, Medical Advances and Radical Life Extension | Pew Research Center"
6305:
6081:
5230:
3911:
1536:
Social theories, or concepts, propose explanations for the distinctive relationships between old people and their societies.
490:
336:
6919:
2113:
8420:
8147:
763:(ET): An uncontrollable shaking in a part of the upper body. It is more common in the elderly and symptoms worsen with age.
3882:
3450:
2055:
7922:
7635:
2751:
2084:
2026:
5936:
5712:
8493:
8415:
5017:
4598:
3587:
2905:
2667:
2205:
1893:
1888:
1733:
Scholarly literature has emerged, especially in Britain, showing historical trends in the visual depiction of old age.
6230:
6015:
5688:
5559:
5192:
5097:
5045:
4916:
4860:
4651:
3209:
Birren, J E; Fisher, L M (1995). "Aging and Speed of Behavior: Possible Consequences for Psychological Functioning".
3161:
2941:
2882:
2635:
2582:
2386:
1991:
1561:
1239:
246:
4428:
573:. It implies that the person being referred to is retired. This in turn usually implies that the person is over the
8554:
8065:
7095:
1706:
where 24-hour round-the-clock supervision is given with aid in eating, bathing, dressing, etc. A final option is a
1686:
1312:
in a linear fashion in cellular DNA. Other forms of DNA damage also increase with age. After age 50 a decline in
1309:
1301:
5065:
1405:
everyone feared a long process of dying. Some wanted to die in their sleep; others wanted to die "on their feet".
593:
in American English. Some dictionaries describe widespread use of "senior citizen" for people over the age of 65.
8595:
8590:
7668:
6689:
1615:
1455:
1193:
Sight: Wearing swimmer's goggles with black paper pasted to lens with only a small hole to simulate tunnel vision
1142:
well-being. Additionally, Koreans are more anxious about aging and more scared of old people than Americans are.
834:
Pain: 25% of seniors have chronic pain, increasing with age, up to 80% of those in nursing homes. Most pains are
662:
allows couples in which one spouse has reached the age of 50 to join, regardless of the age of the other spouse.
948:". Explanations include old age's toll on "fluid intelligence" and the "more deeply entrenched" ways of the old.
8605:
7199:
6981:
4934:"Prevalence of loneliness amongst older people in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
3291:
1961:
1619:
990:
to promote their well-being. In contrast, perceptions of old age by writers 80+ years old tend to be negative.
331:
8498:
7684:
6035:
5139:
2271:
1685:
Even with assistive devices as of 2006, 8.5 million Americans needed personal assistance because of impaired
1072:; it was both the source of wisdom and of infirmity, experience and decrepitude, of prestige and suffering."
79:
7353:
881:
Vocal cords weaken and vibrate more slowly. This results in a weakened, breathy voice, "old person's voice".
500:
Definitions of old age include official definitions, sub-group definitions, and four dimensions as follows.
8425:
7718:
6370:
5113:
3967:"Two questions can reveal mobility problems in seniors – Harvard Health Blog – Harvard Health Publications"
3790:
3603:
3005:
2171:
1666:
Many new assistive devices made especially for the home have enabled more old people to care for their own
1336:
291:
17:
7433:"Imagery and imaginary of islander identity: Older people and migration in Irish small-island communities"
6850:
6256:
4094:
Bretschneider, Judy G. (1988). "Sexual interest and behavior in healthy 80- to 102-year-olds – Springer".
1349:
adults with multiple chronic conditions but the second highest percentage of hospital costs in 2003–2014.
7749:
6494:
De Grey, Aubrey D.N.J (2007). "Life Span Extension Research and Public Debate: Societal Considerations".
3385:
1720:
1626:
state pension age for men and women will rise to 66 in 2020 with further increases scheduled after that.
1233:
817:
Hearts can become less efficient in old age, lessening stamina. Atherosclerosis can constrict blood flow.
114:
6795:
Dong, Xiao; Milholland, Brandon; Vijg, Jan (October 5, 2016). "Evidence for a limit to human lifespan".
6628:(Cengage Learning, 2011), Ch 13 "Later Adulthood (60–75 Years)" and Ch 14, "Elderhood (75 until death)".
1183:
Texas A&M University offers a plan for an "Aging Simulation" workshop. The workshop is adapted from
8610:
8006:
7661:
7499:
6163:
4337:
3754:
Vary, Jay C. (1 November 2015). "Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages—Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis".
1667:
1317:
1285:
266:
71:
6420:
3661:
1149:, Posner discovers "resentment and disdain of older people" in American society. Harvard University's
636:
or medical benefits for the elderly become available. In commercial contexts, where it may serve as a
203:
8075:
8048:
7962:
7609:
2815:
1873:
1150:
514:
306:
7560:
at Association of Hospice & Palliative Care Chaplains or at The Center for Spiritual Resources,
3996:
1787:
7744:
7581:
6508:
3725:
1913:
316:
281:
251:
237:
42:
7562:
http://thecsr.org/resource-directory/im-old-an-essay-on-aging-by-milton-crum/#sthash.e87C5Jyc.dpuf
3852:
2980:
7915:
7597:
6710:
5967:"Trends and Projections in Hospital Stays for Adults With Multiple Chronic Conditions, 2003–2014"
3640:
3088:
1547:
5733:
Harttgen, Kenneth; Kowal, Paul; Strulik, Holger; Chatterji, Somnath; Vollmer, Sebastian (2013).
2272:"Indicators for the Minimum Data Set Project on Ageing: A Critical Review in sub-Saharan Africa"
8549:
8467:
8450:
8445:
7989:
6503:
3110:
Salokangas, R. K.; Joukamaa, M (1991). "Physical and mental health changes in retirement age".
2874:
1674:
accept and use them, whereas those who see them as symbols of disability reject them. However,
938:
845:
31:
4671:
868:
diminish by up to half by the age of 80. Food becomes less appealing and nutrition can suffer.
8518:
7972:
6759:
6553:
5488:
5485:"Songs of Innocence and of Experience, object 46 (Bentley 46, Erdman 46, Keynes 46) "LONDON""
4454:
Suicide and depression in late life: Critical issues in treatment, research and public policy
4069:
3257:
782:
256:
35:
7034:
The Not-so-golden Years: Caregiving, the Frail Elderly, and the Long-term Care Establishment
6882:
6723:
6709:
de Blij, Harm. The power of place. Geography, Destiny, and Globalization's Rough Landscape.
5575:
2697:
8580:
8018:
7967:
7698:
7444:
6804:
5746:
5153:
4945:
1983:
1679:
1622:, 65 (UK 60 for women) was traditionally the age of retirement with full old age benefits.
1540:
1364:
648:
208:
3662:"Important Facts about Falls | Home and Recreational Safety | CDC Injury Center"
3511:
8:
8600:
8539:
8457:
8083:
8060:
8030:
7481:
Wendy Martin, "Visual methods in ageing research" in Julia Twigg and Wendy Martin eds.,
5382:
5314:
4555:
4042:
3536:
1908:
1528:
1076:
902:
674:
188:
7616:
7448:
6808:
6462:
5877:
5850:
5750:
4949:
4735:
The Caregiver's Survival Handbook: Caring for Your Aging Parents Without Losing Yourself
3351:
3222:
1340:
Women at the On Lok Senior Health Services day care program in San Francisco, late 1970s
1211:
The Macklin Intergenerational Institute conducts Xtreme Aging workshops, as depicted in
8585:
8088:
7908:
7301:
7266:
7242:
7221:
7162:
7144:
6828:
6521:
6183:
5792:
5769:
5734:
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5604:
5283:
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4404:
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4217:
4163:
4138:
4119:
2867:
2836:
2516:
2491:
2472:
2460:
1297:
1176:
1134:
In the modern period, the cultural status of old people has declined in many cultures.
1123:
1117:
1110:
725:
611:
The term was apparently coined in 1938 during a political campaign. Famed caricaturist
89:
55:
49:
6331:
5900:
Gensler HL, Bernstein H (September 1981). "DNA damage as the primary cause of aging".
4310:
4285:
3933:
3055:
2752:"Bartleby.com: Great Books Online – Quotes, Poems, Novels, Classics and hundreds more"
2539:
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7306:
7288:
7247:
7229:
7136:
7071:
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6820:
6605:
6525:
6274:
6226:
6089:
6011:
5974:
5917:
5882:
5774:
5684:
5650:
5646:
5555:
5459:
5429:
5275:
5267:
5226:
5188:
5133:
5093:
5041:
5013:
4981:
4963:
4912:
4856:
4647:
4594:
4569:
4483:
4409:
4368:
4315:
4235:
4209:
4168:
4111:
3829:
3771:
3583:
3479:
3432:
3317:
3226:
3157:
3127:
2937:
2878:
2631:
2578:
2521:
2464:
2425:
2382:
2334:
1987:
1957:
1933:
1655:
1608:
1604:
1555:
1061:
354:
301:
276:
7596:
Milton Crum, "I'm Frail" at Association of Hospice & Palliative Care Chaplains,
7557:
7148:
6637:"Theory: A conception . . . of something to be done, or of the method of doing it."
6187:
5287:
4731:
Caring for Yourself While Caring for Your Aging Parents: How to Help, How to Survive
4221:
4123:
2722:
2476:
1772:
261:
8575:
8508:
8488:
8405:
8001:
7535:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7432:
7296:
7278:
7237:
7128:
6832:
6812:
6513:
6175:
6167:
5909:
5872:
5862:
5764:
5754:
5662:
5642:
5259:
5218:
4971:
4953:
4559:
4551:
4495:
4475:
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4305:
4297:
4201:
4158:
4150:
4103:
3763:
3422:
3218:
3119:
2511:
2503:
2456:
2415:
2326:
2142:
1979:
1928:
1588:
lifestyle, since diseases of old age could not be treated before the 20th century.
1383:
1247:
1024:, active in her 80s as an author, sociologist, and psychotherapist, opens her book
1021:
930:
922:
821:
776:
760:
670:
566:
531:
6294:
3903:
2447:; Wei, J. Y. (1992). "PTCA in the elderly: The "young-old" versus the "old-old"".
2206:"Medicare Eligibility Requirements – How to Qualify for Medicare – AARP Everyw..."
2105:
8132:
8013:
7952:
7889:
7805:
7590:
7568:
7506:
7354:"CBO : Rising Demand for Long-Term Services and Supports for Elderly People"
7265:
Sunkersing, David; Martin, Finbarr C.; Sullivan, Paul; Bell, Derek (2022-12-09).
6911:
6652:"An Overview of Cumming and Henrys Social Disengagement Theory by Michael Totten"
5759:
4958:
4791:
The Denial of Aging: Perpetual Youth, Eternal Life, and Other Dangerous Fantasies
4588:
4452:
Kennedy G.J. The epidemiology of late-life depression. In: Kennedy G. J, editor.
4205:
3692:"Gait Disorders in the Elderly – Geriatrics – Merck Manuals Professional Edition"
3427:
3410:
1918:
1818:
1703:
1573:
1387:
1068:"The problem of the ambiguity of old age has ... been with us since the stage of
987:
906:
859:
644:
570:
441:
397:
7653:
4143:
The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
658:, the standard retirement age is currently 66 (gradually increasing to 67). The
8544:
8103:
8070:
8040:
7984:
7829:
7283:
6855:
4189:
3874:
3767:
2444:
2047:
1838:
1699:
1394:
1069:
714:
574:
467:
141:
7132:
6171:
5263:
2755:
2626:
Phillips, Judith E.; Ajrouch, Kristine J.; Hillcoat-Nalletamby, Sarah (2010).
2496:
The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
2076:
2018:
8569:
8503:
8462:
8410:
7292:
7233:
7018:
6093:
5704:
5419:
by Marvin Ernst and Herbert Shore, Dallas Geriatric Research Institute, 1977.
5417:
Sensitizing People to the Processes of Aging: The In-Service Educator's Guide
5271:
4967:
4479:
2420:
2403:
2146:
1898:
1883:
1858:
1833:
1521:
1228:
912:
751:
655:
612:
486:
7540:
7523:
5605:"Dysregulation Medical Definition | Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary"
5248:"Perceptions of Aging in Two Cultures: Korean and American Views on Old Age"
5247:
4154:
4038:
4034:
3245:
The Graying of America: An Encyclopedia of Aging, Health, Mind, and Behavior
2909:
2675:
2507:
1454:
The number of old people is growing around the world chiefly because of the
8108:
8098:
8093:
7549:
7310:
7251:
7140:
6824:
6517:
5978:
5886:
5778:
5654:
5279:
5212:
5208:
4985:
4573:
4487:
4372:
4319:
4213:
4192:(1 March 2012). "Sexual Expression in Later Life: A Review and Synthesis".
4172:
3833:
3775:
3436:
2525:
2429:
2338:
1923:
1863:
1853:
1745:
1707:
1675:
1497:
1486:
1478:
1199:
Touch: Trying to button a shirt or buckle a belt while wearing thick gloves
1135:
975:
811:
789:
747:
729:
718:
445:
6626:
Development Through Life: A Psychosocial Approach: A Psychosocial Approach
5921:
5222:
4762:"Elderly Communication | Communicating with Stubborn Elderly Parents"
4727:
Coping With Your Difficult Older Parent: A Guide for Stressed-Out Children
4413:
4236:"Sex, romance, and relationships. AARP Survey of Midlife and Older adults"
4115:
3230:
3131:
2492:"Total Water Intakes of Community-Living Middle-Old and Oldest-Old Adults"
2468:
2330:
1102:
The Medieval and Renaissance periods depicted old age as "cruel or weak".
8437:
7996:
7979:
7884:
7851:
7834:
6846:
5867:
4301:
1954:
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition
1878:
1848:
1843:
1643:
1253:
1106:
735:
Chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH), defined as "coughing and bringing up
552:
526:
433:
271:
157:
146:
6816:
6119:"Multimorbidity | Johns Hopkins Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology"
1638:
937:
increases in old age from about 10% at age 65 to about 50% over age 85.
478:
7957:
7856:
7771:
7734:
7628:
7417:
Andrew Blaikie, "Beside the sea: Visual imagery, ageing and heritage".
6179:
6065:
Rethinking Aging: Growing Old and Living Well in an Overtreated Society
5114:"World History Project: World History from Mesopotamia to World War II"
5061:
4748:
How to Say It to Seniors: Closing the Communication Gap with Our Elders
4107:
1313:
1260:
1153:
measures implicit "attitudes and beliefs" about "Young vis a vis Old".
963:
839:
835:
767:
456:
452:
437:
429:
198:
162:
7467:
6681:
4139:"The National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project: An Introduction"
3123:
944:
Stubbornness: A study of over 400 seniors found a "preference for the
8534:
8513:
7931:
7810:
6221:
Kimble, Melvin A.; McFadden, Susan H.; Ellor, James W., eds. (1995).
2936:. Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. February 1, 2000. p. 10.
1903:
1694:
1227:
An image of an elderly man being guided by a young child accompanies
1205:
Mobility and balance: Carry packages in one hand while using a walker
1092:
999:
875:
perception decreases, so that 41% of the elderly do not drink enough.
865:
855:
Wounds take longer to heal and are likelier to leave permanent scars.
803:
796:
637:
617:
444:), and leisure and sport activities adapted to older people (such as
218:
193:
60:
6082:"When You're Elderly and Ill and a Storm Is Coming (Published 2018)"
5217:. Thousand Oaks, California, United States: SAGE Publications, Inc.
3298:
2837:"senior citizen – Definition from Longman English Dictionary Online"
5913:
5847:
5681:
Choosing Medical Care in Old Age: What Kind, How Much, When to Stop
5511:"Trends and Projections of U.S. Hospital Costs by Payer, 2003–2013"
2873:(5th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar/Thomson Learning. p.
945:
934:
772:
686:
640:
device to attract customers, the age is often significantly lower.
494:
5973:(183). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
5943:(179). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
5517:(176). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
2625:
2106:"Jeremy Hunt highlights plight of 'chronically lonely' – BBC News"
1516:
651:" or other proof of age needs to be produced to show entitlement.
534:, a condition marked by serious mental and physical debilitation.
7800:
7754:
7645:
5632:
4334:"Aging and energy: Why energy levels go down as... | Gather"
1650:
1473:
1328:
852:
Skin loses elasticity and gets drier and more lined and wrinkled.
643:
In commerce, some businesses offer customers of a certain age a "
633:
605:
213:
130:
7191:
5576:"Stressors | definition of stressors by Medical dictionary"
2048:"Gerontology – definition of gerontology by The Free Dictionary"
1400:
The longitudinal interviews of 150 age 85+ people summarized in
7939:
7795:
7766:
7708:
7703:
6851:"What's the Longest Humans Can Live? 115 Years, New Study Says"
5214:
The Aging Experience: Diversity and Commonality across Cultures
4802:
Waneen Wyrick Spirduso, Karen L. Francis, Priscilla G. MacRae,
3818:
2180:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
1828:
1823:
1793:
1592:
1316:
capability also occurs. These findings are in accord with the
1223:
1165:
872:
814:
affecting communication rises to 65%, mostly in low-income men.
743:
736:
666:
565:
Senior citizen is a common euphemism for an old person used in
460:
223:
125:
109:
104:
7598:
http://www.ahpcc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/imfrail.pdf
5793:"Nortin M. Hadler: Books, Biography, Blog, Audiobooks, Kindle"
5383:"Aging Simulation: Sensitizing People to the Process of Aging"
3904:"Aging changes in the lungs: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
3480:"Essential Tremor: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment"
2317:
Shahar, Shulamith (1993). "Who were Old in the Middle Ages?".
2077:"Geriatrics – definition of geriatrics by The Free Dictionary"
2019:"Senescence – definition of senescence by The Free Dictionary"
1591:
In October 2016, a group of scientists identified the maximum
967:
the past, they avoid risk, and they live at a "glacial pace".
30:"Elderly" and "Old people" redirect here. For other uses, see
8483:
7868:
7846:
7824:
7815:
7776:
7713:
6489:
6487:
5965:
Steiner CA, Barett ML, Weiss AJ, Andrews RM (November 2014).
5732:
1202:
Dexterity: Unscrew a jar lid with tape around several fingers
425:
228:
172:
136:
119:
48:"The Elderly" redirects here. For the 2022 Spanish film, see
7900:
7264:
5552:
Vulnerable Older Adults: Health Care Needs and Interventions
4290:
Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
3451:"Helping Your Elder with Grooming and Hygiene – For Dummies"
2808:"senior citizen Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
2135:"How can we reduce the toll of loneliness in older adults?"
1551:
that happiness in old age is not proportional to activity.
659:
6484:
5483:
Eaves, Morris; Essick, Robert N.; Viscomi, Joseph (eds.).
1196:
Hearing: Use ear plugs to dull the sound of people talking
470:
proposed a human-rights convention to protect old people.
6978:"Age To Receive Full Social Security Retirement Benefits"
6216:
6214:
6212:
5964:
5934:
5460:"TODAY Video – Latest TODAY show clips, news & video"
2402:
Torpy, Janet M.; Lynm, Cassio; Glass, Richard M. (2006).
1113:
allowed no decrepit old people in their fictional lands.
827:
Lungs may expand less efficiently, providing less oxygen.
700:
are a happier age group than their younger counterparts.
7431:
Burholt, Vanessa; Scharf, Thomas; Walsh, Kieran (2013).
5357:
Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Older Persons
4816:
4814:
4812:
4644:
Never Say Die: The Myth and Marketing of the New Old Age
4286:"Sleep in the Elderly: Burden, Diagnosis, and Treatment"
6223:
Aging, Spirituality, and Religion. Volume 1: A Handbook
5935:
Skiner HG, Blanchard J, Elixhauser A (September 2014).
5062:"The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions"
4931:
4465:
1318:
theory that DNA damage is a fundamental aspect of aging
396:
is the range of ages for people nearing and surpassing
6209:
5705:"Prevalence of Frailty Increases Throughout Adulthood"
4067:
2865:
Waughfield, Claire G.; Burckhalter, Teresa S. (2002).
2490:
Zizza, C. A.; Ellison, K. J.; Wernette, C. M. (2009).
2442:
724:
Chronic diseases: Some older people have at least one
577:, which varies according to country. Synonyms include
7574:
Laura Carstensen – research at Stanford university's
6008:
Last Rights: Death Control and the Elderly in America
5843:
5841:
5839:
5822:
Lifelines: Living Longer, Growing Frail, Taking Heart
5207:
4853:
History of Old Age: From Antiquity to the Renaissance
4809:
4270:
Jana R. Cooke, MD, "Sleep Disorders in the Elderly",
3633:"Falls and Injury Statistics for Seniors and Elderly"
2864:
2698:"WHO | Definition of an older or elderly person"
739:", is a common respiratory symptom in elderly people.
7116:
6682:"World Development Indicators | The World Bank"
6363:"Older Americans 2012: Key Indicators of Well-Being"
6244:
6242:
4184:
4182:
3726:"Healthy, Normal Aging: Physical Changes in Seniors"
3409:
Pistelli, R.; Lange, P.; Miller, D.L. (2003-05-01).
2489:
7524:"On Being Very, Very Old: An Insider's Perspective"
7120:
Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology
6970:
6220:
5508:
4429:"The wavery, shaky 'old person's voice,' explained"
4358:
3934:"Department of Neurology – Department of Neurology"
3408:
1633:
1607:created the world's first comprehensive government
1308:Healthy humans after age 50, accumulate endogenous
7430:
6794:
5937:"Trends in Emergency Department Visits, 2006–2011"
5836:
5430:"Simulating Age 85, With Lessons on Offering Care"
5246:Yun, Rebecca J.; Lachman, Margie E. (2006-03-01).
4590:Behavior Genetics of Cognition Across the Lifespan
4056:Clinical Management of the Elderly Patient in Pain
3604:"Who Is At Risk for Falls? - American Bone Health"
3109:
2866:
7683:
7222:"A perspective on long-term care for the elderly"
6239:
4459:
4456:. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1996. pp. 23–37.
4179:
3506:
3504:
3373:
3371:
2662:
2660:
2232:
708:Physical marks of old age include the following:
8567:
5899:
5120:. Archived from the original on November 1, 2004
4540:"When does age-related cognitive decline begin?"
1778:Portrait of the Artist's Mother at the Age of 63
732:(34%), arthritis (50%), and heart disease (32%).
6875:
6463:"Social Security: A Program and Policy History"
5372:, trans by Patrick O'Brian (Norton, 1996), 381.
4907:Johnson, Colleen L.; Barer, Barbara M. (2003).
4070:"Loss of sex drive in men: Natural with aging?"
1546:In opposition to the disengagement theory, the
1095:concurred in the dislike of old people. In his
890:Mental marks of old age include the following:
878:Urinary incontinence is often found in old age.
7390:"Documentary tracks seniors in search of love"
5509:Weiss AJ, Barrett ML, Andrews RM (July 2014).
5482:
5182:
5008:Hillier, Susan M.; Barrow, Georgia M. (2014).
4587:Finkel, Deborah; Reynolds, Chandra A. (2013).
4586:
3512:"Older Adults' Health and Age-Related Changes"
3501:
3368:
3006:"What Age is Considered Senior Citizen - MGFS"
2690:
2657:
2401:
1611:in the 1880s, providing for old age pensions.
41:"Old Age" redirects here. For other uses, see
7916:
7669:
6839:
6788:
6149:"Progress Report : Religion and old age"
5833:"diseases in addition to the primary disease"
5342:Mahzarin R. Banaji and Anthony G. Greenwald,
5007:
4093:
3847:Aging, National Institute on (12 July 2011).
3335:
3333:
2668:"When Does Someone Attain Old Age? SS-101-96"
2611:Rethinking Old Age: Theorizing the Fourth Age
2443:Forman, D. E.; Berman, A. D.; McCabe, C. H.;
400:. People of old age are also referred to as:
374:
6146:
5035:
5031:
5029:
4906:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4646:(1st ed.). Pantheon Books. p. 12.
4426:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3208:
2981:"That Old Feeling: The Fun in Al Hirschfeld"
2568:
2566:
2564:
2269:
2233:Scherbov, Sergei; Sanderson, Warren (2019).
1869:Food preferences in older adults and seniors
1185:Sensitizing People to the Processes of Aging
1129:
1047:Johnson and Barer did a pioneering study of
742:Dental problems: Older people may have less
440:), technology to support the aging society (
6036:"Cutting the High Cost of End-of-Life Care"
5674:
5672:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5300:James E. Birren and K Warner Schaie, eds.,
5183:Erikson, Erik H.; Erikson, Joan M. (1998).
5178:
5176:
5174:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4668:"Alzheimer's disease – Symptoms and causes"
4510:"WHO | Mental health and older adults"
4352:
2621:
2619:
1956:(American Psychological Association, 2009)
1168:is seldom the subject of public discourse.
1080:shrivels heroes, seemed worse than death."
1060:Based on his survey of old age in history,
7923:
7909:
7676:
7662:
7483:Routledge Handbook of Cultural Gerontology
6302:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
6067:(University of North Carolina, 2011) 1, 3.
5683:(1st ed.). Harvard University Press.
5635:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
5245:
5185:The Life Cycle Completed: Extended Version
4877:60 on Up: The Truth About Aging in America
4822:Last Years of Long Lives: The Larvik Study
3330:
2449:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
1710:which provides professional nursing care.
1502:The Life Cycle Completed: Extended Version
1055:
1026:60 on Up: The Truth about Aging in America
381:
367:
7539:
7466:
7456:
7300:
7282:
7241:
6507:
6001:
5999:
5876:
5866:
5768:
5758:
5026:
4975:
4957:
4895:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4637:
4635:
4593:. Springer Science & Business Media.
4563:
4537:
4403:
4385:
4309:
4188:
4162:
4054:Gary McCleane and Howard Smith, editors,
3812:
3713:
3426:
3279:
3258:"Older people are happier than you. Why?"
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3028:
2613:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), vii, 119–120.
2572:
2561:
2515:
2419:
2270:Kowal, Paul; Peachey, Karen (June 2001).
1751:Virgin and Child with Canon van der Paele
432:), medical studies of the aging process (
6570:. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon
6566:Carver, C.S. & Scheir, M.F. (2000).
6287:
6029:
6027:
5669:
5580:Medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
5532:
5344:Blind Spot: Hidden Biases of Good People
5171:
5038:Old age from Antiquity to Post-modernity
5036:Johnson, Paul; Thane, Pat, eds. (1998).
4992:
3575:
3247:(University of Illinois, 2001), 376–377.
3243:Donald H. Kausler and Barry C. Kausler,
2616:
2372:
2370:
2368:
1649:
1637:
1527:
1515:
1472:
1335:
1327:
1222:
1155:Blind Spot: Hidden Biases of Good People
750:, consequently increasing the chance of
521:
477:
54:
7219:
6493:
5678:
5549:
4759:
3529:
2978:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
1691:instrumental activities of daily living
1689:required for personal care or impaired
1468:
1302:basic activities of daily living (ADLs)
1091:Although he was skeptical of the gods,
503:
436:), diseases that afflict older adults (
14:
8568:
7076:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6845:
6610:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6496:Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology
6332:"Census 2000 Brief, C2KBR/01-12, U.S."
6279:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6075:
6073:
5996:
4850:
4827:
4641:
4632:
4283:
4136:
3964:
3322:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3151:
3138:
2966:The Line King: The Al Hirschfeld Story
2316:
1436:
929:Reduced mental and cognitive ability:
7904:
7657:
7521:
7498:(Cambridge: University Press, 1999),
6624:Barbara M. Newman, Philip R. Newman,
6329:
6079:
6024:
6005:
5252:Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology
4468:Perspectives on Psychological Science
4388:"Urinary incontinence in the elderly"
4068:Todd B. Nippoldt, M.D. (2015-03-17).
3846:
3689:
2979:Corliss, Richard (January 29, 2003).
2251:from the original on 21 December 2021
2141:(Plain English summary). 2021-09-30.
1728:
1539:One theory, proposed in 1961, is the
623:
7610:National Institute of Senior Centers
6958:from the original on 29 October 2021
6922:from the original on 7 December 2021
6740:from the original on 16 January 2021
6197:from the original on 24 January 2022
6147:DAVIE, GRACE; VINCENT, JOHN (1998).
6033:
5392:. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension.
5085:
4556:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.023
3994:
3753:
2376:
2345:
2288:from the original on 8 December 2021
1984:10.1093/acref/9780198568506.001.0001
1532:An elderly woman walks along a road.
1491:"Stages of Psychosocial Development"
1310:DNA single- and double-strand breaks
6942:"Overview of the UK pension system"
6863:from the original on April 20, 2019
6070:
5302:Handbook of the Psychology of Aging
4723:Are Your Parents Driving You Crazy?
3223:10.1146/annurev.ps.46.020195.001553
2381:(5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
2235:"New Measures of Population Ageing"
1718:In 2014, a documentary film called
1187:. Some of the simulations include:
919:Increasing fear of health problems.
24:
7604:Scams targeting the elderly (NCOA)
7370:from the original on 17 March 2022
7036:(Rowman and Littlefield, 2003), 4.
6982:U.S. Social SecurityAdministration
6918:. Social Security Administration.
6311:from the original on 19 March 2019
5550:Burbank, Patricia M., ed. (2006).
5440:from the original on 23 March 2017
5010:Aging, the Individual, and Society
4252:from the original on 19 March 2015
3875:"The Immune System in the Elderly"
2628:Key Concepts in Social Gerontology
2461:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01823.x
1894:List of the verified oldest people
1889:International Day of Older Persons
1658:in the apartment of a senior woman
1568:
1367:to avoid a hurricane or wildfire.
1116:For Thomas More, on the island of
901:Depressed mood. According to Cox,
25:
8622:
7515:
6776:from the original on 7 March 2021
6662:from the original on 8 March 2022
6639:Oxford English Dictionary Online
6337:. Washington, DC: Census Bureau.
5089:The Oxford Handbook of Retirement
4725:(Vanderwyk & Burnham, 2005);
4719:How to Survive Your Aging Parents
4003:. Psychiatric Times Vol 26 No 7.
3997:"The Challenge of Geriatric Pain"
3946:from the original on 4 March 2016
3914:from the original on 7 March 2022
3788:
2968:(VHS). Cabin Fever Entertainment.
2203:
1562:Socioemotional selectivity theory
1496:For people in their 80s and 90s,
1323:
1240:Songs of Innocence and Experience
1042:
962:Many books written by authors in
895:different basic living functions.
596:When defined in a legal context,
560:
542:ultimately unsuccessful ageing".
8066:Biodemography of human longevity
7577:Life-span Development Laboratory
7488:
7475:
7424:
7411:
7382:
7346:
7317:
7258:
7220:Scanlon, W. J. (December 1988).
7213:
7184:
7155:
7110:
7084:
7039:
7026:
7009:
7000:
6988:from the original on 4 June 2011
6934:
6904:
6752:
6716:
6703:
6674:
6644:
6631:
6618:
6573:
6560:
6545:
6532:
6455:
6442:
6413:
6384:
6355:
6323:
6140:
6111:
6080:Rabin, Roni Caryn (2018-09-14).
6057:
5958:
5928:
5893:
5827:
5814:
5785:
5726:
5697:
5647:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x
5626:
5597:
5568:
5502:
5476:
5452:
5422:
5410:
5375:
5362:
5349:
5336:
5307:
5294:
5239:
5201:
5146:
5106:
5079:
5054:
4925:
4882:
4869:
4615:"Memory loss: When to seek help"
4427:The Body Odd (25 January 2013).
3576:Bates; M.D, W. H. Bates (2008).
3564:American Journal of Epidemiology
3543:from the original on 24 May 2015
3112:Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
2788:from the original on 13 May 2021
2654:(Radcliffe Publishing, 2006). 2.
2379:Development Through the Lifespan
1786:
1765:
1738:
1687:basic activities of daily living
1634:Assistance: devices and personal
1393:About half of older adults have
1358:Choosing Medical Care in Old Age
862:drops to about 5% of sleep time.
746:and reduced ability to maintain
608:" of society, of senior "rank".
348:
88:
34:. For the Khmer Rouge term, see
7617:National Service – Senior Corps
7400:from the original on 2015-07-06
7335:from the original on 2022-12-16
7202:from the original on 2017-03-18
7173:from the original on 2016-04-26
6893:from the original on 2015-05-03
6692:from the original on 2016-04-04
6473:from the original on 2016-04-14
6448:John Bond and others, editors,
6431:from the original on 2018-10-23
6402:from the original on 2016-09-18
6344:from the original on 2009-03-25
6129:from the original on 2016-04-17
6100:from the original on 2020-09-24
6046:from the original on 2014-02-03
5985:from the original on 2015-04-11
5947:from the original on 2014-12-24
5824:(Norton, 2001), x, xv–xvi, 5–6.
5803:from the original on 2016-03-05
5715:from the original on 2017-05-29
5615:from the original on 2016-03-23
5586:from the original on 2016-04-16
5521:from the original on 2022-03-11
5399:from the original on 2015-09-10
5325:from the original on 2016-04-05
5068:from the original on 2016-03-04
4855:. University of Chicago Press.
4796:
4783:
4772:from the original on 2016-03-28
4753:
4740:
4712:
4699:
4686:
4660:
4621:from the original on 2013-11-08
4607:
4580:
4531:
4520:from the original on 2016-04-06
4502:
4446:
4435:from the original on 2016-03-24
4420:
4392:The Western Journal of Medicine
4379:
4326:
4277:
4264:
4228:
4130:
4087:
4076:from the original on 2013-12-27
4061:
4048:
4022:
4011:from the original on 2016-04-16
3988:
3977:from the original on 2016-04-02
3958:
3926:
3896:
3885:from the original on 2013-06-19
3867:
3840:
3801:from the original on 2013-11-14
3782:
3747:
3736:from the original on 2016-04-02
3702:from the original on 2016-03-25
3683:
3672:from the original on 2021-08-26
3654:
3625:
3614:from the original on 2023-03-25
3596:
3579:Better Eyesight Without Glasses
3569:
3555:
3518:from the original on 2013-12-20
3490:from the original on 2016-04-04
3472:
3461:from the original on 2016-04-16
3443:
3402:
3268:from the original on 2016-03-04
3250:
3237:
3202:
3170:
3156:. University of Chicago Press.
3103:
3077:
3066:from the original on 2016-04-17
3048:
3037:from the original on 2016-04-16
3022:
2998:
2972:
2957:
2924:
2898:
2858:
2847:from the original on 2016-04-06
2829:
2800:
2770:
2744:
2733:from the original on 2010-01-30
2715:
2704:from the original on 2016-04-01
2652:Practical Psychiatry of Old Age
2644:
2609:Paul Higgs and Chris Gilleard,
2603:
2591:
2550:from the original on 2016-03-28
2532:
2483:
2436:
2395:
2310:
2300:
2263:
2226:
2215:from the original on 2016-04-13
2186:from the original on 2021-04-28
2172:"Human rights of older persons"
2153:from the original on 2022-05-22
2116:from the original on 2016-04-05
2087:from the original on 2016-03-31
2058:from the original on 2016-03-31
2029:from the original on 2016-04-08
2000:from the original on 2021-02-25
952:
7458:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.01.007
6951:. HM Treasury. December 2014.
6557:. (2nd ed.). New York: Norton.
4538:Salthouse, Timothy A. (2009).
3995:King, Steven A. (2009-07-06).
3690:Judge, James O. (2016-03-25).
2197:
2164:
2127:
2098:
2069:
2040:
2011:
1966:
1947:
1416:
838:, musculoskeletal-related, or
473:
13:
1:
7930:
7685:Development of the human body
7022:. April 19, 1990. p. 43.
6034:Wang, Penelope (2012-12-12).
3085:"Changes to Old Age Security"
3029:Shin-Hyun, Ahn (2011-04-04).
2700:. World Health Organization.
2650:John Wattis, Stephen Curran,
2573:Cicirelli, Victor G. (2002).
1940:
1801:
1755:
1332:The hand of an elderly person
957:
788:Gait change: Some aspects of
545:
7583:Stanford Center on Longevity
7226:Health Care Financing Review
6912:"Social Security Fact Sheet"
5760:10.1371/journal.pone.0075847
5086:Wang, Mo (8 November 2012).
4959:10.1371/journal.pone.0255088
4804:Physical Dimensions of Aging
4694:Marketing to Older Consumers
4206:10.1080/00224499.2011.603168
3965:Godman, Heidi (2013-09-18).
3428:10.1183/09031936.03.00403403
3415:European Respiratory Journal
3350:. 2012-01-01. Archived from
2814:. 2016-03-30. Archived from
2575:Older Adults' Views on Death
1410:Older Adults' Views on Death
1379:Older Adults' Views on Death
1171:
292:Developmental stage theories
153:Emerging and early adulthood
7:
7636:Stages of human development
7329:National Institute on Aging
6568:Perspectives on Personality
5679:Gillick, Muriel R. (1996).
5040:(1st ed.). Routledge.
4806:(Human Kinetics, 2004), 26.
4617:. Mayo Clinic. 2014-06-05.
4096:Archives of Sexual Behavior
3211:Annual Review of Psychology
3152:Posner, Richard A. (1995).
3056:"Retirement Age Calculator"
1811:
1598:
1511:
1456:post–World War II baby boom
974:, Dr. Muriel R. Gillick, a
703:
10:
8627:
8007:research into centenarians
7496:Ageing and popular culture
7284:10.1186/s12877-022-03561-y
6540:Identity: Youth and Crisis
6164:Cambridge University Press
5012:(10th ed.). Cengage.
4707:Aging, Creativity, and Art
3791:"Why does hair turn gray?"
3768:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003
3341:"The Normal Aging Process"
3178:"Ageing: Myth and Reality"
2319:Social History of Medicine
1978:. Oxford Reference. 2006.
1713:
1668:activities of daily living
1286:DNA damage theory of aging
1278:
1218:
1105:The 16th-century Utopians
981:
684:
677:(CPP) as early as age 60.
491:Royal Museums of Fine Arts
238:Development and psychology
47:
40:
29:
8527:
8476:
8436:
8398:
8353:
8198:
8140:
8129:
8076:Longevity escape velocity
8039:
7963:aging-associated diseases
7938:
7877:
7785:
7727:
7691:
7642:
7633:
7625:
7522:Brody, Elaine M. (2010).
7325:"What Is Long-Term Care?"
7228:. Spec No (Suppl): 7–15.
7133:10.1080/17483100701701672
6724:"Global health and aging"
6421:"World Population Ageing"
6172:10.1017/S0144686X97006776
5346:(Random House, 2013), 67.
5264:10.1007/s10823-006-9018-y
5138:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5102:– via Google Books.
4750:(Prentice Hall, 2004), 2.
4603:– via Google Books.
4386:Ouslander, J. G. (1981).
4035:10.3390/geriatrics9030065
3592:– via Google Books.
3379:"Administration on Aging"
2906:"The Senior Times Online"
2598:Oxford English Dictionary
2404:"Frailty in Older Adults"
2279:World Health Organization
1874:Geriatric care management
1151:implicit-association test
1130:Contemporary perspectives
885:
846:Decreases in sexual drive
752:tooth decay and infection
515:World Health Organization
8555:Longest-living organisms
7505:August 17, 2016, at the
7437:Journal of Rural Studies
7092:"Elderly Health Service"
4851:Minois, Georges (1989).
4729:(William Morrow, 1999);
4709:(Springer, 2003), 55–56.
4480:10.1177/1745691612455204
4137:Suzman, Richard (2009).
3566:Vol 106, No 1, pp. 17–32
2812:Dictionary.cambridge.org
2421:10.1001/jama.296.18.2280
2147:10.3310/collection_47889
1914:Respect for the Aged Day
1646:man with a walking stick
1616:United States of America
1370:
1164:Despite its prevalence,
766:Eyesight deterioration:
680:
585:in British English, and
317:Psychosexual development
43:Old Age (disambiguation)
6711:Oxford University Press
6452:(Sage, 2007 3rd ed), 1.
6006:Logue, Barbara (1993).
4879:(Beacon, 2007), 1, 7–8.
4824:(Routledge, 2003), 170.
4058:(CRC Press, 2006). 150.
2540:"Demographics of Aging"
2377:Berk, Laura E. (2010).
1500:added a ninth stage in
1056:Societal and historical
551:Key Concepts in Social
59:A 93-year-old man from
8596:Diseases and disorders
8591:Social constructionism
8550:Transhumanist politics
8468:Immortality in fiction
8446:Biological immortality
7990:cognitive epidemiology
7192:"Love for the Elderly"
6916:Social Security Online
6551:Erikson, E.H. (1963).
6538:Erikson, E.H. (1968).
6518:10.2202/1941-6008.1011
5971:HCUP Statistical Brief
5941:HCUP Statistical Brief
5515:HCUP Statistical Brief
5304:(Academic, 2011), 253.
4642:Jacoby, Susan (2011).
4284:McCall, W. V. (2004).
3795:scientificamerican.com
3608:americanbonehealth.org
3537:"Facts About Cataract"
2964:Al Hirschfeld (1996).
2869:Mental health concepts
2778:"Chambersharrap.co.uk"
1659:
1647:
1533:
1525:
1482:
1341:
1333:
1243:
1015:
988:activist organizations
820:Immune-function loss (
497:
64:
32:Elder (disambiguation)
8606:Developmental biology
8354:regions by continents
7973:negligible senescence
7968:degenerative diseases
7541:10.1093/geront/gnp143
7421:17#6 (1997): 629–648.
7196:Lovefortheelderly.org
6713:. London:2009. p161ff
6554:Childhood and Society
6330:Meyer, Julie (2001).
5489:William Blake Archive
5359:(Bradford, 2004), ix.
5223:10.4135/9781452243382
4793:(Harvard, 2007), 5–6.
4760:Matthiessen, Connie.
4696:(Praeger, 1992), 102.
4544:Neurobiology of Aging
4155:10.1093/geronb/gbp078
4033:. 2024;9(3):65. doi:
3582:. Orient Paperbacks.
2544:Transgenerational.org
2508:10.1093/gerona/gln045
2281:(report). p. 9.
2081:Thefreedictionary.com
2052:Thefreedictionary.com
2023:Thefreedictionary.com
1653:
1641:
1531:
1519:
1476:
1339:
1331:
1226:
1007:
522:Sub-group definitions
481:
355:Psychology portal
257:Nature versus nurture
181:Biological milestones
58:
36:New People (Cambodia)
8199:regions of countries
8019:LGBT life expectancy
7394:The Spokesman-Review
7163:"Home Modifications"
5868:10.3390/ijms24087148
5368:Simone de Beauvoir,
5355:Todd D. Nelson, ed,
5319:Implicit.harvard.edu
5158:Babel.hathitrust.org
4911:. Prometheus Books.
4909:Life Beyond 85 Years
4705:Martin S. Lindauer,
4674:on December 13, 2013
4340:on November 25, 2013
4302:10.4088/pcc.v06n0104
3855:on 18 September 2016
3190:on December 16, 2013
3010:My Guide For Seniors
2782:Chambersharrap.co.uk
1702:. A third option is
1680:Love for the Elderly
1541:disengagement theory
1469:Psychosocial aspects
1402:Life Beyond 85 Years
1049:Life Beyond 85 Years
1034:Life Beyond 85 Years
871:Over the age of 85,
649:senior discount card
504:Official definitions
209:Language acquisition
8540:Longevity insurance
8458:Digital immortality
8084:calorie restriction
8071:Indefinite lifespan
8061:Anti-aging movement
8031:Biomarkers of aging
7449:2013JRurS..31....1B
6849:(October 5, 2016).
6817:10.1038/nature19793
6809:2016Natur.538..257D
6542:. New York: Norton.
6123:Hopkinsmedicine.org
6010:. Lexington Books.
5820:Muriel R. Gillick,
5751:2013PLoSO...875847H
5609:Merriam-webster.com
4950:2021PLoSO..1655088C
4692:George P. Moschis,
4361:J Nutr Health Aging
4149:(Suppl 1): i5–i11.
3756:Med. Clin. North Am
3304:on October 30, 2014
2933:Hirschfeld: On Line
2600:, s.v. "third age".
2331:10.1093/shm/6.3.313
1909:Paternal age effect
1437:Demographic changes
972:The Denial of Aging
939:Alzheimer's disease
675:Canada Pension Plan
569:, and sometimes in
332:Cultural-historical
8190:World macroregions
8089:Diet and longevity
7840:Emerging adulthood
7589:2019-08-25 at the
7567:2015-06-10 at the
7419:Ageing and Society
7098:on August 31, 2013
7032:Laura Katz Olson,
6225:. Fortress Press.
6156:Ageing and Society
6086:The New York Times
6063:Nortin M. Hadler,
5434:The New York Times
4888:Mary C. Morrison,
4875:Lillian B. Rubin,
4820:Tor Inge Romoren,
4108:10.1007/BF01542662
4031:Geriatrics (Basel)
3971:Health.harvard.edu
3637:Learnnottofall.com
3539:. September 2015.
1729:Artistic depiction
1660:
1648:
1603:German chancellor
1534:
1526:
1483:
1342:
1334:
1244:
1213:The New York Times
1177:Simone de Beauvoir
1124:Antonio de Guevara
1111:Antonio de Guevara
687:Aging § Signs
624:Age qualifications
498:
247:Pre- and perinatal
65:
50:The Elderly (film)
8611:Human life stages
8563:
8562:
8394:
8393:
8114:stem-cell therapy
8026:Maximum life span
7898:
7897:
7762:Adult development
7740:Child development
7652:
7651:
7643:Succeeded by
7528:The Gerontologist
7016:"U.S. spending".
6803:(7624): 257–259.
6686:Wdi.worldbank.org
6450:Ageing in Society
5436:. 3 August 2008.
5370:The Coming of Age
5315:"ProjectImplicit"
5232:978-0-8039-5867-8
5118:History-world.org
4272:Psychiatric Times
4001:Psychiatric Times
3789:Meyer, Laurence.
3154:Aging and Old Age
3124:10.1159/000288415
3031:"Economic Report"
2204:Barry, Patricia.
1934:Successful ageing
1609:social safety net
1605:Otto von Bismarck
1556:continuity theory
1554:According to the
1320:in older people.
1147:Aging and Old Age
1070:primitive society
726:chronic condition
579:old age pensioner
391:
390:
27:End of life stage
16:(Redirected from
8618:
8406:Longevity claims
8138:
8137:
8002:supercentenarian
7925:
7918:
7911:
7902:
7901:
7878:Social and legal
7678:
7671:
7664:
7655:
7654:
7626:Preceded by
7623:
7622:
7553:
7543:
7509:
7494:Andrew Blaikie,
7492:
7486:
7479:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7460:
7428:
7422:
7415:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7405:
7386:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7369:
7358:
7350:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7321:
7315:
7314:
7304:
7286:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7245:
7217:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7207:
7188:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7178:
7159:
7153:
7152:
7114:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7103:
7094:. Archived from
7088:
7082:
7081:
7075:
7067:
7065:
7064:
7058:
7052:. Archived from
7051:
7043:
7037:
7030:
7024:
7023:
7013:
7007:
7004:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6993:
6974:
6968:
6967:
6965:
6963:
6957:
6946:
6938:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6927:
6908:
6902:
6901:
6899:
6898:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6843:
6837:
6836:
6792:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6781:
6775:
6764:
6756:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6745:
6739:
6728:
6720:
6714:
6707:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6697:
6678:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6648:
6642:
6641:. December 2013.
6635:
6629:
6622:
6616:
6615:
6609:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6592:
6586:. Archived from
6585:
6577:
6571:
6564:
6558:
6549:
6543:
6536:
6530:
6529:
6511:
6491:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6459:
6453:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6417:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6388:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6369:. Archived from
6359:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6343:
6336:
6327:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6316:
6310:
6299:
6291:
6285:
6284:
6278:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6261:
6255:. Archived from
6254:
6246:
6237:
6236:
6218:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6196:
6153:
6144:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6115:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6077:
6068:
6061:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6031:
6022:
6021:
6003:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5962:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5932:
5926:
5925:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5880:
5870:
5845:
5834:
5831:
5825:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5772:
5762:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5701:
5695:
5694:
5676:
5667:
5666:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5554:. Springer Pub.
5547:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5456:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5426:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5398:
5387:
5379:
5373:
5366:
5360:
5353:
5347:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5311:
5305:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5243:
5237:
5236:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5187:. W. W. Norton.
5180:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5137:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5033:
5024:
5023:
5005:
4990:
4989:
4979:
4961:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4904:
4893:
4890:Let Evening Come
4886:
4880:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4848:
4825:
4818:
4807:
4800:
4794:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4757:
4751:
4744:
4738:
4737:(Perigee, 2011).
4721:(Surrey, 2001);
4716:
4710:
4703:
4697:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4670:. Archived from
4664:
4658:
4657:
4639:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4567:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4463:
4457:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4407:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4336:. Archived from
4330:
4324:
4323:
4313:
4281:
4275:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4251:
4240:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4200:(2–3): 125–141.
4186:
4177:
4176:
4166:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4065:
4059:
4052:
4046:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3938:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3851:. Archived from
3844:
3838:
3837:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3762:(6): 1195–1211.
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3722:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3696:Merckmanuals.com
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3639:. Archived from
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3573:
3567:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3508:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3430:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3390:
3384:. Archived from
3383:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3356:
3345:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3321:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3297:. Archived from
3296:
3288:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3254:
3248:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3183:. Archived from
3182:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3149:
3136:
3135:
3118:(2–4): 100–107.
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3087:. Archived from
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2908:. Archived from
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2872:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2758:on 20 April 2008
2754:. Archived from
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2678:on 19 March 2001
2674:. Archived from
2672:ohioline.osu.edu
2664:
2655:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2623:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2577:. Springer Pub.
2570:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2519:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2374:
2343:
2342:
2314:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2276:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2239:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1970:
1964:
1951:
1929:Supercentenarian
1806:
1803:
1790:
1769:
1760:
1757:
1742:
1450:
1445:
1384:assisted suicide
1077:Classical period
1004:
1001:
964:middle adulthood
923:Mental disorders
822:immunosenescence
777:cataract surgery
761:Essential tremor
671:Old Age Security
567:American English
483:Old Woman Dozing
383:
376:
369:
353:
352:
351:
252:Infant and child
92:
67:
66:
21:
8626:
8625:
8621:
8620:
8619:
8617:
8616:
8615:
8566:
8565:
8564:
8559:
8523:
8477:Longevity genes
8472:
8432:
8390:
8349:
8194:
8133:life expectancy
8131:
8125:
8035:
8014:Life expectancy
7953:Longevity myths
7934:
7929:
7899:
7894:
7890:Age of majority
7873:
7806:Early childhood
7781:
7728:Birth and after
7723:
7719:Gestational age
7687:
7682:
7648:
7639:
7631:
7591:Wayback Machine
7569:Wayback Machine
7518:
7513:
7512:
7507:Wayback Machine
7493:
7489:
7485:(2015): 93–104.
7480:
7476:
7429:
7425:
7416:
7412:
7403:
7401:
7388:
7387:
7383:
7373:
7371:
7367:
7356:
7352:
7351:
7347:
7338:
7336:
7323:
7322:
7318:
7263:
7259:
7218:
7214:
7205:
7203:
7190:
7189:
7185:
7176:
7174:
7161:
7160:
7156:
7115:
7111:
7101:
7099:
7090:
7089:
7085:
7069:
7068:
7062:
7060:
7056:
7049:
7047:"Archived copy"
7045:
7044:
7040:
7031:
7027:
7015:
7014:
7010:
7005:
7001:
6991:
6989:
6976:
6975:
6971:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6944:
6940:
6939:
6935:
6925:
6923:
6910:
6909:
6905:
6896:
6894:
6881:
6880:
6876:
6866:
6864:
6844:
6840:
6793:
6789:
6779:
6777:
6773:
6762:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6743:
6741:
6737:
6726:
6722:
6721:
6717:
6708:
6704:
6695:
6693:
6680:
6679:
6675:
6665:
6663:
6656:Sciences360.com
6650:
6649:
6645:
6636:
6632:
6623:
6619:
6603:
6602:
6596:
6594:
6590:
6583:
6581:"Archived copy"
6579:
6578:
6574:
6565:
6561:
6550:
6546:
6537:
6533:
6492:
6485:
6476:
6474:
6461:
6460:
6456:
6447:
6443:
6434:
6432:
6419:
6418:
6414:
6405:
6403:
6390:
6389:
6385:
6376:
6374:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6334:
6328:
6324:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6297:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6272:
6271:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6252:
6250:"Archived copy"
6248:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6219:
6210:
6200:
6198:
6194:
6151:
6145:
6141:
6132:
6130:
6117:
6116:
6112:
6103:
6101:
6078:
6071:
6062:
6058:
6049:
6047:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6004:
5997:
5988:
5986:
5963:
5959:
5950:
5948:
5933:
5929:
5898:
5894:
5846:
5837:
5832:
5828:
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5804:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5731:
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5702:
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5670:
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5618:
5616:
5603:
5602:
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5587:
5574:
5573:
5569:
5562:
5548:
5533:
5524:
5522:
5507:
5503:
5493:
5491:
5481:
5477:
5468:
5466:
5458:
5457:
5453:
5443:
5441:
5428:
5427:
5423:
5415:
5411:
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5400:
5396:
5385:
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5380:
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5181:
5172:
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5161:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5131:
5130:
5123:
5121:
5112:
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5084:
5080:
5071:
5069:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5048:
5034:
5027:
5020:
5006:
4993:
4944:(7): e0255088.
4930:
4926:
4919:
4905:
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4887:
4883:
4874:
4870:
4863:
4849:
4828:
4819:
4810:
4801:
4797:
4788:
4784:
4775:
4773:
4758:
4754:
4745:
4741:
4717:
4713:
4704:
4700:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
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4661:
4654:
4640:
4633:
4624:
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4613:
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4608:
4601:
4585:
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4508:
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4503:
4464:
4460:
4451:
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4438:
4436:
4425:
4421:
4384:
4380:
4357:
4353:
4343:
4341:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4282:
4278:
4269:
4265:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4243:Assets.aarp.org
4238:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4190:DeLamater, John
4187:
4180:
4135:
4131:
4092:
4088:
4079:
4077:
4072:. Mayo Clinic.
4066:
4062:
4053:
4049:
4027:
4023:
4014:
4012:
3993:
3989:
3980:
3978:
3963:
3959:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3908:Medlineplus.gov
3902:
3901:
3897:
3888:
3886:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3845:
3841:
3817:
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3787:
3783:
3752:
3748:
3739:
3737:
3724:
3723:
3714:
3705:
3703:
3688:
3684:
3675:
3673:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3646:
3644:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3617:
3615:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3574:
3570:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3521:
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3509:
3502:
3493:
3491:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3464:
3462:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3407:
3403:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3315:
3314:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3292:"Archived copy"
3290:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3269:
3262:Edition.cnn.com
3256:
3255:
3251:
3242:
3238:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3150:
3139:
3108:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3069:
3067:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3040:
3038:
3027:
3023:
3014:
3012:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2913:
2912:on 6 March 2016
2904:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2863:
2859:
2850:
2848:
2841:Ldoceonline.com
2835:
2834:
2830:
2821:
2819:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2707:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2624:
2617:
2608:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2571:
2562:
2553:
2551:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2488:
2484:
2441:
2437:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2375:
2346:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2237:
2231:
2227:
2218:
2216:
2202:
2198:
2189:
2187:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2119:
2117:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2090:
2088:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2061:
2059:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2003:
2001:
1994:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1919:Retirement home
1819:Activist ageing
1814:
1807:
1804:
1791:
1782:
1770:
1761:
1758:
1743:
1731:
1721:The Age of Love
1716:
1704:assisted living
1636:
1601:
1574:Life expectancy
1571:
1569:Life expectancy
1548:activity theory
1514:
1471:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1419:
1388:palliative care
1373:
1326:
1281:
1221:
1174:
1132:
1058:
1045:
1012:
1010:
996:
984:
960:
955:
888:
836:rheumatological
706:
689:
683:
645:senior discount
626:
571:British English
563:
548:
524:
506:
476:
442:gerontechnology
414:senior citizens
398:life expectancy
387:
349:
347:
294:
149:
133:
122:
82:and development
81:
53:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8624:
8614:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8545:Longevity risk
8542:
8537:
8531:
8529:
8525:
8524:
8522:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8480:
8478:
8474:
8473:
8471:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8454:
8453:
8442:
8440:
8434:
8433:
8431:
8430:
8429:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8408:
8402:
8400:
8396:
8395:
8392:
8391:
8389:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8357:
8355:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8347:
8346:
8345:
8340:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8202:
8200:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8171:
8170:
8165:
8155:
8150:
8144:
8142:
8135:
8127:
8126:
8124:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8104:organ printing
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8057:
8056:
8045:
8043:
8041:Life extension
8037:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8022:
8021:
8011:
8010:
8009:
8004:
7994:
7993:
7992:
7987:
7985:biogerontology
7977:
7976:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7955:
7950:
7944:
7942:
7936:
7935:
7928:
7927:
7920:
7913:
7905:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7887:
7881:
7879:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7871:
7866:
7865:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7844:
7843:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7830:Preadolescence
7822:
7821:
7820:
7819:
7818:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7789:
7787:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7758:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7737:
7731:
7729:
7725:
7724:
7722:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7695:
7693:
7689:
7688:
7681:
7680:
7673:
7666:
7658:
7650:
7649:
7644:
7641:
7632:
7627:
7621:
7620:
7613:
7606:
7601:
7594:
7572:
7554:
7517:
7516:External links
7514:
7511:
7510:
7487:
7474:
7423:
7410:
7396:. 2015-02-02.
7381:
7345:
7316:
7271:BMC Geriatrics
7257:
7212:
7183:
7154:
7127:(6): 335–345.
7109:
7083:
7038:
7025:
7008:
6999:
6969:
6949:European Union
6933:
6903:
6887:Britannica.com
6874:
6856:New York Times
6838:
6787:
6751:
6715:
6702:
6673:
6643:
6630:
6617:
6572:
6559:
6544:
6531:
6509:10.1.1.395.745
6483:
6454:
6441:
6412:
6398:. 2013-08-06.
6383:
6367:Agingstats.gov
6354:
6322:
6286:
6238:
6231:
6208:
6139:
6125:. 2011-06-24.
6110:
6069:
6056:
6023:
6016:
5995:
5957:
5927:
5914:10.1086/412317
5908:(3): 279–303.
5892:
5835:
5826:
5813:
5784:
5745:(10): e75847.
5725:
5696:
5689:
5668:
5641:(8): 1487–92.
5625:
5596:
5567:
5560:
5531:
5501:
5475:
5451:
5421:
5409:
5374:
5361:
5348:
5335:
5306:
5293:
5238:
5231:
5200:
5193:
5170:
5145:
5105:
5098:
5078:
5053:
5046:
5025:
5019:978-1305176935
5018:
4991:
4924:
4917:
4894:
4881:
4868:
4861:
4826:
4808:
4795:
4782:
4752:
4739:
4733:(Holt, 2005);
4711:
4698:
4685:
4659:
4652:
4631:
4606:
4600:978-1461474470
4599:
4579:
4550:(4): 507–514.
4530:
4501:
4474:(5): 427–449.
4458:
4445:
4419:
4398:(6): 482–491.
4378:
4367:(5): 305–309.
4351:
4325:
4276:
4263:
4227:
4178:
4129:
4102:(2): 109–129.
4086:
4060:
4047:
4021:
3987:
3957:
3925:
3895:
3866:
3849:"Heart Health"
3839:
3822:Health Reports
3811:
3781:
3746:
3712:
3682:
3653:
3624:
3610:. 2016-09-28.
3595:
3589:978-8122204490
3588:
3568:
3554:
3528:
3500:
3471:
3457:. 2008-11-07.
3442:
3401:
3367:
3329:
3278:
3264:. 2015-04-24.
3249:
3236:
3201:
3169:
3162:
3137:
3102:
3076:
3062:. 2014-09-03.
3047:
3021:
2997:
2971:
2956:
2942:
2923:
2897:
2883:
2857:
2828:
2799:
2769:
2743:
2714:
2689:
2656:
2643:
2636:
2615:
2602:
2590:
2583:
2560:
2531:
2502:(4): 481–486.
2482:
2435:
2394:
2387:
2344:
2325:(3): 313–341.
2309:
2299:
2262:
2242:United Nations
2225:
2196:
2163:
2126:
2112:. 2013-10-18.
2097:
2068:
2039:
2010:
1992:
1965:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1839:Aging in place
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1792:
1785:
1783:
1773:Albrecht DĂĽrer
1771:
1764:
1762:
1759: 1434–36
1744:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1715:
1712:
1700:senior centers
1635:
1632:
1620:United Kingdom
1600:
1597:
1593:human lifespan
1570:
1567:
1513:
1510:
1470:
1467:
1438:
1435:
1418:
1415:
1395:multimorbidity
1372:
1369:
1325:
1324:Care and costs
1322:
1280:
1277:
1254:Gerontologists
1220:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1173:
1170:
1131:
1128:
1062:Georges Minois
1057:
1054:
1044:
1043:Misconceptions
1041:
994:Georges Minois
983:
980:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
949:
942:
927:
920:
917:
910:
899:
896:
887:
884:
883:
882:
879:
876:
869:
863:
856:
853:
850:
843:
832:
831:consequences".
828:
825:
818:
815:
807:
800:
793:
786:
780:
764:
758:
755:
740:
733:
722:
715:osteoarthritis
705:
702:
682:
679:
625:
622:
598:senior citizen
575:retirement age
562:
561:Senior citizen
559:
547:
544:
527:Gerontologists
523:
520:
505:
502:
475:
472:
468:United Nations
389:
388:
386:
385:
378:
371:
363:
360:
359:
358:
357:
342:
341:
340:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
296:
295:
290:
287:
286:
285:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
241:
240:
234:
233:
232:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
183:
182:
178:
177:
176:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
144:
139:
134:
128:
123:
117:
112:
107:
99:
98:
94:
93:
85:
84:
76:
75:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8623:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
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8584:
8582:
8579:
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8573:
8571:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
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8536:
8533:
8532:
8530:
8526:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8481:
8479:
8475:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8463:Eternal youth
8461:
8459:
8456:
8452:
8449:
8448:
8447:
8444:
8443:
8441:
8439:
8435:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8413:
8412:
8411:Oldest people
8409:
8407:
8404:
8403:
8401:
8397:
8387:
8386:South America
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8376:North America
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8352:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8335:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8237:
8234:
8233:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8203:
8201:
8197:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8169:
8168:South America
8166:
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8163:North America
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8049:Topic outline
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7556:Milton Crum,
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7059:on 2013-12-30
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7019:Rolling Stone
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6607:
6593:on 2013-12-19
6589:
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6373:on 2016-03-13
6372:
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6262:on 2013-12-30
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5855:Int J Mol Sci
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5209:Keith, Jennie
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3643:on 2016-04-02
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3391:on 2013-10-10
3387:
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3357:on 2020-08-05
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3348:Documbase.com
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3091:on 2012-04-01
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2818:on 2009-12-25
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2139:NIHR Evidence
2136:
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2111:
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2078:
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1884:Gerascophobia
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1798:Self-Portrait
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913:Fear of crime
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142:Preadolescent
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19:
8451:Regeneration
8303:South Africa
8109:rejuvenation
8099:nanomedicine
8094:gene therapy
7947:
7861:
7857:Middle adult
7792:Early years
7692:Before birth
7634:
7582:
7576:
7531:
7527:
7495:
7490:
7482:
7477:
7440:
7436:
7426:
7418:
7413:
7402:. Retrieved
7393:
7384:
7372:. Retrieved
7360:
7348:
7337:. Retrieved
7328:
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7274:
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7260:
7225:
7215:
7204:. Retrieved
7195:
7186:
7175:. Retrieved
7167:Homemods.org
7166:
7157:
7124:
7118:
7112:
7102:December 30,
7100:. Retrieved
7096:the original
7086:
7061:. Retrieved
7054:the original
7041:
7033:
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7017:
7011:
7002:
6990:. Retrieved
6972:
6960:. Retrieved
6948:
6936:
6924:. Retrieved
6915:
6906:
6895:. Retrieved
6886:
6877:
6865:. Retrieved
6854:
6847:Zimmer, Carl
6841:
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6778:. Retrieved
6766:
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6742:. Retrieved
6730:
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6685:
6676:
6664:. Retrieved
6655:
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6633:
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6620:
6595:. Retrieved
6588:the original
6575:
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6534:
6499:
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6475:. Retrieved
6466:
6457:
6449:
6444:
6433:. Retrieved
6424:
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6404:. Retrieved
6396:Pewforum.org
6395:
6386:
6375:. Retrieved
6371:the original
6366:
6357:
6346:. Retrieved
6325:
6313:. Retrieved
6289:
6264:. Retrieved
6257:the original
6222:
6199:. Retrieved
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6122:
6113:
6102:. Retrieved
6085:
6064:
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6048:. Retrieved
6039:
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5970:
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5949:. Retrieved
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5829:
5821:
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5805:. Retrieved
5796:
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5717:. Retrieved
5709:Medscape.com
5708:
5699:
5680:
5638:
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5628:
5617:. Retrieved
5608:
5599:
5588:. Retrieved
5579:
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5523:. Retrieved
5514:
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5492:. Retrieved
5478:
5467:. Retrieved
5463:
5454:
5442:. Retrieved
5433:
5424:
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5412:
5401:. Retrieved
5390:Fcs.tamu.edu
5389:
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5369:
5364:
5356:
5351:
5343:
5338:
5327:. Retrieved
5318:
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5160:. 2012-08-18
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5122:. Retrieved
5117:
5108:
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5081:
5070:. Retrieved
5056:
5037:
5009:
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4927:
4908:
4892:(1998), 2–3.
4889:
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4774:. Retrieved
4765:
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4678:December 12,
4676:. Retrieved
4672:the original
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4623:. Retrieved
4609:
4589:
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4533:
4522:. Retrieved
4513:
4504:
4471:
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4461:
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4448:
4437:. Retrieved
4431:. NBC News.
4422:
4395:
4391:
4381:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4344:December 16,
4342:. Retrieved
4338:the original
4328:
4293:
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4274:25.4 (2008).
4271:
4266:
4254:. Retrieved
4242:
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4078:. Retrieved
4063:
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4013:. Retrieved
4004:
4000:
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3979:. Retrieved
3970:
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3948:. Retrieved
3928:
3916:. Retrieved
3907:
3898:
3887:. Retrieved
3879:Medscape.com
3878:
3869:
3859:17 September
3857:. Retrieved
3853:the original
3842:
3828:(7): 18–25.
3825:
3821:
3814:
3803:. Retrieved
3794:
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3738:. Retrieved
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3641:the original
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3393:. Retrieved
3386:the original
3359:. Retrieved
3352:the original
3347:
3308:December 12,
3306:. Retrieved
3299:the original
3270:. Retrieved
3261:
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3204:
3192:. Retrieved
3185:the original
3172:
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3095:November 25,
3093:. Retrieved
3089:the original
3079:
3068:. Retrieved
3059:
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3024:
3013:. Retrieved
3009:
3000:
2990:December 19,
2988:. Retrieved
2984:
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2949:December 19,
2947:. Retrieved
2932:
2926:
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2910:the original
2900:
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2868:
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2840:
2831:
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2816:the original
2811:
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2790:. Retrieved
2781:
2772:
2760:. Retrieved
2756:the original
2746:
2735:. Retrieved
2726:
2717:
2706:. Retrieved
2692:
2680:. Retrieved
2676:the original
2671:
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2646:
2627:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2574:
2552:. Retrieved
2543:
2534:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2455:(1): 19–22.
2452:
2448:
2438:
2414:(18): 2280.
2411:
2407:
2397:
2378:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2302:
2290:. Retrieved
2278:
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2241:
2228:
2217:. Retrieved
2208:
2199:
2188:. Retrieved
2175:
2166:
2155:. Retrieved
2138:
2129:
2118:. Retrieved
2109:
2100:
2089:. Retrieved
2080:
2071:
2060:. Retrieved
2051:
2042:
2031:. Retrieved
2022:
2013:
2002:. Retrieved
1974:
1968:
1953:
1949:
1924:Silver Alert
1864:Elderly care
1854:Elder rights
1797:
1776:
1749:
1746:Jan van Eyck
1732:
1719:
1717:
1708:nursing home
1684:
1672:
1665:
1661:
1628:
1624:
1613:
1602:
1590:
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1578:
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1560:
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1545:
1538:
1535:
1506:
1501:
1498:Joan Erikson
1495:
1487:Erik Erikson
1484:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1440:
1431:
1429:is minimal.
1427:
1423:
1420:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1392:
1378:
1377:
1374:
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1136:Joan Erikson
1133:
1122:
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1104:
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1090:
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1074:
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1038:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1008:
992:
985:
971:
969:
961:
953:Perspectives
889:
812:hearing loss
802:Women enter
775:or have had
748:oral hygiene
730:hypertension
719:osteoporosis
707:
698:
694:
690:
664:
653:
642:
631:
627:
610:
602:
597:
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586:
582:
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564:
550:
549:
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536:
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511:
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499:
482:
465:
450:
446:senior sport
422:older adults
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
393:
392:
337:Evolutionary
312:Psychosocial
167:
163:Middle adult
80:Human growth
18:Older people
8581:Gerontology
8438:Immortality
7997:Centenarian
7980:Gerontology
7862:Elder adult
7852:Young adult
7835:Adolescence
7699:Development
7534:(1): 2–10.
6180:10036/57193
6166:: 101–110.
5861:(8): 7148.
5092:. OUP USA.
5064:. Answers.
4296:(1): 9–20.
4043:PMC11130898
3455:Dummies.com
3421:: 10s–14s.
3217:: 329–353.
3194:January 15,
2445:Baim, D. S.
2255:21 December
1879:Gerontology
1849:Elder abuse
1844:Centenarian
1805: 1567
1644:Bangladeshi
1642:An elderly
1520:An elderly
1477:An elderly
1417:Religiosity
1390:if needed.
1259:A group of
1237:, from his
1107:Thomas More
997: [
976:baby boomer
931:Memory loss
553:Gerontology
474:Definitions
434:gerontology
272:Young adult
158:Young adult
8601:Disability
8570:Categories
8421:by country
8318:Tajikistan
8283:Kazakhstan
8141:by country
7958:Senescence
7772:Senescence
7629:Middle age
7468:10379/3514
7404:2015-07-06
7339:2022-12-16
7277:(1): 953.
7206:2017-02-16
7177:2016-04-04
7063:2013-12-30
6962:29 October
6926:29 October
6897:2016-04-04
6867:October 6,
6696:2016-04-04
6597:2013-12-18
6477:2016-04-04
6435:2016-04-04
6406:2016-04-04
6377:2016-04-04
6348:2009-03-17
6266:2013-12-29
6133:2016-04-04
6104:2020-10-12
6050:2016-04-04
5989:2015-04-06
5951:2014-10-20
5902:Q Rev Biol
5807:2016-04-04
5719:2016-04-04
5619:2016-04-04
5590:2016-04-04
5525:2014-08-15
5469:2016-04-04
5403:2015-09-06
5329:2016-04-04
5164:2016-04-04
5072:2016-04-04
4776:2016-04-04
4766:Caring.com
4625:2016-04-04
4524:2016-04-04
4439:2016-04-04
4080:2016-04-04
4015:2016-04-04
3981:2016-04-04
3889:2016-04-04
3805:2016-09-20
3740:2016-04-04
3706:2016-04-04
3676:2016-04-04
3647:2016-04-04
3618:2022-06-27
3522:2013-12-12
3494:2016-04-04
3465:2016-04-04
3395:2014-01-05
3361:2016-04-04
3272:2016-04-04
3070:2016-04-04
3041:2016-04-04
3015:2023-06-21
2851:2016-04-04
2822:2016-04-04
2737:2016-04-04
2708:2016-04-04
2682:15 January
2554:2016-04-04
2292:1 December
2219:2016-04-13
2190:2016-10-24
2157:2022-04-20
2120:2016-04-04
2091:2016-04-04
2062:2016-04-04
2033:2016-04-04
2004:2016-04-04
1962:1433805618
1941:References
1618:, and the
1449:50 million
1314:DNA repair
1283:See also:
958:Middle age
866:Taste buds
860:deep sleep
768:Presbyopia
692:identity.
685:See also:
546:Dimensions
457:loneliness
453:retirement
438:geriatrics
430:senescence
402:old people
307:Ecological
302:Attachment
262:Adolescent
199:Childbirth
147:Adolescent
8586:Elder law
8535:Blue zone
8293:Palestine
8211:Australia
8206:Argentina
7932:Longevity
7847:Adulthood
7811:Childhood
7558:"I'm Old"
7293:1471-2318
7234:0195-8631
6883:"old age"
6526:201101995
6504:CiteSeerX
6315:26 August
6094:0362-4331
5464:Today.com
5272:1573-0719
4968:1932-6203
4789:Gillick,
4194:J Sex Res
4041:; PMCID:
3730:Webmd.com
3547:14 August
3484:Webmd.com
2307:1999:3-21
2176:OHCHR.org
2110:Bbc.co.uk
1904:Pensioner
1695:home care
1444:3 million
1172:Simulated
1093:Aristotle
926:problems.
840:malignant
804:menopause
638:marketing
618:adjective
583:pensioner
327:Cognitive
219:Menopause
194:Pregnancy
168:Old adult
61:Pichilemu
8416:verified
8338:shortest
8158:Americas
8130:Lists of
8080:Methods
7640:Old age
7587:Archived
7565:Archived
7550:20071402
7503:Archived
7443:: 1–12.
7398:Archived
7365:Archived
7333:Archived
7311:36494627
7252:10312975
7200:Archived
7171:Archived
7149:35215512
7141:19263564
7072:cite web
6986:Archived
6953:Archived
6920:Archived
6891:Archived
6861:Archived
6825:27706136
6771:Archived
6735:Archived
6690:Archived
6660:Archived
6606:cite web
6471:Archived
6429:Archived
6400:Archived
6339:Archived
6306:Archived
6275:cite web
6192:Archived
6188:53422264
6127:Archived
6098:Archived
6044:Archived
5983:Archived
5979:25558764
5945:Archived
5887:37108309
5878:10138488
5801:Archived
5779:24204581
5739:PLOS ONE
5713:Archived
5655:22881367
5613:Archived
5584:Archived
5519:Archived
5494:June 10,
5438:Archived
5394:Archived
5323:Archived
5288:13558473
5280:17103311
5134:cite web
5066:Archived
4986:34310643
4938:PLOS ONE
4770:Archived
4619:Archived
4574:19231028
4518:Archived
4488:26168502
4433:Archived
4373:16222395
4320:15486596
4247:Archived
4222:13919053
4214:22380585
4173:19837963
4124:24417179
4074:Archived
4039:38804322
4037:. PMID:
4009:Archived
3975:Archived
3941:Archived
3912:Archived
3883:Archived
3834:26177043
3799:Archived
3776:26476248
3734:Archived
3700:Archived
3670:Archived
3612:Archived
3541:Archived
3516:Archived
3488:Archived
3459:Archived
3437:12762568
3318:cite web
3266:Archived
3064:Archived
3035:Archived
2845:Archived
2786:Archived
2731:Archived
2702:Archived
2630:. SAGE.
2548:Archived
2526:19213852
2477:10617191
2430:17090776
2339:11639284
2283:Archived
2246:Archived
2213:Archived
2184:Archived
2151:Archived
2114:Archived
2085:Archived
2056:Archived
2027:Archived
1998:Archived
1812:See also
1599:Benefits
1512:Theories
1365:evacuate
1231:'s poem
1000:Wikidata
935:dementia
903:Abramson
773:cataract
704:Physical
634:pensions
606:citizens
495:Brussels
489:(1656).
282:Maturity
72:a series
70:Part of
8576:Old age
8528:Related
8399:Records
8381:Oceania
8343:longest
8253:Germany
8248:Finland
8216:Belgium
8185:Oceania
7948:Old age
7801:Toddler
7755:Puberty
7646:New age
7500:excerpt
7445:Bibcode
7374:8 March
7361:Cbo.gov
7302:9737751
7243:4195126
6833:3623127
6805:Bibcode
6780:8 March
6767:Who.int
6744:8 March
6731:Who.int
6666:8 March
6467:Ssa.gov
6201:8 March
5922:7031747
5770:3812225
5747:Bibcode
5663:2689519
5444:12 June
5124:8 March
4977:8312979
4946:Bibcode
4565:2683339
4514:Who.int
4496:1512121
4414:7039134
4405:1273322
4256:8 March
4164:2763520
4116:3395224
3950:12 June
3918:8 March
3666:Cdc.gov
3231:7872732
3132:1891555
3060:Ssa.gov
2916:12 June
2890:4 April
2792:8 March
2762:12 June
2727:Oup.com
2517:2657166
2469:1727842
1975:Old age
1714:Culture
1614:In the
1298:chronic
1279:Markers
1248:frailty
1219:Frailty
1075:In the
982:Old age
970:In her
946:routine
916:people.
797:balding
654:In the
587:retiree
418:seniors
406:elderly
394:Old age
214:Puberty
204:Walking
131:Toddler
63:, Chile
8509:Klotho
8426:living
8371:Europe
8361:Africa
8323:Turkey
8313:Sweden
8298:Russia
8288:Mexico
8268:Israel
8258:Greece
8243:France
8236:Cities
8226:Canada
8221:Brazil
8180:Europe
8153:Africa
7940:Ageing
7796:Infant
7786:Phases
7767:Ageing
7745:Stages
7709:Embryo
7704:Zygote
7580:, and
7548:
7309:
7299:
7291:
7250:
7240:
7232:
7147:
7139:
6992:6 June
6831:
6823:
6797:Nature
6524:
6506:
6425:Un.org
6229:
6186:
6092:
6014:
5977:
5920:
5885:
5875:
5797:Amazon
5777:
5767:
5687:
5661:
5653:
5558:
5286:
5278:
5270:
5229:
5191:
5096:
5044:
5016:
4984:
4974:
4966:
4915:
4859:
4650:
4597:
4572:
4562:
4494:
4486:
4412:
4402:
4371:
4318:
4311:427621
4308:
4220:
4212:
4171:
4161:
4122:
4114:
3832:
3774:
3586:
3435:
3229:
3160:
3130:
2940:
2881:
2634:
2581:
2524:
2514:
2475:
2467:
2428:
2385:
2337:
1990:
1960:
1829:Ageism
1824:Ageing
1794:Titian
1781:, 1514
1656:walker
1522:Somali
1234:London
1166:ageism
1159:Ageism
1118:Utopia
1097:Ethics
907:Devine
886:Mental
873:thirst
744:saliva
737:sputum
669:, the
667:Canada
591:senior
461:ageism
459:, and
410:elders
224:Ageing
126:Infant
115:Embryo
110:Zygote
105:Gamete
97:Stages
8514:SIRT1
8484:FOXO3
8308:Spain
8278:Japan
8273:Italy
8263:India
8231:China
8148:World
8054:index
7885:Minor
7869:Dying
7825:Youth
7816:Child
7777:Death
7750:Early
7735:Birth
7714:Fetus
7368:(PDF)
7357:(PDF)
7145:S2CID
7057:(PDF)
7050:(PDF)
6956:(PDF)
6945:(PDF)
6829:S2CID
6774:(PDF)
6763:(PDF)
6738:(PDF)
6727:(PDF)
6591:(PDF)
6584:(PDF)
6522:S2CID
6342:(PDF)
6335:(PDF)
6309:(PDF)
6298:(PDF)
6260:(PDF)
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