56:
31:
5273:
2016:
1159:. He did not designate what we now know as plant families, but placed his genera in artificial groups for purposes of identification. After the work of Linnaeus, names for groups that included the genera of Oleaceae were used, but none of them was a
882:
Some of the older works have recognized as many as 29 genera in
Oleaceae. Today, most authors recognize at least 25, but this number will change because some of these genera have recently been shown to be polyphyletic.
1286:
The delimitation of genera in
Oleaceae has always been especially problematic. Some recent studies of small groups of related genera have shown that some of the genera are not monophyletic. For example,
1861:
Hong-Wa, Cynthia; Besnard, Guillaume (2013). "Intricate patterns of phylogenetic relationships in the olive family as inferred from multi-locus plastid and nuclear DNA sequence analyses: a close-up on
310:, which was resurrected in 2012. The number of species in the Oleaceae is variously estimated in a wide range around 700. The flowers are often numerous and highly odoriferous. The family has a sub
1169:
1181:
described at the taxonomic rank of family a group which they called "Oleinae". Their description is now regarded as the establishment of what we now know as
Oleaceae.
905:
populations that remained unchanged over long periods because of isolation imposed by geographical barriers like the low-elevation areas that separate mountain peaks.
1722:. Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii (Lars Salvius). (A facsimile with an introduction by William T. Stearn was published by the Ray Society in 1957).
830:
901:
dating, it is clear that
Oleaceae is an ancient family that became widely distributed early in its history. Some of the genera are believed to be
5509:
558:
5548:
2048:
840:
for
Oleaceae are in Southeast Asia and Australia. There are also a significant number of species in Africa, China, and North America. In the
528:
1244:
Oleaceae is one of only a few major plant families for which no well-sampled molecular phylogenetic study has ever been conducted. The only
1336:
is highly polyphyletic, with its species scattered across the phylogenetic tree of the subtribe
Oleinae. Its African species are closer to
1965:
Guo, Shi-Quan; Xiong, Min; Ji, Chun-Feng; Zhang, Zhi-Rong; Li, De-Zhu; Zhang, Zhi-Yong (2011). "Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of
1047:
usually 2 per locule; sometimes 4, rarely many. Nectary disk, when present, encircling the base of the ovary. The plants are most often
886:
Estimates of the number of species in
Oleaceae have ranged from 600 to 900. Most of the species number discrepancy is due to the genus
609:
1190:. Since that time, molecular phylogenetic work has shown that the next revision of Oleaceae must include substantial changes to the
5457:
2096:
1626:
vol. 15: Myrsinaceae – Loganiaceae. Science Press: Beijing, China; and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press: St. Louis, MO, USA.
5522:
5470:
5353:
1702:
1679:
1639:
1631:
1599:
1591:
1505:
1481:
1431:
1926:
Li, Jianhua; Goldman-Huertas, Benjamin; DeYoung, Jeffrey; Alexander III, John (2012). "Phylogenetics and
Diversification of
972:
are observed in certain taxa. The leaves may be either deciduous or evergreen, with evergreen species predominating in warm
5527:
704:
1911:
1422:
Peter S. Green. 2004. "Oleaceae". pages 296-306. In: Klaus
Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor).
2041:
1379:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
5651:
958:. The family is characterized by opposite leaves. Alternate or whorled arrangements are rarely observed, with some
1077:, from all others, is the fact that while the flowers are actinomorphic, the number of stamens is reduced to two.
5553:
5496:
952:
5615:
1003:, when present, are gamosepalous and gamopetalous, respectively, their lobes connate, at least at the base. The
5646:
1178:
148:
5535:
2075:
1174:
620:
144:
1786:
5276:
2101:
2091:
2034:
1790:
763:
5340:
5702:
5610:
5449:
5423:
1619:
1518:
1191:
1164:
402:
5602:
5358:
1361:
is in considerable doubt, but few of its closest relatives have been sampled in phylogenetic studies.
716:
5563:
5475:
2020:
1794:
810:
311:
55:
2086:
569:
1732:
1719:
468:
5444:
1280:
653:
1773:
1693:
1582:
5589:
5418:
5293:
1346:
1173:
in 1789, placed them in an order which he called "Jasmineae". In 1809, in a flora of Portugal,
822:
498:
1748:
5584:
5514:
1807:
Wallander, Eva; Albert, Victor A. (2000). "Phylogeny and classification of Oleaceae based on
1207:
5576:
5379:
1978:
1878:
1276:
318:
to the southernmost parts of Africa, Australia, and South America. Notable members include
8:
1622:" pages 272-319. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, and Hong Deyuan (editors). 1994 onward.
837:
5436:
5410:
2026:
1982:
1882:
1306:
1271:
Also, the family is notorious for incongruence between phylogenies based on plastid and
739:
5669:
5431:
5331:
5116:
4334:
4226:
3850:
2337:
2081:
1994:
1947:
1832:
1265:
266:
192:
50:
1326:
consists of at least three lineages whose closest relatives are not other lineages of
5697:
5571:
5366:
5073:
4872:
4424:
4284:
4213:
4136:
4017:
3903:
3820:
3185:
2176:
2112:
1894:
1840:
1698:
1675:
1635:
1627:
1595:
1587:
1563:
1501:
1477:
1427:
1395:
1378:
1221:
1160:
1156:
973:
826:
390:
1998:
1969:
Lour. (Oleaceae) and related genera based on three chloroplast intergenic spacers".
1951:
5674:
4957:
4947:
4907:
4887:
4663:
4593:
4568:
4515:
4289:
4279:
4042:
3979:
3923:
3898:
3644:
3549:
3516:
3306:
3220:
3215:
3190:
3091:
3053:
2961:
2625:
2488:
2463:
2458:
2251:
2168:
1986:
1939:
1886:
1824:
1603:
1555:
1546:
Refulio-Rodriguez, Nancy F.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2014). "Phylogeny of Lamiidae".
1444:
1400:
1390:
1291:
1225:
1129:
1063:
1011:. These are inserted on the corolla tube and alternate with the corolla lobes. The
1000:
902:
825:
studies, but the relationships among the tribes were not clarified until 2014. The
666:
581:
434:
347:
331:
269:
1320:, and this was confirmed in a cladistic comparison of selected chloroplast genes.
930:
502:
5661:
5371:
5345:
5238:
5025:
4892:
4877:
4457:
4344:
4324:
4319:
4309:
4274:
4090:
4085:
3885:
3855:
3825:
3709:
3674:
3634:
3609:
3599:
3559:
3311:
3200:
3083:
3058:
2953:
2925:
2915:
2708:
2678:
2620:
2605:
2468:
2294:
2201:
2058:
1214:
1203:
1186:
1074:
1012:
898:
818:
397:
288:
273:
93:
5540:
1890:
1651:
5638:
5230:
5220:
5202:
5174:
5136:
5126:
5078:
5045:
5035:
5030:
4952:
4902:
4849:
4834:
4719:
4633:
4573:
4563:
4467:
4369:
4304:
4294:
4254:
4236:
4037:
3964:
3752:
3714:
3669:
3604:
3579:
3554:
3498:
3412:
3180:
3127:
3063:
2920:
2812:
2789:
2751:
2728:
2718:
2521:
2383:
2322:
2186:
1493:
1067:
1055:
1032:
1028:
996:
876:
860:
802:
775:
770:
627:
483:
80:
1990:
1607:
5691:
5316:
5212:
5141:
5111:
5088:
5083:
5068:
5020:
4987:
4982:
4917:
4711:
4696:
4643:
4623:
4583:
4578:
4558:
4520:
4472:
4419:
4409:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4329:
4244:
4221:
4203:
4171:
4156:
4118:
4022:
4002:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3840:
3835:
3815:
3800:
3762:
3757:
3704:
3694:
3689:
3639:
3619:
3594:
3584:
3485:
3407:
3387:
3326:
3321:
3301:
3235:
3205:
3165:
3073:
3068:
3015:
2885:
2847:
2822:
2794:
2779:
2723:
2703:
2698:
2615:
2582:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2513:
2503:
2493:
2473:
2443:
2375:
2342:
2332:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2148:
2130:
2062:
1261:
1152:
1137:
1089:
1048:
955:
894:
429:
414:
1268:
of Oleaceae is very low compared to that of most other angiosperm families.
871:. In the case that the fruit is a berry, the species is mostly dispersed by
30:
5628:
5151:
5146:
5131:
5121:
5060:
4942:
4927:
4897:
4854:
4844:
4798:
4775:
4765:
4737:
4638:
4618:
4588:
4530:
4477:
4399:
4354:
4314:
4269:
4259:
4249:
4141:
4110:
4075:
4060:
3974:
3969:
3875:
3629:
3624:
3589:
3569:
3544:
3531:
3521:
3493:
3450:
3445:
3402:
3369:
3354:
3316:
3293:
3230:
3225:
3210:
3175:
3157:
3109:
3048:
3043:
3035:
2910:
2870:
2804:
2784:
2774:
2766:
2733:
2693:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2572:
2567:
2531:
2448:
2327:
2284:
2181:
2158:
2122:
1898:
1844:
1567:
1519:"Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
1341:
1245:
1233:
1229:
1040:
856:
457:
371:
163:
968:
are pinnately veined and can be serrate, dentate or entire at the margin.
5483:
5325:
5106:
5002:
4962:
4937:
4932:
4922:
4790:
4780:
4770:
4752:
4701:
4653:
4648:
4628:
4608:
4535:
4462:
4404:
4359:
4299:
4264:
4161:
4151:
4095:
4007:
3946:
3941:
3893:
3865:
3845:
3805:
3787:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3654:
3649:
3614:
3508:
3465:
3440:
3364:
3336:
3331:
3170:
3147:
3132:
3101:
3020:
2895:
2875:
2837:
2688:
2683:
2660:
2645:
2587:
2577:
2483:
2478:
2430:
2347:
2271:
2256:
2233:
2228:
2153:
2140:
1472:
Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham.
1272:
1249:
1184:
The last revision of Oleaceae was published in 2004 in a series entitled
1133:
1125:
944:
914:
814:
673:
661:
637:
564:
447:
423:
343:
168:
1774:
A Checklist of Family and Suprafamilial Names for Extant Vascular Plants
1559:
5189:
5179:
5156:
5040:
4977:
4912:
4839:
4816:
4742:
4688:
4598:
4452:
4439:
4414:
4394:
4146:
4128:
4100:
4070:
4065:
3997:
3956:
3933:
3870:
3860:
3810:
3795:
3724:
3679:
3664:
3574:
3475:
3455:
3417:
3397:
3119:
3025:
2905:
2890:
2880:
2610:
2559:
2498:
2453:
2304:
2261:
2220:
2211:
1836:
1405:
1073:
The obvious feature that distinguishes Oleaceae and its sister family,
1004:
965:
864:
849:
782:
648:
590:
463:
409:
379:
358:
The following 29 extant genera are recognized in the family Oleaceae.
178:
1301:. It is a distinct group of 23 species and had been named as a genus,
5488:
5405:
5392:
5197:
5166:
5098:
4967:
4826:
4808:
4760:
4729:
4658:
4603:
4540:
4525:
4510:
4447:
4429:
4364:
4339:
4176:
4080:
4032:
4012:
3659:
3564:
3539:
3010:
3002:
2900:
2865:
2842:
2832:
2817:
2756:
2713:
2673:
2650:
2420:
2352:
2243:
1925:
1618:
Mei-chen Chang, Lien-ching Chiu, Zhi Wei, and Peter S. Green. 1996. "
1500:. The Macmillan Press,Limited: London. The Stockton Press: New York.
1117:
1105:
1093:
1016:
890:
in which as few as 200 or as many as 450 species have been accepted.
747:
734:
576:
545:
477:
442:
385:
339:
315:
173:
5501:
5462:
5287:
1828:
362:
is not included, even though some authors continue to recognize it.
5623:
5310:
5050:
4972:
4864:
4613:
4550:
4502:
4492:
4349:
4166:
4052:
4027:
3989:
3830:
3699:
3684:
3470:
3460:
3435:
3392:
3359:
3268:
3195:
2992:
2975:
2827:
2743:
2597:
2412:
2402:
2314:
1943:
1217:
1202:
Oleaceae is most closely related to the small Indo-Malesian family
1097:
977:
960:
868:
821:. The distinctiveness of each tribe has been strongly supported in
758:
711:
698:
688:
681:
615:
596:
509:
493:
323:
291:
129:
119:
106:
5397:
5012:
4678:
3777:
3732:
3427:
3379:
3346:
3260:
2984:
2930:
2438:
1232:
group known as the "basal Lamiales", which is in contrast to the
1224:. The families Plocospermataceae, Carlemanniaceae, Oleaceae, and
1113:
992:
969:
948:
940:
853:
845:
841:
534:
327:
299:
1248:
study of the entire family sampled 76 species for two noncoding
980:
regions, and deciduous species predominating in colder regions.
3283:
3250:
2857:
2668:
2015:
1762:
Flore Portugaise ou description de toutes des plantes ... 1:62.
1354:
and will be formally transferred to it in a forthcoming paper.
1121:
1036:
1024:
1020:
1008:
988:
984:
522:
335:
295:
183:
1760:
Johann Centurius von Hoffmannsegg and Johann H.F. Link. 1809.
5597:
5384:
1210:
1109:
1081:
1080:
Many members of the family are economically significant. The
1059:
1044:
926:
922:
319:
303:
284:
276:
67:
38:
1737:
Genera plantarum :secundum ordines naturales disposita, ...
1498:
The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening
1260:. Little was determined in this study, largely because the
936:
918:
872:
723:
280:
1426:
volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany.
1376:
2056:
1652:
Flora ornamental española, VI (Araliaceae – Boraginaceae)
1545:
1316:
has long been suspected of having originated from within
1141:
1586:
second edition (2009). Springer Science+Business Media.
987:
are most often bisexual and actinomorphic, occurring in
1776:." At: Home page of James L. Reveal and C. Rose Broome.
1136:. At least two species of jasmine are the source of an
1697:
third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK.
1350:. Its Madagascan species are phylogenetically within
1155:
named eight of the genera of Oleaceae in 1753 in his
677:
1930:Inferred from Nuclear and Plastid DNA Sequences".
5689:
1275:. The most likely cause of this incongruence is
933:, climbing by scrambling into other vegetation.
1964:
1806:
964:species presenting a spiral configuration. The
2952:
1905:
1860:
632:C.B.Shang, X.R.Wang, Yi F.Duan & Yong F.Li
2042:
1856:
1854:
1800:
1685:
2374:
1766:
1662:
1660:
1574:
1541:
1539:
1418:
1416:
2049:
2035:
1851:
1496:, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (1992).
1424:The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
1206:. These two families form the second most
1187:The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
1163:of the family name Oleaceae. For example,
844:the family is represented in a variety of
833:that can be represented as {Myxopyreae }.
29:
1714:Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné). 1753.
1657:
1645:
1536:
1404:
1394:
1370:
1612:
1436:
1413:
1383:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
4490:
1958:
1666:Peter S. Green and Diana Miller. 2009.
5690:
3259:
1919:
817:, but the family is divided into five
5292:
5291:
3248:
2030:
1871:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1474:Flowering Plant Families of the World
1442:
5652:4aec07e0-6b31-4c3b-9704-91b75bd0e79c
5603:B33D6E9A-6B86-5065-9600-3EA2E870C8DD
5564:f1d6cd23-b289-42a7-bbbc-0725459f52b3
1916:in International Plant Names Index.
1751:in International Plant Names Index.
1731:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. 1789. "
1580:Armen L. Takhtajan (Takhtadzhian).
1466:
1377:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
1140:. Their flowers are often added to
1104:) are valued for their tough wood.
913:Members of the family Oleaceae are
13:
5616:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001336-2
1785:Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "
1487:
1476:. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada.
1051:but sometimes polygamomonoecious.
14:
5714:
2008:
1197:
5272:
5271:
2014:
1396:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
893:In spite of the sparsity of the
875:. The wind-dispersed fruits are
366:is not easy to distinguish from
54:
1971:Plant Systematics and Evolution
1779:
1772:James L. Reveal. 2008 onward. "
1754:
1742:
1725:
1708:
370:, mostly because the latter is
1793:. At: Botanical Databases At:
1674:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
1511:
908:
1:
1364:
1297:is separate from the rest of
1175:Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg
1791:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
294:. It presently comprises 28
237:Nyctantheae (Nyctanthaceae)
207:Forstiereae (Forstieraceae)
7:
1891:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.003
1239:
796:
298:, one of which is recently
10:
5719:
1817:American Journal of Botany
1691:David J. Mabberley. 2008.
1548:American Journal of Botany
1523:Plants of the World Online
1165:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
1147:
995:, and often fragrant. The
16:Family of flowering plants
5300:
5267:
5229:
5211:
5188:
5165:
5097:
5059:
5011:
5000:
4863:
4825:
4807:
4789:
4751:
4728:
4710:
4687:
4676:
4549:
4501:
4438:
4235:
4212:
4201:
4127:
4109:
4051:
3988:
3955:
3932:
3884:
3786:
3775:
3723:
3530:
3507:
3484:
3426:
3378:
3345:
3292:
3281:
3277:
3156:
3145:
3118:
3100:
3082:
3034:
3001:
2983:
2974:
2943:
2856:
2803:
2765:
2742:
2659:
2596:
2558:
2530:
2512:
2429:
2411:
2396:
2365:
2313:
2270:
2242:
2219:
2210:
2199:
2167:
2139:
2121:
2110:
2070:
1991:10.1007/s00606-011-0445-z
1795:Missouri Botanical Garden
1608:10.1007/978-1-4020-9609-9
929:. Some of the shrubs are
374:and not clearly defined.
353:
312:cosmopolitan distribution
198:
191:
160:
155:
51:Scientific classification
49:
37:
28:
23:
897:, and the inaccuracy of
225:Jasmineae (Jasminaceae)
219:Iasmineae (Iasminaceae)
213:Fraxineae (Fraxinaceae)
5659:Watson & Dallwitz:
1718:, 1st edition, vol. 1,
1279:resulting from rampant
1096:extracted from it. The
1019:consists of a compound
1694:Mabberley's Plant-Book
1445:"Synopsis of American
1443:Nesom, Guy L. (2012).
1347:Chionanthus virginicus
863:is almost entirely by
823:molecular phylogenetic
805:genus for Oleaceae is
330:, and several popular
5585:Paleobiology Database
1735:" pages 104-106. In:
1344:, the North American
809:, the olives. Recent
2023:at Wikimedia Commons
1277:reticulate evolution
838:centers of diversity
829:for Oleaceae is a 5-
257:, also known as the
1983:2011PSyEv.294...57G
1883:2013MolPE..67..367H
1560:10.3732/ajb.1300394
1088:) is important for
1054:The fruit can be a
1015:are two-lobed. The
859:. In Oleaceae, the
314:, ranging from the
5117:Pentaphragmataceae
4335:Stegnospermataceae
4227:Berberidopsidaceae
3851:Pentadiplandraceae
2338:Atherospermataceae
1266:chloroplast genome
5703:Lamiales families
5685:
5684:
5572:Open Tree of Life
5294:Taxon identifiers
5285:
5284:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5074:Cardiopteridaceae
4996:
4995:
4873:Plocospermataceae
4672:
4671:
4486:
4485:
4425:Anacampserotaceae
4285:Ancistrocladaceae
4214:Berberidopsidales
4197:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4137:Biebersteiniaceae
4018:Sphaerosepalaceae
3904:Strasburgeriaceae
3821:Setchellanthaceae
3771:
3770:
3244:
3243:
3186:Cercidiphyllaceae
3141:
3140:
2970:
2969:
2939:
2938:
2392:
2391:
2361:
2360:
2195:
2194:
2177:Austrobaileyaceae
2019:Media related to
1733:ORDO IV Jasmineae
1716:Species Plantarum
1703:978-0-521-82071-4
1680:978-1-84246-011-5
1640:978-0-915279-34-0
1632:978-0-915279-37-1
1600:978-1-4020-9609-9
1592:978-1-4020-9608-2
1506:978-0-333-47494-5
1482:978-1-55407-206-4
1432:978-3-540-40593-1
1357:The monophyly of
1236:"core Lamiales".
1222:Plocospermataceae
1161:valid publication
1157:Species Plantarum
1130:ornamental plants
848:, from low-lying
827:phylogenetic tree
778:
766:
753:
742:
729:
719:
707:
694:
684:
669:
656:
643:
623:
602:
584:
572:
551:
540:
515:
505:
489:
471:
450:
438:– white forsythia
437:
417:
405:
393:
332:ornamental plants
261:or sometimes the
252:
251:
246:
240:
234:
228:
222:
216:
210:
204:
151:
5710:
5678:
5677:
5665:
5664:
5655:
5654:
5642:
5641:
5632:
5631:
5619:
5618:
5606:
5605:
5593:
5592:
5580:
5579:
5567:
5566:
5557:
5556:
5544:
5543:
5541:NBNSYS0000160558
5531:
5530:
5518:
5517:
5505:
5504:
5492:
5491:
5479:
5478:
5466:
5465:
5453:
5452:
5440:
5439:
5427:
5426:
5414:
5413:
5401:
5400:
5388:
5387:
5375:
5374:
5362:
5361:
5349:
5348:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5289:
5288:
5275:
5274:
5009:
5008:
4958:Thomandersiaceae
4948:Lentibulariaceae
4908:Scrophulariaceae
4888:Tetrachondraceae
4685:
4684:
4674:
4673:
4664:Mitrastemonaceae
4594:Pentaphylacaceae
4569:Tetrameristaceae
4516:Hydrostachyaceae
4499:
4498:
4488:
4487:
4290:Rhabdodendraceae
4280:Dioncophyllaceae
4210:
4209:
4043:Dipterocarpaceae
3980:Dipentodontaceae
3924:Crossosomataceae
3899:Geissolomataceae
3784:
3783:
3645:Chrysobalanaceae
3550:Ctenolophonaceae
3517:Lepidobotryaceae
3307:Anisophylleaceae
3290:
3289:
3279:
3278:
3257:
3256:
3246:
3245:
3221:Tetracarpaeaceae
3216:Aphanopetalaceae
3191:Daphniphyllaceae
3154:
3153:
3143:
3142:
3092:Trochodendraceae
3054:Circaeasteraceae
2981:
2980:
2962:Ceratophyllaceae
2950:
2949:
2626:Alstroemeriaceae
2489:Potamogetonaceae
2464:Scheuchzeriaceae
2459:Hydrocharitaceae
2409:
2408:
2372:
2371:
2252:Aristolochiaceae
2217:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2169:Austrobaileyales
2119:
2118:
2115:
2113:Basalangiosperms
2097:Acrogymnospermae
2059:flowering plants
2051:
2044:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2018:
2003:
2002:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1923:
1917:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1815:sequence data".
1804:
1798:
1783:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1729:
1723:
1712:
1706:
1689:
1683:
1664:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1616:
1610:
1583:Flowering Plants
1578:
1572:
1571:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1515:
1509:
1491:
1485:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1440:
1434:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1398:
1374:
1307:João de Loureiro
1226:Tetrachondraceae
1179:Johann H.F. Link
1170:Genera Plantarum
788:
774:
762:
751:
738:
727:
715:
702:
692:
680:
679:
665:
652:
641:
633:
619:
600:
580:
568:
549:
538:
513:
497:
487:
467:
446:
433:
413:
401:
389:
244:
238:
232:
226:
220:
214:
208:
202:
143:
59:
58:
33:
21:
20:
5718:
5717:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5707:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5673:
5668:
5660:
5658:
5650:
5645:
5637:
5635:
5627:
5622:
5614:
5609:
5601:
5596:
5588:
5583:
5575:
5570:
5562:
5560:
5552:
5547:
5539:
5534:
5526:
5521:
5513:
5508:
5500:
5495:
5487:
5482:
5474:
5469:
5461:
5456:
5448:
5443:
5435:
5430:
5422:
5417:
5409:
5404:
5396:
5391:
5383:
5378:
5370:
5365:
5357:
5352:
5344:
5339:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5296:
5286:
5281:
5243:
5239:Paracryphiaceae
5225:
5207:
5184:
5161:
5093:
5055:
5026:Torricelliaceae
5005:
4992:
4893:Calceolariaceae
4878:Carlemanniaceae
4859:
4821:
4803:
4785:
4747:
4724:
4706:
4681:
4668:
4545:
4495:
4482:
4458:Balanophoraceae
4434:
4345:Lophiocarpaceae
4325:Achatocarpaceae
4320:Caryophyllaceae
4310:Macarthuriaceae
4275:Drosophyllaceae
4231:
4206:
4181:
4123:
4105:
4091:Crypteroniaceae
4086:Melastomataceae
4047:
3984:
3951:
3928:
3886:Crossosomatales
3880:
3856:Gyrostemonaceae
3826:Koeberliniaceae
3780:
3767:
3719:
3710:Picrodendraceae
3675:Lacistemataceae
3635:Dichapetalaceae
3610:Centroplacaceae
3600:Lophopyxidaceae
3560:Erythroxylaceae
3526:
3503:
3480:
3422:
3374:
3341:
3312:Corynocarpaceae
3286:
3273:
3253:
3240:
3201:Grossulariaceae
3150:
3137:
3114:
3096:
3084:Trochodendrales
3078:
3059:Lardizabalaceae
3030:
2997:
2966:
2954:Ceratophyllales
2945:Ceratophyllidae
2935:
2926:Ecdeiocoleaceae
2916:Flagellariaceae
2852:
2799:
2761:
2738:
2709:Tecophilaeaceae
2679:Blandfordiaceae
2655:
2621:Petermanniaceae
2606:Campynemataceae
2592:
2554:
2526:
2508:
2469:Aponogetonaceae
2425:
2400:
2388:
2357:
2309:
2295:Himantandraceae
2266:
2238:
2204:
2202:Mesangiospermae
2191:
2163:
2135:
2111:
2106:
2087:Marchantiophyta
2066:
2055:
2011:
2006:
1963:
1959:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1906:
1859:
1852:
1829:10.2307/2656836
1823:(12): 1827–41.
1805:
1801:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1730:
1726:
1713:
1709:
1690:
1686:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1617:
1613:
1579:
1575:
1544:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1492:
1488:
1471:
1467:
1451:
1441:
1437:
1421:
1414:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1242:
1204:Carlemanniaceae
1200:
1192:circumscription
1150:
1132:in gardens and
1075:Carlemanniaceae
911:
899:molecular-clock
811:classifications
799:
786:
631:
356:
142:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5716:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5675:wfo-7000000422
5666:
5656:
5643:
5633:
5620:
5607:
5594:
5581:
5568:
5558:
5545:
5532:
5519:
5506:
5493:
5480:
5467:
5454:
5441:
5428:
5415:
5402:
5389:
5376:
5363:
5350:
5337:
5322:
5306:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5235:
5233:
5231:Paracryphiales
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5221:Escalloniaceae
5217:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5203:Caprifoliaceae
5200:
5194:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5175:Columelliaceae
5171:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5137:Argophyllaceae
5134:
5129:
5127:Alseuosmiaceae
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5079:Phyllonomaceae
5076:
5071:
5065:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5046:Myodocarpaceae
5043:
5038:
5036:Pittosporaceae
5033:
5031:Griseliniaceae
5028:
5023:
5017:
5015:
5006:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4953:Schlegeliaceae
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4903:Plantaginaceae
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4850:Sphenocleaceae
4847:
4842:
4837:
4835:Convolvulaceae
4831:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4813:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4757:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4720:Metteniusaceae
4716:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4682:
4677:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4634:Sarraceniaceae
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4574:Fouquieriaceae
4571:
4566:
4564:Marcgraviaceae
4561:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4496:
4491:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4468:Misodendraceae
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4444:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4370:Phytolaccaceae
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4305:Asteropeiaceae
4302:
4297:
4295:Simmondsiaceae
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:Plumbaginaceae
4252:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4237:Caryophyllales
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4207:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4038:Sarcolaenaceae
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3965:Gerrardinaceae
3961:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3790:
3781:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3753:Elaeocarpaceae
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3715:Phyllanthaceae
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3670:Passifloraceae
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3605:Putranjivaceae
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3580:Calophyllaceae
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3555:Rhizophoraceae
3552:
3547:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3499:Zygophyllaceae
3496:
3490:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3413:Ticodendraceae
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3384:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3287:
3282:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3254:
3249:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3181:Hamamelidaceae
3178:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3146:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3128:Myrothamnaceae
3124:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3064:Menispermaceae
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2921:Joinvilleaceae
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2813:Strelitziaceae
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2790:Pontederiaceae
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2752:Dasypogonaceae
2748:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2729:Amaryllidaceae
2726:
2721:
2719:Xeronemataceae
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2522:Petrosaviaceae
2518:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2406:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2384:Chloranthaceae
2380:
2378:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2323:Calycanthaceae
2319:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2187:Schisandraceae
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2092:Polypodiophyta
2089:
2084:
2079:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2010:
2009:External links
2007:
2005:
2004:
1977:(1–2): 57–64.
1957:
1944:10.2179/11-016
1918:
1904:
1877:(2): 367–378.
1869:(Oleaceae)"".
1850:
1799:
1778:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1724:
1707:
1684:
1672:in Cultivation
1656:
1644:
1624:Flora of China
1611:
1573:
1554:(2): 287–299.
1535:
1510:
1494:Anthony Huxley
1486:
1465:
1435:
1412:
1389:(2): 105–121.
1368:
1366:
1363:
1241:
1238:
1199:
1198:Classification
1196:
1149:
1146:
1128:are valued as
910:
907:
861:seed dispersal
798:
795:
794:
793:
792:
791:
790:
789:
779:
771:Priogymnanthus
767:
755:
744:
731:
720:
708:
695:
685:
670:
658:
657:– swamp privet
645:
634:
628:Chengiodendron
624:
606:
605:
604:
587:
586:
585:
573:
555:
554:
553:
542:
519:
518:
517:
506:
490:
484:Chrysojasminum
474:
473:
472:
454:
453:
452:
439:
420:
419:
418:
406:
394:
355:
352:
250:
249:
248:
247:
241:
235:
229:
223:
217:
211:
205:
201:Bolivariaceae
196:
195:
189:
188:
187:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
158:
157:
153:
152:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
110:
109:
104:
97:
96:
91:
84:
83:
78:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5715:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5676:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5657:
5653:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5634:
5630:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5559:
5555:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5327:
5323:
5318:
5312:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5290:
5278:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5213:Escalloniales
5210:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5142:Menyanthaceae
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5112:Campanulaceae
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5089:Aquifoliaceae
5087:
5085:
5084:Helwingiaceae
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5069:Stemonuraceae
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:Pennantiaceae
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5004:
4999:
4989:
4988:Orobanchaceae
4986:
4984:
4983:Paulowniaceae
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4918:Linderniaceae
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4712:Metteniusales
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4697:Oncothecaceae
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4675:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4644:Actinidiaceae
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4624:Diapensiaceae
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4584:Lecythidaceae
4582:
4580:
4579:Polemoniaceae
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4559:Balsaminaceae
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4521:Hydrangeaceae
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4489:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4473:Schoepfiaceae
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4420:Portulacaceae
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:Halophytaceae
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4390:Molluginaceae
4388:
4386:
4385:Nyctaginaceae
4383:
4381:
4380:Sarcobataceae
4378:
4376:
4375:Petiveriaceae
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:Amaranthaceae
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4245:Frankeniaceae
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4222:Aextoxicaceae
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4204:Superasterids
4200:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4172:Simaroubaceae
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:Anacardiaceae
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4119:Picramniaceae
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:Thymelaeaceae
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Muntingiaceae
4001:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3919:Stachyuraceae
3917:
3915:
3914:Guamatelaceae
3912:
3910:
3909:Staphyleaceae
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:Emblingiaceae
3839:
3837:
3836:Salvadoraceae
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Limnanthaceae
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:Tropaeolaceae
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3774:
3764:
3763:Brunelliaceae
3761:
3759:
3758:Cephalotaceae
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3705:Ixonanthaceae
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:Euphorbiaceae
3693:
3691:
3690:Rafflesiaceae
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3640:Euphroniaceae
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3620:Malpighiaceae
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3595:Caryocaraceae
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3585:Podostemaceae
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3486:Zygophyllales
3483:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:Casuarinaceae
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3388:Nothofagaceae
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:Tetramelaceae
3325:
3323:
3322:Cucurbitaceae
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:Apodanthaceae
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3247:
3237:
3236:Cynomoriaceae
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:Saxifragaceae
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Peridiscaceae
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3074:Ranunculaceae
3072:
3070:
3069:Berberidaceae
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Nelumbonaceae
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2886:Eriocaulaceae
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2848:Zingiberaceae
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2823:Heliconiaceae
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2795:Haemodoraceae
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2780:Commelinaceae
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:Asphodelaceae
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Ixioliriaceae
2702:
2700:
2699:Doryanthaceae
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Melanthiaceae
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:Cyclanthaceae
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2550:Dioscoreaceae
2548:
2546:
2545:Burmanniaceae
2543:
2541:
2540:Nartheciaceae
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2514:Petrosaviales
2511:
2505:
2504:Cymodoceaceae
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Posidoniaceae
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:Juncaginaceae
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:Tofieldiaceae
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2376:Chloranthales
2373:
2370:
2368:
2367:Chloranthidae
2364:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2343:Hernandiaceae
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2333:Gomortegaceae
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2300:Eupomatiaceae
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:Degeneriaceae
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:Myristicaceae
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:Hydatellaceae
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2131:Amborellaceae
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1281:hybridization
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1262:mutation rate
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:Carl Linnaeus
1145:
1143:
1139:
1138:essential oil
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:Olea europaea
1083:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1049:hermaphrodite
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
962:
957:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
906:
904:
900:
896:
895:fossil record
891:
889:
884:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
813:recognize no
812:
808:
804:
785:
784:
780:
777:
773:
772:
768:
765:
761:
760:
756:
754:– mock-privet
750:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:
732:
726:
725:
721:
718:
714:
713:
709:
706:
701:
700:
696:
691:
690:
686:
683:
676:
675:
671:
668:
664:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:
646:
644:– fringe tree
640:
639:
635:
630:
629:
625:
622:
618:
617:
613:
612:
611:
607:
599:
598:
594:
593:
592:
588:
583:
579:
578:
574:
571:
567:
566:
562:
561:
560:
556:
548:
547:
543:
537:
536:
532:
531:
530:
526:
525:
524:
520:
512:
511:
507:
504:
500:
496:
495:
491:
486:
485:
481:
480:
479:
475:
470:
466:
465:
461:
460:
459:
455:
449:
445:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:
430:Abeliophyllum
427:
426:
425:
421:
416:
412:
411:
407:
404:
400:
399:
395:
392:
388:
387:
383:
382:
381:
377:
376:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:. The extant
301:
297:
293:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
242:
236:
230:
224:
218:
212:
206:
200:
199:
197:
194:
190:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
159:
154:
150:
146:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:Tracheophytes
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
43:Olea europaea
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5301:
5152:Calyceraceae
5147:Goodeniaceae
5132:Phellinaceae
5122:Stylidiaceae
5061:Aquifoliales
4943:Bignoniaceae
4928:Martyniaceae
4898:Gesneriaceae
4882:
4855:Hydroleaceae
4845:Montiniaceae
4799:Boraginaceae
4776:Gelsemiaceae
4766:Gentianaceae
4738:Eucommiaceae
4639:Roridulaceae
4619:Symplocaceae
4589:Sladeniaceae
4531:Curtisiaceae
4478:Loranthaceae
4400:Didiereaceae
4355:Barbeuiaceae
4315:Microteaceae
4270:Nepenthaceae
4260:Polygonaceae
4250:Tamaricaceae
4142:Nitrariaceae
4111:Picramniales
4076:Vochysiaceae
4061:Combretaceae
3975:Tapisciaceae
3970:Petenaeaceae
3876:Brassicaceae
3630:Trigoniaceae
3625:Balanopaceae
3590:Hypericaceae
3570:Bonnetiaceae
3545:Irvingiaceae
3532:Malpighiales
3522:Celastraceae
3494:Krameriaceae
3451:Elaeagnaceae
3446:Dirachmaceae
3403:Juglandaceae
3370:Polygalaceae
3355:Quillajaceae
3317:Coriariaceae
3294:Cucurbitales
3231:Haloragaceae
3226:Penthoraceae
3211:Crassulaceae
3176:Altingiaceae
3158:Saxifragales
3110:Dilleniaceae
3049:Papaveraceae
3044:Eupteleaceae
3036:Ranunculales
2944:
2911:Restionaceae
2871:Bromeliaceae
2805:Zingiberales
2785:Philydraceae
2775:Hanguanaceae
2767:Commelinales
2734:Asparagaceae
2694:Hypoxidaceae
2641:Ripogonaceae
2636:Philesiaceae
2631:Colchicaceae
2573:Velloziaceae
2568:Triuridaceae
2532:Dioscoreales
2449:Alismataceae
2397:
2366:
2328:Siparunaceae
2285:Magnoliaceae
2182:Trimeniaceae
2159:Nymphaeaceae
2123:Amborellales
2102:Angiospermae
2057:Families of
1974:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1938:(1): 82–88.
1935:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1907:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1781:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1744:
1736:
1727:
1715:
1710:
1692:
1687:
1671:
1667:
1647:
1623:
1614:
1581:
1576:
1551:
1547:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1497:
1489:
1473:
1468:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1438:
1423:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1342:type species
1340:than to its
1337:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1270:
1257:
1253:
1246:DNA sequence
1243:
1234:monophyletic
1230:polyphyletic
1201:
1185:
1183:
1168:
1151:
1126:fringe trees
1101:
1092:and for the
1085:
1079:
1072:
1053:
1041:placentation
982:
959:
935:
925:; a few are
915:woody plants
912:
892:
887:
885:
881:
857:cloud forest
835:
806:
800:
781:
769:
757:
746:
733:
722:
710:
697:
687:
672:
660:
647:
636:
626:
614:
595:
575:
563:
559:Schreberinae
544:
533:
508:
492:
482:
462:
458:Fontanesieae
441:
428:
408:
396:
384:
372:polyphyletic
367:
363:
359:
357:
307:
283:, and a few
263:lilac family
262:
259:olive family
258:
254:
253:
243:Syringaceae
164:Fontanesieae
139:
113:
100:
87:
74:
42:
18:
5484:iNaturalist
5326:Wikispecies
5107:Rousseaceae
5003:Campanulids
4963:Verbenaceae
4938:Acanthaceae
4933:Pedaliaceae
4923:Byblidaceae
4791:Boraginales
4781:Apocynaceae
4771:Loganiaceae
4753:Gentianales
4702:Icacinaceae
4654:Cyrillaceae
4649:Clethraceae
4629:Styracaceae
4609:Primulaceae
4536:Grubbiaceae
4463:Santalaceae
4405:Basellaceae
4360:Gisekiaceae
4300:Physenaceae
4265:Droseraceae
4162:Sapindaceae
4152:Burseraceae
4096:Alzateaceae
4008:Neuradaceae
3947:Francoaceae
3942:Geraniaceae
3894:Aphloiaceae
3866:Capparaceae
3846:Tovariaceae
3806:Moringaceae
3788:Brassicales
3748:Cunoniaceae
3743:Oxalidaceae
3738:Connaraceae
3655:Achariaceae
3650:Humiriaceae
3615:Elatinaceae
3509:Celastrales
3466:Cannabaceae
3441:Barbeyaceae
3365:Surianaceae
3337:Begoniaceae
3332:Datiscaceae
3171:Paeoniaceae
3148:Superrosids
3133:Gunneraceae
3102:Dilleniales
3021:Platanaceae
2896:Thurniaceae
2876:Rapateaceae
2838:Marantaceae
2689:Lanariaceae
2684:Asteliaceae
2669:Orchidaceae
2661:Asparagales
2646:Smilacaceae
2588:Pandanaceae
2578:Stemonaceae
2484:Zosteraceae
2479:Maundiaceae
2431:Alismatales
2348:Monimiaceae
2272:Magnoliales
2257:Saururaceae
2234:Winteraceae
2229:Canellaceae
2212:Magnoliidae
2154:Cabombaceae
2141:Nymphaeales
2074:Supergroup
1863:Chionanthus
1528:28 November
1456:Phytoneuron
1406:10654/18083
1334:Chionanthus
1273:nuclear DNA
1250:chloroplast
1194:of genera.
1134:landscaping
1118:osmanthuses
909:Description
815:subfamilies
743:– osmanthus
703:Stadman ex
674:Hesperelaea
662:Haenianthus
638:Chionanthus
565:Comoranthus
529:Ligustrinae
451:– forsythia
424:Forsythieae
368:Chionanthus
344:fringetrees
239:J.G. Agardh
231:Lilacaceae
169:Forsythieae
94:Angiosperms
5692:Categories
5502:30001336-2
5190:Dipsacales
5180:Bruniaceae
5157:Asteraceae
5041:Araliaceae
4978:Phrymaceae
4913:Stilbaceae
4840:Solanaceae
4817:Vahliaceae
4743:Garryaceae
4689:Icacinales
4599:Sapotaceae
4453:Opiliaceae
4440:Santalales
4415:Talinaceae
4395:Montiaceae
4147:Kirkiaceae
4129:Sapindales
4101:Penaeaceae
4071:Onagraceae
4066:Lythraceae
3998:Cytinaceae
3957:Huerteales
3934:Geraniales
3871:Cleomaceae
3861:Resedaceae
3811:Caricaceae
3796:Akaniaceae
3725:Oxalidales
3680:Salicaceae
3665:Goupiaceae
3575:Clusiaceae
3476:Urticaceae
3456:Rhamnaceae
3418:Betulaceae
3398:Myricaceae
3120:Gunnerales
3026:Proteaceae
2906:Cyperaceae
2891:Mayacaceae
2881:Xyridaceae
2611:Corsiaceae
2560:Pandanales
2499:Ruppiaceae
2454:Butomaceae
2305:Annonaceae
2262:Piperaceae
2221:Canellales
1913:Tetrapilus
1668:The Genus
1634:(vol. 15)
1365:References
1312:The genus
1303:Tetrapilus
1295:Tetrapilus
1106:Forsythias
1043:is axile.
1005:androecium
850:dry forest
836:The major
783:Tetrapilus
649:Forestiera
591:Fraxininae
464:Fontanesia
410:Nyctanthes
380:Myxopyreae
334:including
179:Myxopyreae
145:Hoffmanns.
5406:FloraBase
5198:Adoxaceae
5167:Bruniales
5099:Asterales
4968:Lamiaceae
4827:Solanales
4809:Vahliales
4761:Rubiaceae
4730:Garryales
4659:Ericaceae
4604:Ebenaceae
4541:Cornaceae
4526:Loasaceae
4511:Nyssaceae
4448:Olacaceae
4430:Cactaceae
4365:Aizoaceae
4340:Limeaceae
4177:Meliaceae
4081:Myrtaceae
4033:Cistaceae
4013:Malvaceae
3660:Violaceae
3565:Ochnaceae
3540:Pandaceae
3011:Sabiaceae
3003:Proteales
2901:Juncaceae
2866:Typhaceae
2843:Costaceae
2833:Cannaceae
2818:Lowiaceae
2757:Arecaceae
2714:Iridaceae
2674:Boryaceae
2651:Liliaceae
2421:Acoraceae
2353:Lauraceae
2244:Piperales
2082:Bryophyta
1967:Osmanthus
1720:pages 6-9
1602:(eBook).
1328:Osmanthus
1324:Osmanthus
1314:Ligustrum
1309:in 1790.
1167:, in his
1094:olive oil
1090:its fruit
1035:with two
1023:with two
1017:gynoecium
974:temperate
953:ternately
949:pinnately
917:, mostly
903:relictual
776:P.S.Green
748:Phillyrea
735:Osmanthus
608:Subtribe
589:Subtribe
577:Schrebera
557:Subtribe
546:Ligustrum
527:Subtribe
516:– jasmine
478:Jasmineae
443:Forsythia
386:Myxopyrum
364:Linociera
360:Linociera
340:forsythia
316:subarctic
274:flowering
267:taxonomic
215:S.F. Gray
174:Jasmineae
64:Kingdom:
24:Oleaceae
5698:Oleaceae
5662:oleaceae
5647:VicFlora
5636:VASCAN:
5629:42000297
5624:Tropicos
5437:Oleaceae
5359:Oleaceae
5332:Oleaceae
5311:Wikidata
5302:Oleaceae
5277:Category
5051:Apiaceae
4973:Mazaceae
4883:Oleaceae
4865:Lamiales
4614:Theaceae
4551:Ericales
4503:Cornales
4493:Asterids
4350:Kewaceae
4167:Rutaceae
4053:Myrtales
4028:Bixaceae
3990:Malvales
3831:Bataceae
3700:Linaceae
3685:Peraceae
3471:Moraceae
3461:Ulmaceae
3436:Rosaceae
3393:Fagaceae
3360:Fabaceae
3269:Vitaceae
3196:Iteaceae
2993:Buxaceae
2976:Eudicots
2828:Musaceae
2744:Arecales
2598:Liliales
2413:Acorales
2403:Monocots
2315:Laurales
2021:Oleaceae
1999:21252789
1952:83590628
1932:Castanea
1899:23415987
1867:Noronhia
1845:11118421
1797:Website.
1787:Oleaceae
1749:Oleaceae
1670:Jasminum
1620:Oleaceae
1594:(print)
1568:24509797
1447:Cartrema
1359:Nestegis
1352:Noronhia
1338:Noronhia
1240:Taxonomy
1220:, after
1218:Lamiales
1114:jasmines
1102:Fraxinus
1033:superior
993:panicles
978:tropical
961:Jasminum
956:compound
941:stipules
939:without
931:scandent
888:Jasminum
846:habitats
797:Overview
759:Picconia
712:Notelaea
699:Noronhia
689:Nestegis
616:Cartrema
597:Fraxinus
552:– privet
510:Jasminum
494:Menodora
308:Cartrema
306:include
292:Lamiales
255:Oleaceae
233:Ventenat
193:Synonyms
140:Oleaceae
136:Family:
130:Lamiales
120:Asterids
107:Eudicots
5317:Q155966
5013:Apiales
4679:Lamiids
3778:Malvids
3733:Huaceae
3428:Rosales
3380:Fagales
3347:Fabales
3261:Vitales
2985:Buxales
2931:Poaceae
2439:Araceae
2398:Lilidae
1979:Bibcode
1928:Syringa
1879:Bibcode
1837:2656836
1654:, 2010.
1462:: 1–11.
1318:Syringa
1292:section
1264:in the
1228:form a
1213:in the
1148:History
1122:privets
1068:samaras
1064:capsule
1037:locules
1025:carpels
1013:stigmas
1009:stamens
1001:corolla
989:racemes
985:flowers
970:Domatia
966:laminas
877:samaras
869:animals
854:montane
842:tropics
730:– olive
705:Thouars
667:Griseb.
610:Oleinae
541:– lilac
535:Syringa
469:Labill.
398:Dimetra
328:jasmine
300:extinct
287:in the
265:, is a
203:Griseb.
156:Tribes
126:Order:
68:Plantae
5561:NZOR:
5515:114241
3284:Fabids
3251:Rosids
2858:Poales
2063:APG IV
1997:
1950:
1897:
1843:
1835:
1813:trnL-F
1789:" At:
1701:
1678:
1642:(set).
1638:
1630:
1598:
1590:
1566:
1508:(set).
1504:
1480:
1430:
1258:trnL–F
1252:loci,
1124:, and
1110:lilacs
1045:Ovules
1039:. The
1027:. The
1021:pistil
1007:has 2
945:simple
937:Leaves
927:lianas
923:shrubs
819:tribes
682:A.Gray
570:Knobl.
523:Oleeae
521:Tribe
503:Bonpl.
501:&
476:Tribe
456:Tribe
422:Tribe
378:Tribe
354:Genera
346:, and
336:privet
304:genera
296:genera
285:lianas
277:shrubs
270:family
245:Horan.
184:Oleeae
147:&
5598:Plazi
5590:54728
5577:23723
5528:32927
5510:IRMNG
5489:47733
5450:10625
5432:FoAO2
5424:10625
5411:22930
5398:1OLEF
5346:54666
2076:Plant
1995:S2CID
1948:S2CID
1833:JSTOR
1809:rps16
1452:(PDF)
1305:, by
1254:rps16
1215:order
1211:clade
1208:basal
1098:ashes
1082:olive
1060:drupe
1056:berry
1029:ovary
997:calyx
919:trees
873:birds
831:grade
787:Lour.
740:Lour.
717:Vent.
654:Poir.
603:– ash
582:Roxb.
499:Humb.
488:Banfi
435:Nakai
391:Blume
348:lilac
320:olive
289:order
281:trees
227:Juss.
209:Endl.
114:Clade
101:Clade
88:Clade
75:Clade
39:Olive
5611:POWO
5554:4144
5549:NCBI
5523:ITIS
5497:IPNI
5471:GRIN
5463:6652
5458:GBIF
5393:EPPO
5385:4426
5354:ATRF
5341:APNI
1895:PMID
1865:and
1841:PMID
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