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The first-generation towns of the Yoruba homeland, which encompasses large swathes of Benin, Nigeria, and Togo, are those with obas who generally wear beaded crowns; the rulers of many of the 'second generation' settlements are also often obas. Those that remain and those of the third generation tend
475:
sects in his or her domain. Although most of the day-to-day functions of this position are delegated in practice to such figures as the arabas, certain traditional rites of the Yoruba religion can only be performed by the oba, and it is for this reason that the holders of the title are often thought
443:
and enter the public domain thereafter. Only the secret initiations for traditional chiefs of the highest rank are kept a secret from all outsiders. Ceremonies such as this, and the process of selection and maintenance of networks of chiefs, are two of the major sources of power for the contemporary
438:
As the oba leads the procession of nominees into a specially embroidered dais in front of a wider audience of guests and well-wishers, festivities of varied sorts occur to the accompaniment of traditional drumming. Emblems are given out according to seniority, and drapery worn by the oba and chiefs
366:
The bead-embroidered crown with beaded veil, foremost attribute of the Oba, symbolizes the aspirations of a civilization at the highest level of authority. In his seminal article on the topic, Robert F. Thompson writes, "The crown incarnates the intuition of royal ancestral force, the revelation of
426:, like in many other areas of Benin, Nigeria and Togo, chieftaincy titles are mostly given to successful men and women from within a given sub-sectional territory, although it is not unheard of for a person from elsewhere to receive one. The
300:, also appearing as "Ìjòyè") in the way that kings and queens regnant use 'Ọba'. It is also often used by princes and princesses in colloquial situations, though the title that is most often ascribed to them officially is "Ọmọba" (
434:
ceremonies for the chiefs-designate, the oba is regarded by the Yoruba as the major centre of attention, taking precedence over even the members of the official governments of any of the three countries if they are present.
375:
430:
also act as symbolic capital that can be used to gain favour when desired by the individual oba that awarded them, and sometimes vice versa. During any of the traditional
316:, sometimes rendered alternatively as "Ọmọọba", "Ọmọ ọba" and "Ọmọ-ọba"). The wives of kings, princes and chiefs of royal background usually make use of the title "
120:: royal chiefs, noble chiefs, religious chiefs and common chiefs. The royals are led by the obas, who sit at the apex of the hierarchy and serve as the
410:. However, an event that still has symbolic prestige and capital is that of chieftaincy title-taking and awarding. This dates back to the era of the
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358:
577:
Pan-African
Chronology II: A Comprehensive Reference to the Black Quest for Freedom in Africa, the Americas, Europe and Asia, 1865-1915
284:
All of the subordinate members of the Yoruba aristocracy, both traditional chieftains and honorary ones, use the pre-nominal "Olóyè" (
700:
675:
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328:). The wives of the non-royal chiefs, when themselves titleholders in their own right, tend to use the honorific "Ìyálóyè" (
141:
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As a sacred ruler, the oba is traditionally regarded by the Yoruba as the ex officio chief priest of all of the
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officials in the medieval period, when powerful individuals of varied ancestries held prominent titles in the
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153:
104:
in
Yorubaland, which is itself used in like fashion by subordinate titleholders in the contemporary Yoruba
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of their royal families. The three other ranks, who traditionally provide the membership of a series of
324:), though some of the wives of dynastic rulers prefer to be referred to as "Ayaba" (the equivalent of
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are created to be elaborate and also expensive. Most of the activities are covered by the local
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great moral insight in the person of the king, and the glitter of aesthetic experiences."
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of as being religious leaders in addition to being politico-ceremonial monarchs.
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of the entire system. They are joined in the class of royal chiefs by the titled
34:
180:, which are often simply networks of related towns (For example, the oba of the
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273:
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The Beaded Crown "Ade" of Oba
Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu, the Ogoga of Ikere.
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256:), who do not wear crowns and who are, at least in theory, the reigning
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189:
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Thompson, Robert F. (1972). Douglas Fraser and
Herbert M. Cole (ed.).
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There are two different kinds of Yoruba monarchs: The kings of Yoruba
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Intelligence Report on
Abeokuta: 65 year anniversary reprint edition
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The Yoruba chieftaincy system can be divided into four separate
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395:, with a ship's plaque during his ship's visit to his kingdom.
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commanding officer, Cmdr. Jeffrey
Wolstenholme, presented Oba
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605:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 227–260.
212:) and the kings of individual Yoruba towns, such as that of
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to only be headed by the holders of the title "Baálẹ̀" (
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The role of the oba has diminished with the coming of
140:, oversee the day-to-day administration of the Yoruba
27:
Word meaning 'ruler' in the Yoruba and Bini languages
220:State — who bears the title "Olúwòó" (Olú ti Ìwó,
637:
49:, a region which is in the modern republics of
625:Lionel Caplan, Humphrey Fisher, David Parkin;
344:) in their capacities as married chieftesses.
196:, hence the title Aláké, which is Yoruba for
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65:. Examples of Yoruba bearers include Oba
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646:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
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156:of the kingdoms' constituent families.
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89:. An example of a Bini bearer is Oba
627:The Politics of Cultural Performance
188:" because his ancestral seat is the
112:Aristocratic titles among the Yoruba
100:The title is distinct from that of
61:, make use of it as a pre-nominal
24:
574:Jr, Everett Jenkins (2015-07-11).
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451:
347:
25:
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204:ọba, meanwhile, bears the title "
629:. Berghahn Books, 1996, p 30-37.
701:African traditional governments
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619:
567:
551:
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168:Oba Abessan V, the Onikoyi of
13:
1:
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676:History of the Yoruba people
603:African art & leadership
559:Egba Chieftaincy Institution
210:One who possesses the palace
7:
506:Nigerian traditional rulers
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10:
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580:. McFarland. p. 220.
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656:Yoruba words and phrases
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339:Mother who owns a title
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396:
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281:
173:
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379:In June of 2006, the
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320:" (the equivalent of
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198:One who possesses Aké
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33:means "ruler" in the
501:Nigerian chieftaincy
661:Yoruba royal titles
544:Blair, Major J.H.,
414:warrior chiefs and
144:and are led by the
561:(2002), Appendix X
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397:
364:
311:Child of a Monarch
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260:of people who do.
251:Master of the land
174:
142:traditional states
587:978-1-4766-0886-0
278:Ààrẹ Ọ̀nà Kakaǹfò
184:bears the title "
170:Porto Novo, Benin
16:(Redirected from
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706:Kingdom of Benin
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466:Oyotunji, U.S.A.
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322:Princess Consort
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295:Owner of a title
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671:Yoruba religion
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557:Sotunde, F.I.,
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452:Priestly duties
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348:The Oba's crown
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208:", which means
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152:and the titled
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5:
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352:Main article:
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280:of Yorubaland.
274:Moshood Abiola
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130:privy councils
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39:Bini languages
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651:Noble titles
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516:Oba of Lagos
511:Oba of Benin
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408:institutions
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393:Oba of Lagos
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371:Royal duties
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216:— a town in
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122:fons honorum
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30:
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711:Edo culture
446:West Africa
432:investiture
354:Oba's crown
231:Lord of Ìwó
192:quarter of
106:chieftaincy
681:Yoruba art
640:Categories
612:0299058204
532:References
462:Adefunmi I
444:royals of
424:Yorubaland
405:democratic
81:, and Oba
47:Yorubaland
496:Eso Ikoyi
194:Abẹ́òkúta
91:Ewuare II
75:Aladelusi
63:honorific
491:Babalawo
480:See also
401:colonial
258:viceroys
146:iwarefas
108:system.
67:Ogunwusi
333:
305:
289:
245:
225:
206:Aláàfin
126:dynasts
71:Ile-Ife
55:Nigeria
609:
584:
521:Ogboni
486:Odigba
473:Orisha
428:titles
420:empire
416:palace
391:, the
383:Barry'
276:, the
272:Olóyè
200:. The
154:elders
150:arabas
148:, the
138:guilds
83:Akiolu
73:, Oba
35:Yoruba
526:Olori
441:media
422:. In
318:Olorì
264:Oloye
202:Ọ̀yọ́
186:Aláké
182:Ẹ̀gbá
178:clans
134:sects
118:ranks
102:Oloye
95:Benin
87:Lagos
79:Akure
51:Benin
43:Kings
18:Omoba
607:ISBN
582:ISBN
460:Oba
403:and
381:USS
330:lit.
302:lit.
286:lit.
242:lit.
222:lit.
218:Osun
136:and
59:Togo
57:and
37:and
464:of
412:Oyo
236:).
214:Ìwó
190:Aké
160:Oba
93:of
85:of
77:of
69:of
45:in
31:Oba
642::
448:.
132:,
97:.
53:,
41:.
615:.
590:.
563:.
385:s
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172:.
20:)
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