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was created One-year volunteers were established for the contingents and integrated troops from all German states. The One-year volunteer status was denoted by twisted wool piping in the respective state colours around the shoulder boards; with cavalry units alternatively having the piping around
115:, which restricted the option to members of the affluent social classes, considered to be "officer material", who hoped to pursue a Reserve-Officer career path. The aim of restricting the pool of Reserve Officers in this way was explicitly expressed by Emperor
165:, created One-year volunteers as well. Like the Prussians the status was marked by twisted wool piping in the national colours (blue and white); here attached to the shoulder pads that would soon be exchanged for shoulder boards.
110:
term, and who would be allowed a free choice of service branch and unit, but who were obliged to equip and support themselves at their own expense throughout. In today's monetary value this cost might equate to at least 10,000
228:
still recruits their reserve officers from one-year volunteers. It also uses this means to assess the suitability of aspirant officers to begin specialized studies in "military command and control" (C2) at the
174:
252:
Langenscheidt's
Encyclopaedic Dictionary of the English and German language: „Der Große Murat-Sander“, Part II German-English First Volume A–K, 9th edition 2002, p. 449
130:("Lance Corporal") rank, and would then continue to receive further specialized instruction until the end of their one-year term, usually attaining and leaving as
119:. Eligibility for the one-year route of military service was a privilege conferred after examination of the enlistee's suitability and academic qualifications.
43:
who agreed to pay his own costs for the procurement of equipment, food and clothing, in return for spending a shorter-than-usual term on active
209:
20:
Einjährig-Freiwilliger shoulder board insignia of the
Imperial German Army, here in the 45th Field Artillery Regiment, 1899–1915
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384:
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126:, those aspiring to become Reserve Officers would have to qualify and demonstrate suitability for promotion to the
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138:. Enlistees who did not aspire to officer grade would leave at the end of their one-year term as
106:
examinations), who would opt to serve a one-year term rather than the regular two or three-year
289:
48:
218:
90:
in 1814. It was open for enlistees up to the age of 25. These enlisted soldiers were usually
71:
67:
276:, 4th Edition, Volume 6, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1885–1892, Page 659. in German
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182:
8:
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74:. One-year volunteers also existed in the national armies of Bavaria, France and Russia.
261:
Brockhaus, The
Encyclopedia in 24 volumes (1796–2001), Volume 6: 3-7653-3666-1, page 172
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347:(in German). Leipzig: Verlag Moritz Ruhl. 1885. pp. 7, Table 15, Table 16.
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331:(in German). Bamberg: Verlag der Buchner'schen Buchhandlung. p. 28.
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134:("Supernumerary Corporals") with the opportunity to advance further as
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black, silver (instead of white) and red on the left shoulder sleeve.
135:
59:
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197:, their status shown by a down-turned double chevron in the
363:(in German). Leipzig: Verlag Moritz Ruhl. 1887. p. 35.
112:
177:
Einjährig-Freiwilliger chevron of the
Imperial German Navy
86:, the "one-year volunteer service" was created during the
94:graduates (i.e. those who had passed the 9th Grade
213:Tunic of a one-year volunteer corporal in the 1st
161:, reforming after the loss against Prussia in the
371:
39:), was, in a number of national armed forces, a
328:Der einjährige Freiwillige im bayerischen Heere
66:from 1871 until 1918. It was also used by the
154:) and a six-year reserve duty obligation.
344:Die Uniformen der Deutschen Armee, Teil 2
302:Admiral von Hipper: The inconvenient Hero
324:
304:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 2.
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193:One-year volunteers also existed in the
186:their shoulder knots, the upper part of
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15:
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288:; Definition of "Gemeine", in German.
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54:The "one-year volunteer service" (de:
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47:and the opportunity for promotion to
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13:
360:Die Uniformen der Deutschen Marine
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190:or the strap of shoulder scales.
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70:, from 1868 until 1918, and the
58:) was first introduced 1814 in
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215:Bosnian-Herzegovinian Infantry
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56:Einjährig-Freiwilligen-Dienst
274:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
122:On completing their primary
7:
385:Military of Austria-Hungary
300:Philbin, Tobias R. (1982).
10:
416:
325:Hoffmann, Richard (1868).
231:Theresian Military Academy
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132:überzählige Unteroffiziere
400:Military ranks of Germany
62:and was inherited by the
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37:Einjährig-Freiwilliger
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219:Austro-Hungarian Army
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72:Austro-Hungarian Navy
68:Austro-Hungarian Army
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195:Imperial German Navy
183:Imperial German Army
395:Military of Prussia
390:Military of Bavaria
380:Military of Austria
226:Austrian Bundesheer
163:Austro-Prussian War
142:(Ordinary soldier)
78:Prussia and Bavaria
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26:one-year volunteer
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199:national colours
124:recruit training
49:Reserve Officers
45:military service
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100:or 13th Grade
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152:Infanterist
92:high school
374:Categories
241:References
188:epaulettes
136:Reservists
117:Wilhelm II
181:When the
148:Musketier
128:Gefreiter
41:conscript
28:, short
233:in the
205:Austria
140:Gemeine
82:In the
60:Prussia
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103:Abitur
97:Matura
286:Duden
113:Euros
306:ISBN
224:The
150:or
34:de:
376::
266:^
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51:.
30:EF
24:A
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32:(
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