Wilhelm II - Knowledge

2816: 1500:...gifted, with a quick understanding, sometimes brilliant, with a taste for the modern,—technology, industry, science—but at the same time superficial, hasty, restless, unable to relax, without any deeper level of seriousness, without any desire for hard work or drive to see things through to the end, without any sense of sobriety, for balance and boundaries, or even for reality and real problems, uncontrollable and scarcely capable of learning from experience, desperate for applause and success,—as Bismarck said early on in his life, he wanted every day to be his birthday—romantic, sentimental and theatrical, unsure and arrogant, with an immeasurably exaggerated self-confidence and desire to show off, a juvenile cadet, who never took the tone of the officers' mess out of his voice, and brashly wanted to play the part of the supreme warlord, full of panicky fear of a monotonous life without any diversions, and yet aimless, pathological in his hatred against his English mother. 3353: 3009: 3001: 1469: 3267: 1655: 10242: 1013:

and rapid expansion to protect Germany's "place in the sun". Furthermore, the young Emperor had come to the throne, unlike his grandfather, determined to rule as well as reign. While the imperial constitution vested executive power in the monarch, Wilhelm I had been content to leave day-to-day administration to Bismarck. Early conflicts between Wilhelm II and his chancellor soon poisoned the relationship between the two men. Bismarck had believed that Wilhelm was a lightweight who could be dominated, and he showed escalating disrespect for Wilhelm's favored policy objectives in the late 1880s. The final split between monarch and statesman occurred soon after an attempt by Bismarck to implement far-reaching anti-Socialist laws in early 1890.

4113: 1526: 1943:". The German Emperor was left with a deep wound, an inch and a half long, below his left eye; the Chief of the Naval Ministry would note later, "On the temple or in the eye the blow could have been devastating. The wonder of it is that our All-Gracious Lord felt neither the object flying at him nor, in the rain, the copiously flowing blood; it was those around him who drew his attention to it at first." Despite rumors in the press that the Kaiser had sunk into a depression, he would say in a speech at the end of the month, "nothing is more false than to pretend that my sanity has suffered in some way. I am exactly the same as I was; I have become neither elegiac nor melancholic... everything stays the same." 4507: 10152: 2843: 4952: 2828: 2681:

few months I was inclined to believe in National Socialism. I thought of it as a necessary fever. And I was gratified to see that there were, associated with it for a time, some of the wisest and most outstanding Germans. But these, one by one, he has got rid of, or even killed ... Papen, Schleicher, Neurath - and even Blomberg. He has left nothing but a bunch of shirted gangsters! This man could bring home victories to our people each year, without bringing them either glory or (danger). But of our Germany, which was a nation of poets and musicians, of artists and soldiers, he has made a nation of hysterics and hermits, engulfed in a mob and led by a thousand liars or fanatics.

10325: 3914: 10343: 3928: 3795: 11101: 1904:

grievous injustice that has been done. The Chinese have overturned the law of nations; they have mocked the sacredness of the envoy, the duties of hospitality in a way unheard of in world history. It is all the more outrageous that this crime has been committed by a nation that takes pride in its ancient culture. Show the old Prussian virtue. Present yourselves as Christians in the cheerful endurance of suffering. May honor and glory follow your banners and arms. Give the whole world an example of manliness and discipline. You know full well that you are to fight against a cunning, brave, well-armed, and cruel enemy. When you encounter him, know this:

4428: 4672: 10206: 10188: 10105: 3995: 4239: 2414: 11495: 3608: 4135: 4974: 4045: 3744: 1410:". These chancellors were senior civil servants and not seasoned politician-statesmen like Bismarck. Wilhelm wanted to preclude the emergence of another Iron Chancellor, whom he ultimately detested as being "a boorish old killjoy" who had not permitted any minister to see the Emperor except in his presence, keeping a stranglehold on effective political power. Upon his enforced retirement and until his dying day, Bismarck became a bitter critic of Wilhelm's policies, but without gaining the support of a majority within the Reichstag there was little chance of Bismarck exerting a decisive influence on policy. 410: 55: 4529: 10123: 4571: 10307: 3921: 10044: 5073: 4724: 855: 2886:. Despite his personal resentment and animosity toward the monarchy, Hitler wanted to bring the Kaiser's body back to Berlin for a state funeral, as Hitler felt that such a funeral, with himself acting in the role of heir apparent to the throne, would be useful to exploit for propaganda. However, Wilhelm's orders that his body was not to return to Germany unless the monarchy was first restored were then revealed and were grudgingly respected. The Nazi occupation authorities arranged for a small military funeral, with a few hundred people present. The mourners included Field Marshal 746: 4188: 4171: 4296: 4468: 4544: 4889: 1517:

insecurities by swagger and tough talk. He frequently fell into depressions and hysterics ... William's personal instability was reflected in vacillations of policy. His actions, at home as well as abroad, lacked guidance, and therefore often bewildered or infuriated public opinion. He was not so much concerned with gaining specific objectives, as had been the case with Bismarck, as with asserting his will. This trait in the ruler of the leading Continental power was one of the main causes of the uneasiness prevailing in Europe at the turn-of-the-century".

1322: 3972: 2569:, where on 28 November he issued a belated statement of abdication from both the Prussian and imperial thrones, thus formally ending the Hohenzollerns' 500-year rule over Prussia and its predecessor state, Brandenburg. Finally accepting the reality that he had lost both of his crowns for good, he gave up his rights to "the throne of Prussia and to the German Imperial throne connected therewith". He also released his soldiers and officials in both Prussia and the empire from their oath of loyalty to him. He purchased a country house in the municipality of 1022: 10069: 9803: 10087: 10289: 4232: 10224: 3842: 3879: 6951: 2318: 4029: 2441:. Increasingly cut off from reality and the political decision-making process, Wilhelm vacillated between defeatism and dreams of victory, depending upon the fortunes of his armies. Nevertheless, Wilhelm still retained the ultimate authority in matters of political appointment, and it was only after his consent had been gained that major changes to the high command could be brought about. Wilhelm was in favour of the dismissal of Colonel General Helmuth von Moltke in September 1914 and his replacement by General 4274: 1982:, and also his encouragement of Wilhelm to rule personally. The scandal led to Wilhelm experiencing a nervous breakdown, and the removal of Eulenberg and others of his circle from the court. The view that Wilhelm was a deeply repressed homosexual is increasingly supported by scholars: certainly, he never came to terms with his feelings for Eulenberg. Historians have linked the Eulenberg scandal to a fundamental shift in German policy that heightened its military aggressiveness and ultimately contributed to 737:, which left Wilhelm with a withered left arm about six inches (15 centimetres) shorter than his right. He tried with some success to conceal this; many photographs show him holding a pair of white gloves in his left hand to make the arm seem longer. In others, he holds his left hand with his right, has his disabled arm on the hilt of a sword, or holds a cane to give the illusion of a useful limb posed at a dignified angle. Historians have suggested that this disability affected his emotional development. 4079: 4445: 2233: 2272: 4917: 10271: 3587: 5014: 4593: 3761: 1768: 1224: 4638: 1836:

Deeply moved by this imposing spectacle, and likewise by the consciousness of standing on the spot where held sway one of the most chivalrous rulers of all times, the great Sultan Saladin, a knight sans peur et sans reproche, who often taught his adversaries the right conception of knighthood, I seize with joy the opportunity to render thanks, above all to the Sultan Abdul Hamid for his hospitality. May the Sultan rest assured, and also the three hundred million

4869: 2540:, had informed him that the officers and men of the army would march back in good order under Hindenburg's command, but would certainly not fight for Wilhelm's throne. The monarchy's last and strongest support had been broken, and finally even Hindenburg, himself a lifelong monarchist, was obliged, after polling his generals, to advise the Emperor to give up the crown. On 10 November, Wilhelm crossed the border by train and went into exile in the neutral 3966: 835:

Crown Prince's political opponents, Wilhelm came to adopt more ambivalent feelings toward his father, perceiving the influence of Wilhelm's mother over a figure who should have been possessed of masculine independence and strength. Wilhelm also idolised his grandfather, Wilhelm I, and he was instrumental in later attempts to foster a cult of the first German Emperor as "Wilhelm the Great". However, he had a distant relationship with his mother.

4319: 3978: 2392:, Germany would attack the (supposed) weaker enemy first, meaning France. The plan supposed that it would take a long time before Russia was ready for war. Defeating France had been easy for Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. At the 1914 border between France and Germany, an attack at this more southern part of France could be stopped by the French fortress along the border. However, Wilhelm II stopped any invasion of the Netherlands. 4407: 4824: 4373: 2871: 2001: 10170: 2101: 2855: 4761: 2993: 2501:, Wilhelm could not make up his mind whether to abdicate. Up to that point, he accepted that he would likely have to give up the imperial crown, but still hoped to retain the Prussian kingship. He believed that as ruler of two-thirds of Germany, he would still be a key player in any new system. However, this was impossible under the imperial constitution. Wilhelm thought he ruled as emperor in a 2032:. The Kaiser proceeded to tour the city on the back of a white horse. The Kaiser declared he had come to support the sovereignty of the Sultan—a statement which amounted to a provocative challenge to French influence in Morocco. The Sultan subsequently rejected a set of French-proposed governmental reforms and invited major world powers to a conference that advised him on necessary reforms. 1460:, he offered encouragement to the Christian order's attempts to place German medicine at the forefront of modern medical practice through its system of hospitals, nursing sisterhood and nursing schools, and nursing homes throughout the German Empire. Wilhelm continued as Protector of the Order even after 1918, as the position was in essence attached to the head of the House of Hohenzollern. 2558:

constitutional provisions covering the case and then the matter will be dropped. The request for extradition will not be based on genuine desire on the part of British officials to bring the kaiser to trial, according to authoritative information, but is considered necessary formality to 'save the face' of politicians who promised to see that Wilhelm was punished for his crimes.

1613:). Between 1888 and 1901, Wilhelm resented Bertie, who despite being the heir apparent to the British throne, treated Wilhelm not as a reigning monarch, but merely as another nephew. In turn, Wilhelm often snubbed his uncle, whom he referred to as "the old peacock" and lorded his position as emperor over him. Beginning in the 1890s, Wilhelm made visits to England for 3428: ... Let no German ever forget this, nor rest until these parasites have been destroyed and exterminated from German soil!" Wilhelm advocated a "regular international all-worlds pogrom à la Russe" as "the best cure" and further believed that Jews were a "nuisance that humanity must get rid of some way or other. I believe the best thing would be gas!" 946:

suspecting them of putting Britain's interests first. The German Emperor, Wilhelm I, watched as his grandson, guided principally by the Crown Princess Victoria, grew to manhood. When Wilhelm was nearing 21, the Emperor decided it was time his grandson should begin the military phase of his preparation for the throne. He was assigned as a lieutenant to the

780:, charged with keeping an eye on him, told him to be quiet, but Wilhelm drew his dirk and threatened Alfred. When Alfred attempted to subdue him by force, Wilhelm bit him on the leg. His grandmother, Queen Victoria, missed seeing the fracas; to her Wilhelm remained "a clever, dear, good little child, the great favourite of my beloved Vicky". 2553:'s proposal to "hang the Kaiser". There was little zeal in Britain to prosecute. On 1 January 1920, it was stated in official circles in London that Great Britain would "welcome refusal by Holland to deliver the former kaiser for trial," and it was hinted that this had been conveyed to the Dutch government through diplomatic channels: 2306:

honourable Emperor has been exploited to create a situation which gives England the excuse she has been seeking to annihilate us with a spurious appearance of justice on the pretext that she is helping France and maintaining the well-known Balance of Power in Europe, i.e., playing off all European States for her own benefit against us.

1939:, in an apparent assassination attempt Wilhelm was struck in the face by a sharp iron object thrown at him. The assailant, identified as Johann-Dietrich Weiland, was adjudged to be insane. The Kaiser was riding in a coach to the railway station when the incident happened at 10:10 pm, and the object thrown "afterward proved to be a 610: 726:, Martin turned his attention to the unconscious Vicky. Noticing after some minutes that the newborn remained silent, Martin and the midwife Fräulein Stahl worked frantically to revive the prince; finally, despite the disapproval of those present, Stahl spanked the newborn vigorously until "a weak cry escaped his pale lips". 954:. "In the Guards," Wilhelm said, "I really found my family, my friends, my interests—everything of which I had up to that time had to do without." As a boy and a student, his manner had been polite and agreeable; as an officer, he began to strut and speak brusquely in the tone he deemed appropriate for a Prussian officer. 1143:. This is because a constitutional monarch has plenty of means at his or her disposal of quietly blocking a Chancellor's policy objectives and is one of the only people who can forcibly remove an overly ambitious Chancellor from power. For these reasons, the last Kaiser believed that he had every right to be informed 1292:, grandson and heir of Kaiser Wilhelm II, further commented, "Bismarck was certainly our greatest statesman, but he had very bad manners and he became increasingly overbearing with age. Frankly, I don't think his dismissal by my grandfather was a great tragedy. Russia was already on the other side because of the 2805:, Wilhelm wrote: "The hand of God is creating a new world & working ... We are becoming the U.S. of Europe under German leadership, a united European Continent." He added: "The Jews being thrust out of their nefarious positions in all countries, whom they have driven to hostility for centuries." 2064:

outbursts during the course of the interview, he ended up further alienating not only the British, but also the French, Russians, and Japanese. He implied, among other things, that the Germans cared nothing for the British; that the French and Russians had attempted to incite Germany to intervene in the

709:, Martin advised Fritz the unborn child's life was endangered. As mild anaesthesia did not alleviate her extreme labour pains, resulting in her "horrible screams and wails", Clark finally administered full anaesthesia. Observing her contractions to be insufficiently strong, Martin administered a dose of 1099:

in 1889. He routinely disagreed with Bismarck during Cabinet meetings. Bismarck, in turn, sharply disagreed with Wilhelm's pro-labor union policies and worked to circumvent them. Bismarck, feeling unappreciated by the young Emperor and by his ambitious advisors, once refused to co-sign a proclamation

717:

was weak and intermittent. Despite this dangerous sign, Martin ordered a further heavy dose of chloroform, so he could better manipulate the infant. Observing the infant's legs to be raised upwards, and his left arm likewise raised upwards and behind his head, Martin "carefully eased out the Prince's

3376:

identified Wilhelm's "curious but well-developed anti-Semitism", noting that in 1888 a friend of Wilhelm "declared that the young Kaiser's dislike of his Hebrew subjects, one rooted in a perception that they possessed an overweening influence in Germany, was so strong that it could not be overcome".

2983:

has portrayed Wilhelm as the key figure in understanding the recklessness and downfall of Imperial Germany. Thus, the argument is still made that the Kaiser played a major role in promoting the policies of both naval and colonialist expansion that caused the deterioration of Germany's relations with

2610:

after her murder in 1898. He also sketched plans for grand buildings and battleships when he was bored. In exile, one of Wilhelm's greatest passions was hunting, and he killed thousands of animals, both beast and bird. Much of his time was spent chopping wood and thousands of trees were chopped down

1903:

Great overseas tasks have fallen to the new German Empire, tasks far greater than many of my countrymen expected. The German Empire has, by its very character, the obligation to assist its citizens if they are being set upon in foreign lands. ... A great task awaits you : you are to revenge the

1608:

Wilhelm's most contentious relationships were with his British relations. He craved the acceptance of his grandmother, Queen Victoria, and of the rest of her family. Despite the fact that his grandmother treated him with courtesy and tact, his other relatives largely denied him acceptance. He had an

1512:

with Britain. According to Fromkin, "From the outset, the half-German side of him was at war with the half-English side. He was wildly jealous of the British, desiring to be British and to be better at being British than the British were, while at the same time hating them and resenting them because

2695:

in September 1939, Wilhelm's adjutant, Wilhelm von Dommes, wrote on his behalf to Hitler, stating that the House of Hohenzollern "remained loyal" and noted that nine Prussian Princes (one son and eight grandchildren) were stationed at the front, concluding "because of the special circumstances that

2593:

In 1922, Wilhelm published the first volume of his memoirs—a very slim volume that insisted he was not guilty of initiating the Great War, and defended his conduct throughout his reign, especially in matters of foreign policy. For the remaining twenty years of his life, he entertained guests (often

2548:

in early 1919, Article 227 expressly provided for the prosecution of Wilhelm "for a supreme offence against international morality and the sanctity of treaties", but the Dutch government refused to extradite him. King George V wrote that he looked on his cousin as "the greatest criminal in history"

1908:

will be given. Prisoners will not be taken. Exercise your arms such that for a thousand years no Chinese will dare to look cross-eyed at a German. Maintain discipline. May God's blessing be with you, the prayers of an entire nation and my good wishes go with you, each and every one. Open the way to

1835:

In the face of all the courtesies extended to us here, I feel that I must thank you, in my name as well as that of the Empress, for them, for the hearty reception given us in all the towns and cities we have touched, and particularly for the splendid welcome extended to us by this city of Damascus.

1199:

In later years, Bismarck created the "Bismarck myth"; the view (which some historians have argued was confirmed by subsequent events) that Wilhelm II's successful demand for Bismarck's resignation destroyed any chance Imperial Germany ever had of stable government and international peace. According

1032:

According to adherents of the "Bismarck myth", the young Kaiser rejected the Iron Chancellor's allegedly "peaceful foreign policy" and instead plotted with senior generals to work "in favour of a war of aggression". Bismarck himself once complained to an aide, "That young man wants war with Russia,

2796:

and the Jews had caused both world wars, and were aiming for a world empire financed by British and American gold, but that "Juda's plan has been smashed to pieces and they themselves swept out of the European Continent!" Continental Europe was now, Wilhelm wrote, "consolidating and closing itself

2680:

There's a man alone, without family, without children, without God He builds legions, but he doesn't build a nation. A nation is created by families, a religion, traditions: it is made up out of the hearts of mothers, the wisdom of fathers, the joy and the exuberance of children For a

1666:

German foreign policy under Wilhelm II was faced with a number of significant problems. Perhaps the most apparent was that Wilhelm was an impatient man, subjective in his reactions and affected strongly by sentiment and impulse. He was personally ill-equipped to steer German foreign policy along a

1516:

Langer et al. (1968) emphasise the negative international consequences of Wilhelm's erratic personality: "He believed in force, and the 'survival of the fittest' in domestic as well as foreign politics ... William was not lacking in intelligence, but he did lack stability, disguising his deep

1485: 1012:

Although in his youth he had been a great admirer of Otto von Bismarck, Wilhelm's characteristic impatience soon brought him into conflict with the "Iron Chancellor", the dominant figure in the foundation of his empire. The new Emperor opposed Bismarck's careful foreign policy, preferring vigorous

834:

Wilhelm was in awe of his father, whose status as a hero of the wars of unification was largely responsible for the young Wilhelm's attitude, as were the circumstances in which he was raised; close emotional contact between father and son was not encouraged. Later, as he came into contact with the

2305:

For I no longer have any doubt that England, Russia and France have agreed among themselves—knowing that our treaty obligations compel us to support Austria—to use the Austro-Serb conflict as a pretext for waging a war of annihilation against us ... Our dilemma over keeping faith with the old and

2063:

Affair of 1908 involved the publication in Germany of an interview with a British daily newspaper that included wild statements and diplomatically damaging remarks. Wilhelm had seen the interview as an opportunity to promote his views and ideas on Anglo-German friendship, but due to his emotional

2949:

Three trends have characterised the writing about Wilhelm. First, the court-inspired writers considered him a martyr and a hero, often uncritically accepting the justifications provided in the Kaiser's own memoirs. Second, there came those who judged Wilhelm to be completely unable to handle the

2310:

More recent British authors state that Wilhelm II really declared, "Ruthlessness and weakness will start the most terrifying war of the world, whose purpose is to destroy Germany. Because there can no longer be any doubts, England, France and Russia have conspired themselves together to fight an

1405:

In appointing Caprivi and then Hohenlohe, Wilhelm was embarking upon what is known to history as "the New Course", in which he hoped to exert decisive influence in the government of the empire. There is debate amongst historians as to the precise degree to which Wilhelm succeeded in implementing

2619:

Wilhelm II was seen as the richest man in Germany before 1914. After his abdication he retained substantial wealth. It was reported that at least 60 railway wagons were needed to carry his furniture, art, porcelain and silver from Germany to the Netherlands. The Kaiser retained substantial cash

2557:

Punishment of the former kaiser and other German war criminals is worrying Great Britain little, it was said. As a matter of form, however, the British and French governments were expected to request Holland for the former kaiser's extradition. Holland, it was said, will refuse on the ground of

783:

Vicky was obsessed with her son's damaged arm, blaming herself for the child's handicap, and insisted that he become a good rider. The thought that Wilhelm, as heir to the throne, should not be able to ride was intolerable to her. Riding lessons began when Wilhelm was eight and were a matter of

2178:

was appointed as the first head and remained so until 1906. The existing Imperial admiralty was abolished, and its responsibilities divided between two organisations. A new position was created, equivalent to the supreme commander of the army: the Chief of the High Command of the Admiralty, or

2223:

Historians typically argue that Wilhelm was largely confined to ceremonial duties during the war—there were innumerable parades to review and honours to award. "The man who in peace had believed himself omnipotent became in war a 'shadow Kaiser', out of sight, neglected, and relegated to the

1195:

After a heated argument at Bismarck's estate over the latter's alleged disrespect for the Imperial Family, Wilhelm stormed out. Bismarck, forced for the first time in his career into a crisis that he could not twist to his own advantage, wrote a blistering letter of resignation, decrying the

961:

tried to separate him from his parents, who opposed Bismarck and his policies, with some success. Bismarck planned to use the young prince as a weapon against his parents in order to retain his own political dominance. Wilhelm thus developed a dysfunctional relationship with his parents, but

3384:

Wilhelm never changed, and throughout his life he believed that Jews were perversely responsible, largely through their prominence in the Berlin press and in leftist political movements, for encouraging opposition to his rule. For individual Jews, ranging from rich businessmen and major art

2808:

Also, in 1940 came what would have been his mother's 100th birthday. Despite their very troubled relationship, Wilhelm wrote to a friend, "Today the 100th birthday of my mother! No notice is taken of it at home! No 'Memorial Service' or ... committee to remember her marvellous work for

945:

Wilhelm resisted attempts by his parents, especially his mother, to educate him in a spirit of British liberalism. Instead, he agreed with his tutors' support of autocratic rule, and gradually became thoroughly 'Prussianized' under their influence. He thus became alienated from his parents,

2125:, combined with his inability to exert German influence in South Africa following the dispatch of the Kruger telegram, led to Wilhelm taking definitive steps toward the construction of a fleet to rival that of his British cousins. Wilhelm called on the services of the dynamic naval officer 522:) and became Europe's largest manufacturer. However, Wilhelm often undermined such progress by making tactless and threatening statements towards other countries without first consulting his ministers. Likewise, his regime did much to alienate itself from other great powers by initiating a 2249:(this is often called "the blank cheque"). He wanted to remain in Berlin until the crisis was resolved, but his courtiers persuaded him instead to go on his annual cruise of the North Sea on 6 July 1914. Wilhelm made erratic attempts to stay on top of the crisis via telegram, and when the 1138:

is required to meet regularly with the monarch to explain his or her policies and intentions within the Government. A Chancellor in a constitutional monarchy also cannot afford to make an enemy of the monarch, who represents the only real check and balance against a Chancellor's otherwise

2035:

The Kaiser's presence was seen as an assertion of German interests in Morocco, in opposition to those of France. In his speech, he even made remarks in favour of Moroccan independence, and this led to friction with France, which was expanding its colonial interests in Morocco, and to the

2257:

A brilliant solution—and in barely 48 hours! This is more than could have been expected. A great moral victory for Vienna; but with it every pretext for war falls to the ground, and Giesl had better have stayed quietly at Belgrade. On this document, I should never have given orders for

2404:

On 19 August 1914, Wilhelm II predicted that Germany will win the war. He said, "I am firmly confident that, with the help of God, the bravery of the German Army and Navy and the unquenchable unanimity of the German people during those hours of danger, victory will crown our cause."

1207:

According to Bismarck apologists, in foreign policy the Iron Chancellor had achieved a fragile balance of interests between Germany, France and Russia. Peace was allegedly at hand and Bismarck tried to keep it that way despite growing popular sentiment against Britain (regarding the

1973:

Homosexuality was officially repressed in Germany. ... It was a criminal offense, punishable by prison, although the law was rarely invoked or enforced. Still, the very accusation could stir moral outrage and bring social ruin. This was especially true at the highest levels of

733:, due to the breech delivery and the heavy dosage of chloroform, left him with minimal to mild brain damage, which manifested itself in his subsequent hyperactive and erratic behaviour, limited attention span and impaired social abilities. The brachial plexus injury resulted in 2505:

with Prussia. In truth, the constitution defined the empire as a confederation of states under the permanent presidency of Prussia. The imperial crown was thus tied to the Prussian crown, meaning that Wilhelm could not renounce one crown without renouncing the other.

1180:, to meet with him and begin the negotiations. The Kaiser, who always had a warm relationship with Baron von Windthorst, whose decades long defence of German Catholics, Poles, Jews, and other minorities against the Iron Chancellor have since attracted comparisons to 2963:. The accompanying story called him "the greatest factor for peace that our time can show", and credited Wilhelm with frequently rescuing Europe from the brink of war. Until the late 1950s, Germany under the last Kaiser was depicted by most historians as an almost 2675:

and understood why they had come about. When I told him that any decent man would describe these actions as gangsterisms, he appeared totally indifferent. He is completely lost to our family". Wilhelm also stated, "For the first time, I am ashamed to be a German":

2262:

Unknown to the Emperor, Austro-Hungarian ministers and generals had already convinced the 83-year-old Franz Joseph I to sign a declaration of war against Serbia. As a direct consequence, Russia began a general mobilisation to attack Austria in defence of Serbia.

553:

by building a powerful navy as well as promoting scientific innovation within its borders, Wilhelm's public statements and erratic foreign policy greatly antagonized the international community and are considered by many to have substantially contributed to the

2340: 435: 784:

endurance for him. Over and over, the weeping prince was set on his horse and compelled to go through the paces. He fell off time after time but, despite his tears, was set on its back again. After weeks of this, he was finally able to maintain his balance.

2337: 432: 1455:

Wilhelm supported the modernisers as they tried to reform the Prussian system of secondary education, which was rigidly traditional, elitist, politically authoritarian, and unchanged by the progress in the natural sciences. As hereditary Protector of the

1004:

Kaiser Wilhelm I died in Berlin on 9 March 1888, and Prince Wilhelm's father ascended the throne as Frederick III. He was already experiencing an incurable throat cancer and spent all 99 days of his reign fighting the disease before dying. On 15 June of

2341: 2339: 2338: 581:

that dominated the country's policies for the rest of the conflict. Despite emerging victorious over Russia and obtaining significant territorial gains in Eastern Europe, Germany was forced to relinquish all its conquests after a decisive defeat on the

436: 434: 433: 3440:(original title: "Wilhelm II. – Die letzten Tage des Deutschen Kaiserreichs"), about the abdication and flight of the last German Kaiser. Germany/Belgium, 2007. Produced by seelmannfilm and German Television. Written and directed by Christoph Weinert. 2736:

of Uncle Edward VII brought to nought." In a September 1940 letter to an American journalist, Wilhelm praised Germany's rapid early conquests as "a succession of miracles", but remarked also that "the brilliant leading Generals in this war came from

2081:

crisis deeply wounded Wilhelm's previously unimpaired self-confidence, and he soon experienced a severe bout of depression from which he never fully recovered. He lost much of the influence he had previously exercised in domestic and foreign policy.

2236:

Wilhelm with the Grand Duke of Baden, Prince Oskar of Prussia, the Grand Duke of Hesse, the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Prince Louis of Bavaria, Prince Max of Baden and his son, Crown Prince Wilhelm, at pre-war military manoeuvres in autumn

2940:

Wilhelm was buried in a mausoleum upon the grounds of Huis Doorn, which has since become a place of pilgrimage for German monarchists, who gather there every year on the anniversary of his death to pay their homage to the last German Emperor.

2950:

great responsibilities of his position, a ruler too reckless to deal with power. Third, after 1950, later scholars have sought to transcend the passions of the early 20th century and attempted an objective portrayal of Wilhelm and his rule.

3282:, to Doorn. Wilhelm found 35-year-old Hermine very attractive, and greatly enjoyed her company. The couple were wed in Doorn on 5 November 1922 despite the objections of Wilhelm's monarchist supporters and his children. Hermine's daughter, 2112:

Nothing Wilhelm did in the international arena was of more influence than his decision to pursue a policy of massive naval construction. A powerful navy was Wilhelm's pet project. He had inherited from his mother a love of the British

2696:

require residence in a neutral foreign country, His Majesty must personally decline to make the aforementioned comment. The Emperor has therefore charged me with making a communication." Wilhelm greatly admired the success which the

1451:

was unable to avoid the Kaiser's pressure and lost some of its autonomy when it was forced to incorporate new programs in engineering, and award new fellowships in engineering sciences as a result of a gift from the Kaiser in 1900.

3385:

collectors to purveyors of elegant goods in Berlin stores, he had considerable esteem, but he prevented Jewish citizens from having careers in the army and the diplomatic corps and frequently used abusive language against them.

2445:. In 1917, Hindenburg and Ludendorff decided that Bethman-Hollweg was no longer acceptable to them as Chancellor and called upon the Kaiser to appoint somebody else. When asked whom they would accept, Ludendorff recommended 2741:

school, they fought under my command in the World War as lieutenants, captains and young majors. Educated by Schlieffen they put the plans he had worked out under me into practice along the same lines as we did in 1914."

2620:

reserves as well as several palaces. After 1945, the Hohenzollerns' forests, farms, factories and palaces in what became East Germany were expropriated and thousands of artworks were subsumed into state-owned museums.

2173:

which had previously functioned in the same capacity for both the army and navy. The Head of the Naval Cabinet was responsible for promotions, appointments, administration, and issuing orders to naval forces. Captain

1922:

made a name for themselves, one that even today makes them seem mighty in history and legend, may the name German be affirmed by you in such a way in China that no Chinese will ever again dare to look cross-eyed at a

8103: 1621:

and often competed against his uncle in the yacht races. Bertie's wife, Alexandra, also disliked Wilhelm. Even though Wilhelm had not been on the throne at the time, Alexandra felt anger over the Prussian seizure of

11436: 3277:

The following January, Wilhelm received a birthday greeting from a son of the late Prince Johann George Ludwig Ferdinand August Wilhelm of Schönaich-Carolath. The 63-year-old Wilhelm invited the boy and his mother,

2076:

fiasco, but later exacted his revenge by forcing the resignation of the chancellor, Prince Bülow, who had abandoned the Emperor to public scorn by not having the transcript edited before its German publication. The

3257:

Empress Augusta, known affectionately as "Dona", was a constant companion to Wilhelm, and her death on 11 April 1921 was a devastating blow. It also came less than a year after their son Joachim committed suicide.

2117:, which was at that time the world's largest. He once confided to his uncle, the Prince of Wales, that his dream was to have a "fleet of my own some day". Wilhelm's frustration over his fleet's poor showing at the 1435:, his loyal chancellors, looked after domestic affairs, while Wilhelm obliviously began to spread alarm in the chancelleries of Europe with his increasingly eccentric and ill-advised statements on foreign affairs. 2719:

a month later, Wilhelm sent another telegram: "Under the deeply moving impression of France's capitulation I congratulate you and all the German armed forces on the God-given prodigious victory with the words of

3343:

In response to the political competition between the Christian sects to build bigger and grander churches and monuments which made the sects appear idolatrous and turned Muslims away from the Christian message.

6993:

United Press, "Former Kaiser Will Never Be Tried For War – Holland Will Refuse Extradition – Demand Will Be Made as Matter of Form But Britain and France Will Drop Case When Dutch Refuse to Deliver War Lord",

3352: 2140:. Tirpitz enjoyed Wilhelm's full support in his advocacy of successive naval bills of 1897 and 1900, by which the German navy was built up to contend with that of the British Empire. Naval expansion under the 1626:

from her native Denmark in the 1860s, and was also annoyed over Wilhelm's treatment of his mother. Despite his poor relations with his English relatives, when he received news that Queen Victoria was dying at

2336: 1917:

Should you encounter the enemy, he will be defeated! No quarter will be given! Prisoners will not be taken! Whoever falls into your hands is forfeited. Just as a thousand years ago the Huns under their King

431: 977:, known as "Dona". The couple married on 27 February 1881, and their marriage lasted 40 years until her death in 1921. Between 1882 and 1892, Augusta bore Wilhelm seven children, six sons and a daughter. 9518: 2428:

Wilhelm's role in wartime was one of ever-decreasing power as he increasingly handled awards ceremonies and honorific duties. The high command continued with its strategy even when it was clear that the

2400:

On 1 August 1914 (Saturday), Wilhelm II made a war speech in front of a great crowd. On Monday, he motored back to Berlin from Potsdam and issued an imperial order to convene the Reichstag the next day.

12579: 2815: 1978:

The result was years of highly publicized scandals, trials, resignations, and suicides. Harden, like some in the upper echelons of the military and Foreign Office, resented Eulenberg's approval of the

791:. "Hinzpeter", he later wrote, "was really a good fellow. Whether he was the right tutor for me, I dare not decide. The torments inflicted on me, in this pony riding, must be attributed to my mother." 1156: 1111:

The final break between the Iron Chancellor and the Kaiser came when Bismarck initiated discussions with the opposition to form a new parliamentary majority without consulting with Wilhelm first. The

722:, then continued to grasp the left arm to rotate the infant's trunk and free the right arm, likely exacerbating the injury. After completing the delivery, and despite realising the newborn prince was 3144: 980:

Beginning in 1884, Bismarck began advocating that Kaiser Wilhelm send his grandson on diplomatic missions, a privilege denied to the Crown Prince. That year, Prince Wilhelm was sent to the court of

12564: 3594:(1890). Wilhelm wears the collar and mantle of the Prussian Order of the Black Eagle and, at his throat, the Protector's diamond-studded cross of the Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg). 12509: 7360: 2594:

of some standing) and kept himself updated on events in Europe. He grew a beard and allowed his famous moustache to droop, adopting a style very similar to that of his cousins King George V and

1119:

that Bismarck had been able to maintain since 1867, had finally lost its majority of seats in the Reichstag due to the Anti-Socialist Laws fiasco. The remaining powers in the Reichstag were the

12514: 11429: 10014: 2979:

as though they were messages from the Kaiser. Later historians downplayed his role, arguing that senior officials regularly learned to work around the Kaiser's back. More recently, historian

2191:

was appointed in 1889 and remained in post until 1895. Construction and maintenance of ships and obtaining supplies was the responsibility of the State Secretary of the Imperial Navy Office (

499:. In March 1888, Wilhelm's father, Frederick William, ascended the German and Prussian thrones as Frederick III. Frederick died just 99 days later, and his son succeeded him as Wilhelm II. 7579: 2449:, a nonentity whom he barely knew. Despite this, the Kaiser accepted the suggestion. Upon hearing in July 1917 that his cousin George V had changed the name of the British royal house to 1095:

As the debate continued, Wilhelm became more and more interested in the social problems being exploited in the propaganda of the Socialists, especially the treatment of mine workers who

2660:, Wilhelm said, "We have ceased to live under the rule of law and everyone must be prepared for the possibility that the Nazis will push their way in and put them up against the wall!" 2334: 429: 2509:

Wilhelm's hope of retaining at least one of his crowns was revealed as unrealistic when, in the hope of preserving the monarchy in the face of growing revolutionary unrest, Chancellor

1447:

for the promotion of scientific research; it was funded by wealthy private donors and by the state and comprised a number of research institutes in both pure and applied sciences. The

7854: 3424:

and his own forced abdication as the "deepest, most disgusting shame ever perpetrated by a person in history, the Germans have done to themselves ... egged on and misled by the

11422: 506:

and assumed direct control over his nation's policies, embarking on a bellicose "New Course" to cement Germany's status as a leading world power. Over the course of his reign, the

7905: 12494: 6199: 1104:, and prevented it from being made law. While Bismarck had previously sponsored landmark social security legislation, by 1889–90, he had become violently opposed to the rise of 8929: 8515:

The Evangelical Knights of Saint John: A History of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Knightly Order of St. John of the Hospital at Jerusalem, Known as the Johanniter Order

12529: 12499: 3286:, married the late Prince Joachim's son, Karl Franz Josef, in 1940, but divorced in 1946. Hermine remained a constant companion to the aging former emperor until his death. 2301:

On the night of 30 July 1914, when handed a document stating that Russia would not cancel its mobilisation, Wilhelm wrote a lengthy commentary containing these observations:

12474: 12554: 2335: 430: 12594: 12519: 966:

killed my father, and an English doctor crippled my arm—which is the fault of my mother", who allowed no German physicians to attend to herself or her immediate family.

12534: 12479: 10007: 1895:, to be merciless in battle. Wilhelm's fiery rhetoric clearly expressed his vision for Germany as one of the great powers. There were two versions of the speech. The 1406:"personal rule" in this era, but what is clear is the very different dynamic which existed between the Crown and its chief political servant (the Chancellor) in the " 7482: 2136:, by which Germany could force Britain to accede to German demands in the international arena through the threat posed by a powerful battlefleet concentrated in the 1701:

trying to interest other European rulers in the perils they faced by invading China; few other leaders paid attention. Wilhelm also used the Japanese victory in the

1296:

of 1878. Had Bismarck stayed he would not have helped. He already wanted to abolish all the reforms that had been introduced. He was aspiring to establish a kind of

932: 2241:

Wilhelm was a friend of Franz Ferdinand, and he was deeply shocked by his assassination on 28 June 1914. Wilhelm offered to support Austria-Hungary in crushing the

1899:

issued an edited version, making sure to omit one particularly incendiary paragraph that they regarded as diplomatically embarrassing. The edited version was this:

12544: 12524: 12469: 11636: 3304: 1130:, the head of government depends upon the confidence of the parliamentary majority and has the right to form coalitions to maintain a majority of supporters. In a 970: 2581:

allowed Wilhelm to remove twenty-three railway wagons of furniture, twenty-seven containing packages of all sorts, one bearing a car and another a boat, from the

12559: 11536: 7043: 12504: 12414: 5303: 2463:. The Kaiser's support base collapsed completely in October–November 1918 in the military, the civilian government, and in German public opinion, as President 2068:; and that the German naval buildup was targeted against the Japanese, not Britain. One memorable quotation from the interview was, "You English are mad, mad, 757: 12489: 2562:

President Woodrow Wilson of the United States opposed extradition, arguing that prosecuting Wilhelm would destabilise international order and lose the peace.

1690:

British public opinion had been quite favourable towards the Kaiser in his first twelve years on the throne, but it turned sour in the late 1890s. During the

12055: 10000: 7092: 5245: 2513:

announced Wilhelm's abdication of both titles on 9 November 1918. Prince Max himself was forced to resign later the same day, when it became clear that only

2467:

made it very clear that the monarchy must be overthrown before an end of the war could take place. That year also saw Wilhelm sickened during the worldwide

2144:

eventually led to severe financial strains in Germany by 1914, as by 1906 Wilhelm had committed his navy to construction of the much larger, more expensive

12574: 1391:

In 1891, the Reichstag passed the Workers Protection Acts, which improved working conditions, protected women and children and regulated labour relations.

1854:

before heading to Beirut to board his ship back home on 12 November. In his second visit, Wilhelm secured a promise for German companies to construct the

1417:

that would rival that of Britain and enable Germany to declare itself a world power. The last Kaiser ordered the high command of the armed forces to read

12589: 12539: 12484: 12065: 11205: 2745:

After the German conquest of the Netherlands in 1940, the aging Wilhelm retired completely from public life. In May 1940, Wilhelm declined an offer from

1212:) and especially against Russia. With Bismarck's dismissal, the Russians allegedly expected a reversal of policy in Berlin, so they quickly negotiated a 988:. Wilhelm's behaviour did little to ingratiate himself to the tsar. Two years later, Kaiser Wilhelm I took Prince Wilhelm on a trip to meet with Emperor 661:). Upon the death of Frederick William IV in January 1861, Wilhelm's namesake grandfather became king, and the two-year-old Wilhelm became second in the 12339: 10246: 7368: 2708:, I congratulate you and hope that under your marvellous leadership the German monarchy will be restored completely." Unimpressed, Hitler commented to 2364:

When it became clear that Germany would experience a war on two fronts and that Britain would enter the war if Germany attacked France through neutral

9331:

Steakley, James D. (1989). "Iconography of a Scandal: Political Cartoons and the Eulenburg Affair in Wilhelmine Germany". In Dubermann, Martin (ed.).

11825: 6857: 3234: 2724:

of the year 1870: 'What a turn of events through God's dispensation!' All German hearts are filled with the chorale of Leuthen, which the victors of

2245:, the secret organisation that had plotted the killing, and even sanctioned the use of force by Austria against the perceived source of the movement— 8041: 12060: 11928: 11616: 3239: 11100: 2636:, with his eldest grandson as the new Kaiser. His second wife, Hermine, actively petitioned the Nazi government on her husband's behalf. However, 12294: 8674:

Goetz, Walter (February 1955). "Kaiser Wilhelm II. und die Deutsche Geschichtsschreibung" [Kaiser William II and German historiography].

2072:." The effect in Germany was quite significant, with serious calls for his abdication. Wilhelm kept a very low profile for many months after the 974: 6824: 2937:

and Nazi Party regalia not be displayed at his funeral was ignored, as is seen in the photographs of the funeral taken by a Dutch photographer.

1631:

in January 1901, Wilhelm travelled to England and was at her bedside when she died, and he remained for the funeral. He also was present at the

12584: 12569: 12384: 10228: 9323: 6280: 4090: 1457: 8949:

McLean, Roderick R (2001), "Kaiser Wilhelm II and the British Royal Family: Anglo-German Dynastic Relations in Political Context, 1890–1914",

12409: 12404: 11984: 11039: 10466: 10329: 4393: 4015: 3563: 1961:

published accusations of homosexual activity involving ministers, courtiers, army officers, and Wilhelm's closest friend and advisor, Prince

925: 2757:

During his last year at Doorn, Wilhelm believed that Germany was still the land of monarchy and Christianity, while England was the land of

689:, after which Dr. August Wegner, the family's personal physician, was summoned. Upon examining Vicky, Wegner realised the infant was in the 12444: 4809: 1056:. They favoured making the anti-Socialist laws permanent, with one exception: giving the German police the power, similarly to the Tsarist 2648:, felt nothing but contempt for the man he blamed for Germany's greatest defeat, and the petitions were ignored. Though he played host to 1642:. Among the guests at the wedding were his cousins Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and King George V of the United Kingdom, and George's wife, 515: 12549: 12103: 12045: 11969: 11897: 11529: 5019: 4480: 4061: 3071: 3012:

The reverse shows the couple in medieval costumes in front of 3 squires carrying the shields of Prussia, Germany, and Schleswig-Holstein.

9721: 9612:

Rich, Norman. "The Question of National Interest In Imperial German Foreign Policy: Bismarck, William II, and the Road to World War I".

9435: 8385:

Berghahn, Volker R. (2003). "Structure and agency in Wilhelmine Germany: the history of the German Empire – past, present, and future".

6567: 3283: 3271: 2057:

Wilhelm's most damaging personal blunder cost him much of his prestige and power and had a far greater impact in Germany than overseas.

12040: 12020: 11974: 11907: 11902: 11730: 9782: 7902: 7626: 5487: 3104: 3008: 3000: 886: 570:. A lax wartime leader, Wilhelm left virtually all decision-making regarding strategy and organisation of the war effort to the German 310: 17: 6207: 6166: 1709:, which Wilhelm claimed would ally with China to overrun the conventional European Powers. Wilhelm also invested in strengthening the 12399: 12314: 12081: 11861: 11699: 11575: 11494: 11085: 10380: 8365: 6310: 5545: 3056: 2253:

was delivered to Serbia, he hurried back to Berlin. He reached Berlin on 28 July, read a copy of the Serbian reply, and wrote on it:

9703: 7710: 7696: 1395: 12299: 12219: 11933: 11892: 10428: 7692: 5271: 4455: 918: 10413: 7688: 2842: 2827: 1468: 139: 12349: 12050: 11964: 11856: 11820: 11794: 11198: 7676: 5425: 5367: 3050: 2967:. Partly, however, this was a deliberate deception by German civil servants and elected officials. For example, former President 2526: 1427: 1173:, Bismarck decided to start coalition talks with the all-Catholic Centre Party. He invited that party's leader in the Reichstag, 523: 11565: 3266: 1840:

scattered over the globe and revering in him their caliph, that the German Emperor will be and remain at all times their friend.

1783:

in 1889, Wilhelm secured the sale of German-made rifles to the Ottoman Army. Later on, he had his second political visit to the

12599: 12334: 12304: 11522: 11080: 11075: 8455: 6475:"Kaiser Suffers from His Wound— Injuries Received by German Emperor More Serious than First Reported— Details of the Assault", 5393: 5183: 3016:

Wilhelm and his first wife, Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, were married on 27 February 1881. They had seven children:

658: 242: 6370:""Hun Speech": Kaiser Wilhelm II's Address to the German Expeditionary Force Prior to its Departure for China (July 27, 1900)" 3752: 2652:

at Doorn on at least one occasion, Wilhelm learned to distrust Hitler. Hearing of the murder of the wife of former Chancellor

802:. In January 1877, Wilhelm finished high school and on his eighteenth birthday received as a present from his grandmother the 12113: 9639: 9606: 9562: 9533: 9465: 9424: 9260: 9218: 9197: 9147: 9088: 9048: 9027: 8919: 8900: 8811: 8756: 8632: 8584: 8563: 8544: 8523: 8502: 8469: 8444: 5513: 4698: 3150: 3094: 777: 9760: 9689:

The German emperor's speeches: being a selection from the speeches, edicts, letters, and telegrams of the Emperor William II

6397: 4209: 12369: 11799: 10402: 10391: 10347: 9924: 9777: 9038: 5036: 3700: 3650: 1586: 634: 496: 409: 330: 3335:(which he visited three times—an unbeaten record for any European monarch) in 1898, Wilhelm II wrote to Nicholas II that: 2148:

type of battleship. The British depended on naval superiority and its response was to make Germany its most feared enemy.

1443:

Wilhelm enthusiastically promoted the arts and sciences, as well as public education and social welfare. He sponsored the

1192:, was furious to hear about Bismarck's plans for coalition talks with the Centre Party only after they had already begun. 12309: 11994: 11979: 10432: 10250: 10214: 10205: 10196: 10187: 7749: 4845: 4489: 4340: 4065: 3827: 3217: 1737: 1639: 1570: 1398:

in 1894. Following the dismissal of Hohenlohe in 1900, Wilhelm appointed the man whom he regarded as "his own Bismarck",

906: 8311:

Ashton, Nigel J; Hellema, Duco (2000), "Hanging the Kaiser: Anglo-Dutch Relations and the Fate of Wilhelm II, 1918–20",

4199: 1654: 12464: 12207: 12093: 11789: 11483: 11477: 11454: 11191: 10293: 9587:(argues his irrationality and instability made worse the weaknesses in Germany's constitutional and political systems). 9393: 9107: 8461: 8375: 4937: 4350: 3228: 3061: 1748: 1289: 1081: 590: 99: 37: 8284: 8268: 7990:. Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 10 12459: 12344: 12015: 11214: 11070: 11032: 10829: 10809: 10789: 10459: 10174: 10156: 9798: 9239: 9067: 8989: 8939: 8870: 8780: 8723: 8664: 8611: 8402: 8252: 8022: 7260: 4907: 4791: 4534: 2883: 2732:!" In a letter to his daughter Victoria Louise, Duchess of Brunswick, he wrote triumphantly, "Thus is the pernicious 2122: 1365: 1343: 1269:

in the 1880s with the highly successful and often repeated refrain, "The Reich is in danger." Therefore, in order to

989: 881: 670: 11414: 2959:

published a special supplement devoted to the 25th anniversary of the Kaiser's accession. The banner headline read:

2521:, could effectively exert control. Later that day, one of Ebert's secretaries of state (ministers), Social Democrat 1525: 1336: 12329: 12184: 12108: 12025: 11989: 11846: 11138: 10834: 10824: 10794: 10681: 10406: 10311: 10109: 7101: 5125: 4176: 3203: 3169: 3133: 3125: 2975:, the German ambassador in Washington and a personal friend of Roosevelt, presented to the President messages from 2668: 2170: 1108:. In particular, he was opposed to wage increases, improving working conditions, and regulating labour relations. 1053: 891: 674: 315: 11560: 1927:

The term "Hun" later became the favoured epithet of Allied anti-German war propaganda during the First World War.

1196:

Monarchy's involvement in both foreign and domestic policy. The letter was published only after Bismarck's death.

12429: 12364: 12125: 11877: 11851: 11815: 11143: 11133: 10854: 10804: 10646: 8185: 4703: 4260: 4250: 3515: 3492: 3279: 2433:

had failed. By 1916 the Empire had effectively become a military dictatorship under the control of Field Marshal

2388:

should have played me false! If my grandmother had been alive, she would never have allowed it." In the original

589:

Losing the support of his country's military and many of his subjects, Wilhelm was forced to abdicate during the

480: 7580:"'Kingsman' Prequel: Harris Dickinson, Gemma Arterton, Ralph Fiennes, Aaron Taylor-Johnson Among Confirmed Cast" 973:. She turned him down, and in time, married into the Russian imperial family. In 1880 Wilhelm became engaged to 12419: 12289: 11768: 11723: 11123: 10912: 10874: 10869: 10849: 10750: 10333: 9381: 9169: 5651: 5608: 4927: 3179: 2369: 1558: 645:. Frederick William IV had been left permanently incapacitated by a series of strokes, and his younger brother 598: 827:. This had a major impact on him, and in maturity Wilhelm was seldom seen out of uniform. The hyper-masculine 11923: 11621: 11606: 11546: 11240: 11153: 11001: 10927: 10864: 10859: 10839: 10814: 10799: 10779: 10735: 10612: 10607: 10275: 9992: 9884: 9846: 7428: 6791: 5646: 5209: 4782: 4604: 4416: 3717: 2218: 2160: 713:

extract, and at 2:45 pm saw the infant's buttocks emerging from the birth canal but noticed the pulse in the

654: 630: 511: 492: 484: 373: 150: 89: 7937: 538:. By the second decade of the 20th century, Germany could rely only on significantly weaker nations such as 12394: 12137: 12010: 11611: 11471: 11025: 10844: 10819: 10740: 10666: 10617: 10602: 10597: 10452: 9984: 9735: 4898: 4836: 4736: 3864: 3640: 3209: 3115: 2809:

the ... welfare of our German people ... Nobody of the new generation knows anything about her."

2802: 2607: 2377: 2327: 2091: 1741: 1694:, he became the central target of British anti-German propaganda and the personification of a hated enemy. 1448: 981: 947: 876: 422: 300: 10127: 8643: 12434: 12354: 11938: 11580: 11278: 11048: 10676: 10641: 10592: 10395: 10369: 10024: 9773: 9117:

Reinermann, Lothar (October 2008). "Fleet Street and the Kaiser: British Public Opinion and Wilhelm II".

8038: 4683: 4658: 4306: 4157: 3900: 3817: 3421: 2972: 2704:, and personally sent Hitler a congratulatory telegram when the Netherlands surrendered in May 1940: "My 2598:. He also learned the Dutch language. Wilhelm developed a penchant for archaeology while residing at the 1952: 1722: 583: 33: 5913:

Bismarck and State Socialism. An Exposition of the Social and Economic Legislation of Germany since 1870

2376:

for the possibility of German war on two fronts) told him that this was impossible, Wilhelm said: "Your

12439: 12153: 12098: 11830: 10968: 10884: 10767: 10384: 9755: 9292:, New York: The American Society of The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John in Jerusalem 4962: 4576: 4554: 4283: 4055: 3939: 3451: 3066: 2797:

off from British influences after the elimination of the British and the Jews!" The result would be a "

2793: 2459: 1855: 1632: 1509: 1262: 1151: 1036:

But the origin of Bismarck's dismissal lies in home affairs. After gaining an absolute majority in the

1006: 862: 799: 531: 10756: 9794: 9741: 9715: 7816: 1713:

in Africa and the Pacific, but few became profitable and all were lost during the First World War. In

996:, the son of the Chancellor, Prince Wilhelm began to be trained twice a week at the Foreign Ministry. 12454: 12424: 12389: 12035: 11887: 11882: 11716: 11667: 11631: 11236: 11148: 10996: 10977: 10958: 10725: 10421: 9929: 6438:(Volume 274 ed.), Opladen: Schriftenreihe der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, p. 357 6342: 5999: 5151: 4122: 3690: 3680: 3530: 3192: 1744:, and helped negotiate an end to the opposition to the wedding by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. 1732:

One of the few times when Wilhelm succeeded in personal diplomacy was when in 1900, he supported the

1582: 1413:

In the early twentieth century, Wilhelm began to concentrate upon his real agenda: the creation of a

1049: 1037: 901: 685:

Shortly before midnight on 26 January 1859, Princess Vicky experienced labour pains, followed by her

646: 325: 11313: 10131: 10122: 6284: 4193: 1533:

for the funeral of King Edward VII, photographed on 20 May 1910. Standing, from left to right: King

1387:. At the opening of the Reichstag on 6 May 1890, the Kaiser stated that the most pressing issue was 816:. Wilhelm possessed a quick intelligence, but this was often overshadowed by a cantankerous temper. 12374: 12172: 11943: 10936: 10762: 10232: 10223: 9445: 8791: 5451: 4581: 4324: 4084: 3772: 3618: 2729: 2657: 2603: 2480: 2175: 1714: 1562: 1330: 962:

especially with his English mother. In an outburst in April 1889, Wilhelm angrily implied that "an

718:

legs". Due to the "narrowness of the birth canal", he then forcibly pulled the left arm downwards,

626: 488: 465: 383: 11514: 7418:"Ex-Kaiser Married in Strict Privacy at House of Doorn", The New York Times, 6 November 1922, p. 1 7152: 6369: 6352: 1891:. The Kaiser's farewell address to departing German soldiers commanded them, in the spirit of the 1492:

Historians have frequently stressed the role of Wilhelm's personality in shaping his reign. Thus,

1204:

going dangerously off course, leading directly to the carnage of the First and Second World Wars.

12359: 12030: 11343: 11065: 10557: 10475: 10351: 10315: 10306: 8294: 8278: 8262: 8140: 7659: 7511: 4495: 3920: 3891: 3807: 3158: 2182: 1887:, an anti-foreign uprising in China, was put down in 1900 by an international force known as the 1594: 1538: 1189: 1131: 896: 320: 9584: 8772:

The War and the Bagdad Railway: The Story of Asia Minor and Its Relation to the Present Conflict

6858:"KAISER PREDICTS GERMAN VICTORY; Issues an Encouraging Decree as He Leaves Berlin for the Front" 2976: 2413: 665:

to the Prussian throne. After 1871, Wilhelm also became second in the line to the newly created

12379: 11749: 11601: 11596: 11170: 11118: 11090: 10917: 10686: 10417: 9478: 8603: 8157: 5081: 4892: 4750: 4614: 4511: 4384: 4331: 4147: 4099: 3948: 3631: 3402: 3083: 2916: 2854: 2380:

would have given me a different answer!" Wilhelm is also reported to have said, "To think that

2206: 2052: 1710: 1444: 1347: 1209: 1028:, the Chancellor who dominated German policy making until Wilhelm II assumed the throne in 1888 719: 555: 507: 305: 266: 113: 9250: 8704: 6606: 6167:"The Construction of the Baghdad Railway and its Impact on Anglo-Turkish Relations, 1902–1913" 787:

Wilhelm, from six years of age, was tutored and heavily influenced by the 39-year-old teacher

12324: 12319: 11739: 11505: 10703: 10651: 10623: 10373: 10324: 10210: 10091: 9817: 9764: 9164:. translated by Terence F. Cole (reprint, illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. 8821:

König, Wolfgang (2004), "The Academy and the Engineering Sciences: an Unwelcome Royal Gift",

8162: 8069: 7888: 5058: 5047: 4985: 4624: 4515: 4436: 3913: 2911: 2891: 2633: 2385: 2021: 1995: 1896: 1888: 1659: 1554: 1542: 1217: 1135: 1120: 985: 846: 820: 788: 673:, was ruled by the Prussian king. At the time of his birth, he was also sixth in the line of 578: 571: 473: 456:(Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 1859 – 4 June 1941) was the last 8595: 8063: 7882: 7630: 7100: 6902: 1399: 145: 12284: 12279: 11672: 11393: 10949: 10903: 10784: 10714: 10691: 10661: 10241: 10192: 10178: 10160: 10151: 9336: 7923: 7828: 7799: 7735: 7609: 7509: 6173: 4118: 3994: 3800: 3549:

played a depressed Wilhelm II living in exile at Huis Doorn in the 2016 romantic war drama

3459: 3244: 3039: 2926: 2887: 2758: 2641: 2582: 2545: 2490: 2442: 2209:

from 1890 to 1897. Each of these three heads of department reported separately to Wilhelm.

2037: 2029: 1979: 1962: 1913:

The official version omitted the following passage from which the speech derives its name:

1828: 1725:, although Wilhelm eventually ordered it to be stopped and recalled its mastermind General 1534: 1431:, and spent hours drawing sketches of the ships that he dreamed of having built. Bülow and 1414: 1127: 1116: 1045: 1033:

and would like to draw his sword straight away if he could. I shall not be a party to it."

993: 854: 824: 694: 638: 165: 8355: 6317: 3339:

If I had come there without any religion at all, I certainly would have turned Mohammedan!

2577:, and moved in on 15 May 1920. This was to be his home for the remainder of his life. The 2118: 1755:

and the House of Hohenzollern that had followed Bismarck's invasion and annexation of the

8: 12449: 12274: 12245: 11784: 11657: 11258: 11183: 11128: 10730: 10720: 10708: 10546: 10517: 10502: 10488: 9687: 9668: 8766: 8598:

Intellectuals in the Modern Islamic World: Transmission, Transformation and Communication

7962: 6346: 5026: 4957: 4878: 4773: 4729: 3854: 3546: 3539: 3184: 2653: 2522: 2510: 2434: 2417: 2242: 2202: 2069: 2059: 1733: 1550: 1422: 1185: 1101: 812: 803: 745: 8770: 2671:

in the presence of his brothers. He had the nerve to say that he agreed with the Jewish

2368:, the panic-stricken Wilhelm attempted to redirect the main attack against Russia. When 11450: 11109: 10745: 10636: 10573: 10537: 10297: 10288: 10095: 10086: 10077: 10068: 9544: 9369: 9361: 9317: 8846: 8691: 8336: 7584: 6907: 6631:

Donald E. Shepardson, "The History of Venezuela (1948–1958) 'Daily Telegraph' Affair",

6561: 4829: 4238: 3999: 3971: 3884: 3847: 3660: 3612: 3480: 3312: 2968: 2955: 2879: 2692: 2599: 2550: 2494: 2126: 2095: 1756: 1702: 1676: 1623: 1546: 1477: 1418: 1228: 807: 730: 662: 160: 9802: 9590:

Otte, T.G., "'The Winston of Germany': The British Elite and the Last German Emperor"

9444:] (in German), Germany/Belgium: seelmannfilm and German Television, archived from 9157: 8734: 8412:

Boyd, Carl L. (1966). "The Wasted Ten Years, 1888–1898: The Kaiser Finds an Admiral".

7977: 6825:"KAISER MOTORS TO BERLIN.; With Brother and Other Princes, He Is Greeted Tumultuously" 2980: 2785:. We must drive Juda out of England just as he has been chased out of the Continent." 2276: 697:

was then sent for, arriving at the palace at 10 am on 27 January. After administering

597:. Wilhelm subsequently fled to exile in the Netherlands, where he remained during its 54: 11626: 11444: 10578: 10507: 10113: 10104: 9976: 9869: 9698: 9635: 9602: 9580: 9558: 9529: 9461: 9420: 9389: 9373: 9256: 9235: 9214: 9193: 9165: 9143: 9103: 9084: 9063: 9044: 9023: 8985: 8968: 8935: 8915: 8896: 8866: 8850: 8838: 8807: 8776: 8752: 8719: 8695: 8660: 8628: 8607: 8596: 8580: 8559: 8540: 8519: 8498: 8465: 8440: 8398: 8371: 8340: 8328: 8018: 7256: 6865: 6832: 6799: 6694:

Arms Races in International Politics: from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Century

4888: 4800: 4692: 4649: 4432: 4140: 3932: 3574: 3475: 3414: 3410: 3398: 3394: 3365: 3308: 2964: 2789: 2746: 2725: 2498: 2288: 2246: 2188: 1958: 1726: 1705:

to try to incite fear in the west of the yellow peril that they faced by a resurgent

1590: 1383:

Bismarck was succeeded as Chancellor of Germany and Minister-President of Prussia by

1258: 1213: 1181: 1177: 1025: 958: 723: 622: 503: 292: 193: 128: 11688: 11293: 9271: 8475: 6998:, Riverside, California, Thursday evening, 1 January 1920, Volume XXXV, No. 1, p. 1. 3726: 2649: 2489:, when the uprisings in Berlin and other centres took him by surprise in late 1918. 562:

culminated in Germany's guarantee of military support to Austria-Hungary during the

11662: 11570: 11298: 11056: 10773: 10671: 10551: 10497: 9707: 9353: 9126: 8958: 8830: 8799: 8683: 8624:

The King and the Cowboy: Theodore Roosevelt and Edward the Seventh, Secret Partners

8421: 8390: 8320: 8037:

Kalakaua to his sister, 4 August 1881, quoted in Greer, Richard A. (editor, 1967) "

6449: 4855: 4473: 4450: 4359: 4301: 3511: 2930: 2770: 2721: 2701: 2595: 2566: 2450: 2438: 2421: 2284: 2132:

The new admiral had conceived of what came to be known as the "Risk Theory" or the

2005: 1966: 1752: 1574: 1493: 1432: 1301: 1237: 1085: 963: 828: 769: 519: 9734: 2606:, a passion he retained in his exile. He had bought the former Greek residence of 1021: 831:

in this period did much to frame his political ideals and personal relationships.

11753: 11388: 11368: 11333: 11254: 10630: 10522: 10512: 10279: 9951: 9916: 9897: 9857: 9769: 9730: 9677: 9552: 9506:

Eley, Geoff. "The View From The Throne: The Personal Rule of Kaiser Wilhelm II",

9455: 9414: 9229: 9208: 9078: 9017: 8881: 8858: 8746: 8654: 8622: 8574: 8534: 8513: 8492: 8434: 8394: 8045: 7909: 6311:"The Emperor's visit to the East: As reflected in contemporary Arabic journalism" 6200:"Following The Tracks To War – Britain, Germany & The Berlin–Baghdad Railway" 6112:

Twilight of Splendor: The Court of Queen Victoria During Her Diamond Jubilee Year

4549: 4243: 4231: 3983: 3781: 3558: 2921: 2898: 2645: 2578: 2537: 2514: 2446: 2430: 2389: 2280: 2192: 2065: 1884: 1859: 1747:

A domestic triumph for Wilhelm was when his daughter Victoria Louise married the

1691: 1668: 1602: 1384: 1293: 1281: 1270: 1246: 1200:

to this view, what Wilhelm termed "The New Course" is characterised as Germany's

1160: 1105: 765: 761: 706: 690: 594: 539: 461: 397: 155: 133: 105: 69: 11328: 9694: 8687: 7871:(in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, pp. 3, 5 – via HathiTrust 5641: 2777:

thoroughly infected by Juda". Wilhelm asserted that the "British people must be

776:. During the ceremony, the four-year-old became restless. His 18-year-old uncle 633:("Fritz", the future Frederick III). His mother, Vicky, was the eldest child of 609: 11378: 11174: 10656: 10587: 10563: 10342: 10032: 9892: 9853: 8235: 7999: 7160: 4766: 4677: 3965: 3952: 3927: 3468: 3332: 2882:

in Doorn, Netherlands, on 4 June 1941, at the age of 82, just weeks before the

2798: 2502: 2464: 2373: 1784: 1780: 1706: 1680: 1578: 1530: 1300:

and hoped to treat our family in the same way the Japanese shoguns treated the

734: 714: 686: 543: 457: 65: 11270: 10022: 9749: 9357: 9307: 8834: 8803: 8425: 8324: 8211: 5637: 2271: 2232: 2016:, turning his back on Wilhelm II, whose sabre is shown extending from his coat 1389:

the further enlargement of the bill concerning the protection of the labourer.

12268: 11446: 11363: 11338: 11308: 11303: 11288: 10987: 10043: 9714: 9650: 8972: 8842: 8436:

George, Nicholas and Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins and the Road to World War I

8361: 8332: 8117: 8104:

Militaire Willems-Orde: Preussen, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albrecht Prinz von

7487: 6869: 6836: 6803: 6556: 5640:, a Norwegian city rebuilt by Wilhelm II after it had been almost completely 4999: 4033: 3670: 3586: 3570: 3551: 3525: 3504: 3499: 3487: 3406: 3299:

In accordance with his role as the King of Prussia, Emperor Wilhelm II was a

2716: 2664: 1788: 1628: 1618: 1505: 1274: 1241:

on 29 March 1890, two weeks after Bismarck's forced resignation as Chancellor

1201: 1150:

In a deeply ironic moment, a mere decade after demonizing all members of the

1096: 1069: 969:

As a young man, Wilhelm fell in love with one of his maternal first cousins,

666: 559: 527: 469: 9130: 8963: 7774: 3561:

portrayed Wilhelm II during his last days as Emperor in the 2018 miniseries

2155:

was opened in 1895, enabling faster movements between the North Sea and the

1767: 1223: 1061: 11353: 11323: 11318: 11262: 11222: 10532: 10483: 9654: 5656: 4006: 3748: 3361: 3324: 2637: 2486: 2187:, was responsible for ship deployments, strategy and tactics. Vice-Admiral 2133: 2028:, in Morocco on 31 March 1905. He conferred with representatives of Sultan 1698: 1684: 1643: 1232: 1065: 1060:, to expel alleged Socialist agitators from their homes by decree and into 1009:, his 29-year-old son succeeded him as German Emperor and King of Prussia. 749: 535: 363: 2159:. In 1889 Wilhelm reorganised top-level control of the navy by creating a 1638:

In 1913, Wilhelm hosted a lavish wedding in Berlin for his only daughter,

984:

in St. Petersburg to attend the coming-of-age ceremony of the 16-year-old

11373: 10697: 9501:

The Eulenburg Affair: A Cultural History of Politics in the German Empire

8883:

Western Civilization: Paleolithic man to the emergence of European powers

6348:

The kaiser's speeches: Forming a character portrait of Emperor William II

4598: 4049: 3373: 3357: 2894: 2709: 2541: 2468: 2454: 2296: 2250: 2145: 1983: 1672: 1598: 1169: 567: 563: 550: 393: 9617: 8084: 7510:

Edward Jewitt Wheeler; Isaac Kaufman Funk; William Seaver Woods (1920).

6571:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 858. 5659:

on society, politics, culture, art and architecture of Germany 1890–1918

2890:, fully dressed in his old Imperial Hussars uniform, former World War I 11383: 9365: 4874: 3709: 3425: 3397:

in 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm also suggested a similar campaign against the "

3328: 3145:

Princess Alexandra Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

2906: 2902: 2833: 2774: 2766: 2629: 2628:

In the early 1930s, Wilhelm apparently hoped that the successes of the

2574: 2497:, the imperial navy, profoundly shocked him. After the outbreak of the 2356: 2156: 2152: 2141: 2114: 1905: 1878: 1614: 1610: 1473: 1407: 1100:

regarding the protection of industrial workers, as was required by the

823:, Wilhelm was exposed from an early age to the military society of the 702: 593:

which converted Germany into an unstable democratic state known as the

210: 11017: 10444: 9009:

Rereading German History: From Unification to Reunification, 1800–1996

8594:

Dudoignon, Stephane A.; Hisao, Komatsu; Yasushi, Kosugi, eds. (2006).

7903:

Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach

2752: 2347:

Extract from Wilhelm's public address for mobilisation, 6 August 1914.

2129:, whom he appointed to the head of the Imperial Naval Office in 1897. 1909:

civilization once and for all! Now you may depart! Farewell, comrades!

756:

In 1863, Wilhelm was taken to England to be present at the wedding of

11708: 9939: 9751:

The Last German Emperor, Living in Exile in The Netherlands 1918–1941

9207:

Röhl, John C. G. (1982). Röhl, John C. G.; Sombart, Nicolaus (eds.).

7842:

Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1897

7439: 7253:

Conflict, Catastrophe and Continuity: Essays on Modern German History

5077: 3591: 3447: 2697: 2137: 2009: 1940: 1804: 1800: 1772: 1254: 1140: 9761:

Historical film documents on Wilhelm II from the time of World War I

8931:

Dreadnought : Britain, Germany, and the coming of the Great War

3478:

played Wilhelm II in the several episodes of the 1975 BBC TV series

2971:

believed the Kaiser was in control of German foreign policy because

2870: 2705: 2000: 1605:; upon her marriage, he attempted to ban her from entering Germany. 1484: 11544: 10893: 9572: 8061: 6692:

Matthew S. Seligmann, "The Anglo-German Naval Race, 1898–1914". In

4916: 3390: 3300: 2992: 2934: 2381: 2013: 1866: 1824: 1174: 1073: 12580:

Annulled Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order

9647:

Kaiser and Führer: A Comparative Study of Personality and Politics

9405:

The Unforgotten Crowns: The German Monarchist Movements, 1918–1945

9162:

The Kaiser and His Court: Wilhelm II and the Government of Germany

9140:

The Kaiser and His Court: Wilhelm II and the Government of Germany

8556:

The Plague of the Spanish Lady – The Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19

6883: 2667:

of 9–10 November 1938, saying "I have just made my views clear to

2100: 1820: 1488:

Wilhelm indulging in his famed appreciation of flamboyant uniforms

9554:

The Kaiser: New Research on Wilhelm II's Role in Imperial Germany

9513:

Haardt, Oliver FR. "The Kaiser in the Federal State, 1871–1918".

9299:

Woodrow Wilson, Revolutionary Germany, and peacemaking, 1918–1919

8387:

The Kaiser: New Research on Wilhelm II's Role in Imperial Germany

6613: 4506: 4412: 4378: 4279: 3977: 2365: 2108:

shows five nations engaged in naval race; the Kaiser is in white.

2025: 1851: 1795:

with Constantinople on 16 October 1898; then he went by yacht to

1718: 1569:

As a grandchild of Queen Victoria, Wilhelm was a first cousin of

1266: 1057: 951: 810:, studying law and politics. He became a member of the exclusive 642: 358: 12565:

Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 1st class

8536:

King, Kaiser, Tsar: Three Royal Cousins Who Led the World to War

7942:

Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie

7361:"Kaiser, 25 Years a Ruler, Hailed as Chief Peacemaker; ..." 7093:"His Ancestors Were German Kings. He Wants Their Treasures Back" 6089: 1253:. According to Eksteins, the Iron Chancellor, in his need for a 574:. By August 1916, this broad delegation of power gave rise to a 12510:

Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog

10270: 9795:

Portraits of Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia

9474:"The interview of the Emperor Wilhelm II on October 28, 1908". 4979: 4643: 4427: 3766: 3463: 3420:

On 2 December 1919, Wilhelm wrote to Mackensen, denouncing the

2672: 1936: 1919: 1865:

His third visit was on 15 October 1917, as the guest of Sultan

1837: 1812: 1792: 1297: 1277:

even more divided in 1890 than they had ever been before 1871.

795: 698: 650: 618: 12515:

Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus

8039:

The Royal Tourist—Kalakaua's Letters Home from Tokio to London

7627:"Wilhelm II, German Emperor & King of Prussia (1859–1941)" 7181: 7179: 7001: 6560: 6514: 6512: 5962:

Rites of Spring: The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age

1667:

rational course. There were a number of examples, such as the

502:

In March 1890, the young Kaiser dismissed longtime Chancellor

10169: 7483:"How Recep Tayyip Erdogan seduces Turkish migrants in Europe" 7109: 6222: 3004:

Wedding medal of Prince Wilhelm and Princess Augusta, obverse

2762: 2570: 2040:, which served largely to further isolate Germany in Europe. 1808: 1796: 1305: 1220:, beginning a process that by 1914 largely isolated Germany. 710: 214: 9080:

Royals and the Reich: The Princes Von Hessen in Nazi Germany

7858:(1890), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 45 7400: 7305: 6499: 6497: 5918: 3537:

Rainer Sellien played Wilhelm II in the 2014 BBC miniseries

3462:

played the adult Wilhelm II in several episodes of the 1974

8880:

Langer, William Leonard; MacKendrick, Paul Lachlan (1968).

7884:

Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg0: 1879

7855:

Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha

7451: 7176: 6509: 4921: 2195:), responsible to the Imperial Chancellor and advising the 1892: 1816: 1662:

in 1905, wearing the military uniforms of each other's army

773: 510:

acquired new territories in China and the Pacific (such as

11213: 7388: 7044:

The Last Kaiser, Radio Netherlands Archives, November 1998

6735: 6029: 3389:

At the height of German military intervention against the

1862:

constructed in Constantinople to commemorate his journey.

7803:(1894), "Herzogliche Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17 7317: 7121: 6494: 6341: 5942: 2518: 1762: 1609:

especially bad relationship with his uncle Bertie (later

1597:. Wilhelm was infuriated by his sister's conversion from 9437:

Wilhelm II – Die letzten Tage des Deutschen Kaiserreichs

9333:

Hidden From History: Reclaiming The Gay And Lesbian Past

8017:(in Finnish). Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö. p. 65. 7984:

State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1941

7429:"Ex Kaiser's Secret Wedding 1922 (silent film newsreel)" 7191: 7072: 7060: 7048: 7025: 6674: 6638: 6587: 6482: 6053: 6017: 5930: 5881: 5869: 3502:

played Wilhelm in the 1987 Polish historical drama film

3490:

played Wilhelm II in the 1918 Hollywood propaganda film

2372:(who had chosen the old plan from 1905, made by General 442:

Wilhelm II speaking to the German people (recorded 1914)

9725:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 667–669. 9625:

Kaiser Wilhelm II New Interpretations: The Corfu Papers

9210:

Kaiser Wilhelm II New Interpretations: The Corfu Papers

8706:

The American Year Book: A Record of Events and Progress

7549: 7547: 7341: 7329: 7227: 7133: 6915: 6699: 6575: 5787: 5785: 4091:

Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig

2749:

of asylum in Britain, preferring to die at Huis Doorn.

2201:

on naval matters. The first appointee was Rear Admiral

1520: 705:, which was administered by Vicky's personal physician 12495:

Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary

9252:

Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and Exile, 1900–1941

7293: 7203: 6939: 6790:

TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (1 August 1914).

6771: 6747: 6304: 6302: 6065: 2961:"Kaiser, 25 Years a Ruler, Hailed as Chief Peacemaker" 8593: 8055: 7463: 7445: 6759: 6723: 6662: 6146: 6077: 5624:

is uncommon in contrast to other historical monarchs.

5246:

Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

3327:. He described himself as a "friend" to "300 million 3305:

Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces

12530:

Knights Grand Cross of the Military Order of William

12500:

Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Maria Theresa

9670:

The German Emperor as shown in his public utterances

9003:. Vol. 2: Machtstaat vor der Demokratie (in German). 8645:

The German Emperor as Shown in His Public Utterances

7775:"Wilhelm II. deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen" 7559: 7544: 7520: 7281: 7269: 7215: 6975: 6963: 6927: 6711: 6462:"Kaiser Hit by a Missile Thrown into His Carriage", 6041: 5857: 5833: 5809: 5782: 5770: 5758: 5746: 5734: 5724: 5722: 5720: 1308:. My grandfather had no choice but to dismiss him." 1147:

Bismarck began coalition talks with the Opposition.

729:

Modern medical assessments have concluded Wilhelm's

27:

German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 to 1918

12555:

Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)

11748:The generations are numbered from the ascension of 9102:. Flagstaff, Arizona: Light Technology Publishing. 7979:

Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1941

7969: 7924:

Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg

7532: 7376: 7013: 6299: 6246: 6234: 5980: 5915:(London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1891), p. 44. 5705: 2953:On 8 June 1913, a year before the Great War began, 2753:

Anti-England, antisemitic, and anti-Freemason views

957:When Wilhelm was in his early twenties, Chancellor 12595:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Cross of Liberty 12520:Knights Grand Cross of the Military Order of Savoy 9234:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 8716:'Luxury Fleet', The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918 8494:Wilhelm II: Volume 2: Emperor and Exile, 1900–1941 8186:"Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro" 7976:Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1941) . 7367: 6537: 6436:Deutschland im 19. Jahrhundert. Entwicklungslinien 6258: 6164: 5893: 5845: 5821: 5797: 5681: 5669: 3514:played a young crown prince Wilhelm and friend of 3438:William II. – The last days of the German Monarchy 1775:during his state visit to the Ottoman Empire, 1898 1721:), a native revolt against German rule led to the 1249:has argued that Bismarck's dismissal was actually 1092:split over this issue and the law was not passed. 758:his uncle Bertie and Princess Alexandra of Denmark 12535:Grand Crosses of the Order of the House of Orange 12480:Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Max Joseph 12475:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class) 9526:Wilhelm II and the Germans: A Study in Leadership 9442:William II – The last days of the German Monarchy 9181:Young Wilhelm: The Kaiser's Early Life, 1859–1888 8984:(illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. 8879: 8823:Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy 8659:(1st ed.). London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 7975: 6095: 5717: 4341:Knight of Saints Cyril and Methodius, with Collar 2700:was able to achieve in the opening months of the 2632:would stimulate interest in a restoration of the 2485:Wilhelm was at the Imperial Army headquarters in 2020:One of Wilhelm's diplomatic blunders sparked the 1671:of 1896 in which Wilhelm congratulated President 657:of his maternal grandparents (Queen Victoria and 637:. At the time of Wilhelm's birth, his granduncle 12266: 9344:Steinberg, Jonathan (1973). "The Tirpitz Plan". 9273:How A German Soldier Still Loves His Dead Kaiser 7813:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden 7730: 7728: 7503: 6650: 5693: 5010: 2933:. However, Kaiser Wilhelm's insistence that the 1791:. The Kaiser started his journey to the Ottoman 1438: 752:Wilhelm as a student at the age of 18 in Kassel. 649:, the young prince's grandfather, was acting as 12545:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal) 12525:Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion 12470:Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 8012: 7736:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Preußen 7610:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Preußen 7604: 7602: 2151:In addition to the expansion of the fleet, the 2085: 1751:in 1913; this helped heal the rift between the 975:Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein 12560:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class 12244:born after the abolishment of monarchy by the 8792:"Germany and the Armenian Genocide of 1915–17" 7829:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern 7800:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtums Anhalt 6364: 6362: 6275: 6273: 2123:his grandmother's Diamond Jubilee celebrations 549:Despite strengthening Germany's position as a 12505:Recipients of the Order of Bravery, 1st class 12415:German royalty and nobility with disabilities 11724: 11530: 11430: 11199: 11033: 10460: 10008: 9550: 9510:June 1985, Vol. 28 Issue 2, pp. 469–485. 8893:Wilhelm Hohenzollern: The Last of the Kaisers 8748:The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1888–1918 8310: 8092:(in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. pp. 144, 149. 8062:Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1898). 8015:Vapaudenristin ritarikunta: Isänmaan puolesta 7725: 7007: 6351:. Harper & Brothers Publishers. pp. 6122: 6120: 4394:Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog 3270:With second wife, Hermine, and her daughter, 2536:only after Ludendorff's replacement, General 1957:In the years 1906–1909, Socialist journalist 1831:the following day, the Kaiser made a speech: 926: 8732: 7621: 7619: 7599: 7255:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1263. 7066: 6391: 6389: 6387: 4567: 4537:: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion 2996:Wilhelm and his first wife, Augusta Victoria 2196: 2180: 2164: 1016: 677:, after his maternal uncles and his mother. 12575:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa 9528:, New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. 9076: 7769: 7767: 7185: 6359: 6270: 3875: 3456:series 13; first broadcast 17 November 2013 1513:he never could be fully accepted by them". 806:. After Kassel, he spent four terms at the 12590:Knights of Justice of the Order of St John 12540:Knights of the Order of the Norwegian Lion 12490:Recipients of the Hanseatic Cross (Lübeck) 12485:Recipients of the Hanseatic Cross (Bremen) 11731: 11717: 11537: 11523: 11437: 11423: 11206: 11192: 11040: 11026: 10467: 10453: 10015: 10001: 9801: 9322:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9269: 9116: 9100:The Kaiser's Merchant Ships in World War I 8414:Royal United Services Institution. Journal 7335: 6433: 6228: 6117: 6106: 6104: 5488:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 4720: 4315: 3431: 3323:Wilhelm II was on friendly terms with the 2453:, Wilhelm remarked that he planned to see 1088:more under this law than without it". The 933: 919: 534:that challenged Britain's dominion in the 53: 12340:Children of Frederick III, German Emperor 11700:Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 11622:Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia 11576:Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien 9632:Kaiser Wilhelm II: Germany's Last Emperor 9623:Röhl, John C. G; Sombart, Nicolaus, eds. 9551:Mombauer, Annika; Deist, Wilhelm (2003). 9380: 9343: 9190:The Kaiser's Personal Monarchy, 1888–1900 8998: 8962: 8909: 8457:Wilhelm II: Prince and Emperor, 1859–1900 7913:(1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16 7616: 7323: 7127: 7115: 7078: 7054: 7031: 6668: 6384: 6059: 5924: 5546:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 4820: 4490:Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus 3838: 3581: 3318: 2043: 2004:A 1904 British cartoon commenting on the 1366:Learn how and when to remove this message 12220:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia 9729: 9453: 9402: 9330: 8384: 7764: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7406: 7311: 6901: 6753: 6555: 6518: 6400:. German History in Documents and Images 6372:. German History in Documents and Images 6000:"Events with high posterior probability" 5272:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 4757: 4441: 4292: 4131: 3585: 3351: 3265: 3007: 2999: 2991: 2869: 2412: 2270: 2231: 2099: 2024:of 1905. He made a spectacular visit to 1999: 1930: 1766: 1653: 1524: 1483: 1467: 1329:This section includes a list of general 1222: 1020: 744: 608: 479:Born during the reign of his granduncle 11047: 10474: 9599:Germany in the Age of Kaiser Wilhelm II 9541:The Diplomacy of Imperialism, 1890–1902 9433: 9296: 9060:The Kaiser: Warlord of the Second Reich 8979: 8886:. American Heritage Publishing Company. 8765: 8652: 8620: 8553: 8347: 8068:. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 7650: 7648: 7577: 7565: 7457: 7233: 7139: 7090: 6957: 6945: 6777: 6741: 6152: 6101: 6083: 6071: 5426:Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 5368:Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 5027:Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter 4948: 4540: 4464: 3051:Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 2728:, the soldiers of the Great King sang: 2474: 1428:The Influence of Sea Power upon History 1167:, "traitors to the Empire") during the 794:As a teenager, Wilhelm was educated at 653:. Prince Wilhelm was the oldest of the 258: 1881; died 1921) 14: 12295:20th-century heads of state of Germany 12267: 12237: 12222: 12210: 12187: 12175: 12156: 12128: 11738: 11215:Heads of State of Germany (since 1871) 9412: 9287: 9097: 9057: 9036: 9015: 8948: 8927: 8912:The Last Kaiser: William the Impetuous 8890: 8857: 8796:The Routledge History of the Holocaust 8789: 8713: 8432: 8360: 8122:(in Norwegian), 1890, pp. 595–596 8065:Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia 7739:(1902), "Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 45 7538: 7469: 7394: 7299: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7209: 7197: 6921: 6765: 6729: 6705: 6503: 6423:(in German), Leipzig, pp. 209–212 6047: 5948: 5863: 5839: 5815: 5791: 5776: 5764: 5467: 5394:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 5347: 5343: 5333: 5304:Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia 5225: 5184:Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 5115: 5111: 3444:Queen Victoria and the Crippled Kaiser 2987: 2460:"The Merry Wives of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha" 2275:Wilhelm conversing with the victor of 2227: 1850:On 10 November, Wilhelm went to visit 1763:Political visits to the Ottoman Empire 1545:, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, kings 1396:Chlodwig von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst 768:). Wilhelm attended the ceremony in a 243:Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein 12585:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter 12570:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain 12385:German expatriates in the Netherlands 11712: 11518: 11418: 11187: 11021: 10448: 9996: 9573:Kaiser Wilhelm II and German Politics 9248: 9083:. New York: Oxford University Press. 9062:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 9043:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 9006: 8914:, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 8820: 8673: 8641: 8572: 8511: 8490: 8453: 7664: 7526: 7347: 6981: 6969: 6933: 6889: 6789: 6717: 6680: 6644: 6619: 6593: 6581: 6488: 6308: 6264: 6252: 6197: 6035: 6023: 5986: 5936: 5887: 5875: 5543: 5533: 5529: 5517: 5514:Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom 5511: 5501: 5485: 5475: 5471: 5455: 5449: 5439: 5423: 5413: 5409: 5397: 5391: 5381: 5365: 5355: 5351: 5327: 5317: 5301: 5291: 5287: 5275: 5269: 5259: 5243: 5233: 5229: 5213: 5207: 5197: 5181: 5171: 5167: 5155: 5149: 5139: 5123: 5119: 3360:, October 1917. Enver was one of the 3095:Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Oldenburg 1872: 1311: 971:Princess Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt 907:Victoria Louise, Duchess of Brunswick 468:in 1918, which marked the end of the 140:Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst 12410:German racehorse owners and breeders 12405:German politicians with disabilities 11566:Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow 9770:Newspaper clippings about Wilhelm II 9413:Taylor, Alan John Percivale (1967). 9305: 9227: 9206: 9187: 9178: 9156: 9137: 8744: 8702: 8648:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 8532: 8439:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 8411: 8290: 8274: 8258: 8082: 7869:Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste 7645: 7578:Wiseman, Andreas (8 February 2019). 7553: 7382: 7287: 7275: 7221: 7091:Hickley, Catherine (12 March 2021). 7019: 6656: 6543: 6240: 5899: 5851: 5827: 5803: 5752: 5740: 5728: 5711: 5699: 5687: 5675: 4251:Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen 4200:Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown 3753:Princely House Order of Hohenzollern 3701:Order of Merit of the Prussian Crown 3573:played Wilhelm II in the 2021 movie 3123:Princess Victoria Marina (1917–1981) 1946: 1589:. In 1889, Wilhelm's younger sister 1553:. Seated, from left to right: kings 1521:Relationships with foreign relatives 1315: 635:Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom 601:in 1940 before dying there in 1941. 528:contesting French control of Morocco 497:Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom 331:Viktoria Luise, Duchess of Brunswick 12445:People stripped of honorary degrees 11571:Crown Prince Charles John of Sweden 9965:German Emperor and King of Prussia 9736:"William II. of Hohenzollern" 9416:Bismarck, the Man and the Statesman 7677:"Königlich Preussische Ordensliste" 7446:Dudoignon, Hisao & Yasushi 2006 7239: 6418: 4846:Grand Cross of the Crown of Romania 4605:Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion 4417:Grand Cross of the Cross of Liberty 3828:Military Karl-Friedrich Merit Order 3528:played the Kaiser in the 2008 film 3116:Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen 2205:, followed shortly by Rear Admiral 1935:On 6 March 1901, during a visit to 1738:Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria 1595:Constantine, Crown Prince of Greece 1571:King George V of the United Kingdom 631:Prince Frederick William of Prussia 182:Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia 24: 12550:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz 12239: 12224: 12212: 12189: 12177: 12158: 12130: 11985:Prince Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht 9485: 8794:. In Friedman, Jonathan C. (ed.). 8462:University of North Carolina Press 6395: 4938:Order of the Royal House of Chakri 4899:Grand Cross of the Cross of Takovo 4837:Grand Cross of the Star of Romania 4737:Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword 3249:Prince Christian Oscar (1919–1981) 3229:Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick 2801:!" In a 1940 letter to his sister 2623: 2316: 1989: 1827:on 7 November. While visiting the 1815:, where he took the train passing 1649: 1335:it lacks sufficient corresponding 1078:Pictures of the Socialistic Future 680: 532:building a railway through Baghdad 38:Kaiser Wilhelm II (disambiguation) 25: 12611: 11612:Helmuth Graf von Moltke the Elder 9799:National Portrait Gallery, London 9676:Hohenzollern, William II (1922), 9662: 9270:Ruggenberg, Robert 'Rob' (1998), 9231:Kaiser Wilhelm II: A Concise Life 8775:. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. 8733:Hohenzollern, William II (1922), 8370:. New York City: Back Bay Books. 8141:"The Order of the Norwegian Lion" 7963:"Knights of the Order of Bravery" 7844:. Braunschweig 1897. Meyer. p. 10 7815:(1896), "Großherzogliches Haus", 7750:"Jerusalem-Erinnerungskreuz 1898" 6450:"Historical Events in March 1901" 6398:"Wilhelm II: "Hun Speech" (1900)" 4535:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 4307:Grand Cross of the Southern Cross 3651:Royal House Order of Hohenzollern 2944: 2884:Axis invasion of the Soviet Union 2663:Wilhelm was also appalled at the 2640:, despite being a veteran of the 2283:; in the background the generals 1378: 1290:Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia 990:Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary 671:constitution of the German Empire 566:which plunged all of Europe into 491:. Through his mother, he was the 12400:German people of English descent 12315:Anti-English sentiment in Europe 12256:Forfeit rights to the succession 12249: 12163: 12116: 12084: 11617:Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia 11493: 11099: 10341: 10323: 10305: 10287: 10269: 10240: 10222: 10204: 10186: 10168: 10150: 10121: 10103: 10085: 10067: 10042: 9407:(dissertation), Emory University 8573:Craig, Gordon Alexander (1978). 8228: 8204: 8178: 8150: 8134: 8110: 8096: 8076: 8031: 8006: 7955: 7930: 7927:(1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 28 7916: 7895: 7875: 7861: 7847: 7835: 7821: 7806: 7792: 7742: 7703: 7571: 7475: 7421: 7412: 7353: 7145: 5126:Frederick William III of Prussia 5071: 5012: 4972: 4950: 4928:Grand Cross of the Crown of Siam 4915: 4887: 4867: 4822: 4759: 4722: 4670: 4636: 4591: 4569: 4542: 4527: 4505: 4466: 4443: 4426: 4405: 4371: 4317: 4294: 4272: 4237: 4230: 4186: 4169: 4133: 4111: 4093:, with Golden Crown and Collar, 4077: 4056:Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown 4043: 4036:: War Service Cross, 1st Class, 4027: 3993: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3926: 3919: 3912: 3877: 3840: 3793: 3759: 3742: 3606: 3311:denomination, bringing together 3204:Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt 3170:Countess Ina Marie von Bassewitz 3076:Princess Alexandrine (1915–1980) 2853: 2841: 2826: 2814: 2686:Wilhelm on Hitler, December 1938 2602:, excavating at the site of the 2588: 2408: 2370:Helmuth von Moltke (the younger) 2355:Problems playing this file? See 2332: 2171:German Imperial Military Cabinet 1394:Caprivi in turn was replaced by 1320: 1072:, the author of the famous 1891 853: 675:succession to the British throne 427: 408: 12300:20th-century monarchs in Europe 10023:Final hereditary rulers of the 9911:15 June 1888 – 9 November 1918 9862:15 June 1888 – 9 November 1918 9745:. Vol. 32 (12th ed.). 9577:Journal of Contemporary History 8863:Pan-Islam: History and Politics 8240:(in Swedish), 1925, p. 935 8216:(in Swedish), 1909, p. 613 8192:(in Spanish). 1887. p. 146 7832:(1906), "Königliche Orden" p. 7 7084: 7037: 6987: 6895: 6850: 6817: 6783: 6686: 6625: 6599: 6549: 6524: 6469: 6456: 6442: 6427: 6412: 6345:; Klaussmann, A. Oscar (1903). 6335: 6191: 6158: 6133: 6114:(Wiley & Sons, 2007), p. 52 5992: 5967: 5954: 5905: 5611:at the time of Wilhelm's death. 4261:Military Order of Maria Theresa 4123:Grand Cross of the White Falcon 3649:Grand Commander's Cross of the 3516:Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria 3493:The Kaiser, the Beast of Berlin 3347: 3280:Princess Hermine Reuss of Greiz 3121:Princess Victoria Marina (1915) 2493:among the ranks of his beloved 1273:, Bismarck ultimately left the 701:and prescribing a mild dose of 481:Frederick William IV of Prussia 349:Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert 278: 255: 12350:Deaths from pulmonary embolism 9972:Reason for succession failure: 9716:"William II. of Germany" 9557:. Cambridge University Press. 9403:Sweetman, John 'Jack' (1973), 9255:. Cambridge University Press. 9213:. Cambridge University Press. 9192:. Cambridge University Press. 9142:. Cambridge University Press. 9077:Petropoulos, Jonathan (2006). 8982:Islam and the European Empires 8934:(1st ed.). Random House. 8895:, New York: GP Putnam's Sons, 8751:. Cambridge University Press. 8718:. London: The Ashfield Press. 8703:Hart, Albert Bushnell (1919). 5652:Family tree of German monarchs 5614: 5601: 4908:Grand Cross of the White Eagle 4783:Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky 3773:Grand Cross of Albert the Bear 3251:Prince Welf Henry (1923–1997) 3206:(Married 1916; Divorced 1919) 3147:(Married 1908; Divorced 1920) 3097:(Married 1906; Divorced 1926) 2712:, his valet, "What an idiot!" 2471:outbreak, though he survived. 2311:annihilation war against us". 2212: 1799:on 25 October. After visiting 1559:George V of the United Kingdom 1463: 740: 591:German Revolution of 1918–1919 493:eldest of the 42 grandchildren 80:15 June 1888 – 9 November 1918 13: 1: 12600:World War I political leaders 12335:Burials in Utrecht (province) 12305:19th-century kings of Prussia 11607:Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel 11561:Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher 11547:Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 9969:9 November 1918 – 4 June 1941 9183:. Cambridge University Press. 9037:Palmer, Alan Warwick (1976). 9001:Deutsche Geschichte 1866–1918 8539:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 7699:, 1886 – via HathiTrust 7366:. 8 June 1913. Archived from 6911:. 17 July 1917. p. 7119. 6892:, pp. 374, 377–378, 393. 6096:Langer & MacKendrick 1968 5977:, Crown Publishers. Page 391. 5663: 5647:German entry into World War I 5210:Frederick III, German Emperor 5037:Knight of Justice of St. John 4998:Commander Grand Cross of the 3892:Grand Cross of Henry the Lion 3409:, citing the example of what 3261: 3078:Princess Cecilie (1917–1975) 2544:. Upon the conclusion of the 2527:proclaimed Germany a republic 2219:German entry into World War I 1697:Wilhelm exploited fears of a 1439:Promoter of arts and sciences 948:First Regiment of Foot Guards 604: 374:Frederick III, German Emperor 151:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg 12251: 12165: 12118: 12086: 9985:Wilhelm, German Crown Prince 9704:Works by or about Wilhelm II 9601:(St. Martin's Press, 1996). 8980:Motadel, David, ed. (2014). 8395:10.1017/cbo9780511496790.014 8160:[Order of Carol I]. 7711:"Frauen-Verdienstkreuz 1892" 6622:, pp. 135–137, 143–145. 6607:"The Daily Telegraph Affair" 6434:Görtemaker, Manfred (1996), 6421:Die Reden Kaiser Wilhelms II 6130:(E. P. Dutton, 1964), p. 204 5046:Honorary Grand Cross of the 4659:Knight of the Norwegian Lion 4419:, with Swords and Diamonds, 4332:Grand Cross of St. Alexander 3865:Military Order of Max Joseph 3641:Knight of the Prussian Crown 3632:Grand Cross of the Red Eagle 3401:" who were slaughtering the 3294: 2915:for the Netherlands General 2892:Office of Naval Intelligence 2874:Wilhelm's tomb at Huis Doorn 2395: 2266: 2092:Anglo-German naval arms race 2086:Naval arms race with Britain 1449:Prussian Academy of Sciences 1123:and the Conservative Party. 999: 982:Tsar Alexander III of Russia 772:, complete with a small toy 301:Wilhelm, German Crown Prince 7: 12370:German conspiracy theorists 11581:Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg 11279:Federal Republic of Germany 10025:states of the German Empire 9774:20th Century Press Archives 9634:, Sutton Publishing, 1999. 9592:Canadian Journal of History 9434:Weinert, Christoph (2007), 9419:. New York: Vintage Books. 9388:. Oxford University Press. 9098:Putnam, William L. (2001). 8790:Kieser, Hans-Lukas (2010). 8688:10.1524/hzhz.1955.179.jg.21 8579:. Oxford University Press. 8147:. Retrieved 10 August 2018. 8050:Hawaiian Journal of History 6792:"Kaiser Makes a War Speech" 6309:Sinno, Abdel-Raouf (1998). 5631: 5092: 4963:Knight of the Golden Fleece 4684:Order of the House of Osman 4437:Grand Cross of the Redeemer 4158:Military Order of St. Henry 3818:Order of Berthold the First 3518:in the acclaimed 2006 film 3422:November Revolution of 1918 3289: 3177:Prince Burchard (1917–1988) 2973:Hermann Speck von Sternburg 2549:but opposed Prime Minister 1723:Herero and Namaqua genocide 1084:outright and said: "I fear 992:. In 1886, also, thanks to 829:military culture of Prussia 720:tearing the brachial plexus 34:Wilhelm II (disambiguation) 10: 12616: 12310:19th-century German people 12114:Prince Alexander Ferdinand 12056:Prince Friedrich Sigismund 10969:North German Confederation 10885:Confederation of the Rhine 9682:, London: Cassell & Co 9288:Sainty, Guy Stair (1991), 9249:Röhl, John C. G. (2014b). 9007:Evans, Richard J. (1997), 8999:Nipperdey, Thomas (1992). 8928:Massie, Robert K. (1991). 8714:Herwig, Holger H. (1980). 8313:Diplomacy & Statecraft 8303: 6343:von Schierbrand, Wolf Curt 5620:The English-language form 5461: 5345: 5330:Wilhelm II, German Emperor 5219: 5113: 4555:Order of the Chrysanthemum 4481:Knight of the Annunciation 3940:Saxe-Ernestine House Order 3417:just a few years earlier. 3151:Prince Alexander Ferdinand 2860:Huis Doorn in October 2004 2821:Wilhelm in Amerongen, 1919 2794:Anglo-American Freemasonry 2693:German victory over Poland 2611:during his stay at Doorn. 2604:Temple of Artemis in Corfu 2478: 2294: 2251:Austro-Hungarian ultimatum 2216: 2089: 2050: 1993: 1950: 1876: 1807:, the Kaiser went back to 1679:from being annexed by the 1633:funeral of King Edward VII 1508:states that Wilhelm had a 1152:Catholic Church in Germany 669:, which, according to the 621:on 27 January 1859—at the 599:occupation by Nazi Germany 558:. In 1914, his diplomatic 476:300-year rule of Prussia. 31: 18:Wilhelm II, German Emperor 12465:University of Bonn alumni 12235: 12200: 12146: 12074: 12003: 11952: 11916: 11870: 11839: 11808: 11800:Prince Augustus Ferdinand 11777: 11761: 11746: 11697: 11681: 11668:Prince Leopold of Bavaria 11645: 11589: 11553: 11502: 11491: 11461: 11402: 11352: 11277: 11221: 11167: 11108: 11097: 11055: 10986: 10967: 10948: 10926: 10902: 10883: 10572: 10531: 10482: 10361: 10260: 10141: 10058: 10031: 9981: 9956: 9945: 9938: 9930:Prime Minister of Prussia 9913: 9904: 9881: 9876: 9864: 9851: 9843: 9838: 9811: 9358:10.1017/S0018246X00003794 9228:Röhl, John C. G. (2014). 9188:Röhl, John C. G. (2004). 9179:Röhl, John C. G. (1998). 9138:Röhl, John C. G. (1994). 8910:Macdonogh, Giles (2001), 8835:10.1007/s11024-004-2111-x 8804:10.4324/9780203837443.ch3 8642:Gauss, Christian (1915). 8512:Clark, Robert M. (2003). 8426:10.1080/03071846609420355 8348:Balfour, Michael (1964), 8325:10.1080/09592290008406157 8163:Familia Regală a României 8145:The Royal House of Norway 7887:. Schulze. 1879. p. 7613:(1886–87), Genealogy p. 2 7251:Röhl, John C. G. (2014). 7008:Ashton & Hellema 2000 6143:(Constable, 1960), p. 174 5642:destroyed by fire in 1904 5531: 5523: 5495: 5473: 5469: 5433: 5411: 5403: 5375: 5353: 5349: 5311: 5289: 5281: 5253: 5231: 5227: 5191: 5169: 5161: 5152:William I, German Emperor 5133: 5117: 4879:Grand Cross of San Marino 4792:Knight of the White Eagle 4516:Grand Cross of St. Joseph 4512:Tuscan Grand Ducal Family 4016:Knight of the Golden Lion 3751:: Cross of Honour of the 3619:Knight of the Black Eagle 3331:". Following his trip to 2929:, along with a few other 2614: 2565:Wilhelm first settled in 1583:Victoria Eugenie of Spain 1050:German Conservative Party 1017:The dismissal of Bismarck 556:fall of the German Empire 483:, Wilhelm was the son of 416: 404: 389: 379: 369: 357: 348: 343: 339: 291: 233: 221: 200: 178: 174: 112: 95: 85: 75: 64: 52: 47: 12460:Spanish captain generals 12345:Crown princes of Prussia 12066:Prince Friedrich Leopold 12061:Prince Frederick Charles 11995:Prince Friedrich Wilhelm 11980:Prince Friedrich Leopold 11267:Führer and Reichskanzler 10937:Archduke John of Austria 9783:The 1922 book review of 9614:Naval War College Review 9454:Willmott, H. P. (2003). 9290:The Orders of Saint John 8798:. Taylor & Francis. 8745:Hull, Isabel V. (2004). 8653:Gilbert, Martin (1994). 8433:Carter, Miranda (2010). 8350:The Kaiser and his Times 8248:– via runeberg.org 8224:– via runeberg.org 8166:(in Romanian). Bucharest 8130:– via runeberg.org 8013:Tom C. Bergroth (1997). 7908:6 September 2020 at the 7681:Preussische Ordens-Liste 6165:Mustafa Sıtkı Bi̇lgi̇n. 6139:Battiscombe, Georgiana, 5973:C.L. Sulzberger (1977), 5960:Modris Eksteins (1989), 5594: 5452:Victoria, Princess Royal 4810:Knight of St. Stanislaus 4582:Order of Prince Danilo I 3315:and Lutheran believers. 3218:Princess Victoria Louise 3175:Prince Oskar (1915–1939) 2865: 2730:Now thank we all our God 2722:Kaiser Wilhelm the Great 2658:Night of the Long Knives 2481:Abdication of Wilhelm II 2176:Gustav von Senden-Bibran 1563:Frederik VIII of Denmark 819:As a scion of the royal 627:Victoria, Princess Royal 586:in the autumn of 1918. 516:Northern Mariana Islands 489:Victoria, Princess Royal 485:Prince Frederick William 384:Victoria, Princess Royal 12330:Antisemitism in Germany 11790:Prince Augustus William 11407:indicates acting holder 11344:Frank-Walter Steinmeier 9908:Prussian head of state 9742:Encyclopædia Britannica 9722:Encyclopædia Britannica 9579:1990 25(2–3): 289–316. 9297:Schwabe, Klaus (1985), 9016:Pakula, Hannah (1997). 9011:, Routledge, p. 39 8964:10.1111/1468-229X.00202 8676:Historische Zeitschrift 8621:Fromkin, David (2008). 8518:. Robert M. Clark, Jr. 8044:19 October 2019 at the 7944:, 1918, pp. 52, 54 7752:. Ehrenzeichen-orden.de 7713:. Ehrenzeichen-orden.de 6568:Encyclopædia Britannica 6128:King Edward the Seventh 5609:under German occupation 5101:Ancestors of Wilhelm II 4695:, 1st Class in Diamonds 4650:Grand Cross of St. Olav 4496:Military Order of Savoy 4148:Knight of the Rue Crown 3982:Free Hanseatic Cities: 3808:House Order of Fidelity 3567:("The Emperor's Fall"). 3432:Documentaries and films 3356:Kaiser Wilhelm II with 2183:Oberkommando der Marine 1953:Harden–Eulenburg affair 1573:, as well as of queens 1539:Ferdinand I of Bulgaria 1529:The Nine Sovereigns at 1350:more precise citations. 1245:In contrast, historian 1190:Charles Stewart Parnell 1132:constitutional monarchy 1082:Social Democratic Party 613:Wilhelm in 1867, aged 8 12430:Monarchs who abdicated 12365:German anti-communists 12208:Prince Georg Friedrich 12094:Prince Louis Ferdinand 12016:Prince Eitel Friedrich 11826:Prince Louis Ferdinand 11627:August Graf von Werder 11602:August Karl von Goeben 11597:Albert, King of Saxony 11314:Richard von Weizsäcker 11171:Elector of Brandenburg 10418:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 9571:Mommsen, Wolfgang J. " 9517:34.4 (2016): 529–554, 9492:Clark, Christopher M. 9476:London Daily Telegraph 9460:. Dorling Kindersley. 9312:. Vol. I. London. 9309:The Knights of England 9022:. Simon and Schuster. 8533:Clay, Catrine (2006). 8237:Sveriges statskalender 8190:Guía Oficial de España 7153:"The Kaiser on Hitler" 6635:(1980) 21#2 pp 207–220 5082:Order of the Liberator 4986:Knight of the Seraphim 4751:Sash of the Two Orders 4615:Military William Order 4553:: Grand Cordon of the 4385:Knight of the Elephant 4282:: Grand Cordon of the 4100:Friedrich August Cross 3949:Cross for Merit in War 3595: 3582:Orders and decorations 3403:Baltic German nobility 3387: 3369: 3341: 3319:Attitude towards Islam 3274: 3235:Prince Ernest Augustus 3084:Prince Eitel Friedrich 3062:Prince Louis Ferdinand 3013: 3005: 2997: 2917:Friedrich Christiansen 2875: 2689: 2560: 2532:Wilhelm accepted this 2425: 2321: 2308: 2292: 2260: 2238: 2207:Friedrich von Hollmann 2197: 2181: 2165: 2109: 2053:Daily Telegraph Affair 2017: 1976: 1925: 1911: 1856:Berlin–Baghdad railway 1848: 1779:In his first visit to 1776: 1742:Countess Sophie Chotek 1711:German colonial empire 1663: 1566: 1510:love–hate relationship 1502: 1489: 1481: 1445:Kaiser Wilhelm Society 1242: 1210:German colonial empire 1164: 1080:, opposed banning the 1054:National Liberal Party 1029: 882:Prince Eitel Friedrich 753: 731:hypoxic state at birth 614: 524:massive naval build-up 508:German colonial empire 474:Hohenzollern dynasty's 306:Prince Eitel Friedrich 267:Hermine Reuss of Greiz 12420:House of Hohenzollern 12290:19th-century monarchs 12109:Prince Wilhelm Viktor 12026:Prince August Wilhelm 11990:Prince Joachim Albert 11929:Prince Friedrich Karl 11847:Frederick William III 11506:House of Hohenzollern 11139:Frederick William III 10334:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 9959:— TITULAR — 9818:House of Hohenzollern 9765:European Film Gateway 9679:My Memoirs: 1878–1918 9630:Van der Kiste, John. 9627:(Cambridge UP, 1982). 9306:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906). 9131:10.1093/gerhis/ghn046 9058:Palmer, Alan (1978). 8891:Ludwig, Emil (1927), 8736:My Memoirs: 1878–1918 8602:. Routledge. p. 8491:Cecil, Lamar (2000). 8454:Cecil, Lamar (1989), 6996:Riverside Daily Press 6479:, 8 March 1901, p. 2. 6477:Chicago Daily Tribune 6466:, 7 March 1901, p. 1. 6464:Chicago Daily Tribune 6038:, pp. 38–40, 44. 5059:Royal Victorian Chain 5048:Royal Victorian Order 4625:House Order of Orange 4580:: Grand Cross of the 4456:Order of Kamehameha I 4454:: Grand Cross of the 3589: 3382: 3372:Wilhelm's biographer 3355: 3337: 3269: 3240:Prince George William 3134:Prince August Wilhelm 3126:Prince Wilhelm Victor 3011: 3003: 2995: 2984:Britain before 1914. 2912:Wehrmachtbefehlshaber 2873: 2769:. He argued that the 2678: 2634:House of Hohenzollern 2555: 2416: 2320: 2303: 2274: 2255: 2235: 2217:Further information: 2103: 2003: 1996:First Moroccan Crisis 1971: 1931:Assassination attempt 1915: 1901: 1897:German Foreign Office 1889:Eight-Nation Alliance 1833: 1787:as a guest of Sultan 1770: 1660:Nicholas II of Russia 1657: 1555:Alfonso XIII of Spain 1543:Manuel II of Portugal 1528: 1498: 1487: 1472:Wilhelm talking with 1471: 1226: 1218:Third French Republic 1178:Ludwig von Windthorst 1128:parliamentary systems 1121:Catholic Centre Party 1024: 892:Prince August Wilhelm 847:House of Hohenzollern 821:house of Hohenzollern 789:Georg Ernst Hinzpeter 748: 623:Crown Prince's Palace 612: 579:military dictatorship 316:Prince August Wilhelm 12185:Prince Franz Wilhelm 12011:Crown Prince Wilhelm 11878:Frederick William IV 11816:Frederick William II 11673:August von Mackensen 11637:Frederick Francis II 11472:Crown Prince Wilhelm 11394:Sabine Bergmann-Pohl 11144:Frederick William IV 11134:Frederick William II 10950:German Confederation 10904:German Confederation 10251:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 10215:Mecklenburg-Strelitz 10197:Mecklenburg-Schwerin 10110:Friedrich August III 9925:President of Germany 9906:German head of state 9616:(1973) 26#1: 28–41, 9337:New American Library 8739:, Harper & bros. 8478:on 14 September 2011 8367:The Second World War 8119:Norges Statskalender 7779:the Prussian Machine 7372:on 18 November 2018. 7105:on 28 December 2021. 6287:on 27 September 2007 5607:The Netherlands was 4774:Knight of St. Andrew 4699:Order of Distinction 4351:Military Merit Order 4210:Military Merit Order 4119:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 4062:Military Merit Cross 3855:Knight of St. Hubert 3040:Crown Prince Wilhelm 2977:Chancellor von Bülow 2927:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 2925:for the Netherlands 2888:August von Mackensen 2759:classical liberalism 2642:Imperial German Army 2546:Treaty of Versailles 2475:Abdication and exile 2443:Erich von Falkenhayn 2328:An das deutsche Volk 2169:) equivalent to the 2038:Algeciras Conference 2030:Abdelaziz of Morocco 1980:Anglo-French Entente 1963:Philipp zu Eulenberg 1829:Mausoleum of Saladin 1535:Haakon VII of Norway 1117:coalition government 1046:coalition government 994:Herbert von Bismarck 877:Crown Prince Wilhelm 825:Prussian aristocracy 695:Eduard Arnold Martin 639:Frederick William IV 617:Wilhelm was born in 572:Supreme Army Command 166:Maximilian von Baden 32:For other uses, see 12395:German nationalists 12246:Weimar Constitution 12126:Prince Wilhelm-Karl 11769:Frederick William I 11658:Paul von Hindenburg 11259:Paul von Hindenburg 11124:Frederick William I 11049:Monarchs of Prussia 10489:Carolingian dynasty 10476:Monarchs of Germany 10433:Waldeck and Pyrmont 10229:Friedrich August II 9695:Works by Wilhelm II 9594:36 (December 2001). 9539:Langer, William L. 9508:Historical Journal, 9448:on 10 February 2013 9382:Steinberg, Jonathan 9339:. pp. 325–326. 8497:. UNC Press Books. 8213:Svensk rikskalender 7513:The Literary Digest 7460:, pp. 244–245. 7409:, pp. 281–293. 7397:, pp. 478–502. 7314:, pp. 654–655. 7118:, pp. 452–452. 6744:, pp. 350–351. 6683:, pp. 152–173. 6647:, pp. 138–141. 6596:, pp. 662–695. 6521:, pp. 325–326. 6506:, pp. 673–679. 6491:, pp. 133–134. 6419:Prenzle, Johannes, 6323:on 23 November 2020 6231:, pp. 469–485. 6026:, pp. 359–377. 5951:, pp. 238–239. 5939:, pp. 147–170. 5927:, pp. 445–447. 5890:, pp. 124–146. 5878:, pp. 110–123. 4749:Grand Cross of the 4712:War Service Medal, 4623:Grand Cross of the 4613:Grand Cross of the 4494:Grand Cross of the 4349:Grand Cross of the 4259:Grand Cross of the 4249:Grand Cross of the 4208:Grand Cross of the 4156:Grand Cross of the 4058:, with Crown in Ore 4005:Grand Cross of the 3938:Grand Cross of the 3863:Grand Cross of the 3826:Grand Cross of the 3733:; with Oak Leaves, 3547:Christopher Plummer 3522:(The Crown Prince). 3185:Prince Wilhelm-Karl 3180:Princess Herzeleide 2988:Marriages and issue 2788:He also believed a 2691:In the wake of the 2654:Kurt von Schleicher 2523:Philipp Scheidemann 2511:Prince Max of Baden 2435:Paul von Hindenburg 2228:The Sarajevo crisis 2203:Karl Eduard Heusner 2060:The Daily Telegraph 1845:Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1734:morganatic marriage 1675:for preventing the 1587:Alexandra of Russia 1551:Albert I of Belgium 1458:Order of Saint John 1423:Alfred Thayer Mahan 1280:In interviews with 1102:German Constitution 813:Corps Borussia Bonn 804:Order of the Garter 800:Friedrichsgymnasium 12435:People from Berlin 12355:Dethroned monarchs 11740:Princes of Prussia 11545:Recipients of the 11110:Kingdom of Prussia 10574:Kingdom of Germany 10538:Kingdom of Germany 10211:Adolf Friedrich VI 10193:Friedrich Franz IV 9940:Titles in pretence 9877:Political offices 9870:Monarchy abolished 9710:, mostly in German 9597:Retallack, James. 9346:Historical Journal 8576:Germany, 1866-1945 8554:Collier R (1974). 8352:, Houghton Mifflin 7633:on 15 October 2007 7585:Deadline Hollywood 7433:British Pathe News 7364:The New York Times 7164:. 15 December 1938 7097:The New York Times 6908:The London Gazette 6864:. 19 August 1914. 6862:The New York Times 6829:The New York Times 6796:The New York Times 6584:, pp. 91–102. 6530:Robert K. Massie, 6396:Dunlap, Thorsten. 5975:The Fall of Eagles 5065:(expelled in 1915) 5054:(expelled in 1915) 5043:(expelled in 1915) 5033:(expelled in 1915) 4801:Knight of St. Anna 4000:Hesse and by Rhine 3661:Ladies Merit Cross 3596: 3481:Edward the Seventh 3370: 3284:Princess Henriette 3275: 3272:Princess Henriette 3245:Princess Frederica 3222:13 September 1892 3112:22 September 1948 3014: 3006: 2998: 2969:Theodore Roosevelt 2956:The New York Times 2901:, Colonel General 2880:pulmonary embolism 2878:Wilhelm died of a 2876: 2551:David Lloyd George 2495:Kaiserliche Marine 2426: 2322: 2293: 2239: 2127:Alfred von Tirpitz 2110: 2096:Alfred von Tirpitz 2070:mad as March hares 2018: 1873:Hun speech of 1900 1777: 1757:Kingdom of Hanover 1703:Russo-Japanese War 1677:Transvaal Republic 1664: 1624:Schleswig-Holstein 1567: 1547:George I of Greece 1496:concludes he was: 1490: 1482: 1480:in Hamburg in 1909 1478:Tierpark Hagenbeck 1419:United States Navy 1400:Bernhard von Bülow 1312:Wilhelm in control 1286:The Fall of Eagles 1265:in the 1870s, and 1259:Classical Liberals 1243: 1229:Dropping the Pilot 1030: 986:Tsarevich Nicholas 808:University of Bonn 754: 663:line of succession 615: 542:and the declining 423:Wilhelm II's voice 161:Georg von Hertling 146:Bernhard von Bülow 101:Monarchy abolished 59:Wilhelm II in 1902 12440:People from Doorn 12262: 12261: 12138:Prince Karl Franz 11706: 11705: 11653:Kaiser Wilhelm II 11512: 11511: 11480:(1951–1994) 11474:(1941–1951) 11468:(1918–1941) 11412: 11411: 11181: 11180: 11086:Frederick William 11015: 11014: 10941: 10940:(Imperial Regent) 10579:Holy Roman Empire 10508:Louis the Younger 10442: 10441: 9991: 9990: 9982:Succeeded by 9977:German Revolution 9961: 9952:Republic declared 9934: 9914:Succeeded by 9902: 9699:Project Gutenberg 9653:comparing him to 9645:Waite, Robert GL 9640:978-0-7509-1941-8 9607:978-0-333-59242-7 9564:978-1-139-44060-8 9534:978-0-19-506172-7 9524:Kohut, Thomas A. 9499:Domeier, Norman. 9494:Kaiser Wilhelm II 9467:978-1-4053-0029-2 9426:978-0-394-70387-9 9335:. New York City: 9262:978-1-107-72896-7 9220:978-0-521-01990-3 9199:978-0-521-81920-6 9149:978-0-521-40223-1 9090:978-0-19-533927-7 9050:978-0-684-14683-6 9029:978-0-684-84216-5 9019:An Uncommon Woman 8921:978-1-84212-478-9 8902:978-0-404-04067-3 8813:978-1-136-87060-6 8758:978-0-521-53321-8 8634:978-1-4406-6229-4 8586:978-0-19-822113-5 8565:978-0-689-10592-0 8546:978-0-8027-1883-9 8525:978-0-9726989-0-0 8504:978-0-8078-6074-8 8471:978-0-8078-1828-2 8446:978-0-307-59302-3 8158:"Ordinul Carol I" 7656:Almanach de Gotha 7350:, pp. 21–44. 7200:, pp. 92–93. 7067:Hohenzollern 1922 7010:, pp. 53–78. 6831:. 3 August 1914. 6708:, pp. 21–23. 6696:(2016) pp. 21–40. 6633:Midwest Quarterly 5755:, pp. 17–18. 5743:, pp. 15–16. 5591: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5057:Recipient of the 4693:Order of Osmanieh 4559:24 September 1886 4485:24 September 1873 4179:: Service Cross, 3984:Hanseatic Crosses 3933:Ernestine duchies 3476:Christopher Neame 3415:Ottoman Armenians 3395:Russian Civil War 3380:Cecil concludes: 3366:Armenian genocide 3362:main perpetrators 3309:United Protestant 3255: 3254: 3225:11 December 1980 3210:Prince Karl Franz 3197:17 December 1890 2965:absolute monarchy 2931:military advisers 2803:Princess Margaret 2790:conspiracy theory 2761:and therefore of 2747:Winston Churchill 2608:Empress Elisabeth 2499:German Revolution 2342: 2289:Moriz von Lyncker 2189:Max von der Goltz 2012:walking off with 1959:Maximilian Harden 1947:Eulenberg Scandal 1749:Duke of Brunswick 1727:Lothar von Trotha 1715:South West Africa 1376: 1375: 1368: 1302:Japanese emperors 1214:military alliance 1182:Irish nationalist 1026:Otto von Bismarck 959:Otto von Bismarck 943: 942: 504:Otto von Bismarck 451: 450: 437: 353: 352: 228:Huis Doorn, Doorn 196:, Berlin, Prussia 194:Kronprinzenpalais 129:Otto von Bismarck 16:(Redirected from 12607: 12455:Sons of emperors 12425:Kings of Prussia 12390:German Lutherans 12255: 12243: 12228: 12216: 12193: 12181: 12169: 12162: 12134: 12122: 12104:Prince Frederick 12090: 12046:Prince Sigismund 11970:Prince Sigismund 11939:Prince Alexander 11898:Prince Frederick 11733: 11726: 11719: 11710: 11709: 11682:1939 Grand Cross 11663:Erich Ludendorff 11646:1914 Grand Cross 11632:Kaiser Wilhelm I 11590:1870 Grand Cross 11554:1813 Grand Cross 11539: 11532: 11525: 11516: 11515: 11497: 11439: 11432: 11425: 11416: 11415: 11299:Gustav Heinemann 11208: 11201: 11194: 11185: 11184: 11103: 11071:Albert Frederick 11057:Duchy of Prussia 11042: 11035: 11028: 11019: 11018: 10939: 10498:Louis the German 10469: 10462: 10455: 10446: 10445: 10435: 10424: 10409: 10407:Schaumburg-Lippe 10398: 10387: 10376: 10354: 10346: 10345: 10336: 10328: 10327: 10318: 10310: 10309: 10300: 10292: 10291: 10282: 10274: 10273: 10253: 10245: 10244: 10235: 10227: 10226: 10217: 10209: 10208: 10199: 10191: 10190: 10181: 10173: 10172: 10163: 10155: 10154: 10134: 10126: 10125: 10116: 10108: 10107: 10098: 10090: 10089: 10080: 10072: 10071: 10051: 10047: 10046: 10017: 10010: 10003: 9994: 9993: 9979: 9973: 9957: 9920: 9888: 9882:Preceded by 9844:Preceded by 9834: 9827: 9809: 9808: 9805: 9752: 9746: 9738: 9731:Saunders, George 9726: 9718: 9708:Internet Archive 9683: 9568: 9471: 9449: 9430: 9408: 9399: 9386:Bismarck: A Life 9377: 9340: 9327: 9321: 9313: 9301: 9293: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9266: 9245: 9224: 9203: 9184: 9175: 9158:Röhl, John C. G. 9153: 9134: 9113: 9094: 9073: 9054: 9033: 9012: 9005:, translated in 9004: 8995: 8975: 8966: 8957:(284): 478–502, 8945: 8924: 8905: 8887: 8876: 8859:Landau, Jacob M. 8853: 8817: 8786: 8762: 8740: 8729: 8710: 8699: 8670: 8649: 8638: 8617: 8601: 8590: 8569: 8550: 8529: 8508: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8474:, archived from 8450: 8429: 8420:(644): 291–297. 8408: 8381: 8353: 8343: 8298: 8288: 8282: 8272: 8266: 8256: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8232: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8221: 8208: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8182: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8154: 8148: 8138: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8114: 8108: 8100: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8080: 8074: 8073: 8059: 8053: 8052:, vol. 5, p. 104 8035: 8029: 8028: 8010: 8004: 8003: 7997: 7995: 7989: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7959: 7953: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7934: 7928: 7920: 7914: 7899: 7893: 7892: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7865: 7859: 7851: 7845: 7839: 7833: 7825: 7819: 7810: 7804: 7796: 7790: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7771: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7746: 7740: 7732: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7707: 7701: 7700: 7673: 7662: 7654:Justus Perthes, 7652: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7629:. Archived from 7623: 7614: 7606: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7575: 7569: 7563: 7557: 7551: 7542: 7536: 7530: 7524: 7518: 7517: 7507: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7491:. 31 August 2017 7479: 7473: 7467: 7461: 7455: 7449: 7443: 7437: 7436: 7425: 7419: 7416: 7410: 7404: 7398: 7392: 7386: 7380: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7357: 7351: 7345: 7339: 7333: 7327: 7321: 7315: 7309: 7303: 7297: 7291: 7285: 7279: 7273: 7267: 7266: 7248: 7237: 7231: 7225: 7219: 7213: 7207: 7201: 7195: 7189: 7186:Petropoulos 2006 7183: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7169: 7157: 7149: 7143: 7137: 7131: 7125: 7119: 7113: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7099:. Archived from 7088: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7064: 7058: 7052: 7046: 7041: 7035: 7029: 7023: 7017: 7011: 7005: 6999: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6973: 6967: 6961: 6955: 6949: 6943: 6937: 6931: 6925: 6924:, p. xxiii. 6919: 6913: 6912: 6899: 6893: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6854: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6821: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6787: 6781: 6775: 6769: 6763: 6757: 6751: 6745: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6721: 6715: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6690: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6660: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6636: 6629: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6610: 6603: 6597: 6591: 6585: 6579: 6573: 6572: 6564: 6553: 6547: 6541: 6535: 6528: 6522: 6516: 6507: 6501: 6492: 6486: 6480: 6473: 6467: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6431: 6425: 6424: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6393: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6366: 6357: 6356: 6339: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6322: 6316:. Archived from 6315: 6306: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6283:. Archived from 6277: 6268: 6262: 6256: 6250: 6244: 6238: 6232: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6210:on 18 March 2017 6206:. Archived from 6195: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6178: 6172:. Archived from 6171: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6137: 6131: 6126:Magnus, Philip, 6124: 6115: 6108: 6099: 6093: 6087: 6081: 6075: 6069: 6063: 6057: 6051: 6045: 6039: 6033: 6027: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5971: 5965: 5958: 5952: 5946: 5940: 5934: 5928: 5922: 5916: 5909: 5903: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5780: 5774: 5768: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5715: 5714:, pp. 9–10. 5709: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5625: 5618: 5612: 5605: 5107: 5106: 5098: 5097: 5080:: Collar of the 5076: 5075: 5074: 5052:21 November 1899 5022: 5018: 5016: 5015: 4978: 4976: 4975: 4960: 4956: 4954: 4953: 4920: 4919: 4891: 4873: 4871: 4870: 4856:Order of Carol I 4832: 4828: 4826: 4825: 4769: 4765: 4763: 4762: 4732: 4728: 4726: 4725: 4688:30 November 1898 4676: 4674: 4673: 4642: 4640: 4639: 4619:8 September 1889 4597: 4595: 4594: 4579: 4575: 4573: 4572: 4563:10 December 1894 4552: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4510: 4509: 4500:8 September 1889 4476: 4472: 4470: 4469: 4453: 4449: 4447: 4446: 4431: 4430: 4411: 4409: 4408: 4398:18 February 1906 4389:28 November 1879 4377: 4375: 4374: 4360:Order of Bravery 4327: 4323: 4321: 4320: 4304: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4284:Order of Leopold 4278: 4276: 4275: 4242: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4214:11 November 1914 4192: 4190: 4189: 4177:Schaumburg-Lippe 4175: 4173: 4172: 4143: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4117: 4115: 4114: 4095:18 February 1878 4083: 4081: 4080: 4048: 4047: 4046: 4032: 4031: 4030: 3998: 3997: 3981: 3980: 3974: 3969: 3968: 3931: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3887: 3883: 3881: 3880: 3850: 3846: 3844: 3843: 3799: 3797: 3796: 3765: 3763: 3762: 3747: 3746: 3745: 3731:16 February 1915 3722:11 December 1916 3611: 3610: 3609: 3520:Kronprinz Rudolf 3512:Robert Stadlober 3166:27 January 1958 3138:29 January 1887 3091:8 December 1942 3072:Prince Frederick 3019: 3018: 2857: 2845: 2830: 2818: 2771:English nobility 2734:Entente Cordiale 2702:Second World War 2687: 2600:Corfu Achilleion 2596:Tsar Nicholas II 2517:, leader of the 2439:Erich Ludendorff 2344: 2343: 2319: 2285:Hans von Plessen 2200: 2186: 2168: 2104:1909 cartoon in 2006:Entente cordiale 1967:Robert K. Massie 1846: 1753:House of Hanover 1575:Marie of Romania 1494:Thomas Nipperdey 1433:Bethmann Hollweg 1371: 1364: 1360: 1357: 1351: 1346:this section by 1337:inline citations 1324: 1323: 1316: 1257:, had demonized 1186:Daniel O'Connell 1159: 1086:Social Democracy 935: 928: 921: 857: 841:Prussian Royalty 838: 837: 770:Highland costume 693:; gynaecologist 655:42 grandchildren 520:Caroline Islands 464:from 1888 until 439: 438: 412: 341: 340: 282: 280: 259: 257: 207: 190: 188: 142: 81: 57: 45: 44: 21: 12615: 12614: 12610: 12609: 12608: 12606: 12605: 12604: 12375:German emperors 12265: 12264: 12263: 12258: 12257: 12248: 12231: 12201:11th generation 12196: 12147:10th generation 12142: 12099:Prince Hubertus 12070: 12041:Prince Waldemar 12021:Prince Adalbert 11999: 11975:Prince Waldemar 11948: 11912: 11908:Prince Waldemar 11903:Prince Adalbert 11866: 11835: 11831:Prince Augustus 11804: 11773: 11757: 11754:King in Prussia 11742: 11737: 11707: 11702: 11693: 11677: 11641: 11585: 11549: 11543: 11513: 11508: 11498: 11489: 11484:Georg Friedrich 11478:Louis Ferdinand 11457: 11447:German imperial 11443: 11413: 11408: 11398: 11389:Manfred Gerlach 11369:Walter Ulbricht 11356: 11348: 11334:Christian Wulff 11281: 11273: 11255:Friedrich Ebert 11247: 11225: 11217: 11212: 11182: 11177: 11163: 11104: 11095: 11051: 11046: 11016: 11011: 10982: 10963: 10944: 10922: 10898: 10879: 10746:Frederick (III) 10577: 10568: 10536: 10527: 10523:Louis the Child 10513:Charles the Fat 10487: 10478: 10473: 10443: 10438: 10427: 10412: 10401: 10390: 10379: 10368: 10357: 10340: 10339: 10322: 10321: 10304: 10303: 10286: 10285: 10268: 10267: 10256: 10239: 10238: 10221: 10220: 10203: 10202: 10185: 10184: 10167: 10166: 10149: 10148: 10137: 10120: 10119: 10102: 10101: 10084: 10083: 10066: 10065: 10054: 10041: 10040: 10027: 10021: 9987: 9975: 9974: 9971: 9970: 9968: 9962: 9954: 9949: 9927: 9919: 9917:Friedrich Ebert 9910: 9907: 9898:King of Prussia 9895: 9887: 9872: 9861: 9858:King of Prussia 9856: 9849: 9828: 9826:27 January 1859 9822: 9821: 9814: 9750: 9713: 9684:, Google Books. 9675: 9665: 9660: 9565: 9488: 9486:Further reading 9483: 9468: 9457:First World War 9427: 9396: 9315: 9314: 9279: 9277: 9263: 9242: 9221: 9200: 9172: 9150: 9110: 9091: 9070: 9051: 9030: 8992: 8942: 8922: 8903: 8873: 8814: 8783: 8767:Jastrow, Morris 8759: 8726: 8667: 8656:First World War 8635: 8614: 8587: 8566: 8547: 8526: 8505: 8481: 8479: 8472: 8460:, Chapel Hill: 8447: 8405: 8378: 8306: 8301: 8289: 8285: 8273: 8269: 8257: 8253: 8243: 8241: 8234: 8233: 8229: 8219: 8217: 8210: 8209: 8205: 8195: 8193: 8184: 8183: 8179: 8169: 8167: 8156: 8155: 8151: 8139: 8135: 8125: 8123: 8116: 8115: 8111: 8101: 8097: 8089: 8081: 8077: 8060: 8056: 8046:Wayback Machine 8036: 8032: 8025: 8011: 8007: 7993: 7991: 7987: 7974: 7970: 7965:(in Bulgarian). 7961: 7960: 7956: 7947: 7945: 7936: 7935: 7931: 7921: 7917: 7910:Wayback Machine 7900: 7896: 7881: 7880: 7876: 7867: 7866: 7862: 7852: 7848: 7840: 7836: 7826: 7822: 7811: 7807: 7797: 7793: 7783: 7781: 7773: 7772: 7765: 7755: 7753: 7748: 7747: 7743: 7733: 7726: 7716: 7714: 7709: 7708: 7704: 7675: 7674: 7665: 7653: 7646: 7636: 7634: 7625: 7624: 7617: 7607: 7600: 7590: 7588: 7576: 7572: 7564: 7560: 7552: 7545: 7537: 7533: 7525: 7521: 7508: 7504: 7494: 7492: 7481: 7480: 7476: 7468: 7464: 7456: 7452: 7444: 7440: 7427: 7426: 7422: 7417: 7413: 7405: 7401: 7393: 7389: 7381: 7377: 7359: 7358: 7354: 7346: 7342: 7336:Ruggenberg 1998 7334: 7330: 7322: 7318: 7310: 7306: 7298: 7294: 7286: 7282: 7274: 7270: 7263: 7250: 7249: 7240: 7232: 7228: 7220: 7216: 7208: 7204: 7196: 7192: 7184: 7177: 7167: 7165: 7155: 7151: 7150: 7146: 7138: 7134: 7126: 7122: 7114: 7110: 7089: 7085: 7077: 7073: 7065: 7061: 7053: 7049: 7042: 7038: 7030: 7026: 7018: 7014: 7006: 7002: 6992: 6988: 6980: 6976: 6968: 6964: 6956: 6952: 6944: 6940: 6932: 6928: 6920: 6916: 6900: 6896: 6888: 6884: 6874: 6872: 6856: 6855: 6851: 6841: 6839: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6808: 6806: 6788: 6784: 6776: 6772: 6764: 6760: 6752: 6748: 6740: 6736: 6728: 6724: 6716: 6712: 6704: 6700: 6691: 6687: 6679: 6675: 6667: 6663: 6655: 6651: 6643: 6639: 6630: 6626: 6618: 6614: 6605: 6604: 6600: 6592: 6588: 6580: 6576: 6562:"Morocco" 6554: 6550: 6542: 6538: 6529: 6525: 6517: 6510: 6502: 6495: 6487: 6483: 6474: 6470: 6461: 6457: 6448: 6447: 6443: 6432: 6428: 6417: 6413: 6403: 6401: 6394: 6385: 6375: 6373: 6368: 6367: 6360: 6340: 6336: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6313: 6307: 6300: 6290: 6288: 6281:"Alman Çeşmesi" 6279: 6278: 6271: 6263: 6259: 6251: 6247: 6239: 6235: 6229:Reinermann 2008 6227: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6196: 6192: 6182: 6180: 6179:on 20 July 2021 6176: 6169: 6163: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6141:Queen Alexandra 6138: 6134: 6125: 6118: 6109: 6102: 6094: 6090: 6082: 6078: 6070: 6066: 6058: 6054: 6046: 6042: 6034: 6030: 6022: 6018: 6008: 6006: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5985: 5981: 5972: 5968: 5959: 5955: 5947: 5943: 5935: 5931: 5923: 5919: 5910: 5906: 5898: 5894: 5886: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5862: 5858: 5850: 5846: 5838: 5834: 5826: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5802: 5798: 5790: 5783: 5775: 5771: 5763: 5759: 5751: 5747: 5739: 5735: 5727: 5718: 5710: 5706: 5698: 5694: 5690:, pp. 7–8. 5686: 5682: 5678:, pp. 1–2. 5674: 5670: 5666: 5634: 5629: 5628: 5619: 5615: 5606: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5095: 5090: 5072: 5070: 5063:9 November 1902 5031:27 January 1877 5013: 5011: 5002:, with Collar, 4994:1 November 1888 4992:; with Collar, 4973: 4971: 4967:8 November 1875 4951: 4949: 4914: 4868: 4866: 4823: 4821: 4760: 4758: 4743:; with Collar, 4723: 4721: 4714:15 October 1917 4708:15 October 1917 4671: 4669: 4663:27 January 1904 4652:, with Collar, 4637: 4635: 4592: 4590: 4570: 4568: 4543: 4541: 4528: 4526: 4504: 4467: 4465: 4444: 4442: 4425: 4406: 4404: 4372: 4370: 4364:11 October 1917 4355:18 January 1916 4318: 4316: 4295: 4293: 4273: 4271: 4244:Austria-Hungary 4236: 4229: 4223:Foreign honours 4220: 4187: 4185: 4170: 4168: 4162:22 October 1914 4134: 4132: 4112: 4110: 4104:15 October 1917 4078: 4076: 4070:15 October 1917 4044: 4042: 4038:15 October 1917 4028: 4026: 4018:, with Collar, 3992: 3988:15 October 1917 3975: 3963: 3957:15 October 1917 3925: 3918: 3911: 3901:War Merit Cross 3878: 3876: 3869:1 November 1914 3841: 3839: 3832:1 November 1914 3794: 3792: 3782:Friedrich Cross 3760: 3758: 3743: 3741: 3705:18 January 1901 3699:Founder of the 3695:31 October 1898 3691:Jerusalem Cross 3689:Founder of the 3681:Red Cross Medal 3679:Founder of the 3675:18 January 1896 3669:Founder of the 3659:Founder of the 3655:27 January 1869 3645:27 January 1869 3636:27 January 1869 3625:; with Collar, 3623:27 January 1869 3607: 3605: 3584: 3559:Sylvester Groth 3434: 3350: 3321: 3297: 3292: 3264: 3250: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3231:(Married 1913) 3183: 3178: 3176: 3172:(Married 1914) 3124: 3122: 3118:(Married 1914) 3105:Prince Adalbert 3077: 3075: 3070: 3067:Prince Hubertus 3065: 3060: 3053:(Married 1905) 2990: 2981:John C. G. Röhl 2947: 2922:Reichskommissar 2899:Wilhelm Canaris 2868: 2861: 2858: 2849: 2848:Wilhelm in 1933 2846: 2837: 2831: 2822: 2819: 2783:Antichrist Juda 2755: 2688: 2685: 2646:First World War 2626: 2624:Views on Nazism 2617: 2591: 2579:Weimar Republic 2538:Wilhelm Groener 2515:Friedrich Ebert 2483: 2477: 2447:Georg Michaelis 2431:Schlieffen plan 2424:in January 1917 2420:, Wilhelm, and 2411: 2398: 2390:Schlieffen Plan 2362: 2361: 2353: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2333: 2330: 2323: 2317: 2299: 2281:Otto von Emmich 2269: 2230: 2221: 2215: 2193:Reichsmarineamt 2166:Marine-Kabinett 2098: 2090:Main articles: 2088: 2079:Daily Telegraph 2074:Daily Telegraph 2066:Second Boer War 2055: 2049: 2045:Daily Telegraph 2022:Moroccan Crisis 1998: 1992: 1990:Moroccan Crisis 1965:. According to 1955: 1949: 1933: 1885:Boxer Rebellion 1881: 1875: 1860:German Fountain 1847: 1844: 1765: 1692:First World War 1669:Kruger telegram 1652: 1650:Foreign affairs 1640:Victoria Louise 1603:Greek Orthodoxy 1523: 1466: 1441: 1385:Leo von Caprivi 1381: 1372: 1361: 1355: 1352: 1342:Please help to 1341: 1325: 1321: 1314: 1294:Berlin Congress 1282:C.L. Sulzberger 1271:divide and rule 1263:Roman Catholics 1247:Modris Eksteins 1235:, published in 1155: 1134:, however, the 1115:, the shifting 1106:organized labor 1019: 1002: 950:, stationed at 939: 887:Prince Adalbert 766:Queen Alexandra 762:King Edward VII 743: 707:Sir James Clark 691:breech position 683: 681:Traumatic birth 607: 595:Weimar Republic 540:Austria-Hungary 472:as well as the 462:King of Prussia 447: 446: 445: 444: 443: 440: 428: 425: 398:Prussian United 335: 311:Prince Adalbert 287: 284: 281: 1922) 276: 272: 269: 261: 253: 249: 246: 245: 229: 226: 209: 205: 192: 191:27 January 1859 186: 184: 183: 170: 156:Georg Michaelis 138: 134:Leo von Caprivi 125: 124: 106:Friedrich Ebert 104: 79: 70:King of Prussia 68: 60: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12613: 12603: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12360:Exiled royalty 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12260: 12259: 12236: 12233: 12232: 12230: 12229: 12217: 12204: 12202: 12198: 12197: 12195: 12194: 12182: 12170: 12154:Prince Michael 12150: 12148: 12144: 12143: 12141: 12140: 12135: 12123: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12082:Prince Wilhelm 12078: 12076: 12075:9th generation 12072: 12071: 12069: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12036:Prince Joachim 12033: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12007: 12005: 12004:8th generation 12001: 12000: 11998: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11956: 11954: 11953:7th generation 11950: 11949: 11947: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11920: 11918: 11917:6th generation 11914: 11913: 11911: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11888:Prince Charles 11885: 11880: 11874: 11872: 11871:5th generation 11868: 11867: 11865: 11864: 11862:Prince William 11859: 11854: 11849: 11843: 11841: 11840:4th generation 11837: 11836: 11834: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11812: 11810: 11809:3rd generation 11806: 11805: 11803: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11781: 11779: 11778:2nd generation 11775: 11774: 11772: 11771: 11765: 11763: 11762:1st generation 11759: 11758: 11747: 11744: 11743: 11736: 11735: 11728: 11721: 11713: 11704: 11703: 11698: 11695: 11694: 11692: 11691: 11689:Hermann Göring 11685: 11683: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11649: 11647: 11643: 11642: 11640: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11593: 11591: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11557: 11555: 11551: 11550: 11542: 11541: 11534: 11527: 11519: 11510: 11509: 11503: 11500: 11499: 11492: 11490: 11488: 11487: 11481: 11475: 11469: 11462: 11459: 11458: 11451:Prussian royal 11442: 11441: 11434: 11427: 11419: 11410: 11409: 11403: 11400: 11399: 11397: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11379:Erich Honecker 11376: 11371: 11366: 11360: 11358: 11350: 11349: 11347: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11294:Heinrich Lübke 11291: 11285: 11283: 11275: 11274: 11229: 11227: 11219: 11218: 11211: 11210: 11203: 11196: 11188: 11179: 11178: 11175:German Emperor 11168: 11165: 11164: 11162: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11115: 11113: 11106: 11105: 11098: 11096: 11094: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11081:George William 11078: 11076:John Sigismund 11073: 11068: 11062: 11060: 11053: 11052: 11045: 11044: 11037: 11030: 11022: 11013: 11012: 11010: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10993: 10991: 10984: 10983: 10981: 10980: 10974: 10972: 10965: 10964: 10962: 10961: 10959:Franz Joseph I 10955: 10953: 10946: 10945: 10943: 10942: 10933: 10931: 10924: 10923: 10921: 10920: 10915: 10909: 10907: 10900: 10899: 10897: 10896: 10890: 10888: 10881: 10880: 10878: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10647:Lothair II/III 10644: 10639: 10634: 10627: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10584: 10582: 10570: 10569: 10567: 10566: 10561: 10554: 10549: 10543: 10541: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10494: 10492: 10480: 10479: 10472: 10471: 10464: 10457: 10449: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10436: 10425: 10414:Günther Victor 10410: 10399: 10388: 10381:Heinrich XXVII 10377: 10365: 10363: 10362:Principalities 10359: 10358: 10356: 10355: 10352:Saxe-Meiningen 10337: 10319: 10316:Saxe-Altenburg 10301: 10283: 10264: 10262: 10258: 10257: 10255: 10254: 10247:William Ernest 10236: 10218: 10200: 10182: 10164: 10145: 10143: 10139: 10138: 10136: 10135: 10117: 10099: 10081: 10062: 10060: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10052: 10037: 10035: 10029: 10028: 10020: 10019: 10012: 10005: 9997: 9989: 9988: 9983: 9980: 9955: 9950: 9943: 9942: 9936: 9935: 9915: 9912: 9903: 9893:German Emperor 9883: 9879: 9878: 9874: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9854:German Emperor 9850: 9845: 9841: 9840: 9839:Regnal titles 9836: 9835: 9815: 9812: 9807: 9806: 9792: 9780: 9767: 9758: 9747: 9727: 9711: 9701: 9692: 9685: 9673: 9664: 9663:External links 9661: 9659: 9658: 9643: 9628: 9621: 9610: 9595: 9588: 9569: 9563: 9548: 9537: 9522: 9515:German History 9511: 9504: 9497: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9481: 9472: 9466: 9451: 9431: 9425: 9410: 9400: 9395:978-0199975396 9394: 9378: 9352:(1): 196–204. 9341: 9328: 9303: 9294: 9285: 9276:, NL: Greatwar 9267: 9261: 9246: 9240: 9225: 9219: 9204: 9198: 9185: 9176: 9170: 9154: 9148: 9135: 9125:(4): 469–485. 9119:German History 9114: 9109:978-1622336999 9108: 9095: 9089: 9074: 9068: 9055: 9049: 9034: 9028: 9013: 8996: 8990: 8977: 8946: 8940: 8925: 8920: 8907: 8901: 8888: 8877: 8871: 8855: 8818: 8812: 8787: 8781: 8763: 8757: 8742: 8741:, Archive.org. 8730: 8724: 8711: 8700: 8671: 8665: 8650: 8639: 8633: 8618: 8612: 8591: 8585: 8570: 8564: 8551: 8545: 8530: 8524: 8509: 8503: 8488: 8470: 8451: 8445: 8430: 8409: 8403: 8382: 8377:978-0316023757 8376: 8362:Beevor, Antony 8358: 8345: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8299: 8283: 8267: 8251: 8227: 8203: 8177: 8149: 8133: 8109: 8095: 8075: 8054: 8030: 8023: 8005: 8000:da:DIS Danmark 7968: 7954: 7938:"Ritter-Orden" 7929: 7915: 7894: 7874: 7860: 7846: 7834: 7820: 7805: 7791: 7763: 7741: 7724: 7702: 7663: 7644: 7615: 7598: 7570: 7558: 7556:, p. 210. 7543: 7531: 7519: 7516:. pp. 3–. 7502: 7474: 7462: 7450: 7448:, p. 188. 7438: 7420: 7411: 7399: 7387: 7375: 7352: 7340: 7328: 7326:, p. 459. 7324:Macdonogh 2001 7316: 7304: 7302:, p. 602. 7292: 7290:, p. 212. 7280: 7278:, p. 211. 7268: 7261: 7238: 7236:, p. 523. 7226: 7224:, p. 192. 7214: 7212:, p. 226. 7202: 7190: 7188:, p. 170. 7175: 7144: 7142:, p. 419. 7132: 7130:, p. 456. 7128:Macdonogh 2001 7120: 7116:Macdonogh 2001 7108: 7083: 7081:, p. 457. 7079:Macdonogh 2001 7071: 7059: 7057:, p. 425. 7055:Macdonogh 2001 7047: 7036: 7034:, p. 426. 7032:Macdonogh 2001 7024: 7022:, p. 153. 7012: 7000: 6986: 6984:, p. 294. 6974: 6972:, p. 292. 6962: 6950: 6948:, p. 107. 6938: 6936:, p. 283. 6926: 6914: 6894: 6882: 6849: 6816: 6782: 6780:, p. 355. 6770: 6768:, p. 453. 6758: 6746: 6734: 6732:, p. 444. 6722: 6720:, p. 212. 6710: 6698: 6685: 6673: 6669:Steinberg 1973 6661: 6649: 6637: 6624: 6612: 6598: 6586: 6574: 6559:, ed. (1911). 6557:Chisholm, Hugh 6548: 6536: 6523: 6508: 6493: 6481: 6468: 6455: 6441: 6426: 6411: 6383: 6358: 6334: 6298: 6269: 6257: 6245: 6243:, p. 203. 6233: 6221: 6190: 6157: 6145: 6132: 6116: 6100: 6098:, p. 528. 6088: 6076: 6074:, p. 110. 6064: 6062:, p. 421. 6060:Nipperdey 1992 6052: 6040: 6028: 6016: 6004:www.cs.cmu.edu 5991: 5979: 5966: 5953: 5941: 5929: 5925:Steinberg 2011 5917: 5911:W. H. Dawson, 5904: 5892: 5880: 5868: 5856: 5844: 5832: 5820: 5808: 5796: 5781: 5769: 5757: 5745: 5733: 5716: 5704: 5692: 5680: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5660: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5613: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5428: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5242: 5239: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5103: 5102: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5088: 5068: 5067: 5066: 5055: 5044: 5034: 5020:United Kingdom 5008: 5007: 5006: 4996: 4969: 4946: 4945: 4944: 4936:Knight of the 4934: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4885: 4883:9 October 1884 4864: 4863: 4862: 4854:Collar of the 4852: 4843: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4807: 4798: 4789: 4780: 4755: 4754: 4753: 4747: 4741:9 October 1884 4718: 4717: 4716: 4710: 4704:Order of Glory 4701: 4696: 4690: 4678:Ottoman Empire 4667: 4666: 4665: 4656: 4633: 4632: 4631: 4621: 4611: 4588: 4565: 4538: 4524: 4523: 4522: 4520:9 October 1884 4502: 4492: 4487: 4462: 4439: 4423: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4391: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4357: 4347: 4338: 4313: 4290: 4288:9 October 1884 4269: 4268: 4267: 4257: 4226: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4216: 4206: 4183: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4154: 4129: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4097: 4074: 4073: 4072: 4059: 4040: 4024: 4023: 4022: 4013: 3990: 3961: 3960: 3959: 3946: 3909: 3908: 3907: 3898: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3861: 3836: 3835: 3834: 3824: 3816:Knight of the 3814: 3806:Knight of the 3790: 3789: 3788: 3779: 3756: 3739: 3738: 3737: 3727:Pour le Mérite 3724: 3707: 3697: 3687: 3685:1 October 1898 3677: 3667: 3657: 3647: 3638: 3629: 3602: 3601: 3600: 3599:German honours 3583: 3580: 3579: 3578: 3575:The King's Man 3568: 3556: 3544: 3535: 3523: 3509: 3497: 3485: 3473: 3469:Fall of Eagles 3457: 3453:Secret History 3441: 3433: 3430: 3426:tribe of Judah 3411:Turks had done 3399:Jew-Bolsheviks 3349: 3346: 3333:Constantinople 3320: 3317: 3303:member of the 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3263: 3260: 3253: 3252: 3232: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3193:Prince Joachim 3189: 3188: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3141:25 March 1949 3139: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3057:Prince Wilhelm 3054: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 2989: 2986: 2946: 2945:Historiography 2943: 2905:, World War I 2867: 2864: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2840: 2838: 2832: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2813: 2799:U.S. of Europe 2754: 2751: 2683: 2650:Hermann Göring 2625: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2590: 2587: 2503:personal union 2479:Main article: 2476: 2473: 2465:Woodrow Wilson 2410: 2407: 2397: 2394: 2374:von Schlieffen 2352: 2346: 2331: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2295:Main article: 2268: 2265: 2229: 2226: 2214: 2211: 2087: 2084: 2051:Main article: 2048: 2042: 1994:Main article: 1991: 1988: 1951:Main article: 1948: 1945: 1932: 1929: 1877:Main article: 1874: 1871: 1858:, and had the 1842: 1785:Ottoman Empire 1781:Constantinople 1764: 1761: 1707:Imperial Japan 1681:British Empire 1651: 1648: 1579:Maud of Norway 1522: 1519: 1465: 1462: 1440: 1437: 1408:Wilhelmine Era 1380: 1379:The New Course 1377: 1374: 1373: 1328: 1326: 1319: 1313: 1310: 1261:in the 1860s, 1141:absolute power 1097:went on strike 1062:internal exile 1040:he formed the 1018: 1015: 1007:that same year 1001: 998: 964:English doctor 941: 940: 938: 937: 930: 923: 915: 912: 911: 910: 909: 904: 902:Prince Joachim 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 866: 865: 859: 858: 850: 849: 843: 842: 742: 739: 715:umbilical cord 687:water breaking 682: 679: 629:("Vicky") and 606: 603: 544:Ottoman Empire 466:his abdication 458:German Emperor 449: 448: 441: 426: 421: 420: 419: 418: 417: 414: 413: 406: 402: 401: 391: 387: 386: 381: 377: 376: 371: 367: 366: 361: 355: 354: 351: 350: 346: 345: 337: 336: 334: 333: 328: 326:Prince Joachim 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 297: 295: 289: 288: 286: 285: 274: 270: 265: 264: 262: 251: 247: 241: 240: 237: 235: 231: 230: 227: 223: 219: 218: 208:(aged 82) 202: 198: 197: 180: 176: 175: 172: 171: 169: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 136: 131: 120: 119: 118: 116: 110: 109: 108:(as President) 97: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 66:German Emperor 62: 61: 58: 50: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12612: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12380:German exiles 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12273: 12272: 12270: 12254: 12253: 12247: 12242: 12241: 12234: 12227: 12226: 12221: 12218: 12215: 12214: 12209: 12206: 12205: 12203: 12199: 12192: 12191: 12186: 12183: 12180: 12179: 12174: 12171: 12168: 12167: 12161: 12160: 12155: 12152: 12151: 12149: 12145: 12139: 12136: 12133: 12132: 12127: 12124: 12121: 12120: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12089: 12088: 12083: 12080: 12079: 12077: 12073: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12008: 12006: 12002: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11957: 11955: 11951: 11945: 11944:Prince George 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11934:Prince Albert 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11924:Frederick III 11922: 11921: 11919: 11915: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11893:Prince Albert 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11875: 11873: 11869: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11844: 11842: 11838: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11813: 11811: 11807: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11782: 11780: 11776: 11770: 11767: 11766: 11764: 11760: 11755: 11751: 11745: 11741: 11734: 11729: 11727: 11722: 11720: 11715: 11714: 11711: 11701: 11696: 11690: 11687: 11686: 11684: 11680: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11644: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11594: 11592: 11588: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11558: 11556: 11552: 11548: 11540: 11535: 11533: 11528: 11526: 11521: 11520: 11517: 11507: 11501: 11496: 11485: 11482: 11479: 11476: 11473: 11470: 11467: 11464: 11463: 11460: 11456: 11452: 11448: 11445:Heads of the 11440: 11435: 11433: 11428: 11426: 11421: 11420: 11417: 11406: 11401: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11364:Wilhelm Pieck 11362: 11361: 11359: 11355: 11351: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11339:Joachim Gauck 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11309:Karl Carstens 11307: 11305: 11304:Walter Scheel 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11289:Theodor Heuss 11287: 11286: 11284: 11280: 11276: 11272: 11268: 11264: 11260: 11256: 11252: 11251: 11246: 11242: 11241:Frederick III 11238: 11234: 11233: 11228: 11224: 11220: 11216: 11209: 11204: 11202: 11197: 11195: 11190: 11189: 11186: 11176: 11172: 11166: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11154:Frederick III 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11107: 11102: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11054: 11050: 11043: 11038: 11036: 11031: 11029: 11024: 11023: 11020: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11002:Frederick III 11000: 10998: 10995: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10988:German Empire 10985: 10979: 10976: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10966: 10960: 10957: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10947: 10938: 10935: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10928:German Empire 10925: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10901: 10895: 10892: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10882: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10830:Ferdinand III 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10810:Maximilian II 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10790:Frederick III 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10775: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10758: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10716: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10699: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10632: 10628: 10626: 10625: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10575: 10571: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10559: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10534: 10530: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10485: 10481: 10477: 10470: 10465: 10463: 10458: 10456: 10451: 10450: 10447: 10434: 10430: 10426: 10423: 10422:Sondershausen 10419: 10415: 10411: 10408: 10404: 10400: 10397: 10393: 10392:Heinrich XXIV 10389: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10375: 10371: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10360: 10353: 10349: 10344: 10338: 10335: 10331: 10326: 10320: 10317: 10313: 10308: 10302: 10299: 10295: 10290: 10284: 10281: 10277: 10276:Joachim Ernst 10272: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10259: 10252: 10248: 10243: 10237: 10234: 10230: 10225: 10219: 10216: 10212: 10207: 10201: 10198: 10194: 10189: 10183: 10180: 10176: 10171: 10165: 10162: 10158: 10153: 10147: 10146: 10144: 10140: 10133: 10129: 10124: 10118: 10115: 10111: 10106: 10100: 10097: 10093: 10088: 10082: 10079: 10075: 10070: 10064: 10063: 10061: 10057: 10050: 10045: 10039: 10038: 10036: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10018: 10013: 10011: 10006: 10004: 9999: 9998: 9995: 9986: 9978: 9967: 9966: 9960: 9953: 9948: 9947:Loss of title 9944: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9932: 9931: 9926: 9918: 9909: 9901: 9900: 9899: 9894: 9886: 9885:Frederick III 9880: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9860: 9859: 9855: 9848: 9847:Frederick III 9842: 9837: 9832: 9825: 9820: 9819: 9810: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9790: 9789:The Spectator 9786: 9781: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9753: 9748: 9744: 9743: 9737: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9723: 9717: 9712: 9709: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9690: 9686: 9681: 9680: 9674: 9672: 9671: 9667: 9666: 9656: 9652: 9651:psychohistory 9648: 9644: 9641: 9637: 9633: 9629: 9626: 9622: 9619: 9615: 9611: 9608: 9604: 9600: 9596: 9593: 9589: 9586: 9582: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9560: 9556: 9555: 9549: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9520: 9516: 9512: 9509: 9505: 9502: 9498: 9495: 9491: 9490: 9480: 9477: 9473: 9469: 9463: 9459: 9458: 9452: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9438: 9432: 9428: 9422: 9418: 9417: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9397: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9363: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9347: 9342: 9338: 9334: 9329: 9325: 9319: 9311: 9310: 9304: 9300: 9295: 9291: 9286: 9275: 9274: 9268: 9264: 9258: 9254: 9253: 9247: 9243: 9241:9781107072251 9237: 9233: 9232: 9226: 9222: 9216: 9212: 9211: 9205: 9201: 9195: 9191: 9186: 9182: 9177: 9173: 9167: 9163: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9145: 9141: 9136: 9132: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9115: 9111: 9105: 9101: 9096: 9092: 9086: 9082: 9081: 9075: 9071: 9069:9781857998672 9065: 9061: 9056: 9052: 9046: 9042: 9041: 9035: 9031: 9025: 9021: 9020: 9014: 9010: 9002: 8997: 8993: 8991:9780199668311 8987: 8983: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8947: 8943: 8941:9780345375568 8937: 8933: 8932: 8926: 8923: 8917: 8913: 8908: 8904: 8898: 8894: 8889: 8885: 8884: 8878: 8874: 8872:9781317397533 8868: 8865:. Routledge. 8864: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8829:(4): 359–77, 8828: 8824: 8819: 8815: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8793: 8788: 8784: 8782:1-4021-6786-5 8778: 8774: 8773: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8754: 8750: 8749: 8743: 8738: 8737: 8731: 8727: 8725:0-948660-03-1 8721: 8717: 8712: 8708: 8707: 8701: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8681: 8678:(in German). 8677: 8672: 8668: 8666:9780297813125 8662: 8658: 8657: 8651: 8647: 8646: 8640: 8636: 8630: 8626: 8625: 8619: 8615: 8613:9781134205974 8609: 8605: 8600: 8599: 8592: 8588: 8582: 8578: 8577: 8571: 8567: 8561: 8557: 8552: 8548: 8542: 8538: 8537: 8531: 8527: 8521: 8517: 8516: 8510: 8506: 8500: 8496: 8495: 8489: 8477: 8473: 8467: 8463: 8459: 8458: 8452: 8448: 8442: 8438: 8437: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8410: 8406: 8404:9780521824088 8400: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8383: 8379: 8373: 8369: 8368: 8363: 8359: 8357: 8351: 8346: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8318: 8314: 8309: 8308: 8296: 8292: 8287: 8280: 8276: 8271: 8264: 8260: 8255: 8239: 8238: 8231: 8215: 8214: 8207: 8191: 8187: 8181: 8165: 8164: 8159: 8153: 8146: 8142: 8137: 8121: 8120: 8113: 8106: 8105: 8099: 8088: 8087: 8083:刑部芳則 (2017). 8079: 8071: 8067: 8066: 8058: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8040: 8034: 8026: 8024:951-0-22037-X 8020: 8016: 8009: 8001: 7985: 7981: 7980: 7972: 7964: 7958: 7943: 7939: 7933: 7926: 7925: 7919: 7912: 7911: 7907: 7904: 7898: 7890: 7886: 7885: 7878: 7870: 7864: 7857: 7856: 7850: 7843: 7838: 7831: 7830: 7824: 7818: 7814: 7809: 7802: 7801: 7795: 7780: 7776: 7770: 7768: 7751: 7745: 7738: 7737: 7731: 7729: 7712: 7706: 7698: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7683:(in German), 7682: 7678: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7649: 7632: 7628: 7622: 7620: 7612: 7611: 7605: 7603: 7587: 7586: 7581: 7574: 7567: 7562: 7555: 7550: 7548: 7540: 7535: 7529:, p. 57. 7528: 7523: 7515: 7514: 7506: 7490: 7489: 7488:The Economist 7484: 7478: 7472:, p. 46. 7471: 7466: 7459: 7454: 7447: 7442: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7415: 7408: 7407:Berghahn 2003 7403: 7396: 7391: 7385:, p. 10. 7384: 7379: 7370: 7365: 7362: 7356: 7349: 7344: 7337: 7332: 7325: 7320: 7313: 7312:Sweetman 1973 7308: 7301: 7296: 7289: 7284: 7277: 7272: 7264: 7262:9780521844314 7258: 7254: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7235: 7230: 7223: 7218: 7211: 7206: 7199: 7194: 7187: 7182: 7180: 7163: 7162: 7154: 7148: 7141: 7136: 7129: 7124: 7117: 7112: 7103: 7098: 7094: 7087: 7080: 7075: 7068: 7063: 7056: 7051: 7045: 7040: 7033: 7028: 7021: 7016: 7009: 7004: 6997: 6990: 6983: 6978: 6971: 6966: 6959: 6954: 6947: 6942: 6935: 6930: 6923: 6918: 6910: 6909: 6904: 6898: 6891: 6886: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6853: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6820: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6786: 6779: 6774: 6767: 6762: 6756:, p. 11. 6755: 6754:Willmott 2003 6750: 6743: 6738: 6731: 6726: 6719: 6714: 6707: 6702: 6695: 6689: 6682: 6677: 6670: 6665: 6658: 6653: 6646: 6641: 6634: 6628: 6621: 6616: 6608: 6602: 6595: 6590: 6583: 6578: 6570: 6569: 6563: 6558: 6552: 6546:, p. 48. 6545: 6540: 6533: 6527: 6520: 6519:Steakley 1989 6515: 6513: 6505: 6500: 6498: 6490: 6485: 6478: 6472: 6465: 6459: 6452:. March 1901. 6451: 6445: 6437: 6430: 6422: 6415: 6399: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6371: 6365: 6363: 6354: 6350: 6349: 6344: 6338: 6319: 6312: 6305: 6303: 6286: 6282: 6276: 6274: 6266: 6261: 6255:, p. 14. 6254: 6249: 6242: 6237: 6230: 6225: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6194: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6155:, p. 97. 6154: 6149: 6142: 6136: 6129: 6123: 6121: 6113: 6107: 6105: 6097: 6092: 6086:, p. 87. 6085: 6080: 6073: 6068: 6061: 6056: 6050:, p. 91. 6049: 6044: 6037: 6032: 6025: 6020: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5989:, p. 55. 5988: 5983: 5976: 5970: 5963: 5957: 5950: 5945: 5938: 5933: 5926: 5921: 5914: 5908: 5902:, p. 44. 5901: 5896: 5889: 5884: 5877: 5872: 5866:, p. 34. 5865: 5860: 5854:, p. 12. 5853: 5848: 5842:, p. 33. 5841: 5836: 5830:, p. 31. 5829: 5824: 5818:, p. 29. 5817: 5812: 5806:, p. 14. 5805: 5800: 5794:, p. 28. 5793: 5788: 5786: 5779:, p. 27. 5778: 5773: 5767:, p. 33. 5766: 5761: 5754: 5749: 5742: 5737: 5731:, p. 10. 5730: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5713: 5708: 5701: 5696: 5689: 5684: 5677: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5623: 5617: 5610: 5604: 5600: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5498: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5447: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5436: 5431: 5430: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5407: 5406: 5401: 5400: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5372: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5250: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5223: 5222: 5217: 5216: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5194: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5165: 5164: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5130: 5127: 5121: 5109: 5108: 5105: 5104: 5100: 5099: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5069: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5009: 5005: 5001: 5000:Order of Vasa 4997: 4995: 4991: 4990:25 April 1878 4987: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4970: 4968: 4964: 4959: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4819: 4815: 4812:, 1st Class, 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803:, 1st Class, 4802: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4768: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4731: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4709: 4706:in Diamonds, 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4654:1 August 1888 4651: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4566: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4539: 4536: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4452: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4369: 4365: 4362:, 1st Class, 4361: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4326: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4240: 4233: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4221: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4184: 4182: 4178: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4153: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4064:, 1st Class ( 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4025: 4021: 4020:19 April 1894 4017: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4003: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3929: 3922: 3915: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3890: 3889: 3886: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3849: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3757: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3712:, 1st Class, 3711: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3676: 3672: 3671:Wilhelm-Orden 3668: 3666: 3665:25 April 1892 3662: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3646: 3643:, 1st Class, 3642: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3576: 3572: 3571:Tom Hollander 3569: 3566: 3565: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3552:The Exception 3548: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3531:The Red Baron 3527: 3526:Ladislav Frej 3524: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3501: 3500:Alfred Struwe 3498: 3495: 3494: 3489: 3488:Rupert Julian 3486: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3407:Baltic states 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3345: 3340: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3273: 3268: 3259: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3200:18 July 1920 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3163:27 July 1888 3162: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3109:14 July 1884 3108: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3047:20 July 1951 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3010: 3002: 2994: 2985: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2951: 2942: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2872: 2856: 2851: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2829: 2824: 2817: 2812: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2750: 2748: 2743: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2717:fall of Paris 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2694: 2682: 2677: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2665:Kristallnacht 2661: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2621: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2589:Life in exile 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2534:fait accompli 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2409:Shadow-Kaiser 2406: 2402: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2360: 2358: 2329: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2287:(middle) and 2286: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2264: 2259: 2258:mobilisation. 2254: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2234: 2225: 2220: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2184: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2161:Naval Cabinet 2158: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2083: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2061: 2054: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1954: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1880: 1870: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1841: 1839: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1811:to embark to 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1789:Abdulhamid II 1786: 1782: 1774: 1769: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1661: 1658:Wilhelm with 1656: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1629:Osborne House 1625: 1620: 1619:Isle of Wight 1616: 1612: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1506:David Fromkin 1501: 1497: 1495: 1486: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1461: 1459: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1370: 1367: 1359: 1356:February 2019 1349: 1345: 1339: 1338: 1332: 1327: 1318: 1317: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1284:for the book 1283: 1278: 1276: 1275:German people 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1205: 1203: 1202:ship of state 1197: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1070:Eugen Richter 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1027: 1023: 1014: 1010: 1008: 997: 995: 991: 987: 983: 978: 976: 972: 967: 965: 960: 955: 953: 949: 936: 931: 929: 924: 922: 917: 916: 914: 913: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 869: 868: 867: 864: 861: 860: 856: 852: 851: 848: 845: 844: 840: 839: 836: 832: 830: 826: 822: 817: 815: 814: 809: 805: 801: 797: 792: 790: 785: 781: 779: 778:Prince Alfred 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 751: 747: 738: 736: 732: 727: 725: 721: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 678: 676: 672: 668: 667:German Empire 664: 660: 659:Prince Albert 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 611: 602: 600: 596: 592: 587: 585: 584:Western Front 580: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 560:brinksmanship 557: 552: 547: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 500: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 477: 475: 471: 470:German Empire 467: 463: 459: 455: 424: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 392: 388: 385: 382: 378: 375: 372: 368: 365: 362: 360: 356: 347: 342: 338: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 298: 296: 294: 290: 268: 263: 244: 239: 238: 236: 232: 224: 220: 217:, Netherlands 216: 212: 203: 199: 195: 181: 177: 173: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 141: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 126: 123: 117: 115: 111: 107: 103: 102: 98: 94: 91: 90:Frederick III 88: 84: 78: 74: 71: 67: 63: 56: 51: 46: 43: 39: 35: 30: 19: 12325:Anti-Masonry 12320:Anti-Judaism 12250: 12238: 12223: 12211: 12188: 12176: 12173:Prince Oskar 12164: 12157: 12129: 12117: 12085: 12051:Prince Henry 12031:Prince Oskar 11965:Prince Henry 11959: 11857:Prince Henry 11852:Prince Louis 11821:Prince Henry 11795:Prince Henry 11785:Frederick II 11652: 11486:(since 1994) 11465: 11404: 11354:East Germany 11329:Horst Köhler 11324:Johannes Rau 11319:Roman Herzog 11282:(since 1949) 11266: 11263:Adolf Hitler 11249: 11248: 11244: 11231: 11230: 11223:German Reich 11158: 11129:Frederick II 11006: 10835:Ferdinand IV 10825:Ferdinand II 10795:Maximilian I 10772: 10755: 10713: 10698:Henry (VIII) 10696: 10682:Frederick II 10637:Conrad (III) 10629: 10622: 10556: 10533:East Francia 10484:East Francia 10348:Bernhard III 10294:Ernst August 10175:Ernst Ludwig 10157:Friedrich II 10073: 10048: 9964: 9963: 9958: 9946: 9922: 9921: 9905: 9890: 9889: 9865: 9852: 9830: 9823: 9816: 9788: 9784: 9740: 9720: 9688: 9678: 9669: 9655:Adolf Hitler 9646: 9631: 9624: 9613: 9598: 9591: 9576: 9553: 9540: 9525: 9514: 9507: 9500: 9493: 9475: 9456: 9446:the original 9441: 9436: 9415: 9404: 9385: 9349: 9345: 9332: 9308: 9298: 9289: 9278:, retrieved 9272: 9251: 9230: 9209: 9189: 9180: 9161: 9139: 9122: 9118: 9099: 9079: 9059: 9039: 9018: 9008: 9000: 8981: 8954: 8950: 8930: 8911: 8892: 8882: 8862: 8826: 8822: 8795: 8771: 8747: 8735: 8715: 8705: 8682:(1): 21–44. 8679: 8675: 8655: 8644: 8623: 8597: 8575: 8558:. Atheneum. 8555: 8535: 8514: 8493: 8482:18 September 8480:, retrieved 8476:the original 8456: 8435: 8417: 8413: 8386: 8366: 8349: 8319:(2): 53–78, 8316: 8312: 8286: 8270: 8254: 8242:, retrieved 8236: 8230: 8218:, retrieved 8212: 8206: 8194:. Retrieved 8189: 8180: 8168:. Retrieved 8161: 8152: 8144: 8136: 8124:, retrieved 8118: 8112: 8102: 8098: 8085: 8078: 8064: 8057: 8049: 8033: 8014: 8008: 7998:– via 7992:. Retrieved 7983: 7978: 7971: 7957: 7946:, retrieved 7941: 7932: 7922: 7918: 7901: 7897: 7883: 7877: 7868: 7863: 7853: 7849: 7841: 7837: 7827: 7823: 7812: 7808: 7798: 7794: 7782:. Retrieved 7778: 7754:. Retrieved 7744: 7734: 7715:. Retrieved 7705: 7684: 7680: 7655: 7635:. Retrieved 7631:the original 7608: 7589:. Retrieved 7583: 7573: 7566:Weinert 2007 7561: 7534: 7522: 7512: 7505: 7493:. Retrieved 7486: 7477: 7465: 7458:Motadel 2014 7453: 7441: 7432: 7423: 7414: 7402: 7390: 7378: 7369:the original 7363: 7355: 7343: 7331: 7319: 7307: 7295: 7283: 7271: 7252: 7234:Gilbert 1994 7229: 7217: 7205: 7193: 7166:. Retrieved 7159: 7147: 7140:Balfour 1964 7135: 7123: 7111: 7102:the original 7096: 7086: 7074: 7062: 7050: 7039: 7027: 7015: 7003: 6995: 6989: 6977: 6965: 6958:Collier 1974 6953: 6946:Schwabe 1985 6941: 6929: 6917: 6906: 6897: 6885: 6873:. Retrieved 6861: 6852: 6840:. Retrieved 6828: 6819: 6807:. Retrieved 6795: 6785: 6778:Balfour 1964 6773: 6761: 6749: 6742:Balfour 1964 6737: 6725: 6713: 6701: 6693: 6688: 6676: 6664: 6652: 6640: 6632: 6627: 6615: 6601: 6589: 6577: 6566: 6551: 6539: 6534:1991 p. 674. 6531: 6526: 6484: 6476: 6471: 6463: 6458: 6444: 6435: 6429: 6420: 6414: 6402:. Retrieved 6374:. Retrieved 6347: 6337: 6325:. Retrieved 6318:the original 6291:16 September 6289:. Retrieved 6285:the original 6267:, p. 9. 6260: 6248: 6236: 6224: 6212:. Retrieved 6208:the original 6203: 6193: 6181:. Retrieved 6174:the original 6160: 6153:Jastrow 1917 6148: 6140: 6135: 6127: 6111: 6110:King, Greg, 6091: 6084:Fromkin 2008 6079: 6072:Fromkin 2008 6067: 6055: 6043: 6031: 6019: 6009:16 September 6007:. Retrieved 6003: 5994: 5982: 5974: 5969: 5964:, pp. 66–67. 5961: 5956: 5944: 5932: 5920: 5912: 5907: 5895: 5883: 5871: 5859: 5847: 5835: 5823: 5811: 5799: 5772: 5760: 5748: 5736: 5707: 5702:, p. 9. 5695: 5683: 5671: 5657:Wilhelminism 5621: 5616: 5603: 5329: 5085: 5062: 5051: 5040: 5030: 5004:30 July 1909 5003: 4993: 4989: 4966: 4942:15 July 1891 4941: 4932:28 July 1877 4931: 4903:28 July 1877 4902: 4882: 4859: 4850:28 July 1877 4849: 4841:28 July 1877 4840: 4813: 4804: 4795: 4786: 4777: 4744: 4740: 4713: 4707: 4687: 4662: 4653: 4628: 4618: 4609:28 July 1877 4608: 4586:28 July 1877 4585: 4562: 4558: 4519: 4499: 4484: 4459: 4421:30 June 1918 4420: 4397: 4388: 4363: 4354: 4344: 4336:28 July 1877 4335: 4311:28 July 1877 4310: 4287: 4286:(military), 4264: 4254: 4213: 4203: 4180: 4161: 4152:28 July 1877 4151: 4126: 4103: 4094: 4069: 4037: 4019: 4011:2 April 1872 4010: 4007:Ludwig Order 3987: 3956: 3943: 3904: 3895: 3868: 3858: 3831: 3822:28 July 1877 3821: 3811: 3785: 3776: 3749:Hohenzollern 3734: 3730: 3729:(military), 3721: 3713: 3704: 3694: 3684: 3674: 3664: 3654: 3644: 3635: 3626: 3622: 3590:Portrait by 3562: 3550: 3538: 3529: 3519: 3503: 3491: 3479: 3467: 3460:Barry Foster 3452: 3443: 3437: 3419: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3371: 3348:Antisemitism 3342: 3338: 3325:Muslim world 3322: 3298: 3276: 3256: 3212:(1916–1975) 3187:(1922–2007) 3159:Prince Oskar 3153:(1912–1985) 3128:(1919–1989) 3088:7 July 1883 3015: 2960: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2939: 2920: 2910: 2877: 2807: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2756: 2744: 2738: 2733: 2714: 2690: 2679: 2662: 2638:Adolf Hitler 2627: 2618: 2592: 2585:at Potsdam. 2564: 2561: 2556: 2533: 2531: 2508: 2487:Spa, Belgium 2484: 2458: 2437:and General 2427: 2403: 2399: 2363: 2354: 2309: 2304: 2300: 2261: 2256: 2240: 2224:sidelines." 2222: 2150: 2134:Tirpitz Plan 2131: 2119:Fleet Review 2111: 2105: 2078: 2073: 2058: 2056: 2044: 2034: 2019: 1977: 1972: 1956: 1934: 1926: 1916: 1912: 1902: 1882: 1864: 1849: 1834: 1778: 1746: 1731: 1699:yellow peril 1696: 1689: 1685:Jameson Raid 1665: 1637: 1607: 1585:and Empress 1568: 1515: 1503: 1499: 1491: 1454: 1442: 1426: 1412: 1404: 1393: 1388: 1382: 1362: 1353: 1334: 1304:isolated in 1285: 1279: 1251:long overdue 1250: 1244: 1236: 1233:John Tenniel 1206: 1198: 1194: 1168: 1165:Reichsfeinde 1149: 1144: 1125: 1112: 1110: 1094: 1089: 1077: 1041: 1035: 1031: 1011: 1003: 979: 968: 956: 944: 897:Prince Oskar 871: 833: 818: 811: 793: 786: 782: 755: 728: 684: 641:was king of 616: 588: 575: 548: 536:Persian Gulf 512:Jiaozhou Bay 501: 478: 453: 452: 364:Hohenzollern 321:Prince Oskar 206:(1941-06-04) 121: 100: 42: 29: 12285:1941 deaths 12280:1859 births 11750:Frederick I 11374:Willi Stoph 11357:(1949–1990) 11271:Karl Dönitz 11226:(1871–1945) 11119:Frederick I 11112:(1701–1918) 11091:Frederick I 11059:(1525–1701) 10990:(1871–1918) 10971:(1867–1871) 10952:(1850–1866) 10930:(1848/1849) 10918:Ferdinand I 10906:(1815–1848) 10887:(1806–1813) 10855:Charles VII 10805:Ferdinand I 10687:Henry (VII) 10662:Frederick I 10396:Reuss-Greiz 10330:Karl Eduard 10142:Grand dukes 10132:Württemberg 9833:4 June 1941 9813:Wilhelm II 9280:18 February 8627:. Penguin. 8389:: 281–293. 8086:明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 7994:3 September 7756:23 December 7717:24 December 7539:Kieser 2010 7495:2 September 7470:Landau 2015 7395:McLean 2001 7300:Pakula 1997 7210:Palmer 1978 7198:Beevor 2013 6960:, p. . 6922:Carter 2010 6903:"No. 30186" 6766:Ludwig 1927 6730:Ludwig 1927 6706:Herwig 1980 6532:Dreadnought 6504:Massie 1991 6404:24 December 6376:24 December 6198:Jeff Reed. 6048:Sainty 1991 5949:Taylor 1967 5864:Massie 1991 5840:Massie 1991 5816:Massie 1991 5792:Massie 1991 5777:Massie 1991 5765:Putnam 2001 4599:Netherlands 4194:Württemberg 4050:Mecklenburg 3755:, 1st Class 3735:12 May 1915 3718:Grand Cross 3564:Kaisersturz 3393:during the 3374:Lamar Cecil 3358:Enver Pasha 3329:Mohammedans 3307:. It was a 3247:(1917–1981) 3242:(1915–2006) 3237:(1914–1987) 3182:(1918–1989) 3074:(1911–1966) 3069:(1909–1950) 3064:(1907–1994) 3059:(1906–1940) 3044:6 May 1882 2895:field agent 2710:Heinz Linge 2656:during the 2644:during the 2573:, known as 2542:Netherlands 2469:Spanish flu 2455:Shakespeare 2297:July Crisis 2213:World War I 2146:dreadnought 1984:World War I 1838:Mohammedans 1771:Wilhelm in 1683:during the 1673:Paul Kruger 1599:Lutheranism 1464:Personality 1415:German Navy 1348:introducing 1170:Kulturkampf 1066:Old Liberal 741:Early years 735:Erb's palsy 568:World War I 564:July Crisis 551:great power 546:as allies. 394:Lutheranism 225:9 June 1941 204:4 June 1941 114:Chancellors 86:Predecessor 12450:Pretenders 12275:Wilhelm II 12269:Categories 11960:William II 11466:Wilhelm II 11455:since 1918 11384:Egon Krenz 11250:Presidents 11245:Wilhelm II 11159:William II 11007:William II 10894:Napoleon I 10875:Francis II 10870:Leopold II 10850:Charles VI 10763:Wenceslaus 10751:Charles IV 10657:Henry (VI) 10652:Conrad III 10581:(962–1806) 10576:within the 10486:during the 10385:Reuss-Gera 10370:Leopold IV 10128:Wilhelm II 10092:Ludwig III 10074:Wilhelm II 10049:Wilhelm II 9171:0521565049 8293:, p. 8277:, p. 8261:, p. 8170:17 October 8107:(in Dutch) 7948:2 November 7687:, Berlin: 7637:4 November 7527:Cecil 2000 7348:Goetz 1955 6982:Cecil 1989 6970:Cecil 1989 6934:Cecil 1989 6890:Craig 1978 6718:Cecil 1989 6681:Cecil 1989 6645:Cecil 1989 6620:Cecil 1989 6594:Röhl 2014b 6582:Cecil 1989 6489:Röhl 2014b 6265:Cecil 1989 6253:Cecil 1989 6214:6 December 6183:6 December 6036:Clark 2003 6024:König 2004 5987:Gauss 1915 5937:Cecil 1989 5888:Cecil 1989 5876:Cecil 1989 5664:References 5622:William II 5086:4 May 1905 4875:San Marino 4629:4 May 1905 4577:Montenegro 4561:; Collar, 3710:Iron Cross 3262:Remarriage 2907:flying ace 2903:Curt Haase 2834:Huis Doorn 2775:Freemasons 2767:Antichrist 2630:Nazi Party 2583:New Palace 2575:Huis Doorn 2422:Ludendorff 2418:Hindenburg 2357:media help 2279:, General 2243:Black Hand 2157:Baltic Sea 2153:Kiel Canal 2142:Fleet Acts 2115:Royal Navy 1906:no quarter 1879:Hun speech 1644:Queen Mary 1615:Cowes Week 1611:Edward VII 1504:Historian 1474:Ethiopians 1331:references 1267:Socialists 1184:statesmen 1136:Chancellor 1068:statesman 863:Wilhelm II 703:chloroform 605:Early life 518:, and the 454:Wilhelm II 211:Huis Doorn 187:1859-01-27 48:Wilhelm II 11883:William I 11504:See also 11237:Wilhelm I 11149:William I 10997:William I 10978:William I 10913:Francis I 10865:Joseph II 10860:Francis I 10840:Leopold I 10815:Rudolf II 10800:Charles V 10785:Albert II 10780:Sigismund 10736:Henry VII 10692:Conrad IV 10613:Henry III 10608:Conrad II 10540:(919–962) 10535:(911–919) 10491:(843–911) 10429:Friedrich 10298:Brunswick 10233:Oldenburg 9785:My Memoir 9585:0022-0094 9374:162815792 9318:cite book 8973:0018-2648 8851:142665542 8843:0026-4695 8696:164271343 8341:159993643 8333:0959-2296 8291:Shaw 1906 8275:Shaw 1906 8259:Shaw 1906 8244:6 January 8220:6 January 8126:6 January 7660:pp. 68–69 7591:16 August 7554:Röhl 1994 7383:Röhl 1994 7288:Röhl 1996 7276:Röhl 1996 7222:Röhl 2014 7168:2 October 7020:Hart 1919 6870:0362-4331 6837:0362-4331 6804:0362-4331 6657:Boyd 1966 6544:Röhl 1982 6241:Röhl 1996 5900:Röhl 2014 5852:Röhl 1998 5828:Hull 2004 5804:Clay 2006 5753:Röhl 1998 5741:Röhl 1998 5729:Röhl 1998 5712:Röhl 1998 5700:Röhl 1998 5688:Röhl 1998 5676:Röhl 1998 5078:Venezuela 4085:Oldenburg 3953:Meiningen 3885:Brunswick 3592:Max Koner 3448:Channel 4 3295:Own views 3034:Children 2779:liberated 2715:Upon the 2698:Wehrmacht 2567:Amerongen 2396:Early War 2267:July 1914 2198:Reichstag 2138:North Sea 2010:John Bull 1941:fishplate 1823:to reach 1805:Bethlehem 1801:Jerusalem 1773:Jerusalem 1759:in 1866. 1635:in 1910. 1425:'s book, 1298:Shogunate 1255:scapegoat 1216:with the 1157:‹See Tfd› 1074:dystopian 1038:Reichstag 1000:Accession 405:Signature 96:Successor 11756:in 1701. 11232:Emperors 10845:Joseph I 10820:Matthias 10741:Louis IV 10731:Albert I 10721:Rudolf I 10667:Henry VI 10618:Henry IV 10603:Henry II 10598:Otto III 10547:Conrad I 10503:Carloman 10403:Adolf II 10312:Ernst II 9733:(1922). 9649:(1998) ( 9384:(2011). 9160:(1996). 9040:Bismarck 8861:(2015). 8769:(1917). 8364:(2013). 8196:21 March 8042:Archived 7906:Archived 7784:17 March 6327:10 April 5632:See also 5093:Ancestry 4730:Portugal 4325:Bulgaria 4066:Schwerin 3391:Red Army 3313:Reformed 3301:Lutheran 3290:Religion 2935:swastika 2897:Admiral 2765:and the 2684:— 2457:'s play 2014:Marianne 1974:Society. 1867:Mehmed V 1843:— 1825:Damascus 1593:married 1421:Admiral 1126:In most 1052:and the 872:Children 576:de facto 390:Religion 122:See list 11453:family 11405:Italics 11173:; also 10757:Günther 10715:Alfonso 10709:Richard 10704:William 10677:Otto IV 10642:Henry V 10631:Hermann 10593:Otto II 10552:Henry I 10096:Bavaria 10078:Prussia 10033:Emperor 9797:at the 9776:of the 9772:in the 9756:YouTube 9706:at the 9543:(1935) 9503:(2015). 9496:(2000). 9366:2637924 8951:History 8304:Sources 7658:(1913) 6875:20 June 6842:21 June 6809:21 June 5638:Ålesund 4830:Romania 4413:Finland 4379:Denmark 4280:Belgium 3848:Bavaria 3613:Prussia 3540:37 Days 3466:series 3413:to the 3405:in the 3364:of the 2909:turned 2836:in 1925 2726:Leuthen 2673:pogroms 2451:Windsor 2366:Belgium 2291:(right) 2026:Tangier 1923:German. 1852:Baalbek 1793:Eyalets 1719:Namibia 1617:on the 1541:, King 1537:, Tsar 1531:Windsor 1476:at the 1344:improve 1113:Kartell 1090:Kartell 1064:. Even 1058:Okhrana 1048:of the 1042:Kartell 952:Potsdam 798:at the 760:(later 724:hypoxic 647:Wilhelm 643:Prussia 283: 275: 271: 260: 252: 248: 234:Spouses 11066:Albert 10768:Rupert 10672:Philip 10624:Rudolf 10588:Otto I 10564:Otto I 10558:Arnulf 10518:Arnulf 10280:Anhalt 10114:Saxony 9866:Vacant 9829: 9638: 9618:online 9605: 9583: 9561: 9545:online 9532: 9519:online 9479:Online 9464: 9423: 9392: 9372: 9364: 9259: 9238: 9217: 9196: 9168: 9146: 9106: 9087: 9066: 9047: 9026: 8988: 8971: 8938: 8918: 8899: 8869: 8849: 8841: 8810: 8779: 8755: 8722: 8694: 8663: 8631: 8610: 8583: 8562: 8543: 8522: 8501: 8468: 8443: 8401: 8374: 8356:online 8339: 8331: 8295:p. 415 8279:p. 423 8021: 7986:] 7259: 6868: 6835: 6802: 6204:Oilpro 5017: 4980:Sweden 4977: 4955: 4893:Serbia 4872: 4827: 4767:Russia 4764: 4727: 4675: 4644:Norway 4641: 4596: 4574: 4547: 4532: 4471: 4451:Hawaii 4448: 4433:Greece 4410: 4376: 4322: 4302:Brazil 4299: 4277: 4191: 4174: 4141:Saxony 4138: 4116: 4082: 3882: 3845: 3798: 3767:Anhalt 3764: 3505:Magnat 3464:BBC TV 3031:Spouse 2919:, and 2773:were " 2706:Führer 2615:Wealth 2491:Mutiny 2382:George 2247:Serbia 2047:Affair 1937:Bremen 1920:Attila 1813:Beirut 1591:Sophia 1333:, but 1161:German 1145:before 1076:novel 796:Kassel 750:Prince 699:ipecac 651:regent 619:Berlin 530:, and 514:, the 380:Mother 370:Father 222:Burial 11169:also 10774:Jobst 10726:Adolf 10374:Lippe 10261:Dukes 10179:Hesse 10161:Baden 10059:Kings 9831:Died: 9824:Born: 9787:from 9440:[ 9370:S2CID 9362:JSTOR 8847:S2CID 8692:S2CID 8337:S2CID 8263:p. 65 8090:(PDF) 7988:(PDF) 7982:[ 7817:p. 62 7156:(PDF) 6355:–321. 6321:(PDF) 6314:(PDF) 6177:(PDF) 6170:(PDF) 5595:Notes 4958:Spain 4550:Japan 4474:Italy 4034:Lippe 3801:Baden 3028:Death 3025:Birth 2866:Death 2792:that 2781:from 2763:Satan 2571:Doorn 2386:Nicky 2378:uncle 2277:Liège 1821:Zahlé 1809:Jaffa 1797:Haifa 1717:(now 1306:Kyoto 1238:Punch 1231:" by 1175:Baron 711:ergot 359:House 344:Names 293:Issue 277:( 273: 254:( 250: 215:Doorn 76:Reign 11449:and 11269:) • 9928:and 9896:and 9636:ISBN 9603:ISBN 9581:ISSN 9559:ISBN 9530:ISBN 9462:ISBN 9421:ISBN 9390:ISBN 9324:link 9282:2012 9257:ISBN 9236:ISBN 9215:ISBN 9194:ISBN 9166:ISBN 9144:ISBN 9104:ISBN 9085:ISBN 9064:ISBN 9045:ISBN 9024:ISBN 8986:ISBN 8969:ISSN 8936:ISBN 8916:ISBN 8897:ISBN 8867:ISBN 8839:ISSN 8808:ISBN 8777:ISBN 8753:ISBN 8720:ISBN 8661:ISBN 8629:ISBN 8608:ISBN 8581:ISBN 8560:ISBN 8541:ISBN 8520:ISBN 8499:ISBN 8484:2017 8466:ISBN 8441:ISBN 8399:ISBN 8372:ISBN 8329:ISSN 8246:2018 8222:2018 8198:2019 8172:2019 8128:2018 8019:ISBN 7996:2020 7950:2019 7786:2021 7758:2018 7719:2018 7639:2018 7593:2019 7497:2017 7257:ISBN 7170:2016 6877:2022 6866:ISSN 6844:2022 6833:ISSN 6811:2022 6800:ISSN 6406:2012 6378:2012 6329:2018 6293:2006 6216:2016 6185:2016 6011:2022 5544:15. 5486:14. 5424:13. 5366:12. 5302:11. 5244:10. 5041:1888 4922:Siam 4860:1906 4814:1872 4805:1872 4796:1872 4787:1872 4778:1872 4745:1888 4460:1881 4345:1912 4265:1914 4255:1872 4204:1877 4181:1914 4127:1877 3944:1877 3905:1914 3896:1881 3859:1881 3812:1877 3786:1914 3777:1884 3714:1914 3627:1877 3022:Name 2669:Auwi 2384:and 2237:1909 2106:Puck 2094:and 1893:Huns 1883:The 1819:and 1817:Aley 1803:and 1561:and 1549:and 1188:and 1154:as ( 1044:, a 774:dirk 764:and 625:—to 487:and 460:and 201:Died 179:Born 36:and 11752:as 10431:of 10416:of 10405:of 10394:of 10383:of 10372:of 10350:of 10332:of 10314:of 10296:of 10278:of 10249:of 10231:of 10213:of 10195:of 10177:of 10159:of 10130:of 10112:of 10094:of 10076:of 9923:as 9891:as 9778:ZBW 9763:at 9754:on 9697:at 9575:". 9354:doi 9127:doi 8959:doi 8831:doi 8800:doi 8684:doi 8680:179 8604:188 8422:doi 8418:111 8391:doi 8321:doi 8048:", 7697:934 7693:551 7161:Ken 6353:320 5512:7. 5450:3. 5392:6. 5328:1. 5270:5. 5208:2. 5182:9. 5150:4. 5124:8. 4068:), 3955:), 2519:SPD 2121:at 1740:to 1736:of 1601:to 495:of 12271:: 12252:^• 12240:^§ 12225:^§ 12213:^§ 12190:^§ 12178:^§ 12166:^• 12159:^§ 12131:^§ 12119:^• 12087:^• 11261:• 11257:• 11253:: 11243:• 11239:• 11235:: 9739:. 9719:. 9657:). 9368:. 9360:. 9350:16 9348:. 9320:}} 9316:{{ 9123:26 9121:. 8967:, 8955:86 8953:, 8845:, 8837:, 8827:42 8825:, 8806:. 8690:. 8606:. 8464:, 8416:. 8397:. 8354:. 8335:, 8327:, 8317:11 8315:, 8188:. 8143:, 8070:54 7940:, 7889:34 7777:. 7766:^ 7727:^ 7695:, 7691:, 7679:, 7666:^ 7647:^ 7618:^ 7601:^ 7582:. 7546:^ 7485:. 7431:. 7241:^ 7178:^ 7158:. 7095:. 6905:. 6860:. 6827:. 6798:. 6794:. 6565:. 6511:^ 6496:^ 6386:^ 6361:^ 6301:^ 6272:^ 6202:. 6119:^ 6103:^ 6002:. 5784:^ 5719:^ 5084:, 5061:, 5050:, 5039:, 5029:, 5023:: 4988:, 4982:: 4965:, 4961:: 4940:, 4930:, 4924:: 4901:, 4895:: 4881:, 4877:: 4858:, 4848:, 4839:, 4833:: 4794:, 4785:, 4776:, 4770:: 4739:, 4733:: 4686:, 4680:: 4661:, 4646:: 4627:, 4617:, 4607:, 4601:: 4584:, 4557:, 4518:, 4514:: 4498:, 4483:, 4477:: 4458:, 4435:: 4415:: 4396:, 4387:, 4381:: 4353:, 4343:, 4334:, 4328:: 4309:, 4305:: 4263:, 4253:, 4246:: 4212:, 4202:, 4196:: 4160:, 4150:, 4144:: 4125:, 4121:: 4102:, 4087:: 4052:: 4009:, 4002:: 3986:, 3942:, 3935:: 3903:, 3894:, 3888:: 3867:, 3857:, 3851:: 3830:, 3820:, 3810:, 3803:: 3784:, 3775:, 3769:: 3720:, 3716:; 3703:, 3693:, 3683:, 3673:, 3663:, 3653:, 3634:, 3621:, 3615:: 3450:, 3446:, 2739:My 2529:. 2525:, 2008:: 1986:. 1969:: 1869:. 1729:. 1687:. 1646:. 1581:, 1577:, 1557:, 1402:. 1288:, 1163:: 526:, 279:m. 256:m. 213:, 11732:e 11725:t 11718:v 11538:e 11531:t 11524:v 11438:e 11431:t 11424:v 11265:( 11207:e 11200:t 11193:v 11041:e 11034:t 11027:v 10468:e 10461:t 10454:v 10420:- 10016:e 10009:t 10002:v 9642:. 9620:. 9609:. 9567:. 9547:. 9536:. 9521:. 9470:. 9450:. 9429:. 9409:. 9398:. 9376:. 9356:: 9326:) 9302:. 9265:. 9244:. 9223:. 9202:. 9174:. 9152:. 9133:. 9129:: 9112:. 9093:. 9072:. 9053:. 9032:. 8994:. 8976:. 8961:: 8944:. 8906:. 8875:. 8854:. 8833:: 8816:. 8802:: 8785:. 8761:. 8728:. 8709:. 8698:. 8686:: 8669:. 8637:. 8616:. 8589:. 8568:. 8549:. 8528:. 8507:. 8487:. 8449:. 8428:. 8424:: 8407:. 8393:: 8380:. 8344:. 8323:: 8297:. 8281:. 8265:. 8200:. 8174:. 8072:. 8027:. 8002:. 7891:. 7788:. 7760:. 7721:. 7689:6 7685:1 7641:. 7595:. 7568:. 7541:. 7499:. 7435:. 7338:. 7265:. 7172:. 7069:. 6879:. 6846:. 6813:. 6671:. 6659:. 6609:. 6408:. 6380:. 6331:. 6295:. 6218:. 6187:. 6013:. 3951:( 3577:. 3555:. 3543:. 3534:. 3508:. 3496:. 3484:. 3472:. 3368:. 2359:. 2163:( 1565:. 1369:) 1363:( 1358:) 1354:( 1340:. 1227:" 934:e 927:t 920:v 400:) 396:( 189:) 185:( 40:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index