Educational technology

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technology to augment lessons and enhance learning. Some options that are age-appropriate are video- or audio-recording of their creations, introducing them to the use of the internet through browsing age-appropriate websites, providing assistive technology to allow disabled children to participate with the rest of their peers, educational apps, electronic books, and educational videos. There are many free and paid educational website and apps that are directly targeting the educational needs of preschool children. These include Starfall, ABC mouse, PBS Kids Video, Teach me, and Montessori crosswords. Educational technology in the form of electronic books offer preschool children the option to store and retrieve several books on one device, thus bringing together the traditional action of reading along with the use of educational technology. Educational technology is also thought to improve hand-eye coordination, language skills, visual attention, and motivation to complete educational tasks, and allows children to experience things they otherwise would not. There are several keys to making the most educational use of introducing technology at the preschool level: technology must be used appropriately, should allow access to learning opportunities, should include the interaction of parents and other adults with the preschool children, and should be developmentally appropriate. Allowing access to learning opportunities especially for allowing disabled children to have access to learning opportunities, giving bilingual children the opportunity to communicate and learn in more than one language, bringing in more information about STEM subjects, and bringing in images of diversity that may be lacking in the child's immediate environment.

2461: 1449: 1886:(LMS) is software used for delivering, tracking, and managing training and education. It tracks data about attendance, time on task, and student progress. Educators can post announcements, grade assignments, check on course activities, and participate in class discussions. Students can submit their work, read and respond to discussion questions, and take quizzes. An LMS may allow teachers, administrators, and students, and permitted additional parties (such as parents, if appropriate) to track various metrics. LMSs range from systems for managing training/educational records to software for distributing courses over the Internet and offering features for online collaboration. The creation and maintenance of comprehensive learning content require substantial initial and ongoing investments in human labor. Effective translation into other languages and cultural contexts requires even more investment by knowledgeable personnel. 2638:(MOOCs), although quite popular in discussions of technology and education in developed countries (more so in the US), are not a major concern in most developing or low-income countries. One of the stated goals of MOOCs is to provide less fortunate populations (i.e., in developing countries) an opportunity to experience courses with US-style content and structure. However, research shows only 3% of the registrants are from low-income countries, and although many courses have thousands of registered students only 5-10% of them complete the course. This can be attributed to lack of staff support, course difficulty, and low levels of engagement with peers. MOOCs also implies that certain curriculum and teaching methods are superior, and this could eventually wash over (or possibly washing out) local educational institutions, cultural norms, and educational traditions. 755: 2354: 2658:

energy levels, but, over time, actually augment memory, impair cognition, lead to depression, and alter the neural circuitry of the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex. These are the brain regions that control mood and thought. If unchecked, the underlying structure of the brain could be altered. Overstimulation due to technology may begin too young. When children are exposed before the age of seven, important developmental tasks may be delayed, and bad learning habits might develop, which "deprives children of the exploration and play that they need to develop." Media psychology is an emerging specialty field that embraces electronic devices and the sensory behaviors occurring from the use of educational technology in learning.

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Jenkins also suggested that the traditional school curriculum guided teachers to train students to be autonomous problem solvers. However, today's workers are increasingly asked to work in teams, drawing on different sets of expertise, and collaborating to solve problems. Learning styles and the methods of collecting information have evolved, and "students often feel locked out of the worlds described in their textbooks through the depersonalized and abstract prose used to describe them". These twenty-first-century skills can be attained through the incorporation and engagement with technology. Changes in instruction and use of technology can also promote a higher level of learning among students with different types of intelligence.

2214:(ITS) and their application in enhancing educational experiences. They are designed to provide immediate and personalized feedback to students. The incentive to develop ITS comes from educational studies showing that individual tutoring is much more effective than group teaching, in addition to the need for promoting learning on a larger scale. Over the years, a combination of Cognitive science and data-driven techniques have greatly enhanced the capabilities of ITS, allowing it to model a wide range of students' characteristics, such as knowledge, affect, off-task behavior, and wheel spinning. There is ample evidence that ITS are highly effective in helping students learn. ITS can be used to keep students in the 772:

started primarily in the late 1900s when institutions and businesses started to make products to assist students' learning. These groups desired a need to further develop educational services across the globe, primarily to developing countries. In 1960, the University of Illinois created a system of linked computer terminals, known as the Intranet, to give students access to recorded lectures and course materials that they could watch or use in their free time. This type of concept, called PLATO (programmed logic for automatic teaching operations), was rapidly introduced throughout the globe. Many institutions adopted this similar technique while the internet was in its developmental phase.

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independently solve problems. There are no intrinsic age-based restrictions on difficulty level, i.e. students can go at their own pace. Students editing their written work on word processors improve the quality of their writing. According to some studies, the students are better at critiquing and editing written work that is exchanged over a computer network with students they know. Studies completed in "computer intensive" settings found increases in student-centric, cooperative, and higher-order learning, writing skills, problem-solving, and using technology. In addition, attitudes toward technology as a learning tool by parents, students, and teachers are also improved.

2628:, a 2007 University of Washington study on the vocabulary of babies surveyed over 1,000 parents in Washington and Minnesota. The study found that for every hour that babies 8–16 months of age watched DVDs and videos, they knew 6-8 fewer of 90 common baby words than the babies that did not watch them. Andrew Meltzoff, a surveyor in this study, states that the result makes sense, that if the baby's "alert time" is spent in front of DVDs and TV, instead of with people speaking, the babies are not going to get the same linguistic experience. Dimitri Chistakis, another surveyor reported that the evidence is mounting that baby DVDs are of no value and may be harmful. 2752:, large amounts of personal data on children are collected by electronic devices that are distributed in schools in the United States. Often, far more information than necessary is collected, uploaded, and stored indefinitely. Aside from name and date of birth, this information can include the child's browsing history, search terms, location data, contact lists, as well as behavioral information. Parents are not informed or, if informed, have little choice. According to the report, this constant surveillance resulting from educational technology can "warp children's privacy expectations, lead them to self-censor, and limit their creativity". In a 2018 2654:

generation, "Their brains are rewarded not for staying on task, but for jumping to the next thing. The worry is we're raising a generation of kids in front of screens whose brains are going to be wired differently." Students have always faced distractions; computers and cell phones are a particular challenge because the stream of data can interfere with focusing and learning. Although these technologies affect adults too, young people may be more influenced by it as their developing brains can easily become habituated to switching tasks and become unaccustomed to sustaining attention. Too much information, coming too rapidly, can overwhelm thinking.

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and/or adaptive concepts in learning (Termos, 2012). Under this framework, the role of the teacher becomes that of a facilitator, providing guidance so that learners can construct their own knowledge. Constructivist educators must make sure that the prior learning experiences are appropriate and related to the concepts being taught. Jonassen (1997) suggests "well-structured" learning environments are useful for novice learners and that "ill-structured" environments are only useful for more advanced learners. Educators utilizing a constructivist perspective may emphasize an

2373: 2772: 2277: 1692: 1681: 350:, Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) argue "EdTech is no exception to industry ownership and market rules" and "define the EdTech industries as all the privately owned companies currently involved in the financing, production and distribution of commercial hardware, software, cultural goods, services and platforms for the educational market with the goal of turning a profit. Many of these companies are US-based and rapidly expanding into educational markets across North America, and increasingly growing all over the world." 2784:

systems, learning analytic traces, longitudinal graduate outcomes, attendance records, social media activity, and so on. The copious amounts of information collected are quantified for the marketization of higher education, employing this data as a means to demonstrate and compare student performance across institutions to attract prospective students, mirroring the capitalistic notion of ensuring efficient market functioning and constant improvement through measurement. This desire of data has fueled the exploitation of

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these responses, they are able to know how they are doing in the class which can help push them to improve or give them confidence that they are doing well. Technology also allows for different kinds of summative assessment, such as digital presentations, videos, or anything else the teacher/students may come up with, which allows different learners to show what they learned more effectively. Teachers can also use technology to post graded assessments online for students to have a better idea of what a good project is.

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learning and are accessible to a wider audience. Course materials are easy to access. In 2010, 70.3% of American family households had access to the internet. In 2013, according to Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission Canada, 79% of homes have access to the internet. Students can access and engage with numerous online resources at home. Using online resources can help students spend more time on specific aspects of what they may be learning in school but at home. Schools like the

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guidance, depending on how long it takes them to complete the assignment. Many tools used for these courses are but are not limited to: videos, class discussions, and group projects. Through online courses, students can earn their diplomas faster, or repeat failed courses without being in a class with younger students. Students have access to various enrichment courses in online learning, still participate in college courses, internships, sports, or work, and still graduate with their classes.

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videos, learning management systems, interactive tools, and other web-based resources. Some advantages of flipped learning include improved learning performance, enhanced student satisfaction and engagement, flexibility in learning, and increased interaction opportunities between students and instructors. On the other hand, the disadvantages of flipped learning involve challenges related to student motivation, internet accessibility, quality of videos, and increased workload for teachers.

2516:, offer a wide range of disciplines at no charge, while others permit students to audit a course at no charge but require a small fee for accreditation. MOOCs have not had a significant impact on higher education and declined after the initial expansion, but are expected to remain in some form. Lately, MOOCs are used by smaller universities to profile themselves with highly specialized courses for special-interest audiences, as for example in a course on technological privacy compliance. 1875: 2802: 2683:

production itself, thereby redefining what is meant by "work" in such a setting. In education, standardized testing has arguably redefined the notions of learning and assessment. We rarely explicitly reflect on how strange a notion it is that a number between, say, 0 and 100 could accurately reflect a person's knowledge about the world. According to Winner, the recurring patterns in everyday life tend to become an unconscious process that we learn to take for granted. Winner writes,

831:. Even in recent years, videoconferencing has risen in popularity to reach over 20,000 students across the United States and Canada in 2008–2009. Disadvantages of this form of educational technology are readily apparent: image and sound quality are often grainy or pixelated; videoconferencing requires setting up a type of mini-television studio within the museum for broadcast; space becomes an issue; and specialized equipment is required for both the provider and the participant. 14249: 13262: 13272: 12484: 2618:

maintained much of a foothold in the daily practices of mainstream, formal education. Technology, in and of itself, does not necessarily result in fundamental improvements to educational practice. The focus needs to be on the learner's interaction with technology—not the technology itself. It needs to be recognized as "ecological" rather than "additive" or "subtractive". In this ecological change, one significant change will create total change.

1962: 1730: 664: 2881:(CRS). A CRS is a tool in which the students each have a handheld device that partners up with the teacher's computer. The instructor then asks multiple choice or true or false questions and the students answer on their devices. Depending on the software used, the answers may then be shown on a graph so students and the teacher can see the percentage of students who gave each answer and the teacher can focus on what went wrong. 2266: 2602:

feedback on answers and promoting collaboration in solving problems. The benefits of app-assisted learning have been exhibited in all age groups. Kindergarten students that use iPads show much higher rates of literacy than non-users. Medical students at the University of California Irvine that utilized iPad academically have been reported to score 23% higher on national exams than in previous classes that did not.

14259: 3070: 11513: 882:, during the 2006–2007 academic year about 66% of postsecondary public and private schools participating in student financial aid programs offered some distance learning courses; records show 77% of enrollment in for-credit courses with an online component. In 2008, the Council of Europe passed a statement endorsing e-learning's potential to drive equality and education improvements across the EU. 448: 14237: 5540: 2642:

method is done by creating multiple accounts to survey questions and gather information which can be assimilated so that the master account is able to fill in the correct answers. Smartphones can be very easy to hide and use inconspicuously, especially if their use is normalized in the classroom. These disadvantages can be managed with strict rules and regulations on mobile phone use.

888:(CMC) is between learners and instructors, mediated by the computer. In contrast, CBT/CBL usually means individualized (self-study) learning, while CMC involves educator/tutor facilitation and requires the scalarization of flexible learning activities. In addition, modern ICT provides education with tools for sustaining learning communities and associated knowledge management tasks. 387:, and in a given context may refer to theoretical, algorithmic or heuristic processes: it does not necessarily imply physical technology. Educational technology is the process of integrating technology into education in a positive manner that promotes a more diverse learning environment and a way for students to learn how to use technology as well as their common assignments. 751:, out of all students that are earning a bachelor's degree, 80% earn two-thirds of their requirements online. Also, in 2014, 2.85 million students out of 5.8 million students that took courses online, took all of their courses online. From this information, it can be concluded that the number of students taking classes online is on a steady increase. 2369:, and students whose parents would like to homeschool but do not feel qualified. Online schools create a haven for students to receive a quality education while almost completely avoiding these common problems. Online charter schools also often are not limited by location, income level, or class size in the way brick and mortar charter schools are. 1813:, which allows for instant playback of any class over the course of the school year. This can be extremely useful for students to retrieve missed material or review concepts for an upcoming exam. Parents and auditors have the conceptual ability to monitor any classroom to ensure that they are satisfied with the education the learner is receiving. 1809:

be helpful for students who may find the freedom of asynchronous learning to be overwhelming. Besides, the virtual classroom provides a social learning environment that replicates the traditional "brick and mortar" classroom. Most virtual classroom applications provide a recording feature. Each class is recorded and stored on a

572:, using an individualized interface and materials, which accommodate to an individual, who thus receives personally differentiated instruction, with ubiquitous access to digital resources and learning opportunities in a range of places and at various times, has been termed smart learning. Smart learning is a component of the 911:. The pandemic's extended lockdowns and focus on distance learning has attracted record-breaking amounts of venture capital to the ed-tech sector. In 2020, in the United States alone, ed-tech startups raised $ 1.78 billion in venture capital spanning 265 deals, compared to $ 1.32 billion in 2019. 1107:, ideally involving real-world scenarios, in which students are actively engaged in critical thinking activities. An illustrative discussion and example can be found in the 1980s deployment of constructivist cognitive learning in computer literacy, which involved programming as an instrument of learning. 3011:

activity was estimated at $ 6 billion venture capital over the past five years, with self-paced learning generating $ 35.6 billion in 2011. North American e-learning generated $ 23.3 billion in revenue in 2013, with a 9% growth rate in cloud-based authoring tools and learning platforms.

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in higher education due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to enhanced extraction of student data enabled by complex data infrastructures. These infrastructures collect information such as learning management system logins, library metrics, impact measurements, teacher evaluation frameworks, assessment

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By far, the greatest latitude of choice exists the very first time a particular instrument, system, or technique is introduced. Because choices tend to become strongly fixed in material equipment, economic investment, and social habit, the original flexibility vanishes for all practical purposes once

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According to Lai, "the learning environment is a complex system where the interplay and interactions of many things impact the outcome of learning." When technology is brought into an educational setting, the pedagogical setting changes in that technology-driven teaching can change the entire meaning

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Technology is "rapidly and profoundly altering our brains." High exposure levels stimulate brain cell alteration and release neurotransmitters, which causes the strengthening of some neural pathways and the weakening of others. This leads to heightened stress levels on the brain that, at first, boost

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Electronic devices such as cell phones and computers facilitate rapid access to a stream of sources, each of which may receive cursory attention. Michel Rich, an associate professor at Harvard Medical School and executive director of the center on Media and Child Health in Boston, said of the digital

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Adaptive instructional materials tailor questions to each student's ability and calculate their scores, but this encourages students to work individually rather than socially or collaboratively (Kruse, 2013). Social relationships are important, but high-tech environments may compromise the balance of

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Effective technology use deploys multiple evidence-based strategies concurrently (e.g. adaptive content, frequent testing, immediate feedback, etc.), as do effective teachers. Using computers or other forms of technology can give students practice on core content and skills while the teacher can work

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Online college course enrollment has seen a 29% increase in enrollment with nearly one-third of all college students, or an estimated 6.7 million students are currently enrolled in online classes. In 2009, 44% of post-secondary students in the USA were taking some or all of their courses online,

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tool that aims at streamlining every aspect of the training process: planning (training plan and budget forecasting), logistics (scheduling and resource management), financials (cost tracking, profitability), reporting, and sales for-profit training providers. A training management system can be used

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is a group-based learning approach in which learners are mutually engaged in a coordinated fashion to achieve a learning goal or complete a learning task. With recent developments in smartphone technology, the processing powers and storage capabilities of modern mobiles allow for advanced development

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Further, many researchers distinguish between collaborative and cooperative approaches to group learning. For example, Roschelle and Teasley (1995) argue that "cooperation is accomplished by the division of labor among participants, as an activity where each person is responsible for a portion of the

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Assessing learning in a CBT is often by assessments that can be easily scored by a computer such as multiple-choice questions, drag-and-drop, radio button, simulation, or other interactive means. Assessments are easily scored and recorded via online software, providing immediate end-user feedback and

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refers to exchanging ideas and information with one or more participants during the same period. Examples are face-to-face discussion, online real-time live teacher instruction and feedback, Skype conversations, and chat rooms or virtual classrooms where everyone is online and working collaboratively

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learning, technology-enhanced learning (TEL), computer-based instruction (CBI), computer managed instruction, computer-based training (CBT), computer-assisted instruction or computer-aided instruction (CAI), internet-based training (IBT), flexible learning, web-based training (WBT), online education,

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With the Internet and social media, using educational apps makes students highly susceptible to distraction and sidetracking. Even though proper use has been shown to increase student performance, being distracted would be detrimental. Another disadvantage is an increased potential for cheating. One

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surveyed for an August 2010 report said that if two candidates with the same level of experience were applying for a job, it would not have any kind of effect whether the candidate's obtained degree was acquired through an online or a traditional school. Seventy-nine percent said they had employed a

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Students appreciate the convenience of e-learning, but report greater engagement in face-to-face learning environments. Colleges and universities are working towards combating this issue by utilizing WEB 2.0 technologies as well as incorporating more mentorships between students and faculty members.

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National private schools are also available online. These provide the benefits of e-learning to students in states where charter online schools are not available. They also may allow students greater flexibility and exemption from state testing. Some of these schools are available at the high school

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software enables students and instructors to communicate with each other via webcam, microphone, and real-time chatting in a group setting. Participants can raise their hands, answer polls, or take tests. Students can whiteboard and screencast when given rights by the instructor, who sets permission

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allow learners and instructors to write on the touch screen. The screen markup can be on either a blank whiteboard or any computer screen content. Depending on permission settings, this visual learning can be interactive and participatory, including writing and manipulating images on the interactive

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sites are virtual communities for people interested in a particular subject to communicate by voice, chat, instant message, video conference, or blogs. The National School Boards Association found that 96% of students with online access have used social networking technologies and more than 50% talk

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Collaborative apps allow students and teachers to interact while studying. Apps are designed after games, which provide a fun way to revise. When the experience is enjoyable, the students become more engaged. Games also usually come with a sense of progression, which can help keep students motivated

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However, CBTs pose some learning challenges. Typically, the creation of effective CBTs requires enormous resources. The software for developing CBTs is often more complex than a subject matter expert or teacher is able to use. The lack of human interaction can limit both the type of content that can

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There are no restrictions on the types of tests that can use e-marking, with e-marking applications designed to accommodate multiple choice, written, and even video submissions for performance examinations. E-marking software is used by individual educational institutions and can also be rolled out

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Summative assessments are more common in classrooms and are usually set up to be more easily graded, as they take the form of tests or projects with specific grading schemes. One huge benefit of tech-based testing is the option to give students immediate feedback on their answers. When students get

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keyboard. The QWERTY arrangement of letters on the keyboard was originally chosen, not because it was the most efficient for typing, but because early typewriters were prone to jam when adjacent keys were struck in quick succession. Now that typing has become a digital process, this is no longer an

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The use of educational apps generally has a positive effect on learning. Pre- and post-tests have revealed that the use of educational apps on mobile devices reduces the achievement gap between struggling and average students. Some educational apps improve group work by allowing students to receive

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provides an opportunity for students to receive direct instruction from a qualified teacher in an interactive environment. Learners can have direct and immediate access to their instructor for instant feedback and direction. The virtual classroom provides a structured schedule of classes, which can

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allows users to share their screens directly from their browser and make the video available online so that other viewers can stream the video directly. The presenter thus has the ability to show their ideas and flow of thoughts rather than simply explain them as simple text content. In combination

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Social technologies like Twitter can provide students with an archive of free data that goes back multiple decades. Many classrooms and educators are already taking advantage of this free resource—for example, researchers and educators at the University of Central Florida in 2011 used Tweets posted

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has a primary focus on how learners construct their own meaning from new information, as they interact with reality and with other learners who bring different perspectives. Constructivist learning environments require students to use their prior knowledge and experiences to formulate new, related,

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Digitized communication and networking in education started in the mid-1980s. Educational institutions began to take advantage of the new medium by offering distance learning courses using computer networking for information. Early e-learning systems, based on computer-based learning/training often

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makes a similar point by arguing that the underdevelopment of the philosophy of technology leaves us with an overly simplistic reduction in our discourse to the supposedly dichotomous notions of the "making" versus the "uses" of new technologies and that a narrow focus on "use" leads us to believe

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New technologies are frequently accompanied by unrealistic hype and promise regarding their transformative power to change education for the better or in allowing better educational opportunities to reach the masses. Examples include silent film, broadcast radio, and television, none of which have

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Modern educational technology can improve access to education, including full degree programs. It enables better integration for non-full-time students, particularly in continuing education, and improved interactions between students and instructors. Learning material can be used for long-distance

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is also becoming part of the early learning curriculum and preschool-aged children can benefit from experiences that teach coding skills even in a screen-free way. There are activities and games that teach hands-on coding skills that prepare students for the coding concepts they will encounter and

2029:) ranges from automated multiple-choice tests to more sophisticated systems. With some systems, feedback can be geared towards a student's specific mistakes, or the computer can navigate the student through a series of questions adapting to what the student appears to have learned or not learned. 1859:

AR technology plays an important role in the future of the classroom where human -I co-orchestration takes place seamlessly. Students would switch between individual and collaborative learning dynamically, based on their own learning pace, while teachers, with the help of AR, monitor the classroom

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model were established as theoretical frameworks. Computer science and information technology have had a major influence on cognitive science theory. The cognitive concepts of working memory (formerly known as short-term memory) and long-term memory have been facilitated by research and technology

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is not found in its ability to establish a method for distance learning, but rather in its power to make this type of learning process more efficient by providing a medium in which the instructor and their students can virtually interact with one another in real-time. The topic of online education

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Neil Postman endorsed the notion that technology impacts human cultures, including the culture of classrooms, and that this is a consideration even more important than considering the efficiency of new technology as a tool for teaching. Regarding the computer's impact on education, Postman writes

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Winner viewed technology as a "form of life" that not only aids human activity, but that also represents a powerful force in reshaping that activity and its meaning. For example, the use of robots in the industrial workplace may increase productivity, but they also radically change the process of

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schools in the United States as well as private schools. Some e-learning environments take place in a traditional classroom; others allow students to attend classes from home or other locations. There are several states that are utilizing virtual school platforms for e-learning across the country

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are easy to program, some can run Linux and connect to devices such as sensors, displays, LEDs and robotics. These are cost effective computing devices ideal for learning programming, which work with cloud computing and the Internet of Things. The Internet of things refers to a type of network to

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This is an instructional strategy where the majority of the initial learning occurs first at home using technology. Then, students will engage with higher-order learning tasks in the classroom with the teacher. Often, online tools are used for the individual at-home learning, such as: educational

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Educational technologists and psychologists apply basic educational and psychological research into an evidence-based applied science (or a technology) of learning or instruction. In research, these professions typically require a graduate degree (Master's, Doctorate, PhD, or D.Phil.) in a field

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by platform companies and data service providers who are outsourced by institutions for their services. The monetization of student data in order to integrate corporate models of marketization further pushes higher education, widely regarded as a public good, into a privatized commercial sector.

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There is an assumption that technology is inherently interesting so it must be helpful in education; based on research by Daniel Willingham, that is not always the case. He argues that it does not necessarily matter what the technological medium is, but whether or not the content is engaging and

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E-Learning and Educational Technology is used by governmental bodies to train staff and civil service. However, government agencies also have an interest in promoting digital technology use, and improving skills amongst the people they serve. Educational Technology has been used in such training

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MOOCs have been observed to lose the majority of their initial course participants. In a study performed by Cornell and Stanford universities, student-drop-out rates from MOOCs have been attributed to student anonymity, the solitude of the learning experience, and to the lack of interaction with

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schools do so. Private institutions may become more involved with online presentations as the costs decrease. Properly trained staff must also be hired to work with students online. These staff members need to understand the content area, and also be highly trained in the use of the computer and

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have explored how digital devices are used to enable effective learning outcomes, and create systems that can support teachers. Digital technology can improve teaching and learning by motivating students with engaging, interactive, and fun learning environments. These online interactions enable

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The five key sectors of the e-learning industry are consulting, content, technologies, services, and support. Worldwide, e-learning was estimated in 2000 to be over $ 48 billion according to conservative estimates. Commercial growth has been brisk. In 2014, the worldwide commercial market

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According to Jenkins, "Rather than dealing with each technology in isolation, we would do better to take an ecological approach, thinking about the interrelationship among different communication technologies, the cultural communities that grow up around them, and the activities they support."

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considered the word "technology" itself as problematic, susceptible to reification and "phantom objectivity", which conceals its fundamental nature as something that is only valuable insofar as it benefits the human condition. Technology ultimately comes down to affecting the relations between

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According to James Kulik, who studies the effectiveness of computers used for instruction, students usually learn more in less time when receiving computer-based instruction, and they like classes more and develop more positive attitudes toward computers in computer-based classes. Students can

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Social technology, and social media specifically, provides avenues for student learning that would not be available otherwise. For example, it provides ordinary students a chance to exist in the same room as, and share a dialogue with researchers, politicians, and activists. This is because it

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online courses, students are allowed the freedom to complete work at their own pace. Being non-traditional students, they can manage their daily life and school and still have the social aspect. Asynchronous collaborations allow the student to reach out for help when needed and provide helpful

1171:. Synchronous learning occurs in real-time, with all participants interacting at the same time. In contrast, asynchronous learning is self-paced and allows participants to engage in the exchange of ideas or information without the dependency on other participants' involvement at the same time. 1065:

There are two separate schools of cognitivism, and these are the cognitivist and social cognitivist. The former focuses on the understanding of the thinking or cognitive processes of an individual while the latter includes social processes as influences in learning besides cognition. These two

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in education technology relies on students analyzing their strengths, weaknesses, and areas where improvement is possible to set realistic goals in learning, improve their educational performances and track their progress. One of the unique tools for self-assessment made possible by education

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At the preschool level, technology can be introduced in several ways. At the most basic is the use of computers, tablets, and audio and video resources in classrooms. Additionally, there are many resources available for parents and educators to introduce technology to young children or to use

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or handheld devices such as a tablet or smartphone. CBT initially delivered content via CD-ROM, and typically presented content linearly, much like reading an online book or manual. For this reason, CBT is often used to teach static processes, such as using software or completing mathematical

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There have been various use cases in education, including providing personalized feedback, brainstorming classroom activities, support for students with special needs, streamlining administrative tasks, and simplifying assessment processes. However, there are concerns that GenAI's can output

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in Britain and the University of British Columbia (where Web CT, now incorporated into Blackboard Inc., was first developed) began a revolution of using the Internet to deliver learning, making heavy use of web-based training, online distance learning, and online discussion between students.

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I came across an AI ( Gmindai.Ai) specifically created for Educators with features like Curriculum Planner, Lesson Note maker,slide maker, humanizer and many other great features, I believe it will bridge the gap of hallucination perhaps perceived by GenAI while we work on the regulation.

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In the US, state and federal government increased funding, as well as private venture capital, has been flowing into the education sector. However, as of 2013, none were looking at technology return on investment (ROI) to connect expenditures on technology with improved student outcomes.

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Each of these numerous terms has had its advocates, who point up potential distinctive features. However, many terms and concepts in educational technology have been defined nebulously. For example, Singh and Thurman cite over 45 definitions for online learning. Moreover, Moore saw these

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E-learning also has been rising as a supplement to the traditional classroom. Students with special talents or interests outside of the available curricula use e-learning to advance their skills or exceed grade restrictions. Some online institutions connect students with instructors via

2578:(MIT) have made certain course materials free online. Although some aspects of a classroom setting are missed by using these resources, they are helpful tools to add additional support to the educational system. The necessity to pay for transport to the educational facility is removed. 1151:" may refer to classroom aids and laptops, or may refer to approaches in which traditional classroom time is reduced but not eliminated, and is replaced with some online learning. "Distributed learning" may describe either the e-learning component of a hybrid approach, or fully online 2138:

Pedagogical elements are defined as structures or units of educational material. They are the educational content that is to be delivered. These units are independent of format, meaning that although the unit may be delivered in various ways, the pedagogical structures themselves are

1113:, a programming language, embodied an attempt to integrate Piagetian ideas with computers and technology. Initially there were broad, hopeful claims, including "perhaps the most controversial claim" that it would "improve general problem-solving skills" across disciplines. However, 895:

2015 was the first year that private nonprofit organizations enrolled more online students than for-profits, although public universities still enrolled the highest number of online students. In the fall of 2015, more than 6 million students enrolled in at least one online course.

353:

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains including

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at the same time. Since students are working collaboratively, synchronized learning helps students become more open-minded because they have to actively listen and learn from their peers. Synchronized learning fosters online awareness and improves many students' writing skills.

374:(AECT) has defined educational technology as "the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources". It denotes instructional technology as "the theory and practice of 1317:, cloud-based document portals, discussion groups and virtual worlds. This phenomenon has been referred to as Long Tail Learning. Advocates of social learning claim that one of the best ways to learn something is to teach it to others. Social networks have been used to foster 1032:

theories look beyond behavior to explain brain-based learning by considering how human memory works to promote learning. It refers to learning as "all processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used" by the human mind. The

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provision. For example, in the UK, the Skills Bootcamp scheme aims to improve the skillset of general population through the use of educational technological training. Government agencies act to promote the use of Educational Technology in schools and by private enterprise.

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as one aspect of a holistic synthesis. Teaching in behaviorism has been linked to training, emphasizing animal learning experiments. Since behaviorism consists of the view of teaching people how to do something with rewards and punishments, it is related to training people.

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CBTs provide learning stimulus beyond traditional learning methodology from textbook, manual, or classroom-based instruction. CBTs can be a good alternative to printed learning materials since rich media, including videos or animations, can be embedded to enhance learning.

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Loutchko, Iouri; Kurbel, Karl; Pakhomov, Alexei: Production and Delivery of Multimedia Courses for Internet Based Virtual Education; The World Congress "Networked Learning in a Global Environment: Challenges and Solutions for Virtual Education", Berlin, Germany, 1–4 May

1913:. Learning Management Systems also offers a non-linear presentation of content and curricular goals, giving students the choice of pace and order of information learned. Blackboard can be used for K-12 education, Higher Education, Business, and Government collaboration. 2797:

Since technology is not the end goal of education, but rather a means by which it can be accomplished, educators must have a good grasp of the technology and its advantages and disadvantages. Teacher training aims for the effective integration of classroom technology.

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connect anything with the Internet-based on stipulated protocols through information sensing equipment to conduct information exchange and communications to achieve smart recognitions, positioning, tracking, monitoring, and administration. These devices are part of a

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The age when a given child might start using a particular technology, such as a cellphone or computer, might depend on matching a technological resource to the recipient's developmental capabilities, such as the age-anticipated stages labeled by Swiss psychologist,

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According to Branford et al., "technology does not guarantee effective learning", and inappropriate use of technology can even hinder it. A University of Washington study of infant vocabulary shows that it is slipping due to educational baby DVDs. Published in the

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that all technologies are neutral in moral standing. These critiques would have us ask not, "How do we maximize the role or advancement of technology in education?", but, rather, "What are the social and human consequences of adopting any particular technology?"

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Annetta, Leonard; Mangrum, Jennifer; Holmes, Shawn; Collazo, Kimberly; Cheng, Meng-Tzu (12 May 2009). "Bridging Realty to Virtual Reality: Investigating gender effect and student engagement on learning through video game play in an elementary school classroom".

2870:. Instructors use both types of assessments to understand student progress and learning in the classroom. Technology has helped teachers create better assessments to help understand where students who are having trouble with the material are having issues. 1840:

classes or orientations, but many are delivered completely online. Several universities offer online student support services, such as online advising and registration, e-counseling, online textbook purchases, student governments, and student newspapers.

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with others, conduct assessments, or perform other tasks. Through the use of educational technology, education is able to be individualized for each student allowing for better differentiation and allowing students to work for mastery at their own pace.

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in the 1990s, teachers embarked on the method of using emerging technologies to employ multi-object oriented sites, which are text-based online virtual reality systems, to create course websites along with simple sets of instructions for their students.

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In practice, as technology has advanced, the particular "narrowly defined" terminological aspect that was initially emphasized by name has blended into the general field of educational technology. Initially, "virtual learning" as narrowly defined in a

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Dieker, Lisa A.; Lane, Holly B.; Allsopp, David H.; O'Brien, Chris; Butler, Tyran Wright; Kyger, Maggie; Lovin, LouAnn; Fenty, Nicole S. (7 April 2009). "Evaluating Video Models of Evidence-Based Instructional Practices to Enhance Teacher Learning".

2244:. The results from GenAI can also be biased, leading to calls for transparency regarding the data used to train GenAI models and their use. Providing professional development for teachers and developing policies and regulations can help mitigate the 812:

By the mid-1980s, accessing course content became possible at many college libraries. In computer-based training (CBT) or computer-based learning (CBL), the learning interaction was between the student and computer drills or micro-world simulations.

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peers and with teachers. Effective student engagement measures that reduce drop-outs are forum interactions and virtual teacher or teaching assistant presence - measures which induce staff cost that grows with the number of participating students.

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had been founded. In 1997, Graziadei described criteria for evaluating products and developing technology-based courses that include being portable, replicable, scalable, affordable, and having a high probability of long-term cost-effectiveness.

903:, many schools across the world were forced to close, which left more and more grade-school students participating in online learning, and university-level students enrolling in online courses to enforce distance learning. Organizations such as 2709:

What we need to consider about the computer has nothing to do with its efficiency as a teaching tool. We need to know in what ways it is altering our conception of learning, and how in conjunction with television, it undermines the old idea of

10626: 549:. "Virtual" is used in that broader way to describe a course that is not taught in a classroom face-to-face but "virtually" with people not having to go to the physical classroom to learn. Accordingly, virtual education refers to a form of 2809:

The evolving nature of technology may unsettle teachers, who may experience themselves as perpetual novices. Finding quality materials to support classroom objectives is often difficult. Random professional development days are inadequate.

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estimates the number of K-12 students enrolled in online distance learning programs increased by 65% from 2002 to 2005, with greater flexibility, ease of communication between teacher and student, and quick lecture and assignment feedback.

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stencil devices were used to produce short copy runs (typically 10–50 copies) for classroom or home use. The use of media for instructional purposes is generally traced back to the first decade of the 20th century with the introduction of

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began providing online classes free of charge. As of 2009, approximately 5.5 million students were taking at least one class online. Currently, one out of three college students takes at least one online course while in college. At

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file format. Creating a course requires putting together a sequence of learning objects. There are both proprietary and open, non-commercial and commercial, peer-reviewed repositories of learning objects such as the Merlot repository.

1224:. Asynchronous learning is beneficial for students who have health problems or who have childcare responsibilities. They have the opportunity to complete their work in a low-stress environment and within a more flexible time frame. In 14210: 477:

An educational technologist is someone who is trained in the field of educational technology. Educational technologists try to analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate processes and tools to enhance learning. While the term

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has become much easier and use has increased. One of the main reasons for its usage states that it is "a breeding ground for creative and engaging educational endeavors." Learning takes place through conversations about content and

4702: 2901:, and used for large lecture courses. It was more successful than most of the other early systems, in part because the designer of the system was also the instructor using it. A subsequent classroom response technologies involved 3648: 1707:, date from the late 1950s. The term whiteboard is also used metaphorically to refer to virtual whiteboards in which computer software applications simulate whiteboards by allowing writing or drawing. This is a common feature of 3259:

Mastellos, Nikolaos; Tran, Tammy; Dharmayat, Kanika; Cecil, Elizabeth; Lee, Hsin-Yi; Wong, Cybele C. Peng; Mkandawire, Winnie; Ngalande, Emmanuel; Wu, Joseph Tsung-Shu; Hardy, Victoria; Chirambo, Baxter Griphin (2 April 2018).

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covers an overview of the history of online education as well as a framework for understanding the type of need it addresses. The concept of distance learning has already been invented for many centuries. The value of online

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programming skills did not consistently yield cognitive benefits. It was "not as concrete" as advocates claimed, it privileged "one form of reasoning over all others", and it was difficult to apply the thinking activity to

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the initial commitments are made. In that sense, technological innovations are similar to legislative acts or political findings that establish a framework for public order that will endure over many generations. (p. 29)

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and provide necessary interventions in cases where computer systems are not yet designed to handle certain aspects. In this vision, the technology's role is to enhance, rather than replace, human teachers' capabilities.

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vaporizes the geographical barriers that would otherwise separate people. Simplified, social media gives students a reach that provides them with opportunities and conversations that allow them to grow as communicators.

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were used in their implementations. There were a few commercial products available, but they were costly and some universities preferred to build their own. The first such system appears to have been put into place at

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to schedule instructors, venues, and equipment through graphical agendas, optimize resource utilization, create a training plan and track remaining budgets, generate reports and share data between different teams.

13227: 2065:, they can complete an LMS. In this situation, an LMS will manage e-learning delivery and assessment, while a training management system will manage ILT and back-office budget planning, logistics, and reporting. 1573:

are used for helping disabled (visually impaired or with multiple disabilities) children in communication development as well as in improving physiological activity, according to the stimulation Practice Report.

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of processes and resources for learning". As such, educational technology refers to all valid and reliable applied education sciences, such as equipment, as well as processes and procedures that are derived from

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Students growing up in this digital age have extensive exposure to a variety of media. Major high-tech companies have funded schools to provide them with the ability to teach their students through technology.

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as data points, in order to teach their students how to code data. Social media technologies also allow instructors the ability to show students how professional networks facilitate work on a technical level.

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underwent significant change in the 1960s and 1970s to the point that some described the period as a "cognitive revolution", particularly in reaction to behaviorism. While retaining the empirical framework of

1933:(LCMS) is software for author content (courses, reusable content objects). An LCMS may be solely dedicated to producing and publishing content that is hosted on an LMS, or it can host the content itself. The 1506:

with audio and video, the educator can mimic the one-on-one experience of the classroom. Learners have the ability to pause and rewind, to review at their own pace, something a classroom cannot always offer.

640:, used to assess the intelligence and, more specifically, the aptitudes of World War I military recruits. Further large-scale use of technologies was employed in training soldiers during and after WWII using 7329: 5397:

Kaplan, Andreas (2017). Rishi, Bikramjit; Bandyopadhyay, Subir (eds.). "Academia Goes Social Media, MOOC, SPOC, SMOC, and SSOC: The digital transformation of Higher Education Institutions and Universities".

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interaction about problems and actions. This collaborative learning differs from instruction in which the instructor is the principal source of knowledge and skills. The neologism "e-learning 1.0" refers to

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Helping people and children learn in ways that are easier, faster, more accurate, or less expensive can be traced back to the emergence of very early tools, such as paintings on cave walls. Various types of

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Oliver, A.; Osa, J. O.; Walker, T. M. (2012). "Using instructional technologies to enhance teaching and learning for the 21st century pre K-12 students: The case of a professional education programs unit".

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is data gathered on the student's activities on the learning platform, drawn into meaningful patterns that lead to a valid conclusion, usually through the medium of data visualization such as graphs.

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Lee, Yuan-Hsuan (October 2015). "Facilitating critical thinking using the C-QRAC collaboration script: Enhancing science reading literacy in a computer-supported collaborative learning environment".

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Augmented reality (AR) provides students and teachers with the opportunity to create layers of digital information, including both virtual worlds and real-world elements, to interact in real-time.

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is a gap between those who have access to digital technologies and those who do not. Access may be associated with age, gender, socio-economic status, education, income, ethnicity, and geography.

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sifts out the incorrect answers, and these questions are then explained by the teacher. The learner then practices with slight variations of the sifted-out questions. The process is completed by

1848:, many schools have been forced to move online. As of April 2020, an estimated 90% of high-income countries are offering online learning, with only 25% of low-income countries offering the same. 518:

terminologies as emphasizing particular features such as digitization approaches, components, or delivery methods rather than being fundamentally dissimilar in concept or principle. For example,

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of an activity without adequate research validation. If technology monopolizes an activity, students can begin to develop the sense that "life would scarcely be thinkable without technology."

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in 1960. Although the internet would not be created for another decade, students were able to access class information with linked computer terminals. Online learning emerged in 1982 when the

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Globally, factors like change management, technology obsolescence, and vendor-developer partnership are major restraints that are hindering the growth of the Educational technology market.

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in New York City, also via the EIES computer conferencing system. Subsequent courses were offered in 1986 by the Electronic University Network for DOS and Commodore 64 computers. In 2002,

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The current design of this type of application includes the evaluation through tools of cognitive analysis that allow one to identify which elements optimize the use of these platforms.

3652: 2460: 2248:. And while AI systems can provide individualized instruction and adaptive feedback to students, they have the potential to impact students' well-being and sense of classroom community. 11393: 3950:

Hwang, G. J. (2014). Definition, framework, and research issues of smart learning environments-a context-aware ubiquitous learning perspective. Smart Learning Environments, 1(1), 1-14.

3262:"Training community healthcare workers on the use of information and communication technologies: a randomised controlled trial of traditional versus blended learning in Malawi, Africa" 1627:

that embraces tinkering with electronics and programming to achieve software and hardware solutions. The Maker Culture means there is a huge amount of training and support available.

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Shurville, S.; Browne, T.; Whitaker, M. (2009). "Accommodating the newfound strategic importance of educational technologists within higher education: A critical literature review".

11422: 5365: 4759: 12843: 4732: 11493:

Betts, Kristen, et al. "Historical review of distance and online education from 1700s to 2021 in the United States: Instructional design and pivotal pedagogy in higher education."

5718: 1832:, in which all aspects of a course are handled through a consistent user interface throughout the institution. Physical universities and newer online-only colleges offer to select 14093: 9785: 2947:

activities such as e-testing, or e-learning which are student-led. E-marking allows markers to mark a scanned script or online response on a computer screen rather than on paper.

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candidate with an online degree in the past 12 months. However, 66% said candidates who get degrees online were not seen as positively as job applicants with traditional degrees.

8501: 5557: 2273:

Various forms of electronic media can be a feature of preschool life. Although parents report a positive experience, the impact of such use has not been systematically assessed.

14038: 13232: 12886: 8753: 1344:(CSCL) allows learners in one school to communicate with learners in another that they would not get to know otherwise, enhancing educational outcomes and cultural integration. 2418:

Education technology also seems to be an interesting method of engaging gifted youths that are under-stimulated in their current educational program. This can be achieved with

785:, in which he envisioned "learning webs" as a model for people to network the learning they needed. The 1970s and 1980s saw notable contributions in computer-based learning by 13977: 8124: 6687: 565:. Virtual education and simulated learning opportunities, such as games or dissections, offer opportunities for students to connect classroom content to authentic situations. 3517: 2361:

E-learning is increasingly being utilized by students who may not want to go to traditional brick-and-mortar schools due to severe allergies or other medical issues, fear of

14073: 13885: 5488: 2552:. The big challenge in corporate e-learning is to engage the staff, especially on compliance topics for which periodic staff training is mandated by the law or regulations. 2289:. Parameters, such as age-appropriateness, coherence with sought-after values, and concurrent entertainment and educational aspects, have been suggested for choosing media. 817:

replicated autocratic teaching styles whereby the role of the e-learning system was assumed to be for transferring knowledge, as opposed to systems developed later based on

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Strategic principle – a task performed by adapting guidelines (e.g. doing a financial projection in a spreadsheet, or using a framework for designing learning environments)

14068: 14048: 13880: 13579: 13201: 9087: 5182:

Termos, Mohamad (2012). "Does the Classroom Performance System (CPS) Increase Students' Chances for Getting a Good Grade in College Core Courses and Increase Retention?".

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to the participating schools of awarding exam organizations. E-marking has been used to mark many well-known high stakes examinations, which in the United Kingdom include

2228:

in November 2022. This caused alarm among K-12 and higher education institutions, with a few large school districts quickly banning GenAI, due to concerns about potential

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used in early computer-based learning and training systems (CBL). In contrast to that linear delivery of content, often directly from the instructor's material, CSCL uses

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See Rowan, Roy (1983). Executive Ed. at Computer U. Fortune, 7 March 1983; Feenberg, Andrew (1993). "Building a Global Network: The WBSI Experience", in L. Harasim, ed.,

13890: 13584: 10009: 8013: 3408: 8585: 5423: 1147:. A variety of descriptive terms have been employed (somewhat inconsistently) to categorize the extent to which technology is used. For example, "hybrid learning" or " 4786: 13850: 3378: 3026:

related to educational psychology, educational media, experimental psychology, cognitive psychology, or, more purely, in the fields of educational, instructional or

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have been used for at least a millennium. Since their introduction, books and pamphlets have played a prominent role in education. From the early twentieth century,

371: 13835: 12873: 7321: 4575: 4492:"Dialogue and the construction of knowledge in e-learning: Exploring students' perceptions of their learning while using Blackboard's asynchronous discussion board" 10532: 9754: 7391: 470:. Educational technology is not restricted to advanced technology but is anything that enhances classroom learning in the utilization of blended, face-to-face, or 9969: 6911: 13632: 13564: 13186: 11330: 11004: 9239:

Fischer-Hübner, Simone; Martucci, Leonardo A.; Fritsch, Lothar; Pulls, Tobias; Herold, Sebastian; Iwaya, Leonardo H.; Alfredsson, Stefan; Zuccato, Albin (2018).

7115: 4978: 409:, that assist in the communication of knowledge, and its development and exchange. This is usually what people are referring to when they use the term "edtech". 13820: 12869: 12860: 12851: 10672:

Wei, L.; Hindman, D. (2011). "Does the Digital Divide Matter More? Comparing the Effects of New Media and Old Media Use on the Education-Based Knowledge Gap".

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Vie, Stephanie (3 July 2017). "Training Online Technical Communication Educators to Teach with Social Media: Best Practices and Professional Recommendations".

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European Commission (2000). Communication from the Commission: E-Learning – Designing "Tejas at Niit" tomorrow's education. Brussels: European Commission

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problem solving", in contrast with collaboration that involves the "mutual engagement of participants in a coordinated effort to solve the problem together."

9593: 6531:. Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference e-Learning 2007, Lisbon, 6–8 July 2007 – via Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business. 4541: 4149:

Alberuni's India. An account of the religion, philosophy, literature, geography, chronology, astronomy, customs, laws, and astrology of India about A.D. 1030

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Formative assessment is more difficult, as the perfect form is ongoing and allows the students to show their learning in different ways depending on their

568:

Educational content, pervasively embedded in objects, is all around the learner, who may not even be conscious of the learning process. The combination of

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Singh, V; Thurman, A (2019). "How Many Ways Can We Define Online Learning? A Systematic Literature Review of Definitions of Online Learning (1988-2018)".

545:(PTSD). In practice, a "virtual education course" refers to any instructional course in which all, or at least a significant portion, is delivered by the 8534: 5452: 3829: 3034:. In industry, educational technology is utilized to train students and employees by a wide range of learning and communication practitioners, including 1934: 489:

Modern electronic educational technology is an important part of society today. Educational technology encompasses e-learning, instructional technology,

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Kester, Liesbeth; Kirschner, Paul; Corbalan, Gemma (May 2007). "Designing support to facilitate learning in powerful electronic learning environments".

4369: 3926: 2696:(p. 32) points out a good example of a (bad) choice that has become strongly fixed in social habit and material equipment: our "choice" to use the 1448: 10933: 9178: 8937: 801:

in Canada. In the UK, the Council for Educational Technology supported the use of educational technology, in particular administering the government's

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Pardos, Zachary A.; Baker, Ryan S. J. D.; San Pedro, Maria O. C. Z.; Gowda, Sujith M.; Gowda, Supreeth M. (2013). "Affective states and state tests".

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and the use of apps. Many app developers and education experts have been exploring smartphone and tablet apps as a medium for collaborative learning.

12587: 10963: 10517: 8962: 8463: 7425: 6160: 4491: 3234: 2210:

began to investigate thought and learning processes in humans and machines. The earliest uses of AI in education can be traced to the development of

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feedback. Mobile learning can provide performance support for checking the time, setting reminders, retrieving worksheets, and instruction manuals.

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Heine, C.; Gerry, J.; Sutherland, L. S. (2015). "Chapter 14: Technology Education for High-Ability Students". In Dixon, F. A.; Moon, S. M. (eds.).

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developed a learning system, named Celeration, which was based on behavior analysis but substantially differed from Keller's and Skinner's models.

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be presented and the type of assessment that can be performed and may need supplementation with online discussion or other interactive elements.

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The extent to which e-learning assists or replaces other learning and teaching approaches is variable, ranging on a continuum from none to fully

1004:

and wrote "The Technology of Teaching", an attempt to dispel the myths underlying contemporary education as well as promote his system he called

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Evaluating the Blending of an E-Learning Module into a Knowledge Management Course: A Case Study from the Singapore Management University (SMU)

3726: 1796:(VLE), also known as a learning platform, simulates a virtual classroom or meeting by simultaneously mixing several communication technologies. 314: 11285: 8430: 13900: 13775: 11404: 10739: 10111: 2443: 2218:(ZPD): the space wherein students may learn with guidance. Such systems can guide students through tasks slightly above their ability level. 9155: 7057: 11432: 7504: 4755: 4431: 3759:

Moore, J. L.; Dickson-Deane, C.; Galyen, K. (2011). "E-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same?".

3140: 2377: 10360: 7144: 5819: 4724: 1524:. Webcams are also being used to counter plagiarism and other forms of academic dishonesty that might occur in an e-learning environment. 1417:

Numerous types of physical technology are currently used: digital cameras, video cameras, interactive whiteboard tools, document cameras,

9774: 6500: 6389:"Personalising learning: Exploring student and teacher perceptions about flexible learning and assessment in a flipped university course" 5710: 4226: 1079: 7750:

Bloom, Benjamin S. (June 1984). "The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring".

7526: 6626: 4312: 4177: 3325: 754: 346:. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. In 10449: 8486: 8322:

Foltynek, Tomas; Bjelobaba, Sonja; Glendinning, Irene; Khan, Zeenath Reza; Santos, Rita; Pavletic, Pegi; Kravjar, Július (1 May 2023).

6715:"Digital divide in quantitative methods: The effects of computer-assisted instruction and students' attitudes on knowledge acquisition" 5635: 4272: 2151:, lesson, assignment, multiple-choice question, quiz, discussion group or a case study, all of which are possible methods of delivery. 2118:

Procedure – step-by-step task (e.g. entering a formula into a spreadsheet or the steps that should be followed within a phase in ADDIE)

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examines these approaches. These theoretical perspectives are grouped into three main theoretical schools or philosophical frameworks:

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Warschauer, M.; Matuchniak, T. (2010). "New technology and digital worlds: analyzing evidence of equity in access, use and outcomes".

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Much effort has been put into the technical reuse of electronically based teaching materials and, in particular, creating or re-using

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in La Jolla, California, opened its School of Management and Strategic Studies. The school employed computer conferencing through the

525:

mobility, which allows for altered timing, location, accessibility, and context of learning; nevertheless, its purpose and conceptual

462:

Educational technology is an inclusive term for both the material tools and processes, and the theoretical foundations for supporting

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of all levels. The transformation of educational technology from a cottage industry to a profession is discussed by Shurville et al.

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Wikimedia Taiwan 10 Anniversary Conference Combining the Education and Wikimedia in Taiwan Taking the Higher Education as an Example

2176:(SCORM) is a collection of standards and specifications that applies to certain web-based e-learning. Other specifications, such as 1066:

schools, however, share the view that learning is more than a behavioral change but is rather a mental process used by the learner.

390:

Accordingly, there are several discrete aspects to describing the intellectual and technical development of educational technology:

10466: 8183: 3501: 2492:(MOOCs) may have limitations that preclude them from fully replacing college education, such programs have significantly expanded. 871: 417: 9041: 8090: 5984:

Bowdon, Melody A. (1 January 2014). "Tweeting an Ethos: Emergency Messaging, Social Media, and Teaching Technical Communication".

5484: 13825: 13176: 11517: 6590: 4291: 2241: 2173: 1983: 1917:

is a free-to-download Open Source Course Management System that provides blended learning opportunities as well as platforms for

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Online and Distance Learning: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

9250:. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Vol. 531. Springer International Publishing. pp. 95–107. 9110: 5672: 4948: 12592: 11226: 9758: 9342: 8150: 5851:"Cultivating a Sense of Belonging: Using Twitter to Establish a Community in an Introductory Technical Communication Classroom" 1126:

and other similar programming languages had lost their novelty and dominance and were gradually de-emphasized amid criticisms.

731: 10002: 9864: 8903: 8726: 8556: 7091: 6754:"Educating the Mobile Generation – using personal cell phones as audience response systems in post-secondary science teaching" 2645:

A disadvantage of e-learning is that it can cause depression, according to a study made during the 2021 COVID-19 quarantines.

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Marriott, Pru; Lau, Alice (2008). "The use of on-line summative assessment in an undergraduate financial accounting course".

11083:"Technology-Enhanced Formative Assessment: A Research-Based Pedagogy for Teaching Science with Classroom Response Technology" 10321:

Trucano, M. (11 December 2013). More about MOOCs and developing countries. EduTech: A World Bank Blog on ICT use in Education

10095: 9883:"Creating Technology-Enhanced, Learner-Centered Classrooms: K–12 Teachers' Beliefs, Perceptions, Barriers, and Support Needs" 9314: 9263: 9081: 7941: 7896: 7855: 7603: 7180: 5574: 5525: 5300: 5275: 5250: 5225: 5166: 5123: 5098: 4822: 4539:

Building Asynchronous and Synchronous Teaching-Learning Environments: Exploring a Course/Classroom Management System Solution

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Molenda, M. (2008). "Historical foundations". In M. J. Spector, M. D. Merrill, J. Merrienboer, & M. P. Driscoll (Eds.),

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Computers and tablets enable learners and educators to access websites as well as applications. Many mobile devices support

13409: 8644: 8577: 3431: 806: 11348: 10376:"E-learning: Depression, anxiety, and stress symptomatology among Lebanese university students during COVID-19 quarantine" 6664: 5318:

Bates, A. and Poole, G. Effective Teaching with Technology in Higher Education San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/John Wiley, 2003

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or training resource management system is software designed to optimize instructor-led training management. Similar to an

13715: 13339: 13196: 11550: 8365:"Qualitative and quantitative analyses of artificial intelligence ethics in education using VOSviewer and CitNetExplorer" 7544:"Technology-enabled learning: More than e-Learning - Part 1: What does technology-enabled training management look like?" 2537: 2455: 2353: 2232:. However, as the debate developed, these bans were largely reversed within a few months. To combat academic misconduct, 1413:

alternate forms of knowledge representation (multiple representations of knowledge, e.g. video, audio, text, image, data)

1279:(CSCL) uses instructional methods designed to encourage or require students to work together on learning tasks, allowing 1051: 10760: 10545: 9959: 9681: 9652: 9455: 7352: 6810: 6205:"Impact of the Flipped Classroom on Student Performance and Retention: A Parallel Controlled Study in General Chemistry" 4637: 1653:

allow learners and educators to post thoughts, ideas, and comments on a website in an interactive learning environment.

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Anderson, Ashton; Huttenlocher, Daniel; Kleinberg, Jon; Leskovec, Jure (2014). "Engaging with massive online courses".

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Pozo-Sánchez, Santiago; Segura-Robles, Adrián; Moreno-Guerrero, Antonio José; López-Belmonte, Jesús (2 December 2022).

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Lombardi, Patrizia; Giordano, Silvia; Farouh, Hend; Yousef, Wael (June 2012). "Modelling the smart city performance".

3002:

is the field that focuses on analyzing and reporting data about students' activities in order to facilitate learning.

1658:

online about schoolwork. Social networking encourages collaboration and engagement and can be a motivational tool for

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Baker, Ryan S.J.d. (2007). "Modeling and understanding students' off-task behavior in intelligent tutoring systems".

7795:

Corbett, Albert T.; Anderson, John R. (1995). "Knowledge tracing: Modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge".

6961: 5855: 2989:

The importance of self-assessment through tools made available on educational technology platforms has been growing.

2971: 2245: 2009: 1769: 1326: 1283:. CSCL is similar in concept to the terminology, "e-learning 2.0" and "networked collaborative learning" (NCL). With 1280: 704: 9008: 3649:"Confusing terminologies: #e-learning, learning technologist, educational technologist,…discussed by @A_L_T members" 1991: 13780: 13675: 5139:

deJong, T. (2010). "Cognitive Load Theory, Educational Research, and Instructional Design: Some Food for Thought".

4662: 3919:

Teaching English as a Second/Foreign Language in a Ubiquitous Learning Environment: A Guide for ESL/EFL Instructors

2928: 1087: 1075: 958: 10978: 8259: 5636:"Review of Learning 2.0 Practices: Study on the Impact of Web 2.0 Innovations on Education and Training in Europe" 4538: 989:. Many psychologists used these results to develop theories of human learning, but modern educators generally see 14283: 14262: 13830: 13648: 13546: 13359: 11846: 11612: 9709: 4583: 3187: 3171: 2877:. Technology has helped some teachers make their formative assessments better, particularly through the use of a 2757: 2102: 885: 499: 9801:"Face-to-face or face-to-screen? Undergraduates' opinions and test performance in classroom vs. online learning" 8607: 6979:

More missing the Boat — Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and small prototyping boards and engineering education needs them

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people, but this notion is obfuscated when technology is treated as an abstract notion devoid of good and evil.

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Culp, K.M.; Honey, M.; Mandinach, E. (2005). "A retrospective on twenty years of education technology policy".

7019: 2749: 1987: 1751: 1242:

equations. Computer-based training is conceptually similar to web-based training (WBT), which is delivered via

1034: 827:

was an important forerunner to the educational technologies known today. This work was especially popular with

182: 10829:"The hidden architecture of higher education: Building a big data infrastructure for the 'smarter university'" 9388: 8526: 7707:

Chi, Michelene T.H.; Siler, Stephanie A.; Jeong, Heisawn; Yamauchi, Takashi; Hausmann, Robert G. (July 2001).

5459: 3821: 2308:

are two popular coding and programming apps being adopted by institutions that offer free or low-cost access.

14053: 14010: 13967: 12890: 10855: 10804: 9921: 9074: 6330:"Flipping for success: evaluating the effectiveness of a novel teaching approach in a graduate level setting" 4379: 2932: 1825: 542: 300: 17: 11362:

Nagy, A. (2005). "The Impact of E-Learning". In Bruck, P.A.; Buchholz, A.; Karssen, Z.; Zerfass, A. (eds.).

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Lowenthal, P. R.; Wilson, B. G. (2010). "Labels do matter! A critique of AECT's redefinition of the field".

2108:

Concept – a category that includes multiple examples (e.g. Excel formulas, or the various types/theories of

13622: 13574: 13471: 13466: 13191: 13096: 11753: 10780: 8453: 3683: 3157: 3027: 2635: 2215: 2050: 1829: 1821: 1793: 1783: 1521: 969:

This theoretical framework was developed in the early 20th century based on animal learning experiments by

507: 434:

Educational technology itself as an educational subject; such courses may be called "computer studies" or "

10951: 8970: 6388: 4503: 3223: 2967:

reports that e-marking is the main type of marking used for general qualifications in the United Kingdom.

14033: 12037: 11591: 11586: 9984:"Global E-Learning Market 2017 to Boom $ 275.10 Billion Value by 2022 at a CAGR of 7.5% – Orbis Research" 7713: 7417: 6834: 6714: 3166: 3151: 2753: 2437: 2211: 1890: 1109: 942: 928: 413: 355: 11227:"Clicking in class helps lecturers from appearing remote by using student remotes as instructional tool" 7451: 5612: 2434:

integrated courses (3dPIC) can also give youths the stimulation they need in their educational journey.

14205: 13431: 12647: 12170: 11786: 11654: 11644: 9630: 8696: 4893: 3962:"Evolution Is not enough: Revolutionizing Current Learning Environments to Smart Learning Environments" 3201: 3111: 3047: 2981:

state government in India announced that it planned to use e-marking for all Plus II papers from 2016.

2549: 2046: 1883: 1869: 1532: 1185: 554: 424: 406: 172: 8210:"New York City's public schools reverse their ban on ChatGPT — admitting it had been 'knee-jerk fear'" 6871:

Campaña, Laura V.; Ouimet, Donald A. (January–February 2015). "iStimulation: Apple iPad Use with Ch".

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Fies, Carmen; Marshall, Jill (March 2006). "Classroom Response Systems: A Review of the Literature".

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Hall, Ashley A.; DuFrene, Debbie D. (June 2016). "Best Practices for Launching a Flipped Classroom".

5850: 5421:

Al-Asfour, A (2012). "Online Teaching: Navigating Its Advantages, Disadvantages and Best Practices".

2936: 2923:. It encompasses several potential applications, which may be teacher or student-oriented, including 2022: 1636: 1499:. Classroom microphones, often wireless, can enable learners and educators to interact more clearly. 1318: 202: 177: 10333:"A Review of Cheating in Fully Asynchronous Online Courses: A Math or Fact-Based Course Perspective" 9441:"Educational technology research past and present: balancing rigor and relevance to impact learning" 6848: 3499: 2701:

issue, but the QWERTY arrangement lives on as a social habit, one that is very difficult to change.

2115:

Process – a flow of events or activities (e.g. how a spreadsheet works, or the five phases in ADDIE)

14114: 13957: 13860: 13770: 13720: 13680: 13531: 13036: 13031: 12926: 12918: 12762: 12652: 12582: 12082: 11671: 11617: 11274: 10541: 9240: 8426: 3852:"DoD gives PTSD help 'second life' in virtual reality | Article | The United States Army" 3561: 3145: 3020: 2849: 2185: 1972: 954: 932: 253: 212: 11178:

Abrahamson, Louis (2007). "A Brief History of Networked Classrooms". In Tomei, Lawrence A. (ed.).

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Willingham, Daniel (Summer 2010). "Have Technology and Multitasking Rewired How Students Learn?".

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Cavanaugh, C (2009). "Effectiveness of cyber charter schools: A review of research on learnings".

5938: 5892:"The Rhetoric of Reach: Preparing Students for Technical Communication in the Age of Social Media" 5891: 2768:, created the potential for privacy and safety threats if such data was compromised or exploited. 2430:

integrated courses (VRIC) can be developed for any course in order to give them such stimulation.

2322: 502:, cyber-learning, and multi-modal instruction, virtual education, personal learning environments, 13855: 13845: 13700: 13501: 13461: 13441: 13421: 13324: 13156: 13131: 13046: 13026: 12976: 12946: 12936: 12822: 12742: 12707: 12692: 12677: 12632: 12567: 12437: 12077: 11811: 11696: 11543: 9805: 9145: 7477: 7322:"School Closures, Government Responses, and Learning Inequality Around the World during COVID-19" 7295: 7042: 6997:

Courts, B. & Tucker, J. (2012). "Using Technology To Create A Dynamic Classroom Experience".

3373: 3043: 2541: 2197: 2062: 1976: 1740: 1452:

Preparation for training teachers on the subject of Knowledge - Center for Educational Technology

1254:

completion status. Users are often able to print completion records in the form of certificates.

1042:

from the field of computer science. Another major influence on the field of cognitive science is

283: 278: 111: 91: 42: 11303:"State government of India announces that it would be using e-marking for all streams from 2016" 7658:"New Era of Artificial Intelligence in Education: Towards a Sustainable Multifaceted Revolution" 7500: 4439: 3637:(1994). Instructional technology: The definition and domains of the field. Washington, DC: AECT. 3530:

Al Januszewski A.; Molenda Michael. (2007) Educational Technology: A Definition with Commentary

2893:, but it suffered from difficulties in use. Another early system was one designed and built by 2760:

warned that widespread collection of student information by educational technologies, including

2504:

offer classes to a global audience, but not for college credit. University-level programs, like

14177: 14122: 13927: 13840: 13755: 13730: 13612: 13436: 13242: 13121: 13116: 12996: 12697: 12444: 12127: 12122: 11761: 11726: 11711: 11686: 11627: 11622: 11523: 10590: 10332: 10245:

Ho, A. D.; Reich, J.; Nesterko, S.; Seaton, D. T.; Mullaney, T.; Waldo, J.; Chuang, I. (2014),

7752: 7139: 6843: 5827: 3556: 3035: 2924: 2920: 2856: 2823: 1712: 1675: 1540: 1426: 1221: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1005: 920: 719: 96: 81: 10759:(Report). Federal Bureau of Investigation Internet Crime Complaint Center. 13 September 2018. 10280: 6493: 5195: 4233: 1495:

educational vehicle while streaming audio over the internet with webcasts and podcasts can be

14167: 14157: 14142: 13942: 13805: 13740: 13710: 13685: 13617: 13516: 13511: 13486: 13344: 13136: 13091: 13071: 13061: 12961: 12797: 12772: 12622: 12617: 12597: 12562: 12547: 12112: 12092: 11931: 11836: 11806: 11706: 11681: 11179: 10511: 10438: 9522: 6634: 4320: 4200: 3825: 3266: 3134: 2916: 2827: 2624: 2533: 2347: 2327: 1906: 1496: 1465: 1181: 1168: 428: 243: 197: 162: 13602: 10437: 10064:

Lai, K.W. (2008). "ICT Supporting the Learning Process: The Premise, Reality, and Promise".

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Moraros, John; Islam, Adiba; Yu, Stan; Banow, Ryan; Schindelka, Barbara (28 February 2015).

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Cuesta-Cambra, Ubaldo; Niño-González, José-Ignacio; Rodríguez-Terceño, José (1 July 2017).

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Day, R; Payne, L (1987). "Computer-managed instruction: an alternative teaching strategy".

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Education Technologies: Data Collection and Unsecured Systems Could Pose Risks to Students

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Beck, Joseph E.; Gong, Yue (2013), "Wheel-Spinning: Students Who Fail to Master a Skill",

6069: 2130: 1937:(AICC) specification provides support for content that is hosted separately from the LMS. 590: 8: 14293: 14188: 14152: 14132: 14063: 13987: 13760: 13750: 13695: 13690: 13627: 13569: 13536: 13526: 13506: 13496: 13481: 13476: 13456: 13426: 13394: 13379: 13354: 13290: 13216: 13206: 13141: 13106: 13041: 13021: 13011: 12971: 12956: 12951: 12792: 12787: 12727: 12682: 12642: 12537: 12518: 12232: 12144: 12097: 12047: 11995: 11990: 11969: 11891: 11801: 11781: 11771: 11661: 11035: 10719:

Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century

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Crane B. "Using Web 2.0 Tools in the K-12 Classroom". Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., 2009

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Classroom response systems have a history going back to late 1960s and early 1970s, when

2545: 2529: 2229: 1905:. These types of LMS allow educators to run a learning system partially or fully online, 1836:

and certificate programs via the Internet. Some programs require students to attend some

1595: 1586: 1555: 946: 924: 839:

Practitioners such as Harasim (1995) put heavy emphasis on the use of learning networks.

790: 781: 735: 734:(EIES) to deliver a distance education program to business executives. Starting in 1985, 692: 684: 136: 11143: 11098: 11048: 10463: 9298: 8866: 8399: 8364: 6220: 6109:"Benefits of Using the Learning Management System based on Flipped Learning Methodology" 5048: 4991: 4925: 3184: – Arrangement for conducting experiments at one location while situated at another 2276: 14252: 14137: 13982: 13972: 13962: 13952: 13810: 13735: 13521: 13446: 13416: 13247: 13166: 13126: 13101: 13081: 13016: 12991: 12981: 12966: 12767: 12717: 12672: 12657: 12637: 12627: 12602: 12542: 12237: 12180: 12025: 11876: 11826: 11776: 11721: 11666: 11578: 11536: 11473: 11307: 11155: 11112: 10925: 10860: 10809: 10689: 10607: 10444: 10413: 10352: 10268: 10223: 10084: 10043: 9913: 9829: 9800: 9736: 9567: 9548: 9497: 9320: 9284: 9045: 8878: 8834: 8817: 8797: 8458: 8239: 7995: 7947: 7902: 7861: 7820: 7777: 7689: 7669: 7570:"Instructor-Led Training and e-Learning: which technology for which learning delivery?" 7383: 6888: 6734: 6607: 6364: 6329: 6204: 6185: 6052: 6009: 5966: 5919: 5872: 5068: 5011: 4629: 4102: 4067: 4024: 3983: 3776: 3574: 3482: 3349: 3298: 3261: 3122: 2999: 2898: 2780: 2513: 2404: 1810: 1691: 1517: 1473: 1434: 1329:(MALL) is the use of handheld computers or cell phones to assist in language learning. 1322: 1298: 1288: 908: 645: 503: 339: 248: 192: 187: 167: 76: 71: 38: 11056: 10246: 9480:

Hicks, S.D. (2011). "Technology in today's classroom: Are you a tech-savvy teacher?".

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J. Bransford; A. Brown; R. R. Cocking, eds. (2000). "Technology to support learning".

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Computer-based training (CBT) refers to self-paced learning activities delivered on a

14162: 14058: 14015: 13937: 13705: 13271: 13086: 13051: 13006: 13001: 12910: 12777: 12687: 12577: 12483: 12415: 12227: 12209: 12087: 12057: 12030: 12020: 12010: 12005: 11974: 11906: 11896: 11881: 11841: 11649: 11632: 11498: 11060: 10813: 10693: 10654: 10417: 10405: 10397: 10294: 10276: 10272: 10227: 10091: 9942:"Hiring Practices and Attitudes: Traditional vs. Online Degree Credentials SHRM Poll" 9905: 9834: 9740: 9572: 9501: 9380: 9310: 9259: 9122: 9077: 9068: 8882: 8838: 8801: 8404: 8386: 8345: 8301: 8158: 8098: 8071: 7987: 7937: 7892: 7851: 7840:

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge

7812: 7769: 7732: 7638: 7599: 7375: 7252: 7176: 7121: 6978: 6957: 6806: 6611: 6526: 6447: 6408: 6369: 6351: 6310: 6271: 6232: 6177: 6140: 6089: 6044: 6013: 6001: 5970: 5958: 5923: 5911: 5876: 5685: 5570: 5296: 5271: 5246: 5221: 5162: 5119: 5094: 5072: 5060: 5031: 5015: 5003: 4959: 4937: 4818: 4633: 4106: 4057: 4043: 3708: 3700: 3578: 3531: 3507: 3486: 3474: 3353: 3339: 3303: 3285: 3181: 3039: 2771: 2326:

Teacher showing primary school students how to work a program at a primary school in

2317: 2207: 2144: 1918: 1845: 1654: 1582: 1563: 1379:

The large majority of studies focusing on the success of flipped learning are in the

1370: 1213: 1152: 1144: 1020: 900: 824: 762:

The recent article, "Shift Happens: Online Education as a New Paradigm in Learning",

700: 696: 569: 550: 456: 384: 207: 141: 121: 100: 11477: 11159: 11116: 10929: 10776:"The datafication of teaching in Higher Education: Critical issues and perspectives" 10611: 10356: 10047: 9917: 7906: 7824: 7387: 6892: 6738: 6189: 6125: 6056: 4814:

Higher Education at the Crossroads of Disruption: the University of the 21st Century

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EdTech Inc.: Selling, Automating and Globalizing Higher Education in the Digital Age

2476:

higher education institutions now offer online classes, only about half of private,

348:

EdTech Inc.: Selling, Automating and Globalizing Higher Education in the Digital Age

12487: 12403: 12344: 12107: 12102: 12072: 11959: 11954: 11916: 11821: 11796: 11701: 11463: 11455: 11256: 11147: 11102: 11052: 11013: 10921: 10917: 10864: 10850: 10840: 10799: 10789: 10681: 10599: 10499: 10387: 10344: 10304: 10260: 10219: 10215: 10066:

International Handbook of Information Technology in Primary and Secondary Education

10035: 9901: 9897: 9853: 9824: 9814: 9726: 9718: 9562: 9489: 9324: 9302: 9251: 8897: 8870: 8826: 8789: 8722: 8394: 8376: 8335: 8293: 8063: 7999: 7977: 7951: 7929: 7884: 7865: 7843: 7804: 7781: 7761: 7722: 7679: 7628: 7367: 7242: 7215: 7168: 7083: 6949: 6942:"Green Internet of Things (G-IoT) Technologies, Application, and Future Challenges" 6880: 6853: 6802: 6726: 6599: 6567: 6557: 6467:"Bloom's Taxonomy. From Emerging Perspectives on Learning, Teaching and Technology" 6439: 6400: 6359: 6341: 6302: 6263: 6224: 6169: 6130: 6120: 6079: 6076:

International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology

6036: 5993: 5950: 5903: 5864: 5801: 5668: 5403: 5191: 5052: 4995: 4929: 4621: 4192: 4094: 4049: 4028: 4014: 3973: 3803: 3768: 3692: 3566: 3464: 3331: 3293: 3275: 3075: 3051: 2785: 2590: 2385: 1817: 1797: 1591: 1418: 1380: 1201: 1148: 1055: 978: 974: 828: 748: 629: 625: 288: 131: 126: 116: 31: 11260: 10794: 10775: 8297: 7371: 6443: 6404: 6250:

Khanova, Julia; Roth, Mary T; Rodgers, Jo Ellen; McLaughlin, Jacqueline E (2015).

6040: 5868: 5805: 5521: 3807: 3696: 2163:. These are self-contained units that are properly tagged with keywords, or other 1340:(MUVEs) that connect schools across geographical frontiers. Known as "eTwinning", 1000:

wrote extensively on improvements in teaching based on his functional analysis of

12067: 12062: 11944: 11939: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11831: 11791: 10743: 10470: 10158: 10134: 9526: 9493: 8427:

Zero to six: Electronic media in the lives of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers

8324:"ENAI Recommendations on the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence in Education" 8052:"Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education, Part One: the Dynamic Frontier" 7933: 7418:"Crowd Learn: Crowdsourcing the Creation of Highly-structured E-Learning Content" 7148: 5997: 5954: 5907: 5680: 5566: 4933: 4667: 4625: 4545: 4098: 3772: 3500:

D. Randy Garrison; Terry Anderson; Definitions and Terminology Committee (2003).

2990: 2874: 2427: 2366: 2362: 2181: 2160: 2094: 2079: 1898: 1833: 1599: 1357: 1302: 1293: 1092: 1001: 835: 677: 673: 667: 633: 258: 146: 10348: 10039: 9255: 8640: 8051: 6941: 6427: 6228: 6108: 6070:

Sheeraz Ahmad Sheergugri; Nazeer Ahmad Khan; Nisar Ahmad Kumar (30 April 2023).

4053: 2692:

When adopting new technologies, there may be one best chance to "get it right".

2101:

Fact – unique data (e.g. symbols for Excel formula, or the parts that make up a

1407:

task structuring support: help with how to do a task (procedures and processes),

1391: 14241: 12287: 12000: 11344: 10567: 9780: 9517: 8830: 8381: 8340: 8323: 8067: 7727: 7708: 7633: 7616: 7216:"A real time interactive virtual classroom multimedia distance learning system" 7162: 6953: 6884: 6656: 5089:

Irby, Beverly; Brown, Genevieve; Lara-Alecio, Rafael; Jackson, Shirley (2013).

4808: 3607: 3125: – Mode of delivering education to students who are not physically present 2974:(SQA) announced that most of the National 5 question papers would be e-marked. 2737: 2729: 2724: 2693: 2675: 2412: 2408: 2400: 2339: 1894: 1805: 1685: 1481: 1205: 1141: 1047: 1038: 1009: 843: 739: 688: 471: 12165: 11459: 11151: 11107: 11082: 10845: 10828: 10685: 10308: 8874: 8793: 7982: 7965: 7765: 7172: 6857: 6346: 4019: 4002: 3978: 3961: 3570: 3469: 3452: 3280: 14277: 13265: 12362: 11964: 11901: 11766: 11639: 11201:"Instructional Implications of a Low-Cost Electronic Student Response System" 10756: 10401: 9909: 9819: 9755:"CRTC issues annual report on the state of the Canadian communication system" 9722: 9685: 9656: 9440: 9384: 8390: 8349: 8305: 8234:

Verma, Vivek; Fleisig, Eve; Tomlin, Nicholas; Klein, Dan (13 November 2023),

8162: 8102: 8075: 7991: 7816: 7773: 7736: 7693: 7656:

Kamalov, Firuz; Santandreu Calonge, David; Gurrib, Ikhlaas (16 August 2023).

7642: 7379: 7256: 6788: 6603: 6451: 6412: 6355: 6314: 6306: 6236: 6181: 6173: 6144: 6093: 6048: 6005: 5962: 5915: 5544: 4756:"How Covid-19 brought the University of Toronto Class of '24 Together Online" 4725:"As Schools Close Over Coronavirus, Protect Kids' Privacy in Online Learning" 4606: 4374: 4296: 3704: 3478: 3429: 3289: 3177:

Qualifications framework § Qualifications frameworks for online learning

3117: 1941: 1874: 1659: 1624: 982: 786: 763: 657: 604: 538: 273: 12175: 11018: 10999: 10003:"Are Schools Getting a Big Enough Bang for Their Education Technology Buck?" 9306: 7888: 7847: 6789:"The five central psychological challenges facing effective mobile learning" 6544:"The Cognitive Processing of an Educational App with EEG and 'Eye Tracking'" 6252:"Student experiences across multiple flipped courses in a single curriculum" 6084: 6071: 5740: 5407: 5327:

OECD (2005) E-Learning in Tertiary Education: Where Do We Stand? Paris: OECD

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Kinshuk; Chen, Nian-Shing; Cheng, I-Ling; Chew, Sie Wai (17 February 2016).

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may be considered in designing and interacting with educational technology.

12260: 12190: 12052: 11064: 10952:"Ludic Epistemology: What Game-Based Learning Can Teach Curriculum Studies" 10603: 10409: 10299: 10244: 9838: 9576: 8408: 7247: 7230: 6541: 6373: 6275: 5770: 5056: 4999: 4941: 4400:

Hiltz, S. (1990). "Evaluating the Virtual Classroom". In Harasim, L. (ed.)

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using a new set of questions that only cover the topics previously taught.

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offered the first totally online master's degree in media studies, through

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Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

7415: 5064: 5007: 4558: 3712: 3335: 3137: – Animations produced for the specific purpose of fostering learning 2548:. Most corporate e-learning is asynchronous and delivered and managed via 907:

have enlisted educational technology solutions to help schools facilitate

13275: 12042: 10264: 8429:(Report). Menlo Park, California: The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. 5159:

Theory and Research for Academic Nurse Educators: Application to Practice

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Skinner, B.F. (1954). "The science of learning and the art of teaching".

4607:"Childhood in a digital age: creative challenges for educational futures" 4196: 4045:

2014 International Conference on Web and Open Access to Learning (ICWOAL)

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Andone, Diana; Holotescu, Carmen; Grosseck, Gabriela (26 November 2014).

3634: 3448: 3096: 3084: 2431: 2396: 2286: 2054: 1910: 1247: 1025: 990: 970: 950: 938: 776: 695:, experimented with using computers to teach arithmetic and spelling via 676:

were widely used during the 1950s in educational institutional settings.

268: 238: 9854:"Increasing Student Engagement in Online Educational Leadership Courses" 9006: 8151:"Teachers are on alert for inevitable cheating after release of ChatGPT" 7684: 7657: 6562: 6543: 5559:

Networked Collaborative Learning: Social Interaction and Active Learning

4145: 2943:

an exam. E-Marking is an examiner-led activity closely related to other

2415:" with innovative administrative models and course delivery technology. 12015: 11468: 11200: 10112:"Baby DVDs, Videos May Hinder, Not Help, Infants' Language Development" 9731: 9210:"Conventional Online Higher Education Will Absorb MOOCs, 2 Reports Say" 8780: 8286:"Teaching artificial intelligence in K–12 classrooms: a scoping review" 8284:

Su, Jiahong; Guo, Kai; Chen, Xinyu; Chu, Samuel Kai Wah (24 May 2023).

8091:"Alarmed by A.I. Chatbots, Universities Start Revamping How They Teach" 7808: 7422:

5th International Conference on Computer Supported Education CSEDU 2013

7196:

Farwell (2013). "Keeping an Online Class Interesting and Interactive".

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were devised in the 1920s and saw widespread use from the late 1950s.

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Komal, Saxena; Abdul, Basit; Shukla, Vinod Kumar (27 December 2021).

6548: 6470: 5711:"UCI's iMedEd Initiative named a 2012-13 Apple Distinguished Program" 5485:"Asynchronous Learning: Definition, Benefits, and Example Activities" 4580:

Realising the full potential of e-learning for education and training

3851: 3503:

E-Learning in the 21st Century: A Framework for Research and Practice

3131: – Cognitive science principles of effective multimedia learning 2995: 2482: 2301: 2202:

The academic study and development of artificial intelligence can be

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International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

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Frida Alim, Nate Cardozo, Gennie Gebhart, Karen Gullo, Amul Kalia,

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Menkhoff, Thomas; Thang, Tze Yian; Wong, Yue Kee (September 2007).

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World Vision Higher Secondary College - Knowledge Education Program

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in which course content is delivered using various methods such as

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Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on World wide web

9238: 6428:"The flipped classroom: A review of its advantages and challenges" 2265: 11886: 9343:"How To Get Employees Engaged In Training And Why It's Important" 9111:"Five Challenges and Solutions in Online Music Teacher Education" 8236:

Ghostbuster: Detecting Text Ghostwritten by Large Language Models

5543:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

4121:

Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology

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can connect with speakers and other experts. Interactive digital

1314: 1284: 1217: 46: 11364:

E-Content: Technologies and Perspectives for the European Market

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Sarasota, Darya; Ali Khalid; Sören Auer; Jörg Unbehauen (2013).

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Book Ends: The Changing Media Environment of American Classrooms

5243:

Book Ends: The Changing Media Environment of American Classrooms

4851:"13 investors say lifelong learning is taking edtech mainstream" 4526:

Learning Networks: A Field Guide to Teaching and Learning Online

3879:"How to Empower eLearning with Virtual Classrooms in WordPress?" 1605: 416:(LMS), such as tools for student and curriculum management, and 11512: 11427: 10900: 10114:. University of Washington Press. 7 August 2007. Archived from 9438: 9009:"What we know about online course outcomes (research overview)" 7655: 4123:(Third., pp. 3–20). New York, NY: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. 3069: 2978: 2964: 2697: 2305: 1914: 1902: 1837: 1509: 1477: 1421:, and LCD projectors. Combinations of these techniques include 1074:

Educational psychologists distinguish between several types of

904: 867: 600: 452: 375: 27:

Use of technology in education to improve learning and teaching

10292: 9248:

Information Security Education – Towards a Cybersecure Society

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has risen over time. More than 50% of human resource managers

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Spying on Students. School-issued devices and student privacy

8750:"For Frustrated Gifted Kids, A World of Online Opportunities" 8572: 8570: 7970:

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education

7621:

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education

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International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education

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Internet. Online education is rapidly increasing, and online

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levels for text notes, microphone rights, and mouse control.

1610:

Embedded single-board computers and microcontrollers such as

1422: 1410:

access to knowledge bases (help user find information needed)

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There are two distinct issues of assessment: the assessment

2442:'s Projet SEUR in collaboration with Collège Mont-Royal and 1711:

for virtual meetings, collaboration, and instant messaging.

537:

sense implied entering an environmental simulation within a

11423:"Online Learning Industry Poised for $ 107 Billion in 2015" 10256: 8851: 7116:"Learning Through Facebook: A Potential Tool for Educators" 6912:"Use of digital technology in education: Literature review" 5088: 4178:"Arithmetic drills and review on a computer-based teletype" 4087:

Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research

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use e-learning for delivering information about the latest

2528:

E-learning is being used by companies to deliver mandatory

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advances, sharing information between multiple people in a

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Journal of the Canadian Association for Curriculum Studies

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Teaching Online: A Guide to Theory, Research, and Practice

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Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education

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Mindweave: Communication, Computers and Distance Education

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Global Networks: Computerizing the International Community

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are being used at K-12 and higher education institutions.

423:

Educational technology as back-office management, such as

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Verzosa Hurley, Elise; Kimme Hea, Amy C. (January 2014).

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Harasim, L., Hiltz, S., Teles, L. and Turoff, M. (1995).

3231:

Association for Educational Communications and Technology

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A recent trend in LCMSs is to address this issue through

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National Development Programme in Computer Aided Learning

743: 498:

digital educational collaboration, distributed learning,

372:

Association for Educational Communications and Technology

10248:

HarvardX and MITx: The first year of open online courses

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National Association for the Education of Young Children

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functionality enabled new schemes of communication with

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DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology

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Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

4979:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

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is a synonymous term used in the UK as well as Canada.

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trust, care, and respect between teacher and student.

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Robinson, Rhonda; Molenda, Michael; Rezabek, Landra.

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Williamson, Ben; Bayne, Sian; Shay, Suellen (2020).

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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

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While training management systems focus on managing

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Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee

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Atkinson 685:Stanford University 646:overhead projectors 451:Early 20th-century 385:scientific research 137:Religious education 14242:Schools portal 13716:Dominican Republic 12911:Education in Asia 12238:Tertiary education 12176:Learning resources 11667:Education sciences 11435:on 25 August 2017. 11308:The Times of India 10445:The New York Times 10202:Cuban, L. (1998). 10191:on 4 January 2015. 10001:Boser, U. (2013). 9944:. 19 August 2010. 9482:The Clearing House 9347:eLearning Industry 9183:The New York Times 8967:Collège Mont-Royal 8818:Gifted Child Today 8669:Slagg, Alexander. 8584:. 29 August 2013. 8494:Kids Watch Monthly 8459:The New York Times 8123:Johnson, Arianna. 8095:The New York Times 7809:10.1007/bf01099821 7450:. Blackboard.com. 6731:10.1111/jcal.12322 6694:on 5 November 2013 6625:Biocchi, Michael. 6268:10.1111/medu.12807 5773:on 23 October 2013 5646:on 7 December 2016 4758:. Brooke Godfrey. 4729:Human Rights Watch 4473:Bates, A. (2005). 3932:on 7 February 2014 3123:Distance education 3040:technical trainers 3000:Learning analytics 2977:In June 2015, the 2899:Cornell University 2807: 2781:distance education 2777: 2734: 2514:Harvard University 2466: 2381: 2359: 2331: 2282: 2280:Preschool activity 2271: 2136: 2103:learning objective 1880: 1828:(MIS) to create a 1697: 1689: 1662:amongst students. 1581:(early learning), 1538: 1518:virtual classrooms 1454: 1435:virtual classrooms 1401: 1323:language education 1299:direct instruction 909:distance education 760: 683:In the mid-1960s, 671: 596: 504:networked learning 460: 340:educational theory 249:Discourse analysis 155:Curricular domains 77:Education sciences 72:Curriculum studies 39:Distance education 14271: 14270: 14225: 14224: 14221: 14220: 14193:other territories 14102: 14101: 14094:Wallis and Futuna 14002:Associated states 13909: 13908: 13798:other territories 13657: 13656: 13284: 13283: 13221:other territories 12904: 12903: 12835:other territories 12608:Equatorial Guinea 12497: 12496: 12472: 12471: 12468: 12467: 12463: 12462: 12459: 12458: 12454: 12453: 12391: 12390: 12386: 12385: 12382: 12381: 12377: 12376: 12332: 12331: 12327: 12326: 12323: 12322: 12318: 12317: 12275: 12274: 12270: 12269: 12228:Primary education 12199: 12198: 12088:Dialogic learning 12058:Teacher retention 12011:Critical thinking 12006:Class arrangement 11975:Special education 11650:Standardized test 11633:Course evaluation 11516:Media related to 11231:Cornell Chronicle 10655:American Educator 10551:on 9 August 2017. 10393:10.1111/nuf.12521 10138:. 6 August 2007. 10097:978-0-679-74540-2 9411:"Skills Bootcamp" 9316:978-1-4503-2744-2 9265:978-3-319-99734-6 9125:on 31 August 2012 9083:978-1-61209-335-2 9073:. Hauppauge, NY: 8973:on 2 January 2019 8563:. Washington, DC. 8496:. San Francisco: 7943:978-3-642-39111-8 7898:978-1-59593-593-9 7857:978-1-4503-1785-6 7714:Cognitive Science 7604:978-0-7879-8683-4 7198:Distance Learning 7182:978-3-319-40948-1 7122:Delta Kappa Gamma 6637:on 15 August 2011 6262:(10): 1038–1048. 6256:Medical Education 5669:Seely Brown, John 5575:978-1-84334-501-5 5302:978-0-12-597121-8 5277:978-1-57273-492-0 5252:978-1-57273-492-0 5227:978-0-12-597121-8 5168:978-0-7637-7413-4 5125:978-0-495-50621-8 5100:978-1-61735-866-1 4857:. 28 January 2021 4824:978-1-80071-504-2 4731:. 27 March 2020. 4442:on 6 January 2017 4323:on 27 August 2008 4063:978-1-4799-5739-2 3655:on 5 August 2018. 3647:Geng, F. (2014). 3536:978-0-8058-5861-7 3513:978-0-415-26346-7 3345:978-0-429-34394-0 3182:Remote laboratory 3052:technical writers 2483:doctoral programs 2318:Primary education 2020: 2019: 2012: 1919:distance learning 1852:Augmented reality 1846:COVID-19 pandemic 1806:virtual classroom 1780: 1779: 1772: 1720:Virtual classroom 1655:Social networking 1564:audience response 1371:Flipped classroom 1365:Flipped classroom 1214:social networking 1202:discussion boards 1153:distance learning 1145:distance learning 1021:Cognitive science 947:E-learning theory 943:learning theories 901:COVID-19 pandemic 825:Videoconferencing 701:elementary school 648:. The concept of 630:teaching machines 626:educational films 570:adaptive learning 563:videoconferencing 551:distance learning 457:elementary school 455:used in a Danish 325: 324: 142:Teacher education 122:Special education 117:School counseling 16:(Redirected from 14301: 14261: 14260: 14251: 14250: 14240: 14239: 14238: 14213: 14201:Falkland Islands 14115:Sovereign states 14104: 14103: 14084:Pitcairn Islands 14054:French Polynesia 14039:Christmas Island 13968:Papua New Guinea 13948:Marshall Islands 13921:Sovereign states 13911: 13910: 13866:Saint Barthélemy 13796:Dependencies and 13669:Sovereign states 13659: 13658: 13594:Dependencies and 13298:Sovereign states 13286: 13285: 13274: 13264: 13263: 13233:Christmas Island 12919:Sovereign states 12906: 12905: 12896: 12895:(United Kingdom) 12891:Tristan da Cunha 12887:Ascension Island 12879: 12866: 12857: 12833:Dependencies and 12526:Sovereign states 12514: 12513: 12503: 12502: 12486: 12434: 12433: 12429: 12428: 12404:Higher education 12400: 12399: 12395: 12394: 12359: 12358: 12354: 12353: 12345:Secondary school 12341: 12340: 12336: 12335: 12302: 12301: 12297: 12296: 12284: 12283: 12279: 12278: 12250: 12249: 12245: 12244: 12219: 12218: 12205: 12204: 12133:Student-centered 12118:Phenomenon-based 12108:Peer instruction 12073:Blended learning 11996:Bloom's taxonomy 11960:Gifted education 11955:Education reform 11787:Computer science 11568: 11567: 11553: 11546: 11539: 11530: 11529: 11515: 11482: 11481: 11471: 11443: 11437: 11436: 11431:. 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Archived from 10539: 10528: 10522: 10521: 10515: 10507: 10487: 10478: 10462:Begley, Sharon. 10460: 10454: 10453: 10441: 10433: 10422: 10421: 10395: 10371: 10365: 10364: 10328: 10322: 10319: 10313: 10312: 10290: 10284: 10283: 10242: 10236: 10235: 10199: 10193: 10192: 10187:. Archived from 10174: 10168: 10167: 10162:. 3 March 2009. 10150: 10144: 10143: 10126: 10120: 10119: 10108: 10102: 10101: 10089: 10079: 10070: 10069: 10061: 10052: 10051: 10023: 10017: 10016: 10014: 10007: 9998: 9992: 9991: 9980: 9974: 9973: 9956: 9950: 9949: 9938: 9929: 9928: 9926: 9920:. Archived from 9887: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9858: 9849: 9843: 9842: 9832: 9822: 9796: 9790: 9789: 9777: 9769: 9763: 9762: 9751: 9745: 9744: 9734: 9704: 9698: 9697: 9695: 9693: 9678: 9669: 9668: 9666: 9664: 9649: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9618: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9598:www.mckinsey.com 9590: 9581: 9580: 9570: 9544: 9531: 9530: 9512: 9506: 9505: 9477: 9471: 9470: 9468: 9466: 9460: 9445: 9436: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9407: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9396: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9355: 9353: 9338: 9329: 9328: 9292: 9276: 9270: 9269: 9245: 9236: 9230: 9229: 9227: 9225: 9205: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9174: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9163: 9141: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9130: 9106: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9064: 9058: 9057: 9055: 9053: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9004: 8998: 8997: 8989: 8983: 8982: 8980: 8978: 8969:. Archived from 8959: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8948: 8942: 8931: 8922: 8916: 8915: 8913: 8911: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8861:(8): 1091–1113. 8849: 8843: 8842: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8775: 8766: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8745: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8734: 8719: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8708: 8692: 8686: 8685: 8683: 8681: 8666: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8652: 8637: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8593: 8574: 8565: 8564: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8523: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8512: 8506: 8491: 8482: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8471: 8449: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8422: 8413: 8412: 8402: 8384: 8360: 8354: 8353: 8343: 8319: 8310: 8309: 8281: 8275: 8274: 8272: 8270: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8247: 8231: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8214:Business Insider 8205: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8180: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8120: 8114: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8086: 8080: 8079: 8047: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8010: 8004: 8003: 7985: 7961: 7955: 7954: 7917: 7911: 7910: 7876: 7870: 7869: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7730: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7687: 7677: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7636: 7612: 7606: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7566: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7540: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7523: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7496: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7470: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7444: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7413: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7396: 7357: 7348: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7317: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7306: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7267: 7261: 7260: 7250: 7226: 7220: 7219: 7212: 7206: 7205: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7158: 7152: 7136: 7127: 7126: 7118: 7110: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7079: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7062: 7050:Education Abroad 7047: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7012: 7006: 6995: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6982:(Research Paper) 6974: 6968: 6967: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6916: 6908: 6897: 6896: 6868: 6862: 6861: 6851: 6842:(3): 1047–1054. 6829: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6784: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6773: 6749: 6743: 6742: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6683: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6633:. 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Archived from 5457: 5449: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5418: 5412: 5411: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5334: 5328: 5325: 5319: 5316: 5307: 5306: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5238: 5232: 5231: 5213: 5200: 5199: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5154: 5145: 5144: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5086: 5077: 5076: 5034: 5026: 5020: 5019: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4958:. Archived from 4953: 4945: 4920:(3330): 969–77. 4909: 4903: 4902: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4873: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4811:(6 April 2021). 4805: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4751: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4642: 4611: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4586:on 22 March 2013 4572: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4555: 4549: 4535: 4529: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4487: 4478: 4471: 4465: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4438:. Archived from 4427: 4421: 4414: 4405: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4382:on 19 March 2018 4378:. Archived from 4365: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4268: 4262: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4238: 4231: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4205: 4199:. Archived from 4182: 4173: 4167: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4143: 4137: 4132:Nye, D. (2007). 4130: 4124: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4048:. pp. 1–4. 4039: 4033: 4032: 4022: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3981: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3931: 3924: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3898: 3887: 3886: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3848: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3828:. 27 July 2010. 3818: 3812: 3811: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3756: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3644: 3638: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3598: 3592: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3564: 3544: 3538: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3472: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3364: 3358: 3357: 3321: 3312: 3311: 3301: 3283: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3239: 3228: 3219: 3193: 3163: 3102: 3078: 3076:Education portal 3073: 3072: 2793:Teacher training 2786:higher education 2649:Over-stimulation 2591:online education 2532:and updates for 2450:Higher education 2441: 2440: 2399:often refers to 2182:learning objects 2161:learning objects 2145:video conference 2074:Learning objects 2015: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1995: 1964: 1956: 1834:academic degrees 1818:higher education 1798:Web conferencing 1775: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1755: 1732: 1724: 1641:Group webpages, 1592:digital literacy 1569:Such devices as 1419:electronic media 1381:higher education 1309:, social media, 1149:blended learning 1056:media psychology 979:Edward C. Tolman 975:Edward Thorndike 941:perspectives or 829:museum education 749:DeVry University 703:students in the 674:Slide projectors 603:have been used. 317: 310: 303: 173:Computer science 132:Female education 127:Gifted education 54: 53: 32:Teaching machine 21: 14309: 14308: 14304: 14303: 14302: 14300: 14299: 14298: 14274: 14273: 14272: 14267: 14236: 14234: 14217: 14211: 14194: 14192: 14182: 14109: 14098: 14026: 14020: 14003: 13997: 13978:Solomon Islands 13916: 13905: 13799: 13797: 13790: 13664: 13653: 13637: 13595: 13589: 13575:Northern Cyprus 13557: 13551: 13472:North Macedonia 13293: 13280: 13252: 13220: 13211: 13192:Northern Cyprus 13178: 13171: 12913: 12900: 12899: 12894: 12877: 12864: 12855: 12836: 12834: 12827: 12811: 12809: 12802: 12521: 12508: 12493: 12492: 12473: 12464: 12455: 12447: 12440: 12418: 12406: 12387: 12378: 12370: 12365: 12347: 12328: 12319: 12311: 12306: 12290: 12271: 12263: 12256: 12212: 12195: 12149: 12068:Active learning 12063:Teaching method 12038:Learning theory 11979: 11945:Autodidacticism 11940:Adult education 11926: 11867:Performing arts 11748: 11655:Teacher quality 11645:Standards-based 11601: 11573: 11562: 11557: 11508: 11490: 11488:Further reading 11485: 11444: 11440: 11419: 11415: 11407: 11396: 11392: 11391: 11380: 11375: 11371: 11360: 11356: 11343: 11342: 11338: 11325: 11324: 11320: 11311:. 2 June 2015. 11300: 11296: 11288: 11277: 11273: 11272: 11268: 11245: 11238: 11223: 11216: 11197: 11190: 11176: 11167: 11128: 11124: 11079: 11072: 11031: 11027: 10996: 10992: 10975: 10971: 10948: 10944: 10936: 10905: 10899: 10892: 10876: 10872: 10825: 10821: 10772: 10768: 10755: 10754: 10750: 10744:Wayback Machine 10734: 10725: 10716: 10701: 10670: 10663: 10650: 10646: 10638: 10631: 10623: 10619: 10583: 10579: 10568:Winner, Langdon 10565: 10556: 10548: 10537: 10529: 10525: 10509: 10508: 10488: 10481: 10471:Wayback Machine 10461: 10457: 10434: 10425: 10372: 10368: 10329: 10325: 10320: 10316: 10291: 10287: 10243: 10239: 10200: 10196: 10175: 10171: 10152: 10151: 10147: 10128: 10127: 10123: 10110: 10109: 10105: 10098: 10080: 10073: 10062: 10055: 10024: 10020: 10012: 10005: 9999: 9995: 9982: 9981: 9977: 9958: 9957: 9953: 9940: 9939: 9932: 9927:on 5 July 2016. 9924: 9885: 9879: 9875: 9867: 9856: 9850: 9846: 9797: 9793: 9770: 9766: 9753: 9752: 9748: 9705: 9701: 9691: 9689: 9680: 9679: 9672: 9662: 9660: 9651: 9650: 9646: 9636: 9634: 9619: 9612: 9602: 9600: 9592: 9591: 9584: 9545: 9534: 9513: 9509: 9478: 9474: 9464: 9462: 9458: 9443: 9437: 9430: 9420: 9418: 9409: 9408: 9404: 9394: 9392: 9365: 9361: 9351: 9349: 9339: 9332: 9317: 9277: 9273: 9266: 9243: 9237: 9233: 9223: 9221: 9206: 9202: 9192: 9190: 9175: 9171: 9161: 9159: 9142: 9138: 9128: 9126: 9107: 9103: 9093: 9091: 9084: 9065: 9061: 9051: 9049: 9048:on 2 April 2016 9038: 9034: 9024: 9022: 9005: 9001: 8990: 8986: 8976: 8974: 8961: 8960: 8956: 8946: 8944: 8940: 8929: 8923: 8919: 8909: 8907: 8894: 8890: 8850: 8846: 8813: 8809: 8776: 8769: 8759: 8757: 8746: 8742: 8732: 8730: 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Desert News. 5335: 5331: 5326: 5322: 5317: 5310: 5303: 5289: 5285: 5278: 5264: 5260: 5253: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5214: 5203: 5180: 5176: 5169: 5155: 5148: 5137: 5133: 5126: 5112: 5108: 5101: 5087: 5080: 5027: 5023: 4986:(989): 427–43. 4974: 4970: 4962: 4951: 4947: 4946:and others see 4910: 4906: 4889: 4885: 4874: 4870: 4860: 4858: 4849: 4848: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4825: 4809:Kaplan, Andreas 4806: 4802: 4792: 4790: 4779: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4752: 4748: 4738: 4736: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4708: 4706: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4671:. 25 May 2011. 4668:Huffington Post 4661: 4660: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4609: 4603: 4599: 4589: 4587: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4561: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4546:Wayback Machine 4536: 4532: 4523: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4488: 4481: 4472: 4468: 4459: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4428: 4424: 4415: 4408: 4399: 4395: 4385: 4383: 4366: 4362: 4352: 4350: 4345:. 9 June 2017. 4341: 4340: 4336: 4326: 4324: 4309: 4305: 4288: 4284: 4269: 4265: 4256: 4252: 4242: 4240: 4239:on 17 July 2010 4236: 4229: 4223: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4206:on 5 March 2016 4203: 4180: 4174: 4170: 4161: 4157: 4144: 4140: 4131: 4127: 4118: 4114: 4083: 4079: 4064: 4040: 4036: 3999: 3995: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3945: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3922: 3914: 3910: 3899: 3890: 3875: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3835: 3833: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3792: 3788: 3757: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3679: 3675: 3664: 3660: 3645: 3641: 3632: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3586: 3545: 3541: 3529: 3525: 3514: 3498: 3494: 3446: 3442: 3434: 3428: 3424: 3414: 3412: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3365: 3361: 3346: 3322: 3315: 3257: 3253: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3226: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3191: 3161: 3100: 3074: 3067: 3064: 3023: 3017: 3008: 2991:Self-assessment 2987: 2937:student testing 2875:learning styles 2830: 2822:Main articles: 2820: 2795: 2746: 2744:Data protection 2727: 2721: 2664: 2651: 2608: 2567: 2558: 2526: 2458: 2452: 2428:Virtual reality 2426:, for example: 2413:charter schools 2409:Virtual schools 2401:virtual schools 2367:school bullying 2363:school violence 2320: 2314: 2269:Preschool class 2263: 2258: 2234:detection tools 2200: 2194: 2157: 2128: 2095:learning object 2087: 2082: 2080:Learning object 2076: 2071: 2053:(ERP), it is a 2043: 2016: 2005: 1999: 1996: 1981: 1965: 1954: 1927: 1899:Blackboard Inc. 1889:Internet-based 1872: 1866: 1854: 1790: 1782:Main articles: 1776: 1765: 1759: 1756: 1745: 1733: 1722: 1703:, analogous to 1678: 1670:Main articles: 1668: 1639: 1633: 1608: 1530: 1491:Radio offers a 1446: 1444:Audio and video 1389: 1373: 1367: 1358:Hurricane Irene 1303:social software 1281:social learning 1274: 1268: 1235: 1233:Linear learning 1161: 1138: 1132: 1093:active learning 1086:. This form of 1072: 1037:and Baddeley's 1018: 1002:verbal behavior 967: 935: 919:Main articles: 917: 836:Open University 678:Cuisenaire rods 668:Cuisenaire rods 634:multiple choice 588: 582: 561:resources, and 472:online learning 445: 405:, for instance 368: 356:learning theory 321: 259:Factor analysis 203:Performing arts 178:Early childhood 147:Teaching method 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14307: 14297: 14296: 14291: 14286: 14269: 14268: 14266: 14265: 14255: 14245: 14230: 14227: 14226: 14223: 14222: 14219: 14218: 14216: 14215: 14208: 14203: 14197: 14195: 14187: 14184: 14183: 14181: 14180: 14175: 14170: 14165: 14160: 14155: 14150: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14119: 14117: 14111: 14110: 14100: 14099: 14097: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14074:Norfolk Island 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14034:American Samoa 14030: 14028: 14022: 14021: 14019: 14018: 14013: 14007: 14005: 14004:of New Zealand 13999: 13998: 13996: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 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11581: 11575: 11574: 11564: 11563: 11556: 11555: 11548: 11541: 11533: 11527: 11526: 11521: 11507: 11506:External links 11504: 11503: 11502: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11483: 11454:(3): 201–231. 11438: 11413: 11401:www.docebo.com 11378: 11369: 11354: 11336: 11318: 11294: 11266: 11236: 11214: 11188: 11165: 11122: 11070: 11025: 10990: 10969: 10942: 10916:(4): 393–416. 10890: 10870: 10819: 10788:(4): 351–365. 10766: 10748: 10723: 10699: 10680:(1): 216–235. 10661: 10644: 10617: 10598:(3): 561–577. 10577: 10554: 10523: 10479: 10455: 10423: 10366: 10343:(3): 281–300. 10323: 10314: 10285: 10237: 10194: 10169: 10145: 10121: 10103: 10096: 10071: 10053: 10034:(3): 279–307. 10018: 9993: 9975: 9951: 9930: 9873: 9844: 9791: 9781:Bloomberg News 9764: 9746: 9717:(1): 179–225. 9699: 9688:on 1 July 2013 9670: 9659:on 6 July 2013 9644: 9633:on 20 May 2013 9610: 9582: 9532: 9518:Education Next 9507: 9488:(5): 188–191. 9472: 9428: 9415:Skills for All 9402: 9359: 9330: 9315: 9271: 9264: 9231: 9200: 9169: 9136: 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Edweek.org. 8714: 8695:publications. 8687: 8658: 8629: 8599: 8566: 8548: 8518: 8477: 8444: 8414: 8355: 8311: 8276: 8250: 8226: 8200: 8175: 8141: 8115: 8081: 8062:(4): 603–607. 8035: 8005: 7976:(1): 536–537. 7956: 7942: 7912: 7897: 7871: 7856: 7830: 7803:(4): 253–278. 7787: 7742: 7721:(4): 471–533. 7699: 7662:Sustainability 7648: 7627:(4): 885–928. 7607: 7587: 7561: 7535: 7518: 7491: 7476:. 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13255: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13225: 13223: 13218: 13214: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13202:South Ossetia 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13184: 13182: 13180: 13174: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12924: 12922: 12920: 12916: 12912: 12907: 12892: 12888: 12884: 12881: 12875: 12871: 12868: 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12439: 12438:Undergraduate 12436: 12435: 12430: 12427: 12426: 12422: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12405: 12402: 12401: 12396: 12393: 12374: 12368: 12364: 12363:Middle school 12361: 12360: 12355: 12352: 12351: 12346: 12343: 12342: 12337: 12334: 12315: 12309: 12304: 12303: 12298: 12295: 12294: 12289: 12286: 12285: 12280: 12277: 12267: 12262: 12259: 12255: 12252: 12251: 12246: 12243: 12242: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12220: 12215: 12211: 12206: 12202: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12152: 12146: 12143: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12128:Project-based 12126: 12124: 12123:Problem-based 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12083:Demonstration 12081: 12079: 12078:Contemplative 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12065: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12018: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11988: 11986: 11982: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11965:Homeschooling 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11937: 11935: 11933: 11929: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11812:Environmental 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11759: 11757: 11755: 11751: 11743: 11740: 11739: 11738: 11737:Instructional 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11640:Psychometrics 11638: 11634: 11631: 11630: 11629: 11626: 11625: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11610: 11608: 11604: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11584: 11582: 11580: 11576: 11569: 11565: 11561: 11554: 11549: 11547: 11542: 11540: 11535: 11534: 11531: 11525: 11522: 11519: 11514: 11510: 11509: 11500: 11496: 11492: 11491: 11479: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11442: 11434: 11430: 11429: 11424: 11417: 11406: 11402: 11395: 11389: 11387: 11385: 11383: 11373: 11365: 11358: 11350: 11346: 11340: 11332: 11328: 11322: 11314: 11310: 11309: 11304: 11298: 11287: 11283: 11276: 11270: 11262: 11258: 11254: 11250: 11243: 11241: 11232: 11228: 11221: 11219: 11210: 11206: 11202: 11195: 11193: 11183: 11182: 11174: 11172: 11170: 11161: 11157: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11126: 11118: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11100: 11096: 11092: 11088: 11084: 11077: 11075: 11066: 11062: 11058: 11054: 11050: 11046: 11042: 11038: 11037: 11029: 11020: 11015: 11011: 11007: 11006: 11001: 10994: 10986: 10982: 10981: 10973: 10965: 10961: 10957: 10953: 10946: 10935: 10931: 10927: 10923: 10919: 10915: 10911: 10904: 10897: 10895: 10887:(4): 283–295. 10886: 10882: 10874: 10866: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10838: 10834: 10830: 10823: 10815: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10787: 10783: 10782: 10777: 10770: 10762: 10758: 10752: 10745: 10741: 10738: 10732: 10730: 10728: 10720: 10714: 10712: 10710: 10708: 10706: 10704: 10695: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10679: 10675: 10668: 10666: 10657: 10656: 10648: 10637: 10630: 10629: 10621: 10613: 10609: 10605: 10601: 10597: 10593: 10592: 10587: 10581: 10573: 10569: 10563: 10561: 10559: 10547: 10543: 10536: 10535: 10527: 10519: 10513: 10505: 10501: 10498:(19): 42–49. 10497: 10493: 10486: 10484: 10476: 10472: 10468: 10465: 10459: 10451: 10447: 10446: 10440: 10432: 10430: 10428: 10419: 10415: 10411: 10407: 10403: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10385: 10381: 10380:Nursing Forum 10377: 10370: 10362: 10358: 10354: 10350: 10346: 10342: 10338: 10334: 10327: 10318: 10310: 10306: 10302: 10301: 10296: 10289: 10282: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10266: 10262: 10258: 10254: 10250: 10249: 10241: 10233: 10229: 10225: 10221: 10217: 10213: 10209: 10205: 10198: 10190: 10186: 10185: 10180: 10173: 10165: 10161: 10160: 10155: 10149: 10141: 10137: 10136: 10131: 10125: 10117: 10113: 10107: 10099: 10093: 10088: 10087: 10078: 10076: 10067: 10060: 10058: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10029: 10022: 10011: 10004: 9997: 9989: 9985: 9979: 9971: 9967: 9966: 9961: 9955: 9947: 9943: 9937: 9935: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9891: 9884: 9877: 9866: 9862: 9855: 9848: 9840: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9812: 9808: 9807: 9802: 9795: 9787: 9783: 9782: 9776: 9768: 9760: 9756: 9750: 9742: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9711: 9703: 9687: 9683: 9677: 9675: 9658: 9654: 9648: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9617: 9615: 9599: 9595: 9589: 9587: 9578: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9555: 9550: 9543: 9541: 9539: 9537: 9528: 9524: 9520: 9519: 9511: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9476: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9442: 9435: 9433: 9416: 9412: 9406: 9390: 9386: 9382: 9378: 9374: 9370: 9363: 9348: 9344: 9337: 9335: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9312: 9308: 9304: 9300: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9282: 9275: 9267: 9261: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9242: 9235: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9204: 9188: 9184: 9180: 9173: 9157: 9153: 9152: 9147: 9140: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9105: 9089: 9085: 9079: 9076: 9072: 9071: 9063: 9047: 9043: 9036: 9020: 9016: 9015: 9010: 9003: 8995: 8988: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8958: 8939: 8935: 8928: 8927:"Projet SEUR" 8921: 8905: 8901: 8900: 8892: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8848: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8819: 8811: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8791: 8787: 8783: 8782: 8774: 8772: 8755: 8751: 8744: 8728: 8724: 8718: 8702: 8698: 8691: 8676: 8672: 8665: 8663: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8634: 8617: 8613: 8609: 8603: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8573: 8571: 8562: 8558: 8552: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8522: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8488: 8481: 8465: 8461: 8460: 8455: 8448: 8432: 8428: 8421: 8419: 8410: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8359: 8351: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8318: 8316: 8307: 8303: 8299: 8295: 8291: 8287: 8280: 8265: 8261: 8254: 8246: 8241: 8237: 8230: 8215: 8211: 8204: 8189: 8185: 8179: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8145: 8130: 8126: 8119: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8085: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8046: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8023: 8019: 8018:www.wiley.com 8015: 8009: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7967: 7960: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7939: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7916: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7875: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7834: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7791: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7754: 7746: 7738: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7715: 7710: 7703: 7695: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7668:(16): 12451. 7667: 7663: 7659: 7652: 7644: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7618: 7611: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7591: 7575: 7571: 7565: 7549: 7545: 7539: 7528: 7522: 7506: 7502: 7499:Auer, Sören. 7495: 7479: 7475: 7469: 7453: 7449: 7443: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7412: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7354: 7347: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7316: 7301: 7297: 7291: 7276: 7272: 7266: 7258: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7225: 7217: 7211: 7203: 7199: 7192: 7184: 7178: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7165: 7157: 7151:. TechTarget. 7150: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7138:Carpenter S. 7135: 7133: 7124: 7123: 7117: 7109: 7093: 7089: 7088:pelinks4u.org 7085: 7078: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7044: 7037: 7021: 7017: 7011: 7005:(2), 121-128. 7004: 7000: 6994: 6992: 6980: 6973: 6965: 6963:9781119792031 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6936: 6920: 6913: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6867: 6859: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6836: 6828: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6783: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6748: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6709: 6693: 6689: 6682: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6652: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6621: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6592: 6583: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6556:(52): 41–50. 6555: 6551: 6550: 6545: 6538: 6530: 6529: 6521: 6502: 6495: 6488: 6472: 6468: 6461: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6422: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6383: 6375: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6324: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6285: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6246: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6199: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6162: 6154: 6146: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6103: 6095: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6066: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6023: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5980: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5933: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5886: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5845: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5788: 5772: 5768: 5762: 5746: 5742: 5741:"Escuela 2.0" 5736: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5706: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5662: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5630: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5595: 5586: 5584: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5560: 5553: 5546: 5545:public domain 5527: 5523: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5490: 5486: 5480: 5461: 5454: 5448: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5417: 5409: 5405: 5402:. Routledge. 5401: 5393: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5360: 5344: 5340: 5333: 5324: 5315: 5313: 5304: 5298: 5294: 5287: 5279: 5273: 5269: 5262: 5254: 5248: 5244: 5237: 5229: 5223: 5219: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5178: 5170: 5164: 5160: 5153: 5151: 5142: 5135: 5127: 5121: 5117: 5110: 5102: 5096: 5092: 5085: 5083: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5025: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4972: 4961: 4957: 4956:bfskinner.org 4950: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4908: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4887: 4879: 4872: 4856: 4852: 4846: 4830: 4826: 4820: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4804: 4788: 4784: 4777: 4761: 4757: 4750: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4690: 4674: 4670: 4669: 4664: 4658: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4601: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4560: 4554: 4547: 4543: 4540: 4534: 4527: 4521: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4484: 4476: 4470: 4463: 4457: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4419: 4413: 4411: 4403: 4397: 4381: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4364: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4307: 4299: 4298: 4297:New Scientist 4293: 4286: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4260: 4254: 4235: 4228: 4221: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4165: 4159: 4151: 4150: 4142: 4135: 4129: 4122: 4116: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4081: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4046: 4038: 4030: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3956: 3947: 3928: 3921: 3920: 3912: 3904: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3884: 3880: 3873: 3857: 3853: 3847: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3677: 3669: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3643: 3636: 3635:Richey, R. C. 3630: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3597: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3543: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3506:. Routledge. 3505: 3504: 3496: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3433: 3426: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3380: 3376: 3375: 3370: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3320: 3318: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3268: 3263: 3255: 3236: 3232: 3225: 3218: 3214: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3118:Digital Break 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3077: 3071: 3066: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3050:specialists, 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3022: 3012: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2975: 2973: 2970:In 2014, the 2968: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2854: 2852: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2790: 2787: 2782: 2773: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2741: 2739: 2731: 2726: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2659: 2655: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2627: 2626: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2606:Disadvantages 2603: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2577: 2571: 2562: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2521: 2517: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2484: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2462: 2457: 2447: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2387: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2355: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2288: 2278: 2274: 2267: 2253: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2242:hallucination 2237: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2199: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2132: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2100: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2081: 2066: 2064: 2059: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2014: 2011: 2003: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1969:This section 1967: 1963: 1958: 1957: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1942:crowdsourcing 1938: 1936: 1932: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1911:synchronously 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1885: 1876: 1871: 1861: 1857: 1849: 1847: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1785: 1774: 1771: 1763: 1753: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1737:This section 1735: 1731: 1726: 1725: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1693: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1663: 1661: 1660:self-efficacy 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1638: 1628: 1626: 1625:Maker culture 1621: 1617: 1613: 1603: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1545: 1542: 1534: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1504: 1503:Screencasting 1500: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1464:, as well as 1463: 1459: 1450: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1398: 1393: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1362: 1359: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1204:, as well as 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1137: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 992: 988: 984: 983:Clark L. Hull 980: 976: 972: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 934: 930: 926: 922: 912: 910: 906: 902: 897: 893: 889: 887: 883: 881: 876: 873: 869: 865: 861: 856: 853: 850:By 1994, the 848: 845: 840: 837: 832: 830: 826: 822: 820: 814: 810: 809:(1980–1986). 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 787:Murray Turoff 784: 783: 778: 773: 770: 765: 764:Linda Harasim 756: 752: 750: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 716: 714: 711:. Stanford's 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 681: 679: 675: 669: 665: 661: 659: 658:Vannevar Bush 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 592: 587: 577: 575: 571: 566: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 539:virtual world 536: 530: 528: 524: 521: 515: 513: 509: 505: 501: 496: 492: 487: 485: 481: 475: 473: 469: 465: 458: 454: 449: 443:Related terms 437: 433: 430: 426: 422: 419: 415: 411: 408: 404: 400: 397: 393: 392: 391: 388: 386: 381: 377: 373: 363: 361: 357: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 318: 313: 311: 306: 304: 299: 298: 296: 295: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 274:Meta-analysis 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 236: 235: 234: 230: 229: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 160: 159: 158: 154: 153: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 102: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 70: 69: 68: 67: 63: 62: 59: 56: 55: 52: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 18:Online course 14233: 14189:Dependencies 14025:Dependencies 14011:Cook Islands 13891:Sint Maarten 13871:Saint Martin 13585:Transnistria 13217:Dependencies 13147:Turkmenistan 13112:Saudi Arabia 12883:Saint Helena 12854: 12758:South Africa 12748:Sierra Leone 12553:Burkina Faso 12445:Postgraduate 12261:Kindergarten 12113:Personalized 12093:Experiential 12053:Teacher look 11762:Agricultural 11731: 11618:Anthropology 11494: 11451: 11447: 11441: 11433:the original 11426: 11416: 11405:the original 11400: 11372: 11363: 11357: 11339: 11321: 11306: 11297: 11281: 11269: 11255:(2): 73–90. 11252: 11248: 11230: 11208: 11204: 11180: 11135: 11131: 11125: 11090: 11086: 11043:(2): 62–68. 11040: 11034: 11028: 11012:(2): 39–47. 11009: 11003: 10993: 10984: 10979: 10972: 10962:(2): 19–27. 10959: 10955: 10945: 10913: 10909: 10884: 10880: 10873: 10836: 10832: 10822: 10785: 10779: 10769: 10751: 10718: 10677: 10673: 10653: 10647: 10636:the original 10627: 10620: 10595: 10589: 10580: 10571: 10546:the original 10533: 10526: 10512:cite journal 10495: 10491: 10474: 10458: 10443: 10386:(1): 52–57. 10383: 10379: 10369: 10340: 10336: 10326: 10317: 10300:ResearchGate 10298: 10288: 10247: 10240: 10211: 10207: 10197: 10189:the original 10182: 10172: 10157: 10148: 10133: 10124: 10116:the original 10106: 10085: 10065: 10031: 10027: 10021: 9996: 9978: 9963: 9954: 9922:the original 9896:(2): 54–62. 9893: 9889: 9876: 9860: 9847: 9810: 9804: 9794: 9779: 9767: 9749: 9714: 9708: 9702: 9690:. 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Retrieved 3230: 3217: 3024: 3009: 2988: 2976: 2969: 2949: 2945:e-assessment 2915: 2911: 2883: 2878: 2872: 2859: 2855: 2848: 2844: 2843:Assessments 2842: 2840:technology. 2837: 2833: 2831: 2812: 2808: 2796: 2778: 2747: 2735: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2669: 2665: 2656: 2652: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2630: 2623: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2609: 2600: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2559: 2527: 2518: 2487: 2471: 2467: 2417: 2394: 2390: 2382: 2360: 2332: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2272: 2250: 2238: 2220: 2201: 2158: 2140: 2137: 2088: 2060: 2044: 2027:e-assessment 2021: 2006: 1997: 1982:Please help 1970: 1939: 1928: 1888: 1881: 1858: 1855: 1843: 1815: 1803: 1791: 1766: 1757: 1746:Please help 1741:verification 1738: 1716:whiteboard. 1698: 1640: 1612:Raspberry Pi 1609: 1576: 1568: 1553: 1546: 1539: 1508: 1501: 1497:asynchronous 1490: 1455: 1439: 1416: 1402: 1387:Technologies 1378: 1374: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1335: 1331: 1275: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1236: 1226:asynchronous 1225: 1180: 1173: 1169:asynchronous 1162: 1139: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1108: 1073: 1064: 1044:Noam Chomsky 1019: 998:B.F. Skinner 996: 987:B.F. Skinner 968: 936: 898: 894: 890: 884: 877: 857: 849: 841: 833: 823: 815: 811: 780: 774: 761: 717: 682: 672: 615:such as the 597: 567: 531: 526: 522: 516: 488: 483: 479: 476: 461: 398:to learning. 389: 369: 352: 347: 335: 331: 327: 326: 106: 51: 14263:WikiProject 13958:New Zealand 13861:Puerto Rico 13771:Saint Lucia 13721:El Salvador 13623:Isle of Man 13558:recognition 13532:Switzerland 13467:Netherlands 13276:Asia portal 13177:States with 13097:Philippines 13037:South Korea 13032:North Korea 12927:Afghanistan 12810:recognition 12763:South Sudan 12653:Ivory Coast 12369:High school 12166:Definitions 12043:Lesson plan 11932:Alternative 11837:Mathematics 11807:Engineering 11469:10036/78389 9732:11059/15126 9193:12 February 9162:20 November 9129:20 November 9094:20 November 8511:20 November 8470:21 February 8437:24 November 7760:(6): 4–16. 7511:22 February 7401:20 December 7366:: 504–506. 7336:14 February 7204:(3): 27–32. 6948:: 317–348. 6573:10272/14086 6438:: 334–345. 6399:: 354–369. 6136:10481/82873 6078:: 746–749. 5800:: 182–191. 5725:11 November 5695:20 November 5650:20 November 5619:20 November 5495:10 February 4243:4 September 4210:4 September 3691:(1): 30–6. 3415:26 December 3385:26 December 3097:Brightstorm 3085:ADDIE Model 3006:Expenditure 2508:founded by 2444:La Variable 2432:3D printing 2287:Jean Piaget 2055:back office 1844:Due to the 1705:blackboards 1701:whiteboards 1666:Whiteboards 1577:Studies in 1560:smartphones 1493:synchronous 1486:video games 1470:synchronous 1431:ePortfolios 1248:web browser 1165:synchronous 1026:behaviorism 1016:Cognitivism 991:behaviorism 971:Ivan Pavlov 965:Behaviorism 955:cognitivism 951:behaviorism 939:pedagogical 777:Ivan Illich 609:blackboards 269:Focus group 239:Case method 198:Mathematics 183:Engineering 64:Disciplines 14294:E-learning 14278:Categories 13856:Montserrat 13851:Martinique 13846:Guadeloupe 13701:Costa Rica 13502:San Marino 13462:Montenegro 13442:Luxembourg 13422:Kazakhstan 13325:Azerbaijan 13157:Uzbekistan 13132:Tajikistan 13047:Kyrgyzstan 13027:Kazakhstan 12947:Bangladesh 12937:Azerbaijan 12865:(Portugal) 12823:Somaliland 12743:Seychelles 12708:Mozambique 12693:Mauritania 12678:Madagascar 12633:The Gambia 12568:Cape Verde 12421:Continuing 12411:Vocational 12016:Curriculum 11950:Democratic 11922:Vocational 11912:Technology 11872:Philosophy 11754:By subject 11732:Technology 11712:Psychology 11697:Philosophy 11687:Leadership 11628:Evaluation 11623:Assessment 11138:(1): 101. 11093:(2): 146. 10214:(2): 6–7. 9627:eurodl.org 9527:1237831598 8781:TechTrends 8733:24 October 8707:24 October 8245:2305.15047 8056:TechTrends 7675:2305.18303 7484:24 October 7458:24 October 7275:rkdf.ac.in 6772:5 November 6671:22 October 6477:25 October 5949:(1): 1–5. 5777:22 October 5751:22 October 5469:8 December 5349:30 January 4861:1 February 4855:TechCrunch 4510:22 October 4446:7 November 4375:Peterson's 3862:22 October 3619:31 October 3549:TechTrends 3457:TechTrends 3405:TechCrunch 3210:References 2818:Assessment 2766:biometrics 2478:non-profit 2474:for-profit 2411:are "cyber 2000:March 2019 1760:March 2019 1672:Whiteboard 1620:BeagleBone 1579:pre-school 1549:m-learning 1514:webcasting 1460:tapes and 1397:slide rule 1134:See also: 864:multimedia 709:California 638:Army Alpha 617:mimeograph 574:smart city 559:multimedia 527:principles 523:emphasizes 520:m-learning 512:m-learning 495:multimedia 380:evaluation 366:Definition 360:m-learning 223:Vocational 218:Technology 107:Technology 97:Psychology 92:Philosophy 82:Evaluation 14178:Venezuela 14123:Argentina 13928:Australia 13841:Greenland 13756:Nicaragua 13731:Guatemala 13613:Gibraltar 13437:Lithuania 13243:Hong Kong 13197:Palestine 13122:Sri Lanka 13117:Singapore 12997:Indonesia 12698:Mauritius 12254:Preschool 12154:Wikimedia 11892:Religious 11817:Euthenics 11802:Economics 11782:Chemistry 11772:Bilingual 11727:Sociology 11682:Inclusion 11662:Economics 11560:Education 10985:TED Talks 10814:219036372 10694:144745385 10586:Marx, Leo 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