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Optimized Systems Software

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simply jumps to a FOR statement via its address. The BASIC XL FAST command replaces constant targets of GOTO/GOSUB/NEXT with addresses. This gives a huge performance boost, making loops run as fast as Microsoft BASIC, and the program as a whole even faster. The downside is that an address becomes
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A word processing application available in a bank-selected cartridge and a double-sided disk (master disk on one side, dictionary disk on the other side). It was developed by Madison Micro and published by OSS in 1984. According to Bill Wilkinson, OSS was already building a word processor, but
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OSS extended the successful OS/A+ product with additional capabilities for version 4, many of which were arguably ahead of their time. For example, the strict "8.3" naming scheme (eight alphanumeric characters with a three character extension) was replaced by "long" filenames, similar to the
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consisted of two portions, a memory-resident portion that facilitated access to disk files by programs, and a disk-resident portion providing menu-driven utilities to format, copy, delete, rename, and otherwise manipulate files on Atari's 810 disk drive. The menu system was too large to keep
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but also included a menu program. Featured extensions that took advantage of unused memory space in Atari XL/XE computers and OSS supercartridges. Included support for Indus GT Synchromesh. Due to lack of demand and Atari working on a new version of DOS, OSS decided to halt development of
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in 1984 stated that "BASIC XL is the fastest and most powerful version of BASIC available for Atari computers", with "exceptional" documentation. The magazine concluded that "This is the language that should be built into Atari computers. Is anyone at Atari listening?"
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who had concluded that their versions of BASIC and DOS were not viable. The new company enhanced the programs, renaming them OS/A+ (the Disk Operating System), BASIC A+ (a disk-based language), and EASMD (an update to the Assembler Editor). OSS continued to work with
465:(or BASIC A+), which is compatible with Atari BASIC, corrects several bugs, and adds many new features. It includes PRINT USING (for formatted output), trace and debug enhancements, direct DOS commands, and explicit support for the graphics hardware including 346:). The command line was small enough to remain in memory with most applications, removing the need for the dreaded post-program reload. When first introduced at the West Coast Computer Faire, the program was named CP/A, but a lawyer from 514:
BASIC XE is an enhanced version of the BASIC XL bank-selected cartridge, with additional functions and high-speed math routines. Because it requires 64KB, it only runs on an XL/XE systems. A runtime package was not released. The
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was designed to fit in an 8K cartridge, with an optional cartridge for the second slot of the Atari 800 adding additional capability. The second cartridge was never produced. Instead, OSS produced the disk-based
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combines a full-screen editor with a compiler that generates code directly to memory without involving disk access. The language found a niche for being over a hundred times faster than
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with Personal Prolog (which was also advertised for the Atari ST, but may not have been released). OSS was not as significant in those markets. The company merged with ICD in 1988.
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was a disk-based replacement for the Atari DOS and the Apple II DOS. It replaced the menu-driven utilities with a compact command line approach similar to
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Optimized Systems Software was formed in early 1981 by Bill Wilkinson, Mike Peters, Paul Laughton, and Kathleen O'Brien. Laughton, the primary author of
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invalid if the program is edited during runtime, preventing it from being CONTinued, unlike Atari BASIC which generally allows this after any edit.
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and various Atari computer hardware add-ons). In 1994, Fine Tooned Engineering obtained limited rights to ICD's 8-bit products before disappearing.
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and FOR...NEXT loops. In Atari BASIC, any GOTO searches the entire program for the provided line number, and FOR...NEXT loops use the same code.
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originally released on disk in 1982, then on a bank-switched "supercartridge" in 1983 which includes an integrated debugger (DDT). Like
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BASIC XL is a bank-selected cartridge version of the language that replaced BASIC A+. It fixes bugs and has even more features. The
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in March 1981. The products they released over the next several years became respected among Atari programmers, particularly the
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The team that developed Atari BASIC while at Shepherdson Microsystems developed a series of three increasingly sophisticated
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for Atari. Laughton and O'Brien (married) were not as involved with the company and were bought out by Peters and Wilkinson.
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was larger as well, resulting in insufficient memory to run some popular applications. As a result of these drawbacks,
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programming language, and BASIC XL. In a 1984 interview, Bill Wilkinson said the company consisted of 15 people.
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memory-resident, but the necessity to reload the menu system after every program was frustrating to many users.
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language developed by J. Lohse for the Atari ST and released by OSS in 1987. It came with a 500+ page manual.
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contains additional code and examples for use with the BASIC XL and a runtime package for redistribution.
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and tokenizes each line as it is entered. It is significantly faster than Atari's assemblers. The
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overcomes this limitation and allows distribution of Action!-compiled projects.
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did not achieve the market penetration as the earlier product. OSS did reissue
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A significant change in BASIC XL is the handling of line number lookups in
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with integrated development environments, and applications primarily for
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sold poorly and lost money. Personal Pascal sold over 10,000 copies.
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ebug) is the first editor/assembler from OSS. Based on the original
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According to Bill Wilkinson, OSS sold about 12,000 copies of
622: 489: 241: 228:, BASIC XL, and BASIC XE are based on Atari BASIC. EASMD and 216:, and many OSS products are substantially improved versions. 742:
tutor developed for the Atari 8-bit and Apple II computers.
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functions are on the cartridge. The separately available
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Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
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Defunct companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
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developed by LightSpeed Software for a subset of the
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runtime can be used, but restricted to XL functions.
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A cartridge-based development system for a readable
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In January 1988, OSS merged with ICD (the makers of
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A User's Guide and Reference Manual for DOS XL 2.30
393:for a brief period when they decided not to modify 2142: 2156:Defunct software companies of the United States 1094: 590:disk contains additional code and examples. 200:. The founders of OSS previously developed 1101: 1087: 884: 826: 824: 625:-like language that compiles to efficient 2186:Software companies disestablished in 1988 974: 832:"Personal Pascal for the Atari ST Manual" 696:; it was developed by Tiny C Associates. 316: 66:Learn how and when to remove this message 2171:Companies based in Cupertino, California 989:. Optimized Systems Software, Inc. 1984. 909: 811:"The First and Finest (OSS magazine ad)" 805: 803: 801: 676:is needed to create an executable file. 29:This article includes a list of general 957: 951: 867: 821: 381:, breaking backward compatibility. The 2181:Software companies established in 1981 2176:American companies established in 1981 2143: 960:"8-bit Product Reviews: Writer's Tool" 861: 848: 1082: 1075:Basic XE from O.S.S. (Product Review) 890: 842: 798: 637:, but much easier to program in than 2196:1988 disestablishments in California 784: 720: 15: 373:with earlier systems; Atari DOS or 13: 849:Savetz, Kevin (October 21, 2014). 699: 605: 377:could not read disks formatted by 282:, and Atari Assembler Editor from 35:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 2212: 2191:1981 establishments in California 1055: 792:"Inside Atari DOS - Introduction" 20: 993: 715: 397:for double-sided disk support. 1073:Antic Vol. 4, No. 9 - Jan 1986 933: 903: 868:Ellison, Peter (August 1984). 855:ANTIC: The Atari 8-Bit Podcast 617:Action! (programming language) 188:) was a company that produced 1: 1991: 1986: 1049:OSS Newsletter - October 1984 1005:ANTIC The Atari 8-bit Podcast 1001:"Interview 7: Bill Wilkinson" 912:"A New Langue for the Atari!" 777: 733: 598:BUG/65 is a machine language 522: 255:with Personal Pascal and the 1044:OSS Newsletter - Spring 1984 708:generating compiler for the 582:, MAC/65 uses line-numbered 357:Microsoft DOS transition to 7: 1340:Extra! Basic Macro Language 1306:Data General Extended BASIC 1024:The Atari BASIC Source Book 958:Rainbow, Tom (March 1985). 891:White, Jerry (March 1984). 509: 472: 446: 278:OSS purchased Atari BASIC, 139:; 36 years ago 107:; 43 years ago 10: 2217: 2151:Optimized Systems Software 870:"Bill Wilkinson Interview" 614: 610: 563: 450: 404: 262: 182:Optimized Systems Software 79:Optimized Systems Software 2035:Disk Extended Color BASIC 1949: 1902: 1854: 1841: 1793: 1707: 1695: 1648:Open Programming Language 1611: 1498: 1486: 1441: 1363: 1324: 1277: 1244: 1221: 1193: 1164: 1129: 1122: 1068:The Atari 400/800 and OSS 851:"Paul Laughton Interview" 679: 593: 559: 400: 296:West Coast Computer Faire 224:are based on Atari DOS. 167: 159: 151: 133: 119: 101: 91: 83: 1933:WinFBE, Visual FB Editor 1311:Southampton BASIC System 1022:Wilkinson, Bill (1983). 983:The Writer's Tool Manual 910:Moriarty, Brian (1984). 762:by about 2.5 or 3 to 1. 745: 647:Action! Run-Time Package 527: 434: 414:was designed to replace 321: 251:OSS transitioned to the 754:before the ICD merger. 659: 467:player/missile graphics 284:Shepardson Microsystems 96:Shepardson Microsystems 50:more precise citations. 2085:MS BASIC for Macintosh 1869:Visual Basic (classic) 1174:TI-BASIC (calculators) 1113:programming language ( 694:C programming language 670:C programming language 550:Atari Assembler Editor 365:However, unlike VFAT, 317:Disk Operating Systems 273:Atari Assembler Editor 234:Atari Assembler Editor 210:Atari Assembler Editor 190:disk operating systems 2161:Atari 8-bit computers 1972:Atari Microsoft BASIC 1815:Microsoft Small Basic 1782:Embedded Visual Basic 1345:VSI BASIC for OpenVMS 198:Atari 8-bit computers 194:programming languages 173:Cupertino, California 2040:Extended Color BASIC 1208:Rocky Mountain BASIC 1203:HP Time-Shared BASIC 1062:Dan's tribute to OSS 692:for a subset of the 684:Tiny C, stylized as 2120:TI BASIC (TI 99/4A) 2010:Benton Harbor BASIC 1223:Locomotive Software 770:by about 1.5 to 1. 371:backward compatible 294:OSS debuted at the 232:are modeled on the 80: 1026:. Compute! Books. 441:BASIC interpreters 78: 2138: 2137: 1998:BASIC Programming 1945: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1884:Visual Basic .NET 1691: 1690: 1482: 1481: 1469:Super Expander 64 1179:TI Extended BASIC 1166:Texas Instruments 893:"Product Reviews" 728:The Writer's Tool 721:The Writer's Tool 639:assembly language 179: 178: 137:January 1988 76: 75: 68: 2208: 1852: 1851: 1825:OpenOffice Basic 1705: 1704: 1496: 1495: 1434: 1264:North Star BASIC 1231:Locomotive BASIC 1127: 1126: 1109:Dialects of the 1103: 1096: 1089: 1080: 1079: 1009: 1008: 997: 991: 990: 988: 978: 972: 971: 955: 949: 948: 937: 931: 930: 928: 927: 918:. Archived from 916:ANALOG Computing 907: 901: 900: 888: 882: 881: 865: 859: 858: 846: 840: 839: 828: 819: 818: 807: 796: 795: 788: 738:SpeedRead+ is a 479:BASIC XL Toolkit 383:memory footprint 348:Digital Research 219: 147: 145: 140: 129:Kathleen O'Brien 115: 113: 108: 87:Software Company 81: 77: 71: 64: 60: 57: 51: 46:this article by 37:inline citations 24: 23: 16: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2134: 2030:Dartmouth BASIC 2020:Commodore BASIC 1962:Applesoft BASIC 1937: 1905: 1898: 1845: 1837: 1796: 1789: 1764:Microsoft Excel 1700: 1687: 1614: 1607: 1491: 1478: 1437: 1428: 1359: 1320: 1273: 1240: 1217: 1195:Hewlett-Packard 1189: 1160: 1143:TRS-80 BASICs ( 1139:Microsoft BASIC 1118: 1107: 1058: 1053: 1013: 1012: 999: 998: 994: 986: 980: 979: 975: 956: 952: 939: 938: 934: 925: 923: 908: 904: 889: 885: 866: 862: 847: 843: 830: 829: 822: 809: 808: 799: 790: 789: 785: 780: 748: 736: 730:was submitted. 723: 718: 702: 700:Personal Pascal 682: 662: 654:Action! Toolkit 619: 613: 608: 606:Other languages 596: 568: 562: 530: 525: 512: 494:Microsoft BASIC 475: 455: 449: 437: 409: 403: 369:disks were not 324: 319: 302:assembler, the 265: 217: 175: 143: 141: 138: 128: 126: 124: 111: 109: 106: 72: 61: 55: 52: 42:Please help to 41: 25: 21: 12: 11: 5: 2214: 2204: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2125:Turbo-BASIC XL 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2105:Sinclair BASIC 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1977:Atari ST BASIC 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1910: 1908: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1860: 1858: 1849: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1801: 1799: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1772: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 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1091: 1083: 1077: 1076: 1070: 1065: 1057: 1056:External links 1054: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1035: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1011: 1010: 992: 973: 950: 932: 902: 883: 860: 841: 820: 797: 782: 781: 779: 776: 747: 744: 735: 732: 722: 719: 717: 714: 701: 698: 681: 678: 661: 658: 615:Main article: 612: 609: 607: 604: 595: 592: 588:MAC/65 Toolkit 564:Main article: 561: 558: 529: 526: 524: 521: 511: 508: 474: 471: 451:Main article: 448: 445: 436: 433: 405:Main article: 402: 399: 363: 362: 351: 336:OS/A+ 2.0, 2.1 323: 320: 318: 315: 264: 261: 177: 176: 171: 169: 165: 164: 161: 157: 156: 153: 149: 148: 135: 131: 130: 123:Bill Wilkinson 121: 117: 116: 103: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 85: 74: 73: 28: 26: 19: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2213: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2131: 2130:Vilnius BASIC 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 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Index

references
inline citations
improve
introducing
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Shepardson Microsystems
Cupertino, California
disk operating systems
programming languages
Atari 8-bit computers
Atari DOS
Atari BASIC
Atari Assembler Editor
Atari, Inc.
DOS XL
BASIC A+
MAC/65
Atari Assembler Editor
Action!
ALGOL
Apple II
Atari ST
Mac
Atari BASIC
Atari Assembler Editor
Atari DOS
Shepardson Microsystems
Atari, Inc.
West Coast Computer Faire
MAC/65

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