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Orbit (anatomy)

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279: 40: 884: 905: 917: 734: 896: 872: 832: 860: 422:, or V2. The inferior orbital fissure lies inferior and lateral to the ocular globe at the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. It is not as important in function, though it does contain a few branches of the maxillary nerve and the infraorbital artery and vein. Other minor structures in the orbit include the 193:
are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, or it can also be used to imply the contents. In the adult human, the volume of the orbit is about 28 millilitres (0.99 imp fl oz; 0.95 US fl oz), of which the eye occupies 6.5 ml (0.23 imp fl oz;
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The lateral wall is formed by the frontal process of zygomatic and more posteriorly by the orbital plate of the greater wing of sphenoid. The bones meet at the zygomaticosphenoid suture. The lateral wall is the thickest wall of the orbit, important because it is the most exposed surface, highly
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In the orbit, the surrounding fascia allows for smooth rotation and protects the orbital contents. If excessive tissue accumulates behind the ocular globe, the eye can protrude, or become
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The orbits are conical or four-sided pyramidal cavities, which open into the midline of the face and point back into the head. Each consists of a base, an apex and four walls.
1033: 883: 695:. The superior ophthalmic vein is a sigmoidal vessel along the superior margin of the orbital canal that drains deoxygenated blood from surrounding musculature. The 331:, each of which contains structures that are crucial to normal eye functioning. The supraorbital foramen contains the supraorbital nerve, the first division of the 714:, which contains the optic nerve, or cranial nerve II, and is formed entirely by the lesser wing of the sphenoid, separated from the supraorbital fissure by the 145: 2221: 2236: 2231: 2226: 572:. Near the middle of the floor, located infraorbital groove, which leads to the infraorbital foramen. The floor is separated from the lateral wall by 534:, the most delicate bony structure in the skull, and one of the most commonly fractured bones in orbital trauma. The lacrimal bone also contains the 715: 121: 117: 507:, with its lesser wing forming the optic canal and its greater wing forming the lateral posterior portion of the bony orbital process, the 1643: 1314: 595:, and a small part of the body of the sphenoid. It is the thinnest wall of the orbit, evidenced by pneumatized ethmoidal cells. 1287: 1144:
Ference, E. H.; Smith, S. S.; Conley, D; Chandra, R. K. (2015). "Surgical anatomy and variations of the infraorbital nerve".
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Lieger, Olivier; Schaub, Manuel; Taghizadeh, Elham; BĂĽchler, Philippe (2019). "How Symmetrical Are Bony Orbits in Humans?".
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is a crucial structure in the orbit, as it is often the only source of collateral blood to the brain in cases of large
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The base, orbital margin, which opens in the face, has four borders. The following bones take part in their formation:
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near the apex of the orbit. The orbital surface presents medially by trochlear fovea and laterally by lacrimal fossa.
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Mehta, M. P.; Perry, J. D. (2015). "Medial orbital wall landmarks in three different North American populations".
1636: 1275: 797:) within the cone formed by the horizontal rectus muscles produce axial protrusion (bulging forward) of the eye. 1605: 531: 1307: 391: 140: 2327: 2317: 1734: 1415: 387: 1861: 1706: 427: 190: 2307: 2013: 1701: 1629: 889:
Dissection showing origins of right ocular muscles, and nerves entering by the superior orbital fissure
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Bertelli, E; Regoli, M (2014). "Branching of the foramen rotundum. A rare variation of the sphenoid".
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The bony walls of the orbital canal in humans do not derive from a single bone, but a mosaic of seven
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in the rectus muscles. Development of Graves' ophthalmopathy may be independent of thyroid function.
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Tasman, W.; Jaeger, E. A., eds. (2007). "Embryology and Anatomy of the Orbit and Lacrimal System".
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Hatton, M. P.; Rubin, P. A. (2002). "The pathophysiology of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy".
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to structures at the orbital apex. It provides a pathway between the orbital contents and the
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This article is about the anatomical space that contains the eye. For other uses, see
2271: 1909: 1660: 1555: 1508: 1475: 1237: 1200: 1189: 1161: 1124: 1098: 1063: 1008: 985: 696: 569: 535: 500: 379: 363: 339:. The infraorbital foramen contains the second division of the trigeminal nerve, the 308: 300: 238: 1651: 1075: 2281: 2201: 1826: 1794: 1668: 1545: 1540: 1445: 1229: 1173: 1153: 1055: 840: 707: 692: 515: 419: 415: 399: 359: 332: 262: 222: 214: 940: 418:, or V1. The second division of the trigeminal nerve enters the skull base at the 398:. It is a major pathway for intracranial communication, containing cranial nerves 2196: 1920: 1897: 1846: 1800: 1656: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1059: 959: 846:
Galleries containing indiscriminate images of the article subject are discouraged
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Cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated
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The movement of the eye is controlled by six distinct extraocular muscles, a
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0.22 US fl oz). The orbital contents comprise the eye, the
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The roof (superior wall) is formed primarily by the orbital plate
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This gallery of anatomic features needs cleanup to abide by the
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The floor (inferior wall) is formed by the orbital surface of
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The medial wall is formed primarily by the orbital plate of
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Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD
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to the optic canal, and is formed at the junction of the
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may also cause axial protrusion of the eye, known as
1123:(6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 848:; please improve or remove the gallery accordingly. 2294: 1186: 1191:Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 1088: 1637: 1308: 1187:Kumar, V.; Abbas, A. K.; Fausto, N. (2005). 1114: 1112: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1002: 343:or V2, and sits on the anterior wall of the 1284:at the University of Michigan Health System 1278:at the University of Michigan Health System 1219: 1644: 1630: 1315: 1301: 1045: 1032:"eye, human."Encyclopædia Britannica from 38: 1288:Interactive tutorial at anatome.ncl.ac.uk 1109: 1091:Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology 1021: 962:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine 378:. The superior orbital fissure lies just 1322: 732: 721: 441: 283:3D model of orbit with surrounding bones 276: 706:, as it is a collateral pathway to the 488:(illustrated but not part of the orbit) 2295: 1625: 1296: 1118: 1007:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 1272:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center 825: 821: 446:The seven bones that form the orbit: 1441:Levator palpebrae superioris muscle 410:which control eye movement via the 335:or V1 and lies just lateral to the 13: 599:vulnerable to blunt force trauma. 564:and the minute orbital process of 14: 2344: 1852:hiatus for greater petrosal nerve 1251: 653:The orbit holds and protects the 542:, is formed by the frontal bone. 414:, and the ophthalmic branches of 351:or other deep facial structures. 1857:hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve 915: 903: 894: 882: 870: 858: 830: 1213: 1180: 742:a. tear gland / lacrimal gland, 660: 526:, forms the medial wall of the 277: 1606:Suspensory ligament of eyeball 1137: 1082: 1039: 996: 969: 953: 576:, which connects the orbit to 549:, and also the lesser wing of 1: 1234:10.1016/S0896-1549(01)00004-9 927: 750:e. inferior lacrimal punctum, 744:b. superior lacrimal punctum, 437: 1416:Trochlea of superior oblique 1060:10.3109/01676830.2014.997394 710:. In addition, there is the 299:, or windows, two important 272: 7: 1862:sphenoidal emissary foramen 1121:Clinically Oriented Anatomy 752:f. inferior lacrimal canal, 748:d. tear sac / lacrimal sac, 746:c. superior lacrimal canal, 648: 428:posterior ethmoidal foramen 290: 251:lateral palpebral ligaments 10: 2349: 1266:– "Arterial Supply, Orbit" 664: 602: 229:, blood vessels, fat, the 18: 2249: 2210: 2185: 2181: 2157: 2137: 2098: 2078: 2069: 2044: 2024: 1958: 1938: 1929: 1874: 1839: 1809: 1783: 1756: 1747: 1717: 1685: 1676: 1564: 1519:Accessory lacrimal glands 1494: 1451:Medial palpebral ligament 1431: 1381: 1335: 877:Medial wall of left orbit 560:, the orbital surface of 496:distinct structures: the 432:zygomatic orbital foramen 311:in the orbit. There is a 151: 139: 127: 111: 99: 87: 82: 77: 68:shown above the eye, and 37: 32: 2257:external acoustic meatus 2149:pterygomaxillary fissure 2052:Inferior orbital fissure 2036:inferior orbital fissure 1884:internal auditory meatus 1774:superior orbital fissure 1270:Anatomy photo:29:os-0501 1222:Ophthalmol Clin North Am 1119:Moore, Keith L. (2010). 964:Medical Subject Headings 780:adenoid cystic carcinoma 574:inferior orbital fissure 325:inferior orbital fissure 321:superior orbital fissure 295:There are two important 70:inferior orbital fissure 1876:Posterior cranial fossa 1423:Inferior oblique muscle 1411:Superior oblique muscle 841:medical manual of style 253:, cheek ligaments, the 25:Orbita (disambiguation) 2122:lesser palatine canals 2110:greater palatine canal 2090:sphenopalatine foramen 2057:Fossa for lacrimal sac 1678:Anterior cranial fossa 1396:Inferior rectus muscle 1391:Superior rectus muscle 805:Graves' ophthalmopathy 755: 518:which, along with the 489: 303:, or grooves, and one 284: 181:or socket/hole of the 153:Anatomical terminology 21:Orbit (disambiguation) 2277:petrotympanic fissure 2071:Pterygopalatine fossa 2027:Pterygopalatine fossa 1786:Pterygopalatine fossa 1653:Foramina of the skull 1401:Lateral rectus muscle 1005:Duane's Ophthalmology 984:(1): 118-125118-125. 754:g. nasolacrimal canal 736: 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1368:Palatine bone 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1358:Sphenoid bone 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1313: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1256: 1255: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1216: 1208: 1206:9780721601878 1202: 1198: 1193: 1192: 1183: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1140: 1132: 1126: 1122: 1115: 1113: 1104: 1100: 1097:(2): 148–53. 1096: 1092: 1085: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1042: 1035: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1016: 1010: 1006: 999: 991: 987: 983: 979: 972: 965: 961: 956: 942: 936: 932: 918: 913: 906: 901: 897: 892: 885: 880: 873: 868: 861: 856: 855: 847: 842: 837: 828: 827: 819: 817: 813: 810: 806: 802: 798: 796: 792: 788: 785:Tumors (e.g. 783: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 739: 735: 731: 729: 719: 717: 713: 709: 705: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 668: 658: 656: 644: 640: 636: 634: 630: 626: 624: 620: 616: 614: 610: 609: 608: 600: 596: 594: 593:lacrimal bone 590: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 566:palatine bone 563: 559: 554: 552: 548: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 528:orbital canal 525: 524:ethmoid bones 521: 517: 513: 510: 506: 505:sphenoid bone 502: 499: 495: 487: 481: 480:Sphenoid bone 476: 475:Palatine bone 471: 466: 461: 456: 455:Lacrimal bone 451: 444: 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 396:sphenoid bone 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 352: 350: 346: 342: 338: 337:frontal sinus 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 288: 280: 270: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 209: 205: 201: 197: 192: 188: 185:in which the 184: 180: 176: 172: 160: 154: 150: 147: 144: 142: 138: 135: 132: 130: 126: 123: 119: 116: 114: 110: 107: 104: 102: 98: 95: 92: 90: 86: 81: 76: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 41: 36: 31: 26: 22: 2213:nasal cavity 2081:Nasal cavity 2003: 1987:infraorbital 1986: 1970:supraorbital 1969: 1941:Nasal cavity 1930: 1900:(CN-IX,X,XI) 1888:facial canal 1758: 1720:Nasal cavity 1696: 1687: 1551:Lacrimal sac 1363:Ethmoid bone 1343:Frontal bone 1324: 1257: 1225: 1221: 1215: 1190: 1182: 1149: 1145: 1139: 1120: 1094: 1090: 1084: 1051: 1047: 1041: 1004: 998: 981: 977: 971: 955: 944:. Retrieved 935: 799: 784: 764:inflammation 757: 737: 728:exophthalmic 725: 670: 667:Eye movement 661:Eye movement 652: 643:frontal bone 629:frontal bone 613:frontal bone 606: 597: 586: 555: 547:frontal bone 544: 491: 460:Ethmoid bone 450:Frontal bone 392:greater wing 353: 294: 286: 174: 168: 122:A01.2.01.010 118:A02.1.00.067 93: 2188:oral cavity 2160:Nasopharynx 2101:Oral cavity 1768:optic canal 1584:Conjunctiva 1054:(2): 72–8. 795:optic nerve 738:Tear system 716:optic strut 712:optic canal 356:optic canal 329:optic canal 200:retrobulbar 83:Identifiers 44:Diagram of 2297:Categories 1601:Periorbita 946:2010-03-26 928:References 791:meningioma 512:inferiorly 486:Nasal bone 438:Bony walls 362:) and the 2014:-temporal 1707:posterior 1264:eMedicine 501:laterally 468:purple = 448:yellow = 372:posterior 273:Structure 233:with its 2127:foramina 1912:(CN-XII) 1702:anterior 1661:fissures 1242:12064074 1166:25992806 1103:25665284 1076:43317074 1068:25804299 990:30243522 816:fibrosis 812:proteins 776:lymphoma 772:neoplasm 704:infarcts 689:superior 677:inferior 673:superior 649:Function 551:sphenoid 520:lacrimal 516:medially 458:brown = 453:green = 424:anterior 384:inferior 327:and the 301:fissures 297:foramina 291:Openings 202:fascia, 62:inferior 50:superior 2115:foramen 2009:-facial 1992:foramen 1980:foramen 1906:(CN-XI) 1823:(CN-V3) 1797:(CN-V2) 1770:(CN-II) 1577:Unibrow 1572:Eyebrow 1481:Canthus 1471:Eyelash 1383:Muscles 1327:of the 1174:5567574 793:of the 768:sarcoid 691:and an 685:lateral 633:maxilla 619:maxilla 603:Borders 589:ethmoid 558:maxilla 484:teal = 473:aqua = 463:blue = 394:of the 380:lateral 243:eyelids 196:orbital 177:is the 171:anatomy 106:D009915 78:Details 54:oblique 2045:other: 1997:groove 1840:other: 1731:(CN-I) 1669:hiatus 1667:, and 1665:meatus 1657:canals 1446:Tarsus 1433:Eyelid 1240:  1203:  1172:  1164:  1127:  1101:  1074:  1066:  1011:  988:  966:(MeSH) 865:Orbita 787:glioma 774:(e.g. 766:(e.g. 683:and a 681:medial 503:, the 478:red = 388:lesser 259:septum 247:medial 241:, the 225:, and 179:cavity 173:, the 94:orbita 58:medial 2303:Skull 2250:Other 1975:notch 1931:Orbit 1759:Orbit 1688:Orbit 1655:(and 1565:Other 1336:Bones 1325:orbit 1259:oph/2 1170:S2CID 1072:S2CID 1048:Orbit 960:Orbit 770:) or 675:, an 323:, an 315:, an 309:globe 305:canal 183:skull 175:orbit 157:[ 146:53074 89:Latin 33:Orbit 1961:face 1323:The 1238:PMID 1201:ISBN 1197:1423 1162:PMID 1125:ISBN 1099:PMID 1064:PMID 1036:2009 1009:ISBN 986:PMID 814:and 789:and 679:, a 655:eyes 641:and 631:and 621:and 580:and 522:and 514:and 430:and 426:and 390:and 382:and 354:The 319:, a 265:and 249:and 239:duct 237:and 198:and 189:and 113:TA98 101:MeSH 60:and 23:and 2313:Eye 2211:to 2186:to 2158:to 2138:to 2099:to 2079:to 2025:to 1959:to 1939:to 1810:to 1784:to 1757:to 1718:to 1686:to 1329:eye 1262:at 1230:doi 1154:doi 1150:125 1095:119 1056:doi 782:). 778:or 400:III 235:sac 215:III 187:eye 169:In 141:FMA 134:469 129:TA2 46:eye 2299:: 1663:, 1659:, 1236:. 1226:15 1224:. 1199:. 1168:. 1160:. 1148:. 1111:^ 1093:. 1070:. 1062:. 1052:34 1050:. 1023:^ 982:77 980:. 730:. 657:. 584:. 434:. 408:VI 406:, 404:IV 402:, 269:. 261:, 257:, 245:, 227:VI 221:, 219:IV 217:, 213:, 211:II 206:, 56:, 52:, 2215:: 2190:: 2162:: 2142:: 2103:: 2083:: 2029:: 1963:: 1943:: 1890:/ 1886:/ 1829:/ 1814:: 1788:: 1761:: 1722:: 1690:: 1671:) 1645:e 1638:t 1631:v 1316:e 1309:t 1302:v 1244:. 1232:: 1209:. 1176:. 1156:: 1133:. 1105:. 1078:. 1058:: 1017:. 992:. 949:. 843:. 740:: 223:V 161:] 27:.

Index

Orbit (disambiguation)
Orbita (disambiguation)

eye
superior
oblique
medial
inferior
supraorbital foramen
inferior orbital fissure
Latin
MeSH
D009915
TA98
A02.1.00.067
A01.2.01.010
TA2
469
FMA
53074
Anatomical terminology
edit on Wikidata
anatomy
cavity
skull
eye
its appendages
orbital
retrobulbar
extraocular muscles

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