2183:
against the knights' cardinal reason for existence, in that by serving a
European power directly they faced the very real possibility that they would be fighting against another Roman Catholic force, as in the few Franco-Spanish naval skirmishes that occurred in this period. The biggest paradox is the fact that for many years the Kingdom of France remained on amicable terms with the Ottoman Empire, the Knights' greatest and bitterest foe and purported sole purpose for existence. Paris signed many trade agreements with the Ottomans and agreed to an informal (and ultimately ineffective) cease-fire between the two states during this period. That the Knights associated themselves with the allies of their sworn enemies shows their moral ambivalence and the new commercial-minded nature of the Mediterranean in the 17th century. Serving in a foreign navy, in particular that of the French, gave the Knights the chance to serve the Church and for many, their King, to increase their chances of promotion in either their adopted navy or in Malta, to receive far better pay, to stave off their boredom with frequent cruises, to embark on the highly preferable short cruises of the French Navy over the long caravans favoured by the Maltese, and if the Knight desired, to indulge in some of the pleasures of a traditional debauched seaport. In return, the French gained and quickly assembled an experienced navy to stave off the threat of the Spanish and their Habsburg masters. The shift in attitudes of the Knights over this period is ably outlined by Paul Lacroix, who states:
2026:
2127:
7195:
2237:
claimed to be victims of the knights' over-eagerness to stop and confiscate any goods remotely connected to the Turks. In an effort to regulate the growing problem, the authorities in Malta established a judicial court, the
Consiglio del Mer, where captains who felt wronged could plead their case, often successfully. The practice of issuing privateering licenses and thus state endorsement, which had been in existence for a number of years, was tightly regulated as the island's government attempted to haul in the unscrupulous knights and appease the European powers and limited benefactors. Yet these efforts were not altogether successful, as the Consiglio del Mer received numerous complaints around the year 1700 of Maltese piracy in the region. Ultimately, the rampant over-indulgence in
2832:
he did not follow the precepts binding the Grand Master: he was married and not celibate; he had never been to Malta and declined to live there; and he was not a Roman
Catholic. Several other orders have made claims over the Order of St John since the 19th century. Each order, including the Russian Tradition, generally uses its interpretation of sources to present and claim a particular history of events. No independent sources support any superseding order of the Knights Hospitaller, all of which use either non-primary or self-published, non-peer-reviewed sources in support of their claims of legitimacy. The Order came to an end either shortly after the 1798 expulsion of the knights from Malta, or soon after the Russian Revolution in the early 20th century.
2557:
2255:
1729:
2193:
920:
2939:) by the time of the First Crusade. A charter from King Baldwin I of Jerusalem dating to 1112 refers to the "poor brothers" of the hospital. Over the next century, members of the Order were organized between chaplains and lay-brothers, with the latter being those that took monastic vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and the brothers-at-arms eventually consisted of two ranks – knight brothers and sergeant brothers. The Rule of Raymond du Puy, which was confirmed in the 1140s, did not mention brothers-at-arms, but they were in the statues of the early 1180s. Thus the Order developed three main ranks, those of priest brothers, knight brothers, and sergeant brothers.
1362:
2147:. Further compounding their financial woes; over the course of this period, the exchange rate of the local currencies against the 'scudo' that were established in the late 16th century gradually became outdated, meaning the knights were gradually receiving less at merchant factories. Economically hindered by the barren island they now inhabited, many knights went beyond their call of duty by raiding Muslim ships. More and more ships were plundered, from whose profits many knights lived idly and luxuriously, taking local women to be their wives and enrolling in the navies of France and Spain in search of adventure, experience, and yet more money.
8169:
7535:
7495:
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3137:
and of Malta (The Order of Malta), Die Balley
Brandenburg des Ritterlichen Ordens Sankt Johannis vom Spital zu Jerusalem, commonly known as the Johanniter Orden (Germany), Johanniter Orde in Nederland (Netherland), Johanniterorden i Sverige (Sweden), and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (Order of St. John, sometimes referred to as the Most Venerable Order). In 1961 an alliance was formed between the Most Venerable Order, the Johanniter Orden, Johanniter Orde in Nederland, and Johanniterorden i Sverige; these four orders compromise the Alliance of the Orders of St. John".
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6832:
71:
1236:
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6379:
6224:
76:
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6852:
6809:
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6410:
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6198:
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6115:
7122:
6746:
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112:
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1590:
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mythical history, claiming that the
American organisation he led had been founded within the Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller in 1908: a spurious claim, but which nevertheless misled many including some academics. In truth, the foundation of his organisation had no connection to the Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller. Once created, the attraction of Russian Nobles into membership of Pichel's 'Order' lent some plausibility to his claims.
2013:, the fortifications were still intact. Working night and day the garrison had repaired the breaches, and the capture of Malta seemed more and more impossible. Many of the Ottoman troops in crowded quarters had fallen ill over the terrible summer months. Ammunition and food were beginning to run short, and the Ottoman troops were becoming increasingly dispirited by the failure of their attacks and their losses. The death on 23 June of skilled commander
1251:(about 1200). In the latter, a marked distinction is made between secular knights, externs to the order, who served only for a time, and the professed knights, attached to the order by a perpetual vow, and who alone enjoyed the same spiritual privileges as the other religious. The order numbered three distinct classes of membership: the military brothers, the brothers infirmarians, and the brothers chaplains, to whom was entrusted the divine service.
7344:
8185:
7944:
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8208:
7135:
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1394:
7329:
929:. Bull issued by Pope Paschal II in 1113 in favour of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, which was to transform what was a community of pious men into an institution within the Church. By virtue of this document, the pope officially recognized the existence of the new organisation as an operative and militant part of the Roman Catholic Church, granting it papal protection and confirming its properties in Europe and Asia.
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over 52,000 medical personnel – doctors, nurses and paramedics – are dedicated to the care of the poor, the sick, the elderly, the disabled, the homeless, terminal patients, lepers, and all those who suffer. The Order is especially involved in helping victims of armed conflicts and natural disasters by providing medical assistance, caring for refugees, and distributing medicines and basic equipment for survival.
1070:. The Pope subordinated the hospital to his own authority and exempted it from paying tithes on the lands it owned, and gave the right to its professed brothers to elect their master. He also placed several other hospitals and hospices in southern Italy under the governance of the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem, as they were located at port cities from which pilgrims traveled to the Holy Land.
2441:
4034:
2688:). From Germany, this Protestant branch has spread by membership into other countries in Europe (including Belgium, Hungary, Poland, Finland, Denmark, Switzerland, France, Austria, the United Kingdom, and Italy), North America (the United States, Canada, and Mexico), South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Chile), Africa (Namibia, South Africa), Asia, and Australia.
1130:, who succeeded Gerard as master of the hospital in 1120, is credited with establishing the military element of the Order. Raymond decided some time before 1136 that Hospitallers could fight to defend the kingdom or to besiege a pagan city. The Knights Hospitaller, like the other military orders, organized its fighting members into the ranks of
2621:
1004:
of a wealthy
Amalfian named Mauro of Pantaleone. In the early 1070s the hospital was visited by Archbishop John of Amalfi during his pilgrimage. In later centuries, to help raise money in Europe, the Order of St John made claims that the hospital had been founded more than a century before Christ by the high priest
1086:
cared for pilgrims as well as others (including
Muslims and Jews) in Jerusalem, but the order soon extended to provide pilgrims with an armed escort before eventually becoming a significant military force. Thus, the Order of St. John imperceptibly became militaristic without losing its charitable character.
2850:
The large passage fees collected by the
American Association of SMOM in the early 1950s may well have tempted Charles Pichel to create his own "Sovereign Order of St John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller" in 1956. Pichel avoided the problems of being an imitation of SMOM by giving his organization a
2206:
With the knights' exploits growing in fame and wealth, the
European states became more complacent about the Order, and more unwilling to grant money to an institution that was perceived to be earning a healthy sum on the high seas. Thus, a vicious cycle occurred, increasing the raids and reducing the
2042:
may have been the last action in history in which a force of knights won a decisive victory against a numerically superior force that made use of firearms. When the
Ottomans departed, the Hospitallers had but 600 men able to bear arms. The most reliable estimate puts the number of the Ottoman army at
2942:
Knights were part of the Order of Saint John as brothers by the 1140s, but sergeants were not brothers initially, being hired as mercenaries by the Order to defend pilgrims. Sergeants were not codified as brothers of the Order until the statues of 1204, which listed both knight brothers and sergeant
2887:
of the hospital, whose main duty was to prepare the order for war. This included the procurement of armour, weapons, mounts with all the required equine equipment, and artillery with all it entails (ordnance, powder, ammunitions). The Marshal could on occasion be given command by the Grand Master or
2831:
becoming Grand Master. The British resented this decision as it could have given Russia access to the Mediterranean through a claim over Malta. Britain said that the decision of the Pope was not official. The Holy See later retracted its decision stating a number of conflicts with Tsar Paul I, since
1724:
were initially apprehensive about the order's presence and viewed them as arrogant intruders; they were especially loathed for taking advantage of local women. Most knights were French and excluded Maltese from serving in the order, even being generally dismissive of local nobility. However, the two
1099:
was founded around 1119-1120 and it is likely that the Hospitallers were inspired by them to have their own knights. A charter made for a gift to the Hospital of St John in a Christian army on 17 January 1126 recorded that a brother from the Order was present as a witness and that he held a military
1085:
and by then was subordinated to the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Around this time the Hospital of St John became connected with that Church, and documents often referred to "the Holy Sepulchre and the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem." Initially, the Hospitallers
3136:
The Canadian historian Christopher McCreery commented in 2008: "there are only five legitimate and mutually recognized Orders of St. John that continue to carry on the historic work of the Knights Hospitaller. These are the Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes
2604:
has a permanent presence in 120 countries, with 12 Grand Priories and Sub-Priories and 48 national Associations, as well as numerous hospitals, medical centres, daycare centres, first aid corps, and specialist foundations, which operate in 120 countries. Its 13,500 members and 95,000 volunteers and
2426:
and the Order's recognition among the Russian Imperial Orders. The refugee knights in Saint Petersburg proceeded to elect Tsar Paul as their Grand Master – a rival to Grand Master von Hompesch until the latter's abdication left Paul as the sole Grand Master. Grand Master Paul I created, in addition
2354:
V. Tithes of every description, as well as the dues which have been substituted for them, under whatever denomination they are known or collected (even when compounded for), possessed by secular or regular congregations, by holders of benefices, members of corporations (including the Order of Malta
2241:
in the Mediterranean was to be the knights' downfall in this particular period of their existence as they transformed from serving as the military outpost of a united Christendom to becoming another nation-state in a commercially oriented continent soon to be overtaken by the trading nations of the
2236:
was their insistence on their policy of 'vista'. This enabled the Order to stop and board all shipping suspected of carrying Turkish goods and confiscate the cargo to be re-sold at Valletta, along with the ship's crew, who were by far the most valuable commodity on the ship. Naturally, many nations
2182:
The moral decline that the knights underwent over the course of this period is best highlighted by the decision of many knights to serve in foreign navies and become "the mercenary sea-dogs of the 14th to 17th centuries", with the French Navy proving the most popular destination. This decision went
1003:
and took in Christian pilgrims travelling to visit the Christian holy sites. The increase in the number of pilgrims led the Benedictine monks to establish two hospitals in the late 1060s, one for men and one for women, with the former known as the Hospital of St John. They did this with the support
2587:
The Order maintains diplomatic relations with 112 countries, official relations with 6 others and with the European Union, permanent observer missions to the United Nations and its specialised agencies, and delegations or representations to many other international organizations. It issues its own
1094:
mentioned that the Hospitallers had "servants" to protect pilgrims. An account from a Hospitaller priest in 16th century stated that as the Order of St John became more wealthy it hired knights to defend its hospitals and pilgrims, and these knights eventually became Hospitallers themselves. It is
1089:
It is possible that the Hospital of St John hired knights or foot soldiers after the First Crusade to provide security, before it formally established its own military organization. Knights in western Europe left their horses and weapons to the Hospitallers in their wills in the 1120s, and in the
2548:
In 1834, the order settled in Rome. Hospital work, the original work of the order, became once again its main concern. The Order's hospital and welfare activities, undertaken on a considerable scale in World War I, were greatly intensified and expanded in World War II under the Grand Master Fra'
2187:
Inflated with wealth, laden with privileges which gave them almost sovereign powers ... the order at last became so demoralised by luxury and idleness that it forgot the aim for which it was founded, and gave itself up for the love of gain and thirst for pleasure. Its covetousness and pride soon
2464:
By the early 19th century, the order had been severely weakened by the loss of its priories throughout Europe. Only 10% of the order's income came from traditional sources in Europe, with the remaining 90% being generated by the Russian Grand Priory until 1810. This was partly reflected in the
2402:
that his ships be allowed to enter the port and to take on water and supplies. The Grand Master replied that only two foreign ships could be allowed to enter the port at a time. Bonaparte, aware that such a procedure would take a very long time and would leave his forces vulnerable to Admiral
2224:
Maltese authorities did not mention the fact that they were making a substantial profit policing the seas and seizing infidel ships and cargoes. The authorities on Malta immediately recognised the importance of corsairing to their economy and set about encouraging it, as despite their vows of
2158:
and the lack of stability from the Roman Catholic Church. All this affected the knights strongly as the 16th and 17th centuries saw a gradual decline in the religious attitudes of many of the Christian peoples of Europe (and, concomitantly, the importance of a religious army), and thus in the
2037:
On 1 September they made their last effort, but the morale of the Ottoman troops had deteriorated seriously and the attack was feeble, to the great encouragement of the besieged, who now began to see hopes of deliverance. The perplexed and indecisive Ottomans heard of the arrival of Sicilian
2004:
were so obscurely worded as to put on his own shoulders the burden of the decision whether to help the Order at the expense of his own defences. A wrong decision could mean defeat and exposing Sicily and Naples to the Ottomans. He had left his own son with La Valette, so he could hardly be
1977:
At first the battle went as badly for the Hospitallers as Rhodes had: most of the cities were destroyed and about half the knights killed. On 18 August, the position of the besieged was becoming desperate: dwindling daily in numbers, they were becoming too feeble to hold the long line of
1028:
in 1099, the Hospital of St John was already well known among pilgrims and was regarded as a separate organization from the monastery of St Mary. The monastic brothers at the hospital saw it as their duty to provide the best possible treatment to the poor. They were given an endowment by
2410:
Napoleon opened negotiations with the fortress capital of Valletta. Faced with vastly superior French forces and the loss of western Malta, the Grand Master negotiated a surrender to the invasion. Hompesch left Malta for Trieste on 18 June. He resigned as Grand Master on 6 July 1799.
4870:
1970:, who were unhappy to see the order resettled. In 1565 Suleiman sent an invasion force of about 40,000 men to besiege the 700 knights and 8,000 soldiers and expel them from Malta and gain a new base from which to possibly launch another assault on Europe. This is known as the
2107:. Revenues subsequently dwindled as European sponsors were no longer willing to support a costly and seemingly redundant organization. The knights were forced to make do with their maritime location and turn to combating the increased threat of piracy, particularly from the
1201:. According to one estimate the Hospitallers had 25 castles as of 1180. In addition to defending them, the Hospitallers also undertook construction projects to build new castles or repair and expand existing ones, with an example of the latter being Krak des Chevaliers.
2008:
On 23 August came yet another grand assault, the last serious effort, as it proved, of the besiegers. It was thrown back with the greatest difficulty, even the wounded taking part in the defence. The plight of the Turkish forces was now desperate. With the exception of
2691:
The commanderies of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg in the Netherlands (which originated in the Middle Ages) and Sweden became independent of the Bailiwick after the Second World War and now are independent orders under the protection of their respective monarchs; King
2847:" until successfully prosecuted for fraud. Another fraud claimed to be the Grand Prior of the Holy Trinity of Villeneuve, but gave up after a police visit, although the organisation resurfaced in Malta in 1975, and then by 1978 in the US, where it still continues.
2207:
grants received from the nation-states of Christendom to such an extent that the balance of payments on the island had become dependent on conquest. The European powers lost interest in the knights as they focused their intentions largely on one another during the
2858:. Another self-styled Order, based in the US, gained a substantial following under the leadership of the late Robert Formhals, who for some years, and with the support of historical organisations such as The Augustan Society, claimed to be a Polish prince of the
2005:
indifferent to the fate of the fortress. Whatever may have been the cause of his delay, the Viceroy hesitated until the battle had almost been decided by the unaided efforts of the knights, before being forced to move by the indignation of his own officers.
2427:
to the Roman Catholic Grand Priory, a "Russian Grand Priory" of no fewer than 118 Commanderies, dwarfing the rest of the Order and open to all Christians. Paul's election as Grand Master was never ratified under Roman Catholic canon law, and he was the
1766:
could accommodate 500 patients and was famous as one of the finest in the world. In the vanguard of medicine, the Hospital of Malta included Schools of Anatomy, Surgery and Pharmacy. Valletta itself was renowned as a centre of art and culture. The
2719:, founded in 1961 by the Order of Saint John of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg. (As well as originating with the mediaeval Knights Hospitaller, these three orders meet the traditional conditions for dynastic orders of chivalry under the legitimate
1786:
was founded seven years later, followed, in 1786, by a School of Mathematics and Nautical Sciences. Despite these developments, some of the Maltese grew to resent the Order, which they viewed as a privileged class. This even included some of the
1216:
wanted to withdraw, but Raymond du Puy convinced him to continue, and the fort surrendered to the Crusaders on 22 August 1153. It is not clear if the role of the Hospitallers was only advisory or if they were involved in the fighting at Ascalon.
2407:, immediately ordered a cannon fusillade against Malta. The French soldiers disembarked in Malta at seven points on the morning of 11 June and attacked. After several hours of fierce fighting, the Maltese in the west were forced to surrender.
2495:
food. It also served as an orphanage, with these children often becoming Hospitallers when adults. The remaining vaulted area was discovered during excavations for a restaurant, and the preserved building will be incorporated in the project.
4862:
1258:(1243–1254) approved a standard military dress for the Hospitallers to be worn during battle. Instead of a closed cape over their armour (which restricted their movements), they wore a red surcoat with a white cross emblazoned on it.
4840:
809:
The Order of Saint John was militarized in the 1120s and 1130s, hiring knights that later became Hospitallers. The organization became a military religious order under its own papal charter, charged with the care and defence of the
7307:
4900:
2159:
Knights' regular tributes from European nations. That the knights, a chiefly Roman Catholic military order, pursued the readmittance of England as one of its member states – the Order there had been suppressed under King
2021:
and Mustafa Pasha, were careless. They had a huge fleet which they used with effect on only one occasion. They neglected their communications with the African coast and made no attempt to watch and intercept Sicilian
2219:
Italy provides us with nothing much; Bohemia and Germany hardly anything, and England and the Netherlands for a long time now nothing at all. We only have something to keep us going, Sire, in your own Kingdom and in
1020:
and had been visited by Christ and the Apostles. A historian of the Order in the 13th century wrote that this version was not true. In any case, the Hospitallers rose to fame and prestige in a short amount of time.
7150:
2025:
2768:
In 1831, a British order was recreated by European aristocrats claiming (possibly without authority) to be acting on behalf of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. This order in time became known as the
2138:
Yet the Order soon struggled on a now reduced income. By policing the Mediterranean, they augmented the assumed responsibility of the traditional protectors of the Mediterranean, the naval city states of
4999:
7421:
2597:
2396:
1991:
2355:
and other religious and military orders), as well as those devoted to the maintenance of churches, those impropriated to lay persons and those substituted for the portion congrue, are abolished ...
1185:
than they had in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In the next several decades after 1136 the Order was granted more castles and towns by nobles that needed assistance in defending them, especially in the
7406:
4591:
2505:
2115:
operating out of North Africa. Boosted by an air of invincibility following the successful defence of their island in 1565, and compounded by the Christian victory over the Ottoman fleet in the
1095:
known that secular knights and soldiers were hired by institutions in Jerusalem to provide protection after 1099, including churches, and some of them later joined military orders. The Order of
877:
2103:
With their diminished strength and relocation to Malta in the central Mediterranean, the knights found themselves devoid of their founding mission: assisting and joining the crusades in the
4832:
3320:
4892:
1712:
The knights would stay in Malta for the next 268 years, transforming what they called "merely a rock of soft sandstone" into a flourishing island with mighty defences, whose capital city,
7297:
7292:
1747:
among themselves). The knights also constructed fortresses, watch towers, and naturally, churches. Its acquisition of Malta signalled the beginning of the Order's renewed naval activity.
7180:
2701:
2523:
1146:, a plain silver cross in a field of red, to differentiate them from the Templars. The other symbol of the Hospitallers, the "eight-pointed cross," is said to have originated in the
2809:
since the late 19th century. In contrast with the orders originating with the medieval Knights Hospitaller, the British organisation no longer limits its membership to Christians.
2564:
The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta, better known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), is a Roman Catholic lay
2188:
became boundless. The Knights pretended that they were above the reach of crowned heads: they seized and pillaged without concern of the property of both infidels and Christians."
1743:
Hospitals were among the first projects to be undertaken in Malta, where French soon supplanted Italian as the official language (though the native inhabitants continued to speak
1053:, placing it under his protection and exempting it from paying tithes on its land, on 19 June 1112. The monastic Hospitaller Order was formally created when the Pope issued the
7194:
7450:
7396:
7302:
80:
2823:
Several other organizations claim with their own sources to have evolved from the Knights Hospitaller, but all are subject to international dispute and lack recognition. The
2531:
865:
relations between the descendant chivalric orders are amicable. The order was suppressed in England, Denmark, and other parts of northern Europe, and was further damaged by
2883:, who after 1304 came from the Grand Priory of St Gilles and who took the place of the Grand Master in case of his absence or death. The third-highest rank was that of the
2608:
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta established a mission in Malta, after signing an agreement with the Maltese Government which granted the Order the exclusive use of
2414:
The knights were dispersed, though the order continued to exist in a diminished form and negotiated with European governments for a return to power. The Russian Emperor,
8140:
7172:
3529:
7287:
8248:
5087:
4126:
3641:
2974:
2063:, London. After the siege a new city had to be built: the present capital city of Malta, named Valletta in memory of the Grand Master who had withstood the siege.
1521:
4810:
2281:
in 1577, then more broadly Evangelical, but continued to pay its financial contribution to the Order until 1812, when the Protector of the Order in Prussia, King
2123:
and freeing the captured Christian slaves who formed the basis of the Barbary corsairs' piratical trading and navies. This campaign became known as the "corso".
4983:
7917:
2935:
in Latin), which they most likely used since the creation of the Hospital of Saint John in the late 11th century. They also were referred to as Hospitallers (
1154:
in Italy, and it was later used in Jerusalem by the monks that founded the Hospital of St John. After the Hospitallers moved to Malta, it became known as the
1872:
In 1604, each Langue was given a chapel in the conventual church of Saint John and the arms of the Langue appear in the decoration on the walls and ceiling:
7373:
1802:(1530–1571) and then Valletta (from 1571). The auberges in Birgu remain, mostly undistinguished 16th-century buildings. Valletta still has the auberges of
1778:
In Europe, most of the Order's hospitals and chapels survived the Reformation, though not in Protestant or Evangelical countries. In Malta, meanwhile, the
7863:
4960:
3022:
4595:
2211:. In February 1641 a letter was sent from an unknown dignitary in the Maltese capital of Valletta to the knights' most trustworthy ally and benefactor,
947:
8067:
7456:
3726:
1265:, the Hospitallers held seven great forts and 140 other estates in the area. The two largest of these, their bases of power in the Kingdom and in the
4780:
2716:
2577:
2515:
7245:
4619:
The Maple Leaf and the White Cross: A History of St. John Ambulance and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Canada
3039:
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2581:
1516:
bull that turned over much of their property to the Hospitallers. At Rhodes, and later Malta, the resident knights of each langue were headed by a
914:
621:
7704:
7165:
6362:
3585:
2839:, and taking advantage of the lack of State Orders in the Italian Republic, an Italian called himself a Polish Prince and did a brisk trade in
2724:
2673:
2639:
2628:
2519:
2176:
889:
858:
2483:
The 150,000 square feet (14,000 m) Hospital of Saint John, built between 1099 and 1291, was rediscovered in the Christian Quarter of the
2229:, which was the prize money and cargo gained from a captured ship, along with the ability to fit out their own galleys with their new wealth.
5455:
1261:
Many of the more substantial Christian fortifications in the Holy Land were built by the Templars and the Hospitallers. At the height of the
17:
5022:
3072:
in 1799. In the aftermath of 1798, several Protestant orders were split off, with the remaining Catholic order being re-established, as the
7699:
2824:
2423:
2315:
in 1639, he was a prominent Knight of St. John and dressed his retinue with the emblems of the Order. In 1651, the knights bought from the
2568:
and the world's oldest surviving order of chivalry. Its sovereign status is recognised by membership in numerous international bodies and
5819:
5465:
4454:
2997:
2392:
7411:
7158:
6937:
6867:
4392:
2589:
2469:
restored a Grand Master to the order. This signalled the renewal of the order's fortunes as a humanitarian and religious organization.
2043:
its height at some 40,000 men, of whom 15,000 eventually returned to Constantinople. The siege is portrayed vividly in the frescoes of
2806:
2126:
5677:
2569:
7347:
4568:
4156:
2911:, in charge of uniforms; and the treasurer, responsible for finance. Later, from the 13th century, there were also the positions of
7988:
7689:
5986:
2612:
for a term of 99 years. Today, after restoration, the Fort hosts historical and cultural activities related to the Order of Malta.
2328:
2316:
2074:), even though the Order's territory was always south of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1630, he was awarded ecclesiastic equality with
1247:(1187) deal only with the service of the sick; the first mention of military service is in the statutes of the ninth grand master,
458:
7445:
7273:
7255:
1286:
1143:
854:
7250:
3262:
8243:
7356:
1823:
893:
3970:
3520:
1754:, was begun in 1566, soon becoming the home port of one of the Mediterranean's most powerful navies. Valletta was designed by
7684:
7260:
5587:
5568:
5505:
5371:
5330:
5311:
5285:
5266:
5247:
5228:
5197:
4993:
4677:
4626:
4246:
4202:
Hoppen, Alison (April 1973). "The Finances of the Order of St John of Jerusalem in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries".
4120:
3953:
3928:
3771:
3635:
3608:
3202:
2038:
reinforcements in Mellieħa Bay. Unaware that the force was very small, they broke off the siege and left on 8 September. The
992:
4720:
4693:
4079:
3874:
8238:
4893:"Historical Legacy, Migration and Fort St. Angelo discussed during the Grand Master's State Visit to the Republic of Malta"
3852:
2580:, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta is the most senior since it possesses the ability to trace its history and line of
885:
31:
5060:
2171:
of England aptly demonstrates the new religious tolerance within the Order. For a time, the Order even possessed a German
1725:
groups coexisted peacefully, since the Knights boosted the economy, were charitable, and protected against Muslim attacks.
7922:
5716:
5640:
2693:
2685:
2491:. It had been able to accommodate up to 2,000 patients, who came from all religious groups, and Jewish patients received
2404:
2308:
2048:
1614:
1602:
652:
5849:
4417:
3818:
7902:
7641:
6089:
5941:
5631:
4545:
2770:
2740:
2550:
2254:
1560:
725:
131:
5381:
Lindgren, Carl Edwin (September–October 1999). "Some Notes About the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in the U.S.A".
8168:
7748:
7694:
7534:
7494:
7475:
7440:
7189:
5549:
5527:
5483:
5431:
5406:
5349:
5175:
3073:
2992:
2728:
2624:
2601:
2543:
2511:
2457:
2399:
1846:
1705:
881:
6897:
5645:
5454:
5342:
The Legitimacy of Orders of St. John: a historical and legal analysis and case study of a para-religious phenomenon
4985:
The Legitimacy of Orders of St. John: A Historical and Legal Analysis and Case Study of a Para-religious Phenomenon
4646:
4054:
838:. The Hospitallers were one of the smallest groups to have colonized parts of the Americas, briefly acquiring four
762:
that sought to strengthen religious devotion and charity for the poor. Earlier in the 11th century, merchants from
565:
560:
539:
5617:
2903:, who managed the administration and provisions; the hospitaller, who managed the main hospital of the Order; the
2556:
1818:(former Palazzo Carnerio, purchased in 1784 for the newly formed Langue, now occupied by the Lands Authority) and
1728:
7753:
7622:
7366:
5061:"Some External Insignia of Office for Dignitaries of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, Cyprus, Rhodes and Malta"
2979:
2920:
2286:
2098:
2071:
1700:
4833:"The Order of Malta clarifies press reported figure on passports issued: currently 500 passports in circulation"
8090:
7337:
5890:
4863:"Agreement between the Government of Malta and the Government of the Sovereign Hospitalier Order of Saint John"
2754:
2164:
1479:
388:
4952:
4750:
3672:
3171:
2971:, the first female pharmacist of the Knights Hospitaller, and the first female pharmacist and chemist in Malta
2715:
All three Protestant orders, the German, Dutch, and Swedish, are in formalised co-operation as members of the
7729:
5824:
5670:
5153:
4802:
2798:
2643:
2527:
2465:
government of the Order being under Lieutenants, rather than Grand Masters, in the period 1805 to 1879, when
2192:
1768:
1684:
1668:
1646:
897:
857:
in northern Germany and the Netherlands became Protestant and largely separated from the Catholic main stem,
593:
299:
288:
5911:
1041:, formally recognized it as a separate entity from the monastery when he reformed the Catholic hierarchy in
8233:
7679:
7674:
7282:
5979:
4930:
3734:
2762:
2647:
2488:
2030:
1430:
1361:
1198:
1034:
988:
919:
523:
408:
38:
7036:
6070:
6030:
5240:
Empires of the Sea: The Siege of Malta, the Battle of Lepanto, and the Contest for the Center of the World
4772:
2480:
to the Order. The offer was rejected since it would have meant the Order renouncing their claim to Malta.
1671:
and King of Spain and Sicily, to provide the knights permanent quarters: In exchange for providing Malta,
7983:
7499:
7095:
7016:
6050:
5872:
5745:
1696:
1248:
555:
360:
248:
1308:
in England were built on land donated to the order by local nobility. An Irish house was established at
7763:
7743:
7571:
5221:
The Central Convent of Hospitallers and Templars: History, Organization, and Personnel (1099/1120-1310)
3123:
2705:
2661:
2514:, based in Rome and recognized by over 100 countries worldwide, as well as the chivalric orders in the
1556:
1532:
1328:
790:, a lay brother of the Benedictine order, became its head when it was established. After the Christian
452:
3906:
Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart
3195:
Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades: Society, Landscape and Art in the Holy City under Frankish Rule
2727:
as of 2016.) The Protestant orders remain independent of, though cooperative with, the Roman Catholic
1570:, also known as Ottoman corsairs. They withstood two invasions by ascendant Muslim forces, one by the
305:
8075:
7545:
2709:
2506:
Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem § The mutually-recognised Orders of Saint John
2359:
The French Revolutionary Government seized the assets and properties of the Order in France in 1792.
2340:
1779:
1452:
1406:
1058:
925:
799:
791:
479:
322:
317:
266:
8145:
8057:
7858:
7758:
7277:
6847:
6191:
5998:
5809:
5663:
5646:"Vatican celebrates Knights of Malta's 900 years" by Nicole Winfield, Associated Press, Feb 9, 2013
5071:
4043:
Cohen, Reuben (15 April 2004) . Julie Barkley, Bill Hershey and PG Distributed Proofreaders (ed.).
3069:
3002:
2274:
1598:
1460:
1213:
870:
598:
570:
393:
237:
4523:
8120:
8115:
7738:
7559:
7528:
7520:
6266:
5972:
5789:
5723:
5695:
5030:
2055:, painted in oils by Perez d'Aleccio between 1576 and 1581, can be found in the Cube Room of the
1994:
1907:
1486:
surrendered to the knights. They also gained control of a number of neighbouring islands and the
1344:
1266:
1190:
1000:
759:
648:
489:
484:
424:
419:
403:
339:
271:
7362:
7071:
6956:
6941:
6916:
6906:
6891:
6881:
6841:
6831:
5423:
5417:
3420:
1531:, were forced to become a more militarized force. In 1334, they fought an attempted invasion by
1232:, pledged his protection to the Knights of St. John in a charter of privileges granted in 1185.
8108:
8103:
8098:
7785:
7591:
7332:
7115:
5814:
5794:
5782:
5520:
A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187
5450:
2904:
2335:
as his personal estate and deeded it to the Knights of St. John. In 1665, the order sold their
2075:
1933:
1609:
lasted six months, after which the defeated surviving Hospitallers were allowed to withdraw to
1606:
1583:
1468:
1378:
1301:
1009:
1005:
996:
850:
550:
468:
463:
447:
398:
378:
277:
6126:
4307:
Bamford, Paul Walden (Autumn 1964). "The Knights of Malta and the King of France, 1665–1700".
3763:
3757:
3695:
1181:
and Jerusalem. Later in the century, the Hospitallers were given control over more castles in
7799:
5901:
5896:
4448:
4110:
3625:
3325:
3313: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
3027:
2758:
2510:
The entities generally considered to maintain historical continuity with the Knights are the
2484:
2320:
2297:
2282:
1877:
1827:
1422:
959:
366:
355:
283:
185:
7808:
5623:
4376:
1962:. The Hospitallers also continued their maritime actions against Muslims and especially the
1815:
1320:
8125:
8085:
7231:
7065:
6729:
6717:
6700:
6688:
6651:
6634:
6618:
6591:
6564:
6534:
6512:
6490:
6463:
6421:
6409:
6367:
6355:
6333:
6318:
6296:
6239:
6197:
6180:
6163:
6136:
6114:
5711:
5493:
4037:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2786:
2665:
2293:
to its continuing place as the chief non-Roman Catholic branch of the Knights Hospitaller.
2208:
2083:
2039:
1971:
1862:
1601:
deployed as many as 100,000 men to the island, and possibly up 200,000. Under Grand Master
1579:
1475:
1402:
1366:
1262:
1225:
1074:
876:
Today several organizations continue the Hospitaller tradition under the federation of the
819:
815:
732:
575:
506:
383:
350:
311:
2629:
Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John of the hospital at Jerusalem
2520:
Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John of the hospital at Jerusalem
2017:, a corsair and admiral of the Ottoman fleet, was a serious blow. The Turkish commanders,
70:
8:
8189:
8175:
7978:
7948:
7832:
7827:
7813:
7794:
6153:
5906:
5537:
4576:
2899:, who was the Order's second-in-command; the marshal, in charge of military affairs; the
2212:
2155:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1783:
1755:
1732:
1658:
1270:
1209:
1194:
1114:
1030:
977:
954:
enlarged Probus' hospital and added a library to it. About 200 years later, in 1009, the
435:
327:
5921:
4517:
4148:
2324:
8212:
7850:
7549:
7485:
7139:
6962:
6887:
5946:
5842:
5829:
5804:
5733:
5394:
4324:
4284:
4219:
3579:
3017:
2943:
brothers. The statues formally acknowledged developments that had already taken place.
2859:
2684:("Lord of the Knights") almost always a scion of the House of Hohenzollern (currently,
2001:
1940:
1923:
1540:
1448:
1356:
1332:
1293:
1235:
1229:
1042:
1038:
740:
533:
5070:(Third series, Volume IV, Part 1, Number 215 in the original series started in 1952).
2664:) declared their continued adherence to the Order of Saint John even as their knights
2285:, turned it into an order of merit; in 1852, his son and successor as Protector, King
2269:
Even as it survived in Malta, the Order lost many of its European holdings during the
2119:
in 1571, the knights set about protecting Christian merchant shipping to and from the
1597:
In 1522, an entirely new sort of force arrived: 400 ships under the command of Sultan
8130:
7818:
7666:
7581:
7510:
7215:
7207:
7091:
7075:
6972:
6804:
6784:
6378:
6291:
6223:
5750:
5740:
5593:
5583:
5564:
5545:
5523:
5501:
5479:
5427:
5402:
5367:
5345:
5326:
5307:
5281:
5262:
5243:
5224:
5193:
5171:
5165:
5079:
4989:
4673:
4622:
4450:
Les grandes compagnies de commerce: étude pour servir à l'histoire de la colonisation
4288:
4242:
4223:
4116:
4050:
3949:
3924:
3796:
3767:
3631:
3604:
3270:
3198:
2855:
2818:
2794:
2697:
2677:
2453:
2301:
2116:
1831:
1806:(1574; renovated 1741 by Grand Master de Vilhena, now the Prime Minister's offices),
1788:
1688:
1654:
1617:
as extremely valiant, and the Grand Master was proclaimed a Defender of the Faith by
1456:
1418:
1410:
1324:
1297:
1292:
As early as the late 12th century, the order had begun to achieve recognition in the
1186:
1162:
973:
843:
835:
744:
735:
in the 12th century and had headquarters there until 1291, thereafter being based in
656:
587:
517:
473:
413:
333:
254:
8135:
3284:
1762:. The city was completed in 1571. The island's hospitals were expanded as well. The
544:
7998:
7907:
7656:
7081:
6996:
6986:
6982:
6976:
6966:
6921:
6871:
6861:
6851:
6808:
6798:
6788:
6778:
6768:
6667:
6597:
6580:
6548:
6518:
6373:
6307:
6285:
6270:
6260:
6245:
6169:
6142:
6098:
5859:
5728:
5299:
4513:
4384:
4316:
4276:
4211:
3978:
3792:
3118:
2419:
2415:
2258:
2056:
1955:
1897:
1866:
1850:
1763:
1744:
1664:
1517:
1444:
1255:
1244:
1205:
1147:
1139:
1091:
942:
Abbot Probus, who was previously Gregory's emissary at the Lombard court, to build
775:
748:
686:
500:
494:
429:
260:
242:
190:
75:
7121:
6745:
6496:
6469:
6393:
6147:
6120:
6010:
4697:
3572:
Cartulaire general de l'ordre des hospitaliers de St Jean de Jerusalem (1100–1310)
2620:
1312:, near Dublin, and the Irish Prior was usually a key figure in Irish public life.
8080:
8047:
7596:
7575:
7539:
7204:
7105:
6641:
6485:
5799:
5686:
5635:
5515:
5419:
The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church
5185:
4712:
4087:
3882:
3044:
2968:
2720:
2609:
2565:
2372:
2112:
2047:
in the Hall of St. Michael and St. George, also known as the Throne Room, in the
2010:
1987:
1963:
1887:
1759:
1571:
1567:
1544:
1503:
1436:
1221:
1151:
1096:
1046:
1013:
803:
763:
729:
722:
581:
441:
372:
293:
5916:
5832:
3844:
2723:
of each nation, and thus enjoy recognition by the privately operated and funded
2044:
1385:
1343:, today part of Romania, and back then bordered across the Danube by a powerful
1169:
to defend the kingdom's southern border from attacks by the Fatimid garrison at
8052:
8032:
8022:
7651:
7646:
7586:
7125:
6736:
6576:
6345:
6251:
5883:
5878:
5359:
5207:
5145:
4280:
4215:
4000:
3114:
3049:
3007:
2782:
2778:
2576:
and others. Of all the orders affiliated with Saint John, i.e., members of the
2573:
2262:
2108:
1967:
1951:
1721:
1691:
to the king's representative, the Viceroy of Sicily. In 1548, Charles V raised
1676:
1642:
1618:
1575:
1499:
1483:
1182:
1127:
1118:
1078:
1063:
935:
831:
787:
755:
736:
672:
636:
626:
528:
512:
111:
5760:
5597:
2331:
was eclipsed with De Poincy's death in 1660. He had also bought the island of
1857:
1535:
and his Turkish auxiliaries, and in 1374 they took over the defence of nearby
1524:, who acquired the estates allocated to the English langue from 1330 to 1358.
1429:, then part of the Byzantine Empire. He also reorganised the order into eight
8227:
8042:
8037:
8027:
8017:
7912:
7874:
7611:
7601:
7480:
7416:
7401:
7391:
6932:
6877:
6857:
6764:
6214:
5864:
5460:
5161:
5083:
4425:
4038:
3810:
3314:
2840:
2790:
2774:
2749:, almost all the property of the Knights Hospitaller was confiscated by King
2669:
2593:
2466:
2384:
2131:
1589:
1552:
1491:
1370:
1155:
1108:
1025:
1017:
795:
344:
151:
84:
7616:
6927:
5628:
4537:
4388:
4377:"Beyond the Northern Invasion: The Mediterranean in the Seventeenth Century"
2000:
The Viceroy of Sicily had not sent help; possibly the Viceroy's orders from
1605:, the knights, though well-fortified, only had about 7,000 men-at-arms. The
1435:, or "tongues", corresponding to a geographic or ethno-linquistic area: the
1173:, and allowed the Hospitallers to manage one of them in 1136, the castle of
7892:
6947:
6774:
6625:
6608:
5777:
5769:
5469:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–19.
5445:. Translated from the French by Edward Hyams. London: Secker & Warburg.
2915:, who was in charge of local auxiliary forces known as turcopoles, and the
2836:
2657:
1917:
1837:
1495:
1478:, executed the plan to take Rhodes, and on 15 August 1310, after more than
1414:
1336:
950:
to treat and care for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 800, Emperor
827:
138:
4267:
Allen, D.F. (April 2016). "Charles II, Louis XIV and the Order of Malta".
1421:. Finding themselves becoming enmeshed in Cypriot politics, their Master,
7958:
7606:
7319:
7211:
6658:
6603:
6475:
6328:
6229:
4044:
2828:
2653:
2332:
2312:
2304:
2273:. The property of the English branch was confiscated in 1540. The German
2270:
2168:
2151:
2018:
1692:
1629:
1512:
1174:
951:
823:
7101:
6672:
6570:
6437:
6383:
6339:
6322:
6312:
6280:
6203:
4642:
2066:
In 1607, the Grand Master of the Hospitallers was granted the status of
1683:, Charles V would receive an annual fee of a single Maltese falcon (the
1613:. Despite the defeat, both Christians and Muslims seem to have regarded
1204:
One of the first battles that the Knights Hospitaller fought in was the
962:
destroyed the hospital and three thousand other buildings in Jerusalem.
6724:
6453:
5295:
4476:
Robinson, J.H., ed. (1906). "The Decree Abolishing the Feudal System".
2750:
2371:
Re-enactment of 16th-century military drills conducted by the Knights.
2225:
poverty, the Knights were granted the ability to keep a portion of the
2160:
1966:. Although they had only a few ships, they quickly drew the ire of the
1950:
The Order may have played a direct part in supporting the Malta native
1772:
1507:
1471:
or, if there was more than one priory in the langue, by a Grand Prior.
1309:
1305:
1054:
862:
779:
4328:
2895:, and its senior officials included, along with the Grand Master, the
2805:. The Most Venerable Order of Saint John has maintained a presence in
1208:
in 1153. After a group of Knights Templar, led by their Grand Master,
754:
The Hospitallers arose in the early 12th century at the height of the
7936:
7884:
7269:
7219:
6902:
6707:
6502:
6350:
6187:
5456:"St John of Jerusalem, Knights of the Order of the Hospital of"
2912:
2900:
2896:
2802:
2347:
2336:
2243:
2238:
2150:
The Knights' changing attitudes were coupled with the effects of the
2104:
2060:
1739:, an example of 18th-century Baroque architecture built by the Order.
1593:
Rhodes and other possessions of the Knights Hospitallers of St. John.
1340:
1282:
1067:
839:
811:
783:
771:
146:
7343:
5629:
Knights Hospitaller of the Order of St John of Jerusalem in Scotland
1177:. This castle also allowed them to defend the pilgrim route between
1073:
Gerard acquired territory and revenues for his order throughout the
8207:
8009:
7869:
7777:
7134:
6695:
6586:
6303:
5995:
5951:
5703:
4742:
4320:
3664:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3159:
3012:
2445:
2388:
2376:
2278:
1959:
1736:
1713:
1584:
capturing Constantinople and defeating the Byzantine Empire in 1453
1487:
1464:
1440:
1425:, created a plan of acquiring their own temporal domain, selecting
1393:
1278:
1135:
1082:
1050:
965:
943:
866:
778:
where Benedictine monks cared for sick, poor, or injured Christian
767:
232:
161:
128:
115:
88:
7352:
5655:
4982:
Dijkhof, Hans J. Hoegen; Dijkhof, Hendrik Johannes Hoegen (2006).
4344:
Military and Religious Life in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
1978:
fortifications. But when his council suggested the abandonment of
1551:), the knights reinforced their position with the construction of
7927:
7328:
6912:
6837:
6819:
6794:
6276:
6175:
5964:
2916:
2892:
2844:
2746:
2477:
2433:
2052:
1983:
1680:
1170:
955:
939:
7111:
6388:
5618:
Rare Histoire des Chevaliers de L'Ordre de S. Jean de Hierusalem
5612:
5383:
Nobilita (Rivista di Araldica, Genealogia, Ordini Cavallereschi)
4922:
3488:
3447:
2367:
1842:
8193:
8184:
7953:
7943:
7633:
7566:
7265:
7027:
6756:
6428:
6104:
6081:
6061:
6021:
5075:
4694:"Organisations granted Observer Status in the General Assembly"
3379:
3377:
3375:
2908:
2492:
2473:
2140:
2120:
2014:
1798:(inns) segregated by Langues. This structure was maintained in
1720:, "Most Proud", among the great powers of Europe. However, the
1610:
1548:
1536:
1426:
1274:
1166:
1131:
1033:, the leader of the First Crusade, before he died in 1100. The
969:
5650:
3759:
The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire
3601:
Houses of the National Trust: Outstanding Buildings of Britain
3242:
3240:
3238:
2982:, a leadership member of the French Secretariat of the Knights
2346:
The decree of the French National Assembly in 1789 abolishing
713:
710:
7721:
7007:
6992:
6952:
6678:
6554:
6524:
6443:
6416:
6399:
6209:
6041:
2986:
2532:
Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem
2449:
2440:
2144:
1979:
1799:
1634:
1527:
On Rhodes, the Hospitallers, by then also referred to as the
1224:
became the most formidable military orders in the Holy Land.
1178:
890:
Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John
156:
5150:
A History of the Crusades, Volume I: The First Hundred Years
5122:
5120:
3464:
3435:
3389:
3372:
3360:
3348:
1810:(renovated 1683 by Grand Master Carafa, now an art museum),
1695:, the headquarters of the Hospitallers in Germany, into the
1323:, as shown by a charter of grant issued on 2 June 1247. The
1062:
on 15 February 1113 to the head of the Hospital of St John,
7897:
7465:
6827:
6544:
5928:
5105:
3235:
3211:
1672:
1638:
1049:
when he recognized the abbey of St Mary as a church of the
842:
islands in the mid-17th century, which they turned over to
669:
Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
118:
3709:
3707:
2680:
under the protection of the Federal Republic and with its
1861:
Arms of the Knights Hospitallers, quartered with those of
1212:, entered the besieged fortress and were all killed, King
695:
30:"Order of Saint John" redirects here. For other uses, see
5117:
4667:
3338:
3336:
2907:, who was responsible for the church at the convent; the
2793:. Today, the best-known activities of this order are the
1758:, a military engineer, and his work was then taken up by
822:, the knights operated from Rhodes, over which they were
704:
2975:
List of the priors of Saint John of Jerusalem in England
2660:
of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg (located chiefly in the
2499:
1663:
In 1530, after seven years of displacement from Rhodes,
1566:
In the 15th century, the knights fought frequently with
1547:
in 1402. On the peninsula of Halicarnassus (present-day
3704:
3500:
3476:
3223:
2130:
Hospitaller galleys capturing an Ottoman vessel in the
1830:
was damaged (and later replaced by Law Courts) and the
5624:
Houses of Knights Hospitallers, British History Online
4713:"Knights of Malta Catholic order celebrates 900 years"
4668:
Stair Sainty, Guy; Heydel-Mankoo, Rafal, eds. (2006).
3948:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Arx. pp. 10–11.
3755:
3333:
2891:
The headquarters of the Hospitallers was known as the
2843:
as the Grand Prior of the fictitious "Grand Priory of
2296:
The Knights of Malta had a strong presence within the
1750:
The building and fortification of Valletta, named for
677:
Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani
5323:
In the Name of the Prince: Maltese Corsairs 1760–1798
3908:(7th rev. ed.). Munich: C. H. Beck. p. 264.
3401:
2931:
The earliest title used by Hospitallers was brother (
2734:
2560:
Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2082:, reflecting both qualities qualifying him as a true
1945:
Austria born by a double-headed eagle displayed sable
1417:
was captured in 1291, the order sought refuge in the
1347:. The Hospitaller hold on the Banate was only brief.
1277:
in Syria. The property of the Order was divided into
873:
in 1798, after which it dispersed throughout Europe.
698:
3697:
Elementary History of the Progress of the Art of War
2537:
2476:
government offered the sovereignty of the island of
1539:
on the Anatolian coast, which had been conquered by
707:
701:
3923:(illustrated ed.). Random House. p. 122.
3023:
Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes
2674:
Order of Saint John of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg
2232:The great controversy that surrounded the knights'
692:
689:
5613:Sovereign Military Order of Malta official website
5498:The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, c.1070–1309
4592:"Mideast's Largest Crusader-Era Hospital Unveiled"
4191:. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. pp. 97–109.
3068:The order lost all territorial influence with the
886:Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John
826:, and later from Malta, where they administered a
37:"Hospitaller" redirects here. For other uses, see
5344:. Doctoral thesis. Leiden: University of Leiden.
4412:
4410:
4074:
4072:
3838:
3836:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3528:. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd. pp. 59–60.
2717:Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem
2516:Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem
1315:The Knights also received the "Land of Severin" (
8249:Religious organizations established in the 1110s
8225:
5059:Kennedy, John Joseph Fitzpatrick (Spring 2008).
5023:"The Self-Styled Orders of Saint John (Part II)"
3257:
3255:
3040:History of the Knights Hospitaller in the Levant
2962:
2953:List of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller
2854:These organisations have led to scores of other
2797:Brigade in Britain and the Commonwealth and the
2761:, this effectively caused the activities of the
2418:, gave the largest number of knights shelter in
915:History of the Knights Hospitaller in the Levant
2311:was appointed governor of the French colony on
1845:coin of the Knights Hospitaller, depicting the
1667:– himself a knight – reached an agreement with
1350:
972:in southern Italy were given permission by the
908:
798:, the Hospitallers rose in prominence and were
5339:
5304:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades
5014:
4981:
4407:
4069:
3903:
3867:
3833:
3627:Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary
3556:
2875:The first in the hierarchy of command was the
2725:International Commission on Orders of Chivalry
2640:Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)
2350:in France also abolished the Order in France:
2343:, ending the Order's presence in that region.
2167:– upon the succession of the Protestant queen
1555:, utilizing pieces of the partially destroyed
987:) to build a monastery in Jerusalem, near the
52:Knights Hospitaller of Saint John of Jerusalem
7166:
5980:
5671:
5389:(32). Istituto Araldico Genealogico Italiano.
5294:
5143:
4594:. National Geographic Society. Archived from
4447:Bonnassieux, Louis Jean Pierre Marie (1892).
3603:. London: National Trust Books. p. 325.
3570:le Roulx, Joseph Delaville, ed. (1894–1906).
3569:
3494:
3470:
3458:
3441:
3395:
3252:
2487:. From 2000 to 2013, it was excavated by the
2261:wearing the Crown of the Grand Master of the
1502:dissolved the Hospitallers' rival order, the
820:reconquest of the Holy Land by Islamic forces
5580:Women in the military orders of the crusades
4672:. Wilmington: Burke's Peerage & Gentry.
4610:
4566:
4003:(2000). "Două portrete românești în Malta".
3811:"Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem"
3669:Εκκλησιαστικός Φάρος, Τ. Πβ΄ (2011), 237–247
2946:
2825:Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller
2757:during the Reformation. Though not formally
2424:Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller
2362:
5820:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
5641:History of the Order of St John in Scotland
5561:Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean
5492:
4446:
3973:[History of the Maltese Language].
3665:"Diasporic Communities in Rhodes 1350–1450"
3383:
3366:
3354:
3246:
3217:
1239:A Hospitaller depicted in a church painting
1117:, a castle acquired by the Hospitallers in
56:
7173:
7159:
5987:
5973:
5678:
5664:
5440:
4643:"Sovereign Order of Malta – official site"
4569:"From the loss of Malta to the modern era"
4500:Napoleon's Egypt: Invading the Middle East
4302:
4300:
4298:
3749:
3584:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
2987:Fortifications and locales of the Hospital
2600:and even vehicle registration plates. The
2584:directly back to the Knight Hospitallers.
1794:In Rhodes, the knights had been housed in
1520:. The English Grand Prior at the time was
1081:, the original hospice was expanded to an
5522:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5393:
4522:. London: Longman, Brown, Green. p.
4355:
4353:
4346:. New York: Frederick Ungar. p. 188.
4115:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 94.
3713:
3522:The Knights Hospitallers in the Holy Land
3506:
3342:
3229:
2879:, or commander-in-chief, followed by the
2781:in 1888, before expanding throughout the
2089:
1543:; the knights held the city until it was
1373:on their habits. Dedicatory miniature in
1319:), along with the nearby mountains, from
5542:God's War: A New History of the Crusades
5514:
5449:
5380:
5218:
5206:
5126:
5111:
5020:
4616:
4475:
4469:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
3756:Balfour, Baron Kinross, Patrick (1979).
3482:
2619:
2555:
2439:
2366:
2253:
2191:
2125:
2024:
1856:
1836:
1727:
1628:
1588:
1392:
1384:
1360:
1234:
918:
6011:Sorted by modern states, with crusader
5536:
5237:
5184:
5058:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5048:
4975:
4957:St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital Group
4493:
4491:
4341:
4306:
4295:
3999:
3407:
3318:
3295:
2672:. Continuing to the present day as the
1771:, completed in 1577, contains works by
1045:, and a step towards this was taken by
814:, and fought in the Crusades until the
14:
8226:
5415:
5358:
5275:
5256:
4589:
4512:
4374:
4359:
4350:
4201:
3918:
3875:"History: Knights of Malta to Present"
3693:
3662:
3157:
2702:Order of Saint John in the Netherlands
2615:
1791:, who were not admitted to the Order.
1699:, making the Grand Prior of Germany a
1586:, made the Knights a priority target.
1381:), BNF Lat 6067 fol. 3v, dated 1483/4.
1375:Gestorum Rhodie obsidionis commentarii
894:Order of Saint John in the Netherlands
878:mutually recognized orders of St. John
849:The knights became divided during the
7154:
5968:
5659:
5558:
5320:
5302:(1995). Riley-Smith, Jonathan (ed.).
4747:The Alliance of the Orders of St John
4649:from the original on 20 November 2016
4457:from the original on 27 November 2018
4266:
4255:
4236:
4186:
4171:
4159:from the original on 30 December 2023
4129:from the original on 30 December 2023
4108:
4042:
4015:
3943:
3786:
3675:from the original on 27 November 2022
3644:from the original on 30 December 2023
3598:
3321:Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem
3113:This historical fact was used as the
2812:
2500:Successors of the Knights Hospitaller
2329:The Order's presence in the Caribbean
739:in Cyprus (1302–1310), the island of
27:Catholic military order, 1113–present
5473:
5325:. Malta: Heritage Malta Publishing.
5160:
5093:from the original on 3 November 2021
5045:
4963:from the original on 4 December 2018
4873:from the original on 4 December 2018
4670:World Orders of Knighthood and Merit
4502:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 8–10.
4497:
4488:
4057:from the original on 15 October 2020
4005:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie
3623:
3553:Cartulaire – General, Vol. I, No. 27
3518:
3329:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3192:
2387:stronghold of Malta was captured by
2249:
1409:), the Knights were confined to the
32:Order of Saint John (disambiguation)
7923:Church of Saint Mary of the Germans
5685:
5577:
5306:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5190:Grandes figures de l'Ordre de Malte
4903:from the original on 15 August 2022
4867:Maltese Ministry of Foreign Affairs
4843:from the original on 31 August 2022
4813:from the original on 9 October 2011
4723:from the original on 31 August 2022
4478:Readings in European History 2 Vols
3842:
3423:. Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2694:Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
2422:, an action which gave rise to the
2309:Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy
1814:(1571, now a government ministry),
1645:to the Order of St John by Emperor
1624:
24:
5994:
5416:Noonan, James-Charles Jr. (1996).
5136:
5002:from the original on 14 April 2017
4933:from the original on 26 April 2021
4590:Mairav, Zonszein (5 August 2013).
4395:from the original on 3 August 2020
3968:
3821:from the original on 30 March 2019
3174:from the original on 26 March 2023
2771:Most Venerable Order of Saint John
2741:Most Venerable Order of Saint John
2735:Most Venerable Order of Saint John
2551:Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere
2319:the islands of Sainte-Christophe,
2029:Ottoman attack on the post of the
1561:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
1285:, which in turn were divided into
1197:in 1142, which they received from
1024:By the time of the success of the
1016:, and that it was first headed by
1012:of Jerusalem, with financing from
758:, a reformist movement within the
25:
8260:
7190:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
5606:
4953:"History of the Order of St John"
4783:from the original on 25 June 2017
4548:from the original on 4 March 2012
4519:A History of the Knights of Malta
4241:. London: Routledge. p. 17.
3855:from the original on 8 March 2012
3323:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3263:"History of the Knights of Malta"
3074:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
3033:
2993:List of Knights Hospitaller sites
2729:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2602:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2578:Alliance of the Orders of St John
2544:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2538:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2512:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2458:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2400:Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim
1369:with senior knights, wearing the
1300:. As a result, buildings such as
1077:and beyond. Under his successor,
882:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
604:Other service in European navies.
8206:
8183:
8167:
7942:
7918:Church of Saint John the Baptist
7565:
7533:
7493:
7474:
7361:
7351:
7342:
7327:
7224:
7193:
7182:
7133:
7120:
7110:
7100:
7090:
7080:
7070:
7058:
6995:
6985:
6975:
6965:
6955:
6940:
6920:
6915:
6905:
6890:
6880:
6870:
6860:
6850:
6840:
6830:
6807:
6797:
6787:
6777:
6767:
6744:
6728:
6716:
6699:
6687:
6671:
6666:
6650:
6633:
6617:
6596:
6590:
6579:
6569:
6563:
6547:
6517:
6511:
6495:
6489:
6468:
6462:
6436:
6420:
6408:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6366:
6354:
6338:
6332:
6321:
6311:
6306:
6295:
6284:
6279:
6269:
6259:
6244:
6238:
6222:
6202:
6196:
6179:
6168:
6162:
6146:
6141:
6135:
6119:
6113:
6097:
5759:
5620:Rare Book on Knights of St. John
5582:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
5340:Hoegen Dijkhof, Hans J. (2006).
4696:. United Nations. Archived from
4418:"History of the Order 1066–1999"
4032:
3797:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1114
3535:from the original on 17 May 2023
3308:
2827:was recognized by the Pope with
2765:of the order to come to an end.
2317:Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique
2215:, stating the Order's troubles:
2049:Grandmaster's Palace in Valletta
1956:established a temporary foothold
1928:Azure the word ITALIA in bend or
1826:). In the Second World War, the
1675:, and the North African port of
1603:Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam
1107:
995:(to distinguish them from local
685:
653:Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam
566:Battle of the Dardanelles (1657)
561:Battle of the Dardanelles (1656)
459:Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)
110:
87:used by Hospitallers during the
74:
69:
7407:Orders, decorations, and medals
5078:: The Heraldry Society: 7–15 .
4945:
4915:
4885:
4855:
4825:
4795:
4765:
4753:from the original on 1 May 2010
4735:
4705:
4686:
4661:
4635:
4583:
4560:
4530:
4506:
4440:
4375:Greene, Molly (February 2002).
4368:
4335:
4230:
4195:
4141:
4102:
3993:
3962:
3937:
3912:
3897:
3803:
3780:
3719:
3687:
3663:Artemi, Eirini (January 2011).
3656:
3617:
3592:
3547:
3512:
3413:
3130:
3107:
2980:Pierre Jean Louis Ovide Doublet
2921:navy of the Order of Saint John
2870:
2287:Frederick William IV of Prussia
2099:Navy of the Order of Saint John
2072:Prince of the Holy Roman Empire
1733:Auberge de Castille et Portugal
1701:prince of the Holy Roman Empire
1563:, to strengthen their rampart.
1405:in 1291 (the city of Jerusalem
982:
8198:
8091:Conquest of Rhodes (1306–1310)
7961:
7930:
7821:
7802:
7788:
7766:
7732:
7553:
7338:Order of Malta Ambulance Corps
5891:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
5778:Latin Empire of Constantinople
5651:Museum of the Order of St John
4617:McCreery, Christopher (2008).
4149:"Ottoman Siege of Malta, 1565"
3277:
3186:
3151:
3079:
3062:
2755:dissolution of the monasteries
2393:during his expedition to Egypt
2165:dissolution of the monasteries
2078:, and the unique hybrid style
1824:National Museum of Archaeology
1687:), which they were to send on
999:hierarchy), was served by the
993:abbey of St Mary of the Latins
991:. The monastery, known as the
859:remaining separate to this day
389:Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes
13:
1:
8244:1113 establishments in Europe
5825:Lordship of Argos and Nauplia
5563:. Stanford University Press.
5154:University of Wisconsin Press
4239:Early Modern European Society
4189:Corsairs of Malta and Barbary
3144:
2963:Personalities of the Hospital
2644:Order of Saint John in Sweden
2528:Order of Saint John in Sweden
2197:
1782:was established in 1761. The
1769:Conventual Church of St. John
1685:Tribute of the Maltese Falcon
1669:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1467:. Each was administered by a
1397:The Knights' castle at Rhodes
1331:, or border province, of the
1193:. Those notably included the
898:Order of Saint John in Sweden
792:conquest of Jerusalem in 1099
594:Bombardment of Algiers (1784)
300:Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
18:Order of St John of Jerusalem
8202:Demolished or sparse remains
7989:Colonization of the Americas
5364:Géopolitique du Catholicisme
5223:. Leiden: Brill Publishers.
4988:. Hoegen Dijkhof Advocaten.
3977:(in Maltese). Archived from
3971:"L-Istorja tal-Ilsien Malti"
3519:King, Colonel E. J. (1931).
2865:
2648:Johanniter Orde in Nederland
2524:Johanniter Orde in Nederland
2489:Israel Antiquities Authority
1906:Castile, León and Portugal:
1703:with a seat and vote in the
1351:Knights of Cyprus and Rhodes
1199:Raymond II, Count of Tripoli
1035:Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
989:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
909:Foundation and early history
524:Battle of Pantelleria (1586)
409:Battle of Adramyttion (1334)
39:Hospitaller (disambiguation)
7:
8239:1113 establishments in Asia
8179:(with year of proclamation)
8126:Great Siege of Malta (1565)
7984:Principality of Heitersheim
7675:St John (Conventual Church)
7500:Villa del Priorato di Malta
7096:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
5873:State of the Teutonic Order
5746:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
5544:. Allen Lane. p. 253.
5192:(in French). Artège Group.
4046:Knights of Malta, 1523–1798
3944:Prata, Nicholas C. (2004).
3921:Nelson: The Sword of Albion
3085:Less commonly known as the
2957:
1697:Principality of Heitersheim
1545:besieged and taken by Timur
1498:. Not long after, in 1312,
1389:Street of Knights in Rhodes
1249:Fernando Afonso of Portugal
556:Action of 28 September 1644
361:Fall of Krak des Chevaliers
249:Crusader invasions of Egypt
10:
8265:
7864:Palace of the Grand Master
5578:Bom, Myra Miranda (2012).
5441:Peyrefitte, Roger (1960).
4567:Stair Sainty, Guy (2000).
4453:(in French). Paris: Plon.
4281:10.1177/026569149002000301
4269:European History Quarterly
4216:10.1177/026569147300300201
3787:Veinstein, G. "Süleymān".
3762:. Harper Collins. p.
3700:. R. Bentley. p. 299.
3574:. Paris. no. 78, no. 2479.
3319:Moeller, Charles (1913). "
2950:
2816:
2738:
2706:Order of St John in Sweden
2662:Margraviate of Brandenburg
2637:
2553:(Grand Master 1931–1951).
2541:
2503:
2472:On 19 September 1806, the
2437:Grand Master of the Order.
2096:
1912:Quarterly Castile and León
1652:
1557:Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
1354:
912:
903:
760:Benedictine monastic order
453:Ottoman conquest of Lesbos
36:
29:
8162:
8141:Battle of Damietta (1732)
8076:Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
8066:
8008:
7997:
7971:
7883:
7849:
7776:
7720:
7713:
7665:
7632:
7519:
7509:
7464:
7430:
7384:
7318:
7238:
7202:
7050:
7026:
7006:
6818:
6755:
6080:
6060:
6040:
6020:
6009:
6005:
5937:
5858:
5768:
5757:
5702:
5693:
5559:White, Joshua M. (2017).
5474:Read, Piers Paul (1999).
5276:Fenech, Marthese (2020).
5257:Fenech, Marthese (2011).
5219:Burgtorf, Jochen (2008).
5214:. London: Harper Collins.
4309:French Historical Studies
4109:Balbi, Francesco (2005).
3495:Baldwin & Setton 1969
3471:Forey & Luttrell 1995
3459:Forey & Luttrell 1995
3442:Baldwin & Setton 1969
3421:"The eight-pointed cross"
3396:Forey & Luttrell 1995
3197:. Routledge. p. 26.
3182:– via academia.edu.
2947:Princes and Grand Masters
2710:Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
2395:. Napoleon demanded from
2363:Loss of Malta and decline
2341:French West India Company
2179:and part Roman Catholic.
2177:Protestant or Evangelical
2080:His Most Eminent Highness
1480:four years of campaigning
1220:The Hospitallers and the
1059:Pie postulatio voluntatis
926:Pie postulatio voluntatis
855:commanderies of the order
679:), commonly known as the
642:
632:
619:
614:
540:Campaign of Cyprus (1609)
480:Algiers expedition (1541)
323:Battle of Mansurah (1221)
318:Battle of Fariskur (1219)
289:Siege of Acre (1189–1191)
267:Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
216:
199:
178:
170:
137:
124:
106:
96:
68:
48:
8131:Battle of Lepanto (1571)
5810:Duchy of the Archipelago
5212:The Shield and the Sword
4837:Sovereign Order of Malta
4803:"Multilateral Relations"
4621:. Dundurn. p. 187.
4484:. Boston: Ginn: 404–409.
4360:Seward, Desmond (1972).
4112:The Siege of Malta, 1565
3630:. Palgrave. p. 92.
3285:"Hospital, Order of the"
3193:Boas, Adrian J. (2001).
3070:French invasion of Malta
3055:
3003:Fortifications of Rhodes
2926:
2670:evangelical Christianity
2582:Prince and Grand Masters
2275:Bailiwick of Brandenburg
1716:, would become known as
1599:Suleiman the Magnificent
1306:Knights Gate, Quenington
1214:Baldwin III of Jerusalem
728:. It was founded in the
599:French invasion of Malta
571:Action of 27 August 1661
394:Battle of Amorgos (1312)
238:Siege of Damascus (1148)
101:15 February 1113–present
58:Fraternitas Hospitalaria
8121:Siege of Tripoli (1551)
8116:Invasion of Gozo (1551)
5790:Kingdom of Thessalonica
5724:Principality of Antioch
5696:List of Crusader states
5500:. Palgrave Macmillian.
5466:Encyclopædia Britannica
5451:Phillips, Walter Alison
5399:The Knights Hospitaller
5238:Crowley, Roger (2008).
4204:European Studies Review
3904:Gerhard Köbler (2007).
3599:Lydia, Greaves (2008).
3158:Eiland, Murray (2013).
2998:Fortifications of Malta
2799:Saint John Eye Hospital
2686:Prince Oscar of Prussia
2625:Prince Oskar of Prussia
2051:; four of the original
1995:Jean Parisot de Valette
1908:James, brother of Jesus
1752:Grand Master la Valette
1574:in 1444 and another by
1474:Guillaume's successor,
1379:Siege of Rhodes of 1480
1267:Principality of Antioch
1191:Principality of Antioch
1001:Order of Saint Benedict
818:in 1291. Following the
802:as a distinct order by
649:Jean Parisot de Valette
490:Siege of Tripoli (1551)
485:Invasion of Gozo (1551)
425:Battle of Megara (1359)
420:Battle of Imbros (1347)
404:Battle of Rhodes (1320)
340:Siege of Ascalon (1247)
306:Siege of Alcácer do Sal
272:Siege of Belvoir Castle
8213:Catholicism portal
8081:Battle of Arsuf (1191)
7592:Santa Margherita Lines
7333:Malteser International
7298:Diplomatic missions to
7293:Diplomatic missions of
7140:Catholicism portal
7116:Order of Saint Lazarus
5912:Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
5815:Triarchy of Negroponte
5795:Principality of Achaea
5783:Duchy of Philippopolis
5478:. Imago. p. 118.
4743:"Origins of the Order"
4538:"The Knights of Malta"
4342:Lacroix, Paul (1964).
4080:"History of the Order"
3789:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3694:Graham, J. J. (1858).
2635:
2561:
2461:
2380:
2357:
2266:
2222:
2203:
2190:
2163:of England during the
2135:
2034:
1934:Flagellation of Christ
1896:France: conversion of
1869:
1854:
1740:
1650:
1594:
1401:After the fall of the
1398:
1390:
1382:
1240:
997:Syriac Orthodox Church
931:
851:Protestant Reformation
676:
551:Action of 26 June 1625
469:Siege of Rhodes (1522)
464:Siege of Rhodes (1480)
448:Siege of Rhodes (1444)
399:Battle of Chios (1319)
379:Fall of Tripoli (1289)
278:Siege of Sahyun Castle
57:
8136:Raid on Żejtun (1614)
7642:Grand Master's Palace
7397:Flag and coat of arms
7218:, founded in 1099 in
5902:Bishopric of Courland
5897:Archbishopric of Riga
5494:Riley-Smith, Jonathan
5366:. Éditions Ellipses.
5144:Baldwin, Marshal W.;
4927:St John International
4773:"Bilateral Relations"
4389:10.1093/past/174.1.42
4237:Kamen, Henry (2000).
4187:Earle, Peter (1970).
4153:World History at KMLA
3975:L-Akkademja tal-Malti
3919:Sugden, John (2014).
3624:Rady, Martyn (2000).
3326:Catholic Encyclopedia
3160:"A Snapshot of Malta"
3028:Torphichen Preceptory
2888:the Grand Commander.
2835:Following the end of
2817:Further information:
2708:is protected by King
2623:
2559:
2504:Further information:
2485:Old City of Jerusalem
2443:
2370:
2352:
2298:Imperial Russian Navy
2283:Frederick William III
2257:
2217:
2195:
2185:
2129:
2028:
1878:Michael the Archangel
1860:
1840:
1731:
1632:
1592:
1423:Guillaume de Villaret
1396:
1388:
1364:
1238:
960:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
922:
367:Second Battle of Homs
356:Siege of Safed (1266)
284:Siege of Safed (1188)
186:Our Lady of Philermos
8146:Loss of Malta (1798)
8086:Siege of Acre (1291)
7754:Castille et Portugal
7749:Auvergne et Provence
7232:Kingdom of Jerusalem
7066:Kingdom of Jerusalem
6013:names in parentheses
5712:Kingdom of Jerusalem
5538:Tyerman, Christopher
5321:Gauci, Liam (2016).
4645:. Orderofmalta.int.
3981:on 23 September 2015
3727:"Castle of St Peter"
2919:, who commanded the
2787:British Commonwealth
2379:, Malta, 8 May 2005.
2084:Prince of the Church
2040:Great Siege of Malta
1972:Great Siege of Malta
1804:Castile and Portugal
1722:indigenous islanders
1633:Deed of Donation of
1582:in 1480, who, after
1580:Mehmed the Conqueror
1476:Foulques de Villaret
1403:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1263:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1226:Frederick Barbarossa
1165:constructed several
1150:before reaching the
1075:Kingdom of Jerusalem
733:Kingdom of Jerusalem
633:Current Grand Master
576:Djidjelli expedition
507:Great Siege of Malta
384:Siege of Acre (1291)
351:Fall of Haifa (1265)
312:Siege of Mount Tabor
8234:Knights Hospitaller
8190:World Heritage Site
8176:extraterritoriality
7949:Krak des Chevaliers
7690:Our Lady of Victory
7385:Society and culture
7086:Knights Hospitaller
5907:Bishopric of Dorpat
5838:Knights Hospitaller
5634:6 June 2017 at the
5395:Nicholson, Helen J.
5259:Eight Pointed Cross
5114:, pp. 3–4, 19.
5021:Stair Sainty, Guy.
4719:. 9 February 2013.
4700:on 1 December 2012.
4573:ChivalricOrders.org
4498:Cole, Juan (2007).
3879:Malta Visitor Guide
3737:on 24 November 2013
3497:, pp. 537–538.
3461:, pp. 190–191.
3099:Knights of St. John
3095:Order of Saint John
2616:Order of Saint John
2456:, belonging to the
2339:possessions to the
2213:Louis XIV of France
2196:Hospitaller galley
2156:Counter-Reformation
1756:Francesco Laparelli
1659:Hospitaller Tripoli
1506:, with a series of
1302:St John's Jerusalem
1271:Krak des Chevaliers
1210:Bernard de Tremelay
1195:Krak des Chevaliers
1142:gave the order its
1115:Krak des Chevaliers
1031:Godfrey of Bouillon
978:al-Mustansir Billah
681:Knights Hospitaller
627:Gérard de Martigues
436:Battle of Nicopolis
328:Conquest of Majorca
85:eight-pointed cross
7680:Our Lady of Liesse
6963:Saint Louis Castle
6888:Citadel of Tripoli
5947:Crusading movement
5843:Hospitaller Rhodes
5805:Duchy of Neopatras
5422:. Viking. p.
5146:Setton, Kenneth M.
5033:on 19 October 2008
4381:Past & Present
4364:. London: Penguin.
3885:on 4 February 2012
3273:on 27 August 2018.
3164:The Armiger's News
3124:The Maltese Falcon
3018:Castle of La Muela
2860:House of Sanguszko
2856:self-styled orders
2813:Self-styled orders
2636:
2562:
2462:
2381:
2267:
2204:
2136:
2035:
2002:Philip II of Spain
1986:and withdrawal to
1892:Azure a dolphin or
1870:
1855:
1828:auberge d'Auvergne
1741:
1651:
1595:
1494:and the island of
1449:Kingdom of England
1407:had fallen in 1187
1399:
1391:
1383:
1357:Hospitaller Rhodes
1333:Kingdom of Hungary
1321:Béla IV of Hungary
1294:Kingdom of England
1281:, subdivided into
1241:
1230:Holy Roman Emperor
1039:Ghibbelin of Arles
932:
534:Battle of Hammamet
8221:
8220:
8158:
8157:
8154:
8153:
8095:Sieges of Rhodes
7893:Saint John d'Acre
7845:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7685:Our Lady of Pilar
7374:Ships of the line
7288:Foreign relations
7256:Sovereign Council
7216:international law
7212:sovereign subject
7208:order of chivalry
7148:
7147:
7076:County of Tripoli
7046:
7045:
6973:Scandelion Castle
6292:Caesarea Maritima
6131:Saint Jean d'Acre
5962:
5961:
5929:Free City of Riga
5751:Kingdom of Cyprus
5741:County of Tripoli
5589:978-1-137-08830-7
5570:978-1-503-60252-6
5507:978-0-230-29083-9
5401:. Boydell Press.
5373:978-2-7298-3523-1
5332:978-99932-57-37-0
5313:978-0-19-285428-5
5300:Luttrell, Anthony
5287:978-99182-10-44-2
5268:978-99957-33-08-7
5249:978-1-4000-6624-7
5230:978-90-04-16660-8
5199:978-2-36040-405-6
5129:, pp. 34–36.
4995:978-90-6550-954-3
4679:978-0-9711966-7-4
4628:978-1-77070-280-6
4514:Porter, Whitworth
4422:Order of Malta UK
4248:978-0-415-15865-7
4122:978-1-84383-140-2
4051:Project Gutenberg
3955:978-1-889758-56-5
3930:978-1-84792-276-2
3773:978-0-688-08093-8
3637:978-0-333-98534-2
3610:978-1-905400-66-9
3386:, pp. 29–30.
3369:, pp. 23–24.
3357:, pp. 27–28.
3249:, pp. 20–22.
3220:, pp. 16–17.
3204:978-1-134-58272-3
3087:Knights of Rhodes
2819:Self-styled order
2795:St John Ambulance
2678:order of chivalry
2454:Fort Saint Angelo
2250:Turmoil in Europe
2209:Thirty Years' War
2117:Battle of Lepanto
2033:on 21 August 1565
2031:Castilian knights
1863:Pierre d'Aubusson
1832:auberge de France
1655:Hospitaller Malta
1615:Phillipe Villiers
1541:a crusade in 1344
1529:Knights of Rhodes
1457:Holy Roman Empire
1419:Kingdom of Cyprus
1411:County of Tripoli
1367:Pierre d'Aubusson
1325:Banate of Severin
1298:Duchy of Normandy
1187:County of Tripoli
1163:Fulk of Jerusalem
938:commissioned the
930:
747:(1530–1798), and
662:
661:
657:Garnier de Nablus
588:Battle of Matapan
518:Battle of Lepanto
474:Battle of Preveza
414:Battle of Pallene
334:Siege of Burriana
255:Battle of Cresson
61:
16:(Redirected from
8256:
8211:
8210:
8201:
8188:
8187:
8172:
8171:
8006:
8005:
7964:
7947:
7946:
7933:
7908:Belvoir Fortress
7824:
7805:
7791:
7769:
7735:
7718:
7717:
7657:San Anton Palace
7570:
7569:
7556:
7538:
7537:
7517:
7516:
7498:
7497:
7479:
7478:
7462:
7461:
7365:
7355:
7346:
7331:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7197:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7175:
7168:
7161:
7152:
7151:
7138:
7137:
7124:
7114:
7104:
7094:
7084:
7074:
7064:
7062:
7061:
6999:
6989:
6983:Sidon Sea Castle
6979:
6969:
6959:
6944:
6928:Deir Kifa Castle
6924:
6919:
6909:
6894:
6884:
6874:
6864:
6854:
6844:
6834:
6811:
6801:
6791:
6781:
6771:
6748:
6733:
6732:
6721:
6720:
6704:
6703:
6692:
6691:
6675:
6670:
6655:
6654:
6638:
6637:
6622:
6621:
6600:
6595:
6594:
6583:
6573:
6568:
6567:
6551:
6521:
6516:
6515:
6499:
6494:
6493:
6472:
6467:
6466:
6440:
6425:
6424:
6413:
6412:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6370:
6359:
6358:
6342:
6337:
6336:
6325:
6315:
6310:
6300:
6299:
6288:
6283:
6273:
6267:Belvoir Fortress
6263:
6248:
6243:
6242:
6226:
6206:
6201:
6200:
6184:
6183:
6172:
6167:
6166:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6139:
6123:
6118:
6117:
6101:
6007:
6006:
5989:
5982:
5975:
5966:
5965:
5922:Order of Dobrzyń
5850:Genoese colonies
5763:
5729:County of Edessa
5680:
5673:
5666:
5657:
5656:
5601:
5574:
5555:
5533:
5516:Runciman, Steven
5511:
5489:
5470:
5458:
5446:
5443:Knights of Malta
5437:
5412:
5390:
5377:
5355:
5336:
5317:
5291:
5272:
5253:
5242:. Random House.
5234:
5215:
5203:
5186:Berthod, Bernard
5181:
5157:
5130:
5124:
5115:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5092:
5068:The Coat of Arms
5065:
5056:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5029:. Archived from
5027:Chivalric Orders
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4709:
4703:
4701:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4598:on 8 August 2013
4587:
4581:
4580:
4579:on 6 March 2012.
4575:. Archived from
4564:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4495:
4486:
4485:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4424:. Archived from
4414:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4362:The Monks of War
4357:
4348:
4347:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4304:
4293:
4292:
4264:
4253:
4252:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4184:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4086:. Archived from
4084:Knights of Malta
4076:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4013:
4012:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3881:. Archived from
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3849:Jimdiamondmd.com
3840:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3791:(2nd ed.).
3784:
3778:
3777:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3733:. Archived from
3723:
3717:
3711:
3702:
3701:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3554:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3534:
3527:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3384:Riley-Smith 2012
3381:
3370:
3367:Riley-Smith 2012
3364:
3358:
3355:Riley-Smith 2012
3352:
3346:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3293:
3292:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3269:. Archived from
3267:Knights of Malta
3259:
3250:
3247:Riley-Smith 2012
3244:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3218:Riley-Smith 2012
3215:
3209:
3208:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3155:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3121:'s famous novel
3119:Dashiell Hammett
3111:
3105:
3091:Knights of Malta
3083:
3077:
3066:
2676:, this forms an
2420:Saint Petersburg
2325:Saint Barthélemy
2202:
2199:
1898:Paul the Apostle
1851:John the Baptist
1764:Sacra Infermeria
1665:Pope Clement VII
1625:Knights of Malta
1553:Petronium Castle
1510:, including the
1445:Crown of Castile
1377:(account of the
1345:Bulgarian Empire
1317:Terra de Zeurino
1256:Pope Innocent IV
1245:Roger de Moulins
1243:The statutes of
1206:Siege of Ascalon
1148:Byzantine Empire
1140:Pope Innocent II
1111:
1092:Pope Innocent II
986:
985: 1036–1094
984:
974:Egyptian Fatimid
923:
880:, which are the
871:capture of Malta
776:John the Baptist
756:Cluniac movement
749:Saint Petersburg
720:
719:
716:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
501:Battle of Verbia
495:Battle of Djerba
430:Battle of Kosovo
261:Battle of Hattin
243:Siege of Ascalon
191:John the Baptist
114:
102:
78:
73:
60:
55:
46:
45:
21:
8264:
8263:
8259:
8258:
8257:
8255:
8254:
8253:
8224:
8223:
8222:
8217:
8205:
8182:
8166:
8150:
8062:
8000:
7993:
7967:
7941:
7879:
7837:
7772:
7709:
7661:
7628:
7597:Cottonera Lines
7564:
7550:Fort St Michael
7532:
7513:
7505:
7492:
7473:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7426:
7380:
7360:(Historically:
7314:
7261:Chapter General
7234:
7225:
7223:
7198:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7149:
7144:
7132:
7106:Knights Templar
7059:
7057:
7042:
7022:
7002:
6848:Beaufort Castle
6814:
6751:
6727:
6715:
6698:
6686:
6649:
6632:
6616:
6589:
6562:
6510:
6488:
6461:
6458:Castellum Regis
6419:
6407:
6365:
6353:
6331:
6319:Château Pèlerin
6294:
6237:
6195:
6188:Ateret Fortress
6178:
6161:
6154:Apollonia–Arsuf
6134:
6112:
6076:
6056:
6036:
6016:
6001:
5993:
5963:
5958:
5942:Military orders
5933:
5862:
5854:
5800:Duchy of Athens
5764:
5755:
5698:
5689:
5687:Crusader states
5684:
5636:Wayback Machine
5609:
5604:
5590:
5571:
5552:
5530:
5508:
5486:
5434:
5409:
5374:
5360:Levaye, Patrick
5352:
5333:
5314:
5288:
5278:Falcon's Shadow
5269:
5250:
5231:
5208:Bradford, Ernle
5200:
5178:
5170:. Bantam Dell.
5148:, eds. (1969).
5139:
5137:Further reading
5134:
5133:
5125:
5118:
5110:
5106:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5063:
5057:
5046:
5036:
5034:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5003:
4996:
4980:
4976:
4966:
4964:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4936:
4934:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4906:
4904:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4876:
4874:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4846:
4844:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4816:
4814:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4784:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4726:
4724:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4680:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4629:
4615:
4611:
4601:
4599:
4588:
4584:
4565:
4561:
4551:
4549:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4511:
4507:
4496:
4489:
4474:
4470:
4460:
4458:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4428:on 24 July 2008
4416:
4415:
4408:
4398:
4396:
4373:
4369:
4358:
4351:
4340:
4336:
4305:
4296:
4265:
4256:
4249:
4235:
4231:
4200:
4196:
4185:
4172:
4162:
4160:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4123:
4107:
4103:
4093:
4091:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4060:
4058:
4033:
4031:
4016:
4011:: 177–180, 182.
4001:Pippidi, Andrei
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3969:Cassar, Mario.
3967:
3963:
3956:
3942:
3938:
3931:
3917:
3913:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3845:"Malta History"
3841:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3785:
3781:
3774:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3712:
3705:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3638:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3597:
3593:
3577:
3576:
3568:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3517:
3513:
3505:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3481:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3373:
3365:
3361:
3353:
3349:
3341:
3334:
3309:
3307:
3296:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3245:
3236:
3232:, pp. 2–5.
3228:
3224:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3135:
3131:
3112:
3108:
3084:
3080:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3045:Knights Templar
3036:
2989:
2969:Caterina Vitale
2965:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2929:
2881:Grand Commander
2873:
2868:
2841:Maltese crosses
2821:
2815:
2743:
2737:
2721:fount of honour
2696:is an Honorary
2650:
2638:Main articles:
2618:
2610:Fort St. Angelo
2570:observer status
2566:religious order
2546:
2540:
2508:
2502:
2373:Fort Saint Elmo
2365:
2291:Johanniterorden
2289:, restored the
2252:
2200:
2175:which was part
2113:Barbary pirates
2101:
2095:
2022:reinforcements.
2011:Fort Saint Elmo
1988:Fort St. Angelo
1964:Barbary pirates
1888:Saint Sebastian
1834:was destroyed.
1760:Girolamo Cassar
1661:
1653:Main articles:
1627:
1572:Sultan of Egypt
1568:Barbary pirates
1522:Philip De Thame
1504:Knights Templar
1437:Crown of Aragon
1371:"Rhodian cross"
1359:
1353:
1222:Knights Templar
1152:Duchy of Amalfi
1125:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1112:
1097:Knights Templar
1047:Pope Paschal II
1014:Judas Maccabeus
981:
917:
911:
906:
804:Pope Paschal II
688:
684:
665:
655:
651:
644:
610:
607:
582:Siege of Candia
442:Siege of Smyrna
373:Siege of Margat
294:Battle of Arsuf
225:
224:
212:
206:Black and white
195:
166:
100:
92:
64:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8262:
8252:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8219:
8218:
8216:
8215:
8203:
8196:
8180:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8156:
8155:
8152:
8151:
8149:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8112:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8072:
8070:
8064:
8063:
8061:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8014:
8012:
8003:
7995:
7994:
7992:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7975:
7973:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7965:
7956:
7951:
7939:
7934:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7889:
7887:
7881:
7880:
7878:
7877:
7866:
7861:
7859:Fortifications
7855:
7853:
7847:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7797:
7792:
7782:
7780:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7770:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7726:
7724:
7715:
7711:
7710:
7708:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7671:
7669:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7659:
7654:
7652:Verdala Palace
7649:
7647:Vilhena Palace
7644:
7638:
7636:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7626:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7587:Floriana Lines
7584:
7579:
7562:
7557:
7543:
7540:Fort St Angelo
7525:
7523:
7521:Fortifications
7514:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7503:
7490:
7470:
7468:
7459:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7388:
7386:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7348:Military Corps
7340:
7335:
7324:
7322:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7310:
7308:United Nations
7305:
7303:European Union
7300:
7295:
7285:
7280:
7266:Grand Priories
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7242:
7240:
7236:
7235:
7203:
7200:
7199:
7178:
7177:
7170:
7163:
7155:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7142:
7129:
7128:
7126:Teutonic Order
7118:
7108:
7098:
7088:
7078:
7068:
7055:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7040:
7032:
7030:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7012:
7010:
7004:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6990:
6980:
6970:
6960:
6950:
6945:
6935:
6933:Hasbaya Castle
6930:
6925:
6910:
6900:
6895:
6885:
6875:
6865:
6855:
6845:
6835:
6824:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6802:
6792:
6782:
6772:
6761:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6749:
6737:Khirbat Jiddin
6734:
6722:
6705:
6693:
6676:
6656:
6639:
6626:Tel Tanninim (
6623:
6606:
6601:
6584:
6574:
6552:
6542:
6532:
6522:
6500:
6483:
6473:
6451:
6441:
6426:
6414:
6397:
6360:
6348:
6343:
6326:
6316:
6301:
6289:
6274:
6264:
6249:
6227:
6212:
6207:
6185:
6173:
6151:
6124:
6109:Casal Imbertia
6102:
6086:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6066:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6046:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6026:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6003:
6002:
5992:
5991:
5984:
5977:
5969:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5944:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5884:Livonian Order
5881:
5879:Teutonic Order
5869:
5867:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5835:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5774:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5726:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5708:
5706:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5683:
5682:
5675:
5668:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5608:
5607:External links
5605:
5603:
5602:
5588:
5575:
5569:
5556:
5550:
5534:
5528:
5512:
5506:
5490:
5484:
5471:
5461:Chisholm, Hugh
5447:
5438:
5432:
5413:
5407:
5391:
5378:
5372:
5356:
5350:
5337:
5331:
5318:
5312:
5292:
5286:
5273:
5267:
5254:
5248:
5235:
5229:
5216:
5204:
5198:
5182:
5176:
5158:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5116:
5104:
5044:
5013:
4994:
4974:
4944:
4914:
4897:Order of Malta
4884:
4854:
4824:
4807:Order of Malta
4794:
4777:Order of Malta
4764:
4734:
4704:
4685:
4678:
4660:
4634:
4627:
4609:
4582:
4559:
4542:Focus on Malta
4529:
4505:
4487:
4468:
4439:
4406:
4367:
4349:
4334:
4321:10.2307/286150
4315:(4): 429–453.
4294:
4275:(3): 323–340.
4254:
4247:
4229:
4194:
4170:
4140:
4121:
4101:
4090:on 5 July 2008
4068:
4014:
3992:
3961:
3954:
3946:Angels in Iron
3936:
3929:
3911:
3896:
3866:
3843:Diamond, Jim.
3832:
3802:
3779:
3772:
3748:
3718:
3714:Nicholson 2001
3703:
3686:
3655:
3636:
3616:
3609:
3591:
3555:
3546:
3511:
3507:Nicholson 2001
3499:
3487:
3485:, p. 339.
3475:
3473:, p. 192.
3463:
3446:
3444:, p. 444.
3434:
3412:
3400:
3398:, p. 186.
3388:
3371:
3359:
3347:
3343:Nicholson 2001
3332:
3294:
3276:
3251:
3234:
3230:Nicholson 2001
3222:
3210:
3203:
3185:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3129:
3106:
3078:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3050:Teutonic Order
3047:
3042:
3035:
3034:Related topics
3032:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3008:Kolossi Castle
3005:
3000:
2995:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2977:
2972:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2951:Main article:
2948:
2945:
2928:
2925:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2814:
2811:
2783:United Kingdom
2779:Queen Victoria
2773:, receiving a
2763:English Langue
2739:Main article:
2736:
2733:
2617:
2614:
2574:United Nations
2542:Main article:
2539:
2536:
2501:
2498:
2364:
2361:
2263:Order of Malta
2251:
2248:
2094:
2088:
1954:who, in 1561,
1952:Iacob Heraclid
1948:
1947:
1937:
1930:
1920:
1914:
1904:
1894:
1884:
1789:local nobility
1780:Public Library
1689:All Souls' Day
1626:
1623:
1619:Pope Adrian VI
1500:Pope Clement V
1484:city of Rhodes
1355:Main article:
1352:
1349:
1128:Raymond du Puy
1113:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1079:Raymond du Puy
1064:Blessed Gerard
1010:King Antiochus
1008:and the Greek
936:Pope Gregory I
910:
907:
905:
902:
846:in the 1660s.
788:Blessed Gerard
737:Kolossi Castle
726:military order
663:
660:
659:
646:
640:
639:
637:John T. Dunlap
634:
630:
629:
624:
617:
616:
612:
611:
609:
608:
606:
605:
602:
596:
591:
585:
579:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
545:Raid on Żejtun
542:
537:
531:
529:Action of 1595
526:
521:
515:
513:Action of 1570
510:
504:
498:
492:
487:
482:
477:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
445:
439:
433:
427:
422:
417:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
370:
364:
358:
353:
348:
342:
337:
331:
325:
320:
315:
309:
303:
297:
291:
286:
281:
275:
269:
264:
258:
252:
246:
240:
235:
228:
222:
221:
220:
218:
214:
213:
211:
210:
207:
203:
201:
197:
196:
194:
193:
188:
182:
180:
176:
175:
174:The "Religion"
172:
168:
167:
165:
164:
159:
154:
149:
143:
141:
135:
134:
132:military order
126:
122:
121:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
79:
66:
65:
63:
62:
53:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8261:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8231:
8229:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8178:
8177:
8170:
8165:
8164:
8161:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8069:
8065:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8015:
8013:
8011:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7996:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7972:Other regions
7970:
7963:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7913:Chastel Rouge
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7886:
7882:
7876:
7875:Bodrum Castle
7872:
7871:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7852:
7848:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7823:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7804:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7779:
7775:
7768:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7725:
7723:
7719:
7716:
7712:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7668:
7664:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7631:
7625:
7624:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7612:Fort Chambray
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7602:Fort Ricasoli
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7577:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7555:
7551:
7547:
7544:
7541:
7536:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7518:
7515:
7512:
7508:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7488:
7487:
7482:
7481:Palazzo Malta
7477:
7472:
7471:
7469:
7467:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7433:
7429:
7423:
7422:Postal system
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7392:Maltese cross
7390:
7389:
7387:
7383:
7375:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7364:
7358:
7354:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7330:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7321:
7317:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7237:
7233:
7221:
7217:
7213:
7209:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7176:
7171:
7169:
7164:
7162:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7130:
7127:
7123:
7119:
7117:
7113:
7109:
7107:
7103:
7099:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7077:
7073:
7069:
7067:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7049:
7039:
7038:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7029:
7025:
7019:
7018:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7009:
7005:
6998:
6994:
6991:
6988:
6984:
6981:
6978:
6974:
6971:
6968:
6964:
6961:
6958:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6943:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6923:
6918:
6914:
6911:
6908:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6893:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6879:
6878:Byblos Castle
6876:
6873:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6859:
6858:Beirut Castle
6856:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6843:
6839:
6836:
6833:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6817:
6810:
6806:
6803:
6800:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6780:
6776:
6773:
6770:
6766:
6765:Ajloun Castle
6763:
6762:
6760:
6758:
6754:
6747:
6742:
6738:
6735:
6731:
6726:
6723:
6719:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6702:
6697:
6694:
6690:
6684:
6680:
6677:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6660:
6657:
6653:
6647:
6643:
6640:
6636:
6631:
6629:
6624:
6620:
6614:
6613:Blanche Garde
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6593:
6588:
6585:
6582:
6578:
6575:
6572:
6566:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6540:
6536:
6533:
6530:
6526:
6523:
6520:
6514:
6508:
6504:
6501:
6498:
6492:
6487:
6484:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6465:
6459:
6455:
6452:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6423:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6405:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6369:
6364:
6361:
6357:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6346:Castle Arnold
6344:
6341:
6335:
6330:
6327:
6324:
6320:
6317:
6314:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6298:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6282:
6278:
6275:
6272:
6268:
6265:
6262:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6247:
6241:
6235:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6199:
6193:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6177:
6174:
6171:
6165:
6159:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6144:
6138:
6132:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6116:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6079:
6073:
6072:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6039:
6033:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6014:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5990:
5985:
5983:
5978:
5976:
5971:
5970:
5967:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5930:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5861:
5857:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5767:
5762:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5692:
5688:
5681:
5676:
5674:
5669:
5667:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5585:
5581:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5562:
5557:
5553:
5551:0-7139-9220-4
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5529:0-521-06162-8
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5485:85-312-0735-5
5481:
5477:
5472:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5439:
5435:
5433:0-670-86745-4
5429:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5414:
5410:
5408:1-84383-038-8
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5351:90-6550-954-2
5347:
5343:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5324:
5319:
5315:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5283:
5279:
5274:
5270:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5251:
5245:
5241:
5236:
5232:
5226:
5222:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5177:0-385-33601-2
5173:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5142:
5141:
5128:
5127:Burgtorf 2008
5123:
5121:
5113:
5112:Burgtorf 2008
5108:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5062:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5017:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4978:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4858:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4828:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4681:
4675:
4671:
4664:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4630:
4624:
4620:
4613:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4563:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4533:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4509:
4501:
4494:
4492:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4443:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4371:
4363:
4356:
4354:
4345:
4338:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4250:
4244:
4240:
4233:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4198:
4190:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4105:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4040:
4039:public domain
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3957:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3932:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3907:
3900:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3837:
3820:
3816:
3815:www.kmfap.net
3812:
3806:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3783:
3775:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3752:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3716:, p. 54.
3715:
3710:
3708:
3699:
3698:
3690:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3606:
3602:
3595:
3587:
3581:
3573:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3550:
3531:
3524:
3523:
3515:
3509:, p. 21.
3508:
3503:
3496:
3491:
3484:
3483:Runciman 1951
3479:
3472:
3467:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3443:
3438:
3422:
3416:
3410:, p. 17.
3409:
3404:
3397:
3392:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3368:
3363:
3356:
3351:
3344:
3339:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3315:public domain
3305:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3231:
3226:
3219:
3214:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3150:
3133:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2954:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:United States
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2775:royal charter
2772:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2682:Herrenmeister
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2633:
2632:Herrenmeister
2630:
2626:
2622:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2467:Pope Leo XIII
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2385:Mediterranean
2378:
2374:
2369:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:revolutionary
2299:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2133:
2132:Malta Channel
2128:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2057:Queen's House
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1853:on a platter.
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1679:in perpetual
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1559:, one of the
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:Halicarnassus
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1387:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:Grand Master
1363:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1156:Maltese cross
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1026:First Crusade
1022:
1019:
1018:Saint Stephen
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
928:
927:
921:
916:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
816:Siege of Acre
813:
807:
805:
801:
797:
796:First Crusade
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
774:dedicated to
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
751:(1799–1801).
750:
746:
743:(1310–1522),
742:
738:
734:
731:
727:
724:
718:
682:
678:
674:
670:
664:Military unit
658:
654:
650:
647:
641:
638:
635:
631:
628:
625:
623:
618:
613:
603:
600:
597:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
546:
543:
541:
538:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
519:
516:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
454:
451:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
346:
345:Fall of Arsuf
343:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
230:
229:
227:
226:
219:
215:
209:Red and white
208:
205:
204:
202:
198:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
144:
142:
140:
136:
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
99:
95:
90:
86:
82:
77:
72:
67:
59:
54:
51:
50:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
8199:
8174:
7962:
7931:
7868:
7822:
7803:
7789:
7767:
7733:
7700:St Catherine
7621:
7576:Fort St Elmo
7554:
7484:
7446:commanderies
7431:
7359:
7278:Associations
7274:Commanderies
7246:Grand Master
7239:Organisation
7085:
7054:Associations
7035:
7015:
6948:Mseilha Fort
6898:Dubay Castle
6775:Kerak Castle
6740:
6711:
6682:
6662:
6645:
6627:
6612:
6609:Tell es-Safi
6558:
6538:
6528:
6506:
6479:
6457:
6448:Château Neuf
6447:
6432:
6403:
6255:
6234:Beth Gibelin
6233:
6218:
6157:
6130:
6108:
6093:
6069:
6049:
6029:
6012:
5917:Dobrzyń Land
5837:
5833:Stato da Màr
5579:
5560:
5541:
5519:
5497:
5476:The Templars
5475:
5464:
5442:
5418:
5398:
5386:
5382:
5363:
5341:
5322:
5303:
5277:
5258:
5239:
5220:
5211:
5189:
5166:
5149:
5107:
5097:18 September
5095:. Retrieved
5067:
5035:. Retrieved
5031:the original
5026:
5016:
5004:. Retrieved
4984:
4977:
4965:. Retrieved
4956:
4947:
4935:. Retrieved
4926:
4917:
4905:. Retrieved
4896:
4887:
4875:. Retrieved
4866:
4857:
4845:. Retrieved
4836:
4827:
4815:. Retrieved
4806:
4797:
4785:. Retrieved
4776:
4767:
4755:. Retrieved
4746:
4737:
4725:. Retrieved
4716:
4707:
4698:the original
4688:
4669:
4663:
4653:12 September
4651:. Retrieved
4637:
4618:
4612:
4600:. Retrieved
4596:the original
4585:
4577:the original
4572:
4562:
4550:. Retrieved
4541:
4532:
4518:
4508:
4499:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4459:. Retrieved
4449:
4442:
4430:. Retrieved
4426:the original
4421:
4397:. Retrieved
4380:
4370:
4361:
4343:
4337:
4312:
4308:
4272:
4268:
4238:
4232:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4188:
4163:14 September
4161:. Retrieved
4152:
4143:
4131:. Retrieved
4111:
4104:
4092:. Retrieved
4088:the original
4083:
4059:. Retrieved
4045:
4008:
4004:
3995:
3983:. Retrieved
3979:the original
3974:
3964:
3945:
3939:
3920:
3914:
3905:
3899:
3887:. Retrieved
3883:the original
3878:
3869:
3857:. Retrieved
3848:
3823:. Retrieved
3814:
3805:
3788:
3782:
3758:
3751:
3739:. Retrieved
3735:the original
3731:Bodrum Guide
3730:
3721:
3696:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3668:
3658:
3646:. Retrieved
3626:
3619:
3600:
3594:
3571:
3549:
3537:. Retrieved
3521:
3514:
3502:
3490:
3478:
3466:
3437:
3425:. Retrieved
3415:
3408:Berthod 2010
3403:
3391:
3362:
3350:
3345:, p. 5.
3324:
3288:
3279:
3271:the original
3266:
3225:
3213:
3194:
3188:
3176:. Retrieved
3170:(1): 2, 11.
3167:
3163:
3153:
3132:
3122:
3109:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3064:
2941:
2937:hospitalarii
2936:
2932:
2930:
2890:
2884:
2880:
2877:Grand Master
2876:
2874:
2871:Headquarters
2853:
2849:
2837:World War II
2834:
2822:
2767:
2753:through the
2744:
2714:
2690:
2681:
2658:commanderies
2651:
2631:
2607:
2586:
2563:
2547:
2509:
2482:
2471:
2463:
2432:
2431:rather than
2428:
2413:
2409:
2397:Grand Master
2382:
2358:
2353:
2345:
2321:Saint Martin
2300:and the pre-
2295:
2290:
2268:
2259:Emperor Paul
2239:privateering
2233:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2205:
2186:
2181:
2172:
2149:
2137:
2102:
2090:
2079:
2067:
2065:
2045:Matteo Pérez
2036:
2007:
1999:
1992:Grand Master
1976:
1949:
1944:
1927:
1924:St Catherine
1918:Saint George
1911:
1901:
1891:
1881:
1871:
1795:
1793:
1777:
1775:and others.
1751:
1749:
1742:
1718:Superbissima
1717:
1711:
1704:
1662:
1596:
1565:
1528:
1526:
1511:
1496:Kastellorizo
1473:
1431:
1400:
1374:
1337:Lower Danube
1335:between the
1316:
1314:
1291:
1287:commanderies
1260:
1253:
1242:
1219:
1203:
1160:
1144:coat of arms
1126:
1090:early 1140s
1088:
1072:
1057:
1023:
964:
933:
924:
875:
853:, when rich
848:
828:vassal state
808:
753:
680:
668:
666:
622:Grand Master
139:Headquarters
81:Coat of arms
43:
7959:Mount Tabor
7705:St Lawrence
7607:Fort Manoel
7320:Auxiliaries
6712:La Sephorie
6659:Tel Yokneam
6628:Torin Selin
6604:Tel Hanaton
6476:Migdal Afek
6252:Beit She'an
6230:Bayt Jibrin
5296:Forey, Alan
5162:Ball, David
5152:. Madison:
4923:"Home Page"
4877:13 November
4602:24 December
4461:27 November
4399:12 December
4383:(174): 46.
4133:27 November
3741:27 November
3648:27 November
3178:27 December
2913:turcopolier
2829:Tsar Paul I
2654:Reformation
2652:During the
2333:Saint Croix
2313:Saint Kitts
2305:French Navy
2271:Reformation
2201: 1680
2169:Elizabeth I
2152:Reformation
2091:Reconquista
2068:Reichsfürst
2019:Piali Pasha
1693:Heitersheim
1513:Ad providam
1508:papal bulls
1269:, were the
1175:Bethgibelin
1138:. In 1130,
952:Charlemagne
834:viceroy of
794:during the
217:Engagements
171:Nickname(s)
8228:Categories
7739:Angleterre
7695:St Barbara
7617:Fort Tigné
7582:Cittadella
7270:Bailiwicks
7251:Governance
6805:Vaux Moise
6725:Umm Khalid
6539:Beauverium
6215:Bayt 'Itab
5598:1058540900
5037:12 October
4967:12 October
4552:12 October
4432:12 October
4210:(2): 106.
4094:12 October
3985:29 October
3889:12 October
3859:12 October
3679:30 October
3289:erenow.org
3145:References
3076:, in 1822.
2789:, and the
2759:suppressed
2751:Henry VIII
2704:, and the
2634:since 1999
2530:, and the
2452:, showing
2444:View from
2161:Henry VIII
2111:-endorsed
2097:See also:
2093:of the sea
1886:Auvergne:
1876:Provence:
1784:University
1773:Caravaggio
1533:Andronicus
1413:and, when
1310:Kilmainham
1283:bailiwicks
1055:papal bull
944:a hospital
913:See also:
896:, and the
863:ecumenical
830:under the
800:recognized
766:founded a
645:commanders
615:Commanders
107:Allegiance
7937:Gibelacar
7903:Abu Ghosh
7885:Holy Land
7786:Allemagne
7730:Allemagne
7436:including
7412:Passports
7357:Air Force
7220:Jerusalem
6903:Gibelacar
6708:Sepphoris
6503:Qalansawe
6363:Jerusalem
6351:Ein Hemed
6219:Bethaatap
6094:Fontenoid
6090:Abu Ghosh
5084:0010-003X
4907:15 August
4847:31 August
4817:15 August
4787:15 August
4727:31 August
4289:145141602
4224:145115837
3580:cite book
3115:plot hook
3103:Ioannites
2901:preceptor
2897:seneschal
2866:Hierarchy
2803:Jerusalem
2698:Commander
2666:converted
2656:, German
2590:passports
2348:feudalism
2337:Caribbean
2244:North Sea
2105:Holy Land
2076:cardinals
2061:Greenwich
1997:refused.
1939:Germany:
1932:England:
1882:Jerusalem
1706:Reichstag
1647:Charles V
1488:Anatolian
1341:Olt River
1254:In 1248,
1083:infirmary
1068:Martigues
1043:Palestine
966:Merchants
948:Jerusalem
940:Ravennate
861:; modern
840:Caribbean
824:sovereign
812:Holy Land
806:in 1113.
784:Holy Land
772:Jerusalem
147:Jerusalem
8010:Crusades
7999:Military
7870:Anatolia
7833:Provence
7814:Castille
7800:Auvergne
7778:Valletta
7714:Auberges
7667:Churches
7572:Valletta
7489:) (1869)
7451:premises
7417:Currency
7205:Catholic
6938:Moinetre
6868:Belhacem
6785:Montreal
6696:Tiberias
6587:Tel Afek
6507:Calanson
6486:Montfort
6329:Destroit
6304:Cafarlet
5996:Crusader
5952:Crusades
5830:Venetian
5632:Archived
5540:(2006).
5518:(1951).
5496:(2012).
5453:(1911).
5397:(2001).
5362:(2007).
5210:(1972).
5188:(2010).
5167:Ironfire
5164:(2004).
5088:Archived
5000:Archived
4961:Archived
4931:Archived
4901:Archived
4871:Archived
4841:Archived
4811:Archived
4781:Archived
4751:Archived
4721:Archived
4717:BBC News
4647:Archived
4546:Archived
4516:(1858).
4455:Archived
4393:Archived
4157:Archived
4127:Archived
4055:Archived
3853:Archived
3825:30 March
3819:Archived
3673:Archived
3642:Archived
3530:Archived
3172:Archived
3013:Mailberg
2958:See also
2594:currency
2446:Valletta
2429:de facto
2391:in 1798
2389:Napoleon
2377:Valletta
2279:Lutheran
2053:modellos
1968:Ottomans
1960:Moldavia
1941:Epiphany
1916:Aragon:
1820:Provence
1796:auberges
1737:Valletta
1714:Valletta
1649:in 1530.
1490:port of
1465:Provence
1441:Auvergne
1339:and the
1304:and the
1279:priories
1189:and the
1136:sergeant
1051:Holy See
1006:Menelaus
934:In 603,
867:Napoleon
780:pilgrims
768:hospital
730:crusader
723:Catholic
721:), is a
274:(1187-9)
251:(1163–9)
233:Crusades
162:Valletta
129:Catholic
89:Crusades
83:and the
8173:Extant
8068:Battles
8001:history
7979:Tripoli
7928:Coliath
7809:Bavière
7634:Palaces
7546:Senglea
7542:(2001))
7486:capital
7457:battles
7432:History
7283:Langues
7192:topics
6913:Coliath
6838:Batroun
6820:Lebanon
6795:Tafilah
6663:Caymont
6646:Belmont
6480:Mirabel
6454:Mi'ilya
6277:Burgata
6256:Bethsan
6176:Ascalon
5865:Livonia
5860:Prussia
5717:vassals
5463:(ed.).
5280:. BDL.
5261:. BDL.
5072:Burnham
5006:12 June
4937:17 June
4757:10 July
3427:14 June
3317::
3101:or the
2917:admiral
2893:convent
2885:Marshal
2845:Podolia
2747:England
2700:of the
2572:at the
2478:Gotland
2474:Swedish
2434:de jure
2307:. When
2277:became
2265:(1799).
2227:spoglio
2134:in 1652
2109:Ottoman
1984:Senglea
1922:Italy:
1867:bombard
1865:, on a
1841:A 1742
1816:Bavaria
1745:Maltese
1681:fiefdom
1677:Tripoli
1643:Tripoli
1578:Sultan
1576:Ottoman
1518:bailiff
1432:langues
1171:Ascalon
1167:castles
1100:title.
976:Caliph
958:caliph
956:Fatimid
904:History
832:Spanish
782:to the
643:Notable
8194:UNESCO
7954:Margat
7851:Rhodes
7828:Italie
7819:France
7795:Aragon
7764:Italie
7759:France
7744:Aragon
7623:others
7502:(1869)
7402:Anthem
7229:
7187:
7063:
7028:Turkey
6953:Nephin
6757:Jordan
6683:Ibelin
6559:Saphet
6535:Qastal
6429:Latrun
6404:Caypha
6105:Achziv
6082:Israel
6062:Greece
6022:Cyprus
5770:Greece
5734:Marash
5704:Levant
5596:
5586:
5567:
5548:
5526:
5504:
5482:
5430:
5405:
5370:
5348:
5329:
5310:
5284:
5265:
5246:
5227:
5196:
5174:
5082:
5076:Slough
4992:
4676:
4625:
4329:286150
4327:
4287:
4245:
4222:
4119:
4061:29 May
4041::
3952:
3927:
3770:
3634:
3607:
3539:17 May
3201:
3097:, the
3093:, the
3089:, the
2933:frater
2909:draper
2785:, the
2646:, and
2598:stamps
2518:: the
2493:kosher
2416:Paul I
2405:Nelson
2383:Their
2323:, and
2220:Spain.
2173:langue
2141:Venice
2121:Levant
2015:Dragut
1902:France
1812:Aragon
1611:Sicily
1549:Bodrum
1537:Smyrna
1482:, the
1453:France
1427:Rhodes
1327:was a
1275:Margat
1228:, the
1132:knight
970:Amalfi
892:, the
888:, the
884:, the
844:France
836:Sicily
764:Amalfi
741:Rhodes
620:First
601:(1798)
590:(1717)
584:(1668)
578:(1664)
547:(1614)
536:(1605)
520:(1571)
509:(1565)
503:(1561)
497:(1560)
476:(1538)
455:(1462)
444:(1402)
438:(1396)
432:(1389)
416:(1344)
375:(1282)
369:(1281)
363:(1271)
347:(1265)
336:(1233)
330:(1228)
314:(1217)
308:(1217)
302:(1212)
296:(1191)
280:(1188)
263:(1187)
257:(1187)
245:(1153)
200:Colors
179:Patron
152:Rhodes
97:Active
7722:Birgu
7560:Mdina
7529:Birgu
7511:Malta
7441:sites
7438:major
7008:Syria
6993:Toron
6741:Judin
6679:Yavne
6577:Taibe
6555:Safed
6525:Qaqun
6444:Hunin
6433:Toron
6417:Jaffa
6400:Haifa
6210:Yazur
6192:siege
6158:Arsur
6042:Egypt
5999:sites
5459:. In
5091:(PDF)
5064:(PDF)
4325:JSTOR
4285:S2CID
4220:S2CID
4009:XVIII
3533:(PDF)
3526:(PDF)
3056:Notes
2927:Ranks
2905:prior
2807:Malta
2777:from
2450:Malta
2234:corso
2145:Genoa
1980:Birgu
1822:(now
1808:Italy
1800:Birgu
1635:Malta
1607:siege
1469:Prior
1461:Italy
1329:march
1183:Syria
1179:Jaffa
1161:King
1119:Syria
968:from
745:Malta
673:Latin
157:Birgu
8109:1522
8104:1480
8099:1444
7898:Arqa
7466:Rome
7455:and
7367:Navy
7210:and
7037:More
7017:More
6828:Arqa
6642:Suba
6545:Qula
6529:Caco
6127:Acre
6071:More
6051:More
6031:More
5863:and
5594:OCLC
5584:ISBN
5565:ISBN
5546:ISBN
5524:ISBN
5502:ISBN
5480:ISBN
5428:ISBN
5403:ISBN
5368:ISBN
5346:ISBN
5327:ISBN
5308:ISBN
5282:ISBN
5263:ISBN
5244:ISBN
5225:ISBN
5194:ISBN
5172:ISBN
5099:2020
5080:ISSN
5039:2008
5008:2018
4990:ISBN
4969:2008
4939:2016
4909:2022
4879:2014
4849:2022
4819:2022
4789:2022
4759:2007
4729:2022
4674:ISBN
4655:2016
4623:ISBN
4604:2017
4554:2008
4463:2018
4434:2008
4401:2019
4243:ISBN
4165:2007
4135:2018
4117:ISBN
4096:2008
4063:2006
3987:2014
3950:ISBN
3925:ISBN
3891:2008
3861:2008
3827:2019
3768:ISBN
3743:2018
3681:2017
3650:2018
3632:ISBN
3605:ISBN
3586:link
3541:2023
3429:2024
3199:ISBN
3180:2022
2154:and
2143:and
1982:and
1847:head
1843:Tarì
1673:Gozo
1657:and
1641:and
1639:Gozo
1463:and
1415:Acre
1296:and
1273:and
1134:and
667:The
231:The
223:List
125:Type
119:Pope
8058:9th
8053:8th
8048:7th
8043:6th
8038:5th
8033:4th
8028:3rd
8023:2nd
8018:1st
7214:of
5424:196
4524:457
4385:doi
4317:doi
4277:doi
4212:doi
3793:doi
3764:176
3117:in
2801:in
2745:In
2668:to
2059:at
1958:in
1849:of
1735:in
1066:de
946:in
869:'s
770:in
116:The
8230::
8192:,
7873::
7350::
7276:,
7272:,
7268:,
7222:,
6743:)
6714:)
6685:)
6665:)
6648:)
6615:)
6561:)
6509:)
6460:)
6435:)
6406:)
6258:)
6236:)
6221:)
6194:)
6160:)
6133:)
6111:)
6096:)
6015:()
5875:*
5592:.
5426:.
5385:.
5298:;
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