218:
moderate gains, and not excessive, reasonably to be required according to the distance of the place from whence the said victuals be carried; and if any sell such victuals in any other manner, and thereof be convict in the manner and form aforesaid, he shall pay the double of the same that he so received, to the party damnified, or, in default of him, to any other that will pursue in this behalf: and the mayors and bailiffs of cities, boroughs, merchant-towns, and others, and of the ports and places of the sea, shall have power to inquire of all and singular which shall in any thing offend the same, and to levy the said pain to the use of them at whose suit such offenders shall be convict; and in case that the same mayors or bailiffs be negligent in doing execution of the premises, and thereof be convict before our justices, by us to be assigned, then the same mayors and bailiffs shall be compelled by the same justices to pay the treble of the thing so sold to the party damnified, or to any other in default of him that will pursue; and nevertheless toward us they shall be grievously punished.
188:
and not serving any other, if he in convenient service, his estate considered, be required to serve, he shall be bounden to serve him which so shall him require; and take only the wages, livery, meed, or salary, which were accustomed to be given in the places where he oweth to serve, the twentieth year of our reign of
England, or five or six other commone years next before. Provided always, that the lords be preferred before other in their bondmen or their land tenants, so in their service to be retained; so that nevertheless the said lords shall retain no more than be necessary for them; and if any such man or woman, being so required to serve, will not the same do, that proved by two true men before the sheriff or the constables of the town where the same shall happen to be done, he shall anon be taken by them or any of them, and committed to the next gaol, there to remain under strait keeping, till he find surety to serve in the form aforesaid.
45:
151:
period of labour shortage. "The population losses from the plague caused wages to soar to levels that often exceeded those of the early 20th century", peasants and laborers who had previously been tied to the land were suddenly able to demand higher wages and greater freedom. Employers were then forced to compete for their labor or risk having a shortage of labor available to them. This shift in the value of labor was a key factor in the social and economic changes that occurred in
Britain in the centuries that followed.
487:
246:
radically altered the social structure of
English society. The sudden loss of life gave more power to the laboring classes. This also helped weaken the landed elites that had to give up power in order to stay relevant both in society and in the economy. Another thing that changed due to this imbalance of power was an increase in worker negotiating power in the British economy. This slowly led to a gradual increase in workers rights.
206:
servants in the form aforesaid; and if any before this present ordinance hath covenanted with any so to serve for more wages, he shall not be bound by reason of the same covenant, to pay more than at any other time was wont to be paid to such person; nor upon the said pain shall presume any more to pay.
193:
Item, if any reaper, mower, or other workman or servant, of what estate or condition that he be, retained in any man's service, do depart from the said service without reasonable cause or license, before the term agreed, he shall have pain of imprisonment. And that none under the same pain presume to
116:
Because a great part of the people, and especially of workmen and servants late died of the pestilence, many seeing the necessity of masters, and great scarcity of servants, will not serve unless they may receive excessive wages, and some rather willing to beg in idleness, than by labour to get their
224:
Item, because that many valiant beggars, as long as they may live of begging, do refuse to labour, giving themselves to idleness and vice, and sometime to theft and other abominations; none upon the said pain of imprisonment shall, under the colour of pity or alms, give any thing to such, which may
199:
Item, that no man pay, or promise to pay, any servant any more wages, liveries, meed, or salary than was wont, as afore is said; nor that any in other manner shall demand or receive the same, upon pain of doubling of that, that so shall be paid, promised, required, or received, to him which thereof
245:
of 1351, workers continued to command higher wages and the majority of
England (those in the labouring class) enjoyed a century of relative prosperity before the ratio of labour to land restored the pre-plague levels of wages and prices. While the economic situation eventually reverted, the plague
227:
We command you, firmly enjoining, that all and singular the premises in the cities, boroughs, market towns, seaports, and other places in your bailiwick, where you shall think expedient, as well within liberties as without, you do cause to be publicly proclaimed, and to be observed and duly put in
187:
That every man and woman of our realm of
England, of what condition he be, free or bond, able in body, and within the age of threescore years, not living in merchandise, nor exercising any craft, nor having of his own whereof he may live, nor proper land, about whose tillage he may himself occupy,
211:
Item, that saddlers, skinners, white-tawers, cordwainers, tailors, smiths, carpenters, masons, tilers, , carters, and all other artificers and workmen, shall not take for their labour and workmanship above the same that was wont to be paid to such persons the said twentieth year, and other common
150:
commented on post-plague labourers: "they are sluggish, they are scarce, and they are grasping. For the very little they do they demand the highest pay." On the other hand, while some workers suffered from increasing prices, others benefited from the higher wages they could command during this
217:
Item, that butchers, fishmongers, hostelers, breweres, bakers, puters, and all other sellers of all manner of victual, shall be bound to sell the same victual for a reasonable price, having respect to the price that such victual be sold at in the places adjoining, so that the same sellers have
205:
Item, if the lords of the towns or manors presume in any point to come against this present ordinance either by them, or by their servants, then pursuit shall be made against them in the counties, wapentakes, tithings, or such other courts, for the treble pain paid or promised by them or their
117:
living; we, considering the grievous incommodities, which of the lack especially of ploughmen and such labourers may hereafter come, have upon deliberation and treaty with the prelates and the nobles, and learned men assisting us, of their counsel ordained:
3012:
200:
shall feel himself grieved, pursuing for the same; and if none such will pursue, then the same to be applied to any of the people that will pursue; and such pursuit shall be in the court of the lord of the place where such case shall happen.
389:...the Augustinian clergyman Henry Knighton complained. "If anyone wanted to hire them he had to submit to their demands, for either his fruit and standing corn would be lost or he had to pander to the arrogance and greed of the workers."
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743:
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years next before, as afore is said, in the place where they shall happen to work; and if any man take more, he shall be committed to the next gaol, in manner as afore is said.
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across the economy as goods became more expensive to produce. The wealthy elites suffered under the sudden economic shift. Difficulties in hiring labour created frustration.
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142:
Landowners had to face the choice of raising wages to compete for workers or letting their lands go unused. Wages for labourers rose and translated into
136:
3100:
3065:
1814:
306:
3137:
3093:
135:. During this outbreak, an estimated 30−40% of the population died. The decline in population left surviving workers in great demand in the
3040:
730:
3151:
3076:
1506:
601:
3242:
3081:
225:
labour, or presume to favour them toward their desires, so that thereby they may be compelled to labour for their necessary living.
844:
791:
254:
80:
687:
57:
17:
3181:
404:
3212:
3088:
667:
182:
No one, under the pain of imprisonment, was to give any thing to able-bodied beggars 'under the colour of pity or alms'.
3232:
3035:
1834:
801:
440:
111:; required all those under the age of 60 to work; prohibited the enticing away of another's servants; and other terms.
806:
657:
786:
3237:
3217:
3060:
780:
715:
505:
373:
3222:
3164:
811:
250:
3118:
837:
763:
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627:
476:
622:
540:
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920:
753:
748:
3159:
853:
710:
652:
104:
3202:
1522:
867:
3227:
830:
738:
486:
2977:
1381:
705:
433:
409:
132:
3207:
2997:
1806:
238:
155:
49:
3003:
2988:
872:
550:
535:
525:
520:
515:
242:
8:
3072:
1408:
695:
586:
545:
2983:
677:
647:
466:
413:
354:
176:
Employers may not pay and workers may not receive wages higher than pre-plague levels.
3026:
1292:
887:
461:
426:
346:
3174:
3129:
3110:
632:
596:
338:
405:
Complete text of the
Ordinance of Labourers, 1349, from Sources of British History
3169:
796:
510:
471:
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147:
131:
The ordinance was issued in response to the 1348−1350 outbreak of the
637:
555:
143:
100:
62:
327:"Microbes and Markets: Was the Black Death an Economic Revolution?"
822:
276:. Rothstein, Liebman. Sixth Edition, Foundation Press. p. 20.
237:
The ordinance has largely been seen as ineffective. Despite the
75:
179:
Food must be priced reasonably with no excess profit.
3127:
448:
312:, Cardiff University. Retrieved on April 11, 2009.
166:The ordinance required several things, including:
410:Complete text of the Ordinance of Labourers, 1349
3194:
307:What was the Economy Like After the Black Death?
241:'s attempt to reinforce the ordinance with the
1841:Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
838:
434:
194:receive or to retain any such in his service.
3041:Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919
107:. Specifically, it fixed wages and imposed
3077:Measures of the National Assembly for Wales
3101:Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland
845:
831:
602:Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor
441:
427:
320:
318:
294:. New York: Barnes & Noble. pp. 32–46.
267:
286:
284:
282:
103:) is often considered to be the start of
1839:Great Britain and Ireland and the United
371:
792:Timeline of the English Poor Law system
315:
255:Statute Law (Ireland) Revision Act 1872
232:
173:Employers must not hire excess workers.
81:Statute Law Revision (Ireland) Act 1872
14:
3195:
302:
300:
279:
3089:Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly
826:
422:
324:
27:English price and wage control decree
3160:United Kingdom statutory instruments
297:
274:Employment Law: Cases and Materials
24:
852:
802:List of poor law unions in England
25:
3254:
398:
372:Scheidel, Walter (9 April 2020).
3243:Regulation in the United Kingdom
807:List of poor law unions in Wales
658:Outdoor Relief Prohibitory Order
485:
374:"Why the wealthy fear pandemics"
331:Journal of Demographic Economics
43:
3061:Acts of the Scottish Parliament
787:Historiography of the Poor Laws
290:Cartwright, Frederick F. 1991.
137:agricultural economy of Britain
3165:Scottish statutory instruments
781:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
716:Huddersfield workhouse scandal
506:Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494
449:Poor laws of the British Isles
365:
13:
1:
3182:Church of England instruments
861:Pre-parliamentary legislation
812:List of Irish poor law unions
260:
251:Statute Law Revision Act 1863
249:It was later repealed by the
126:
892:the Kingdom of Great Britain
764:National Assistance Act 1948
628:Poor Law (Scotland) Act 1845
170:Everyone under 60 must work.
7:
3213:Economy of medieval England
623:Poor Law Amendment Act 1834
541:Relief of the Poor Act 1782
531:Relief of the Poor Act 1696
154:The law was issued by King
97:Ordinance of Labourers 1349
10:
3259:
744:Royal Commission (1905–09)
161:
32:United Kingdom legislation
3233:United Kingdom labour law
3150:
3109:
3049:
3025:
1833:
1804:
1520:Acts of Parliament of the
1519:
1499:
898:
886:
860:
772:
729:
711:Andover workhouse scandal
686:
653:Outdoor Labour Test Order
610:
574:
498:
483:
454:
86:
74:
69:
56:
42:
37:
1837:of the United Kingdom of
1523:Kingdom of Great Britain
868:List of English statutes
1306:Interregnum (1642–1660)
739:Liberal welfare reforms
721:Union Chargeability Act
618:Royal commission (1832)
325:Clark, Gregory (2016).
1500:Parliament of Scotland
706:Local Government Board
455:Poor laws by territory
310:The Plague and England
230:
220:
214:
208:
202:
196:
190:
133:Black Death in England
124:
18:Ordinance of Labourers
3238:Edward III of England
3218:History of labour law
3152:Secondary legislation
1807:Parliament of Ireland
899:Parliament of England
731:Decline and abolition
221:
215:
209:
203:
197:
191:
185:
156:Edward III of England
113:
50:Parliament of England
3223:Medieval English law
3073:Acts of Senedd Cymru
3004:European Communities
873:Charter of Liberties
551:Overseer of the poor
536:Poor Relief Act 1722
526:Poor Relief Act 1662
521:Poor Relief Act 1601
516:Poor Relief Act 1597
243:Statute of Labourers
233:Aftermath and repeal
228:execution aforesaid.
2978:Halsbury's Statutes
890:of states preceding
888:Acts of parliaments
696:Poor Law Commission
546:House of correction
292:Disease and History
2984:Legislation.gov.uk
1835:Acts of Parliament
688:Changes after 1834
678:Scottish poorhouse
648:Board of guardians
492:Nantwich workhouse
414:Fordham University
343:10.1017/dem.2016.6
239:English parliament
105:English labour law
3190:
3189:
3175:Acts of Adjournal
3146:
3145:
3138:1972–2009/2015–16
3111:Orders in Council
3027:Church of England
3021:
3020:
1515:
1514:
1382:Habeas Corpus Act
1293:Petition of Right
820:
819:
493:
462:England and Wales
158:on 18 June 1349.
93:
92:
70:Other legislation
38:Act of Parliament
16:(Redirected from
3250:
3170:Acts of Sederunt
3130:Northern Ireland
3125:
3124:
2998:relating to the
2995:
2994:
896:
895:
847:
840:
833:
824:
823:
759:Interwar poverty
633:Less eligibility
491:
489:
443:
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429:
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419:
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386:
384:
369:
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122:
121:— Preamble
88:Status: Repealed
47:
46:
35:
34:
21:
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3248:
3247:
3203:1349 in England
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3123:
3105:
3050:Legislation of
3045:
3017:
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2973:
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2342:
1840:
1838:
1829:
1800:
1521:
1511:
1495:
891:
882:
856:
851:
821:
816:
797:Poor Relief Act
768:
754:Minority Report
749:Majority Report
725:
682:
663:Poor law unions
606:
570:
511:Tudor poor laws
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28:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
3256:
3246:
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3228:Price controls
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3000:European Union
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3208:1340s in law
3119:1994 to date
3054:institutions
3013:1972 to date
2989:Short titles
2976:
1805:Acts of the
1304:
921:
779:
611:New Poor Law
587:Speenhamland
566:Buttock mail
499:Old Poor Law
388:
381:. Retrieved
377:
367:
334:
330:
309:
291:
273:
269:
248:
236:
223:
165:
153:
141:
130:
115:
96:
94:
29:
878:Magna Carta
592:Labour Rate
561:Poor relief
477:Isle of Man
76:Repealed by
3197:Categories
3002:(formerly
668:Opposition
261:References
148:John Gower
127:Background
1825:1751–1800
1820:1701–1750
1616:1760–1764
1611:1755–1759
1606:1750–1754
1601:1745–1749
1596:1740–1744
1591:1735–1739
1586:1730–1734
1581:1725–1729
1576:1720–1724
1571:1715–1719
948:1422–1460
943:1413–1421
938:1399–1411
933:1377–1397
928:1327–1376
916:1308–1325
911:1275–1307
906:1225–1267
638:Workhouse
597:Roundsman
556:Poor rate
351:2054-0892
144:inflation
101:23 Edw. 3
63:23 Edw. 3
3052:devolved
3029:measures
467:Scotland
383:10 April
359:26422388
253:and the
58:Citation
1815:to 1700
1507:to 1707
472:Ireland
412:, from
162:The law
65:cc. 1–8
357:
349:
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3075:and
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2969:2024
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2954:2021
2949:2020
2944:2019
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2929:2016
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2018:1835
2013:1834
2008:1833
2003:1832
1998:1831
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1988:1829
1983:1828
1978:1827
1973:1826
1968:1825
1963:1824
1958:1823
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1933:1818
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1918:1815
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385:2020
347:ISSN
95:The
339:doi
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