324:; for tank use the rounds had to be modified so they were 'fixed' rather than separate projectile and propellant. The tank howitzer version was also fitted with a large counterweight at the end of the barrel to help balance the gun. In most regiments, the 95 mm-armed tanks were issued to regimental or squadron HQ troops at the rate of two vehicles per HQ. The only variant of the Centaur tank (a Cromwell tank with a less powerful engine) to see action was the 95 mm-armed Mark IV. For the Normandy landings, the
367:, may have influenced the decision to refuse the gun since they were lighter, less expensive, portable and fulfilled the direct fire use of the infantry howitzer. There was also the question of who would operate the gun; the infantry already had to support and transport anti-tank guns, anti-aircraft guns, mortars and heavy machine guns. Gun crews would need to be trained and provided with services, such as transport, supply and communications.
33:
350:
for an infantry howitzer for direct fire against concrete structures, like pillboxes. The 95 mm tank howitzer already under development was considered to be a logical starting point for the design of the new howitzer. The infantry howitzer version was similar to the tank howitzer, except that it
354:
Testing in 1943 showed that the recoil system and the carriage were over stressed and redesign was needed, which delayed testing and introduction of the infantry howitzer until 1944. The problems with the recoil mechanism and carriage were never fully corrected and the weapon was refused by the
355:
infantry and declared obsolete in April 1945 after several hundred examples were produced. The decision to reject the infantry howitzer may not have been based entirely on the deficiencies of the gun but due to obsolescence and organisational difficulties. The introduction of the
292:
round may have been issued after World War II. The 95 mm howitzer used fixed ammunition with a 25 lb (11 kg) projectile, rather than separate charge and round common for artillery howitzers. The tank howitzer was used to arm the
1093:
653:
680:
187:
975:
1088:
153:
418:
1026:
860:
325:
1062:
673:
637:
432:
281:
1103:
960:
1001:
340:
was a version built as a conventional towed artillery piece. Perhaps in response to the success of the German
302:
891:
321:
980:
825:
802:
666:
1067:
1057:
1031:
1021:
1016:
1006:
730:
740:
1011:
442:
289:
1036:
840:
1098:
1052:
996:
689:
658:
197:
955:
835:
797:
792:
771:
735:
364:
351:
lacked the barrel counterweight and was placed on a box-trail carriage and given a gun shield.
313:
204:
940:
766:
761:
720:
710:
412:
317:
255:. The tank howitzer version was accepted for service use, but the infantry version was not.
865:
855:
845:
807:
8:
970:
919:
870:
309:
285:
161:
148:
830:
725:
715:
633:
965:
914:
360:
277:
252:
909:
901:
850:
787:
224:
294:
1082:
950:
945:
886:
479:
298:
696:
347:
214:
83:
599:
132:
935:
692:
436:
248:
688:
426:
356:
172:
422:
342:
182:
32:
632:. New Vanguard 272. illustrated by Henry Morshead. Osprey.
594:
273:
346:, a proposal was circulated in the summer of 1942 by the
429:
propellant, No. 119B fuze (direct action and graze type)
328:
was formed with an establishment of eighty Mark IVs.
316:field gun/howitzer and the recoil mechanism of the
284:/Hollow Charge shell against concrete targets like
615:Land Power A Modern Illustrated Military History.
1080:
591:Churchill tank Vehicle History and specification
565:Land Power A Modern Illustrated Military History
543:Land Power A Modern Illustrated Military History
532:Land Power A Modern Illustrated Military History
272:was designed to be fitted to some later British
403:Muzzle velocity: 330 m/s (1,100 ft/s)
308:The howitzer was built up from a section of a
674:
439:filling, No 233 Direct Action percussion fuze
391:Weight in action: 945 kg (2,083 lb)
1094:World War II artillery of the United Kingdom
654:95mm Howitzer armed Churchills by S. Osfield
320:anti-tank gun. The ammunition came from the
681:
667:
622:British and American Tanks of World War II
388:Barrel length: 85.5 in (2.17 m)
376:Name: Ordnance QF 95 mm infantry howitzer
258:
627:
276:so they could lay smoke screens or fire
451:
1081:
288:in the "close support" of infantry. A
662:
611:Marshall and Cavendish. p. 2079
331:
312:barrel, the breech mechanism of the
406:Range: 7,315 m (8,000 yd)
338:Ordnance QF 95-mm infantry howitzer
326:Royal Marine Armoured Support Group
13:
14:
1115:
647:
400:Rate of fire: 7 rounds per minute
385:Calibre: 94 mm (3.7 in)
370:
251:built in two versions during the
1058:BL 12-inch Mk V railway howitzer
425:filling with 12 oz 4 dr (347 g)
263:
234:Effective firing range
177:94 mm (3.7 in) L/18.65
31:
1089:Tank guns of the United Kingdom
1053:BL 9.2-inch Mk XIII railway gun
624:1969 (2nd US Edition 1981 Arco)
609:History Of The Second World War
569:
503:History Of The Second World War
270:Ordnance QF 95-mm tank howitzer
1012:BL 6-inch Mk VII & Mk XXIV
558:
547:
536:
525:
516:
507:
496:
472:
463:
229:330 m/s (1,100 ft/s)
1:
1063:BL 13.5-inch Mk V railway gun
469:Chamberlain & Ellis, p205
322:QF 3.7-inch mountain howitzer
310:QF 3.7-inch anti-aircraft gun
826:BL 4.5-inch medium field gun
394:Elevation: -5 to +30 degrees
237:7,315 m (8,000 yd)
7:
1068:BL 18-inch railway howitzer
603:Twentieth-Century Artillery
576:Twentieth-Century Artillery
554:Twentieth-Century Artillery
513:Twentieth-Century Artillery
480:"78- MM CALIBRE CARTRIDGES"
25:Ordnance QF 95 mm howitzer
10:
1120:
892:3.7-inch mountain howitzer
245:Ordnance QF 95-mm howitzer
138:80.4 in (2.04 m)
37:Centaur tank with 95mm gun
1045:
989:
928:
900:
879:
816:
780:
754:
703:
233:
223:
213:
203:
193:
181:
171:
160:
147:
142:
131:
123:
119:867 lb (393 kg)
115:
110:
102:
94:
89:
79:
71:
63:
58:
51:Place of origin
50:
42:
30:
23:
781:Field guns and howitzers
628:Fletcher, David (2019).
798:25-pounder Gun-Howitzer
630:Churchill Infantry Tank
620:Chamberlain and Ellis,
167:25 lb (11 kg)
1104:World War II tank guns
956:QF 2-pounder naval gun
836:BL 5.5-inch medium gun
746:QF 95 mm howitzer
314:Ordnance QF 25 pounder
301:VI & VIII and the
259:Design and development
215:Rate of fire
127:7 ft (2.1 m)
929:Anti-aircraft weapons
887:75mm Pack howitzer M1
318:Ordnance QF 6 pounder
297:Mark V and VIII, the
106:Tank and field mounts
951:QF 1½-pounder Mk III
866:BL 9.2-inch howitzer
856:BL 7.2-inch howitzer
846:BL 6-inch gun Mk XIX
808:QF 4.5-inch howitzer
690:British Commonwealth
452:Notes and references
225:Muzzle velocity
1007:QF 4.7-inch Mk I–IV
997:QF 6-pounder 10 cwt
415:: smoke composition
397:Traverse: 8 degrees
219:7 rounds per minute
981:QF 5.25-inch Mk II
920:ML 4.2-inch mortar
910:SBML 2-inch mortar
871:240 mm howitzer M1
861:BL 8-inch howitzer
841:BL 6-inch howitzer
819:guns and howitzers
731:QF 3-inch howitzer
522:Fletcher 2019, p27
484:www.quarryhs.co.uk
90:Production history
1076:
1075:
1046:Railway artillery
1032:BL 14-inch Mk VII
1022:BL 8-inch Mk VIII
1017:BL 7.5-inch Mk VI
976:QF 4.5-inch Mk II
831:BL 60-pounder gun
817:Medium and heavy
379:Number built: 800
361:recoilless rifles
332:Infantry howitzer
241:
240:
1111:
1027:BL 9.2-inch Mk X
915:ML 3-inch mortar
803:25-pounder Short
683:
676:
669:
660:
659:
643:
578:
573:
567:
562:
556:
551:
545:
540:
534:
529:
523:
520:
514:
511:
505:
500:
494:
493:
491:
490:
476:
470:
467:
253:Second World War
67:1944 – ????
35:
26:
21:
20:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1099:95 mm artillery
1079:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1041:
1037:BL 15-inch Mk I
985:
924:
896:
875:
851:155 mm Long Tom
818:
812:
788:75 mm Gun M1917
776:
750:
699:
687:
650:
640:
582:
581:
574:
570:
563:
559:
552:
548:
541:
537:
530:
526:
521:
517:
512:
508:
501:
497:
488:
486:
478:
477:
473:
468:
464:
454:
373:
334:
266:
261:
188:Hydro pneumatic
143:
64:In service
59:Service history
38:
24:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1117:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
993:
991:
987:
986:
984:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
941:20 mm Oerlikon
938:
932:
930:
926:
925:
923:
922:
917:
912:
906:
904:
898:
897:
895:
894:
889:
883:
881:
877:
876:
874:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
822:
820:
814:
813:
811:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
784:
782:
778:
777:
775:
774:
769:
764:
758:
756:
755:Anti-tank guns
752:
751:
749:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
707:
705:
701:
700:
686:
685:
678:
671:
663:
657:
656:
649:
648:External links
646:
645:
644:
638:
625:
618:
612:
606:
597:
587:
586:
580:
579:
568:
557:
546:
535:
524:
515:
506:
495:
471:
461:
460:
459:
458:
453:
450:
449:
448:
447:
446:
440:
430:
416:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
372:
371:Specifications
369:
365:Burney 3.45-in
363:, such as the
333:
330:
265:
262:
260:
257:
247:was a British
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
227:
221:
220:
217:
211:
210:
207:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
179:
178:
175:
169:
168:
165:
158:
157:
151:
145:
144:
140:
139:
136:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
111:Specifications
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
56:
55:
54:United Kingdom
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1116:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:QF 12-pounder
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
990:Coast defence
988:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
946:20 mm Polsten
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
931:
927:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
905:
903:
899:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
882:
880:Mountain guns
878:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
821:
815:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
793:QF 18-pounder
791:
789:
786:
785:
783:
779:
773:
772:QF 17-pounder
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
759:
757:
753:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
736:QF 17-pounder
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
691:
684:
679:
677:
672:
670:
665:
664:
661:
655:
652:
651:
641:
639:9781472837349
635:
631:
626:
623:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
605:. p. 175
604:
601:
598:
596:
592:
589:
588:
584:
583:
577:
572:
566:
561:
555:
550:
544:
539:
533:
528:
519:
510:
504:
499:
485:
481:
475:
466:
462:
456:
455:
444:
441:
438:
434:
431:
428:
424:
420:
417:
414:
411:
410:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
374:
368:
366:
362:
358:
352:
349:
345:
344:
339:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
264:Tank howitzer
256:
254:
250:
246:
236:
232:
228:
226:
222:
218:
216:
212:
208:
206:
202:
199:
196:
192:
189:
186:
184:
180:
176:
174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
155:
152:
150:
146:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
85:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
16:
961:Bofors 40 mm
767:QF 6-pounder
762:QF 2-pounder
745:
721:QF 6-pounder
716:QF 3-pounder
711:QF 2-pounder
697:World War II
629:
621:
614:
608:
602:
590:
585:Bibliography
575:
571:
564:
560:
553:
549:
542:
538:
531:
527:
518:
509:
502:
498:
487:. Retrieved
483:
474:
465:
353:
348:British Army
341:
337:
335:
307:
269:
267:
244:
242:
135: length
84:World War II
75:British Army
72:Used by
15:
971:QF 3.7-inch
617:p. 210
409:Ammunition
209:−5° to +30°
1083:Categories
489:2018-06-05
303:Centaur IV
966:QF 3-inch
936:Z Battery
704:Tank guns
693:artillery
600:Hogg, Ian
437:pentolite
295:Churchill
286:pillboxes
205:Elevation
198:Box trail
156:94 x 206R
741:77 mm HV
726:QF 75 mm
299:Cromwell
249:howitzer
194:Carriage
154:Fixed QF
103:Variants
95:Designed
46:Howitzer
18:Howitzer
902:Mortars
427:cordite
382:Crew: 5
357:bazooka
305:tanks.
173:Calibre
636:
435:50/50
423:Amatol
343:sIG 33
183:Recoil
164:weight
133:Barrel
124:Length
457:Notes
433:HEAT:
413:Smoke
274:tanks
162:Shell
149:Shell
634:ISBN
595:HMSO
443:HESH
359:and
336:The
290:HESH
282:HEAT
268:The
243:The
116:Mass
98:1942
80:Wars
43:Type
695:of
280:or
1085::
593:,
482:.
421::
419:HE
278:HE
682:e
675:t
668:v
642:.
492:.
445::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
