482:
154:, a conservation group formed in 1922, that sought the complete abolishment of livestock grazing on national forest lands in the 1930s. The League's Los Angeles chapter petitioned Region 5 of the Forest Service to immediately and absolutely abolish all grazing permits of both sheep and cattle from California's national forest lands. The League's position was that sheep grazing was a costly mistake and a man-made hazard to forests and watersheds, that cattle grazing had been too heavy and that both types of livestock hindered wildlife.
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725:
130:'s Division of Forestry at this time, advocated for the removal of the reserves from Interior and placed under the Agriculture Department so that the forest reserves and the foresters would all be under one department. He also had a poor opinion of the Land Office due to "land office routine, political stupidity and wrong-headed points of view. " A campaign was mounted toward this goal by Pinchot as well as the
170:
522 F.2d 945. The Alaska case was called Zieske v. Butz, 406 F. Supp. 258 (D. Alaska 1975). Its plaintiffs were
Herbert Zieske, Charles Zieske, Alan Stein, The Point Baker Association, and the Tongass Conservation Association. Zieske bared the Ketchikan Company from clearcutting about 400,000 acres
112:
As instructed by the new law, a
Division of Geography and Forestry was set up within the USGS. Henry Gannet was the new division's chief and produced surveys of the reserves that were of high quality and provided basic information necessary for effective management. These surveys, which included an
91:
According to the
Organic Act, the intention of the forest reservations was "to improve and protect the forest within the reservation, ... securing favorable conditions of water flows, and to furnish a continuous supply of timber for the use and necessities of citizens of the United
171:
on the north end of Prince of Wales Island. In contrast, the West
Virginia case applied to under 1000 acres. One of the purposes of the suit was to protect fish streams from clearcutting to their banks by establishing mandatory buffer strips.
161:
as being contrary to the
Organic Act of 1897 which stated that only "dead, physically mature and large growth trees "individually marked for cutting" could be sold. The appeals court upheld the lower court's decision in August 1975.
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On
December 23, 1975, Alaska Federal District Court Judge Van Der Heydt held that four plaintiffs in Alaska's Tongass National Forest should prevail on their Organic Act claims agreeing with the Fourth Circuit's decision in
1204:
86:
This last item gave two separate branches of the
Department of Interior responsibility-The GLO for the sale, claims and administration of the reserves and the USGS for the drawing of boundaries and land maps.
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The
Interior Department's Land Office section tried for a brief period to develop its capability to manage the reserves. Filibert Roth became the head of the
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This law was the first step toward legislation concerning the management, protection and care of the nation's forest reserves. Its features include:
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signed by
President Gerald Ford. No buffer strip provisions were included in the new law which replaced the basis of Forest Service Management.
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104:). The nation now had forest reserves and the means to protect and manage them. The basic elements of federal forestry were now established.
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336:"16 U.S. Code § 473 - Revocation, modification, or vacation of orders or proclamations establishing national forests,"
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In May 1973, the League successfully sued the
Department of Agriculture over the clear-cut logging practices in the
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As a result of the pressure these two lawsuits generated, Congress repealed the Organic Act when it passed the
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60:(GLO) to hire employees for the necessary administrative tasks and opened the reserves for public use.
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120:'s "Division R"-the Forestry Division on November 15, 1901, and resigned two years later, in 1903.
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It specified the purpose for establishing reserves as well as the administration and protection.
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1960:
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138:. Finally, the effort paid off in Feb. 1905 when President Roosevelt signed into law the
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Izaak Walton League and Zieske lawsuits Result in Congress Repealing the Organic Act
63:
It specifically stated the criteria for new forest reserve designations, which were
31:, hence the commonly used term "Organic Act". The legislation's formal title is the
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1205:
Los Angeles County Flood Control District v. Natural Resources Defense Council
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1856:
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West Virginia Division of the Isaak Walton League of America, Inc. v. Butz, ,
28:
1763:
1881:
543:
135:
1317:
563:
548:
302:
The Ever-Changing View-A History of the National Forests in California
1590:
1330:
1248:
877:
Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. v. Natural Resources Defense Council
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352:
96:
This law is one of two of the most important legislative events in
1417:
Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference v. Federal Power Commission
341:
1103:
Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1087:
Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon
64:
1221:
National Association of Manufacturers v. Department of Defense
1173:
National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife
1095:
National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife
1011:
HollyFrontier Cheyenne Refining v. Renewable Fuels Association
1189:
Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council
1157:
S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection
1149:
South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe
35:, which was signed into law on June 4, 1897, by President
1837:
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
53:
the authority in rule-making and regulations of reserves.
869:
Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy
23:
provided the main statutory basis for the management of
1111:
United States Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club
955:
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation v. EPA
831:
Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw Environmental Services
1627:
Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992
1467:
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
770:
82:(USGS) the responsibility for mapping the reserves.
1597:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
1651:Coalition for Responsible Regulation, Inc. v. EPA
554:Forest Service Organic Administration Act of 1897
249:Zieske v. Butz, 406 F. Supp. 258 (D. Alaska 1975)
21:Forest Service Organic Administration Act of 1897
1966:United States federal appropriations legislation
1927:
1709:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
1473:Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
839:BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore
629:William McKinley Presidential Library and Museum
1951:United States federal environmental legislation
347:"Forest Management: A Historical Perspectives,"
1719:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
963:Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen
885:Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen
107:
1946:United States federal public land legislation
1729:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1379:Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act
756:
368:
939:Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council
639:McKinley Birthplace Home and Research Center
1585:Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act
901:Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council
893:Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance
455:William McKinley 1896 presidential campaign
1579:Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
987:American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut
979:Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp.
931:Train v. Natural Resources Defense Council
763:
749:
375:
361:
316:The United States Forest Service A History
1337:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911
1306:Forest Service Organic Administration Act
947:Whitman v. American Trucking Associations
1300:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act
649:McKinley Birthplace Memorial gold dollar
581:1900 United States presidential election
450:1896 United States presidential election
51:United States Department of the Interior
1734:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
591:Second inauguration of William McKinley
128:United States Department of Agriculture
33:Sundry Civil Appropriations Act of 1897
1928:
1827:National Ambient Air Quality Standards
1670:Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
1567:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
1555:Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
1229:County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund
504:First inauguration of William McKinley
286:NATIONAL FOREST MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1976
176:National Forest Management Act of 1976
1915:Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action
1436:Environmental Quality Improvement Act
1213:Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co.
823:Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation
744:
634:National McKinley Birthplace Memorial
356:
1644:Energy Independence and Security Act
1615:National Environmental Education Act
382:
113:atlas, were impressive, even today.
1887:Significant New Alternatives Policy
1739:U.S. Global Change Research Program
1049:Southern Union Co. v. United States
995:Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA
909:Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms
586:1900 Republican National Convention
460:1896 Republican National Convention
440:1888 Republican National Convention
13:
1664:America's Water Infrastructure Act
1654:(D.C. Cir. Court of Appeals, 2012)
1373:Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act
1133:United States v. Riverside Bayview
1071:Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill
1041:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey
14:
1977:
1680:(5th Cir. Court of Appeals, 2022)
1442:National Environmental Policy Act
1420:(2nd Cir. Court of Appeals, 1965)
1181:Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper Inc.
1141:SWANCC v. Army Corps of Engineers
601:Assassination of William McKinley
329:
118:United States General Land Office
58:United States General Land Office
1867:Presidential Climate Action Plan
1847:New Source Performance Standards
1714:Council on Environmental Quality
1603:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act
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473:
318:University of Washington Press.
304:USDA Forest Service Publishers.
49:It granted the Secretary of the
1503:Water Resources Development Act
1460:Coastal Zone Management Program
772:United States environmental law
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80:United States Geological Survey
1794:Environmental impact statement
1774:Corporate average fuel economy
1658:Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act
1079:Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
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559:Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899
399:President of the United States
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1956:Forestry in the United States
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1832:National Climate Assessment
1779:Discharge Monitoring Report
1632:Food Quality Protection Act
1454:Coastal Zone Management Act
435:Coal miners' strike of 1873
425:23rd Ohio Infantry Regiment
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159:Monongahela National Forest
108:Interior Department changes
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1982:
1609:Global Change Research Act
1259:United States v. Bestfoods
624:McKinley National Memorial
342:The Forest History Society
300:Godfrey, Anthony. (2005).
1882:Section 608 Certification
1822:Maximum contaminant level
1759:Best available technology
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1405:(1963, 1970, 1977, 1990)
1385:Air Pollution Control Act
1349:Migratory Bird Treaty Act
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314:Steen, Harold K. (1976).
231:Steen, Harold K. pp.36-37
98:US Forest Service history
1910:Toxicity category rating
1905:Total maximum daily load
1842:National Priorities List
1724:Office of Surface Mining
1549:Federal Noxious Weed Act
1450:(1972, 1977, 1987, 2014)
1424:Solid Waste Disposal Act
1165:Rapanos v. United States
430:Battle of South Mountain
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1941:1897 in the environment
1872:Renewable Fuel Standard
1690:Inflation Reduction Act
1497:Safe Drinking Water Act
596:Pan-American Exposition
534:China Relief Expedition
514:PhilippineâAmerican War
1485:Endangered Species Act
1430:Endangered Species Act
1312:Rivers and Harbors Act
861:United States v. SCRAP
807:Vermont Yankee v. NRDC
519:Treaty of Paris (1898)
94:
1810:Executive Order 13990
1804:Executive Order 13432
1799:Environmental justice
1684:CHIPS and Science Act
1391:Fish and Wildlife Act
1267:Guam v. United States
799:Sierra Club v. Morton
539:HayâPauncefote Treaty
407:39th Governor of Ohio
100:(the other being the
89:
1936:1897 in American law
1893:State of the Climate
1561:MagnusonâStevens Act
1367:McSweeney-McNary Act
1019:West Virginia v. EPA
971:Massachusetts v. EPA
715:Theodore Roosevelt â
693:William McKinley Sr.
509:SpanishâAmerican War
465:Front porch campaign
102:Transfer Act of 1905
1857:Not-To-Exceed (NTE)
1789:Environmental crime
1784:Effluent guidelines
1545:, 2014, 2016, 2022)
1285:federal legislation
791:Missouri v. Holland
687:Ida Saxton McKinley
524:Newlands Resolution
152:Izaak Walton League
140:Forest Transfer Act
1677:Louisiana v. Biden
1591:CERCLA (Superfund)
1499:(1974, 1986, 1996)
815:Hughes v. Oklahoma
708:â Grover Cleveland
338:Cornell Law School
1923:
1922:
1852:New Source Review
1638:Energy Policy Act
1621:Oil Pollution Act
1491:Oil Pollution Act
1479:Noise Control Act
1409:Acid Rain Program
1397:Oil Pollution Act
1361:Oil Pollution Act
1355:ClarkeâMcNary Act
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1237:Sackett v. EPA II
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576:Gold Standard Act
571:Lacey Act of 1900
349:US Forest Service
221:Foresthistory.org
73:forest protection
1973:
1769:Clean Power Plan
1701:Federal agencies
1343:WeeksâMcLean Act
1197:Sackett v. EPA I
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1752:and concepts
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78:It gave the
67:production,
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20:
18:
1749:Regulations
544:Dingley Act
409:(1892â1896)
401:(1897â1901)
136:Sierra Club
1961:Forest law
1930:Categories
1318:Refuse Act
564:Refuse Act
549:Erdman Act
491:Presidency
258:Steen p.74
240:Steen p.51
194:References
1331:Weeks Act
1325:Lacey Act
1293:decisions
1289:treaties,
783:decisions
496:timeline)
126:, of the
69:watershed
1816:LDV Rule
729:Category
695:(father)
660:Statues
182:See also
134:and the
92:States."
1456:(1972)
1314:(1899)
669:Chicago
27:in the
1901:(2010)
1818:(2010)
1812:(2022)
1806:(2007)
1692:(2022)
1686:(2022)
1672:(2021)
1666:(2018)
1660:(2016)
1646:(2007)
1640:(2005)
1634:(1996)
1623:(1990)
1617:(1990)
1611:(1990)
1605:(1986)
1599:(1986)
1593:(1980)
1587:(1978)
1581:(1977)
1575:(1976)
1569:(1976)
1563:(1976)
1557:(1975)
1551:(1975)
1493:(1973)
1487:(1973)
1481:(1972)
1475:(1972)
1469:(1972)
1444:(1970)
1438:(1970)
1432:(1969)
1426:(1965)
1399:(1961)
1393:(1956)
1387:(1955)
1381:(1954)
1375:(1934)
1369:(1928)
1363:(1924)
1357:(1924)
1351:(1918)
1345:(1913)
1339:(1911)
1333:(1911)
1327:(1900)
1308:(1897)
1302:(1872)
1270:(2021)
1262:(1998)
1249:CERCLA
1240:(2023)
1232:(2020)
1224:(2018)
1216:(2016)
1208:(2013)
1200:(2012)
1192:(2009)
1184:(2009)
1176:(2007)
1168:(2006)
1160:(2006)
1152:(2004)
1144:(2001)
1136:(1985)
1114:(2021)
1106:(2018)
1098:(2007)
1090:(1995)
1082:(1992)
1074:(1978)
1052:(2012)
1044:(1978)
1022:(2022)
1014:(2021)
1006:(2015)
998:(2014)
990:(2011)
982:(2007)
974:(2007)
966:(2004)
958:(2004)
950:(2001)
942:(1984)
934:(1975)
912:(2010)
904:(2008)
896:(2004)
888:(2004)
880:(1983)
872:(1983)
864:(1973)
842:(2021)
834:(2000)
826:(1990)
818:(1979)
810:(1978)
802:(1972)
794:(1920)
689:(wife)
680:Family
322:
308:
65:timber
1282:Major
1251:cases
1125:cases
1063:cases
1033:cases
923:cases
853:cases
199:Notes
1543:2007
1539:2000
1535:1999
1531:1996
1527:1992
1523:1990
1519:1988
1515:1986
1511:1976
1507:1974
1031:RCRA
851:NEPA
418:Life
396:25th
320:ISBN
306:ISBN
150:The
19:The
1123:CWA
1061:ESA
921:CAA
1932::
1541:,
1537:,
1533:,
1529:,
1525:,
1521:,
1517:,
1513:,
1509:,
142:.
39:.
1505:(
1287:,
764:e
757:t
750:v
494:(
376:e
369:t
362:v
75:.
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