1003:(containing the Oric Atmos system) to a spare ROM-socket on the Oric-1 circuit board. Then, using a switch, the users could then switch between the new Oric Atmos ROM and the original Oric-1 ROM. This was desirable since the updated ROM of the Atmos contained breaking changes for some games which relied on certain behaviours or memory addresses within the ROM. This led to tape based software often containing a 1.1 ROM/Atmos version of the software on one side of the cassette, with a 1.0 ROM/Oric-1 version on the other. Earlier titles from publishers that no longer existed or had stopped producing software for the Oric were unlikely to be updated.
168:
1219:
to input direct commands for graphics and see the effect instantly without having to switch modes. The graphics display operates with serial attributes in the same way as characters, except that the display is now considered as 200 lines by 40 graphics cells. Each graphic cell is therefore very flexible by having 8 foreground and 8 background colours and flashing patterns. The video invert parallel attribute is also usable in this mode. ASCII characters may be painted over the graphics area, thus enabling the free mixing of graphics and text.
1101:
592:
1440:
1040:
66:
25:
443:
250:
1453:
and produced between 1985 and 1991. The
Pravetz is entirely hardware and software compatible with the Oric Atmos. The biggest change on the hardware side is the larger white case that hosts a comfortable mechanical keyboard and an integrated power supply. The BASIC ROM has been patched to host both a
807:
129 and £169 respectively, matching the models available for the popular ZX Spectrum and undercutting the price of the 48 KB version of the
Spectrum by a few pounds. The circuit design requires 8 memory chips, one chip per data line of the CPU. Due to the sizing of readily available memory chips
1218:
The graphics mode consists of 200 pixels vertically by 240 pixels horizontally plus 3 lines of 40 characters (the same as character mode) at the bottom of the screen to display system information and to act as a window on the user program while still viewing the graphics display. It can also be used
1179:
which is enhanced by the addition of 80 user-definable characters. ASCII characters may also be re-defined as these are down loaded into RAM on power-up. Serial attributes are used to control display features, as in
Teletext, and take up one character position. All remaining characters on that line
1011:
Although the Oric Atmos had not turned around Oric
International's fortunes, in February 1985, they announced several models including the Oric Stratos/IQ164. Despite their backers putting them into receivership the following day, Oric was bought by French company Eureka, which continued to produce
849:) which also manages the interface between the processor and memory. The two modes are a "LORES" (low resolution) text mode (though the character set can be redefined to produce graphics) with 28 rows of 40 characters and a "HIRES" (high resolution) mode with 200 rows of 240
1002:
drive originally promised for the Oric-1 were announced and released by the end of 1984. A short time after the release of the Atmos machine, a modification for the Oric-1 was issued and advertised in magazines and bulletin boards. This modification enabled the Oric-1 user to add a second ROM
1278:
socket shared with the external sound output. The interface includes support for tape motor control. Recording speeds offered as standard are 300 baud or 2400 baud. A tone leader allows tape recorders' automatic level control to stabilise before the filename, followed by the actual data with
1310:), STORE, RECALL (for arrays of string, integer or real, added with Oric Atmos roms). Filenames up to 16 characters can be specified. Options on the commands exist for slow speed, verification, autorunning of programs or specification of start and ending addresses for dumping memory.
1018:
The
Telestrat is a telecommunications-oriented machine. It comes with a disk drive as standard, and only connects to an RGB monitor / TV. The machine is backward compatible with the Oric-1 and Oric Atmos by using a cartridge. Most of the software is in French, including Hyper-BASIC's
1318:
The expansion port allows full access to the CPU's data address and control lines. This allows connection of add-ons specifically designed for the Oric, including user designed hardware. The range of lines exposed allows external ROM and RAM expansion, thus allowing for
1351:, and often followed de facto standards for simple graphics. More advanced use of the printer would have required a specific driver which, given the proliferation of different home computers and standards of the time, may or may not have been available.
815:; The optional disc drive unit contains some additional hardware that allows it to enable or disable the ROM, effectively adding 16 KB of RAM to the machine. This additional memory is used by the system to store the Oric
974:
In late 1983 the funding cost for continued development of Oric caused external funding to be sought, and eventually led to a sale to
Edenspring Investments PLC. The Edenspring money enabled Oric International to release the
1462:
alphabet – the upper case character set produces
Western European characters, while lower case gives Cyrillic letters. In order to ease the use of the two alphabets, the Pravetz 8D is fitted with a
1294:
to remove noise and make input more reliable. The system allows for verification of stored information against the tape copy, to ensure integrity before the information is flushed from memory. There was however a
1347:, though the latter were uncommon and expensive during the period of commercial availability of the Oric range. Most contemporary computer printers could produce text output without requiring specific
808:
the 48 KB model has 8 * 8 KB (64 KBit) chips, making a total of 64 KB. As released only 48 KB is available to the user, with the top 16 KB of memory overlaid by the
1432:. This is to indicate the installed 64 KB of RAM – which was also true of the Atmos –, 16 KB of which is masked in both by the ROM at startup, leaving 48 KB to work with the
1408:
adaptor produced by Eureka (Informatika) was the first adaptor produced for the Oric-1 and Oric Atmos computers. However this adaptor was only furnished with very limited software.
1706:
Other printer plotters that use variants of the ALPS DPG1302 plotter mechanism include the: Commodore 1520, Tandy CGP-115, Sharp CE-150, Atari 1020, Mattel
Aquarius 4615
1372:. The same mechanism was also used as the basis for similar low-cost plotters produced by various home computer manufacturers around that time. These included the
1227:
The Oric has an internal loudspeaker and amplifier and can also be connected to external amplifiers via the 7 Pin DIN 45329 shared with the cassette interface. A
1015:
The
Stratos and Telestrat increased the RAM to 64 KB and added more ports, but kept the same processor and graphics and sound hardware as the Oric-1 and Atmos.
999:
1792:
1797:
1303:
of recorded programs, often causing user-created programs to fail when loaded back in, this bug persist in the updated ROMs for the Oric Atmos.
1199:
Switch over to user-definable character set. This feature is used to produce
Teletext-style colour graphics without the need for additional RAM.
756:. The computer was introduced in 1982. During 1983, approximately 160,000 Oric-1 computers were sold in the UK, plus another 50,000 in
1721:
760:(where it was the year's top-selling machine). This resulted in Oric being acquired and given funding for a successor model, the 1984
1113:
The keyboard has 57 moving keys with tactile feedback. It is capable of full upper and lower case with a correctly positioned
1026:
In December 1987, after announcing the Telestrat 2, Oric International went into receivership for the second and final time.
130:
1206:
Each character position also has a parallel attribute, which may be operated on a character by character basis, to produce
102:
1787:
1697:
857:–albeit to a much lesser degree in HIRES mode, since 2 different colours can be defined for each 6x1 block of 6 pixels,
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1087:
229:
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149:
109:
52:
1069:
182:
1736:
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83:
38:
1300:
1065:
116:
87:
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835:
98:
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463:
453:
270:
260:
1471:
compatible interface and a custom DOS, called DOS-8D, were created in 1987–88 by Borislav Zahariev.
950:
1742:
1171:
In character mode the Oric displays 28 lines of 40 characters, producing a display very similar to
1050:
898:
176:
1782:
1054:
888:
846:
824:
792:
683:
540:
355:
76:
1731:
1645:
1335:
allows for connection of many different types of printers from low quality (e.g. low-resolution
872:
193:
1180:
are affected by the serial attribute until either the line ends or another serial attribute.
816:
417:
1670:
913:
800:
123:
44:
1746:
1532:
979:, which added an improved keyboard and an updated V1.1 ROM to the Oric-1. The faulty tape
8:
1750:
1562:
1480:
1340:
995:
789:
734:
688:
545:
360:
1332:
876:
1323:
or for expansion devices to internally include the required operating software on ROM.
1121:
1393:
1385:
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745:
1449:
904:
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662:
530:
519:
345:
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1100:
729:. Tangerine was based in the United Kingdom and sold their computers primarily in
1389:
1336:
1291:
1203:
Available colours are black, blue, red, magenta, green, cyan, yellow, and white.
1156:
1137:
854:
1590:
1455:
1377:
980:
772:
1766:
1424:. The clones were Atmos-based, the only difference being the logo indicating
1369:
1348:
1344:
1320:
1275:
1207:
1160:
1020:
929:
749:
722:
618:
473:
280:
1685:= Commodore 1520 / Oric MCP40 / Tandy/Radio Shack CGP-115 /..; made by ALPS
1155:
colour or black and white television receiver on approximately Channel 36.
942:
864:
1726:
1504:
591:
1439:
1133:
741:
666:
523:
338:
1417:
1381:
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above three lines of text. Like the Spectrum, the Oric-1 suffers from
1619:"The Oric-1 is 30: The colourful story of a would-be Spectrum killer"
1464:
1307:
1114:
946:
920:
407:
1675:
faqs.org (Atari 8-Bit Computers: Frequently Asked Questions section)
1039:
819:
software. Both Oric-1 versions have a 16 KB ROM containing the
752:
and Tangerine formed Oric Products International Ltd to develop the
65:
1459:
1284:
1172:
963:
908:
796:
700:
557:
372:
1196:
Produce double height characters (even line top, odd line bottom).
1646:"The Machine Room :: Oric :: Telestrat :: General"
1468:
1405:
1365:
1129:
560: / 48 KB (16 KB more available with hardware hack)
442:
771:(1986). Oric was dissolved the year the Telestrat was released.
1140:
and additional cursor control keys. All keys have auto repeat.
1125:
757:
730:
568:
767:
Oric was bought by Eureka, which produced the less successful
1433:
1287:
are recorded to allow overall verification of the recording.
1235:
1176:
991:
850:
809:
628:
483:
290:
1306:
Available basic commands are CLOAD, CSAVE (for programs and
775:
legal clones of Oric machines were produced into the 1990s.
957:
933:
842:
392:
1012:
the Stratos, followed by the Oric Telestrat in late 1986.
925:
Graphics: 40×28 text characters/ 240×200 pixels, 8 colours
804:
1671:"What are the Atari 1020, 1025, 1027, and 1029 Printers?"
1193:
Flash characters on and off approximately twice a second.
1152:
1149:
892:
868:
983:
routine was still there (See "Cassette Interface" under
249:
1756:
1698:"The Texas Instruments HX-1000 Printer/Plotter Photos"
1331:
The printer port is compatible with the then standard
875:
recorder can be used for external storage. There is a
1557:
1555:
1553:
1527:
1525:
1187:
Select background colour (paper) from one of eight.
733:. All computers in the Oric line were based on the
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1238:programs, four keywords generate pre-made sounds:
1104:Controller and DOS architecture for Oric computers
1006:
1550:
1190:Select foreground colour (ink) from one of eight.
1764:
1522:
841:Two graphics modes are handled by a semi-custom
383:40×28 text characters; 240×200 pixels, 8 colours
1643:
1339:) to high quality printers, such as fixed font
1613:
1611:
984:
1068:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1274:The cassette recorder connects via a 7 Pin
1029:
1608:
1498:
1496:
1088:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
1793:Computers designed in the United Kingdom
1438:
1210:. The display has a fixed black border.
1099:
1023:. Up to 6000 units were sold in France.
175:This article includes a list of general
1502:
1447:In Bulgaria, the Atmos clone was named
1213:
990:Soon after the Atmos was released, the
1798:Computer-related introductions in 1982
1765:
1585:
1583:
1493:
1690:
1563:"OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum"
1533:"OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum"
1269:
300:United Kingdom: 1 September 1982
1066:adding citations to reliable sources
1033:
882:
493:United Kingdom: 1 February 1984
161:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
1663:
1580:
1266:produce a broader range of sounds.
1159:output is also provided on a 5 pin
13:
1399:
947:Centronics compatible printer port
748:, Tangerine's backers suggested a
181:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1809:
1715:
1511:. Chapter 1: Conception and Birth
1359:
1313:
1290:The circuit was designed using a
1166:
1148:The display adapter will drive a
34:This article has multiple issues.
1175:. The character set is standard
1038:
590:
441:
248:
166:
64:
23:
1326:
1124:. The key layout is a standard
1007:Oric Stratos and Oric Telestrat
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1637:
1354:
879:compatible printer interface.
16:UK-manufactured 8-bit computer
1:
1486:
1396:MZ-1P16 (for MZ-800 series).
1333:Centronics parallel interface
1229:General Instruments AY-3-8912
969:
795:, the Oric-1 came in 16
1392:4615, and probably also the
941:Connectivity: Tape recorder
897:Operating system: Tangerine/
836:General Instrument AY-3-8910
7:
1753:at the Old Computers Museum
1650:machine-room.bedroomlan.org
1474:
1108:
962:Power consumption: Max 600
953:out, RF out, expansion port
10:
1814:
1788:Tangerine Computer Systems
1503:Haworth, Jonathan (1992).
1416:The Atmos was licensed in
1231:provides 3 channel sound.
1143:
938:Input: integrated keyboard
860:The system has a built-in
727:Tangerine Computer Systems
464:Tangerine Computer Systems
454:Tangerine Computer Systems
271:Tangerine Computer Systems
261:Tangerine Computer Systems
1778:6502-based home computers
1759:community portal (French)
1411:
916:: 16 KB / 48 KB
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1505:"Oric, the Story so far"
1364:Tangerine's MCP-40 is a
1222:
899:Microsoft Extended Basic
740:With the success of the
535:Oric Extended Basic V1.1
350:Oric Extended Basic v1.0
1030:Technical specification
985:Technical specification
196:more precise citations.
1727:Oric: The Story so Far
1444:
1183:Display features are:
1105:
788:Based on a 1 MHz
495:; 40 years ago
302:; 42 years ago
1644:Alexios Chouchoulas.
1567:www.old-computers.com
1537:www.old-computers.com
1442:
1103:
823:and a modified BASIC
725:sold in the 1980s by
418:Tangerine Microtan 65
1773:Early microcomputers
1341:daisy wheel printers
1214:Screen graphics mode
1062:improve this section
891:: MOS 6502 @ 1
735:MOS Technology 6502A
99:"Oric" computer
84:improve this article
1749: –
1745: –
1481:Category:Oric games
871:output. A standard
834:, the programmable
790:MOS Technology 6502
610:Eureka Informatique
602:Eureka Informatique
586:
437:
244:
1445:
1368:with mechanics by
1270:Cassette interface
1106:
1000:3-inch floppy disk
584:
435:
375: / 48 KB
242:
1732:Oric Atmos review
1625:. 28 January 2013
1623:theregister.co.uk
1386:Texas Instruments
1382:Tandy/Radio Shack
1098:
1097:
1090:
883:Technical details
830:The Oric-1 has a
746:Sinclair Research
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1591:"Oric Atmos 48K"
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1456:Western European
1337:thermal printers
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1249:
1245:
1241:
1117:. It has a full
1093:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1042:
1034:
956:Voltage: 9
821:operating system
773:Eastern European
737:microprocessor.
674:Operating system
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346:Operating system
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192:this article by
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1400:Prestel adaptor
1390:Mattel Aquarius
1362:
1357:
1329:
1316:
1292:Schmitt trigger
1272:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:. The commands
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1243:
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1225:
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1208:video inversion
1169:
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1111:
1094:
1083:
1077:
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1059:
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932:, 300 and 2400
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855:attribute clash
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721:was a brand of
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326:210,000 in 1983
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1783:Home computers
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1716:External links
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1595:www.rigpix.com
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1430:Oric Atmos 48K
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1378:Commodore 1520
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1360:Colour plotter
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1345:laser printers
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1321:ROM cartridges
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1314:Expansion port
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1301:error-checking
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1167:Character mode
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799:or 48 KB
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769:Oric Telestrat
723:home computers
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1737:Your Computer
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1388:HX-1000, the
1387:
1384:CGP-115, the
1383:
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1370:Alps Electric
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1047:This section
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930:tape recorder
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803:variants for
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750:home computer
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663:Cassette tape
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619:Home computer
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101: –
100:
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95:Find sources:
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73:This article
71:
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1684:
1678:. Retrieved
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1665:
1653:. Retrieved
1649:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1622:
1598:. Retrieved
1594:
1570:. Retrieved
1566:
1540:. Retrieved
1536:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:oric.free.fr
1508:
1448:
1446:
1429:
1426:ORIC NOVA 64
1425:
1421:
1420:and sold as
1415:
1403:
1363:
1330:
1327:Printer port
1317:
1308:memory dumps
1305:
1289:
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1233:
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1217:
1205:
1202:
1182:
1170:
1147:
1112:
1084:
1075:
1060:Please help
1048:
1025:
1017:
1014:
1010:
989:
976:
973:
865:RF modulator
859:
840:
829:
787:
768:
766:
761:
753:
739:
718:
717:
691:@ 1 MHz
643:Discontinued
635:Release date
607:Manufacturer
578:Oric Stratos
548:@ 1 MHz
508:Discontinued
490:Release date
460:Manufacturer
363:@ 1 MHz
315:Discontinued
297:Release date
267:Manufacturer
226:
208:
199:
180:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1743:Microtan 65
1734:March 1984
1428:instead of
1355:Peripherals
1299:within the
1283:; finally,
867:as well as
845:(HSC 10017
825:interpreter
742:ZX Spectrum
707:Predecessor
667:Floppy disk
565:Predecessor
524:Floppy disk
414:Predecessor
395:(HSC 10017
339:Floppy disk
194:introducing
1767:Categories
1751:Oric Atmos
1702:Hexbus.com
1680:2015-03-22
1515:2017-06-23
1487:References
1450:Pravetz 8D
1443:Pravetz 8D
1436:language.
1418:Yugoslavia
1374:Atari 1020
1119:typewriter
987:, below).
977:Oric Atmos
970:Oric Atmos
907:: 16
877:Centronics
873:audio tape
862:television
832:sound chip
762:Oric Atmos
711:Oric Atmos
678:HyperBasic
651:Units sold
625:Generation
500:1984-02-01
480:Generation
436:Oric Atmos
428:Oric Atmos
323:Units sold
307:1982-09-01
287:Generation
177:references
110:newspapers
39:improve it
1465:Caps Lock
1285:checksums
1276:DIN 45329
1161:DIN 41524
1115:space bar
1049:does not
964:milliamps
951:RGB video
928:Storage:
921:AY-3-8912
599:Developer
575:Successor
450:Developer
424:Successor
408:AY-3-8912
257:Developer
45:talk page
1757:Oric.org
1722:Oric FAQ
1475:See also
1460:Cyrillic
1173:Teletext
1163:socket.
1109:Keyboard
1078:May 2023
699:64
556:16
388:Graphics
371:16
202:May 2024
140:May 2023
1655:18 June
1600:18 June
1572:18 June
1542:18 June
1469:Disk II
1467:key. A
1422:Nova 64
1406:Prestel
1366:plotter
1349:drivers
1248:EXPLODE
1144:Display
1070:removed
1055:sources
996:printer
919:Sound:
498: (
391:Custom
380:Display
305: (
190:improve
124:scholar
1747:Oric-1
1629:30 May
1412:Clones
1380:, the
1376:, the
1281:parity
1262:, and
1250:, and
1138:RETURN
1126:QWERTY
851:pixels
784:Oric-1
779:Models
758:France
754:Oric-1
731:Europe
696:Memory
569:Oric-1
553:Memory
368:Memory
243:Oric-1
179:, but
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
1434:BASIC
1394:Sharp
1260:MUSIC
1256:SOUND
1244:SHOOT
1236:BASIC
1223:Sound
1177:ASCII
1128:with
1122:pitch
992:modem
810:BASIC
744:from
689:6502A
659:Media
654:6,000
629:8-bit
546:6502A
516:Media
484:8-bit
404:Sound
361:6502A
331:Media
291:8-bit
131:JSTOR
117:books
1657:2017
1631:2015
1602:2017
1574:2017
1544:2017
1458:and
1404:The
1264:PLAY
1240:PING
1234:For
1134:CTRL
1053:any
1051:cite
998:and
934:baud
901:v1.0
843:ASIC
719:Oric
646:1988
638:1986
615:Type
511:1985
470:Type
393:ASIC
318:1984
277:Type
103:news
1343:or
1297:bug
1252:ZAP
1157:RGB
1153:UHF
1150:PAL
1130:ESC
1064:by
943:I/O
914:RAM
905:ROM
893:MHz
889:CPU
869:RGB
847:ULA
817:DOS
813:ROM
801:RAM
793:CPU
684:CPU
541:CPU
397:ULA
356:CPU
86:by
1769::
1704:.
1700:.
1683:.
1673:.
1648:.
1621:.
1610:^
1593:.
1582:^
1565:.
1552:^
1535:.
1524:^
1507:.
1495:^
1258:,
1246:,
1242:,
1136:,
1132:,
994:,
949:,
945:,
909:KB
838:.
827:.
797:KB
764:.
701:KB
665:,
558:KB
522:,
373:KB
337:,
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1091:)
1085:(
1080:)
1076:(
1072:.
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958:V
805:£
502:)
399:)
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227:(
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200:(
186:.
153:)
147:(
142:)
138:(
128:·
121:·
114:·
107:·
80:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
