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2790:. Most trails are around the huts at Vratlo (1160 m) and Orjen ridge (1594 m). 40 km of marked trails exist in the Mount Orjen region, leading to the most attractive destinations. Marked trails start at the city bus station at Herceg Novi (30 m) and lead to the Vratlo hut (1160 m). Hiking in other more remote parts is also possible but no marcation currently exists. Visitors of Bijela gora or Dobri can use several local forest roads. sometimes shepherds can offer night accommodation.
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608:. Among the once glaciated Mediterranean mountains Orjen was outstanding for one of the biggest ice cap in the region. A 150 km covered 1/3 of the area. All part above 900 m were buried under a thick sheet of ice from where several glacial tongues descended to 500 m above sea level. Traces of glacial activity are evident in any part of Orjen as in the
2761:. Small limestone huts with roofs build of pine bark. Only few hamlets are inhabited, mostly close to the coast. The higher up the stronger the push factors acted to leave. Tribes on Orjen were once renowned for their wildness and still people from the coast have this notion towards the mountain tribes.
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Only few traditional shepherds live today on Orjen. Mostly remain on the northern side of the Bijela gora. They have their local songs describing life on the remote mountain and every year in July a great feast takes place when all the shepherds from Bijela gora come together to sing dance and eat on
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of Bora type appear in winter and are most severe in the Bay of Risan. Gusts reach 250 km/h and can lead to a significant fall of temperatures in several hours with freezing events problematic for most of the
Mediterranean cultures. Bora weather situations are frequent and sailors keep an eye on
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phenomena. In these terrains the largest vrulja on the
Adriatic coast, called Sopot, is located. The vast differences in water-yielding capacity of the constant and periodic karst springs point out to the strong karstification of High-Karst Zone limestones and dolomites on Mount Orjen. The difference
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to the North, and Dobri do and Vrbanj to the West. Only few settlements are scattered in surrounding poljes. The poljes of
Grahovo, Dragalj, Vrbanj, Krusevica and Grabalj are important for agricultural use and provide the only lines of communication in the karst. Migration circled around Mount Orjen
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Several interesting alpine like climbing possibilities like rock climbing exist. Most remarkable is the 500 m wall of the Subra amphitheatre. In last few years the alpine ā speleo section (A.S.O.S.) of PSD Subra started to climb routes on Mount Orjen. Good climbing routes are only 10 minutes walk
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fast in the porous rocks and does not form brooks and rivers despite the heavy amounts of precipitation. An overall dryness is characteristic that is unsuitable for settling. Thus the region has been depopulated for a long time. Only during times of repression the unfavourable high mountains were
523:
than the dry
Mediterranean. Lying at Europe's wettest coast, snow easily accumulates on karstic plateaux and as late as June small snow patches continue to lie in shaded places under the summits. Skiing is possible but no relevant infrastructures exist today. Orjen is a more important hiking
491:
Mount Orjen is a block mountain lifted up as a horst and thus towering above the lowered Bay of Kotor and the high karst plateaux surrounding the Mount Orjen horst. With 1895 m difference between the lowest and the highest point, relief energy has a great role in the extremely harsh
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Glacial and karst features compose a unique landscape that is attracting visitors also from abroad. Backpacking and alpine recreation are important factors for the development of the Orjen region. Three mountain huts are established and enthusiasts keep winter sports alive.
2726:, reigned approximately from 231 BC to 228 BC choose Risan as her capital during her war against the Romans. The Greek also colonised the region and eventually the Romans took over. The classical name of the Bay of Kotor is after Rhizon (Risan) Sinus Rhizonicus. Eventually
728:
Karst is also a major tourist attraction as caves are frequent and peculiar geomorphological forms can be studied. Karst vegetation on the other hand is species rich and major karst areas are hot spots of biodiversity. The both famous
Southeast Asian karst areas like the
414:(Boka Kotorska). From the town of Risan, situated at the innermost protected part of the bay, a well-engineered road, at first metalled, with many hairpin bends climbs to about 1600 m, over to the interior. At the main summit of Orjen and the surrounding ridges and high
483:(Cattaro). Due to lack of potable water, the high mountain was never densely populated. Snow patches collected from deep pit holes were used even late in the 20th century to provide the few hamlets with water. Today, wells are used instead.
932:, where frequent freeze-thaw cycles create favourable conditions for arcto-alpine and alpine biota. A peculiarity of the littoral Dinarides is the precipitation regime as Orjen receives Europe's' most heavy precipitation. Like the
646:
Snow lines across the
Mediterranean. The upper line shows recent snowlines the bigger signifies those from the last Ice age. Mount Orjen due to heavy precipitation was in Ice age a major center of the Mediterranean local glacier
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Several dry river valleys are found on Orjen. Only in decades they react as short-living rivers when heavy rain and snow-melt combine. Flooding can be a problem and several poljes are renowned for their long inundation periods.
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Mostly limestone rocks but also moraines and screes. Coastal cliffs are present at all parts of the Bay of Kotor. Many forest types can be seen of which
Mediterranean deciduous evergreen don't play a significant role.
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site. The part of Orjen within the boundaries of this Site is namely the
Krivosije plateaux. A further evaluation of the patrimony and nomination of a greater part of Orjen as National park has good reasons. Unique
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the mountains as cap clouds indicate an imminent Bora event. Sirocco is a warm humid rain and is important as it brings heavy rain. It appears throughout the year but is usually centered in autumn and spring.
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from the Vratlo mountain hut. Other good climbing routes are in Subra's
Amphitheatre and Reovacka Greda rocks. Mount Orjen gives a lot opportunities for climbing unclimbed routes with various difficulties.
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snowlines were not much lower as in today's Alps. Glaciers were only of local significance in the
Mediterranean enabling frost sensitive vegetation types to survive the climate changes of the
547:, Orjens' culmination point. The ridges are arranged by elevation with the highest to the north screening the Bijela gora plateaux from the Mediterranean coast. The separated plateaux are the
899:, the High-Karst Zone is in direct contact with the sea, as the High-Karst Zone overthrusts the Pindus Cukali Zone where Mount Orjen rises from the Bay of Risan. The direct contact of the
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belt. While summers are hot and sunny, autumn, winter and spring are rainy seasons. It is the climate type of the Mediterranean but modifications exist in the vast region. For exymple
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Every year around mid May a half marathon called Orjen marathon is organised by the PSD Subra alpine organization. Guests are welcomed to take part in the traditional manifestation
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was planned for a long time on Orjen. The disintegration of Yugoslavia, civil war and standstill of tourism cancelled plans. Today plans a rejuvenated but funding maybe a problem.
947:, the Sopot spring, is a remarkable indicator of this seasonality. Most of the time it is inactive but after heavy rain a remarkable waterfall appears 20 m above the Bay of Kotor.
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Water is only available at some places, shepherd villagers usually use rain collectors. Most hikers tend to visit Subra (1680 m) or Veliki kabao (1895 m). Both are well marked.
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vegetation ā oromediterranean pastures. The typical karst country with bare limestone rochocks interspersed with parches of wood is found on lower altitudes. White
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The earliest historic confirmations are the Lipce rock paintings which are dated in the Bronze Age. The first historic significant events are connected with the
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rain is seasonally distributed, thus November thunderstorms sometimes pour 2000 L of water in several days, while August is frequently completely dry leading to
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in this area is below the base level of erosion, below the sea level and is deeper than 1,000 m. The High-Karst Zone has all the prominent characteristics of
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3033:ā Between late spring and early fall. All overnight trips into the back country require sufficient water supplies due to limited water sources available.
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Livestock is mostly sheep but also horses and few cattle are held. At Orjen saddle oxen graze. In former times nomadic migration took place between the
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in Montenegro in the south-east. Mount Orjen is composed of four high karstic plateaux divided by ridges. Three near parallel ridges collide in
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type relief combine now in a unique coastal scenery. There are few places elsewhere in the Mediterranean which demonstrate similar phenomena.
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Flora is of Balkan type with many Illyrian and Balkan endemics. Notable is local endemism with 10 endemics restricted to Mount Orjen.
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Much of Mount Orjen is inaccessible due to heavy snow in winter. However, Orjen saddle 1594 m can be reached in winter from Vrbanj.
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463:, including all the small towns in the bays of Risan and Kotor with their natural setting. With this privileged natural harbour the
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Pavle Cikovac: "Sociology and ecology of Silver Fir forest on Mt. Orjen ā Montenegro". LMU Munich (2002), Department of Geography
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faced heavy losses while both great powers underestimated the difficulties to undertake successful raids in karst areas. The
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plateaux. No glacial lakes survive today as they were extinguished due to the porosity of the karstified landscape. Many
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496:. A hyperkarstic barren landscape of vast karren fields contrasts with very species rich vegetation types, ranging from
3085:ā the only skiing area is around Orjen saddle opens in winter. No lifts and equipment are provided at the mountain hut.
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humans settled in the Orjen region. This early human activity is depicted by rock paintings of deerhunt and humans in
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441:. Hollowing U-shaped valleys and cirques in their course. Glaciers also shaped jagged peaks and ridges. Glacial and
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are observed. Mount Orjen is completely built of folded Cretaceous limestones which belongs to the High-Karst Zone
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Brown bears appear in the Bijela gora and should not be disturbed as the population is critically endangered.
668:. As precipitation and temperatures are high and vegetation is abundant karstification processes are evolved.
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The Vegetation profile on Mount Orjen shows the Mediterranean zones which vary from alpine mountain zones.
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forests are quite widespread on all major ridges. Virgin woodlands still exist, mainly Beech forests.
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calcareous fir forests are found in several grooves on the Bijela gora but are difficult to reach.
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Across Orjen vegetation varies with climate and altitude. While the sub-adriatic range exhibits
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of this region is characterised by all surface occurrences and all processes characteristic for
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accompanies beech. Above the beech and fir-beech forests are scattered open stands of pure
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395:, which stands at 1,895 m (6,217 ft). The Orjen Peak is the highest peak in the
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8:
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The few plant names are just examples of the plants belonging to the Biotope communities.
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rule from the 15th to the 19th century the high karst was acting as main shelter for the
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bay. A major Bronze Age excavation site is at Popovo polje to the north of Mount Orjen.
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and rocks are exposed to the jagged ridges and summits. They are very rich in species.
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of several kilometres of thickness. This thickness is even larger, due to the reverse
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and the higher regions of Orjen. The traditional housing on Orjen is the so-called
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in the northern and upper regions. The ridges also have a variety of Mediterranean
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Tectonically the area of the Southern Adriatic is very active as the frequency of
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in 1869 showed that the Montenegrins used the natural conditions in their favour.
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is possible throughout Mount Orjen and local roads are well suited for cycling.
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may create local areas with continental microclimates as is the cas with the
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3057:ā Annual sport event with several possible tracks, starting from the Vratlo
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play also a role in the process. A major disadvantage is that the water is
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and relief certainly require a protection plan by administrative action.
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and jagged ridges and summits bear the evidence of the glacial erosion.
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Trails are maintained by the PSD Subra mountaineering association from
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1045:(s= double winter rain season), perhumid Mediterranean coast climate
1017:(fs= without summerdryness), perhumid Mediterranean mountain climate
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between minimal and maximal water yielding capacity is over 350 mĀ³.
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Two wind systems are noteworthy for their ecological significance:
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Shepherds on Orjen. Dried mushrooms decorate the walls in this hut
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forest with occasional open grassy pastures. On northern branches
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For the Yugoslavian yacht which also carried the name Orjen, see
940:. With a maximum discharge of 200 mĀ³/s water one of the biggest
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Orjen comprises transboundary area of about 400 km between
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3091:ā Hunters are generally welcome official permits are required.
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and the Bay of Kotor in Montenegro rival with spectacularity.
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destination. Three mountain huts provide basic accommodation.
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colonised the coast from 400 BC and established today's ports
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basic rock scramble, difficult slippery scree on north side
3109:
CORINE Biotopes Manual - Habitats of the European Community
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difficult north approach, alpine character, scree on east
772:, earthquakes can have devastating energy. Sometimes even
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forests at lower altitudes to endemic calcareous Dinaric
884:(on Mount Orjen), lacustrine, sea and combined erosion.
332:
Broader region of Orjen and Bay of Kotor. 7 August 2001.
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all round. Higher altitudes are characterised by heavy
16:
Mountain range in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro
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that contrast vividly with the stony slopes and rocky
2487:are notable. There are stony meadows in the sunken
744:and the Mediterranean dinaric karst areas with the
515:reaches 5000 L per m, amounts typical for tropical
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2599:is endemic to altimediterrranean pastures on Orjen
459:site, comprising the territory between Orjen and
402:. The massif of Orjen lies east to south-east of
3130:
2950:difficult major wall from north, south and west
2916:scree on east, difficult rock crevices on north
2519:set among stiff light-green needles. Open stony
844:, dry-, hanging-, blind- and karstified valley,
539:in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the north-west, to
709:population. Military campaigns of Ottomans and
340:Orjen is located in the South-east Dinaric Alps
2695:Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor
2400:Dinaric calcareous block fir forest#Plant list
450:Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor
2394:An example of a complete biotope plant list (
1932:* monthly and yearly precipitation ranges in
903:and the High-Karst Zone leads to interesting
664:Mount Orjen is built up from pure Cretaceous
535:, and runs for 25 km from region around
380:mountain range, located between southernmost
2278:Seslerio robustae-Juniperetum hemisphaericae
406:in Bosnia and Herzegovina and north-west of
2614:is common in the altimediterranean lifezone
2117:SME= Suprameridinal (subtropic belt)
3179:Mountain ranges of Bosnia and Herzegovina
556:as a major obstacle between the coastal,
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2782:Ascend on Orjen via the Medugorje valley
2777:
2740:
2435:
2243:Seslerio autumnalisāAbietetum illyriacae
816:and overthrusting and thus repeating of
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641:
343:
335:
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2730:was becoming more important during the
3131:
3043:Swimming ā Orjen is located near the
2509:Dinaric calcareous Silver Fir forests
2451:forests, the vegetation graduates to
2286:Juniperus communis ssp. Haemispherica
2048:ME= Meridional (subtropic belt)
1059:* classification scheme after Kƶppen
367:
3073:
3024:
2898:basic rock scramble, scree on north
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
3154:Mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina
988:perhumid Mediterranean snowclimate
13:
2203:NE= Nemoral (temperate zone)
916:Orjen is within the Mediterranean
14:
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680:resolve from the solution of the
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2396:Oreoherzogio-Abietetum illyricae
2233:Oreoherzogio-Abietetum illyricae
2173:Seslerio-Ostryetum carpinifoliae
2006:
1994:
1982:
1970:
880:rivers with their tributaries),
588:Mediterranean mountains bear no
467:has been settled for millennia.
234:
227:
141:
30:
2680:
2471:, Hop-hornbeam and Montpellier
876:(deep canyons of Komarnica and
701:tribes. During the time of the
41:needs additional citations for
3102:
2329:AL= Alpine (tundra zone)
2157:Castaneo-Quercetum pubescentis
596:in some shaded cirques of the
1:
3184:Mountain ranges of Montenegro
3095:
2764:
2258:BO= Boreal (taiga zone)
2021:
511:forests in higher altitudes.
235:
2895:rock scramble, scree, trail
2343:Narcisso-Gentianetum nivalis
2141:Petterio-Quercetum confertae
1989:Firs are sung in local songs
736:region in Southern China or
486:
173:1,895 m (6,217 ft)
7:
3018:500 m wall still unclimbed
2979:rockscramble, trail, scree
2966:difficult scrre from north
2845:rock scramble, wall, scree
2802:
2629:endemic snowball from Orjen
2440:Vegetation profile on Orjen
2207:Seslerio autumnalisāFagetum
1951:
887:Along the internal belt of
852:, shaft, cave, resurgence,
788:unit is mainly built up of
352:in the north at Bijela gora
324:Mount Orjen topographic map
10:
3205:
2932:difficult scree on north,
2913:rock scramble scree, wall
2713:
2534:
1946:
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564:and the interior towns of
433:receded from Orjen to the
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2310:Amphoricarpion neumayerii
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148:View of Orjen with peaks
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3164:Herceg Novi Municipality
3015:rock scramble, big wall
3000:difficult rock scramble
2526:
2475:, or the characteristic
2376:Muscaro-Scillion nivalis
2314:Amphoricarpos neumayerii
2262:Fago-Pinetum heldrecihii
2013:Glaciokarst features at
651:
3159:Mountains of Montenegro
2515:with deep-purple young
2177:Sesleria sphaerocephala
1977:Sinkhole on Mount Orjen
616:, U-shaped valleys and
600:range. Even during the
425:is evident. During the
2783:
2750:a pasture at Ledenik.
2746:
2659:subendemic Greek Maple
2441:
2035:Vegetation (Biotopes)
2001:Pasture Pirina poljana
891:, from Morinj, across
784:. The terrain of this
661:
648:
592:any more except small
529:Bosnia and Herzegovina
382:Bosnia and Herzegovina
353:
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253:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2963:rock scramble, scree
2929:rock scramble, scree
2879:rock scramble, scree
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2439:
2333:Trifolio Polganetalia
2068:Orno-Quercetum ilicis
659:
645:
372:) is a transboundary
347:
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331:
323:
201:42.56889Ā°N 18.54889Ā°E
2997:rock scramble, wall
2947:rock scramble, wall
2421:, of the true grass
2359:Drabo-Androsacetalia
697:mainly populated by
660:Karst fauna on Orjen
391:Its highest peak is
50:improve this article
3174:NikÅ”iÄ Municipality
2817:
2612:Variety F. gracilis
2212:Sesleria autumnalis
2136:Carpinus orientalis
2131:Carpinus orientalis
2063:Carpinus orientalis
768:subduces under the
197: /
3169:Kotor Municipality
3114:2008-08-04 at the
2811:
2784:
2747:
2627:Viburnum maculatum
2442:
2235:Fuk. (basic soil,
2223:Pinion heldreichii
2114:Supramediterranean
2085:Juniperus communis
764:indicates. As the
723:KrivoŔije uprising
721:and Turks and the
715:Battle of VuÄji Do
662:
649:
354:
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206:42.56889; 18.54889
163:Highest point
3074:Winter activities
3025:Summer activities
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2855:Velika Jastrebica
2382:
2381:
2326:Cryomediterranean
2299:Lonicera alpigena
2290:Lonicero-Rhamnion
2273:Pinus heldreichii
2255:Altimediterranean
2228:Pinus heldreichii
2181:Sesleria caerulea
2168:Quercus pubescens
2073:Quercus pubescens
2045:Mesomediterranean
1930:
1929:
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711:Austro-Hungarians
688:. Vegetation and
384:and southwestern
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2657:Acer heldreichii
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2608:
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2575:
2560:
2545:
2481:maquis shrubland
2371:Androsace alpina
2354:Gentiana nivalis
2345:Lov. & Rac (
2282:Sesleria robusta
2200:Oromediterranean
2152:Quercus conferta
2057:Ruscus aculeatus
2052:Rusco-carpinetum
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2010:
1998:
1986:
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3122:
3121:
3116:Wayback Machine
3107:
3103:
3098:
3076:
3038:Mountain biking
3027:
2816:
2805:
2776:
2767:
2739:
2716:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2660:
2654:
2645:
2643:Paeonia daurica
2639:
2630:
2624:
2615:
2609:
2600:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2561:
2552:
2546:
2537:
2529:
2267:Fagus sylvatica
2218:Fagus sylvatica
2209:(Horv.) Wrab. (
2162:Castanea sativa
2126:Quercus trojana
2121:Quercus trojana
2101:Nerium oleander
2096:Nerion oleandri
2024:
2017:
2011:
2002:
1999:
1990:
1987:
1978:
1975:
1954:
1949:
1072:downslope winds
965:Precipitation
914:
882:glacial erosion
874:fluvial erosion
860:and so on. The
778:geological unit
758:
654:
586:
519:or the eastern
489:
364:
265:
259:
258:
257:
256:
255:
246:
245:
244:
243:
239:
205:
203:
199:
196:
191:
188:
186:
184:
183:
158:
147:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3202:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3069:(1895m) peaks.
3055:Orjen marathon
3052:
3041:
3034:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2984:
2983:
2982:basi scramble
2980:
2977:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2812:
2804:
2801:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2738:
2735:
2715:
2712:
2699:World Heritage
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2588:
2586:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2402:
2392:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2312:(Horv.) Lak. (
2294:Lonicera nigra
2259:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2091:Quercus ilicis
2079:Quercus cerris
2049:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2015:ReovaÄka greda
2012:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1969:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1534:Ivanova Korita
1530:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1070:. Strong cold
1055:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1007:
999:
998:
995:
989:
986:
981:
978:
970:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
913:
910:
862:karstification
766:Adriatic Plate
757:
754:
746:Plitvice lakes
653:
650:
633:Lipci rock art
585:
584:Glacial traces
582:
488:
485:
457:World Heritage
429:, long valley
418:the action of
376:Mediterranean
316:
315:
310:
304:
303:
298:
292:
291:
286:
280:
279:
275:
274:
269:
261:
260:
247:
241:
240:
233:
232:
226:
225:
224:
223:
222:
219:
218:
214:
213:
181:
175:
174:
171:
165:
164:
160:
159:
146:
138:
137:
133:
132:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
21:Dalmat (yacht)
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3201:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3124:
3123:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Visoki brijeg
2886:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Buganja greda
2870:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2693:declared the
2692:
2688:
2687:National Park
2674:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2565:Martagon lily
2559:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2412:, belongs to
2411:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:1,700- 1,900
2320:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2280:(Hor.) Kus. (
2279:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:1,450- 1,700
2249:
2248:
2245:(Horv.) Fuk.
2244:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:1,100- 1,450
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2159:(Anic) Lov. (
2158:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2143:(Fuk.) Lov. (
2142:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2016:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1001:
1000:
997:ap. 140 days
996:
994:
990:
987:
985:
982:
979:
977:
976:
972:
971:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
951:
948:
946:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
909:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
732:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
695:
691:
690:soilformation
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
658:
644:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
581:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
551:to the East,
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
522:
518:
514:
513:Precipitation
510:
506:
502:
499:
495:
484:
482:
479:(Rhizon) and
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
455:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
362:
358:
351:
346:
338:
330:
322:
314:
311:
309:
305:
302:
301:Fold mountain
299:
297:
296:Mountain type
293:
290:
287:
285:
281:
276:
273:
270:
268:
262:
254:
250:
230:
220:
215:
210:
182:
180:
176:
172:
170:
166:
161:
155:
151:
144:
139:
134:
129:
120:
117:
109:
106:November 2023
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: ā
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
3149:Dinaric Alps
3104:
3077:
3067:Veliki kabao
3065:(1679m) and
3059:mountain hut
3045:Bay of Kotor
3036:Bicycling ā
3005:
2987:
2971:
2955:
2937:
2921:
2903:
2887:
2871:
2853:
2837:Veliki kabao
2835:
2813:
2806:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2785:
2768:
2752:
2748:
2717:
2684:
2681:Conservation
2675:in the range
2597:Iris orjenii
2583:Bosnian pine
2530:
2513:Bosnian pine
2443:
2425:
2416:
2409:
2404:
2395:
2375:
2369:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2188:carpinifolia
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2112:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2043:
1963:Bosnian pine
1955:
1931:
1924:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1764:
1759:
1752:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1594:
1589:
1582:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1138:
1131:
1061:
1058:
1048:
1040:
1030:
1020:
1012:
1002:
992:
983:
975:Veliki kabao
973:
938:forest fires
915:
905:hydrological
901:Adriatic Sea
889:Bay of Kotor
886:
820:series. The
759:
727:
719:Montenegrins
663:
622:
587:
578:
545:Veliki kabao
541:Bay of Kotor
526:
490:
465:Bay of Kotor
447:
435:Bay of Kotor
412:Bay of Kotor
397:Sub-Adriatic
396:
393:Veliki kabao
390:
356:
355:
308:Type of rock
272:Dinaric Alps
266:Parent range
152:(right) and
150:Veliki kabao
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
3031:Backpacking
2866:easy trail
2830:Difficulty
2824:Height (m)
2814:Major Peaks
2788:Herceg Novi
2732:Middle Ages
2724:Queen Teuta
2563:Variety of
2109:400- 1,100
1938:Herzegovina
1133:Herceg Novi
918:subtropical
830:karst plain
786:geotectonic
762:earthquakes
734:tower karst
699:Montenegrin
694:percolating
610:Bijela gora
602:pleistocene
594:snow fields
558:Herceg Novi
553:Bijela gora
517:rainforests
494:environment
313:Glaciokarst
284:Age of rock
204: /
179:Coordinates
3133:Categories
3096:References
2972:Markov kuk
2827:Character
2765:Activities
2641:Very rare
2579:Silver fir
2505:silver fir
2238:Abies alba
2022:Vegetation
1942:Montenegro
1760:Grab-Zupci
1646:Jankov vrh
962:Character
930:Opuvani do
866:limestones
806:limestones
802:Cretaceous
782:Montenegro
740:island in
629:Bronze Age
606:Quaternary
533:Montenegro
423:glaciation
420:quaternary
386:Montenegro
365:pronounced
289:Cretaceous
249:Montenegro
192:18Ā°32ā²56ā³E
189:42Ā°34ā²08ā³N
76:newspapers
3144:KrivoŔije
2956:GoliŔevac
2939:MeÄugorje
2905:VuÄji zub
2720:Illyrians
2549:Saxifraga
2497:scrubland
2455:forests,
2453:temperate
2449:deciduous
2446:evergreen
2414:subfamily
2366:hoppeanae
2348:Narcissus
2338:Trifolium
1881:1931ā1960
1875:Dubrovnik
1823:1931ā1960
1765:1934ā1960
1709:1961ā1984
1651:1890ā1909
1595:1893ā1913
1539:1960ā1984
1483:1961ā1984
1425:1961ā1984
1367:1961ā1984
1311:1961ā1984
1306:Podvrsnik
1255:1961ā1984
1197:1961ā1984
1139:1961ā1984
926:Borovi do
922:sinkholes
870:dolomites
858:estavelle
828:such as:
826:holokarst
818:carbonate
810:dolomites
770:Dinarides
707:Christian
682:limestone
674:sinkholes
666:limestone
647:formation
549:KrivoŔije
521:Himalayas
501:deciduous
498:evergreen
487:Geography
469:Illyrians
400:Dinarides
378:limestone
363:: ŠŃŃŠµŠ½,
350:Borovi do
217:Geography
169:Elevation
154:VuÄji zub
3189:Trebinje
3112:Archived
3061:towards
3049:Adriatic
2803:Climbing
2673:fir tree
2485:garrigue
2457:conifers
2418:Pooideae
2410:Sesleria
2146:Petteria
1952:Habitats
1934:Dalmatia
1817:Trebinje
1590:Goli vrh
1087:Height
1081:Station
1025:70 days
956:Height
953:Station
842:sinkhole
814:faulting
798:Jurassic
794:Triassic
790:Mesozoic
774:tsunamis
742:Thailand
717:between
686:solution
625:stoneage
618:moraines
590:glaciers
570:Trebinje
537:Trebinje
431:glaciers
416:plateaus
404:Trebinje
3089:Hunting
3047:on the
2922:Borovik
2714:History
2551:species
2535:Gallery
2491:of the
2479:of the
2427:Poaceae
2398:Fuk.):
2385:Notes:
2305:Rhamnus
2264:Jank. (
2175:Horv. (
2040:0- 400
1959:Dinaric
1947:Biology
1703:Cetinje
1477:Crkvice
1419:Knežlaz
1249:Grahovo
1126:I-XII
1084:Period
1068:Sirocco
1053:2 days
1004:Crkvice
945:springs
934:monsoon
912:Climate
756:Geology
750:Croatia
703:Ottoman
614:cirques
566:Grahovo
427:Ice Age
374:Dinaric
348:Cirque
278:Geology
90:scholar
65:"Orjen"
3083:Skiing
3051:coast.
3012:1,679
2994:1,680
2976:1,721
2960:1,721
2944:1,769
2926:1,777
2910:1,805
2892:1,833
2876:1,849
2863:trail
2860:1,865
2842:1,894
2774:Hiking
2759:Koliba
2755:poljes
2737:People
2691:UNESCO
2521:screes
2489:dolina
2465:alpine
2461:tundra
2423:family
2361:QuƩz (
2335:QuƩz (
2292:Fuk. (
2186:Ostrya
2029:Zone
1362:Vrbanj
991:about
878:MoraÄa
854:vrulja
850:canyon
846:lapies
738:Phuket
731:Guilin
670:Lapies
598:Taurus
574:NikÅ”iÄ
473:Greeks
461:LovÄen
454:UNESCO
439:poljes
156:(left)
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
3139:Orjen
3063:Subra
3007:Subra
2989:Pazua
2821:Peak
2728:Kotor
2722:when
2708:fauna
2704:flora
2527:Flora
2517:cones
2501:beech
2493:karst
2477:scrub
2473:Maple
2406:Genus
2378:QuƩz
2364:Draba
2032:Type
1655:1017
1599:1311
1543:1350
1371:1010
1191:Risan
1111:VIII
1032:Risan
980:1895
968:Snow
959:Type
942:karst
897:Kotor
893:Risan
838:uvala
834:polje
822:karst
678:caves
652:Karst
637:Risan
562:Risan
481:Kotor
477:Risan
452:is a
443:karst
408:Risan
357:Orjen
242:Orjen
136:ŠŃŃŠµŠ½
131:Orjen
97:JSTOR
83:books
2581:and
2511:and
2483:and
2459:and
1940:and
1925:1307
1921:186
1918:213
1915:156
1894:102
1891:113
1888:147
1867:1762
1863:249
1860:247
1857:239
1854:110
1842:119
1839:102
1836:160
1833:190
1830:193
1827:276
1809:2985
1805:485
1802:447
1799:360
1796:173
1784:183
1781:195
1778:257
1775:325
1772:333
1769:677
1753:3394
1749:498
1746:489
1743:306
1740:209
1737:118
1728:164
1725:288
1722:367
1719:357
1716:434
1713:655
1695:3750
1691:501
1688:579
1685:484
1682:202
1673:124
1670:212
1667:346
1664:389
1661:386
1658:424
1639:3129
1635:327
1632:415
1629:473
1626:215
1617:148
1614:188
1611:226
1608:307
1605:286
1602:271
1583:4614
1579:972
1576:694
1573:300
1561:198
1558:128
1555:472
1552:742
1549:460
1546:434
1527:4774
1523:683
1520:714
1517:502
1514:295
1511:155
1505:135
1502:198
1499:398
1496:503
1493:499
1490:610
1487:940
1469:4358
1465:661
1462:629
1459:400
1456:268
1453:136
1447:120
1444:207
1441:373
1438:473
1435:472
1432:547
1429:620
1411:3742
1407:536
1404:565
1401:369
1398:224
1395:122
1389:104
1386:181
1383:321
1380:388
1377:390
1374:472
1355:3820
1351:586
1348:593
1345:465
1342:238
1339:132
1333:101
1330:151
1327:305
1324:367
1321:398
1318:407
1315:630
1299:3224
1295:473
1292:508
1289:416
1286:202
1283:103
1274:142
1271:251
1268:305
1265:324
1262:351
1259:710
1241:3105
1237:434
1234:423
1231:295
1228:188
1225:123
1219:101
1216:153
1213:235
1210:340
1207:342
1204:405
1183:1974
1179:262
1176:326
1173:181
1170:160
1158:130
1155:135
1152:183
1149:221
1146:230
1123:XII
1108:VII
1096:III
1066:and
1064:Bora
1049:3500
1021:4926
1013:Cfsb
1009:940
993:6250
984:Dfsc
928:and
868:and
808:and
800:and
676:and
627:and
572:and
560:and
531:and
509:Pine
507:and
471:and
448:The
251:and
69:news
2469:Oak
2374:),
2357:),
2341:),
2308:),
2288:),
2276:),
2241:),
2231:),
2221:),
2171:),
2155:),
2139:),
2129:),
2094:),
2066:),
1912:97
1909:38
1906:24
1903:60
1900:79
1897:92
1885:49
1851:76
1848:43
1845:70
1793:86
1790:59
1787:83
1734:72
1731:92
1679:58
1676:55
1623:70
1620:75
1570:94
1567:46
1564:74
1508:82
1450:72
1392:70
1336:77
1280:55
1277:94
1222:66
1201:40
1167:45
1164:28
1161:73
1143:40
1120:XI
1114:IX
1105:VI
1099:IV
1093:II
1041:Csa
895:to
864:of
748:in
635:in
623:In
505:Fir
410:in
52:by
3135::
2706:,
2697:a
2685:A
2671:A
2368:,
2351:,
2316:)
2302:,
2296:,
2284:,
2270:,
2215:,
2190:)
2183:,
2179:,
2165:,
2149:,
2104:)
2088:,
2082:,
2076:,
2060:,
1936:,
1117:X
1102:V
1090:I
1037:0
856:,
848:,
840:,
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796:,
672:,
576:.
568:,
388:.
2430:.
2225:(
2133:(
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94:Ā·
87:Ā·
80:Ā·
73:Ā·
46:.
23:.
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