396:, Osei Kwadwo sent a force under Kwaaten Pete to reoccupy and arrest the Ya-na Abdallah Gariba around 1772. This comes from the source Ta'rikh Daghabawi, where the author notes the arrest of the Ya Na and he writes that "his sons ransomed him for a thousand slaves. This became tribute between Dagomba and Asante." Dispute prevails as to whether Dagbon was conquered through or war or diplomatic means. Scholar Ward writes about Osei Kwadwo's conquest of Dagbon as he coerced the Ya Na to pay tribute of a thousand slaves, cows, sheep and fowls. Historian Arhin also argues that Dagbon was defeated through conquest. Scholar A. A. Lliasu contradicts this where he argues that Osei Kwadwo enabled friendly relations with Dagbon after a faction invited his intervention amid Dagbon's civil war. He argues that Ashanti and Dagbon's relations were "a state of politico-economic symbiosis" as opposed to conquest or tributary. Lliasu does admit that Dagbon paid 200 slaves to the Ashanti Empire between 1744 and 1874.
436:
Akyem and they sold some
Ashanti, who came into their villages for food, as slaves. Emissaries were sent on behalf of Ashanti to investigate Fante's hostility, but they were captured. Ashanti declared war as the last alternative and a direct confrontation was reported to have occurred between 17 and 28 June 1765, but this did not evolve into full-scale war. Osei Kwadwo withdrew back inland around July due to factors such as poor logistics. The Fante built a new alliance with former enemies, Wassa and Twifo in 1765, to check against a potential invasion by the Ashanti. Two invasion scares by Ashanti occurred in 1767 when the Fante almost consented aid for an Akyem rebellion, and when they executed a messenger belonging to a relative of Osei Kwadwo. Peaceful relations fostered between both states until 1772, when the Ashanti were believed to have supported the
452:
also prevent hostile relations with
Ashanti. Governor David Mill sent the weapons to Thomas Drew in Accra to be delivered to the Ashanti. Word of the supply reached the Fante who encamped a large military force near Accra, to ambush the Ashanti party. The party evaded this ambush as the Fante suspected the
233:"the drunkard Kusie", who had long ruled Ashanti, and as a result of whose cowardly attitude the trading paths had been closed for so long, "has now been kicked out of government and has been succeeded by a courageous youngman, Zai (Osei), who would most certainly follow the footsteps of the late king
420:. By the late 1750s, the alliance disintegrated following the withdrawal of the Fante as well as the decline in relations with fellow member Denkyira. In June 1765 Osei Kwadwo waged war on the alliance. The armies of Wassa and Twifo escaped to Fante territory but the Akyem were defeated. As a result,
355:
by modern historians. An
English report in 1766 accounts for a serious conflict between the reigning Asantehemaa and Asantehene osei Kawadwo. Historians such as McCasackie have argued that before Konadu Yaadom was enstooled as Asantehemaa, the reigning queen was Akyaama who was removed from office in
435:
following an agreement between the
Ashanti and Fante. The base was formed to foster attacks against Wassa. In the process of this occupation, the Fante shared mistrust for Ashanti as this resulted in a decline of relations between both states. The Fante refused to share the spoils of the war against
471:
where it concluded peace terms with the Fante council. Academic scholar
Tenkorang states that, the Ashanti wanted to draw the Fante out of their conflict with Wassa. The Ashanti invaded Wassa in May 1776. King Enimil I of Wassa renewed an alliance with the Fante in response. By September 1776, the
331:
on the coast in 1817, Bowdich attributes the development of the institution to
Asantehene Osei Kwadwo, stating; "it was a law of Sai Cudjo...which granted to particular captains the honourable patent of receiving the pay of small forts, distinctly, each being responsible for his separate duties to
451:
through which he asked the governors of the forts for an installment of salary that could only be paid through firearms for four years. The Dutch and Danes agreed to the request although the
British did not want to supply firearms to the enemies of their allied Fante states. The British wanted to
535:
to
Ashanti authority. Before his death, Osei Kwadwo declared Opoku Kwame as the next Asantehene. Upon his death, the kingmakers ignored this request as a period internal disorder developed within the state which led to the ascension of
177:
through an exchange of diplomatic missions.The
Asantehene died in 1777, having announced Opoku Kwame as his successor before death. Succession disputes emerged after the death of the Asantehene until the ascension of
518:
Opoku Ware died in 1777 as news of his death reached Accra by
November 1777. At the end of his reign, he managed to consolidate the interior territories of the Empire by suppressing several revolts, reconquered the
1498:
265:
wrote in 1821 that "the aristocracy in Ashantee until Sai Cudjo's time, always acquired this dignity by inheritance only." The Asantehene's reforms enabled individuals to obtain power based on their
463:
marched through Accra where the leader of the army, Adusei, assured the Ga chiefs and Europeans of peaceful intentions. It was reported that year that the Ashanti army was defeated in the
389:. The campaign took place as an open pitched battle of which Banda was able to resist Ashanti's attacks twice until they were subjugated into the empire during Ashanti's third attack.
447:
as the Akyem leader was chased out of his kingdom by 1773. He was replaced by another ruler selected by the Ashanti. In July 1772, Kwadwo sent envoys to the three Europeans forts in
173:
with the arrest of the Dagbon leader in 1772. Historians have debated whether Osei Kwadwo conquered Dagbon through war or diplomacy. He also improved relations with the
261:
with appointive ones and the Ashanti administrative structure was professionalized as a result. Authority was no longer obtained based on predetermined status as
324:
169:
was foiled in 1772. Osei Kwadwo maintained peaceful relations with the Fante in the latter part of his reign. The Asantehene intervened in a civil disorder at
142:
in the Ashanti Empire. The Asantehene formed various institutions for the administration of the state. In foreign affairs, the Asantehene waged war on the
320:
444:
479:
in 1778, Osei Kwadwo maintained calm relations with the Fante according to historian Margaret Priestly. Under his predecessor, Kusi Obodom, Ashanti–
502:, the capital of Dahomey. Historian Wilks hypothesizes that it was through these exchange of missions between the two leaders that the
351:
to Kumasi for this purpose. A Dutch report in 1758 documented a reigning Asantehemaa called "Akjaaba" in the source but recognized as
257:
The Kwadwoan Revolution occurred under Osei Kwadwo which was a period of bureaucratic reforms by the Asantehene. Osei Kwadwo replaced
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1770 following her conflict with Asantehene Osei Kwadwo from the 1760s. She was further erased from the royal genealogies.
935:
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677:
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1246:
1279:
Tenkorang, S. (1968). "The Importance of Firearms in the Struggle Between Ashanti and the Coastal States, 1708-1807".
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Mountains. The purpose behind this Ashanti invasion is unknown. In November 1775, an Ashanti delegation arrived in
468:
432:
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1388:
1343:
1089:
876:
874:
McCaskie, T.C. (1995). "KonnurokusΣm: Kinship and Family in the History of the Oyoko KɔKɔɔ Dynasty of Kumase".
687:
460:
222:
1341:
Priestley, Margaret; Wilks, Ivor (1960). "The Ashanti Kings in the Eighteenth Century: A Revised Chronology".
305:, which translates as "chief inspector of the nuisances and path cleaners." It was formed as the head of the
498:
to improve the relations between the two states. Osei Kwadwo requited this gesture by sending an embassy to
312:
1613:
967:
965:
Bravmann, Rene A.; Mathewson, R. Duncan (1970). "A Note on the History and Archaeology of "Old Bima"".
344:
1650:
1187:
549:
201:. Kwadwo came into power around 1764 as replacement of Kusi Obodum whose removal was influenced by
30:
1469:
1252:
1248:
Land, Labour and the Family in Southern Ghana: A Critique of Land Policy Under Neo-liberalisation
299:
to manage the state trading organization. During his reign, Osei Kwadwo formed the office of the
1087:
Priestley, Margaret (1961). "The Ashanti Question and the British: Eighteenth-Century Origins".
327:, whose meetings were inconsistent and unwieldy. Describing the authority of Ashanti's resident
1455:
1459:
262:
197:) was the son of Akua Afriyie, a sister of Kusi Obdodom, and Owusu Afriyie who was a son of
404:
During the reign of Kusi Obodom, an alliance was formed among the coastal states including
8:
941:
710:
Wilks, Ivor (1966). "Aspects of Bureaucratization in Ashanti in the Nineteenth Century".
417:
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A History of Ghana, Volume 1 of Routledge Library Editions: Colonialism and Imperialism
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of state traders. By the early 19th century, the leader of the Asokwafo was appointed
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was conquered into the Ashanti Empire. This conquest enabled the Ashanti to open the
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were conquered into the empire as the Ashanti formed cooperative relations with the
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Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order
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The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1600 to c. 1790, edited by Richard Gray
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fostered during the reign of Asantehene Osei Kwadwo which led to the growth of
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The Early State in African Perspective: Culture, Power, and Division of Labor
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315:. The first to be appointed into the Akwanmofohene office was Adabo, son of
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In 1765, Osei Kwadwo established a military camp in the Fante territory of
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after the killing of Ashanti traders in the state. Banda was supported by
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who reigned from 1764 to 1777. Osei Kwadwo was elected in replacement of
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810:
Asante Ivory Trumpet Music in Ghana: Culture Tradition and Sound Barrage
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416:. This alliance was formed to oppose Ashanti expansionism towards the
1504:
1386:
Kwame, Arhin (1967). "The Structure of Greater Ashanti (1700-1824)".
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until relations declined between both states starting from 1765.
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311:, which was the agency responsible for the maintaining the
1549:
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Kurt, Beck.; Klaeger, Gabriel; Stasik, Michael (2017).
1037:(1965). "The Reign and Times of Kusi Obodum, 1750-64".
849:
782:
663:
629:(1965). "The Reign and Times of Kusi Obodum, 1750-64".
1336:
1334:
759:
West Africa before the Colonial Era: A History to 1850
682:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 317.
581:
Kyerematen, A. (1969). "The Royal Stools of Ashanti".
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came into power in the late 18th century, he sent an
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Between July 1773 until news reached of his death at
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evolved under the Asantehene to administer over the
1331:
221:in the conflict. In October 1764, Director-General
472:Ashanti invasion was defeated with Fante support.
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964:
443:In 1772, Kwadwo defeated the Akyem Abuakwa ruler
1632:
1546:, Vol. 65, No. 260 (July 1966), pp. 212–222
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1039:Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana
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283:was founded as an internal security force. The
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1214:(1998). "The Akyem Abuakwa Asafo, 1700-1918".
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1497:Abaka, Edmund; Kwarteng, Kwame Osei (2021).
1465:Dictionary of African Biography, Volumes 1-6
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146:in 1765 which led to the subjudication of
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1609:State and Society in Pre-colonial Asante
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1540:. "A New Look at the History of Ghana."
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343:by the Asantehene who transferred a new
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850:Eisenstadt, Abitbol & Chazan (1988)
783:Eisenstadt, Abitbol & Chazan (1988)
664:Eisenstadt, Abitbol & Chazan (1988)
523:and Wassa territories and he submitted
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213:that year, as well as the loss of the
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676:Fage, J.D. and Roland Oliver (1975).
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933:
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456:for warning the Ashanti beforehand.
16:4th Asantehene of the Ashanti Empire
1606:McCaskie, T. C. (30 October 2003).
369:Osei Kwadwo engaged in war against
247:
13:
359:
14:
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540:as the successor of Osei Kwadwo.
319:. Osei Kwadwo also commenced the
440:who plundered Fante territory.
1646:18th-century monarchs in Africa
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877:The Journal of African History
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712:The Journal of African History
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131:who was removed out of power.
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1183:Where the Negroes Are Masters
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510:between Ashanti and Dahomey.
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1641:18th-century Ghanaian people
807:Kaminski, Joseph S. (2012).
483:relations had soured. After
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7:
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313:roads of the Ashanti Empire
10:
1667:
1614:Cambridge University Press
1456:Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku
968:African Historical Studies
762:. Routledge. p. 226.
272:
1431:Abaka & Kwarteng 2021
1402:10.1017/S0021853700006836
1357:10.1017/S0021853700001511
1180:Sparks, Randy J. (2014).
1103:10.1017/S0021853700002139
1022:Abaka & Kwarteng 2021
890:10.1017/S0021853700034460
724:10.1017/S0021853700006289
323:as an alternative to the
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1551:Eisenstadt, Shmuel Noah.
1188:Harvard University Press
550:List of rulers of Asante
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399:
392:Amid civil disorders in
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1470:Oxford University Press
1460:Gates, Jr., Henry Louis
1253:Nordic Africa Institute
165:An Ashanti invasion of
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1513:10.4324/9781351184076
1245:Amanor, Kojo (2001).
934:Ward, W.E.F. (2023).
459:In December 1772, an
263:Thomas Edward Bowdich
231:
150:. States such as the
1553:; Abitbol, Michael;
942:Taylor & Francis
259:hereditary positions
756:(29 October 2014).
408:, Wassa, Denkyira,
253:Kwadwoan Revolution
136:Kwadwoan Revolution
815:Ashgate Publishing
797:, pp. 455–456
506:was affirmed as a
445:Obirikorang Abodee
223:J.P.T. Huydecooper
190:Osei Kwadwo (born
182:as his successor.
175:Kingdom of Dahomey
1623:978-0-521-89432-6
1443:Ivor Wilks (1989)
1326:Ivor Wilks (1989)
1314:Ivor Wilks (1989)
1137:Ivor Wilks (1989)
1010:Ivor Wilks (1989)
862:Ivor Wilks (1989)
838:Ivor Wilks (1989)
795:Ivor Wilks (1989)
769:978-1-317-88265-7
569:Ivor Wilks (1989)
538:Osei Kwame Panyin
477:Cape Coast Castle
332:his settlement."
180:Osei Kwame Panyin
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69:Osei Kwame Panyin
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119:was the 4th
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1218:(2): 7–19.
591:(1): 1–10.
531:as well as
387:Kong Empire
341:Asantehemaa
317:Kusi Obodom
242:Huydecooper
195: 1735
140:meritocracy
129:Kusi Obodom
117:Osei Kwadwo
86: 1735
59:Kusi Obodom
55:Predecessor
48: 1764
24:Osei Kwadwo
1635:Categories
1583:Ivor Wilks
1574:9004083553
1538:Adu Boahen
689:0521204135
556:References
504:Togo hills
428:by 1766.
121:Asantehene
31:Asantehene
1531:241534274
1505:Routledge
1418:154886721
1373:162488820
1301:159966143
1232:151101141
1119:153355150
1059:155465956
1045:: 24–32.
997:163324050
906:162608255
740:159872590
651:155465956
637:: 24–32.
613:144362829
339:was made
335:In 1770,
308:Akwanmofo
229:stating;
186:Ascension
65:Successor
1585:(1989).
1557:(1988).
1462:(2012).
1293:41674620
1287:: 1–16.
1224:41406625
1051:41403567
643:41403567
544:See also
385:and the
379:Denkyira
296:Batahene
286:Asokwafo
240:—
205:against
144:Alliance
605:1157946
529:Akuapim
492:embassy
488:Kpengla
481:Dahomey
353:Akyaama
291:company
280:Ankobia
273:Reforms
211:Dahomey
123:of the
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500:Abomey
496:Kumasi
394:Dagbon
375:Gyaman
349:Kokofu
227:Elmina
215:Dwaben
171:Dagbon
50:– 1777
1565:Brill
1527:S2CID
1414:S2CID
1406:JSTOR
1369:S2CID
1361:JSTOR
1297:S2CID
1289:JSTOR
1228:S2CID
1220:JSTOR
1157:Brill
1115:S2CID
1107:JSTOR
1055:S2CID
1047:JSTOR
993:S2CID
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902:S2CID
894:JSTOR
736:S2CID
728:JSTOR
647:S2CID
639:JSTOR
609:S2CID
601:JSTOR
533:Sehwi
521:Assin
514:Death
469:Abora
465:Krobo
449:Accra
438:Assin
433:Abora
418:Coast
414:Fante
410:Twifo
406:Akyem
400:South
383:Wassa
371:Banda
365:North
347:from
345:stool
267:merit
167:Krobo
160:Fante
156:Banda
152:Assin
148:Akyem
104:Issue
41:Reign
1618:ISBN
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764:ISBN
684:ISBN
412:and
277:The
269:.
237:"...
235:Poku
219:hene
209:and
154:and
134:The
98:1777
92:Died
79:Born
29:4th
1509:doi
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207:Oyo
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