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103:
802:, a turn in the weather forced Popham to abandon the first attack. The expedition stayed at sea for another two days before on 18 May a captured ship revealed to Popham and Coote that the invasion craft at Flushing were making haste down the canal for Ostend and Dunkirk. With the weather having improved, it was decided that the attack should immediately go forward. The ships reached their various starting points at 1 a.m. on 19 May, by which time the wind had gotten up again and the sea was becoming rougher. Popham deliberated putting off the attack again, but was stopped in this from intelligence taken from a newly captured
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impossible to get any men off the beach. Coote found his communication with Popham's ships cut off, and on his own initiative attempted to send some boats of troops off to the ships. These boats quickly filled with water as they made way and the men on board only narrowly avoided being killed. Seeing that further attempts to get to sea were hopeless and expecting that the weather would moderate on the following day, Coote formed a position on the sandbanks, facing inland. There the engineers hastily constructed
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685:, he was only a junior captain in the Royal Navy, aged thirty-six. It was felt that if he was given command of such a large operation over the heads of many more senior officers it would do more harm than good. In order to force the Admiralty's hand in appointing him, Popham spoke to Grey and had him back his appointment; with this support Popham was give charge of the operation. This was the first of several delays that the operation went through.
696:. The Admiralty had initially promised that this force would be prepared and brought together for Popham before the end of April, within ten days of the plan being finalised, but this was not actually completed until four weeks later on 13 May. The landing force for the expedition was provided by the army, and was commanded by
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argues that as the destruction of the canal gates had the impact they had intended, the expedition was "a thoroughly well-designed, and brilliantly-executed enterprise". The
Admiralty was blamed for the loss of Coote, with it being suggested that had Popham come up against less opposition to his plan
813:
Hearing the news, Coote begged Popham for the landings to go ahead, expecting that by the time their mission had been completed the weather would have quietened enough that the troops could reembark safely. Popham put the landings into effect immediately without waiting for the troopships to organise
818:
3 miles (4.8 km) east of Ostend. The presence of
British troops was not first reported by the Dutch for several hours, and at 4:15 a.m. the Ostend batteries opened fire on the British ships of the two harbour parties. Popham's bomb ketches then began to return fire, quickly setting fires in the
832:
to the troops as they made their advance on the sluices. As they began to receive heavy damage, Popham started rotating the ships assigned to attack the Ostend batteries so that the distraction could continue on, but the ships then found that as the water around the batteries had lowered they could
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meant that he was still unable to do anything to assist Coote. The French force pushed the
British flanks in over a period of two hours of fighting, during which time Coote himself was badly injured while trying to rally the 11th. The decision was then made to capitulate, before which the Royal
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Coote's force then began to make its way back to the landing beach, finding minimal resistance as it did so and having only five casualties. They reached the beach at around 11 a.m., and Popham looked to re-embark them all by noon. The weather, however, had continued to worsen and it was now
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The force stayed at the ready in their positions through the following day and night, with the weather conditions getting steadily worse. News of the attack had since reached the surrounding settlements, and soldiers had been formed together from the garrisons at
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not get close enough to attack, leaving the batteries open to take aim at Coote's soldiers. In order to distract the guns while the mines were brought up to destroy the gates a request for surrender was sent to the commander of the Ostend garrison. Major-General
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Men were sent to ensure that the garrison could not send fresh defenders across from the town via the harbour ferry route, and defensive positions were taken up around the sluices. Portions of the 11th and 23rd light infantry took control of
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Popham only revealed his plans, which had been kept highly secret, to his men once the ships were at sea. Intending to make a quick crossing of the
English Channel, the ships were initially halted in this action by a violent
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ashore. The sea was so rough by this stage that he was persuaded by another ship to give up landing his reinforcements in case they were all killed in the attempt. The operation on shore continued, and at 10:20 a.m. the
1946:
Field of Mars: Being an
Alphabetical Digestion of the Principal Naval and Military Engagements, in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, Particularly of Great Britain and Her Allies, from the Ninth Century to the Present
775:, and only reached their destination on 16 May. Popham set out to begin the attack the same night. Five warships were assigned to attack the west of Ostend at first light, distracting enemy forces and destroying the
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The weather at sea continued to worsen after this and Coote looked to hurry the attack. At around 6 a.m. the warships assigned to the east side of Ostend harbour were sent towards the shore so that they could give
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that he was "extremely happy in the success of your very important and very well digested attempt upon Ostend", calling it a "complete success". Despite the failure to rescue Coote's force, naval historian
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were to respectively anchor to the north-north-west and east of the town to bombard it. The rest of the ships and Coote's soldiers would then be left to the main attack, for which Popham attached a
743:. A separate group of warships was initially planned to go to Dunkirk to ensure that no enemy ships could escape there to defend Ostend once the attack was underway, but this was later abandoned.
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emplaced there. Five other ships were to ensure that the mouth of Ostend harbour was kept open for the
British, and to attack any shipping they found to the east of the town. Two
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town and damaging ships in the canal basin. Apart from one troopship that had become separated during the night, Coote's soldiers were all landed with their equipment by 5 a.m.
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Popham was fully aware that the expedition was dangerous and might fail, and that his part in it was very unpopular with many members of the military. He sent a letter to the
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When it was clear the Coote had surrendered, Popham weighed anchor and moved out to sea. Plans had been made to follow up the Ostend operation with similar attacks on the
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537:. The British destroyed their objectives, but bad weather meant that the army contingent was unable to disembark, and after a brief fight were captured by the French.
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Artillery pushed its guns into the sea to stop them from being captured. Coote's force lost 163 men killed and wounded, with 1,134 men subsequently captured.
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677:, to whom Popham had to submit his idea, found his request to lead it problematic. While he had military experience of Flanders from his service as a
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requesting that if he was unsuccessful that
Spencer would ensure Popham's subsequent trial would be fair. The force was ready to set sail on 14 May.
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577:'s plans. These included the scouring of the archives to create a dossier of documents profiling how the English had planned to defend against the
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and at
Flushing, but these did not take place. Despite the ignominious end to Coote's force, the goal of the operation had been achieved.
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In 1798 the French
Revolutionary Wars were ongoing and France had for several years been threatening what would be the first of several
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gates and the new sluices. This would hamper the operational capability of the canal and interrupt French maritime movement between
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themselves, so that the de-embarkation was done out of the pre-arranged order. Coote's troops began to be landed, unobserved, on
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in April then it would have been put into action before the coming of the bad weather and the losses would have been avoided.
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directly opposing the
British with other units on the flanks. Popham observed the French attack from his ships but the
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formed with seamen from his largest vessels to bolster it. Another contingent of sailors were assigned to take the
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gates had been built but left unprotected. Grey put forward the plan on the recommendation of
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then succeeded with some of the Guards light infantry, 23rd and 49th grenadiers, and two
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in securing the approaches to the harbour, despite attacks from a multitude of
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commandeered some flat-bottomed boats and attempted to bring his four
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and sluices were blown up by a mixed party of sailors and engineers.
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were organised to go ahead of the force to show them the way in.
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Intelligence Branch, Quartermaster-General's Department (1884).
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of twenty-seven warships, of which five had been converted into
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1995:. Vol. 12. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 161–162.
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be made at Ostend where they could then destroy the canal's
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and Army of Reserve. In April a proposal was put forward by
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and the coastal road. At 9:30 a.m. the missing troopship,
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In order to avoid attacks by Royal Navy warships in the
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1949:. Vol. 2. G and J Robinson. 1801. p.
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791:ashore that would destroy the gates. Armed
673:The government supported the plan, but the
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1966:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
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688:For the operation Popham was given a
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2016:. 19 May 1798. pp. 421–425.
1992:Dictionary of National Biography
1986:"Coote, Eyre (1762-1824?)"
1975:. London: Philip Allan & Co.
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521:. The expedition was a combined
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2126:Battles involving Great Britain
1973:The Flower of England's Garland
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735:, and small contingents of the
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84:British landing force captured
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2050:history-related article is a
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2054:. You can help Knowledge by
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1229:Nominally of 28 guns. Armed
1161:Nominally of 32 guns. Armed
1135:Nominally of 38 guns. Armed
1109:Nominally of 38 guns. Armed
992:Nominally of 44 guns. Armed
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552:planned invasions of Britain
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1971:Manwaring, G. E. (1936).
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619:using the newly expanded
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649:, who suggested that an
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317:Croisière du Grand Hiver
1377:Bulkeley Macworth Praed
592:, the commander of the
2141:European history stubs
731:, the entirety of the
579:Spanish Armada of 1588
183:163 killed and wounded
137:Commanders and leaders
823:Canal gates destroyed
810:were all very small.
733:11th Regiment of Foot
729:49th Regiment of Foot
178:Casualties and losses
507:expedition to Ostend
337:Cornwallis's Retreat
81:objectives destroyed
32:Expedition to Ostend
1931:, pp. 195–196.
1907:, pp. 202–203.
1883:, pp. 201–202.
1832:, pp. 198–199.
1817:, pp. 197–198.
1805:, pp. 196–197.
1762:, pp. 194–195.
1703:, pp. 192–193.
1563:Notes and citations
741:17th Light Dragoons
721:grenadier companies
621:Bruges–Ostend Canal
583:Provisional Cavalry
519:Bruges–Ostend Canal
79:Bruges–Ostend Canal
2013:The London Gazette
944:Sir Julian Corbett
889:and the available
862:Lieutenant-Colonel
651:amphibious landing
447:Croisière de Bruix
412:ĂŽles Saint-Marcouf
230:Revolutionary Wars
18:Ostend Raid (1798)
2116:Conflicts in 1798
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1733:, pp. 27–28.
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988:Home Riggs Popham
936:Foreign Secretary
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598:Southern District
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751:Lord Spencer
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719:, light and
717:Third Guards
687:
672:
669:Organisation
625:Sas-Slijkens
623:. At nearby
602:
594:British Army
549:
527:British Army
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505:The British
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452:Malta Convoy
416:
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362:Newfoundland
357:Saldanha Bay
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283:
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95:Belligerents
37:Part of the
26:
2008:"No. 15017"
1501:Lieutenant
1480:Lieutenant
1459:Lieutenant
1438:Lieutenant
1417:Lieutenant
1396:Lieutenant
1375:Lieutenant
1354:Lieutenant
1333:Lieutenant
1272:Thomas Hand
1084:Henry Raper
887:breastworks
874:canal locks
865:Henry Warde
681:during the
628: [
531:Home Popham
437:Tory Island
422:Dives River
2095:Categories
1939:References
1312:Commander
1291:Commander
1270:Commander
1249:Commander
1223:Commander
1202:Commander
1181:Commander
1155:Commander
1129:Commander
1103:Commander
978:Expedition
964:Commander
891:field guns
839:field guns
804:pilot boat
757:Expedition
713:Coldstream
701:Eyre Coote
694:troopships
647:Royal Navy
541:Background
535:Eyre Coote
523:Royal Navy
467:Copenhagen
396:Camperdown
391:Santa Cruz
386:Jean-Rabel
332:April 1795
312:Den Helder
147:Eyre Coote
1683:Citations
1597:Wolverine
1554:S. Bevel
1537:T. Lewen
1304:Wolverine
1000:troopship
922:Aftermath
915:sea state
895:howitzers
869:companies
816:sandbanks
808:garrisons
777:batteries
723:from the
707:from the
675:Admiralty
472:Algeciras
327:2nd Genoa
306:Alexander
274:1st Genoa
259:Embuscade
252:Cléopâtre
1947:Period..
1666:Tartarus
1645:Vigilant
1583:Champion
1513:Vigilant
1262:Tartarus
1231:en flute
1163:en flute
1137:en flute
1111:en flute
1082:Captain
1074:Champion
1061:Captain
1040:Captain
1019:Captain
995:en flute
986:Captain
762:Landings
690:squadron
663:Flanders
609:Flushing
575:Napoleon
567:flotilla
546:Planning
489:Boulogne
295:May 1794
290:Guernsey
280:Crescent
242:Sardinia
168:27 ships
163:Strength
57:Location
2048:Belgian
1632:Cracker
1529:Terrier
1493:Cracker
1451:Furnace
1121:Minerva
1053:Ariadne
928:Scheldt
911:columns
857:Minerva
851:Bredene
800:signals
793:cutters
659:Holland
645:of the
640:Captain
617:Dunkirk
587:General
457:Dunkirk
406:Hercule
367:Ireland
284:RĂ©union
226:of the
149: (
2111:Ostend
1648:, and
1607:, and
1346:Vesuve
1325:Blazer
1194:Savage
1032:Vestal
967:Notes
907:Bruges
715:, and
636:sluice
634:large
613:Ostend
515:Ostend
417:Ostend
347:Hyères
300:Ushant
269:Toulon
263:Boston
248:Nymphe
228:French
120:France
73:Result
62:Ostend
2046:This
1673:Hecla
1652:Biter
1611:Acute
1604:Crash
1568:Notes
1472:Biter
1409:Acute
1388:Boxer
1367:Crash
1283:Hecla
1173:Harpy
1147:Druid
1011:Circe
998:as a
970:Ref.
961:Guns
958:Ship
903:Ghent
789:mines
709:First
655:basin
632:]
462:Malta
442:Texel
342:Groix
2052:stub
1671:HMS
1669:and
1664:HMS
1650:HMS
1637:HMS
1630:HMS
1625:Kite
1623:HMS
1609:HMS
1602:HMS
1595:HMS
1590:Dart
1588:HMS
1581:HMS
1546:Lion
1491:HMS
1470:HMS
1449:HMS
1428:HMS
1407:HMS
1386:HMS
1365:HMS
1344:HMS
1323:HMS
1302:HMS
1281:HMS
1260:HMS
1241:Kite
1239:HMS
1215:Dart
1213:HMS
1192:HMS
1171:HMS
1145:HMS
1119:HMS
1095:Hebe
1093:HMS
1072:HMS
1051:HMS
1030:HMS
1009:HMS
976:HMS
893:and
855:HMS
773:Kent
769:gale
739:and
727:and
725:23rd
615:and
525:and
494:Mahé
427:Nile
404:vs.
402:Mars
282:vs.
261:vs.
250:vs.
49:Date
1955:357
1951:353
1639:Asp
1551:10
1534:12
1498:12
1477:12
1456:12
1435:12
1430:Asp
1414:12
1393:12
1372:12
1330:12
1309:16
1246:16
1220:16
1199:16
1178:16
1152:12
1126:14
1100:14
1079:20
1058:20
1037:28
1016:28
983:26
611:to
596:'s
482:2nd
477:1st
152:POW
2097::
2010:.
1989:.
1849:^
1822:^
1779:^
1738:^
1723:^
1708:^
1691:^
1642:,
1635:,
1628:,
1600:,
1593:,
1586:,
1518:6
1351:4
1288:8
1267:8
905:,
845:.
711:,
661:,
630:ne
64:,
2083:e
2076:t
2069:v
2058:.
1957:.
1953:–
214:e
207:t
200:v
155:)
20:)
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