347:
875:
861:
226:
889:
358:, which claimed sovereignty over all land, discovered or undiscovered in what is now the Canadian Arctic. The dispute was not settled until 1930 when Norway ceded the islands to Canada. In that year Sverdrup signed a deal with the Canadian Government, who would buy the records of Sverdrup's expeditions for $ 67,000 Canadian dollars. Sverdrup died just two weeks after the deal was signed, but the money secured the future of his family. The records were archived in the
435:
31:
343:, and 35 academic publications were penned as a result of the expedition. Upon Sverdrup's return in Norway, he was treated as a national hero. However, he remains relatively unknown in North America, and relatively unknown for his Canadian exploration in Norway.
197:
where his uncle Søren worked in transportation with his own vessels. Here
Sverdrup started his career as a seaman and after a while he was sailing abroad. In 1875, he passed his mate's examination, and some years later the shipmaster's examination.
742:
746:
339:
methods, Sverdrup and his crew were able to chart a total of 260,000 square kilometers - more than any other polar exploration. The area was famously mapped by his topographer,
3435:
296:, he and his crew explored and named many uncharted fjords and peninsulas on the western shores of the island, explaining the Norwegian names, such as
414:. The ships reached their destinations and returned safely. This was considered an important step in the development of the Kara Sea sector of the
516:
in the First World War, causing the deaths of hundreds of
Norwegian sailors. The day before Sverdrup's return of his order, fellow explorer
2597:
920:
118:
as a son of farmer Ulrik
Frederik Suhm Sverdrup (1833–1914) and his wife Petra Neumann Knoph (1831–1885). He was a great-grandnephew of
1558:
261:
was built. In 1893 Sverdrup was given command of the ship, and in 1895 he was left in charge of it while Nansen attempted to reach the
205:. At this time O. T. Olsen, a teacher and employee in the bank at Kolvereid and a relative of his mother, had purchased the steamboat
3978:
1193:
1201:
3553:
2559:
972:
4049:
3150:
2748:
2336:
185:. As oldest son Otto was heir to the Sverdrup properties at Buøy. However, he left it all to his younger brothers and went to
3942:
818:
209:. Sverdrup was employed as captain. Around this time Sverdrup also met the lawyer Alexander Nansen who lived in the town of
1888:
2753:
3836:
3517:
3339:
3229:
2998:
1587:
1536:
189:
in Bindal, to the farm named Hårstad, where Otto
Sverdrup was born. In 1872, at the age of 17, Otto Sverdrup returned to
4059:
3287:
2868:
2807:
354:
Sverdrup officially claimed all three islands he discovered for Norway in 1902, setting off a sovereignty dispute with
127:
3310:
715:
686:
319:, continuing to explore and map, culminating in the discovery of the islands to the west of Ellesmere Island, namely
4039:
3388:
3619:
3605:
3579:
3416:
1387:
913:
824:
163:
2310:
4079:
3442:
3412:
1755:
1745:
1329:
1031:
505:
478:
3053:
3215:
2725:
1858:
856:
509:
467:
4069:
395:. Sverdrup's fourth and last expedition in Arctic Siberian waters was in 1921, when, from the bridge of the
315:
Between 1899 and 1902, he overwintered three more times on
Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic with the
4044:
3124:
3010:
2853:
1899:
1360:
1128:
497:
170:, and Otto himself married his own first cousin, Gretha Andrea Engelschiøn (1866–1937), in October 1891 in
151:
4074:
4054:
3572:
3194:
3028:
2969:
2923:
1152:
1041:
359:
238:
139:
135:
346:
4064:
3932:
2657:
2631:
2624:
2075:
1976:
1968:
1951:
1569:
1115:
967:
906:
482:
463:
363:
2364:
791:
3755:
3365:
3061:
2860:
2645:
2527:
2330:
2212:
2063:
1912:
1850:
1837:
1710:
1436:
1088:
635:
573:
305:
659:
3905:
3496:
3490:
3408:
3282:
3067:
2793:
2669:
2519:
2407:
2191:
490:
123:
1207:
454:
in 1957, and in 1999 a statue of
Sverdrup was erected in Sandvika, in the square named after him,
3972:
3635:
2788:
2662:
2582:
2091:
1918:
1120:
399:
301:
190:
3910:
3476:
1408:
477:
in 1896, and promoted to Grand Cross in 1902. In addition, he was awarded gold medals from the
182:
2743:
450:
on a hill overlooking the town. He died in
November 1930. A statue of Sverdrup was erected in
3915:
3884:
3689:
3642:
3541:
3345:
3264:
3207:
2956:
2950:
2800:
2758:
2720:
2700:
2295:
2070:
1906:
1816:
1798:
1715:
1686:
1676:
1564:
1501:
1275:
626:
602:
1956:
834:
270:
4034:
4029:
3769:
3761:
3704:
3292:
3156:
3082:
3074:
2874:
2814:
2773:
2386:
2377:
2248:
2243:
2147:
2011:
1768:
1730:
1337:
1107:
1075:
1019:
999:
504:
in Oslo on 25 October 1917 declared that he was returning the order in protest against the
459:
328:
324:
155:
147:
3137:
1542:
1525:
708:
Ships of Wood and Men of Iron: A Norwegian-Canadian Saga of
Exploration in the High Arctic
564:
8:
3890:
3812:
3277:
3200:
3116:
2897:
2889:
2838:
2478:
2436:
1931:
1894:
1783:
1547:
1417:
1220:
1025:
836:
320:
115:
95:
58:
1530:
860:
377:
in 1914–1915. His aim was to search for two missing Arctic expeditions, that of
Captain
280:, a passenger ship to and from Svalbard. In 1898 he embarked on another expedition with
3611:
3503:
3484:
3048:
3023:
2565:
2459:
2423:
2399:
2290:
2137:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2004:
1982:
1961:
1842:
1832:
1579:
1467:
1395:
1068:
1059:
1051:
962:
942:
874:
415:
392:
369:
One of
Sverdrup's lesser known exploits was a search-and-rescue expedition aboard ship
787:
3983:
3789:
3783:
3739:
3724:
3653:
3625:
3533:
3470:
3380:
3352:
3332:
3270:
3178:
3142:
3016:
2983:
2976:
2929:
2911:
2828:
2577:
2446:
2394:
2300:
2253:
2181:
2170:
1882:
1872:
1864:
1760:
1750:
1661:
1656:
1639:
1605:
1472:
1459:
1280:
1186:
1144:
1139:
929:
884:
814:
711:
682:
474:
4000:
3732:
3424:
3304:
3130:
3103:
3043:
2918:
2848:
2833:
2572:
2501:
2496:
2470:
2465:
2347:
2270:
2223:
1990:
1810:
1775:
1671:
1666:
1600:
1514:
1296:
1288:
1174:
1094:
1046:
1036:
1009:
893:
852:
451:
447:
423:
388:
332:
293:
202:
201:
In 1877 Sverdrup's parents moved from Bindal to the farm Trana outside the town of
175:
159:
3990:
3937:
3922:
3828:
3823:
3747:
3712:
3648:
3547:
3462:
3429:
3161:
2944:
2936:
2905:
2821:
2781:
2535:
2491:
2431:
2355:
2325:
2320:
2280:
2258:
2206:
2142:
2132:
2083:
1805:
1790:
1643:
1612:
1574:
1324:
1252:
1246:
1169:
1134:
994:
676:
486:
378:
340:
309:
252:
244:
214:
143:
2513:
880:
3964:
3947:
3900:
3859:
3849:
3818:
3677:
3667:
3559:
3509:
3374:
3324:
3297:
3242:
3038:
3033:
2882:
2735:
2589:
2551:
2508:
2441:
2415:
2369:
2342:
2315:
2285:
2228:
2186:
2176:
2056:
2049:
1946:
1926:
1738:
1698:
1629:
1425:
1400:
1355:
1319:
1313:
1305:
1265:
1260:
1234:
1214:
982:
560:
517:
402:, he commanded a convoy of five cargo ships on an experimental run through the
131:
119:
4023:
3927:
3869:
3864:
3854:
3804:
3799:
3775:
3719:
3596:
3590:
3585:
3184:
3095:
3088:
2843:
2638:
2617:
2485:
2263:
2233:
2201:
2196:
1939:
1822:
1430:
1380:
1373:
1365:
1270:
1014:
866:
382:
210:
783:
225:
3958:
3952:
3564:
3528:
3394:
3221:
3171:
3110:
2964:
2652:
2603:
2453:
2275:
2238:
2218:
2159:
1693:
1681:
1624:
1552:
1453:
1350:
1344:
1241:
1229:
1102:
1080:
1004:
957:
870:
835:
Otto Neumann Sverdrup; Per Schei; Herman Georg Simmons; Edvard Bay (1904),
396:
297:
289:
167:
661:
Arctic adventures: Adapted from New land: four years in the Arctic regions
3995:
3895:
3843:
3661:
3448:
3236:
2611:
2543:
2305:
2164:
2127:
2027:
2019:
1827:
1163:
257:
217:
and through him Sverdrup and Fridtjof Nansen learned to know each other.
194:
3794:
3697:
3681:
3523:
3456:
3357:
2766:
2715:
2675:
1997:
1723:
1651:
1593:
986:
954:
630:
568:
285:
262:
3316:
2153:
1705:
1488:
434:
248:
99:
898:
796:(in Norwegian) (3rd, revised ed.). Oslo: Cappelen. p. 172.
186:
3248:
501:
443:
407:
403:
374:
266:
3875:
3255:
1520:
1496:
1484:
411:
2042:
30:
2121:
1446:
513:
496:
Sverdrup had also been made a Knight 1st Class of the Prussian
355:
103:
62:
1507:
597:
336:
419:
276:
In the summer of 1897 Sverdrup worked as the shipmaster of
171:
782:
829:
Otto Sverdrup to the rescue of the Russian Imperial Navy
418:. Sverdrup also has an unsuccessful business venture in
273:, arriving just 4 days after Nansen had reached Norway.
2712:
265:. Sverdrup managed to free the ship from the ice near
174:. Their daughter Audhild Sverdrup (1893–1932) married
772:. No. 36897. London. 13 October 1902. p. 6.
284:. Sverdrup attempted to circumnavigate Greenland via
102:– 26 November 1930) was a Norwegian sailor and
229:
Photograph of Otto Sverdrup on the first journey of
4021:
812:Der isen aldri går. Et år i Otto Sverdrups rike
470:frigate, in honor of the mariner and explorer.
914:
500:in 1902, but in an open letter to the German
657:
921:
907:
873:
859:
838:New land: four years in the Arctic regions
109:
29:
473:He was made a Commander 1st Class of the
220:
3979:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
790:; Storm, Henning; Solheim, John (1957).
702:
700:
698:
595:
433:
429:
345:
224:
3554:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
639:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
606:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
577:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
442:The last years of his life he lived in
4022:
678:Swedes in Canada: Invisible Immigrants
555:
553:
2698:
940:
928:
902:
695:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
520:had also returned his German awards.
745:. Bærum municipality. Archived from
674:
624:
3340:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1537:Norse colonization of North America
740:
13:
2869:United States Exploring Expedition
841:, London, Longmans, Green, and Co.
804:
589:
530:
288:but failed to make it through the
14:
4091:
3943:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3311:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
846:
559:
475:Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav
362:, but were later returned to the
350:Sverdrup's explorations 1898-1902
3837:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3230:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
793:Norge under Haakon VII 1905-1957
741:Moe, Liv Frøysaa (28 May 2008).
134:, second cousin once removed of
126:, first cousin twice removed of
890:Works by or about Otto Sverdrup
776:
681:. University of Toronto Press.
658:Otto Neumann, Sverdrup (1959).
251:. In 1892 he was an advisor to
181:His father was born on Buøy in
176:Carl Johan Sverdrup Marstrander
761:
734:
721:
668:
651:
618:
600:. In Henriksen, Petter (ed.).
479:Norwegian Geographical Society
422:, a plantation project in the
1:
4050:Norwegian expatriates in Cuba
3216:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3151:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
2699:
857:Biodiversity Heritage Library
523:
269:in August 1896 and sailed to
247:'s expedition of 1888 across
166:. He was a brother-in-law of
16:Norwegian sailor and explorer
3573:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3389:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3195:French Antarctic Expeditions
3125:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3011:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1129:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
810:Guldborg Søvik og Lars Hole
729:Sverdrup's Arctic Adventures
331:, collectively known as the
7:
2658:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2337:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1202:Andrée's balloon expedition
675:Barr, Elinor (2015-07-27).
360:National Archives of Canada
92:Otto Neumann Knoph Sverdrup
10:
4096:
1859:Franklin's lost expedition
1559:Christian IV's expeditions
941:
483:Royal Geographical Society
364:National Library of Norway
292:. Forced to overwinter on
236:
4060:Norwegian polar explorers
3676:
3407:
2994:
2734:
2711:
2707:
2694:
2213:Great Northern Expedition
2107:
1889:Rae–Richardson expedition
1638:
1483:
1089:British Arctic Expedition
981:
953:
949:
936:
636:Norsk biografisk leksikon
574:Norsk biografisk leksikon
485:in 1903, and received an
81:
69:
44:
40:
28:
21:
3497:British Antarctic Survey
3491:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2736:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
664:. Longmans. p. 215.
596:Bratberg, Terje (2007).
491:University of St Andrews
304:(after the Swedish king
239:Nansen's Fram expedition
213:. He was the brother of
124:Jacob Liv Borch Sverdrup
4040:Explorers of the Arctic
3973:Pole of inaccessibility
3636:Antarctic Treaty System
1977:2nd Grinnell expedition
302:Prince Gustav Adolf Sea
110:Early and personal life
881:Works by Otto Sverdrup
867:Works by Otto Sverdrup
853:Works by Otto Sverdrup
731:, p. 272. London 1959.
439:
351:
234:
221:Career and expeditions
183:Kolvereid Municipality
4080:People from Steinkjer
3643:Transglobe Expedition
3542:Operation Deep Freeze
2951:Challenger expedition
1817:Coppermine expedition
1338:Drifting ice stations
603:Store norske leksikon
437:
430:Later life and legacy
406:to the mouths of the
349:
228:
164:Harald Ulrik Sverdrup
94:(31 October 1854, in
35:Otto Sverdrup in 1898
625:Ringstad, Jan Erik.
506:unrestricted warfare
460:Royal Norwegian Navy
456:Otto Sverdrups plass
300:("main island") and
4045:Explorers of Canada
3813:South magnetic pole
2479:Brusilov expedition
1588:Danish colonization
1026:North magnetic pole
464:HNoMS Otto Sverdrup
116:Bindal Municipality
96:Bindal Municipality
4075:People from Bindal
4055:Norwegian planters
3504:Operation Windmill
3485:Operation Highjump
2460:Rusanov expedition
2365:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2109:North East Passage
1913:McClure expedition
768:"Court Circular".
627:"Carl Marstrander"
498:Order of the Crown
446:, at the property
440:
416:Northern Sea Route
352:
235:
191:Nærøy Municipality
146:, third cousin of
4070:People from Bærum
4065:Norwegian sailors
4017:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4008:
3471:Operation Tabarin
3333:Far Eastern Party
3179:Nimrod Expedition
2690:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2249:M. Pronchishcheva
2171:Siberian Cossacks
1640:Northwest Passage
973:Research stations
930:Polar exploration
885:Project Gutenberg
819:978-82-91948-08-9
462:commissioned the
438:Sverdrup in 1928.
89:
88:
4087:
3518:Ronne Expedition
3003:
2997:
2861:Dumont d'Urville
2709:
2708:
2696:
2695:
2244:V. Pronchishchev
951:
950:
938:
937:
923:
916:
909:
900:
899:
894:Internet Archive
877:
863:
842:
798:
797:
788:Barlaup, Asbjørn
780:
774:
773:
765:
759:
758:
756:
754:
738:
732:
725:
719:
704:
693:
692:
672:
666:
665:
655:
649:
648:
646:
644:
622:
616:
615:
613:
611:
593:
587:
586:
584:
582:
557:
481:in 1889 and the
424:Oriente Province
400:Icebreaker Lenin
389:Vladimir Rusanov
333:Sverdrup Islands
294:Ellesmere Island
243:Sverdrup joined
76:
73:26 November 1930
65:
54:
52:
33:
19:
18:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4005:
3680:
3672:
3548:McMurdo Station
3417:Modern research
3415:
3403:
3138:O. Nordenskjöld
3001:
2995:
2990:
2906:Ross expedition
2730:
2703:
2682:
2111:
2103:
1644:Northern Canada
1642:
1634:
1487:
1479:
985:
977:
945:
932:
927:
849:
807:
805:Further reading
802:
801:
781:
777:
767:
766:
762:
752:
750:
739:
735:
727:T. C. Fairley,
726:
722:
705:
696:
689:
673:
669:
656:
652:
642:
640:
623:
619:
609:
607:
594:
590:
580:
578:
565:"Otto Sverdrup"
561:Hegge, Per Egil
558:
531:
526:
487:honorary degree
458:. In 2008, the
432:
379:Georgy Brusilov
341:Gunnar Isachsen
310:Canadian Arctic
306:Gustav VI Adolf
253:Fridtjof Nansen
245:Fridtjof Nansen
241:
223:
215:Fridtjof Nansen
144:Edvard Sverdrup
114:He was born in
112:
85:Arctic explorer
74:
57:
56:
55:31 October 1854
50:
48:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4093:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3965:Vostok Station
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3916:Cherry-Garrard
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3756:Southern Cross
3752:
3751:
3750:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3722:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3686:
3684:
3678:Farthest South
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3639:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3588:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3550:
3545:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3439:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3375:Ross Sea party
3371:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3336:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3240:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3175:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3069:Southern Cross
3062:Southern Cross
3058:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3006:
3004:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2927:
2921:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2808:Bellingshausen
2798:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2705:
2704:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2667:
2655:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2117:
2115:
2113:Russian Arctic
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1555:
1550:
1548:Snæbjörn galti
1545:
1540:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1450:
1443:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1415:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1341:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1105:
1100:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
991:
989:
983:Farthest North
979:
978:
976:
975:
970:
965:
960:
947:
946:
934:
933:
926:
925:
918:
911:
903:
897:
896:
887:
878:
864:
848:
847:External links
845:
844:
843:
832:
822:
806:
803:
800:
799:
775:
760:
749:on 5 June 2011
733:
720:
706:Gerard Kenney
694:
687:
667:
650:
617:
588:
528:
527:
525:
522:
518:Roald Amundsen
512:by the German
431:
428:
335:. In adopting
255:when the ship
222:
219:
132:Johan Sverdrup
120:Georg Sverdrup
111:
108:
87:
86:
83:
82:Known for
79:
78:
77:(aged 76)
71:
67:
66:
46:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4092:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3096:Discovery Hut
3094:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3000:
2993:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2626:A. Sibiryakov
2623:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2598:Glavsevmorput
2595:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1900:J. Richardson
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:M. Corte-Real
1660:
1658:
1657:G. Corte-Real
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:C. Richardson
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1389:Georgiy Sedov
1385:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1276:Riiser-Larsen
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
990:
988:
984:
980:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
952:
948:
944:
939:
935:
931:
924:
919:
917:
912:
910:
905:
904:
901:
895:
891:
888:
886:
882:
879:
876:
872:
868:
865:
862:
858:
854:
851:
850:
840:
839:
833:
830:
826:
823:
820:
816:
813:
809:
808:
795:
794:
789:
785:
779:
771:
764:
748:
744:
737:
730:
724:
717:
716:0-88977-168-5
713:
709:
703:
701:
699:
690:
688:9781442695153
684:
680:
679:
671:
663:
662:
654:
638:
637:
632:
628:
621:
605:
604:
599:
592:
576:
575:
570:
566:
562:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
529:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
436:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
348:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:Ellef Ringnes
326:
325:Amund Ringnes
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:
254:
250:
246:
240:
232:
227:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
84:
80:
72:
68:
64:
60:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
23:Otto Sverdrup
20:
3971:
3959:Pole of Cold
3957:
3883:
3874:
3842:
3835:
3811:
3782:
3768:
3762:Borchgrevink
3754:
3741:
3726:
3706:
3691:
3660:
3641:
3634:
3618:
3604:
3595:
3578:
3571:
3552:
3540:
3516:
3502:
3495:
3483:
3469:
3455:
3441:
3434:
3395:
3387:
3373:
3366:
3364:
3346:
3338:
3331:
3318:
3309:
3271:
3263:
3254:
3247:
3235:
3228:
3214:
3202:Pourquoi-Pas
3201:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3172:Orcadas Base
3170:
3162:
3149:
3143:C. A. Larsen
3131:
3123:
3109:
3102:
3089:
3081:
3075:Borchgrevink
3068:
3060:
3017:
3009:
2984:C. A. Larsen
2977:
2958:
2949:
2931:
2913:
2904:
2891:
2876:
2867:
2854:
2815:
2801:
2794:
2775:
2760:
2670:
2663:
2646:
2639:
2625:
2610:
2596:
2583:
2558:
2544:
2542:
2528:
2526:
2520:
2518:
2484:
2477:
2458:
2424:
2422:
2408:
2406:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2356:
2354:
2335:
2211:
2169:
2152:
2120:
2084:
2082:
2062:
2061:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2013:
1998:
1984:
1975:
1962:
1933:
1921:Investigator
1920:
1911:
1887:
1874:
1866:
1857:
1844:
1815:
1792:
1777:
1762:
1732:
1717:
1687:
1617:
1606:
1586:
1557:
1553:Erik the Red
1535:
1513:
1506:
1463:submersibles
1460:
1454:Arktika 2007
1452:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1419:
1410:
1407:
1388:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1343:
1336:
1312:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1287:
1253:
1251:
1222:
1219:
1208:S. A. Andrée
1200:
1187:
1179:
1162:
1154:
1151:
1127:
1109:
1096:
1087:
1069:
1060:
1058:
1024:
871:Open Library
837:
828:
825:William Barr
811:
792:
778:
769:
763:
751:. Retrieved
747:the original
736:
728:
723:
707:
677:
670:
660:
653:
641:. Retrieved
634:
620:
608:. Retrieved
601:
591:
579:. Retrieved
572:
495:
472:
468:Nansen class
455:
441:
387:and that of
383:
370:
368:
353:
321:Axel Heiberg
316:
314:
298:Hoved Island
290:Nares Strait
281:
277:
275:
256:
242:
230:
206:
200:
180:
168:Johan Vaaler
128:Harald Ulrik
113:
91:
90:
75:(1930-11-26)
4035:1930 deaths
4030:1854 births
3662:Lake Vostok
3612:Tryoshnikov
3534:Schlossbach
3425:Christensen
3367:James Caird
3288:E. R. Evans
3054:Dobrowolski
3024:de Gerlache
2726:Expeditions
2612:Aviaarktika
2566:Samoylovich
2437:Kolomeitsev
2331:Middendorff
2291:Gedenshtrom
1711:I. Fyodorov
1473:Chilingarov
1361:E. Fyodorov
968:Expeditions
784:Hølaas, Odd
753:11 February
643:12 February
631:Helle, Knut
610:12 February
581:12 February
569:Helle, Knut
510:being waged
148:Georg Johan
4024:Categories
3885:Terra Nova
3790:Shackleton
3733:J. C. Ross
3692:Resolution
3682:South Pole
3457:New Swabia
3381:Mackintosh
3353:Shackleton
3272:Terra Nova
3265:Terra Nova
2999:Heroic Age
2959:Challenger
2919:J. C. Ross
2829:Bransfield
2761:Resolution
2676:icebreaker
2640:Chelyuskin
2381:expedition
2359:Expedition
2301:Matyushkin
2259:Kh. Laptev
2254:Chelyuskin
2148:Heemskerck
2138:Chancellor
2133:Willoughby
2128:Koch boats
2071:Stefansson
2005:McClintock
1969:Inglefield
1811:J. C. Ross
1718:Resolution
1570:Cunningham
1468:Sagalevich
1157:expedition
1116:Stephenson
1076:C. F. Hall
1063:expedition
1037:J. C. Ross
1000:Heemskerck
987:North Pole
743:"Homewood"
598:"Sverdrup"
524:References
286:Baffin Bay
263:North Pole
237:See also:
172:Kristiania
106:explorer.
51:1854-10-31
3984:Tolstikov
3770:Discovery
3740:HMS
3725:HMS
3707:Adventure
3705:HMS
3690:HMS
3626:Tolstikov
3347:Endurance
3132:Antarctic
3117:Drygalski
3090:Discovery
3083:Discovery
3044:Arctowski
2957:HMS
2930:HMS
2924:Abernethy
2912:HMS
2890:USS
2877:Vincennes
2875:USS
2855:Astrolabe
2795:San Telmo
2776:Adventure
2774:HMS
2759:HMS
2754:Kerguelen
2716:Continent
2701:Antarctic
2578:Urvantsev
2536:Vilkitsky
2389:Jeannette
2387:USS
2379:Jeannette
2343:Weyprecht
2321:Pakhtusov
2271:Chichagov
2264:D. Laptev
2207:Permyakov
2182:Stadukhin
2177:Perfilyev
2154:Mangazeya
2092:H. Larsen
2057:Rasmussen
2012:HMS
1983:USS
1932:HMS
1919:HMS
1883:Collinson
1873:HMS
1865:HMS
1843:HMS
1791:HMS
1776:HMS
1761:HMS
1746:Mackenzie
1733:Discovery
1731:HMS
1716:HMS
1688:Discovery
1667:Frobisher
1630:Rasmussen
1543:Gunnbjörn
1489:Greenland
1418:USS
1409:USS
1281:Ellsworth
1223:Roosevelt
1153:Nansen's
1110:Discovery
1108:HMS
1095:HMS
1042:Abernethy
1010:Marmaduke
770:The Times
452:Steinkjer
426:in 1904.
308:) in the
249:Greenland
203:Steinkjer
100:Helgeland
3996:A. Fuchs
3953:V. Fuchs
3933:McKinley
3896:E. Evans
3855:Bjaaland
3850:Amundsen
3800:Marshall
3713:Furneaux
3565:V. Fuchs
3529:E. Ronne
3524:F. Ronne
3463:Ritscher
3317:SY
3305:Filchner
3249:Framheim
3243:Amundsen
3049:Racoviță
3034:Amundsen
3029:Lecointe
2898:Ringgold
2892:Porpoise
2782:Furneaux
2618:Shevelev
2573:Begichev
2552:Amundsen
2514:Nagórski
2492:Brusilov
2486:Sv. Anna
2400:Melville
2370:Palander
2326:Tsivolko
2286:Sannikov
2281:Billings
2224:Chirikov
2143:Barentsz
2085:St. Roch
2076:Bartlett
2050:Amundsen
2034:Sverdrup
1934:Resolute
1823:Franklin
1751:Kotzebue
1618:Sverdrup
1601:Scoresby
1575:Lindenov
1426:Plaisted
1411:Nautilus
1356:Shirshov
1330:Belyakov
1325:Baydukov
1299:Nautilus
1261:Amundsen
1221:SS
1180:Sverdrup
1175:Johansen
1145:Brainard
1140:Lockwood
995:Barentsz
502:legation
448:Homewood
444:Sandvika
404:Kara Sea
393:Gerkules
384:St. Anna
375:Kara Sea
271:Skjervøy
267:Svalbard
195:Ottersøy
4001:Messner
3948:Hillary
3928:Balchen
3876:Polheim
3870:Wisting
3748:Crozier
3720:Weddell
3698:J. Cook
3668:Kapitsa
3649:Fiennes
3591:Klenova
3560:Hillary
3510:Ketchum
3436:BANZARE
3411:·
3256:Polheim
3222:Shirase
3208:Charcot
3018:Belgica
2937:Crozier
2849:Morrell
2844:Weddell
2822:Lazarev
2767:J. Cook
2721:History
2671:Arktika
2647:Krassin
2632:Voronin
2604:Schmidt
2590:Ushakov
2529:Vaygach
2497:Albanov
2466:Rusanov
2447:Kolchak
2442:Matisen
2416:Makarov
2395:De Long
2296:Wrangel
2276:Lyakhov
2229:Malygin
2187:Dezhnev
2014:Pandora
1985:Advance
1952:Kennedy
1947:Belcher
1940:Kellett
1927:McClure
1851:Beechey
1845:Blossom
1838:Simpson
1806:Crozier
1799:Hoppner
1756:J. Ross
1724:J. Cook
1672:Gilbert
1565:J. Hall
1531:Ingólfr
1521:Naddodd
1515:Vikings
1502:Brendan
1497:Pytheas
1485:Iceland
1439:Arktika
1431:Herbert
1396:Badygin
1366:Krenkel
1351:Papanin
1320:Chkalov
1306:Wilkins
1271:Wisting
1215:F. Cook
1121:Markham
1081:Bessels
1070:Polaris
1061:Polaris
1032:J. Ross
1015:Carolus
963:History
892:at the
633:(ed.).
571:(ed.).
514:U-boats
489:at the
412:Yenisei
391:on the
381:on the
373:in the
278:Lofoten
3911:Bowers
3906:Wilson
3865:Hassel
3860:Helmer
3829:Mackay
3819:Mawson
3784:Nimrod
3742:Terror
3727:Erebus
3654:Burton
3449:Rymill
3325:Mawson
3319:Aurora
3298:Lashly
3283:Wilson
3186:Nimrod
3163:Scotia
2970:Murray
2945:Cooper
2932:Terror
2914:Erebus
2883:Wilkes
2834:Palmer
2802:Vostok
2749:Bouvet
2673:-class
2653:Gakkel
2521:Taymyr
2502:Konrad
2471:Kuchin
2409:Yermak
2316:Lavrov
2234:Ovtsyn
2219:Bering
2197:Ivanov
2160:Hudson
2122:Pomors
2099:Cowper
2064:Karluk
1963:Isabel
1957:Bellot
1907:Austin
1875:Terror
1867:Erebus
1763:Griper
1739:Clerke
1699:Baffin
1682:Hudson
1613:Nansen
1526:Garðar
1447:Barneo
1314:ANT-25
1290:Italia
1266:Nobile
1235:Henson
1194:Amedeo
1170:Nansen
1135:Greely
1005:Hudson
943:Arctic
821:, 2001
817:
718:, 1984
714:
685:
397:Soviet
371:Eklips
356:Canada
211:Namsos
187:Åbygda
104:Arctic
63:Norway
59:Bindal
3991:Crary
3938:Dufek
3901:Oates
3891:Scott
3824:David
3805:Adams
3776:Barne
3597:Mirny
3586:Somov
3396:Quest
3293:Crean
3278:Scott
3157:Bruce
3111:Gauss
3104:Gauss
2978:Jason
2965:Nares
2839:Davis
2816:Mirny
2789:Smith
2744:Roché
2664:Lenin
2584:Sadko
2509:Wiese
2454:Sedov
2425:Zarya
2348:Payer
2311:Litke
2306:Anjou
2239:Minin
2202:Vagin
2192:Popov
2165:Poole
2020:Young
1833:Dease
1778:Hecla
1769:Parry
1694:Bylot
1677:Davis
1652:Cabot
1625:Peary
1607:Jason
1594:Egede
1508:Papar
1420:Skate
1401:Wiese
1381:NP-37
1374:NP-36
1254:Norge
1242:Sedov
1230:Peary
1188:Jason
1103:Nares
1097:Alert
1052:Hayes
1020:Parry
958:Ocean
629:. In
567:. In
508:then
337:Inuit
193:, to
152:Jakob
140:Georg
136:Jakob
3923:Byrd
3844:Fram
3795:Wild
3477:Marr
3443:BGLE
3430:Byrd
3358:Wild
3237:Fram
3039:Cook
2560:AARI
2545:Maud
2432:Toll
2357:Vega
2043:Gjøa
2028:Fram
1991:Kane
1828:Back
1793:Fury
1784:Lyon
1706:Munk
1345:NP-1
1247:Byrd
1164:Fram
1155:Fram
1047:Kane
815:ISBN
755:2010
712:ISBN
683:ISBN
645:2010
612:2010
583:2010
466:, a
420:Cuba
410:and
327:and
317:Fram
282:Fram
258:Fram
231:Fram
207:TRIO
162:and
160:Leif
156:Mimi
142:and
130:and
122:and
70:Died
45:Born
3620:3rd
3606:2nd
3580:1st
3413:IGY
3409:IPY
1999:Fox
1895:Rae
1461:Mir
1437:NS
883:at
869:at
855:at
98:in
4026::
2525:/
827:,
786:;
710:,
697:^
563:.
532:^
493:.
408:Ob
366:.
323:,
312:.
178:.
158:,
154:,
150:,
138:,
61:,
3002:"
2996:"
2939:)
2935:(
2926:)
2917:(
922:e
915:t
908:v
831:.
757:.
691:.
647:.
614:.
585:.
233:.
53:)
49:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
