569:
706:– a modified or healthy gene is inserted into the organism to replace a disease-causing gene. Commonly a virus that has been altered to carry human DNA is used to deliver the healthy gene to the targeted cells of the patient. This process was first used successfully in 1990 on a four-year-old patient who lacked an immune system due to a rare genetic disease called severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).
42:
700:– Dolly the sheep was the first mammal ever cloned from adult animal cells. The cloned sheep was, of course, genetically identical to the original adult sheep. This clone was created by taking cells from the udder of a six-year-old ewe and growing them in the lab.
668:– one uses a urine sample and the other a blood sample. Both detect the presence of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This hormone is produced by the placenta shortly after implantation of the embryo into the uterine walls and accumulates.
674:– identification of risk by testing for mutations in two genes—Breast Cancer-1 gene (BRCA1) and the Breast Cancer-2 gene (BRCA2)—allow a woman to schedule increased screening tests at a more frequent rate than the general population.
686:– Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder in which the individual is missing an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase. Absence of this enzyme allows the buildup of phenylalanine, which can lead to mental retardation.
694:– taking a gene from one organism and placing it into another. Biochemists inserted the gene for human insulin into bacteria. The bacteria, through the process of translation, create human insulin.
677:
759:
658:, for example), and changes in the way the bacteria grows are measured. This test is useful for screening chemicals to see if they mutate the structure of
680:– testing the fetus for potential genetic defects, to detect chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome or birth defects such as spina bifida.
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and by extension identifying their potential to cause cancer in humans.
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is provided as an overview of and topical guide to biochemistry:
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169:
89:
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1024:
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886:
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861:
853:
659:
1020:
1583:
Full text of Berg, Tymoczko, and Stryer, courtesy of
1552:
635:governs all living organisms and living processes.
1708:
811:
638:
1612:
594:
16:Overview of and topical guide to biochemistry
1515:
710:
654:is exposed to a chemical under question (a
1619:
1605:
800:
601:
587:
1441:
1493:
1709:
1626:
1600:
1446:
1564:Electrophoretic mobility shift assay
817:Major categories of bio-compounds:
13:
14:
1758:
1593:Full text of Garrett and Grisham.
1574:
1553:Interactions between biomolecules
742:
715:
568:
567:
40:
1696:Technology and applied sciences
21:Index of biochemistry articles
1:
1671:Natural and physical sciences
812:General biochemistry concepts
1306:Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
639:Applications of biochemistry
7:
1691:Society and social sciences
1686:Religion and belief systems
631:, including living matter.
499:Bioorganometallic chemistry
428:Volume combustion synthesis
10:
1763:
804:
358:Enantioselective synthesis
18:
1634:
1458:Polymerase chain reaction
1436:Microscale Thermophoresis
1432:Surface Plasmon Resonance
363:Fully automated synthesis
308:Artificial gene synthesis
1747:Biochemistry terminology
1516:Structural determination
711:Branches of biochemistry
678:Prenatal genetic testing
338:Custom peptide synthesis
1737:Chemistry-related lists
1681:Philosophy and thinking
1223:Energy pathways :
807:History of biochemistry
801:History of biochemistry
672:Breast cancer screening
465:Bioorthogonal chemistry
1442:Biochemical techniques
1389:transmembrane receptor
1052:Structural compounds:
504:Bioinorganic chemistry
418:Solvothermal synthesis
368:Hydrothermal synthesis
1742:Science-related lists
1732:Biology-related lists
1666:Mathematics and logic
1591:Biochemistry, 2nd ed.
1581:Biochemistry, 5th ed.
1569:Southwestern blotting
1559:Coimmunoprecipitation
1522:X-ray crystallography
1376:tumor suppressor gene
1114:and enzyme activity:
975:Chemical properties:
554:Glossary of chemistry
509:Biophysical chemistry
413:Solid-phase synthesis
267:Amino acid metabolism
245:Nucleotide metabolism
188:Fatty-acid metabolism
1717:Outlines of sciences
1651:Geography and places
1646:Culture and the arts
1494:Protein purification
1366:Malfunctions :
1354:transcription factor
1302:Cellular respiration
627:processes in living
494:Bioorganic chemistry
333:Convergent synthesis
313:Biomimetic synthesis
135:Biomolecule families
1532:Electron microscopy
1346:signal transduction
1263:absorption spectrum
955:secondary structure
764:Genetic engineering
760:Enzymatic chemistry
756:Molecular chemistry
722:Animal biochemistry
692:Genetic engineering
652:salmonella bacteria
549:Glossary of biology
472:Medicinal chemistry
442:Biochemistry fields
348:Divergent synthesis
123:List of biochemists
112:List of biochemists
28:Part of a series on
1661:History and events
1656:Health and fitness
1628:Knowledge outlines
1537:Molecular dynamics
1447:Molecular genetics
1197:electron transport
1155:fluid mosaic model
959:tertiary structure
727:Plant biochemistry
484:Clinical chemistry
300:Chemical synthesis
1704:
1703:
1639:General reference
1547:Isotopic labeling
1542:Mass spectrometry
1468:Southern blotting
1463:Northern blotting
1416:x-ray diffraction
1412:mass spectrometry
1251:bacteriorhodopsin
1122:enzyme inhibition
951:primary structure
623:– study of
611:
610:
450:Molecular biology
393:Peptide synthesis
388:Organic synthesis
383:One-pot synthesis
318:Bioretrosynthesis
47:Chemistry of life
1754:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1500:Western blotting
1004:molecular charge
603:
596:
589:
576:
571:
570:
460:Chemical biology
378:Mechanosynthesis
353:Electrosynthesis
44:
25:
24:
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1676:People and self
1630:
1625:
1577:
1555:
1518:
1496:
1473:Fusion proteins
1449:
1444:
1404:electrophoresis
1267:action spectrum
1118:enzyme kinetics
967:protein folding
814:
809:
803:
768:Pharmaceuticals
752:Bioluminescence
745:
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713:
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607:
566:
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423:Total synthesis
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95:Gene expression
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1575:External links
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1505:Chromatography
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1488:Flow cytometry
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1483:Bioinformatics
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1478:DNA microarray
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1453:DNA sequencing
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1408:chromatography
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1358:protein kinase
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1327:Chemosynthesis
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1280:light reaction
1276:Photosynthesis
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858:essential oils
843:
833:polysaccharide
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805:Main article:
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799:
788:Photosynthesis
776:Neurochemistry
744:
743:Other branches
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666:Pregnancy test
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403:Retrosynthesis
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343:Direct process
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1424:fractionation
1421:
1420:Southern blot
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1386:
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1350:growth factor
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1284:dark reaction
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1177:
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1169:
1168:phospholipids
1166:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1144:dehydrogenase
1141:
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1061:peptidoglycan
1058:
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1022:
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1005:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
991:hydrogen bond
988:
984:
983:covalent bond
980:
977:
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968:
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922:
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916:
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888:
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880:
876:
875:Nucleic acids
873:
871:
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847:
844:
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838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
821:Carbohydrates
819:
818:
816:
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808:
798:
797:
793:
792:Environmental
789:
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772:Endocrinology
769:
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757:
753:
749:
748:Biotechnology
738:
735:
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728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
716:Main branches
705:
702:
699:
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667:
664:
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657:
656:food additive
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409:
408:Semisynthesis
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281:Tetrapyrroles
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222:Nucleic acids
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205:Sphingolipids
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200:Phospholipids
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158:Glycoproteins
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145:Carbohydrates
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27:
26:
22:
1727:Biochemistry
1289:Fermentation
1271:fluorescence
1201:ion gradient
1077:In animals:
963:conformation
829:disaccharide
746:
704:Gene therapy
633:Biochemistry
621:Biochemistry
620:
619:
612:
519:parasitology
514:Bacteriology
477:Pharmacology
455:Cell biology
323:Biosynthesis
274:
273:
252:
251:
220:
219:
168:
167:
143:
142:
85:Biomolecules
62:
46:
34:Biochemistry
1393:ion channel
1333:Regulation
1297:lactic acid
1239:xanthophyll
1235:carotenoids
1231:chlorophyll
1193:proton pump
1189:ion channel
1127:proteolysis
1095:In plants:
1012:hydrophobic
1008:hydrophilic
870:cholesterol
262:Amino acids
240:Nucleotides
235:Nucleosides
230:Nucleobases
210:Cholesterol
183:Fatty acids
178:Eicosanoids
1711:Categories
1428:Gram stain
1400:Techniques
1362:SH3 domain
1293:Acetyl-CoA
1255:hemoglobin
1247:phycobilin
1243:cytochrome
1217:riboflavin
1205:antiporter
1176:glycocalyx
1172:glycolipid
1135:proteasome
1055:In cells:
1046:hydrolysis
987:ionic bond
930:amino acid
850:fatty acid
796:Toxicology
780:Hematology
737:Enzymology
732:Metabolism
543:Glossaries
529:immunology
195:Glycerides
163:Glycosides
118:Biochemist
100:Metabolism
19:See also:
1381:Receptors
1259:myoglobin
1209:symporter
1159:diffusion
1151:Membranes
1131:ubiquitin
1105:cell wall
1097:cellulose
1057:flagellin
1042:reduction
1038:oxidation
903:adenosine
784:Nutrition
648:Ames test
629:organisms
1722:Outlines
1402: :
1385:Integrin
1383: :
1372:oncogene
1339: :
1337:hormones
1314:pyruvate
1304: :
1291: :
1278: :
1229: :
1227:pigments
1184:isoprene
1153: :
1087:collagen
1029:alkaline
938:arginine
926: :
924:Proteins
907:cytosine
877: :
848: :
841:glycogen
823: :
684:PKU test
650:–
644:Testing
625:chemical
574:Category
524:virology
254:Proteins
215:Steroids
153:Alcohols
1322:citrate
1318:oxalate
1213:quinone
1180:antigen
1163:osmosis
1112:Enzymes
1083:keratin
947:peptide
934:glycine
915:thymine
911:guanine
698:Cloning
615:outline
90:Enzymes
68:History
63:Outline
1140:kinase
1101:lignin
1079:chitin
1073:myosin
1065:myelin
942:lysine
919:uracil
846:Lipids
837:starch
572:
275:Other:
170:Lipids
1510:ELISA
1368:tumor
1341:auxin
1069:actin
1016:polar
999:ethyl
995:ester
899:codon
866:waxes
825:sugar
373:LASiS
58:Index
1585:NCBI
1310:NADH
1091:silk
1033:base
1025:acid
895:rRNA
891:tRNA
887:mRNA
862:oils
854:fats
286:Heme
1527:NMR
883:RNA
879:DNA
778:,
660:DNA
1713::
1434:–
1430:–
1426:–
1422:–
1418:–
1414:–
1410:–
1406:–
1391:–
1387:–
1374:–
1370:–
1360:–
1356:–
1352:–
1348:–
1320:–
1316:–
1312:–
1308:–
1295:–
1282:–
1269:–
1265:–
1261:–
1257:–
1253:–
1249:–
1245:–
1241:–
1237:–
1233:–
1215:–
1211:–
1207:–
1203:–
1199:–
1195:–
1191:–
1182:–
1178:–
1174:–
1170:–
1161:–
1157:–
1142:–
1133:–
1129:–
1120:–
1103:–
1099:–
1089:–
1085:–
1081:–
1071:–
1067:–
1063:–
1059:–
1044:–
1040:–
1031:–
1027:–
1023:–
1021:pH
1014:–
1010:–
1006:–
997:–
993:–
989:–
985:–
981:–
965:–
961:–
957:–
953:–
949:–
940:–
936:–
932:–
917:–
913:–
909:–
905:–
901:–
897:–
893:–
889:–
885:–
881:–
868:–
864:–
860:–
856:–
852:–
839:–
835:–
831:–
827:–
794:,
790:,
786:,
782:,
774:,
770:,
766:,
762:,
758:,
754:,
750:,
1620:e
1613:t
1606:v
1587:.
602:e
595:t
588:v
256::
224::
172::
147::
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