205:
31:
39:
446:
There are no simple methods available for analysis of phospholipids, since the close range of polarity between different phospholipid species makes detection difficult. Oil chemists often use spectroscopy to determine total phosphorus abundance and then calculate approximate mass of phospholipids
244:, which describes the membrane as a mosaic of lipid molecules that act as a solvent for all the substances and proteins within it, so proteins and lipid molecules are then free to diffuse laterally through the lipid matrix and migrate over the membrane.
189:: a membrane that consists of two layers of oppositely oriented phospholipid molecules, with their heads exposed to the liquid on both sides, and with the tails directed into the membrane. That is the dominant structural motif of the membranes of all
489:
and floppase). Eventually a vesicle will bud off from the ER containing phospholipids destined for the cytoplasmic cellular membrane on its exterior leaflet and phospholipids destined for the exoplasmic cellular membrane on its inner leaflet.
506:, are produced synthetically. Each source has a unique profile of individual phospholipid species, as well as fatty acids, and consequently differing applications in food, nutrition, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and drug delivery.
134:, interspersed among the phospholipids. The combination provides fluidity in two dimensions combined with mechanical strength against rupture. Purified phospholipids are produced commercially and have found applications in
385:
using phospholipids is a promising option for transdermal delivery in fungal infections. Advances in phospholipid research lead to exploring these biomolecules and their conformations using lipidomics.
768:
2087:
Akbarzadeh, Abolfazl; Rezaei-Sadabady, Rogaie; Davaran, Soodabeh; Joo, Sang Woo; Zarghami, Nosratollah; Hanifehpour, Younes; Samiei, Mohammad; Kouhi, Mohammad; Nejati-Koshki, Kazem (2013-02-22).
2534:"Evidence that phospholipase C-dependent, calcium-independent mechanisms are required for directional migration of T lymphocytes in response to the CCR4 ligands CCL17 and CCL22"
498:
Common sources of industrially produced phospholipids are soya, rapeseed, sunflower, chicken eggs, bovine milk, fish eggs etc. Phospholipids for gene delivery, such as
373:
drugs for differing reasons like improved bio-availability, reduced toxicity and increased permeability across membranes. Liposomes are often composed of
248:
contribute to membrane fluidity by hindering the packing together of phospholipids. However, this model has now been superseded, as through the study of
1573:
1551:
2262:
Furse, Samuel; Liddell, Susan; Ortori, Catharine A.; Williams, Huw; Neylon, D. Cameron; Scott, David J.; Barrett, David A.; Gray, David A. (2013).
1595:
232:. Lipid bilayers occur when hydrophobic tails line up against one another, forming a membrane of hydrophilic heads on both sides facing the water.
174:. The hydrophilic end usually contains a negatively charged phosphate group, and the hydrophobic end usually consists of two "tails" that are long
309:
1748:
1705:
1174:
2483:
Choi, S.-Y.; Chang, J.; Jiang, B.; Seol, G. H.; Min, S. S.; Han, J. S.; Shin, H. S.; Gallagher, M.; Kirkwood, A. (2005).
1089:
2240:
2916:
1459:
1328:
1068:
938:
321:
1726:
1481:
1437:
1371:
1350:
1306:
1240:
1218:
1196:
1131:
1110:
1046:
980:
959:
917:
855:
812:
746:
240:
These specific properties allow phospholipids to play an important role in the cell membrane. Their movement can be described by the
2591:
452:
2772:
833:
523:
447:
based on molecular weight of expected fatty acid species. Modern lipid profiling employs more absolute methods of analysis, with
315:
1790:
1769:
1662:
1641:
1152:
896:
790:
482:
456:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2418:
2035:
698:
PEG phospholipid (mPEG-phospholipid, polyglycerin-phospholipid, functionalized-phospholipid, terminal activated-phospholipid)
460:
185:, which result in the fatty acid tails aggregating to minimize interactions with the water molecules. The result is often a
503:
99:
integrated as part of the phospholipid molecule. The phosphate group can be modified with simple organic molecules such as
1284:
1024:
2025:
369:
Phospholipids have been widely used to prepare liposomal, ethosomal and other nanoformulations of topical, oral and
2877:
2872:
2867:
435:
2312:
1262:
670:
622:
426:, i.e. their refractive index is different along their axis as opposed to perpendicular to it. Measurement of
499:
17:
370:
3072:
2584:
2765:
2669:
2943:
2062:
Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter (2002),
1999:
Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter (2002),
252:
it is now known that the behaviour of lipids under physiological (and other) conditions is not simple.
2845:
2660:
577:
enzymes to produce the prostaglandin precursors. In plants they serve as the raw material to produce
2820:
1719:
1430:
1299:
1189:
1039:
910:
805:
686:
282:
182:
2350:
Prinz, William A.; Choudhary, Vineet; Liu, Li-Ka; Lahiri, Sujoy; Kannan, Muthukumar (2017-03-01).
2577:
1610:
1588:
1566:
399:
154:
2532:
Cronshaw, D. G.; Kouroumalis, A.; Parry, R.; Webb, A.; Brown, Z.; Ward, S. G. (2006).
3067:
2758:
2673:
2655:
3019:
2709:
2664:
2352:"Phosphatidylserine synthesis at membrane contact sites promotes its transport out of the ER"
535:
478:
92:
585:
similar in structure to prostaglandins that mediates defensive responses against pathogens.
547:
2840:
2835:
2100:
1741:
1474:
1452:
1343:
1321:
1211:
1103:
1082:
1061:
952:
931:
826:
680:
555:
303:
186:
96:
2485:"Multiple Receptors Coupled to Phospholipase C Gate Long-Term Depression in Visual Cortex"
8:
2825:
2799:
1825:
1804:
1783:
1762:
1698:
1676:
1655:
1634:
1544:
1534:
1527:
1512:
1502:
1408:
1277:
1167:
1017:
889:
848:
783:
739:
666:
519:
485:
and LPAAT acyl transferases, phosphatase and choline phosphotransferase) and allocation (
472:
374:
288:
268:
150:
81:
42:
2104:
3001:
2830:
2509:
2484:
2460:
2435:
2386:
2351:
2332:
2288:
2263:
2244:
2200:
2167:
2131:
2088:
1976:
1949:
1921:
1894:
1495:
1364:
1233:
1124:
973:
692:
614:
395:
294:
249:
241:
89:
704:
2811:
2714:
2555:
2514:
2465:
2436:"Biogenesis, transport and remodeling of lysophospholipids in Gram-negative bacteria"
2414:
2391:
2373:
2313:"HPLC analysis of phospholipids in crude oil for evaluation of soybean deterioration"
2293:
2205:
2187:
2136:
2118:
2031:
1981:
1945:
1926:
1386:
1255:
1145:
995:
869:
761:
660:
515:
431:
276:
194:
139:
2336:
2248:
2729:
2647:
2545:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2455:
2447:
2381:
2363:
2324:
2283:
2275:
2264:"The lipidome and proteome of oil bodies from Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)"
2236:
2195:
2179:
2168:"Lipidomics: Techniques, applications, and outcomes related to biomedical sciences"
2153:
2126:
2108:
1971:
1961:
1916:
1906:
448:
212:
In biological membranes, the phospholipids often occur with other molecules (e.g.,
204:
2569:
1869:
430:
can be achieved using cross polarisers in a microscope to obtain an image of e.g.
2724:
2451:
531:
30:
3037:
2609:
2183:
2063:
2000:
594:
543:
190:
135:
2279:
208:
Phospholipid bilayers are the main structural component of the cell membranes.
3061:
2981:
2734:
2694:
2617:
2601:
2377:
2191:
2122:
1620:
649:
610:
582:
578:
570:
514:
Some types of phospholipid can be split to produce products that function as
427:
354:
347:
229:
119:
115:
2113:
2041:
1943:
377:-enriched phospholipids and may also contain mixed phospholipid chains with
145:
The first phospholipid identified in 1847 as such in biological tissues was
2632:
2559:
2518:
2469:
2395:
2297:
2241:
10.1002/(sici)1097-458x(199812)36:12<907::aid-omr394>3.0.co;2-5
2209:
2140:
1985:
1930:
1844:
1839:
645:
423:
382:
338:
104:
2440:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids
2222:
1911:
2972:
2958:
2938:
2929:
2627:
1966:
171:
123:
73:
2750:
2550:
2533:
2368:
3042:
2704:
2699:
2328:
1849:
554:
in response to various stimuli and intervene in various processes from
378:
217:
175:
77:
65:
38:
2224:
2023:
618:
563:
559:
394:
Computational simulations of phospholipids are often performed using
127:
69:
1895:"Marine Omega-3 Phospholipids: Metabolism and Biological Activities"
3006:
2793:
2739:
2689:
2086:
705:
Abbreviations used and chemical information of glycerophospholipids
602:
486:
153:, in the egg yolk of chickens by the French chemist and pharmacist
146:
85:
46:
3032:
606:
598:
225:
213:
100:
50:
2434:
Zheng L.; Lin Y.; Lu S.; Zhang J.; Bogdanov M. (November 2017).
617:. Lysolecithins are typically used for water–oil emulsions like
2719:
2637:
605:, which is found in egg yolks, as well as being extracted from
574:
481:
membrane that is studded with proteins that act in synthesis (
407:
403:
245:
221:
131:
108:
2154:
Ketoconazole
Encapsulated Liposome and Ethosome: GUNJAN TIWARI
2781:
1100:-glycero-3[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol...) (sodium/ammonium salt)
438:
to quantify lipid order or disruption in supported bilayers.
411:
198:
61:
2531:
2024:
Campbell, Neil A.; Brad
Williamson; Robin J. Heyden (2006).
2433:
1811:
1683:
1617:
1415:
1393:
1002:
674:
2261:
2223:
N. Culeddu; M. Bosco; R. Toffanin; P. Pollesello (1998).
2089:"Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications"
53:
in the synthesis of acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons.
160:
2349:
2061:
1998:
601:
with water. Phospholipids are one of the components of
477:
Phospholipid synthesis occurs in the cytosolic side of
2310:
1471:-glycero-3[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol...) (ammonium salt)
1340:-glycero-3[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol...) (ammonium salt)
1079:-glycero-3[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol...) (ammonium salt)
949:-glycero-3[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol...) (ammonium salt)
130:, cell membranes also contain another class of lipid,
2225:"High resolution 31P NMR of extracted phospholipids"
1449:-glycero-3[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol...) (sodium salt)
1318:-glycero-3[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol...) (sodium salt)
1208:-glycero-3[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol...) (sodium salt)
1058:-glycero-3[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol...) (sodium salt)
928:-glycero-3[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol...) (sodium salt)
823:-glycero-3[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol...) (sodium salt)
2599:
1892:
2482:
1893:Burri, L.; Hoem, N.; Banni, S.; Berge, K. (2012).
181:In aqueous solutions, phospholipids are driven by
193:and of some other biological structures, such as
3059:
2408:
2030:. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Prentice Hall.
88:molecule). Marine phospholipids typically have
2766:
2585:
2317:Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
260:
2427:
573:signal pathways as the raw material used by
2311:T. L. Mounts; A. M. Nash (1990).
1899:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
628:
613:in many products and can be purchased as a
34:Phospholipid arrangement in cell membranes.
2773:
2759:
2592:
2578:
2068:Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition
2005:Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition
2780:
2549:
2508:
2459:
2385:
2367:
2287:
2199:
2166:Yang, Kui; Han, Xianlin (November 2016).
2130:
2112:
1975:
1965:
1920:
1910:
509:
466:
381:properties. The ethosomal formulation of
114:Phospholipids are a key component of all
2409:Lodish H.; Berk A.; et al. (2007).
648:), egg PG, soy PC, hydrogenated soy PC,
203:
37:
29:
2165:
524:phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate
330:
14:
3060:
2402:
1492:-glycero-3-phosphoserine (sodium salt)
1361:-glycero-3-phosphoserine (sodium salt)
1230:-glycero-3-phosphoserine (sodium salt)
1121:-glycero-3-phosphoserine (sodium salt)
970:-glycero-3-phosphoserine (sodium salt)
635:See table below for an extensive list.
2754:
2573:
255:
161:Phospholipids in biological membranes
2413:(6th ed.). W. H. Freeman.
504:dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane
530:), that can be split by the enzyme
422:Phospholipids are optically highly
417:
24:
1383:-glycero-3-phosphate (sodium salt)
1252:-glycero-3-phosphate (sodium salt)
1142:-glycero-3-phosphate (sodium salt)
992:-glycero-3-phosphate (sodium salt)
866:-glycero-3-phosphate (sodium salt)
758:-glycero-3-phosphate (sodium salt)
657:Synthetic phospholipid derivates:
588:
434:walls or using techniques such as
322:Phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate
25:
3084:
473:Biosynthesis § Phospholipids
353:Ceramide phosphorylethanolamine (
316:Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate
641:Natural phospholipid derivates:
569:Phospholipids also intervene in
546:(DAG), which both carry out the
436:dual polarisation interferometry
2525:
2476:
2343:
2304:
2255:
2229:Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
2216:
364:
2501:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4084-05.2005
2172:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
2159:
2147:
2080:
2055:
2017:
1992:
1937:
1886:
1862:
1716:-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
1427:-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
1296:-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
1186:-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
1036:-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
907:-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
802:-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
389:
310:Phosphatidylinositol phosphate
165:
13:
1:
1855:
500:distearoylphosphatidylcholine
2538:Journal of Leukocyte Biology
2452:10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.11.015
346:Ceramide phosphorylcholine (
7:
2821:-ethanolamine/cephalin (PE)
2670:Peripheral membrane protein
2268:Journal of Chemical Biology
1833:
562:signal pathways started by
441:
235:
10:
3089:
2944:Platelet-activating factor
2661:Integral membrane proteins
2184:10.1016/j.tibs.2016.08.010
2093:Nanoscale Research Letters
597:, enabling oils to form a
493:
470:
463:provides relative values.
261:Diacylglyceride structures
49:. It is also a source for
45:is the major component of
3028:
3015:
2997:
2990:
2971:
2954:
2928:
2857:
2810:
2792:
2682:
2646:
2608:
2356:Journal of Lipid Research
2280:10.1007/s12154-012-0090-1
1822:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1801:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1780:-glycero-3–phosphocholine
1759:-glycero-3–phosphocholine
1695:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1673:-glycero-3–phosphocholine
1652:-glycero-3–phosphocholine
1631:-glycero 3-phosphocholine
1607:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1585:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1563:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1405:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1274:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1164:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1014:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
886:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
845:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
780:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
736:-glycero-3-phosphocholine
652:as natural phospholipids.
593:Phospholipids can act as
1944:Mashaghi S.; Jadidi T.;
1738:-glycero-3 (sodium salt)
1720:Phosphatidylethanolamine
1669:1-Palmitoyl-2-myristoyl-
1627:1-Myristoyl-2-palmitoyl-
1431:Phosphatidylethanolamine
1300:Phosphatidylethanolamine
1190:Phosphatidylethanolamine
1040:Phosphatidylethanolamine
911:Phosphatidylethanolamine
806:Phosphatidylethanolamine
687:Phosphatidylethanolamine
683:(DMPG, DPPG, DSPG, POPG)
629:Phospholipid derivatives
360:Ceramide phosphoryllipid
283:Phosphatidylethanolamine
183:hydrophobic interactions
2705:Lipid raft/microdomains
2489:Journal of Neuroscience
2114:10.1186/1556-276X-8-102
2027:Biology: Exploring Life
1874:Encyclopedia Britannica
1818:1-Stearoyl-2-palmitoyl-
1776:1-Stearoyl-2-myristoyl-
1755:1-Palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-
1648:1-Myristoyl-2-stearoyl-
1611:Lysophosphatidylcholine
1589:Lysophosphatidylcholine
1567:Lysophosphatidylcholine
689:(DMPE, DPPE, DSPE DOPE)
155:Theodore Nicolas Gobley
2826:-choline/lecithin (PC)
2710:Membrane contact sites
2674:Lipid-anchored protein
2656:Membrane glycoproteins
2411:Molecular Cell Biology
1950:"Lipid Nanotechnology"
1948:; Mashaghi A. (2013).
621:, due to their higher
510:In signal transduction
467:Phospholipid synthesis
209:
170:The phospholipids are
54:
35:
3020:Lysophosphatidic acid
2800:Glycerophospholipids/
2665:transmembrane protein
1912:10.3390/ijms131115401
1734:1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-
1712:1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-
1691:1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-
536:inositol triphosphate
207:
76:"tails" derived from
64:whose molecule has a
41:
33:
2690:Caveolae/Coated pits
1967:10.3390/ijms14024242
1797:1-Stearoyl-2-oleoyl-
1742:Phosphatidylglycerol
1475:Phosphatidylglycerol
1453:Phosphatidylglycerol
1344:Phosphatidylglycerol
1322:Phosphatidylglycerol
1212:Phosphatidylglycerol
1104:Phosphatidylglycerol
1083:Phosphatidylglycerol
1062:Phosphatidylglycerol
953:Phosphatidylglycerol
932:Phosphatidylglycerol
827:Phosphatidylglycerol
681:Phosphatidylglycerol
556:long term depression
532:phospholipase C
331:Phosphosphingolipids
304:Phosphatidylinositol
279:(phosphatidate) (PA)
187:phospholipid bilayer
68:"head" containing a
3073:Anionic surfactants
2551:10.1189/jlb.0106035
2495:(49): 11433–11443.
2369:10.1194/jlr.M072959
2105:2013NRL.....8..102A
2064:"The Lipid Bilayer"
2001:"The Lipid Bilayer"
1905:(11): 15401–15419.
1826:Phosphatidylcholine
1805:Phosphatidylcholine
1784:Phosphatidylcholine
1763:Phosphatidylcholine
1699:Phosphatidylcholine
1677:Phosphatidylcholine
1656:Phosphatidylcholine
1635:Phosphatidylcholine
1545:Phosphatidylcholine
1541:Hydrogenated soy PC
1528:Phosphatidylcholine
1524:Hydrogenated egg PC
1513:Phosphatidylcholine
1409:Phosphatidylcholine
1278:Phosphatidylcholine
1168:Phosphatidylcholine
1018:Phosphatidylcholine
890:Phosphatidylcholine
849:Phosphatidylcholine
784:Phosphatidylcholine
740:Phosphatidylcholine
669:(DDPC, DLPC, DMPC,
667:Phosphatidylcholine
609:, and is used as a
522:. Examples include
520:signal transduction
375:phosphatidylcholine
300:Phosphoinositides:
289:Phosphatidylcholine
269:Glycerophospholipid
151:phosphatidylcholine
126:characteristic. In
90:omega-3 fatty acids
84:residue (usually a
43:Phosphatidylcholine
3002:Inositol phosphate
2858:Phosphoinositides:
2715:Membrane nanotubes
2600:Structures of the
2329:10.1007/BF02540486
1621:Sphingomyelin MPPC
1496:Phosphatidylserine
1365:Phosphatidylserine
1234:Phosphatidylserine
1125:Phosphatidylserine
974:Phosphatidylserine
693:Phosphatidylserine
663:(DMPA, DPPA, DSPA)
615:dietary supplement
548:functions of the G
396:molecular dynamics
295:Phosphatidylserine
256:Main phospholipids
250:lipid polymorphism
242:fluid mosaic model
210:
55:
36:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
2967:
2966:
2802:Phosphoglycerides
2748:
2747:
2648:Membrane proteins
2446:(11): 1404–1413.
2420:978-0-7167-7601-7
2070:, Garland Science
2037:978-0-13-250882-7
2007:, Garland Science
1831:
1830:
1387:Phosphatidic acid
1256:Phosphatidic acid
1146:Phosphatidic acid
996:Phosphatidic acid
870:Phosphatidic acid
762:Phosphatidic acid
661:Phosphatidic acid
552:type of G protein
516:second messengers
277:Phosphatidic acid
140:materials science
122:because of their
16:(Redirected from
3080:
2995:
2994:
2808:
2807:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2752:
2751:
2730:Nuclear envelope
2725:Nodes of Ranvier
2594:
2587:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2553:
2544:(6): 1369–1380.
2529:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2463:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2371:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2291:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2203:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2134:
2116:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2040:. Archived from
2021:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1960:(2): 4242–4282.
1954:Int. J. Mol. Sci
1941:
1935:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1866:
1357:1,2-Dipalmitoyl-
1336:1,2-Dipalmitoyl-
1314:1,2-Dipalmitoyl-
1292:1,2-Dipalmitoyl-
1270:1,2-Dipalmitoyl-
1248:1,2-Dipalmitoyl-
1117:1,2-Dimyristoyl-
1096:1,2-Dimyristoyl-
1075:1,2-Dimyristoyl-
1054:1,2-Dimyristoyl-
1032:1,2-Dimyristoyl-
1010:1,2-Dimyristoyl-
988:1,2-Dimyristoyl-
841:1,2-Dilinoleoyl-
709:
708:
449:NMR spectroscopy
418:Characterization
118:. They can form
21:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3047:
3024:
3011:
2986:
2963:
2950:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2887:
2853:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2749:
2744:
2678:
2642:
2610:Membrane lipids
2604:
2598:
2568:
2567:
2530:
2526:
2481:
2477:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2407:
2403:
2348:
2344:
2323:(11): 757–760.
2309:
2305:
2260:
2256:
2235:(12): 907–912.
2221:
2217:
2178:(11): 954–969.
2164:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2071:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2045:
2038:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2008:
1997:
1993:
1942:
1938:
1891:
1887:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1836:
1574:LYSOPC PALMITIC
1552:LYSOPC MYRISTIC
1488:1,2-Distearoyl-
1467:1,2-Distearoyl-
1445:1,2-Distearoyl-
1423:1,2-Distearoyl-
1401:1,2-Distearoyl-
1379:1,2-Distearoyl-
732:1,2-Didecanoyl-
707:
631:
591:
589:Food technology
551:
541:
529:
512:
496:
475:
469:
451:, particularly
444:
420:
392:
367:
333:
291:(lecithin) (PC)
285:(cephalin) (PE)
263:
258:
238:
168:
163:
80:, joined by an
60:are a class of
28:
27:Class of lipids
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3038:Phosphocholine
3035:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2935:
2933:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2841:-inositol (PI)
2838:
2836:-glycerol (PG)
2833:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2805:
2790:
2789:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2735:Phycobilisomes
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2695:Cell junctions
2692:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2565:
2524:
2475:
2426:
2419:
2401:
2362:(3): 553–562.
2342:
2303:
2254:
2215:
2158:
2146:
2079:
2054:
2036:
2016:
1991:
1936:
1885:
1870:"Phospholipid"
1860:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1596:LYSOPC STEARIC
1592:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1005:
999:
998:
993:
986:
983:
977:
976:
971:
966:1,2-Dilauroyl-
964:
962:
956:
955:
950:
945:1,2-Dilauroyl-
943:
941:
935:
934:
929:
924:1,2-Dilauroyl-
922:
920:
914:
913:
908:
903:1,2-Dilauroyl-
901:
899:
893:
892:
887:
882:1,2-Dilauroyl-
880:
877:
873:
872:
867:
862:1,2-Dilauroyl-
860:
858:
852:
851:
846:
839:
836:
830:
829:
824:
819:1,2-Dierucoyl-
817:
815:
809:
808:
803:
798:1,2-Dierucoyl-
796:
793:
787:
786:
781:
776:1,2-Dierucoyl-
774:
771:
765:
764:
759:
754:1,2-Dierucoyl-
752:
749:
743:
742:
737:
730:
727:
723:
722:
719:
716:
713:
706:
703:
702:
701:
700:
699:
696:
690:
684:
678:
673:, DSPC, DOPC,
664:
655:
654:
653:
638:
637:
630:
627:
590:
587:
558:in neurons to
549:
544:diacylglycerol
539:
527:
511:
508:
495:
492:
468:
465:
443:
440:
419:
416:
391:
388:
366:
363:
362:
361:
358:
351:
343:
342:
332:
329:
328:
327:
326:
325:
319:
313:
307:
298:
292:
286:
280:
273:
272:
262:
259:
257:
254:
237:
234:
167:
164:
162:
159:
136:nanotechnology
120:lipid bilayers
116:cell membranes
72:group and two
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3085:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:Phospholipids
3066:
3065:
3063:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2982:Sphingomyelin
2980:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:Phosphatidyl-
2809:
2806:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2786:phospholipids
2783:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2720:Myelin sheath
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Sphingolipids
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:Phospholipids
2621:
2619:
2618:Lipid bilayer
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:cell membrane
2595:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2422:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2044:on 2014-11-02
2043:
2039:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1946:Koenderink G.
1940:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:1,2-Dioleoyl-
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:1,2-Dioleoyl-
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:1,2-Dioleoyl-
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:1,2-Dioleoyl-
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:1,2-Dioleoyl-
1137:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
965:
963:
961:
958:
957:
954:
951:
948:
944:
942:
940:
937:
936:
933:
930:
927:
923:
921:
919:
916:
915:
912:
909:
906:
902:
900:
898:
895:
894:
891:
888:
885:
881:
878:
875:
874:
871:
868:
865:
861:
859:
857:
854:
853:
850:
847:
844:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
828:
825:
822:
818:
816:
814:
811:
810:
807:
804:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
741:
738:
735:
731:
728:
725:
724:
720:
717:
714:
712:Abbreviation
711:
710:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
672:
668:
665:
662:
659:
658:
656:
651:
650:sphingomyelin
647:
643:
642:
640:
639:
636:
633:
632:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:food additive
608:
604:
600:
596:
586:
584:
583:plant hormone
580:
579:jasmonic acid
576:
572:
571:prostaglandin
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
545:
537:
533:
525:
521:
517:
507:
505:
501:
491:
488:
484:
480:
474:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
439:
437:
433:
429:
428:birefringence
425:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
387:
384:
380:
376:
372:
359:
356:
355:Sphingomyelin
352:
349:
348:Sphingomyelin
345:
344:
341:
340:
335:
334:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
301:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
265:
264:
253:
251:
247:
243:
233:
231:
230:cell membrane
227:
223:
219:
215:
206:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
158:
156:
152:
148:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
58:Phospholipids
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
18:Phospholipids
2930:Ether lipids
2831:-serine (PS)
2785:
2628:Lipoproteins
2622:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2410:
2404:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2274:(2): 63–76.
2271:
2267:
2257:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2149:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2072:, retrieved
2067:
2057:
2046:. Retrieved
2042:the original
2026:
2019:
2009:, retrieved
2004:
1994:
1957:
1953:
1939:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1877:. Retrieved
1873:
1864:
1845:Galactolipid
1840:Cable theory
1819:
1798:
1777:
1756:
1735:
1713:
1692:
1670:
1649:
1628:
1604:
1582:
1581:1-Palmitoyl-
1560:
1559:1-Myristoyl-
1489:
1468:
1446:
1424:
1402:
1380:
1358:
1337:
1315:
1293:
1271:
1249:
1227:
1205:
1183:
1161:
1139:
1118:
1097:
1076:
1055:
1033:
1011:
989:
967:
946:
925:
904:
883:
863:
842:
820:
799:
777:
755:
733:
646:Egg lecithin
634:
592:
568:
513:
497:
476:
445:
424:birefringent
421:
400:force fields
393:
383:ketoconazole
368:
365:Applications
339:Sphingolipid
336:
266:
239:
211:
180:
169:
144:
113:
105:ethanolamine
57:
56:
2991:Metabolites
2973:Sphingosine
2959:Cardiolipin
2939:Plasmalogen
1603:1-Stearoyl-
1464:108347-80-4
1376:108321-18-2
1090:DMPG-NH4/NA
595:emulsifiers
566:receptors.
390:Simulations
218:glycolipids
172:amphiphilic
166:Arrangement
124:amphiphilic
78:fatty acids
74:hydrophobic
66:hydrophilic
3062:Categories
3043:Citicoline
2700:Glycocalyx
2099:(1): 102.
2074:2024-07-13
2048:2008-12-14
2011:2023-05-25
1879:2020-12-22
1856:References
1850:Sulfolipid
1731:81490-05-3
1688:26853-31-6
1600:19420-57-6
1578:17364-16-8
1556:18194-24-6
1442:67232-82-0
1333:73548-70-6
1311:67232-81-9
1245:71065-87-7
1223:70614-14-1
1201:62700-69-0
1051:67232-80-8
1007:18194-24-6
879:18194-25-7
773:56649-39-9
751:80724-31-8
471:See also:
379:surfactant
371:parenteral
357:) (Cer-PE)
318:(PIP2) and
228:such as a
201:coatings.
178:residues.
176:fatty acid
128:eukaryotes
2740:Porosomes
2378:0022-2275
2192:0968-0004
2123:1931-7573
1420:1069-79-0
1179:4004-5-1-
1157:4235-95-4
729:3436-44-0
623:HLB ratio
619:margarine
564:chemokine
560:leukocyte
70:phosphate
3007:Inositol
2975:backbone
2907:PI(4,5)P
2899:PI(3,5)P
2891:PI(3,4)P
2796:backbone
2794:Glycerol
2560:16614259
2519:16339037
2470:27956138
2396:28119445
2337:84380025
2298:23532185
2249:85602251
2210:27663237
2141:23432972
1986:23429269
1931:23203133
1834:See also
1460:DSPG-NH4
1398:816-94-4
1329:DPPG-NH4
1289:923-61-5
1069:DMPG-NH4
1029:988-07-2
939:DLPG-NH4
838:998-06-1
795:988-07-2
644:egg PC (
607:soybeans
603:lecithin
487:flippase
455:, while
442:Analysis
402:such as
236:Dynamics
214:proteins
195:vesicles
147:lecithin
86:glycerol
47:lecithin
3033:Choline
2638:Sterols
2510:6725895
2461:6162059
2387:5335585
2289:3606697
2201:5085849
2132:3599573
2101:Bibcode
1977:3588097
1922:3509649
1727:POPG-NA
1482:DSPS-NA
1438:DSPG-NA
1372:DSPA-NA
1351:DPPS-NA
1307:DPPG-NA
1267:63-89-8
1241:DPPA-NA
1219:DOPS-NA
1197:DOPG-NA
1132:DOPA-NA
1111:DMPS-NA
1047:DMPG-NA
985:80724-3
981:DMPA-NA
960:DLPS-NA
918:DLPG-NA
856:DLPA-NA
813:DEPG-NA
747:DEPA-NA
677:, DEPC)
599:colloid
494:Sources
432:vesicle
350:) (SPH)
246:Sterols
226:bilayer
224:) in a
222:sterols
101:choline
82:alcohol
51:choline
2878:PI(5)P
2873:PI(4)P
2868:PI(3)P
2846:glyco-
2782:Lipids
2558:
2517:
2507:
2468:
2458:
2417:
2394:
2384:
2376:
2335:
2296:
2286:
2247:
2208:
2198:
2190:
2139:
2129:
2121:
2034:
1984:
1974:
1929:
1919:
1509:Egg-PC
695:(DOPS)
575:lipase
542:) and
408:CHARMM
404:GROMOS
324:(PIP3)
132:sterol
109:serine
62:lipids
2848:(GPI)
2683:Other
2333:S2CID
2245:S2CID
834:DLOPC
721:Type
718:Name
534:into
453:P-NMR
412:AMBER
410:, or
398:with
312:(PIP)
267:See:
199:virus
191:cells
149:, or
2864:PIP
2556:PMID
2515:PMID
2466:PMID
2444:1862
2415:ISBN
2392:PMID
2374:ISSN
2294:PMID
2206:PMID
2188:ISSN
2137:PMID
2119:ISSN
2032:ISBN
1982:PMID
1927:PMID
1812:SPPC
1791:SOPC
1770:SMPC
1749:PSPC
1706:POPE
1684:POPC
1663:PMPC
1642:MSPC
1618:Milk
1535:HSPC
1519:HEPC
1416:DSPE
1394:DSPC
1285:DPPE
1263:DPPC
1175:DOPE
1153:DOPC
1025:DMPE
1003:DMPC
897:DLPE
876:DLPC
791:DEPE
769:DEPC
726:DDPC
715:CAS
675:POPC
671:DPPC
581:, a
526:(PIP
502:and
483:GPAT
461:ELSD
457:HPLC
337:See
306:(PI)
297:(PS)
138:and
95:and
2917:PIP
2884:PIP
2546:doi
2505:PMC
2497:doi
2456:PMC
2448:doi
2382:PMC
2364:doi
2325:doi
2284:PMC
2276:doi
2237:doi
2196:PMC
2180:doi
2127:PMC
2109:doi
1972:PMC
1962:doi
1917:PMC
1907:doi
1503:EPC
538:(IP
518:in
197:or
107:or
97:DHA
93:EPA
3064::
2784::
2554:.
2542:79
2540:.
2536:.
2513:.
2503:.
2493:25
2491:.
2487:.
2464:.
2454:.
2442:.
2438:.
2390:.
2380:.
2372:.
2360:58
2358:.
2354:.
2331:.
2321:67
2319:.
2315:.
2292:.
2282:.
2270:.
2266:.
2243:.
2233:36
2231:.
2227:.
2204:.
2194:.
2186:.
2176:41
2174:.
2170:.
2135:.
2125:.
2117:.
2107:.
2095:.
2091:.
2066:,
2003:,
1980:.
1970:.
1958:14
1956:.
1952:.
1925:.
1915:.
1903:13
1901:.
1897:.
1872:.
1820:sn
1799:sn
1778:sn
1757:sn
1736:sn
1714:sn
1693:sn
1671:sn
1650:sn
1629:sn
1605:sn
1583:sn
1561:sn
1490:sn
1469:sn
1447:sn
1425:sn
1403:sn
1381:sn
1359:sn
1338:sn
1316:sn
1294:sn
1272:sn
1250:sn
1228:sn
1206:sn
1184:sn
1162:sn
1140:sn
1119:sn
1098:sn
1077:sn
1056:sn
1034:sn
1012:sn
990:sn
968:sn
947:sn
926:sn
905:sn
884:sn
864:sn
843:sn
821:sn
800:sn
778:sn
756:sn
734:sn
625:.
479:ER
414:.
406:,
220:,
216:,
157:.
142:.
111:.
103:,
2932::
2919:3
2909:2
2901:2
2893:2
2886:2
2814::
2804:)
2798:(
2774:e
2767:t
2760:v
2672:/
2663:/
2593:e
2586:t
2579:v
2562:.
2548::
2521:.
2499::
2472:.
2450::
2423:.
2398:.
2366::
2339:.
2327::
2300:.
2278::
2272:6
2251:.
2239::
2212:.
2182::
2156:.
2143:.
2111::
2103::
2097:8
2051:.
1988:.
1964::
1933:.
1909::
1882:.
550:q
540:3
528:2
459:-
20:)
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