96:
38:
458:
444:
261:, but overprotective parenting and overparenting are now favoured to include the role of fathers in parenting. Overparenting can be seen as a form of control and refers to any form of inappropriate (excessive or developmentally) involvement in a child's life from the parent. In response to its use in everyday terminology, research has recently started also using the term helicopter parenting.
361:, one-quarter of parents surveyed say they are the main barrier to their teen's independence by not taking the time or effort to give their teen more responsibility. The national survey of nearly 900 parents found most of those with kids between 14 and 18 who conceded to helicoptering said they did it because it was just easier to do things themselves.
350:
health problems may be lifelong and its impact is comparable in scale to individuals who have suffered bereavement, according to the
University College London. According to the Medical Research Council, "psychological control can limit a child's independence and leave them less able to regulate their own behaviour".
349:
Clare Ashton-James, in a cross-national survey of parents, concluded that "helicopter parents" reported higher levels of happiness. Some studies suggest overprotective, overbearing, or over-controlling parents cause long-term mental health problems for their offspring. The description of these mental
345:
as a contributing factor for helicopter parenting. Some parents, for their part, point to rising college tuition costs, saying they are just protecting their investment or acting like any other consumer. Inter-generational research published in "The
Gerontologist" observed educators and popular media
198:
parents. He describes the latter as "stealth-fighter parents" due to a tendency of Gen X parents to let minor issues go while striking without warning and vigorously in the event of serious issues. Howe contrasts this to the sustained participation of Boomer parents of
Millennials in the educational
380:
Moreover, there are several college-related circumstances for the student that are connected to over-parenting. For instance, over-parenting is linked to more detrimental results, for example poorer self-efficacy, whereas parental participation is linked to more favorable results for students, like
290:
about too much presence, but it's also about the wrong kind of presence. In fact, it can be reasonably read by children as absence, as not caring about what is really going on with them ... As Levine points out, it is the confusion of overinvolvement with stability." Similarly, she reminds readers
314:
as focused on success in precision-oriented fields such as music and math, while helicopter parents are "obsessed with failure and preventing it at all costs". Another difference she described was the Tiger Mother's emphasis on hard work with parents adopting an "extreme, rigid and authoritarian
372:
A study from
Beijing Normal University found that overparenting had a detrimental effect on children's leadership skills. Another study from the University of Florida found that helicopter parenting was associated with more emotional problems, struggles with decision-making and worse academic
291:
that helicopter parenting is not the product of "bad or pathetic people with deranged values ... It is not necessarily a sign of parents who are ridiculous or unhappy or nastily controlling. It can be a product of good intentions gone awry, the play of culture on natural parental fears."
376:
Statistics showed that when college students remained at home and had fewer siblings, over-parenting was more prevalent. Furthermore, parental participation however not over-parenting was linked to poorer confidence in students and unfavorable reactions to working situations.
199:
setting, describing these parents as "sometimes helpful, sometimes annoying, yet always hovering over their children and making noise". Howe describes baby boomers as incredibly close to their children, saying that in his opinion, this is a good thing.
179:. As this cohort entered the workforce, Human Resource officials reported helicopter parents showing up in the workplace or phoning managers to advocate on their adult child's behalf or to negotiate salaries for their adult children.
364:
Although parents or proponents of helicopter parenting claim that such a restrictive and imposing parenting style may instil discipline, other analysts have claimed that there is evidence that such forms of parenting result in
232:
has been building "love tents" to accommodate parents who have traveled there with their matriculating freshmen, letting them sleep on mats laid out on the gym floor. Commentators on social media have argued that the
115:) is a term for a parent who is overattentive and overly fearful of a child's experiences and problems, particularly outside the home and at educational institutions. Helicopter parents are so named because, like
119:, they "hover overhead", overseeing every aspect of their child's life. A helicopter parent is also known to strictly supervise their children in all aspects of their lives, including in social interactions.
202:
Helicopter parents attempt to "ensure their children are on a path to success by paving it for them". The rise of helicopter parenting coincided with two social shifts. The first was the comparatively
1396:
346:
lament helicopter parents who hover over their grown children, but reported "complex economic and social demands make it difficult for the Baby
Boomers' children to gain a foothold in adulthood."
713:
1765:
1239:
1370:
1674:
146:
began reaching college age. Their baby-boomer parents earned notoriety for practices such as calling their children each morning to wake them up for class and complaining to their
1266:
1165:
749:
636:
1530:
Wallace, Michael; Weybright, Elizabeth; Rohner, Bridget; Crawford, Jennifer K. (2015). Over-involved parenting and competition in youth development programs.
1134:
315:
approach" toward their children, which she contrasts to western helicopter parents who she says "enshrine their children and crave their friendship".
1648:
206:, with low unemployment and higher disposable income. The second was the public perception of increased child endangerment, a perception which
48:
1374:
2442:
1027:
Ungar, Michael (April 30, 2009). "Overprotective
Parenting: Helping Parents Provide Children the Right Amount of Risk and Responsibility".
326:, drawing from her experiences seeing students come in academically prepared but not prepared to fend for themselves, wrote a book called
2632:
1749:
1064:"Helicopter Parenting and Adjustment Outcomes in Young Adulthood: A Consideration of the Mediating Roles of Mastery and Self-Regulation"
3055:
1493:
1512:
793:
396:" is said to go a step further than the helicopter parent by proactively removing obstacles that their child would otherwise face.
1274:
1686:
2533:
2230:
1555:
1738:
1305:
1222:
822:
217:
Helicopter parenting is on occasion associated with societal or cultural norms that furnish or standardize themes related to
951:
Omer, Haim; Satran, Shai; Driter, Oren (2016). "Vigilant care: An integrative reformulation regarding parental monitoring".
686:
3086:
475:(parenting that purposely exercises minimal supervision over a child and allows them extended freedom in their activities)
1799:
1418:
310:
magazine described them both as "extreme parenting", although she noted key differences between the two. Gibbs describes
1705:
1416:
Schiffrin, Holly H. (2014). "Helping or
Hovering? The Effects of Helicopter Parenting on College Students' Well-Being".
741:
2751:
2599:
138:
The term "helicopter parent" has been in use since the late 1980s. It subsequently gained wide currency when
American
2569:
1479:
988:"Can a Parent Do Too Much for Their Child? An Examination By Parenting Professionals of the Concept of Overparenting"
673:
163:
82:
2882:
2283:
3026:
2816:
2625:
2427:
2273:
485:
300:
2963:
2594:
2584:
1139:
868:
17:
2589:
2314:
2130:
1951:
2508:
2354:
2250:
2225:
1996:
926:
2985:
2786:
2721:
2447:
2170:
1103:
Leung, Janet T Y; Busiol, Diego (2016). "Adolescents growing up in a 'Greenhouse:' A literature review".
637:"5 Problems Kids With Overprotective Parents Are Likely to Experience in Adulthood, According to Science"
276:
recounts Levine's descriptions of parents who are physically "hyper-present" but psychologically absent.
2736:
2618:
2369:
2200:
2195:
1191:
3076:
3020:
2922:
2746:
2579:
2538:
2374:
2094:
1926:
194:
children. Howe describes the helicopter parenting of baby-boomers as a distinct parenting style from
3015:
3005:
2847:
2670:
1946:
524:
203:
64:
2716:
2685:
2402:
1792:
1453:
543:
238:
139:
2979:
2235:
2074:
845:
421:
358:
1744:
3010:
2958:
2932:
2564:
2125:
2049:
1976:
1941:
1112:
514:
401:
338:
1610:"Helicopter parents: an examination of the correlates of over-parenting of college students"
1571:"Helicopter parents: an examination of the correlates of over-parenting of college students"
1240:"Former Stanford dean explains why helicopter parenting is ruining a generation of children"
1215:
How to Raise an Adult: Break Free of the
Overparenting Trap and Prepare Your Kid for Success
328:
How to Raise an Adult: Break Free of the
Overparenting Trap and Prepare Your Kid for Success
2990:
2726:
2660:
2422:
2349:
2298:
2059:
2034:
2024:
472:
323:
207:
56:
766:
8:
2791:
2690:
2655:
2437:
2364:
2288:
2109:
2089:
2044:
1981:
1864:
1816:
1734:
1244:
405:
319:
3081:
2796:
2665:
2483:
2220:
1956:
1785:
1435:
1347:
1322:
1085:
1044:
1009:
771:
714:"Why Entitled Millennials And Their Enabling Boomer Parents Just Can't Quit Each Other"
530:
519:
229:
167:
reported that helicopter parents continued advocating for their adult children at the
3032:
3000:
2731:
2641:
2574:
2417:
2339:
2319:
2190:
2064:
2029:
2006:
1936:
1921:
1629:
1590:
1401:
1352:
1301:
1218:
1089:
1048:
1013:
968:
907:
899:
669:
366:
1439:
613:
135:, which mentions a teen who complains: "Mother hovers over me like a helicopter..."
2953:
2907:
2872:
2776:
2771:
2741:
2675:
2457:
2293:
2268:
2260:
2016:
1900:
1879:
1621:
1582:
1535:
1427:
1342:
1334:
1169:
1075:
1036:
999:
960:
504:
449:
282:
249:
Helicopter parenting is a colloquial term; research often refers to the concept as
234:
1298:
The Trophy Kids Grow Up: How the Millennial Generation is Shaking Up The Workplace
2968:
2937:
2892:
2781:
2488:
2407:
2244:
2205:
2104:
1854:
1753:
1116:
753:
478:
311:
269:
176:
168:
95:
1397:"How overly-controlling your kids could give them lifelong psychological damage"
3037:
2862:
2811:
2801:
2761:
2548:
2528:
2523:
2513:
2473:
2150:
2079:
1869:
1080:
1063:
463:
295:
211:
1454:"Helicopter parents: Hovering may have effect as kids transition to adulthood"
1431:
1040:
3070:
2927:
2897:
2857:
2837:
2806:
2766:
2680:
2543:
2452:
2397:
2392:
2334:
2165:
2001:
1986:
1971:
1884:
1844:
1633:
1609:
1594:
1570:
1130:
903:
306:
273:
218:
1625:
1586:
1480:"Mott Poll Report: Parent efforts insufficient to promote teen independence"
1338:
2877:
2867:
2695:
2493:
2344:
2329:
2185:
2175:
1961:
1356:
1161:
972:
575:
565:
548:
535:
492:
354:
342:
304:
has been compared to western helicopter parenting. Nancy Gibbs writing for
277:
195:
187:
2912:
2700:
2503:
2478:
2324:
2160:
2145:
1931:
1859:
1849:
986:
Locke, Judith Y.; Campbell, Marilyn A.; Kavanagh, David (December 2012).
661:
581:
509:
498:
191:
151:
143:
132:
1004:
987:
237:
has been an aggravating factor in the rise of helicopter parenting (see
3042:
2917:
2902:
2821:
2756:
2518:
2412:
2215:
2140:
2084:
2054:
1991:
1889:
1513:"A quarter of moms, dads raising teens say they are helicopter parents"
964:
560:
555:
172:
171:
level as well, such as advocating for their adult child's admission to
116:
47:
deal primarily with the United States and China and do not represent a
2209:
2180:
2155:
2039:
1894:
1808:
1758:
1540:
183:
147:
99:
Cartoon demonstrating and making jest of the term "helicopter parent"
2610:
2842:
2498:
2432:
1839:
911:
391:
457:
330:
in which she urges parents to avoid "overhelping" their children.
154:
officials have also reported similar behavior from these parents.
2973:
2135:
2099:
1675:"Meet the 'lawnmower parent,' the new helicopter parents of 2018"
1607:
1568:
1267:"Mullendore: Cell phone is umbilical cord for helicopter parents"
429:
357:
on children's health by the C.S. Mott Children's Hospital at the
1608:
C. Bradley-Geist, Jill; B. Olson-Buchanan, Julie (May 6, 2014).
1569:
C. Bradley-Geist, Jill; B. Olson-Buchanan, Julie (May 6, 2014).
2995:
2852:
2359:
2278:
1874:
1834:
1829:
1824:
890:
Somers, Patricia; Settle, Jim (2010). "The Helicopter Parent".
570:
443:
417:
127:
The metaphor appeared as early as 1969 in the bestselling book
1529:
1494:"Failure to Launch: Parents are barriers to teen independence"
1371:"'Helicopter parents' have more meaningful lives, study finds"
1123:
679:
586:
420:, parents that would be considered helicopter parents in the
1777:
404:. The phrase "lawnmower parent," coined by Karen Fancher of
1966:
381:
as better social self-efficacy and graduate school goals.
2240:
1687:"Sherpa, snowplow or drone: What's your parenting style?"
869:"Only Baby Boomers Could Afford to Be Helicopter Parents"
745:
186:
describes helicopter parenting as the parenting style of
927:"Why 'tents of love' are popping up in Chinese colleges"
29:
Term for a parent who closely manages their child's life
1289:
1062:
Moilanen, Kristin L.; Lynn Manuel, Mary (August 2019).
985:
1105:
International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health
439:
1323:"The Baby Boomers' Intergenerational Relationships"
1061:
925:Wang, Serenitie; Hunt, Katie (September 12, 2016).
369:, and may even extend into a vicenarian rebellion.
286:elaborates on myths about helicopter parenting: "t
846:"Meet Mr. and Mrs. Gen X: A New Parent Generation"
1556:"What leader are you? It depends on your parents"
3068:
1271:The University of Georgia – College of Education
950:
794:"Helicopter Parenting—It's Worse Than You Think"
142:began using it in the early 2000s as the oldest
1684:
1649:"How the Snowplow Parenting Trend Affects Kids"
1646:
848:. AASA – The School Superintendents Association
1212:
992:Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling
2626:
1793:
589:animated film involving helicopter parenting)
408:, has the same meaning as "snowplow parent."
45:The examples and perspective in this article
1672:
1510:
889:
767:"Dear Parents: Please Relax, It's Just Camp"
1102:
823:"Helicopter Parents Hover In The Workplace"
341:professor Richard Mullendore described the
2633:
2619:
1800:
1786:
1539:
1415:
1346:
1320:
1166:"The Seven Myths of Helicopter Parenting"
1079:
1003:
816:
814:
712:Henderson, J. Maureen (January 7, 2013).
711:
400:used the term in its 2019 article on the
83:Learn how and when to remove this message
1767:Overbearing Helicopter Parents Keep Tabs
924:
866:
736:
734:
373:performance in a group of 500 students.
150:about grades the children had received.
94:
1703:
552:episode involving helicopter parenting)
14:
3069:
3056:Index of youth rights–related articles
1160:
1129:
1029:The American Journal of Family Therapy
820:
811:
764:
2640:
2614:
1781:
1295:
1237:
1189:
1026:
946:
944:
867:Kendzior, Sarah (November 12, 2014).
821:Ludden, Jennifer (February 6, 2012).
731:
634:
411:
298:parenting style depicted in the book
272:has written on helicopter parenting.
742:Confessions of a 'Helicopter Parent'
607:
605:
603:
31:
1704:Carling, Maria (October 31, 2011).
1673:Sonja Haller (September 19, 2018).
1419:Journal of Child and Family Studies
1068:Journal of Child and Family Studies
384:
257:. Research in the past referred to
214:described as "rooted in paranoia".
24:
2600:Parents Against Child Exploitation
1741:on helicopter parents at colleges.
1706:"A Second Take on Swedish Parents"
1647:Maguire, Cheryl (March 10, 2023).
1192:"Roaring Tigers, Anxious Choppers"
941:
539:dealing with helicopter parenting)
25:
3098:
2570:Mothers Apart from Their Children
1726:
1685:Jennifer Graham (April 5, 2019).
1190:Gibbs, Nancy (January 29, 2011).
668:, p. 18, New York, NY: Scribner.
611:
600:
280:, commenting on Levine's work in
164:The Chronicle of Higher Education
1238:Brown, Emma (October 16, 2015).
843:
687:"9 Words for Types of Parenting"
456:
442:
36:
3027:The Teenage Liberation Handbook
2428:Management of domestic violence
2274:Corporal punishment in the home
1772:the Minaret (student newspaper)
1697:
1666:
1640:
1601:
1562:
1548:
1523:
1504:
1498:University of Michigan Medicine
1486:
1472:
1446:
1409:
1389:
1363:
1321:Fingerman, Karen (April 2012).
1314:
1259:
1231:
1206:
1183:
1154:
1096:
1055:
1020:
979:
918:
883:
860:
837:
635:Morin, Amy (January 29, 2018).
486:Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother
301:Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother
2964:Age of criminal responsibility
2585:National Fatherhood Initiative
1746:Roots, wings & helicopters
1511:Ebony Bowden (July 22, 2019).
1213:Lythcott-Haims, Julie (2015).
1140:The New York Times Book Review
786:
765:Kelley, Tina (July 26, 2008).
758:
705:
654:
628:
244:
13:
1:
2590:National Parents Organization
2315:Adverse childhood experiences
1807:
594:
353:According to a 2019 national
264:
129:Between Parent & Teenager
2355:Effects of domestic violence
1997:Social emotional development
204:booming economy of the 1990s
122:
7:
3087:Pejorative terms for people
2986:Counterculture of the 1960s
2722:Community youth development
2171:Identification (psychology)
1532:Washington State University
1373:. Telegraph. Archived from
752:September 26, 2007, at the
666:Between Parent and Teenager
435:
424:are instead referred to as
59:, discuss the issue on the
10:
3103:
2737:Positive youth development
2595:Parent–teacher association
2370:Parental abuse by children
2251:Positive Parenting Program
2201:Parent management training
2196:Normative social influence
1081:10.1007/s10826-019-01433-5
333:
3051:
3021:Taking Children Seriously
2946:
2923:School-to-prison pipeline
2830:
2747:Student-centered learning
2709:
2648:
2580:National Childbirth Trust
2557:
2466:
2383:
2375:Stress in early childhood
2307:
2259:
2118:
2095:Taking children seriously
2015:
1927:Applied behavior analysis
1910:
1815:
1432:10.1007/s10826-013-9716-3
1041:10.1080/01926180802534247
748:), retrieved May 1, 2006
616:. Healthy Living Magazine
182:Generational demographer
3016:Subcultures of the 1950s
3006:International Youth Year
2671:Intergenerational equity
2236:The talk (sex education)
1947:Developmental psychology
525:Mother (Pink Floyd song)
259:overprotective mothering
251:overprotective parenting
224:
157:
2717:Anarchistic free school
2686:Youth-adult partnership
2443:Parental responsibility
2403:Cost of raising a child
1626:10.1108/et-10-2012-0096
1587:10.1108/et-10-2012-0096
691:www.merriam-webster.com
239:little emperor syndrome
140:academic administrators
2980:The Catcher in the Rye
1752:June 25, 2007, at the
1135:"How to Raise a Child"
892:College and University
614:"Helicopter Parenting"
422:English-speaking world
359:University of Michigan
100:
3011:LGBT student movement
2959:Age of consent reform
2933:Youth control complex
2565:Families Need Fathers
2126:After-school activity
2050:Concerted cultivation
2045:Buddha-like parenting
1977:Nature versus nurture
1942:Cognitive development
1339:10.1093/geront/gnr139
1217:. Henry Holt and Co.
515:Concerted cultivation
481:(Japanese equivalent)
402:Varsity Blues scandal
339:University of Georgia
98:
2727:Democratic education
2661:Free-range parenting
2423:Right to family life
2350:Dysfunctional family
2060:Free-range parenting
2035:Attachment parenting
2025:Achievement ideology
1614:Education + Training
1575:Education + Training
1405:. September 3, 2015.
953:Psychological Review
501:("education mother")
473:Free-range parenting
324:Julie Lythcott-Haims
208:free-range parenting
65:create a new article
57:improve this article
2792:Youth participation
2787:Youth organizations
2691:Youth mainstreaming
2656:Evolving capacities
2438:Parental alienation
2365:Narcissistic parent
2289:Positive discipline
2110:Work at home parent
2090:Strict father model
2075:Nurturant parenting
1982:Parental investment
1817:Kinship terminology
1735:Wall Street Journal
1377:on November 3, 2013
1296:Alsop, Ron (2008).
1245:The Washington Post
1005:10.1017/jgc.2012.29
898:(1): 18–24, 26–27.
406:Duquesne University
2797:Youth philanthropy
2666:Future generations
2484:T. Berry Brazelton
2221:Social integration
1957:Identity formation
1277:on January 7, 2019
965:10.1037/rev0000024
772:The New York Times
531:Father Knows Worst
520:Hong Kong children
412:In other languages
398:The New York Times
230:Tianjin University
101:
3064:
3063:
3033:Teenage rebellion
3001:Hungry generation
2888:Helicopter parent
2732:Popular education
2642:Youth empowerment
2608:
2607:
2418:Family disruption
2340:Cinderella effect
2320:Child abandonment
2294:Tactical ignoring
2191:Moral development
2070:Helicopter parent
2065:Gatekeeper parent
2030:Atlas personality
2007:Social psychology
1952:Human development
1937:Child development
1922:Attachment theory
1402:Independent.co.uk
1327:The Gerontologist
1307:978-0-470-22954-5
1224:978-1-62779-177-9
1164:(July 31, 2012).
1133:(July 27, 2012).
693:. Merriam Webster
533:" (an episode of
367:teenage rebellion
105:helicopter parent
93:
92:
85:
67:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
3094:
3077:1990s neologisms
2954:Age of candidacy
2908:Parental respect
2873:Fear of children
2848:Age restrictions
2777:Youth leadership
2772:Youth engagement
2742:Student activism
2676:Leaving the nest
2635:
2628:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2458:Shared parenting
2269:Blanket training
2261:Child discipline
1901:In loco parentis
1880:Shared parenting
1802:
1795:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1710:Psychology Today
1701:
1695:
1694:
1682:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1558:. April 5, 2020.
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1500:. July 22, 2019.
1490:
1484:
1483:
1482:. July 22, 2019.
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1273:. Archived from
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1074:(8): 2145–2158.
1059:
1053:
1052:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1007:
983:
977:
976:
948:
939:
938:
936:
934:
922:
916:
915:
887:
881:
880:
878:
876:
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
841:
835:
834:
832:
830:
818:
809:
808:
806:
804:
798:Psychology Today
790:
784:
783:
781:
779:
762:
756:
738:
729:
728:
726:
724:
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
683:
677:
658:
652:
651:
649:
647:
632:
626:
625:
623:
621:
609:
505:Parenting styles
466:
461:
460:
452:
450:Education portal
447:
446:
426:curlingföräldrar
385:Related concepts
235:one-child policy
109:cosseting parent
88:
81:
77:
74:
68:
40:
39:
32:
21:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3047:
2969:Beat Generation
2942:
2938:Youth exclusion
2893:Infantilization
2863:Eleutherophobia
2826:
2782:Youth-led media
2705:
2644:
2639:
2609:
2604:
2553:
2534:Matthew Sanders
2489:Rudolf Dreikurs
2462:
2448:Parents' rights
2408:Deadbeat parent
2385:
2379:
2303:
2255:
2231:The talk (race)
2114:
2105:Tiger parenting
2011:
1906:
1855:Extended family
1811:
1806:
1754:Wayback Machine
1729:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1702:
1698:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1645:
1641:
1606:
1602:
1567:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1528:
1524:
1509:
1505:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1460:. June 28, 2016
1452:
1451:
1447:
1414:
1410:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1300:. Jossey-Bass.
1294:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1128:
1124:
1101:
1097:
1060:
1056:
1025:
1021:
984:
980:
949:
942:
932:
930:
923:
919:
888:
884:
874:
872:
871:. Yahoo Finance
865:
861:
851:
849:
842:
838:
828:
826:
819:
812:
802:
800:
792:
791:
787:
777:
775:
763:
759:
754:Wayback Machine
740:Briggs, Sarah;
739:
732:
722:
720:
710:
706:
696:
694:
685:
684:
680:
659:
655:
645:
643:
633:
629:
619:
617:
610:
601:
597:
592:
479:Monster parents
462:
455:
448:
441:
438:
414:
387:
336:
270:Madeline Levine
267:
247:
227:
177:business school
169:graduate school
160:
125:
107:(also called a
89:
78:
72:
69:
54:
41:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3100:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3038:UK underground
3035:
3030:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2947:Related topics
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2812:Youth suffrage
2809:
2804:
2802:Youth politics
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2762:Youth activism
2759:
2754:
2752:Student rights
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2575:Mothers' Union
2572:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2549:Benjamin Spock
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2529:Penelope Leach
2526:
2524:Annette Lareau
2521:
2516:
2514:Alan E. Kazdin
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2474:Mary Ainsworth
2470:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2386:social aspects
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2151:Dishabituation
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2080:Slow parenting
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1911:Theories
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1890:Blended family
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1870:Nuclear family
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1763:
1742:
1728:
1727:External links
1725:
1723:
1722:
1696:
1665:
1639:
1620:(4): 314–328.
1600:
1581:(4): 314–328.
1561:
1547:
1522:
1503:
1485:
1471:
1445:
1426:(3): 548–557.
1408:
1388:
1362:
1333:(2): 199–209.
1313:
1306:
1288:
1258:
1230:
1223:
1205:
1182:
1153:
1131:Warner, Judith
1122:
1111:(4): 413–422.
1095:
1054:
1035:(3): 258–271.
1019:
998:(2): 249–265.
978:
959:(3): 291–304.
940:
917:
882:
859:
836:
810:
785:
757:
730:
704:
678:
653:
627:
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
540:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
496:
489:
482:
476:
469:
468:
467:
464:Society portal
453:
437:
434:
413:
410:
386:
383:
335:
332:
266:
263:
246:
243:
226:
223:
212:Lenore Skenazy
159:
156:
124:
121:
91:
90:
51:of the subject
49:worldwide view
44:
42:
35:
28:
18:Overprotective
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3099:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2928:Vicariousness
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Intrusiveness
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:Control freak
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Adultcentrism
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:Youth service
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:Youth council
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2681:Student voice
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:Organizations
2556:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:B. F. Skinner
2542:
2540:
2539:William Sears
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Thomas Gordon
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:Child support
2396:
2394:
2393:Child custody
2391:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:Child neglect
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:Homeschooling
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:Socialization
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1987:Paternal bond
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1972:Maternal bond
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:Single parent
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1845:Alloparenting
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1481:
1475:
1459:
1458:Science Daily
1455:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1251:September 18,
1247:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1193:
1186:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:Roiphe, Katie
1157:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
982:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
947:
945:
933:September 18,
928:
921:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
886:
870:
863:
847:
840:
824:
817:
815:
799:
795:
789:
774:
773:
768:
761:
755:
751:
747:
743:
737:
735:
719:
715:
708:
692:
688:
682:
675:
674:0-02-543350-4
671:
667:
663:
657:
642:
638:
631:
615:
612:Weber, Jill.
608:
606:
604:
599:
588:
584:
583:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
551:
550:
545:
541:
538:
537:
532:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
500:
497:
495:
494:
490:
488:
487:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
470:
465:
459:
454:
451:
445:
440:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
393:
382:
378:
374:
370:
368:
362:
360:
356:
351:
347:
344:
340:
331:
329:
325:
321:
316:
313:
312:tiger mothers
309:
308:
303:
302:
297:
292:
289:
285:
284:
279:
275:
274:Judith Warner
271:
262:
260:
256:
255:overparenting
252:
242:
240:
236:
231:
222:
220:
219:vicariousness
215:
213:
209:
205:
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
134:
130:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
97:
87:
84:
76:
66:
62:
58:
52:
50:
43:
34:
33:
27:
19:
3025:
2978:
2887:
2878:Gerontocracy
2868:Ephebiphobia
2696:Youth rights
2494:David Elkind
2345:Codependency
2330:Child labour
2186:Latchkey kid
2176:Introjection
2069:
1962:Introjection
1912:
1899:
1865:Noncustodial
1771:
1766:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1732:August 2005
1713:. Retrieved
1709:
1699:
1691:Deseret News
1690:
1678:
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:
1642:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1550:
1531:
1525:
1516:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1457:
1448:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1400:
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:the original
1365:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1297:
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1275:the original
1270:
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1243:
1233:
1214:
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1138:
1125:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1032:
1028:
1022:
995:
991:
981:
956:
952:
931:. Retrieved
920:
895:
891:
885:
873:. Retrieved
862:
850:. Retrieved
844:Howe, Neil.
839:
827:. Retrieved
801:. Retrieved
797:
788:
776:. Retrieved
770:
760:
721:. Retrieved
717:
707:
695:. Retrieved
690:
681:
665:
656:
644:. Retrieved
640:
630:
618:. Retrieved
580:
576:Tiger mother
566:Stage mother
549:Black Mirror
547:
536:The Simpsons
534:
493:Harvard Girl
491:
484:
425:
415:
397:
390:
388:
379:
375:
371:
363:
352:
348:
343:mobile phone
337:
327:
317:
305:
299:
293:
287:
281:
278:Katie Roiphe
268:
258:
254:
250:
248:
228:
216:
201:
196:Generation X
181:
162:
161:
137:
128:
126:
112:
111:or simply a
108:
104:
102:
79:
73:January 2023
70:
60:
46:
26:
2913:Paternalism
2701:Youth voice
2504:Haim Ginott
2479:John Bowlby
2325:Child abuse
2245:educational
2161:Habituation
2146:Co-sleeping
1932:Behaviorism
1860:Foster care
1850:Coparenting
1658:November 5,
1653:Parents.com
1381:November 6,
662:Haim Ginott
582:Turning Red
510:Parentalism
499:Kyoiku mama
432:parents").
245:In research
190:parents of
188:baby boomer
152:Summer camp
144:millennials
133:Haim Ginott
117:helicopters
3071:Categories
3043:Voting age
2918:Patriarchy
2903:Narcissism
2822:Youth work
2817:Youth vote
2757:Teen court
2519:Truby King
2413:Disownment
2226:Television
2216:Role model
2141:Child care
2119:Techniques
2085:Soccer mom
2055:Enmeshment
1992:Pediatrics
1534:(Report).
1117:1864149721
595:References
561:Soccer mom
556:Narcissism
265:Literature
192:millennial
173:law school
148:professors
3082:Parenting
2883:Grounding
2453:Paternity
2384:Legal and
2284:Grounding
2181:Kommune 1
2156:Education
2131:Allowance
2040:Baby talk
1895:Surrogacy
1809:Parenting
1759:USA Today
1679:USA Today
1634:0040-0912
1595:0040-0912
1541:2376/5354
1281:April 20,
1175:August 1,
1090:254600570
1049:145113443
1014:145730570
904:667785385
875:April 26,
852:April 19,
829:April 26,
723:April 26,
697:March 22,
646:March 25,
210:advocate
184:Neil Howe
123:Etymology
61:talk page
2843:Adultism
2831:Barriers
2649:Elements
2499:Jo Frost
2433:Marriage
2299:Time-out
1875:Orphaned
1840:Adoptive
1750:Archived
1715:March 8,
1464:July 12,
1440:54218169
1357:22250130
1146:July 31,
1113:ProQuest
973:26845385
912:EJ899286
778:July 28,
750:Archived
664:(1969),
544:Arkangel
436:See also
392:snowplow
320:Stanford
113:cosseter
55:You may
2996:Hippies
2991:Greaser
2974:Beatnik
2467:Experts
2243: (
2208: (
2136:Bedtime
2100:Theybie
1770:. From
1756:. From
1739:article
1517:NY Post
1348:3304890
1198:May 28,
803:May 17,
641:Inc.com
620:May 28,
430:curling
334:Effects
318:Former
296:Chinese
131:by Dr.
2853:Ageism
2360:Incest
2279:Curfew
2017:Styles
1835:Father
1830:Mother
1825:Parent
1632:
1593:
1438:
1355:
1345:
1304:
1221:
1194:. Time
1115:
1088:
1047:
1012:
971:
910:
902:
718:Forbes
672:
571:Spying
418:Sweden
394:parent
2710:Types
2308:Abuse
1915:Areas
1436:S2CID
1170:Slate
1086:S2CID
1045:S2CID
1010:S2CID
929:. CNN
825:. NPR
587:Pixar
546:" (a
389:The "
322:dean
283:Slate
225:China
158:Roots
63:, or
2210:date
2206:Play
1967:Love
1717:2022
1660:2023
1630:ISSN
1591:ISSN
1466:2017
1383:2013
1353:PMID
1302:ISBN
1283:2016
1253:2016
1219:ISBN
1200:2016
1177:2012
1148:2012
969:PMID
935:2016
908:ERIC
900:OCLC
877:2016
854:2016
831:2016
805:2016
780:2008
725:2016
699:2021
670:ISBN
660:Dr.
648:2021
622:2016
355:poll
307:Time
294:The
2241:Toy
1622:doi
1583:doi
1536:hdl
1428:doi
1343:PMC
1335:doi
1076:doi
1037:doi
1000:doi
961:doi
957:123
746:PDF
585:(A
416:In
253:or
241:).
175:or
3073::
1708:.
1689:.
1683:;
1677:.
1651:.
1628:.
1618:56
1616:.
1612:.
1589:.
1579:56
1577:.
1573:.
1515:.
1496:.
1456:.
1434:.
1424:23
1422:.
1399:.
1351:.
1341:.
1331:52
1329:.
1325:.
1269:.
1242:.
1168:.
1137:.
1107:.
1084:.
1072:28
1070:.
1066:.
1043:.
1033:37
1031:.
1008:.
996:22
994:.
990:.
967:.
955:.
943:^
906:.
896:86
894:.
813:^
796:.
769:.
733:^
716:.
689:.
639:.
602:^
428:("
288:is
221:.
103:A
2634:e
2627:t
2620:v
2247:)
2212:)
1913:·
1801:e
1794:t
1787:v
1774:.
1762:.
1719:.
1693:.
1681:.
1662:.
1636:.
1624::
1597:.
1585::
1544:.
1538::
1519:.
1468:.
1442:.
1430::
1385:.
1359:.
1337::
1310:.
1285:.
1255:.
1227:.
1202:.
1179:.
1150:.
1119:.
1109:9
1092:.
1078::
1051:.
1039::
1016:.
1002::
975:.
963::
937:.
914:.
879:.
856:.
833:.
807:.
782:.
744:(
727:.
701:.
676:.
650:.
624:.
542:"
529:"
86:)
80:(
75:)
71:(
53:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.png)