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conceptual error". However, Goldstein cautioned that PISA has been "used inappropriately", contending that some of the blame for this "lies with PISA itself. I think it tends to say too much for what it can do and it tends not to publicise the negative or the weaker aspects." Professors
Morrison and Goldstein expressed dismay at the OECD's response to criticism. Morrison said that when he first published his criticisms of PISA in 2004 and also personally queried several of the OECD's "senior people" about them, his points were met with "absolute silence" and have yet to be addressed. "I was amazed at how unforthcoming they were," he told TES. "That makes me suspicious." "Pisa steadfastly ignored many of these issues," he says. "I am still concerned."
17513:, led a fact-finding visit to schools and teacher-training centres in Shanghai. Britain increased exchanges with Chinese teachers and schools to find out how to improve quality. In 2014, 60 teachers from Shanghai were invited to the UK to help share their teaching methods, support pupils who are struggling, and help to train other teachers. In 2016, Britain invited 120 Chinese teachers, planning to adopt Chinese styles of teaching in 8,000 aided schools. By 2019, approximately 5,000 of Britain's 16,000 primary schools had adopted the Shanghai's teaching methods. The performance of British schools in PISA improved after adopting China's teaching styles.
302:
themselves); they also fed the government's discourse about the issue of pupils repeating a year, (which, according to research, fails to improve student results). In
Finland, the country's PISA results (that are in other countries deemed to be excellent) were used by Ministers to promote new policies for 'gifted' students. Such uses and interpretations often assume causal relationships that cannot legitimately be based upon PISA data which would normally require fuller investigation through qualitative in-depth studies and longitudinal surveys based on mixed quantitative and qualitative methods, which politicians are often reluctant to fund.
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unprecedented scale* on themes ranging from the conditions for learning mathematics and reading, to institutional autonomy and admissions policies. They allow typologies to be developed that can be used for comparative statistical analyses of education performance indicators, thereby identifying the consequences of different policy choices. They have generated new knowledge about education: PISA findings have challenged deeply embedded educational practices, such as the early tracking of students into vocational or academic pathways.
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degree of 'policy transfer' from the international to the national level; PISA in particular is having "an influential normative effect on the direction of national education policies". Thus, it is argued that the use of international standardised assessments has led to a shift towards international, external accountability for national system performance; Rey contends that PISA surveys, portrayed as objective, third-party diagnoses of education systems, actually serve to promote specific orientations on educational issues.
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of the major policy decisions that are being based upon them, for, according to
Breakspear, PISA data have "come to increasingly shape, define and evaluate the key goals of the national / federal education system". This implies that those who set the PISA tests – e.g. in choosing the content to be assessed and not assessed – are in a position of considerable power to set the terms of the education debate, and to orient educational reform in many countries around the globe.
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as in the French
Community of Belgium". In such instances, PISA assessment data are used selectively: in public discourse governments often only use superficial features of PISA surveys such as country rankings and not the more detailed analyses. Rey (2010:145, citing Greger, 2008) notes that often the real results of PISA assessments are ignored as policymakers selectively refer to data in order to legitimise policies introduced for other reasons.
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education) has concluded that there was a socio-cultural disconnect between the questions and Indian students. The ministry will write to the OECD and drive home the need to factor in India's "socio-cultural milieu". India's participation in the next PISA cycle will hinge on this". The Indian
Express also noted that "Considering that over 70 nations participate in PISA, it is uncertain whether an exception would be made for India".
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212:(OECD) in member and non-member nations intended to evaluate educational systems by measuring 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and reading. It was first performed in 2000 and then repeated every three years. Its aim is to provide comparable data with a view to enabling countries to improve their education policies and outcomes. It measures problem solving and cognition.
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hour answering a questionnaire on their background including learning habits, motivation, and family. School directors fill in a questionnaire describing school demographics, funding, etc. In 2012 the participants were, for the first time in the history of large-scale testing and assessments, offered a new type of problem, i.e. interactive (complex) problems requiring exploration of a novel virtual device.
391:
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instruments are being used as best-practice models for improving national assessments; many countries have explicitly incorporated and emphasise PISA-like competencies in revised national standards and curricula; others use PISA data to complement national data and validate national results against an international benchmark.
17522:
by four other
European countries. The drop in mathematics was 25 points since 2003, the last time mathematics was the focus of the tests. For the first time Finnish girls outperformed boys in mathematics narrowly. It was also the first time pupils in Finnish-speaking schools did not perform better than pupils in
17644:
expressed disappointment in the results, said that there were no "quick fixes", but hoped that several educational reforms that have been implemented in the last few years would give better results in the next round of tests. The United
Kingdom had a greater gap between high- and low-scoring students
17521:
Finland, which received several top positions in the first tests, fell in all three subjects in 2012, but remained the best performing country overall in Europe, achieving their best result in science with 545 points (5th) and worst in mathematics with 519 (12th) in which the country was outperformed
17453:
as separate entities. In 2012, Shanghai participated for the second time, again topping the rankings in all three subjects, as well as improving scores in the subjects compared to the 2009 tests. Shanghai's score of 613 in mathematics was 113 points above the average score, putting the performance of
463:
PISA never combines mathematics, science and reading domain scores into an overall score. However, commentators have sometimes combined test results from all three domains into an overall country ranking. Such meta-analysis is not endorsed by the OECD, although official summaries sometimes use scores
417:
Germany does this in a very extensive way: On the day following the international test, students take a national test called PISA-E (E=Ergänzung=complement). Test items of PISA-E are closer to TIMSS than to PISA. While only about 5,000 German students participate in the international and the national
340:
The PISA mathematics literacy test asks students to apply their mathematical knowledge to solve problems set in real-world contexts. To solve the problems students must activate a number of mathematical competencies as well as a broad range of mathematical content knowledge. TIMSS, on the other hand,
305:
Recent decades have witnessed an expansion in the uses of PISA and similar assessments, from assessing students' learning, to connecting "the educational realm (their traditional remit) with the political realm". This raises the question of whether PISA data are sufficiently robust to bear the weight
297:
National policy actors refer to high-performing PISA countries to "help legitimise and justify their intended reform agenda within contested national policy debates". PISA data can be "used to fuel long-standing debates around pre-existing conflicts or rivalries between different policy options, such
290:
led ultimately to an agreement by all Länder to introduce common national standards and even an institutionalised structure to ensure that they were observed. In
Hungary, by comparison, which shared similar conditions to Germany, PISA results have not led to significant changes in educational policy.
18888:
Although PISA and TIMSS officials and researchers themselves generally refrain from hypothesizing about the large and stable differences in student achievement between countries, since 2000, literature on the differences in PISA and TIMSS results and their possible causes has emerged. Data from PISA
17686:
was quoted as saying that when the OECD tries to rule out questions suspected of bias, it can have the effect of "smoothing out" key differences between countries. "That is leaving out many of the important things," he warned. "They simply don't get commented on. What you are looking at is something
370:
The students tested by PISA are aged between 15 years and 3 months and 16 years and 2 months at the beginning of the assessment period. The school year pupils are in is not taken into consideration. Only students at school are tested, not home-schoolers. In PISA 2006, however, several countries also
272:
Emerging research suggests that international standardised assessments are having an impact on national assessment policy and practice. PISA is being integrated into national policies and practices on assessment, evaluation, curriculum standards and performance targets; its assessment frameworks and
263:
Barroso and de
Carvalho find that PISA provides a common reference connecting academic research in education and the political realm of public policy, operating as a mediator between different strands of knowledge from the realm of education and public policy. However, although the key findings from
17564:
decided to end the boycott and participate in PISA from 2020. To address the socio-cultural disconnect between the test questions and students, it was reported that the OECD will update some questions. For example, the word avocado in a question may be replaced with a more popular Indian fruit such
446:
distribution of student competencies allows estimation of the proficiency distributions of groups of participating students. The scaling and conditioning procedures are described in nearly identical terms in the
Technical Reports of PISA 2000, 2003, 2006. NAEP and TIMSS use similar scaling methods.
398:
Each student takes a two-hour computer based test. Part of the test is multiple-choice and part involves fuller answers. There are six and a half hours of assessment material, but each student is not tested on all the parts. Following the cognitive test, participating students spend nearly one more
254:
Data from international standardised assessments can be useful in research on causal factors within or across education systems. Mons notes that the databases generated by large-scale international assessments have made it possible to carry out inventories and comparisons of education systems on an
17501:
shows a steep drop off in the number of 15-year-olds residing there. According to Schleicher, 27% of Shanghai's 15-year-olds are excluded from its school system (and hence from testing). As a result, the percentage of Shanghai's 15-year-olds tested by PISA was 73%, lower than the 89% tested in the
455:
All PISA results are tabulated by country; recent PISA cycles have separate provincial or regional results for some countries. Most public attention concentrates on just one outcome: the mean scores of countries and their rankings of countries against one another. In the official reports, however,
344:
In the reading test, "OECD/PISA does not measure the extent to which 15-year-old students are fluent readers or how competent they are at word recognition tasks or spelling." Instead, they should be able to "construct, extend and reflect on the meaning of what they have read across a wide range of
289:
Against this, impact on national education systems varies markedly. For example, in Germany, the results of the first PISA assessment caused the so-called 'PISA shock': a questioning of previously accepted educational policies; in a state marked by jealously guarded regional policy differences, it
285:
Policy-makers in most participating countries see PISA as an important indicator of system performance; PISA reports can define policy problems and set the agenda for national policy debate; policymakers seem to accept PISA as a valid and reliable instrument for internationally benchmarking system
17592:
Sweden's result dropped in all three subjects in the 2012 test, which was a continuation of a trend from 2006 and 2009. It saw the sharpest fall in mathematics performance with a drop in score from 509 in 2003 to 478 in 2012. The score in reading showed a drop from 516 in 2000 to 483 in 2012. The
17538:
India participated in the 2009 round of testing but pulled out of the 2012 PISA testing, with the Indian government attributing its action to the unfairness of PISA testing to Indian students. India had ranked 72nd out of 73 countries tested in 2009. The Indian Express reported, "The ministry (of
301:
In addition, PISA's international comparisons can be used to justify reforms with which the data themselves have no connection; in Portugal, for example, PISA data were used to justify new arrangements for teacher assessment (based on inferences that were not justified by the assessments and data
19888:
PISA 2006 reading literacy results are not reported for the United States because of an error in printing the test booklets. Furthermore, as a result of the printing error, the mean performance in mathematics and science may be misestimated by approximately 1 score point. The impact is below one
17693:
mathematician Dr. Hugh Morrison stated that he found the statistical model underlying PISA to contain a fundamental, insoluble mathematical error that renders Pisa rankings "valueless". Goldstein remarked that Dr. Morrison's objection highlights "an important technical issue" if not a "profound
293:
Because many countries have set national performance targets based on their relative rank or absolute PISA score, PISA assessments have increased the influence of their (non-elected) commissioning body, the OECD, as an international education monitor and policy actor, which implies an important
426:
From the beginning, PISA has been designed with one particular method of data analysis in mind. Since students work on different test booklets, raw scores must be 'scaled' to allow meaningful comparisons. Scores are thus scaled so that the OECD average in each domain (mathematics, reading and
226:
PISA was conceived to set in a wider context the information provided by national monitoring of education system performance through regular assessments within a common, internationally agreed framework; by investigating relationships between student learning and other factors they can "offer
281:
PISA may influence national education policy choices in a variety of ways. Participation in international assessments like PISA has been linked to significant education policy changes and outcomes, such as higher student enrollments and education reforms. However, critics have argued that
418:
test, another 45,000 take the national test only. This large sample is needed to allow an analysis by federal states. Following a clash about the interpretation of 2006 results, the OECD warned Germany that it might withdraw the right to use the "PISA" label for national tests.
19482:"Greger, D. (2008). 'Lorsque PISA importe peu. Le cas de la République Tchèque et de l'Allemagne', Revue française de pédagogie, 164, 91–98. cited in Rey O, 'The use of external assessments and the impact on education systems' in CIDREE Yearbook 2010, accessed January 2017"
230:
Until the 1990s, few European countries used national tests. In the 1990s, ten countries / regions introduced standardised assessment, and since the early 2000s, ten more followed suit. By 2009, only five European education systems had no national student assessments.
341:
measures more traditional classroom content such as an understanding of fractions and decimals and the relationship between them (curriculum attainment). PISA claims to measure education's application to real-life problems and lifelong learning (workforce knowledge).
19721:
Analytics in International Large-Scale Assessments: Item Response Theory and Population Models, chapter 7 in Rutkowski, L. von Davier, M. & Rutkowski, D. (eds.) Handbook of International Large-Scale Assessment: Background, Technical Issues, and Methods of Data
442:(IRT), also known as conditioning model or population model. The proficiency estimates are provided in the form of so-called plausible values, which allow unbiased estimates of differences between groups. The latent regression, together with the use of a Gaussian
17701:, agreed: "One of the problems that everybody has with PISA is that they don't want to discuss things with people criticising or asking questions concerning the results. They didn't want to talk to me at all. I am sure it is because they can't defend themselves.
348:
PISA also assesses students in innovative domains. In 2012 and 2015 in addition to reading, mathematics and science, they were tested in collaborative problem solving. In 2018 the additional innovative domain was global competence.
19705:
Linking Scales in International Large-Scale Assessments, chapter 10 in Rutkowski, L. von Davier, M. & Rutkowski, D. (eds.) Handbook of International Large-Scale Assessment: Background, Technical Issues, and Methods of Data
20623:
19663:. // Translated from Russian. Reference to the original Russian text: Poddiakov, A. (2012.) Reshenie kompleksnykh problem v PISA-2012 i PISA-2015: vzaimodeistvie so slozhnoi real'nost'yu. Obrazovatel'naya Politika, 6, 34–53.
17687:
that happens to be common. But (is it) worth looking at? PISA results are taken at face value as providing some sort of common standard across countries. But as soon as you begin to unpick it, I think that all falls apart."
17490:
Critics of PISA counter that in Shanghai and other Chinese cities, most children of migrant workers can only attend city schools up to the ninth grade, and must return to their parents' hometowns for high school due to
21900:
17709:
Since 2012 a few states have participated in the PISA tests as separate entities. Only the 2012 and 2015 results are available on a state basis. Puerto Rico participated in 2015 as a separate US entity as well.
264:
comparative assessments are widely shared in the research community the knowledge they create does not necessarily fit with government reform agendas; this leads to some inappropriate uses of assessment data.
17615:
a large number of foreign-born students had not been tested. According to an article of Sveriges Radio, poor immigrant children's scores are a significant cause of the recent decrease in Swedish Pisa scores.
21785:
21630:
17675:(TES) published an article, "Is PISA Fundamentally Flawed?" by William Stewart, detailing serious critiques of PISA's conceptual foundations and methods advanced by statisticians at major universities.
18965:, Brazil shows a great disparity when classifying the results between public and private schools, where public schools would rank worse than Peru, while private schools would rank better than Finland.
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PISA, and similar international standardised assessments of educational attainment are increasingly used in the process of education policymaking at both national and international levels.
21893:
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286:
performance and changes over time; most countries—irrespective of whether they performed above, at, or below the average PISA score—have begun policy reforms in response to PISA reports.
282:
participation could lead to undesirable outcomes, such as higher repetition rates and narrowing of curricula. The impact of PISA may also vary according to the specific country context.
20407:
431:
is 100. This is true only for the initial PISA cycle when the scale was first introduced, though, subsequent cycles are linked to the previous cycles through IRT scale linking methods.
21195:
18901:, and health; as well as the roles of such single educational factors as high-stakes exams, the presence or absence of private schools and the effects and timing of ability tracking.
19578:
Egelund, N. (2008). 'The value of international comparative studies of achievement – a Danish perspective', Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 15, 3, 245–251
17662:
warned against putting too much emphasis on the UK's international ranking, arguing that an overfocus on scholarly performances in East Asia might have contributed to the area's low
21421:
20754:
19509:"The influence of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) on policy decision in Portugal: the education policies of the 17th Portuguese Constitutional Government"
21938:
21780:
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19677:
382:, where there are fewer than 5,000 students per year, an entire age cohort is tested. Some countries used much larger samples than required to allow comparisons between regions.
21886:
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460:(unlikely to be due to random fluctuations in student sampling or in item functioning). In favorable cases, a difference of 9 points is sufficient to be considered significant.
20131:
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17640:
also participated as separated entities, showing the worst result for Wales which in mathematics was 43rd of the 65 countries and economies. Minister of Education in Wales
21124:
17487:, Beijing, and Shanghai. The 2015 Beijing-Shanghai-Jiangsu-Guangdong cohort scored a median 518 in science in 2015, while the 2012 Shanghai cohort scored a median 580.
21615:
456:
country-by-country rankings are given not as simple league tables but as cross tables indicating for each pair of countries whether or not mean score differences are
21267:
21066:
19131:
McGaw, B (2008) 'The role of the OECD in international comparative studies of achievement' Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 15:3, 223–243
17458:, pointing out that Shanghai has greater wealth and better-paid teachers than the rest of China. Hong Kong placed second in reading and science and third in maths.
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restrictions, thus skewing the composition of the city's high school students in favor of wealthier local families. A population chart of Shanghai reproduced in
21033:
17454:
Shanghai pupils about 3 school years ahead of pupils in average countries. Educational experts debated to what degree this result reflected the quality of the
209:
17649:
background of students. The gender difference in favour of girls was less than in most other countries, as was the difference between natives and immigrants.
472:
The results of PISA 2022 were presented on 5 December 2023, which included data for around 700,000 participating students in 81 countries and economies, with
21714:
20312:
18992:
319:
20677:
18897:, Heiner Rindermann, and Stephen J. Ceci, with material for books and articles about the relationship between student achievement and economic development,
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19265:
Mons N, (2008) 'Évaluation des politiques éducatives et comparaisons internationales', Revue française de pédagogie, 164, juillet-août-septembre 2008 5–13
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were participants in these edition, but their results were not published as they were not able to fully collect data because of COVID restrictions.
21995:
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19589:"Behrens, 2006 cited in Rey O, 'The use of external assessments and the impact on education systems in CIDREE Yearbook 2010, accessed January 2017"
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The impact of these international standardised assessments in the field of educational policy has been significant, in terms of the creation of
21748:
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20252:
20107:
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19367:
Ertl, H. (2006). "Educational standards and the changing discourse on education: the reception and consequences of the PISA study in Germany".
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21365:
19318:
Barroso, J. and de Carvalho, L.M. (2008) 'Pisa: Un instrument de régulation pour relier des mondes', Revue française de pédagogie, 164, 77–80
20278:
21959:
21775:
21449:
21827:
21822:
21386:
19930:
17624:
In the 2012 test, as in 2009, the result was slightly above average for the United Kingdom, with the science ranking being highest (20).
323:
20376:
22025:
22020:
21985:
21508:
21454:
21396:
18986:
18916:
rank in the 65 countries is said to be between 23 and 31. It's unwise for countries to base education policy on their Pisa results, as
17502:
US. Following the 2015 testing, OECD published in depth studies on the education systems of a selected few countries including China.
21558:
21484:
21157:
21017:
20786:
Rindermann, Heiner; Ceci, Stephen J (2009), "Educational policy and country outcomes in international cognitive competence studies",
20139:
19401:
21765:
21479:
21426:
21370:
21342:
21200:
21164:
21147:
19876:
19869:
Highlights From PISA 2006: Performance of U.S. 15-Year-Old Students in Science and Mathematics Literacy in an International Context
21837:
21553:
21337:
21332:
21327:
21322:
21317:
21312:
21307:
21302:
21297:
21292:
21287:
21282:
21241:
21132:
20943:
20639:
19075:
20389:
19508:
21847:
21842:
21725:
19416:"The Policy Impact of PISA: An Exploration of the Normative Effects of International Benchmarking in School System Performance"
19288:"The Policy Impact of PISA: An Exploration of the Normative Effects of International Benchmarking in School System Performance"
18974:
17557:
17523:
19829:"PISA 2018 in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales: Is the data really representative of all four corners of the UK?"
506:, only 18 of 27 Ukrainian regions had their data collected, thus the results are not representative of the following regions:
22015:
21577:
21518:
21406:
21401:
21391:
21142:
20115:
19811:
19107:"Rey O, 'The use of external assessments and the impact on education systems' in CIDREE Yearbook 2010, accessed January 2017"
19051:
20997:
17530:
expressed concern for the overall drop, as well as the fact that the number of low-performers had increased from 7% to 12%.
21807:
21760:
21655:
21444:
21277:
21190:
20739:
Hanushek, Eric A., and Ludger Woessmann. 2011. "The economics of international differences in educational achievement." In
20582:
17580:
In 2015, the results from Malaysia were found by the OECD to have not met the maximum response rate. Opposition politician
20917:
21416:
19330:"When Do Numbers Count? The Differential Impact of the PISA Rating and Ranking on Education Policy in Germany and the US"
20226:
19934:
19592:
19485:
19110:
18958:, director of PISA, various academics and educators argued that "OECD and Pisa tests are damaging education worldwide".
21692:
21533:
21513:
20564:
17611:
revealed that Sweden had inflated their score in PISA 2018 by not conforming to OECD standards. According to professor
19962:
21812:
21640:
21625:
21016:
OECD (2014): PISA 2012 results: Creative problem solving: Students' skills in tackling real-life problems (Volume V)
21011:
20671:"A fundamental conundrum in psychology's standard model of measurement and its consequences for PISA global rankings"
19544:
Rautalin, M.; Alasuutari (2009). "The uses of the national PISA results by Finnish officials in central government".
19449:"The status of PISA in the relationship between civil society and the educational sector in French-speaking Belgium"
20859:"Does educational tracking affect performance and inequality? Differences-in-differences evidence across countries"
20451:
19448:
18951:
select PISA samples from only the best-educated areas or from their top-performing students, slanting the results.
20063:
19615:
19402:
Bajomi, I., Berényi, E., Neumann, E. and Vida, J. (2009). 'The Reception of PISA in Hungary' accessed January 2017
374:
To fulfill OECD requirements, each country must draw a sample of at least 5,000 students. In small countries like
22000:
21567:
21548:
21411:
19793:
17594:
21878:
20336:
19866:
Baldi, Stéphane; Jin, Ying; Skemer, Melanie; Green, Patricia J; Herget, Deborah; Xie, Holly (10 December 2007),
17666:, which he argued could harm the economic performance in the future more than a good PISA score would outweigh.
21861:
21687:
21572:
20505:
21990:
21563:
21210:
20743:, Vol. 3, edited by Eric A. Hanushek, Stephen Machin, and Ludger Woessmann. Amsterdam: North Holland: 89–200.
17690:
535:
21928:
21802:
21797:
20339:
17671:
17546:
20519:
22005:
19688:
Stanat, P; Artelt, C; Baumert, J; Klieme, E; Neubrand, M; Prenzel, M; Schiefele, U; Schneider, W (2002),
17333:
The Netherlands disqualified from data analysis. 11 additional non-OECD countries took the test in 2002.
503:
371:
used a grade-based sample of students. This made it possible to study how age and school year interact.
21980:
21672:
21543:
21272:
21137:
20036:
20723:
19986:
19828:
21114:
20828:
Bishop, John H (1997). "The effect of national standards and curriculum-based exams on achievement".
403:
17:
20970:"Escolas privadas de elite do Brasil superam Finlândia no Pisa, rede pública vai pior do que o Peru"
20858:
17645:
than the average. There was little difference between public and private schools when adjusted for
20830:
17698:
17510:
457:
357:
PISA is sponsored, governed, and coordinated by the OECD, but paid for by participating countries.
314:
PISA stands in a tradition of international school studies, undertaken since the late 1950s by the
20543:
20132:"William Stewart, "More than a quarter of Shanghai pupils missed by international Pisa rankings",
19329:
18962:
17600:, described the situation as a national crisis. Along with the party's spokesperson on education,
337:
the competence of students in three fields: reading, mathematics, science on an indefinite scale.
21770:
21682:
21582:
19767:
18912:
of Cambridge wrote: "Pisa does present the uncertainty in the scores and ranks - for example the
17659:
17550:
21236:
21086:
21051:
21034:
Gunda Tire: "Estonians believe in education, and this belief has been essential for centuries"
20160:
17593:
country performed below the OECD average in all three subjects. The leader of the opposition,
21735:
20116:"Are the Chinese Cheating in PISA Or Are We Cheating Ourselves?" on the OECD's website blog,
19645:
17683:
6051:
4147:
2174:
507:
31:
434:
This generation of proficiency estimates is done using a latent regression extension of the
19657:
19229:"Globalization and the Growth of International Educational Testing and National Assessment"
16993:
13071:
9935:
5430:
3503:
1553:
439:
17584:
said the education ministry tried to oversample high-performing students in rich schools.
8:
21792:
18909:
18894:
18883:
17654:
16834:
15032:
12948:
11554:
9776:
7974:
4360:
2686:
805:
523:
17353:
UK disqualified from data analysis, due to its low response rate. Also included test in
21523:
21352:
20839:
20811:
20358:
19629:
19561:
19384:
19228:
19189:
18955:
17497:
17461:
17455:
17377:
Reading scores for US disqualified from analysis due to misprint in testing materials.
14396:
11062:
7338:
6028:
4216:
2381:
428:
174:
20647:
17556:
recommended that India should participate in PISA. Accordingly, in February 2017, the
21007:
20877:
20803:
20799:
20286:
19901:
19848:
19807:
19565:
19519:
19456:
19388:
19349:
19248:
19209:
19167:
19067:
19047:
17569:
17561:
14661:
11267:
7603:
5844:
3963:
1944:
443:
19661:
Complex Problem Solving at PISA 2012 and PISA 2015: Interaction with Complex Reality
19190:"International Tests, National Assessments, and Educational Development (1970–2012)"
21866:
21094:
20873:
20815:
20795:
20769:
19840:
19799:
19553:
19427:
19376:
19341:
19299:
19240:
19201:
19157:
17679:
17637:
17612:
190:
182:
21001:
17597:
17549:(KVS) committee as well as a group of secretaries on education constituted by the
227:
insights into sources of variation in performances within and between countries".
21908:
21677:
21436:
20626:
20068:
20041:
20019:
19345:
18898:
17354:
14608:
11226:
7550:
5982:
4032:
1967:
531:
394:
PISA test documents on a school table (Neues Gymnasium, Oldenburg, Germany, 2006)
20279:"Britain jumps up international maths rankings following Chinese-style teaching"
20173:
464:
from a testing cycle's principal domain as a proxy for overall student ability.
82:
21046:
20607:
20547:
19742:
19162:
19145:
18913:
18188:
18107:
18026:
17646:
17601:
17046:
14290:
13112:
10980:
9988:
7232:
4705:
4613:
4429:
2847:
2778:
2525:
966:
874:
621:
527:
519:
515:
511:
20201:
20090:
19557:
19380:
22010:
21974:
20891:
20506:"Malaysian PISA results under scrutiny for lack of evidence – School Advisor"
20290:
19852:
19523:
19460:
19353:
19252:
19213:
19171:
18890:
18201:
18168:
18120:
18087:
18039:
18006:
17938:
17905:
17857:
17824:
17776:
17743:
17581:
17553:
17099:
13153:
10041:
4521:
2801:
1346:
20313:"UK Boost International Maths Ranking After Adopting Chinese-Style Teaching"
19518:(10). Educational Sciences R&D Unit of the University of Lisbon: 53–64.
19455:(10). Educational Sciences R&D Unit of the University of Lisbon: 15–26.
19432:
19415:
19304:
19287:
20807:
20587:
20108:
Helen Gao, "Shanghai Test Scores and the Mystery of the Missing Children",
19795:
PISA 2022 Results (Volume I): The State of Learning and Equity in Education
18239:
17527:
17492:
5752:
3917:
1990:
20491:
19867:
21251:
20773:
20408:"India chickens out of international students assessment programme again"
18223:
18142:
18061:
17925:
17844:
17763:
16728:
16039:
15986:
15350:
12866:
12333:
12292:
11800:
9670:
8981:
8928:
8292:
6074:
5936:
5131:
4751:
4544:
4406:
4262:
4101:
3008:
2732:
2709:
2548:
2358:
2312:
1081:
782:
736:
690:
435:
414:
Countries are allowed to combine PISA with complementary national tests.
21924:
Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
19803:
322:(TIMSS, started in 1995), which in turn was much influenced by the U.S.
215:
The results of the 2022 data collection were released in December 2023.
21495:
20843:
15933:
15615:
15297:
14131:
12251:
12005:
11759:
10857:
8875:
8557:
8239:
7073:
6166:
5913:
5729:
5614:
5453:
4285:
4009:
3894:
3733:
3572:
2220:
2013:
1852:
1829:
1622:
539:
379:
316:
International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement
21003:
Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills: A New Framework for Assessment
19844:
19017:
18884:
Research on possible causes of PISA disparities in different countries
276:
20523:
20426:"PISA Tests: India to take part in global teen learning test in 2021"
20253:"Scores bolster case for Shanghai math in British schools | The Star"
18948:
18940:
17663:
17641:
17608:
17506:
17484:
17446:
16463:
15562:
14979:
14820:
13865:
13546:
13493:
12661:
11964:
11513:
11390:
10651:
10404:
10363:
9405:
8504:
7921:
7762:
6807:
6488:
6435:
5959:
5867:
5660:
5062:
4590:
4567:
4337:
4124:
3986:
3825:
3112:
2663:
2594:
2456:
2335:
2151:
2082:
1127:
920:
644:
575:
473:
21923:
20114:
For Schleicher's initial response to these criticisms see his post,
19660:
259:
79 countries and economies participated in the 2018 data collection.
21246:
20178:
19244:
19205:
17633:
17480:
17472:
17442:
17263:
Shanghai (2009, 2012); Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong (2015)
16781:
16569:
16516:
16251:
15721:
14078:
13812:
12907:
12743:
12702:
12497:
12087:
10816:
10610:
9723:
9511:
9458:
9193:
8663:
7020:
6754:
6189:
5890:
5821:
5798:
5706:
5637:
5568:
5200:
5085:
4889:
4308:
4170:
3779:
3710:
3664:
3641:
3595:
3319:
3135:
2755:
2427:
2404:
2036:
1898:
1806:
1691:
1645:
1369:
1219:
989:
496:
488:
334:
20944:"OECD and Pisa tests are damaging education worldwide – academics"
17542:
India did not participate in the 2012, 2015 and 2018 PISA rounds.
21047:
QEdu – PISA scores and percentage of adequate learning by country
19798:. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
18925:
18917:
17960:
17879:
17798:
17625:
17476:
17468:
17205:
17152:
16887:
16357:
15880:
15509:
14926:
14873:
14714:
14502:
14449:
14343:
14184:
13706:
13599:
13440:
13387:
13235:
13194:
12989:
12579:
12210:
11923:
11472:
11431:
11308:
11144:
11103:
11021:
10898:
10528:
10445:
10322:
10281:
10147:
10094:
9829:
9299:
8822:
8451:
7868:
7815:
7656:
7444:
7391:
7285:
7126:
6648:
6541:
6382:
6329:
6143:
6005:
5545:
5499:
5384:
5361:
5315:
5292:
5108:
5039:
4925:
4843:
4820:
4797:
4659:
4636:
4452:
4193:
4055:
3871:
3618:
3549:
3480:
3365:
3342:
3250:
3158:
3054:
2985:
2962:
2939:
2870:
2640:
2571:
2197:
2128:
2105:
1783:
1714:
1599:
1507:
1415:
1392:
1277:
1196:
1104:
1012:
943:
851:
828:
713:
492:
484:
480:
375:
21939:
Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
21698:
Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
17604:, he pointed to the downward trend in reading as most severe.
21592:
21081:
19630:"Chapter 2 of the publication 'PISA 2003 Assessment Framework'"
18932:
18921:
17568:
India did not participate in the 2022 PIS rounds citing due to
16940:
16675:
16410:
16198:
16092:
15827:
15456:
15403:
15244:
15085:
14767:
14555:
14237:
14025:
13919:
13759:
13030:
12825:
12620:
12456:
12374:
12169:
11882:
11841:
11718:
11595:
11349:
11185:
10939:
10775:
10693:
10569:
9882:
9617:
9352:
9140:
9034:
8769:
8398:
8345:
8186:
8027:
7709:
7497:
7179:
6967:
6861:
6701:
6120:
6097:
5775:
5683:
5522:
5476:
5338:
5269:
5246:
5154:
5016:
4993:
4948:
4866:
4728:
4682:
4498:
4239:
4078:
3940:
3848:
3756:
3687:
3457:
3411:
3388:
3296:
3227:
3181:
3031:
2916:
2893:
2824:
2617:
2289:
2266:
2243:
2059:
1875:
1668:
1576:
1530:
1484:
1461:
1438:
1300:
1150:
1058:
1035:
897:
759:
326:(NAEP). The reading component of PISA is inspired by the IEA's
20227:"Britain invites 120 Chinese Maths teachers for aided schools"
21910:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
20992:
20583:"UK students stuck in educational doldrums, OECD study finds"
19188:
Ramirez, Francisco O.; Schofer, Evan; Meyer, John W. (2018).
18944:
18936:
17629:
17450:
17432:
Programme for International Student Assessment (2000 to 2012)
17291:
Programme for International Student Assessment (2000 to 2012)
16622:
16304:
15774:
15668:
15191:
15138:
13972:
13652:
12784:
12538:
12128:
12046:
11677:
11636:
10734:
10486:
9564:
9246:
8716:
8610:
8133:
8080:
6914:
6594:
5407:
5223:
5177:
4971:
4774:
4475:
4383:
3526:
3434:
3273:
3204:
3077:
2502:
2479:
1760:
1737:
1323:
1254:
1173:
667:
598:
318:(IEA). Much of PISA's methodology follows the example of the
157:
20478:"Ong: Did ministry try to rig results for Pisa 2015 report?"
17509:, the British Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the
21909:
21037:
20354:"India backs out of global education test for 15-year-olds"
20161:
http://www.oecd.org/china/Education-in-China-a-snapshot.pdf
19995:
19958:
19910:
19690:
PISA 2000: Overview of the study—Design, method and results
19507:
Afonso, Natércio; Costa, Estela (September–December 2009).
17975:
17712:
16145:
12415:
9087:
5591:
3802:
1921:
544:
390:
20017:
OECD education report: Shanghai's formula is world-beating
19447:
Mangez, Eric; Cattonar, Branka (September–December 2009).
20610:
20492:"Who's telling the truth about M'sia's Pisa 2015 scores?"
20377:
PISA (Program for International Student Assessment): OECD
19926:
ACER releases results of PISA 2009+ participant economies
19687:
402:
In selected countries, PISA started experimentation with
18240:
PISA results for the United States by race and ethnicity
17397:
10 additional non-OECD countries took the test in 2010.
267:
6042:
4138:
2165:
21028:
20755:"The role of cognitive skills in economic development"
20733:
20390:"Poor PISA score: Govt blames 'disconnect' with India"
17441:
China's participation in the 2012 test was limited to
16984:
13062:
9926:
5421:
3494:
1544:
210:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
21715:
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
21024:
OECD's Education GPS: Interactive data from PISA 2015
20452:"India opts out of PISA 2022: Prudence or Cowardice?"
18993:
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
17483:. In 2015, the participating provinces were Jiangsu,
17467:
In 2018 the Chinese provinces that participated were
16825:
12939:
9767:
320:
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
20174:"Shanghai visit for minister to learn maths lessons"
19692:, Berlin: Max Planck Institute for Human Development
14387:
11053:
7329:
6019:
4207:
2372:
20351:
19865:
19187:
277:
External influence over national educational policy
244:
external influence over national educational policy
62:
Comparison of education attainment across the world
21636:Health expenditure by country by type of financing
20640:"William Stewart, "Is Pisa fundamentally flawed?"
19718:
19712:
19543:
19144:Kijima, Rie; Lipscy, Phillip Y. (1 January 2024).
17526:schools. Former minister of Education and Science
476:emerging as the top performer in all categories.
20856:
20752:
20724:"Highlights of U.S. PISA 2018 Results Web Report"
20565:"Sveriges PISA-framgång bygger på falska siffror"
20337:PISA 2012: Proficiency of Finnish youth declining
5973:
4023:
1958:
21972:
21709:Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
20091:"Pisa tests to include many more Chinese pupils"
19702:
18981:Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
18179:
18098:
18017:
17037:
14281:
13103:
10971:
9979:
7223:
6205:
4696:
4604:
4420:
2838:
2769:
2516:
957:
865:
612:
328:Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
124:Head of the Early Childhood and Schools Division
20700:
20698:
20608:Pisa ranks Wales' education the worst in the UK
19719:von Davier, Matthias; Sinharay, Sandip (2013),
18159:
18078:
17997:
17896:
17815:
17734:
17090:
13144:
10032:
4512:
2792:
1337:
21934:Programme for International Student Assessment
21703:Programme for International Student Assessment
20941:
20785:
19696:
19681:
19446:
19327:
5743:
3908:
1981:
202:Programme for International Student Assessment
138:PISA Governing Body (Chair – Michele Bruniges)
38:Programme for International Student Assessment
21894:
21067:
20613:. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
19227:Kamens, David H.; McNeely, Connie L. (2010).
19226:
18214:
18133:
18052:
17916:
17835:
17754:
16719:
16030:
15977:
15341:
12857:
12324:
12283:
11791:
9661:
8972:
8919:
8283:
6065:
5927:
5122:
4742:
4535:
4397:
4253:
4092:
2999:
2723:
2700:
2539:
2349:
2303:
1072:
773:
727:
681:
21606:Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza
20695:
20037:"Shanghai tops global state school rankings"
19917:
19143:
18889:have furnished several researchers, notably
15924:
15606:
15288:
14122:
12242:
11996:
11750:
10848:
8866:
8548:
8230:
7064:
6157:
5904:
5720:
5605:
5444:
4276:
4000:
3885:
3724:
3563:
2211:
2004:
1843:
1820:
1613:
483:and the Chinese provinces/municipalities of
467:
249:
19703:Mazzeo, John; von Davier, Matthias (2013),
19616:"Asian nations dominate international test"
19506:
16454:
15553:
14970:
14811:
14599:
13856:
13537:
13484:
12652:
11955:
11504:
11381:
11217:
10642:
10395:
10354:
9396:
8495:
7912:
7753:
7541:
6798:
6479:
6426:
5950:
5858:
5651:
5053:
4581:
4558:
4328:
4115:
3977:
3816:
3103:
2654:
2585:
2447:
2326:
2142:
2073:
1118:
911:
635:
566:
324:National Assessment of Educational Progress
30:"PISA" redirects here. For other uses, see
21901:
21887:
21651:Total healthcare spending as % of GDP
21631:Percentage suffering from undernourishment
21074:
21060:
20857:Hanushek, Eric; Woessmann, Ludger (2006),
20753:Hanushek, Eric; Woessmann, Ludger (2008),
20622:Ambrose Evans-Pritchard (3 December 2013)
19674:Pisa hat einen kleinen, fröhlichen Bruder.
19413:
19328:Martens, Kerstin; Niemann, Dennis (2013).
19285:
18987:Teaching And Learning International Survey
16772:
16560:
16507:
16242:
15712:
14069:
13803:
12898:
12734:
12693:
12488:
12078:
10807:
10601:
9714:
9502:
9449:
9184:
8654:
7011:
6745:
6180:
5881:
5812:
5789:
5697:
5628:
5559:
5191:
5076:
4880:
4299:
4161:
3770:
3701:
3655:
3632:
3586:
3310:
3126:
2746:
2418:
2395:
2027:
1889:
1797:
1682:
1636:
1360:
1210:
980:
20889:
20704:Stewart, "Is PISA fundamentally flawed?"
19431:
19303:
19281:
19279:
19277:
19275:
19273:
19271:
19161:
19150:The Review of International Organizations
17951:
17870:
17789:
17196:
17143:
16878:
16348:
15871:
15500:
15023:
14917:
14864:
14705:
14652:
14493:
14440:
14334:
14175:
13697:
13590:
13431:
13378:
13226:
13185:
12980:
12570:
12201:
11914:
11545:
11463:
11422:
11299:
11258:
11135:
11094:
11012:
10889:
10519:
10436:
10313:
10272:
10138:
10085:
9820:
9290:
8813:
8442:
7965:
7859:
7806:
7647:
7594:
7435:
7382:
7276:
7117:
6639:
6532:
6373:
6320:
6134:
5996:
5835:
5536:
5490:
5375:
5352:
5306:
5283:
5099:
5030:
4916:
4834:
4811:
4788:
4650:
4627:
4443:
4351:
4184:
4046:
3954:
3862:
3609:
3540:
3471:
3356:
3333:
3241:
3149:
3045:
2976:
2953:
2930:
2861:
2677:
2631:
2562:
2188:
2119:
2096:
1935:
1774:
1705:
1590:
1498:
1406:
1383:
1268:
1187:
1095:
1003:
934:
842:
819:
796:
704:
21754:Official Development Assistance received
20918:"Are The PISA Education Results Rigged?"
20668:
20576:
20574:
20199:
20088:
19979:
19894:
18935:opinion article, some countries such as
16931:
16666:
16401:
16189:
16083:
15818:
15447:
15394:
15235:
15076:
14758:
14546:
14228:
14016:
13910:
13750:
13021:
12816:
12611:
12447:
12365:
12160:
11873:
11832:
11709:
11586:
11340:
11176:
10930:
10766:
10684:
10560:
9873:
9608:
9343:
9131:
9025:
8760:
8389:
8336:
8177:
8018:
7700:
7488:
7170:
6958:
6852:
6692:
6111:
6088:
5766:
5674:
5513:
5467:
5329:
5260:
5237:
5145:
5007:
4984:
4939:
4857:
4719:
4673:
4489:
4230:
4069:
3931:
3839:
3747:
3678:
3448:
3402:
3379:
3287:
3218:
3172:
3022:
2907:
2884:
2815:
2608:
2280:
2257:
2234:
2050:
1866:
1659:
1567:
1521:
1475:
1452:
1429:
1291:
1141:
1049:
1026:
888:
750:
389:
189:
181:
173:
27:Scholastic performance study by the OECD
21996:International educational organizations
20967:
20310:
20030:
20028:
19312:
19146:"The politics of international testing"
18904:
17273:
17271:
17269:
17259:
17257:
17255:
16613:
16295:
15765:
15659:
15182:
15129:
13963:
13643:
12775:
12529:
12119:
12037:
11668:
11627:
10725:
10477:
9555:
9237:
8707:
8601:
8124:
8071:
6905:
6585:
5398:
5214:
5168:
4962:
4765:
4466:
4374:
3517:
3425:
3264:
3195:
3068:
2493:
2470:
1751:
1728:
1314:
1245:
1164:
658:
589:
218:
14:
21973:
21726:World Intellectual Property Indicators
20827:
20741:Handbook of the Economics of Education
20520:Svenska skolan rasar i stor jämförelse
20276:
20202:"Shanghai teachers flown in for maths"
19947:
19826:
19500:
19474:
19395:
19268:
19041:
18975:Gender gaps in mathematics and reading
17558:Ministry of Human Resource Development
16136:
12406:
9078:
5582:
3793:
1912:
504:Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine
345:continuous and non-continuous texts."
178:PISA average Mathematics scores (2018)
21882:
21616:Infant and under-five mortality rates
21055:
20788:Perspectives on Psychological Science
20718:
20716:
20714:
20580:
20571:
20538:
20536:
20352:Hemali Chhapia, TNN (3 August 2012).
20171:
20064:"Why are Chinese schoolkids so good?"
20061:
19737:
19735:
19733:
19731:
19406:
19101:
19099:
19097:
19095:
19093:
18694:
18691:
18688:
18685:
18682:
18679:
18496:
18493:
18490:
18487:
18289:
18286:
18283:
18280:
18277:
13328:
13322:
13316:
13310:
13304:
13298:
10234:
10228:
10222:
10216:
6270:
6264:
6258:
6252:
6246:
6240:
268:Changes in national assessment policy
20890:Alexander, Ruth (10 December 2013).
20370:
20034:
20025:
19903:PISA 2009 Results: Executive Summary
19791:
19581:
19572:
19537:
19516:Sísifo: Educational Sciences Journal
19453:Sísifo: Educational Sciences Journal
19440:
19366:
19360:
19183:
19181:
19139:
19137:
19125:
19078:from the original on 5 December 2023
18999:
17266:
17252:
360:
21828:Number of billionaires (US dollars)
21823:Number of millionaires (US dollars)
21646:Total health expenditure per capita
21529:Ethnic and cultural diversity level
20968:Cafardo, Rafael (4 December 2019).
20311:Starkey, Hannah (5 December 2019).
20277:Turner, Camilla (3 December 2019).
20172:Howse, Patrick (18 February 2014).
19613:
19259:
17456:general educational system in China
409:
108:79 government education departments
24:
21366:Past and future population density
20711:
20581:Adams, Richard (3 December 2013),
20533:
19933:, 16 December 2011, archived from
19728:
19646:Keeley B. PISA, we have a problem…
19090:
450:
194:PISA average Reading scores (2018)
186:PISA average Science scores (2018)
25:
22037:
22026:Statistical service organizations
22021:Organizations established in 1997
21986:Student assessment and evaluation
20986:
20915:
20089:Coughlan, Sean (26 August 2014).
19724:, New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
19708:, New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
19422:. OECD Education Working Papers.
19294:. OECD Education Working Papers.
19178:
19134:
19042:Berger, Kathleen (3 March 2014).
17619:
17284:
352:
21786:planetary pressures–adjusted HDI
20957:– via www.theguardian.com.
20892:"How accurate is the Pisa test?"
20878:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01076.x
20800:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01165.x
20200:Coughlan, Sean (12 March 2014).
20062:Mance, Henry (7 December 2010),
19412:Steiner-Khamsi (2003), cited by
18928:did after doing badly in 2001."
18216:
18200:
18181:
18161:
18135:
18119:
18100:
18080:
18054:
18038:
18019:
17999:
17953:
17937:
17918:
17898:
17872:
17856:
17837:
17817:
17791:
17775:
17756:
17736:
17704:
17697:Professor Svend Kreiner, of the
17198:
17145:
17092:
17039:
16986:
16933:
16880:
16827:
16774:
16721:
16668:
16615:
16562:
16509:
16456:
16403:
16350:
16297:
16244:
16191:
16138:
16085:
16032:
15979:
15926:
15873:
15820:
15767:
15714:
15661:
15608:
15555:
15502:
15449:
15396:
15343:
15290:
15237:
15184:
15131:
15078:
15025:
14972:
14919:
14866:
14813:
14760:
14707:
14654:
14601:
14548:
14495:
14442:
14389:
14336:
14283:
14230:
14177:
14124:
14071:
14018:
13965:
13912:
13858:
13805:
13752:
13699:
13645:
13592:
13539:
13486:
13433:
13380:
13228:
13187:
13146:
13105:
13064:
13023:
12982:
12941:
12900:
12859:
12818:
12777:
12736:
12695:
12654:
12613:
12572:
12531:
12490:
12449:
12408:
12367:
12326:
12285:
12244:
12203:
12162:
12121:
12080:
12039:
11998:
11957:
11916:
11875:
11834:
11793:
11752:
11711:
11670:
11629:
11588:
11547:
11506:
11465:
11424:
11383:
11342:
11301:
11260:
11219:
11178:
11137:
11096:
11055:
11014:
10973:
10932:
10891:
10850:
10809:
10768:
10727:
10686:
10644:
10603:
10562:
10521:
10479:
10438:
10397:
10356:
10315:
10274:
10140:
10087:
10034:
9981:
9928:
9875:
9822:
9769:
9716:
9663:
9610:
9557:
9504:
9451:
9398:
9345:
9292:
9239:
9186:
9133:
9080:
9027:
8974:
8921:
8868:
8815:
8762:
8709:
8656:
8603:
8550:
8497:
8444:
8391:
8338:
8285:
8232:
8179:
8126:
8073:
8020:
7967:
7914:
7861:
7808:
7755:
7702:
7649:
7596:
7543:
7490:
7437:
7384:
7331:
7278:
7225:
7172:
7119:
7066:
7013:
6960:
6907:
6854:
6800:
6747:
6694:
6641:
6587:
6534:
6481:
6428:
6375:
6322:
6182:
6159:
6136:
6113:
6090:
6067:
6044:
6021:
5998:
5975:
5952:
5929:
5906:
5883:
5860:
5837:
5814:
5791:
5768:
5745:
5722:
5699:
5676:
5653:
5630:
5607:
5584:
5561:
5538:
5515:
5492:
5469:
5446:
5423:
5400:
5377:
5354:
5331:
5308:
5285:
5262:
5239:
5216:
5193:
5170:
5147:
5124:
5101:
5078:
5055:
5032:
5009:
4986:
4964:
4941:
4918:
4882:
4859:
4836:
4813:
4790:
4767:
4744:
4721:
4698:
4675:
4652:
4629:
4606:
4583:
4560:
4537:
4514:
4491:
4468:
4445:
4422:
4399:
4376:
4353:
4330:
4301:
4278:
4255:
4232:
4209:
4186:
4163:
4140:
4117:
4094:
4071:
4048:
4025:
4002:
3979:
3956:
3933:
3910:
3887:
3864:
3841:
3818:
3795:
3772:
3749:
3726:
3703:
3680:
3657:
3634:
3611:
3588:
3565:
3542:
3519:
3496:
3473:
3450:
3427:
3404:
3381:
3358:
3335:
3312:
3289:
3266:
3243:
3220:
3197:
3174:
3151:
3128:
3105:
3070:
3047:
3024:
3001:
2978:
2955:
2932:
2909:
2886:
2863:
2840:
2817:
2794:
2771:
2748:
2725:
2702:
2679:
2656:
2633:
2610:
2587:
2564:
2541:
2518:
2495:
2472:
2449:
2420:
2397:
2374:
2351:
2328:
2305:
2282:
2259:
2236:
2213:
2190:
2167:
2144:
2121:
2098:
2075:
2052:
2029:
2006:
1983:
1960:
1937:
1914:
1891:
1868:
1845:
1822:
1799:
1776:
1753:
1730:
1707:
1684:
1661:
1638:
1615:
1592:
1569:
1546:
1523:
1500:
1477:
1454:
1431:
1408:
1385:
1362:
1339:
1316:
1293:
1270:
1247:
1212:
1189:
1166:
1143:
1120:
1097:
1074:
1051:
1028:
1005:
982:
959:
936:
913:
890:
867:
844:
821:
798:
775:
752:
729:
706:
683:
660:
637:
614:
591:
568:
21036:—Interview of Gunda Tire, OECD
20979:– via www.estadao.com.br.
20961:
20935:
20909:
20883:
20850:
20821:
20779:
20746:
20662:
20632:
20616:
20601:
20557:
20542:Jens Kärrman (3 December 2013)
20518:Lars Näslund (3 December 2013)
20512:
20498:
20484:
20470:
20444:
20418:
20400:
20382:
20345:
20330:
20304:
20270:
20245:
20219:
20193:
20165:
20154:
20124:
20101:
20082:
20055:
20035:Cook, Chris (7 December 2010),
20015:Tom Phillips (3 December 2013)
20009:
19941:
19859:
19820:
19785:
19760:
19666:
19651:
19639:
19622:
19607:
19321:
18954:According to an open letter to
17277:Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
421:
21862:List of international rankings
21688:International Innovation Index
21611:HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
21040:National Project Manager, for
20762:Journal of Economic Literature
20544:Löfven om Pisa: Nationell kris
19220:
19060:
19035:
19010:
208:) is a worldwide study by the
13:
1:
21721:Tertiary education attainment
20942:Guardian Staff (6 May 2014).
19743:"Learning Data | QEdu Países"
19004:
13337:International Average (OECD)
10243:International Average (OECD)
6279:International Average (OECD)
6206:Rankings comparison 2000–2015
536:Autonomous Republic of Crimea
22016:Organizations based in Paris
21929:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
21833:Percentage living in poverty
21744:Access to financial services
20642:Times Educational Supplement
20629:. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
20551:. Retrieved 8 December 2013
20527:. Retrieved 4 December 2013
20134:Times Educational Supplement
19420:OECD Education Working Paper
19346:10.1080/09644008.2013.794455
19292:OECD Education Working Paper
19233:Comparative Education Review
19194:Comparative Education Review
18155:
18074:
17993:
17892:
17811:
17730:
17672:Times Educational Supplement
17547:Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan
17425:
4904:International Average (OECD)
4321:
3092:International Average (OECD)
2440:
1233:International Average (OECD)
559:
309:
7:
21371:Person-to-arable land ratio
20342:. Retrieved 9 December 2013
20317:True Education Partnerships
20022:. Retrieved 8 December 2013
19546:Journal of Education Policy
19044:Invitation to The Life Span
18968:
17607:In 2020, Swedish newspaper
17575:
365:
10:
22042:
21673:Bloomberg Innovation Index
21601:Antidepressant consumption
21273:World population estimates
21268:Past and future population
20834:. Papers and Proceedings.
19988:PISA 2012 Results in Focus
19648:OECD Insights, April 2014.
19369:Oxford Review of Education
19163:10.1007/s11558-023-09494-4
19046:(second ed.). worth.
17691:Queen's University Belfast
17678:In the article, Professor
17516:
17429:
17288:
13270:
6212:
29:
21955:Multinational Enterprises
21947:
21916:
21856:
21818:Share of income of top 1%
21734:
21665:
21591:
21493:
21435:
21379:
21351:
21260:
21229:
21178:
21123:
21115:Demographics of the world
21093:
19558:10.1080/02680930903131267
19381:10.1080/03054980600976320
18650:
18645:
18464:
18459:
18251:
18246:
17587:
13293:
13290:
13287:
13284:
13281:
13278:
13275:
10211:
10208:
10205:
10202:
10199:
10194:
6235:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6217:
468:PISA 2022 ranking summary
458:statistically significant
404:computer adaptive testing
250:Creation of new knowledge
152:
142:
132:
122:
112:
102:
92:
74:
66:
58:
50:
42:
21666:Education and innovation
20831:American Economic Review
19948:Walker, Maurice (2011),
19768:"PISA 2022 Participants"
17699:University of Copenhagen
17533:
17511:Department for Education
17436:
427:science) is 500 and the
21771:Human Development Index
21683:Global Innovation Index
21621:Maternal mortality rate
21196:Commonwealth of Nations
20669:Morrison, Hugh (2013).
20624:Ambrose Evans-Pritchard
20379:, Drishti, 1 Sept 2021.
20340:University of Jyväskylä
19433:10.1787/5k9fdfqffr28-en
19414:Breakspear, S. (2012).
19305:10.1787/5k9fdfqffr28-en
19286:Breakspear, S. (2012).
17660:Ambrose Evans-Pritchard
17551:Prime Minister of India
17310:Participating students
385:
22001:International rankings
21749:Development aid donors
21387:Population growth rate
19951:PISA 2009 Plus Results
17977:2015 US State results
17714:2012 US State results
395:
195:
187:
179:
85:, 75775 Paris Cedex 16
21509:Age at first marriage
21397:Net reproduction rate
21343:Population milestones
21125:Continents/subregions
21087:population statistics
19827:Jerrim, John (2021).
18963:O Estado de São Paulo
17684:University of Bristol
17430:Further information:
6052:Palestinian Authority
4148:Palestinian Authority
2175:Palestinian Authority
508:Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
393:
193:
185:
177:
32:Pisa (disambiguation)
21991:Educational research
21960:Testing of Chemicals
21559:Number of households
21544:Linguistic diversity
21539:Immigrant population
21485:past life expectancy
20774:10.1257/jel.46.3.607
19658:Poddiakov, Alexander
18905:Comments on accuracy
16994:United Arab Emirates
13072:United Arab Emirates
9936:United Arab Emirates
5431:United Arab Emirates
3504:United Arab Emirates
1554:United Arab Emirates
440:item response theory
219:Influence and impact
21793:Human Poverty Index
21781:inequality-adjusted
21766:Irrigated land area
21504:Age at childbearing
21427:Past fertility rate
20396:. 3 September 2012.
20120:, 10 December 2013.
19968:on 22 December 2011
19937:on 14 December 2013
19833:Review of Education
19804:10.1787/53f23881-en
19614:Hefling, Kimberly.
19068:"PISA 2022 Results"
18910:David Spiegelhalter
18778:More than one race
18562:More than one race
18364:More than one race
17978:
17715:
16835:Trinidad and Tobago
12949:Trinidad and Tobago
9777:Trinidad and Tobago
524:Zaporizhzhia Oblast
144:Parent organization
39:
22006:Lists of countries
21554:Net migration rate
21534:Ethnic composition
21353:Population density
21230:Cities/urban areas
21103:Current population
21083:Lists of countries
21029:PISA Data Explorer
20508:. 8 December 2016.
20494:. 9 December 2016.
20480:. 8 December 2016.
20432:. 22 February 2017
20430:The Indian Express
20412:The Times of India
20394:The Indian Express
20359:The Times of India
20257:www.thestar.com.my
20112:, 23 January 2014.
19747:paises.qedu.org.br
19595:on 3 February 2017
19488:on 3 February 2017
19113:on 3 February 2017
18956:Andreas Schleicher
17976:
17713:
17498:The New York Times
17462:Andreas Schleicher
17307:Partner countries
14397:Dominican Republic
11063:Dominican Republic
7339:Dominican Republic
6029:Dominican Republic
4217:Dominican Republic
2382:Dominican Republic
429:standard deviation
396:
333:PISA aims to test
196:
188:
180:
118:English and French
114:Official language
37:
21981:2012 in education
21968:
21967:
21876:
21875:
21848:Wealth inequality
21843:Unemployment rate
21380:Growth indicators
21242:National capitals
21042:Caucasian Journal
20993:OECD/PISA website
20650:on 23 August 2013
20458:. 10 January 2024
20366:on 29 April 2013.
19998:, 3 December 2013
19913:, 7 December 2010
19845:10.1002/rev3.3270
19813:978-92-64-99796-7
19074:. December 2023.
19053:978-1-4641-7205-2
19000:Explanatory notes
18881:
18880:
18641:
18640:
18455:
18454:
18237:
18236:
18233:
18232:
18152:
18151:
18071:
18070:
17974:
17973:
17970:
17969:
17889:
17888:
17808:
17807:
17570:COVID-19 pandemic
17562:Prakash Javadekar
17420:
17419:
17248:
17247:
13266:
13265:
10190:
10189:
6203:
6202:
6199:
6198:
4318:
4317:
2437:
2436:
444:prior probability
361:Method of testing
240:assessment policy
172:
171:
70:OECD Headquarters
16:(Redirected from
22033:
21903:
21896:
21889:
21880:
21879:
21867:Lists by country
21578:Urban population
21519:Dependency ratio
21407:Number of deaths
21402:Number of births
21392:Natural increase
21179:Intercontinental
21076:
21069:
21062:
21053:
21052:
20981:
20980:
20978:
20976:
20965:
20959:
20958:
20956:
20954:
20939:
20933:
20932:
20930:
20928:
20916:Flows, Capital.
20913:
20907:
20906:
20904:
20902:
20887:
20881:
20880:
20872:(510): C63–C76,
20866:Economic Journal
20863:
20854:
20848:
20847:
20825:
20819:
20818:
20783:
20777:
20776:
20759:
20750:
20744:
20737:
20731:
20730:
20728:
20720:
20709:
20702:
20693:
20692:
20690:
20688:
20682:
20676:. Archived from
20675:
20666:
20660:
20659:
20657:
20655:
20646:. Archived from
20644:, July 26, 2013"
20636:
20630:
20620:
20614:
20605:
20599:
20598:
20597:
20595:
20578:
20569:
20568:
20561:
20555:
20554:
20540:
20531:
20530:
20516:
20510:
20509:
20502:
20496:
20495:
20488:
20482:
20481:
20474:
20468:
20467:
20465:
20463:
20448:
20442:
20441:
20439:
20437:
20422:
20416:
20415:
20404:
20398:
20397:
20386:
20380:
20374:
20368:
20367:
20362:. Archived from
20349:
20343:
20334:
20328:
20327:
20325:
20323:
20308:
20302:
20301:
20299:
20297:
20274:
20268:
20267:
20265:
20263:
20249:
20243:
20242:
20240:
20238:
20223:
20217:
20216:
20214:
20212:
20197:
20191:
20190:
20188:
20186:
20169:
20163:
20158:
20152:
20151:
20149:
20147:
20142:on 15 March 2014
20138:. Archived from
20136:, March 6, 2014"
20128:
20122:
20105:
20099:
20098:
20086:
20080:
20079:
20078:
20076:
20059:
20053:
20052:
20051:
20049:
20032:
20023:
20013:
20007:
20006:
20005:
20003:
19993:
19983:
19977:
19976:
19975:
19973:
19967:
19961:, archived from
19956:
19945:
19939:
19938:
19921:
19915:
19914:
19908:
19898:
19892:
19891:
19885:
19883:
19874:
19863:
19857:
19856:
19824:
19818:
19817:
19789:
19783:
19782:
19780:
19778:
19764:
19758:
19757:
19755:
19753:
19739:
19726:
19725:
19716:
19710:
19709:
19700:
19694:
19693:
19685:
19679:
19670:
19664:
19655:
19649:
19643:
19637:
19636:
19635:. Pisa.oecd.org.
19634:
19626:
19620:
19619:
19611:
19605:
19604:
19602:
19600:
19591:. Archived from
19585:
19579:
19576:
19570:
19569:
19541:
19535:
19534:
19532:
19530:
19513:
19504:
19498:
19497:
19495:
19493:
19484:. Archived from
19478:
19472:
19471:
19469:
19467:
19444:
19438:
19437:
19435:
19410:
19404:
19399:
19393:
19392:
19364:
19358:
19357:
19325:
19319:
19316:
19310:
19309:
19307:
19283:
19266:
19263:
19257:
19256:
19224:
19218:
19217:
19185:
19176:
19175:
19165:
19141:
19132:
19129:
19123:
19122:
19120:
19118:
19109:. Archived from
19103:
19088:
19087:
19085:
19083:
19064:
19058:
19057:
19039:
19033:
19032:
19030:
19028:
19014:
18643:
18642:
18457:
18456:
18244:
18243:
18226:
18222:
18220:
18219:
18205:
18204:
18191:
18187:
18185:
18184:
18171:
18167:
18165:
18164:
18156:
18145:
18141:
18139:
18138:
18124:
18123:
18110:
18106:
18104:
18103:
18090:
18086:
18084:
18083:
18075:
18064:
18060:
18058:
18057:
18043:
18042:
18029:
18025:
18023:
18022:
18009:
18005:
18003:
18002:
17994:
17979:
17963:
17959:
17957:
17956:
17942:
17941:
17928:
17924:
17922:
17921:
17908:
17904:
17902:
17901:
17893:
17882:
17878:
17876:
17875:
17861:
17860:
17847:
17843:
17841:
17840:
17827:
17823:
17821:
17820:
17812:
17801:
17797:
17795:
17794:
17780:
17779:
17766:
17762:
17760:
17759:
17746:
17742:
17740:
17739:
17731:
17716:
17680:Harvey Goldstein
17638:Northern Ireland
17613:Magnus Henrekson
17524:Swedish-speaking
17295:
17294:
17278:
17275:
17264:
17261:
17208:
17204:
17202:
17201:
17155:
17151:
17149:
17148:
17102:
17098:
17096:
17095:
17049:
17045:
17043:
17042:
16996:
16992:
16990:
16989:
16943:
16939:
16937:
16936:
16890:
16886:
16884:
16883:
16837:
16833:
16831:
16830:
16784:
16780:
16778:
16777:
16731:
16727:
16725:
16724:
16678:
16674:
16672:
16671:
16625:
16621:
16619:
16618:
16572:
16568:
16566:
16565:
16519:
16515:
16513:
16512:
16466:
16462:
16460:
16459:
16413:
16409:
16407:
16406:
16360:
16356:
16354:
16353:
16307:
16303:
16301:
16300:
16254:
16250:
16248:
16247:
16201:
16197:
16195:
16194:
16148:
16144:
16142:
16141:
16095:
16091:
16089:
16088:
16042:
16038:
16036:
16035:
15989:
15985:
15983:
15982:
15936:
15932:
15930:
15929:
15883:
15879:
15877:
15876:
15830:
15826:
15824:
15823:
15777:
15773:
15771:
15770:
15724:
15720:
15718:
15717:
15671:
15667:
15665:
15664:
15618:
15614:
15612:
15611:
15565:
15561:
15559:
15558:
15512:
15508:
15506:
15505:
15459:
15455:
15453:
15452:
15406:
15402:
15400:
15399:
15353:
15349:
15347:
15346:
15300:
15296:
15294:
15293:
15247:
15243:
15241:
15240:
15194:
15190:
15188:
15187:
15141:
15137:
15135:
15134:
15088:
15084:
15082:
15081:
15035:
15031:
15029:
15028:
14982:
14978:
14976:
14975:
14929:
14925:
14923:
14922:
14876:
14872:
14870:
14869:
14823:
14819:
14817:
14816:
14770:
14766:
14764:
14763:
14717:
14713:
14711:
14710:
14664:
14660:
14658:
14657:
14611:
14607:
14605:
14604:
14558:
14554:
14552:
14551:
14505:
14501:
14499:
14498:
14452:
14448:
14446:
14445:
14399:
14395:
14393:
14392:
14346:
14342:
14340:
14339:
14293:
14289:
14287:
14286:
14240:
14236:
14234:
14233:
14187:
14183:
14181:
14180:
14134:
14130:
14128:
14127:
14081:
14077:
14075:
14074:
14028:
14024:
14022:
14021:
13975:
13971:
13969:
13968:
13922:
13918:
13916:
13915:
13868:
13864:
13862:
13861:
13815:
13811:
13809:
13808:
13762:
13758:
13756:
13755:
13709:
13705:
13703:
13702:
13655:
13651:
13649:
13648:
13602:
13598:
13596:
13595:
13549:
13545:
13543:
13542:
13496:
13492:
13490:
13489:
13443:
13439:
13437:
13436:
13390:
13386:
13384:
13383:
13268:
13267:
13238:
13234:
13232:
13231:
13197:
13193:
13191:
13190:
13156:
13152:
13150:
13149:
13115:
13111:
13109:
13108:
13074:
13070:
13068:
13067:
13033:
13029:
13027:
13026:
12992:
12988:
12986:
12985:
12951:
12947:
12945:
12944:
12910:
12906:
12904:
12903:
12869:
12865:
12863:
12862:
12828:
12824:
12822:
12821:
12787:
12783:
12781:
12780:
12746:
12742:
12740:
12739:
12705:
12701:
12699:
12698:
12664:
12660:
12658:
12657:
12623:
12619:
12617:
12616:
12582:
12578:
12576:
12575:
12541:
12537:
12535:
12534:
12500:
12496:
12494:
12493:
12459:
12455:
12453:
12452:
12418:
12414:
12412:
12411:
12377:
12373:
12371:
12370:
12336:
12332:
12330:
12329:
12295:
12291:
12289:
12288:
12254:
12250:
12248:
12247:
12213:
12209:
12207:
12206:
12172:
12168:
12166:
12165:
12131:
12127:
12125:
12124:
12090:
12086:
12084:
12083:
12049:
12045:
12043:
12042:
12008:
12004:
12002:
12001:
11967:
11963:
11961:
11960:
11926:
11922:
11920:
11919:
11885:
11881:
11879:
11878:
11844:
11840:
11838:
11837:
11803:
11799:
11797:
11796:
11762:
11758:
11756:
11755:
11721:
11717:
11715:
11714:
11680:
11676:
11674:
11673:
11639:
11635:
11633:
11632:
11598:
11594:
11592:
11591:
11557:
11553:
11551:
11550:
11516:
11512:
11510:
11509:
11475:
11471:
11469:
11468:
11434:
11430:
11428:
11427:
11393:
11389:
11387:
11386:
11352:
11348:
11346:
11345:
11311:
11307:
11305:
11304:
11270:
11266:
11264:
11263:
11229:
11225:
11223:
11222:
11188:
11184:
11182:
11181:
11147:
11143:
11141:
11140:
11106:
11102:
11100:
11099:
11065:
11061:
11059:
11058:
11024:
11020:
11018:
11017:
10983:
10979:
10977:
10976:
10942:
10938:
10936:
10935:
10901:
10897:
10895:
10894:
10860:
10856:
10854:
10853:
10819:
10815:
10813:
10812:
10778:
10774:
10772:
10771:
10737:
10733:
10731:
10730:
10696:
10692:
10690:
10689:
10654:
10650:
10648:
10647:
10613:
10609:
10607:
10606:
10572:
10568:
10566:
10565:
10531:
10527:
10525:
10524:
10489:
10485:
10483:
10482:
10448:
10444:
10442:
10441:
10407:
10403:
10401:
10400:
10366:
10362:
10360:
10359:
10325:
10321:
10319:
10318:
10284:
10280:
10278:
10277:
10192:
10191:
10150:
10146:
10144:
10143:
10097:
10093:
10091:
10090:
10044:
10040:
10038:
10037:
9991:
9987:
9985:
9984:
9938:
9934:
9932:
9931:
9885:
9881:
9879:
9878:
9832:
9828:
9826:
9825:
9779:
9775:
9773:
9772:
9726:
9722:
9720:
9719:
9673:
9669:
9667:
9666:
9620:
9616:
9614:
9613:
9567:
9563:
9561:
9560:
9514:
9510:
9508:
9507:
9461:
9457:
9455:
9454:
9408:
9404:
9402:
9401:
9355:
9351:
9349:
9348:
9302:
9298:
9296:
9295:
9249:
9245:
9243:
9242:
9196:
9192:
9190:
9189:
9143:
9139:
9137:
9136:
9090:
9086:
9084:
9083:
9037:
9033:
9031:
9030:
8984:
8980:
8978:
8977:
8931:
8927:
8925:
8924:
8878:
8874:
8872:
8871:
8825:
8821:
8819:
8818:
8772:
8768:
8766:
8765:
8719:
8715:
8713:
8712:
8666:
8662:
8660:
8659:
8613:
8609:
8607:
8606:
8560:
8556:
8554:
8553:
8507:
8503:
8501:
8500:
8454:
8450:
8448:
8447:
8401:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8348:
8344:
8342:
8341:
8295:
8291:
8289:
8288:
8242:
8238:
8236:
8235:
8189:
8185:
8183:
8182:
8136:
8132:
8130:
8129:
8083:
8079:
8077:
8076:
8030:
8026:
8024:
8023:
7977:
7973:
7971:
7970:
7924:
7920:
7918:
7917:
7871:
7867:
7865:
7864:
7818:
7814:
7812:
7811:
7765:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7712:
7708:
7706:
7705:
7659:
7655:
7653:
7652:
7606:
7602:
7600:
7599:
7553:
7549:
7547:
7546:
7500:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7447:
7443:
7441:
7440:
7394:
7390:
7388:
7387:
7341:
7337:
7335:
7334:
7288:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7235:
7231:
7229:
7228:
7182:
7178:
7176:
7175:
7129:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7076:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7023:
7019:
7017:
7016:
6970:
6966:
6964:
6963:
6917:
6913:
6911:
6910:
6864:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6810:
6806:
6804:
6803:
6757:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6704:
6700:
6698:
6697:
6651:
6647:
6645:
6644:
6597:
6593:
6591:
6590:
6544:
6540:
6538:
6537:
6491:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6438:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6385:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6332:
6328:
6326:
6325:
6210:
6209:
6192:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6169:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6146:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6123:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6100:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6077:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6054:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6031:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6008:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5985:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5962:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5939:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5916:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5893:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5870:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5847:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5824:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5801:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5778:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5755:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5732:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5709:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5686:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5663:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5640:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5617:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5594:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5571:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5548:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5525:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5502:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5479:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5456:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5433:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5410:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5387:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5364:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5341:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5318:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5295:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5272:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5249:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5226:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5203:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5180:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5157:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5134:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5111:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5088:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5042:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5019:
5015:
5013:
5012:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4974:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4951:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4928:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4892:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4869:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4846:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4823:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4777:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4754:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4685:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4662:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4639:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4616:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4593:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4570:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4547:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4524:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4501:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4478:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4455:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4363:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4340:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4322:
4311:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4242:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4219:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4127:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4058:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4035:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4012:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3966:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3943:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3920:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3736:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3414:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3391:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3299:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3057:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2689:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2441:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2009:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1008:
992:
988:
986:
985:
969:
965:
963:
962:
946:
942:
940:
939:
923:
919:
917:
916:
900:
896:
894:
893:
877:
873:
871:
870:
854:
850:
848:
847:
831:
827:
825:
824:
808:
804:
802:
801:
785:
781:
779:
778:
762:
758:
756:
755:
739:
735:
733:
732:
716:
712:
710:
709:
693:
689:
687:
686:
670:
666:
664:
663:
647:
643:
641:
640:
624:
620:
618:
617:
601:
597:
595:
594:
578:
574:
572:
571:
560:
545:
538:and the city of
410:National add-ons
168:
165:
163:
161:
159:
40:
36:
21:
22041:
22040:
22036:
22035:
22034:
22032:
22031:
22030:
21971:
21970:
21969:
21964:
21943:
21912:
21907:
21877:
21872:
21871:
21852:
21808:Income equality
21761:Employment rate
21730:
21678:Education Index
21661:
21656:Body mass index
21587:
21489:
21437:Life expectancy
21431:
21375:
21361:Current density
21347:
21261:Past and future
21256:
21225:
21174:
21119:
21089:
21080:
21006:. Paris: OECD,
20989:
20984:
20974:
20972:
20966:
20962:
20952:
20950:
20940:
20936:
20926:
20924:
20914:
20910:
20900:
20898:
20888:
20884:
20861:
20855:
20851:
20826:
20822:
20784:
20780:
20757:
20751:
20747:
20738:
20734:
20726:
20722:
20721:
20712:
20703:
20696:
20686:
20684:
20680:
20673:
20667:
20663:
20653:
20651:
20638:
20637:
20633:
20627:Telegraph.co.uk
20621:
20617:
20606:
20602:
20593:
20591:
20579:
20572:
20563:
20562:
20558:
20552:
20541:
20534:
20528:
20517:
20513:
20504:
20503:
20499:
20490:
20489:
20485:
20476:
20475:
20471:
20461:
20459:
20450:
20449:
20445:
20435:
20433:
20424:
20423:
20419:
20406:
20405:
20401:
20388:
20387:
20383:
20375:
20371:
20350:
20346:
20335:
20331:
20321:
20319:
20309:
20305:
20295:
20293:
20275:
20271:
20261:
20259:
20251:
20250:
20246:
20236:
20234:
20225:
20224:
20220:
20210:
20208:
20198:
20194:
20184:
20182:
20170:
20166:
20159:
20155:
20145:
20143:
20130:
20129:
20125:
20118:Education Today
20106:
20102:
20087:
20083:
20074:
20072:
20069:Financial Times
20060:
20056:
20047:
20045:
20042:Financial Times
20033:
20026:
20014:
20010:
20001:
19999:
19991:
19985:
19984:
19980:
19971:
19969:
19965:
19954:
19946:
19942:
19923:
19922:
19918:
19906:
19900:
19899:
19895:
19889:standard error.
19881:
19879:
19872:
19864:
19860:
19825:
19821:
19814:
19790:
19786:
19776:
19774:
19766:
19765:
19761:
19751:
19749:
19741:
19740:
19729:
19717:
19713:
19701:
19697:
19686:
19682:
19676:taz, 5.12.2007
19671:
19667:
19656:
19652:
19644:
19640:
19632:
19628:
19627:
19623:
19612:
19608:
19598:
19596:
19587:
19586:
19582:
19577:
19573:
19542:
19538:
19528:
19526:
19511:
19505:
19501:
19491:
19489:
19480:
19479:
19475:
19465:
19463:
19445:
19441:
19411:
19407:
19400:
19396:
19365:
19361:
19334:German Politics
19326:
19322:
19317:
19313:
19284:
19269:
19264:
19260:
19225:
19221:
19186:
19179:
19142:
19135:
19130:
19126:
19116:
19114:
19105:
19104:
19091:
19081:
19079:
19066:
19065:
19061:
19054:
19040:
19036:
19026:
19024:
19016:
19015:
19011:
19007:
19002:
18971:
18931:According to a
18907:
18899:democratization
18886:
18242:
18217:
18215:
18199:
18182:
18180:
18162:
18160:
18136:
18134:
18118:
18101:
18099:
18081:
18079:
18055:
18053:
18037:
18020:
18018:
18000:
17998:
17954:
17952:
17936:
17919:
17917:
17899:
17897:
17873:
17871:
17855:
17838:
17836:
17818:
17816:
17792:
17790:
17774:
17757:
17755:
17737:
17735:
17707:
17655:Daily Telegraph
17652:Writing in the
17622:
17595:Social Democrat
17590:
17578:
17536:
17519:
17439:
17434:
17428:
17422:
17355:problem solving
17304:OECD countries
17293:
17287:
17282:
17281:
17276:
17267:
17262:
17253:
17199:
17197:
17146:
17144:
17093:
17091:
17040:
17038:
16987:
16985:
16934:
16932:
16881:
16879:
16828:
16826:
16775:
16773:
16722:
16720:
16669:
16667:
16616:
16614:
16563:
16561:
16510:
16508:
16457:
16455:
16404:
16402:
16351:
16349:
16298:
16296:
16245:
16243:
16192:
16190:
16139:
16137:
16086:
16084:
16033:
16031:
15980:
15978:
15927:
15925:
15874:
15872:
15821:
15819:
15768:
15766:
15715:
15713:
15662:
15660:
15609:
15607:
15556:
15554:
15503:
15501:
15450:
15448:
15397:
15395:
15344:
15342:
15291:
15289:
15238:
15236:
15185:
15183:
15132:
15130:
15079:
15077:
15026:
15024:
14973:
14971:
14920:
14918:
14867:
14865:
14814:
14812:
14761:
14759:
14708:
14706:
14655:
14653:
14602:
14600:
14549:
14547:
14496:
14494:
14443:
14441:
14390:
14388:
14337:
14335:
14284:
14282:
14231:
14229:
14178:
14176:
14125:
14123:
14072:
14070:
14019:
14017:
13966:
13964:
13913:
13911:
13859:
13857:
13806:
13804:
13753:
13751:
13700:
13698:
13646:
13644:
13593:
13591:
13540:
13538:
13487:
13485:
13434:
13432:
13381:
13379:
13229:
13227:
13188:
13186:
13147:
13145:
13106:
13104:
13065:
13063:
13024:
13022:
12983:
12981:
12942:
12940:
12901:
12899:
12860:
12858:
12819:
12817:
12778:
12776:
12737:
12735:
12696:
12694:
12655:
12653:
12614:
12612:
12573:
12571:
12532:
12530:
12491:
12489:
12450:
12448:
12409:
12407:
12368:
12366:
12327:
12325:
12286:
12284:
12245:
12243:
12204:
12202:
12163:
12161:
12122:
12120:
12081:
12079:
12040:
12038:
11999:
11997:
11958:
11956:
11917:
11915:
11876:
11874:
11835:
11833:
11794:
11792:
11753:
11751:
11712:
11710:
11671:
11669:
11630:
11628:
11589:
11587:
11548:
11546:
11507:
11505:
11466:
11464:
11425:
11423:
11384:
11382:
11343:
11341:
11302:
11300:
11261:
11259:
11220:
11218:
11179:
11177:
11138:
11136:
11097:
11095:
11056:
11054:
11015:
11013:
10974:
10972:
10933:
10931:
10892:
10890:
10851:
10849:
10810:
10808:
10769:
10767:
10728:
10726:
10687:
10685:
10645:
10643:
10604:
10602:
10563:
10561:
10522:
10520:
10480:
10478:
10439:
10437:
10398:
10396:
10357:
10355:
10316:
10314:
10275:
10273:
10141:
10139:
10088:
10086:
10035:
10033:
9982:
9980:
9929:
9927:
9876:
9874:
9823:
9821:
9770:
9768:
9717:
9715:
9664:
9662:
9611:
9609:
9558:
9556:
9505:
9503:
9452:
9450:
9399:
9397:
9346:
9344:
9293:
9291:
9240:
9238:
9187:
9185:
9134:
9132:
9081:
9079:
9028:
9026:
8975:
8973:
8922:
8920:
8869:
8867:
8816:
8814:
8763:
8761:
8710:
8708:
8657:
8655:
8604:
8602:
8551:
8549:
8498:
8496:
8445:
8443:
8392:
8390:
8339:
8337:
8286:
8284:
8233:
8231:
8180:
8178:
8127:
8125:
8074:
8072:
8021:
8019:
7968:
7966:
7915:
7913:
7862:
7860:
7809:
7807:
7756:
7754:
7703:
7701:
7650:
7648:
7597:
7595:
7544:
7542:
7491:
7489:
7438:
7436:
7385:
7383:
7332:
7330:
7279:
7277:
7226:
7224:
7173:
7171:
7120:
7118:
7067:
7065:
7014:
7012:
6961:
6959:
6908:
6906:
6855:
6853:
6801:
6799:
6748:
6746:
6695:
6693:
6642:
6640:
6588:
6586:
6535:
6533:
6482:
6480:
6429:
6427:
6376:
6374:
6323:
6321:
6208:
6183:
6181:
6160:
6158:
6137:
6135:
6114:
6112:
6091:
6089:
6068:
6066:
6045:
6043:
6022:
6020:
5999:
5997:
5983:North Macedonia
5976:
5974:
5953:
5951:
5930:
5928:
5907:
5905:
5884:
5882:
5861:
5859:
5838:
5836:
5815:
5813:
5792:
5790:
5769:
5767:
5746:
5744:
5723:
5721:
5700:
5698:
5677:
5675:
5654:
5652:
5631:
5629:
5608:
5606:
5585:
5583:
5562:
5560:
5539:
5537:
5516:
5514:
5493:
5491:
5470:
5468:
5447:
5445:
5424:
5422:
5401:
5399:
5378:
5376:
5355:
5353:
5332:
5330:
5309:
5307:
5286:
5284:
5263:
5261:
5240:
5238:
5217:
5215:
5194:
5192:
5171:
5169:
5148:
5146:
5125:
5123:
5102:
5100:
5079:
5077:
5056:
5054:
5033:
5031:
5010:
5008:
4987:
4985:
4965:
4963:
4942:
4940:
4919:
4917:
4883:
4881:
4860:
4858:
4837:
4835:
4814:
4812:
4791:
4789:
4768:
4766:
4745:
4743:
4722:
4720:
4699:
4697:
4676:
4674:
4653:
4651:
4630:
4628:
4607:
4605:
4584:
4582:
4561:
4559:
4538:
4536:
4515:
4513:
4492:
4490:
4469:
4467:
4446:
4444:
4423:
4421:
4400:
4398:
4377:
4375:
4354:
4352:
4331:
4329:
4302:
4300:
4279:
4277:
4256:
4254:
4233:
4231:
4210:
4208:
4187:
4185:
4164:
4162:
4141:
4139:
4118:
4116:
4095:
4093:
4072:
4070:
4049:
4047:
4033:North Macedonia
4026:
4024:
4003:
4001:
3980:
3978:
3957:
3955:
3934:
3932:
3911:
3909:
3888:
3886:
3865:
3863:
3842:
3840:
3819:
3817:
3796:
3794:
3773:
3771:
3750:
3748:
3727:
3725:
3704:
3702:
3681:
3679:
3658:
3656:
3635:
3633:
3612:
3610:
3589:
3587:
3566:
3564:
3543:
3541:
3520:
3518:
3497:
3495:
3474:
3472:
3451:
3449:
3428:
3426:
3405:
3403:
3382:
3380:
3359:
3357:
3336:
3334:
3313:
3311:
3290:
3288:
3267:
3265:
3244:
3242:
3221:
3219:
3198:
3196:
3175:
3173:
3152:
3150:
3129:
3127:
3106:
3104:
3071:
3069:
3048:
3046:
3025:
3023:
3002:
3000:
2979:
2977:
2956:
2954:
2933:
2931:
2910:
2908:
2887:
2885:
2864:
2862:
2841:
2839:
2818:
2816:
2795:
2793:
2772:
2770:
2749:
2747:
2726:
2724:
2703:
2701:
2680:
2678:
2657:
2655:
2634:
2632:
2611:
2609:
2588:
2586:
2565:
2563:
2542:
2540:
2519:
2517:
2496:
2494:
2473:
2471:
2450:
2448:
2421:
2419:
2398:
2396:
2375:
2373:
2352:
2350:
2329:
2327:
2306:
2304:
2283:
2281:
2260:
2258:
2237:
2235:
2214:
2212:
2191:
2189:
2168:
2166:
2145:
2143:
2122:
2120:
2099:
2097:
2076:
2074:
2053:
2051:
2030:
2028:
2007:
2005:
1984:
1982:
1968:North Macedonia
1961:
1959:
1938:
1936:
1915:
1913:
1892:
1890:
1869:
1867:
1846:
1844:
1823:
1821:
1800:
1798:
1777:
1775:
1754:
1752:
1731:
1729:
1708:
1706:
1685:
1683:
1662:
1660:
1639:
1637:
1616:
1614:
1593:
1591:
1570:
1568:
1547:
1545:
1524:
1522:
1501:
1499:
1478:
1476:
1455:
1453:
1432:
1430:
1409:
1407:
1386:
1384:
1363:
1361:
1340:
1338:
1317:
1315:
1294:
1292:
1271:
1269:
1248:
1246:
1213:
1211:
1190:
1188:
1167:
1165:
1144:
1142:
1121:
1119:
1098:
1096:
1075:
1073:
1052:
1050:
1029:
1027:
1006:
1004:
983:
981:
960:
958:
937:
935:
914:
912:
891:
889:
868:
866:
845:
843:
822:
820:
799:
797:
776:
774:
753:
751:
730:
728:
707:
705:
684:
682:
661:
659:
638:
636:
615:
613:
592:
590:
569:
567:
532:Mykolaiv Oblast
502:Because of the
470:
453:
451:Ranking results
424:
412:
388:
368:
363:
355:
312:
279:
270:
252:
221:
156:
145:
135:
125:
115:
105:
95:
88:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
22039:
22029:
22028:
22023:
22018:
22013:
22008:
22003:
21998:
21993:
21988:
21983:
21966:
21965:
21963:
21962:
21957:
21951:
21949:
21945:
21944:
21942:
21941:
21936:
21931:
21926:
21920:
21918:
21914:
21913:
21906:
21905:
21898:
21891:
21883:
21874:
21873:
21870:
21869:
21864:
21858:
21857:
21854:
21853:
21851:
21850:
21845:
21840:
21835:
21830:
21825:
21820:
21815:
21810:
21805:
21800:
21795:
21790:
21789:
21788:
21783:
21778:
21768:
21763:
21758:
21757:
21756:
21746:
21740:
21738:
21732:
21731:
21729:
21728:
21723:
21718:
21712:
21706:
21700:
21695:
21690:
21685:
21680:
21675:
21669:
21667:
21663:
21662:
21660:
21659:
21653:
21648:
21643:
21638:
21633:
21628:
21623:
21618:
21613:
21608:
21603:
21597:
21595:
21589:
21588:
21586:
21585:
21580:
21575:
21570:
21561:
21556:
21551:
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21536:
21531:
21526:
21521:
21516:
21511:
21506:
21500:
21498:
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21487:
21482:
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21472:
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21462:
21457:
21452:
21447:
21441:
21439:
21433:
21432:
21430:
21429:
21424:
21422:Fertility rate
21419:
21417:Mortality rate
21414:
21409:
21404:
21399:
21394:
21389:
21383:
21381:
21377:
21376:
21374:
21373:
21368:
21363:
21357:
21355:
21349:
21348:
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21345:
21340:
21335:
21330:
21325:
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21315:
21310:
21305:
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21295:
21290:
21285:
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21275:
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21264:
21262:
21258:
21257:
21255:
21254:
21249:
21244:
21239:
21233:
21231:
21227:
21226:
21224:
21223:
21218:
21213:
21208:
21206:European Union
21203:
21198:
21193:
21188:
21182:
21180:
21176:
21175:
21173:
21172:
21167:
21162:
21161:
21160:
21150:
21145:
21140:
21135:
21129:
21127:
21121:
21120:
21118:
21117:
21112:
21111:
21110:
21108:United Nations
21099:
21097:
21091:
21090:
21079:
21078:
21071:
21064:
21056:
21050:
21049:
21044:
21031:
21026:
21021:
21020:
21019:
21014:
20988:
20987:External links
20985:
20983:
20982:
20960:
20934:
20908:
20882:
20849:
20838:(2): 260–264.
20820:
20794:(6): 551–577,
20778:
20768:(3): 607–668,
20745:
20732:
20710:
20694:
20683:on 5 June 2013
20661:
20631:
20615:
20600:
20570:
20567:. 2 June 2020.
20556:
20548:Dagens Nyheter
20532:
20511:
20497:
20483:
20469:
20456:EducationWorld
20443:
20417:
20414:. 1 June 2013.
20399:
20381:
20369:
20344:
20329:
20303:
20269:
20244:
20233:. 20 July 2016
20218:
20192:
20164:
20153:
20123:
20110:New York Times
20100:
20081:
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20008:
19978:
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19916:
19893:
19858:
19819:
19812:
19784:
19759:
19727:
19711:
19695:
19680:
19665:
19650:
19638:
19621:
19606:
19580:
19571:
19552:(5): 539–556.
19536:
19499:
19473:
19439:
19405:
19394:
19375:(5): 619–634.
19359:
19340:(3): 314–332.
19320:
19311:
19267:
19258:
19245:10.1086/648471
19219:
19206:10.1086/698326
19200:(3): 344–364.
19177:
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18914:United Kingdom
18906:
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18895:Ludger Wößmann
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18189:North Carolina
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18172:
18153:
18150:
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18126:
18115:
18114:
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18108:North Carolina
18095:
18094:
18091:
18072:
18069:
18068:
18065:
18049:
18048:
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18033:
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18027:North Carolina
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17727:
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17720:
17706:
17703:
17647:socio-economic
17621:
17620:United Kingdom
17618:
17602:Ibrahim Baylan
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17289:Main article:
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14318:
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14312:
14309:
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14297:
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14291:Czech Republic
14278:
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14268:
14265:
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14253:
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13997:
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13988:
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13350:
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13280:
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13264:
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13260:
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13113:United Kingdom
13100:
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13096:
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13090:
13087:
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13075:
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12870:
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12800:
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11993:
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11640:
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11599:
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11488:
11485:
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11460:
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11450:
11447:
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11438:
11435:
11419:
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11330:
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11318:
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11296:
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11132:
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11119:
11116:
11113:
11110:
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11091:
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11078:
11075:
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11069:
11066:
11050:
11049:
11046:
11043:
11040:
11037:
11034:
11031:
11028:
11025:
11009:
11008:
11005:
11002:
10999:
10996:
10993:
10990:
10987:
10984:
10981:Czech Republic
10968:
10967:
10964:
10961:
10958:
10955:
10952:
10949:
10946:
10943:
10927:
10926:
10923:
10920:
10917:
10914:
10911:
10908:
10905:
10902:
10886:
10885:
10882:
10879:
10876:
10873:
10870:
10867:
10864:
10861:
10845:
10844:
10841:
10838:
10835:
10832:
10829:
10826:
10823:
10820:
10804:
10803:
10800:
10797:
10794:
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10788:
10785:
10782:
10779:
10763:
10762:
10759:
10756:
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10750:
10747:
10744:
10741:
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10722:
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10718:
10715:
10712:
10709:
10706:
10703:
10700:
10697:
10681:
10680:
10677:
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10668:
10665:
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10656:
10639:
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10620:
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10614:
10598:
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10588:
10585:
10582:
10579:
10576:
10573:
10557:
10556:
10553:
10550:
10547:
10544:
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10538:
10535:
10532:
10516:
10515:
10512:
10509:
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10497:
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10473:
10470:
10467:
10464:
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10433:
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10414:
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10408:
10392:
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10379:
10376:
10373:
10370:
10367:
10351:
10350:
10347:
10344:
10341:
10338:
10335:
10332:
10329:
10326:
10310:
10309:
10306:
10303:
10300:
10297:
10294:
10291:
10288:
10285:
10269:
10268:
10265:
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10233:
10230:
10227:
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10221:
10218:
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10197:
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10098:
10082:
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10078:
10075:
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10069:
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10063:
10060:
10057:
10054:
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10045:
10029:
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10025:
10022:
10019:
10016:
10013:
10010:
10007:
10004:
10001:
9998:
9995:
9992:
9989:United Kingdom
9976:
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9969:
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9957:
9954:
9951:
9948:
9945:
9942:
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9901:
9898:
9895:
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9870:
9869:
9866:
9863:
9860:
9857:
9854:
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9848:
9845:
9842:
9839:
9836:
9833:
9817:
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9813:
9810:
9807:
9804:
9801:
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9795:
9792:
9789:
9786:
9783:
9780:
9764:
9763:
9760:
9757:
9754:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9742:
9739:
9736:
9733:
9730:
9727:
9711:
9710:
9707:
9704:
9701:
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9692:
9689:
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8264:
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7909:
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7469:
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7398:
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7379:
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7369:
7366:
7363:
7360:
7357:
7354:
7351:
7348:
7345:
7342:
7326:
7325:
7322:
7319:
7316:
7313:
7310:
7307:
7304:
7301:
7298:
7295:
7292:
7289:
7273:
7272:
7269:
7266:
7263:
7260:
7257:
7254:
7251:
7248:
7245:
7242:
7239:
7236:
7233:Czech Republic
7220:
7219:
7216:
7213:
7210:
7207:
7204:
7201:
7198:
7195:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7167:
7166:
7163:
7160:
7157:
7154:
7151:
7148:
7145:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7130:
7114:
7113:
7110:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7098:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7086:
7083:
7080:
7077:
7061:
7060:
7057:
7054:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7039:
7036:
7033:
7030:
7027:
7024:
7008:
7007:
7004:
7001:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6989:
6986:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6974:
6971:
6955:
6954:
6951:
6948:
6945:
6942:
6939:
6936:
6933:
6930:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6918:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6895:
6892:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6880:
6877:
6874:
6871:
6868:
6865:
6849:
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6845:
6842:
6839:
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6821:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6795:
6794:
6791:
6788:
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6782:
6779:
6776:
6773:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6761:
6758:
6742:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6723:
6720:
6717:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6705:
6689:
6688:
6685:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6673:
6670:
6667:
6664:
6661:
6658:
6655:
6652:
6636:
6635:
6632:
6629:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6582:
6581:
6578:
6575:
6572:
6569:
6566:
6563:
6560:
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6554:
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6507:
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6416:
6413:
6410:
6407:
6404:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6392:
6389:
6386:
6370:
6369:
6366:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6354:
6351:
6348:
6345:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6317:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6292:
6289:
6286:
6283:
6280:
6276:
6275:
6272:
6269:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6215:
6214:
6207:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6193:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6155:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6132:
6128:
6127:
6124:
6109:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6086:
6082:
6081:
6078:
6063:
6059:
6058:
6055:
6040:
6036:
6035:
6032:
6017:
6013:
6012:
6009:
5994:
5990:
5989:
5986:
5971:
5967:
5966:
5963:
5948:
5944:
5943:
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5925:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5902:
5898:
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5879:
5875:
5874:
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5851:
5848:
5833:
5829:
5828:
5825:
5810:
5806:
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5787:
5783:
5782:
5779:
5764:
5760:
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5741:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5710:
5695:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5672:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5649:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5603:
5599:
5598:
5595:
5580:
5576:
5575:
5572:
5557:
5553:
5552:
5549:
5534:
5530:
5529:
5526:
5511:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5480:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5411:
5396:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5365:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5304:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5281:
5277:
5276:
5273:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5212:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5112:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5066:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4755:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4709:
4706:Czech Republic
4694:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4625:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4614:United Kingdom
4602:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4479:
4464:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4430:Chinese Taipei
4418:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4326:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4013:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3012:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2848:Czech Republic
2836:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2779:United Kingdom
2767:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2526:Chinese Taipei
2514:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2445:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
978:
974:
973:
970:
967:Czech Republic
955:
951:
950:
947:
932:
928:
927:
924:
909:
905:
904:
901:
886:
882:
881:
878:
875:United Kingdom
863:
859:
858:
855:
840:
836:
835:
832:
817:
813:
812:
809:
794:
790:
789:
786:
771:
767:
766:
763:
748:
744:
743:
740:
725:
721:
720:
717:
702:
698:
697:
694:
679:
675:
674:
671:
656:
652:
651:
648:
633:
629:
628:
625:
622:Chinese Taipei
610:
606:
605:
602:
587:
583:
582:
579:
564:
556:
555:
552:
549:
528:Kherson Oblast
520:Luhansk Oblast
516:Kharkiv Oblast
512:Donetsk Oblast
469:
466:
452:
449:
423:
420:
411:
408:
387:
384:
367:
364:
362:
359:
354:
353:Implementation
351:
311:
308:
278:
275:
269:
266:
261:
260:
251:
248:
246:more broadly.
220:
217:
170:
169:
154:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
94:Region served
93:
90:
89:
87:
86:
78:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
22038:
22027:
22024:
22022:
22019:
22017:
22014:
22012:
22009:
22007:
22004:
22002:
21999:
21997:
21994:
21992:
21989:
21987:
21984:
21982:
21979:
21978:
21976:
21961:
21958:
21956:
21953:
21952:
21950:
21946:
21940:
21937:
21935:
21932:
21930:
21927:
21925:
21922:
21921:
21919:
21915:
21911:
21904:
21899:
21897:
21892:
21890:
21885:
21884:
21881:
21868:
21865:
21863:
21860:
21859:
21855:
21849:
21846:
21844:
21841:
21839:
21838:Public sector
21836:
21834:
21831:
21829:
21826:
21824:
21821:
21819:
21816:
21814:
21811:
21809:
21806:
21804:
21801:
21799:
21796:
21794:
21791:
21787:
21784:
21782:
21779:
21777:
21774:
21773:
21772:
21769:
21767:
21764:
21762:
21759:
21755:
21752:
21751:
21750:
21747:
21745:
21742:
21741:
21739:
21737:
21733:
21727:
21724:
21722:
21719:
21716:
21713:
21710:
21707:
21704:
21701:
21699:
21696:
21694:
21693:Literacy rate
21691:
21689:
21686:
21684:
21681:
21679:
21676:
21674:
21671:
21670:
21668:
21664:
21657:
21654:
21652:
21649:
21647:
21644:
21642:
21639:
21637:
21634:
21632:
21629:
21627:
21624:
21622:
21619:
21617:
21614:
21612:
21609:
21607:
21604:
21602:
21599:
21598:
21596:
21594:
21590:
21584:
21581:
21579:
21576:
21574:
21571:
21569:
21565:
21562:
21560:
21557:
21555:
21552:
21550:
21547:
21545:
21542:
21540:
21537:
21535:
21532:
21530:
21527:
21525:
21522:
21520:
21517:
21515:
21514:Age structure
21512:
21510:
21507:
21505:
21502:
21501:
21499:
21497:
21492:
21486:
21483:
21481:
21480:world regions
21478:
21476:
21475:South America
21473:
21471:
21468:
21466:
21465:North America
21463:
21461:
21458:
21456:
21453:
21451:
21448:
21446:
21443:
21442:
21440:
21438:
21434:
21428:
21425:
21423:
21420:
21418:
21415:
21413:
21410:
21408:
21405:
21403:
21400:
21398:
21395:
21393:
21390:
21388:
21385:
21384:
21382:
21378:
21372:
21369:
21367:
21364:
21362:
21359:
21358:
21356:
21354:
21350:
21344:
21341:
21339:
21336:
21334:
21331:
21329:
21326:
21324:
21321:
21319:
21316:
21314:
21311:
21309:
21306:
21304:
21301:
21299:
21296:
21294:
21291:
21289:
21286:
21284:
21281:
21279:
21276:
21274:
21271:
21269:
21266:
21265:
21263:
21259:
21253:
21252:Megalopolises
21250:
21248:
21245:
21243:
21240:
21238:
21235:
21234:
21232:
21228:
21222:
21219:
21217:
21216:Latin America
21214:
21212:
21209:
21207:
21204:
21202:
21199:
21197:
21194:
21192:
21189:
21187:
21184:
21183:
21181:
21177:
21171:
21170:South America
21168:
21166:
21163:
21159:
21156:
21155:
21154:
21153:North America
21151:
21149:
21146:
21144:
21141:
21139:
21136:
21134:
21131:
21130:
21128:
21126:
21122:
21116:
21113:
21109:
21106:
21105:
21104:
21101:
21100:
21098:
21096:
21092:
21088:
21084:
21077:
21072:
21070:
21065:
21063:
21058:
21057:
21054:
21048:
21045:
21043:
21039:
21035:
21032:
21030:
21027:
21025:
21022:
21018:
21015:
21013:
21012:92-64-17053-7
21009:
21005:
21004:
20999:
20996:
20995:
20994:
20991:
20990:
20971:
20964:
20949:
20945:
20938:
20923:
20919:
20912:
20897:
20893:
20886:
20879:
20875:
20871:
20867:
20860:
20853:
20845:
20841:
20837:
20833:
20832:
20824:
20817:
20813:
20809:
20805:
20801:
20797:
20793:
20789:
20782:
20775:
20771:
20767:
20763:
20756:
20749:
20742:
20736:
20725:
20719:
20717:
20715:
20707:
20701:
20699:
20679:
20672:
20665:
20649:
20645:
20643:
20635:
20628:
20625:
20619:
20612:
20609:
20604:
20590:
20589:
20584:
20577:
20575:
20566:
20560:
20550:
20549:
20545:
20539:
20537:
20526:
20525:
20521:
20515:
20507:
20501:
20493:
20487:
20479:
20473:
20457:
20453:
20447:
20431:
20427:
20421:
20413:
20409:
20403:
20395:
20391:
20385:
20378:
20373:
20365:
20361:
20360:
20355:
20348:
20341:
20338:
20333:
20318:
20314:
20307:
20292:
20288:
20284:
20283:The Telegraph
20280:
20273:
20258:
20254:
20248:
20232:
20228:
20222:
20207:
20203:
20196:
20181:
20180:
20175:
20168:
20162:
20157:
20141:
20137:
20135:
20127:
20121:
20119:
20113:
20111:
20104:
20096:
20092:
20085:
20071:
20070:
20065:
20058:
20044:
20043:
20038:
20031:
20029:
20021:
20020:The Telegraph
20018:
20012:
19997:
19990:
19989:
19982:
19964:
19960:
19953:
19952:
19944:
19936:
19932:
19928:
19927:
19920:
19912:
19905:
19904:
19897:
19890:
19878:
19871:
19870:
19862:
19854:
19850:
19846:
19842:
19838:
19834:
19830:
19823:
19815:
19809:
19805:
19801:
19797:
19796:
19792:OECD (2023).
19788:
19773:
19769:
19763:
19748:
19744:
19738:
19736:
19734:
19732:
19723:
19715:
19707:
19699:
19691:
19684:
19678:
19675:
19669:
19662:
19659:
19654:
19647:
19642:
19631:
19625:
19617:
19610:
19594:
19590:
19584:
19575:
19567:
19563:
19559:
19555:
19551:
19547:
19540:
19525:
19521:
19517:
19510:
19503:
19487:
19483:
19477:
19462:
19458:
19454:
19450:
19443:
19434:
19429:
19425:
19421:
19417:
19409:
19403:
19398:
19390:
19386:
19382:
19378:
19374:
19370:
19363:
19355:
19351:
19347:
19343:
19339:
19335:
19331:
19324:
19315:
19306:
19301:
19297:
19293:
19289:
19282:
19280:
19278:
19276:
19274:
19272:
19262:
19254:
19250:
19246:
19242:
19238:
19234:
19230:
19223:
19215:
19211:
19207:
19203:
19199:
19195:
19191:
19184:
19182:
19173:
19169:
19164:
19159:
19155:
19151:
19147:
19140:
19138:
19128:
19112:
19108:
19102:
19100:
19098:
19096:
19094:
19077:
19073:
19069:
19063:
19055:
19049:
19045:
19038:
19023:
19019:
19013:
19009:
18994:
18991:
18988:
18985:
18982:
18979:
18976:
18973:
18972:
18966:
18964:
18961:According to
18959:
18957:
18952:
18950:
18946:
18942:
18938:
18934:
18929:
18927:
18923:
18919:
18915:
18911:
18902:
18900:
18896:
18892:
18891:Eric Hanushek
18876:
18873:
18870:
18867:
18864:
18861:
18858:
18855:
18854:
18850:
18847:
18844:
18841:
18838:
18835:
18832:
18829:
18828:
18824:
18821:
18818:
18815:
18812:
18809:
18806:
18803:
18802:
18798:
18795:
18792:
18789:
18786:
18783:
18780:
18777:
18776:
18772:
18769:
18766:
18763:
18760:
18757:
18754:
18751:
18750:
18746:
18743:
18740:
18737:
18734:
18731:
18728:
18725:
18724:
18720:
18717:
18714:
18711:
18708:
18705:
18702:
18699:
18698:
18676:
18675:
18671:
18668:
18665:
18662:
18659:
18656:
18653:
18649:
18644:
18636:
18633:
18630:
18627:
18624:
18621:
18620:
18616:
18613:
18610:
18607:
18604:
18601:
18600:
18596:
18593:
18590:
18587:
18584:
18581:
18580:
18576:
18573:
18570:
18567:
18564:
18561:
18560:
18556:
18553:
18550:
18547:
18544:
18541:
18540:
18536:
18533:
18530:
18527:
18524:
18521:
18520:
18516:
18513:
18510:
18507:
18504:
18501:
18500:
18484:
18483:
18479:
18476:
18473:
18470:
18467:
18463:
18458:
18450:
18447:
18444:
18441:
18438:
18435:
18432:
18431:
18427:
18424:
18421:
18418:
18415:
18412:
18409:
18408:
18404:
18401:
18398:
18395:
18392:
18389:
18386:
18385:
18381:
18378:
18375:
18372:
18369:
18366:
18363:
18362:
18358:
18355:
18352:
18349:
18346:
18343:
18340:
18339:
18335:
18332:
18329:
18326:
18323:
18320:
18317:
18316:
18312:
18309:
18306:
18303:
18300:
18297:
18294:
18293:
18274:
18273:
18269:
18266:
18263:
18260:
18257:
18254:
18250:
18245:
18228:
18225:
18213:
18212:
18208:
18203:
18198:
18197:
18193:
18190:
18178:
18177:
18173:
18170:
18169:Massachusetts
18158:
18157:
18154:
18147:
18144:
18132:
18131:
18127:
18122:
18117:
18116:
18112:
18109:
18097:
18096:
18092:
18089:
18088:Massachusetts
18077:
18076:
18073:
18066:
18063:
18051:
18050:
18046:
18041:
18036:
18035:
18031:
18028:
18016:
18015:
18011:
18008:
18007:Massachusetts
17996:
17995:
17992:
17991:
17987:
17984:
17981:
17980:
17965:
17962:
17950:
17949:
17945:
17940:
17935:
17934:
17930:
17927:
17915:
17914:
17910:
17907:
17906:Massachusetts
17895:
17894:
17891:
17884:
17881:
17869:
17868:
17864:
17859:
17854:
17853:
17849:
17846:
17834:
17833:
17829:
17826:
17825:Massachusetts
17814:
17813:
17810:
17803:
17800:
17788:
17787:
17783:
17778:
17773:
17772:
17768:
17765:
17753:
17752:
17748:
17745:
17744:Massachusetts
17733:
17732:
17729:
17728:
17724:
17721:
17718:
17717:
17711:
17705:United States
17702:
17700:
17695:
17692:
17688:
17685:
17681:
17676:
17674:
17673:
17669:In 2013, the
17667:
17665:
17661:
17657:
17656:
17650:
17648:
17643:
17639:
17635:
17631:
17627:
17617:
17614:
17610:
17605:
17603:
17599:
17598:Stefan Löfven
17596:
17585:
17583:
17582:Ong Kian Ming
17573:
17571:
17566:
17563:
17559:
17555:
17554:Narendra Modi
17552:
17548:
17543:
17540:
17531:
17529:
17525:
17514:
17512:
17508:
17503:
17500:
17499:
17494:
17488:
17486:
17482:
17478:
17474:
17470:
17465:
17463:
17459:
17457:
17452:
17448:
17444:
17433:
17423:
17416:
17413:
17410:
17407:
17404:
17401:
17400:
17396:
17393:
17390:
17387:
17384:
17381:
17380:
17376:
17373:
17370:
17367:
17364:
17361:
17360:
17356:
17352:
17349:
17346:
17343:
17340:
17337:
17336:
17332:
17329:
17326:
17323:
17320:
17317:
17316:
17312:
17309:
17306:
17303:
17300:
17297:
17296:
17292:
17274:
17272:
17270:
17260:
17258:
17256:
17251:
17243:
17240:
17237:
17234:
17231:
17228:
17225:
17222:
17219:
17216:
17213:
17210:
17207:
17195:
17194:
17190:
17187:
17184:
17181:
17178:
17175:
17172:
17169:
17166:
17163:
17160:
17157:
17154:
17142:
17141:
17137:
17134:
17131:
17128:
17125:
17122:
17119:
17116:
17113:
17110:
17107:
17104:
17101:
17100:United States
17089:
17088:
17084:
17081:
17078:
17075:
17072:
17069:
17066:
17063:
17060:
17057:
17054:
17051:
17048:
17036:
17035:
17031:
17028:
17025:
17022:
17019:
17016:
17013:
17010:
17007:
17004:
17001:
16998:
16995:
16983:
16982:
16978:
16975:
16972:
16969:
16966:
16963:
16960:
16957:
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2806:
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2802:United States
2791:
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2768:
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2757:
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2110:
2107:
2095:
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2064:
2061:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1911:
1908:
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1397:
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1382:
1379:
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1359:
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1347:United States
1336:
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1313:
1310:
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1302:
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979:
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680:
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500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
465:
461:
459:
448:
445:
441:
438:, a model of
437:
432:
430:
419:
415:
407:
405:
400:
392:
383:
381:
377:
372:
358:
350:
346:
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331:
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321:
317:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
274:
265:
258:
257:
256:
247:
245:
241:
238:, changes in
237:
236:new knowledge
232:
228:
224:
216:
213:
211:
207:
203:
198:
192:
184:
176:
167:
155:
151:
147:
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137:
131:
127:
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117:
111:
107:
101:
97:
91:
84:
80:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
33:
19:
21933:
21813:Labour force
21702:
21641:Suicide rate
21626:Obesity rate
21583:Urbanization
21524:Divorce rate
21496:demographics
21237:World cities
21041:
21002:
20973:. Retrieved
20963:
20951:. Retrieved
20948:The Guardian
20947:
20937:
20925:. Retrieved
20921:
20911:
20899:. Retrieved
20895:
20885:
20869:
20865:
20852:
20835:
20829:
20823:
20791:
20787:
20781:
20765:
20761:
20748:
20740:
20735:
20705:
20685:. Retrieved
20678:the original
20664:
20652:. Retrieved
20648:the original
20641:
20634:
20618:
20603:
20592:, retrieved
20588:The Guardian
20586:
20559:
20553:(in Swedish)
20546:
20529:(in Swedish)
20522:
20514:
20500:
20486:
20472:
20460:. Retrieved
20455:
20446:
20434:. Retrieved
20429:
20420:
20411:
20402:
20393:
20384:
20372:
20364:the original
20357:
20347:
20332:
20320:. Retrieved
20316:
20306:
20294:. Retrieved
20282:
20272:
20260:. Retrieved
20256:
20247:
20235:. Retrieved
20230:
20221:
20209:. Retrieved
20205:
20195:
20183:. Retrieved
20177:
20167:
20156:
20144:. Retrieved
20140:the original
20133:
20126:
20117:
20109:
20103:
20094:
20084:
20073:, retrieved
20067:
20057:
20046:, retrieved
20040:
20011:
20000:, retrieved
19987:
19981:
19970:, retrieved
19963:the original
19950:
19943:
19935:the original
19925:
19919:
19902:
19896:
19887:
19880:, retrieved
19868:
19861:
19836:
19832:
19822:
19794:
19787:
19775:. Retrieved
19771:
19762:
19750:. Retrieved
19746:
19720:
19714:
19704:
19698:
19689:
19683:
19673:
19668:
19653:
19641:
19624:
19609:
19597:. Retrieved
19593:the original
19583:
19574:
19549:
19545:
19539:
19527:. Retrieved
19515:
19502:
19490:. Retrieved
19486:the original
19476:
19464:. Retrieved
19452:
19442:
19423:
19419:
19408:
19397:
19372:
19368:
19362:
19337:
19333:
19323:
19314:
19295:
19291:
19261:
19236:
19232:
19222:
19197:
19193:
19153:
19149:
19127:
19115:. Retrieved
19111:the original
19080:. Retrieved
19071:
19062:
19043:
19037:
19025:. Retrieved
19021:
19018:"About PISA"
19012:
18977:in PISA 2009
18960:
18953:
18930:
18908:
18887:
18247:Mathematics
17982:Mathematics
17719:Mathematics
17708:
17696:
17689:
17677:
17670:
17668:
17653:
17651:
17623:
17606:
17591:
17579:
17572:disruption.
17567:
17544:
17541:
17537:
17528:Krista Kiuru
17520:
17504:
17496:
17489:
17466:
17460:
17440:
17421:
17405:Mathematics
17341:Mathematics
16726:
12864:
9668:
6213:Mathematics
5753:Saudi Arabia
4903:
4749:
3918:Saudi Arabia
3091:
2730:
1991:Saudi Arabia
1232:
734:
548:Mathematics
501:
478:
471:
462:
454:
433:
425:
422:Data scaling
416:
413:
401:
397:
373:
369:
356:
347:
343:
339:
332:
313:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
271:
262:
253:
243:
239:
235:
233:
229:
225:
222:
214:
205:
201:
199:
197:
128:Yuri Belfali
104:Membership
83:André Pascal
67:Headquarters
43:Abbreviation
21221:Middle East
20998:OECD (1999)
20953:22 November
20927:22 November
20901:22 November
20231:India Today
19882:14 December
19772:OECD – PISA
19672:C. Füller:
19599:22 November
19529:26 December
19492:22 November
19466:26 December
19239:(1): 5–25.
19156:(1): 1–31.
19117:22 November
19082:15 December
18752:US Average
18542:US Average
18341:US Average
18224:Puerto Rico
18206:US Average
18143:Puerto Rico
18125:US Average
18062:Puerto Rico
18044:US Average
17943:US Average
17926:Connecticut
17862:US Average
17845:Connecticut
17781:US Average
17764:Connecticut
16729:Switzerland
16040:New Zealand
15987:Netherlands
15351:South Korea
12867:Switzerland
12334:New Zealand
12293:Netherlands
11801:South Korea
9671:Switzerland
8982:New Zealand
8929:Netherlands
8293:South Korea
6075:Philippines
5937:El Salvador
5132:Netherlands
4752:Switzerland
4545:New Zealand
4407:South Korea
4263:Philippines
4102:El Salvador
3009:Netherlands
2733:Switzerland
2710:New Zealand
2549:South Korea
2359:El Salvador
2313:Philippines
1082:New Zealand
783:Netherlands
737:Switzerland
691:South Korea
436:Rasch model
21975:Categories
21948:Guidelines
21776:by country
21568:Irreligion
21549:Median age
21412:Birth rate
21247:Megacities
21191:Arab world
21138:Antarctica
20975:4 December
20594:4 December
20002:4 December
19027:8 February
19005:References
17565:as mango.
15934:Montenegro
15616:Luxembourg
15298:Kazakhstan
14132:Costa Rica
12252:Montenegro
12006:Luxembourg
11760:Kazakhstan
10858:Costa Rica
8876:Montenegro
8558:Luxembourg
8240:Kazakhstan
7074:Costa Rica
6167:Uzbekistan
5914:Azerbaijan
5730:Kazakhstan
5615:Montenegro
5454:Costa Rica
4286:Uzbekistan
4010:Azerbaijan
3895:Montenegro
3734:Costa Rica
3573:Kazakhstan
2221:Uzbekistan
2014:Costa Rica
1853:Azerbaijan
1830:Montenegro
1623:Kazakhstan
540:Sevastopol
380:Luxembourg
134:Main organ
21573:Sex ratio
21158:Caribbean
20524:Expressen
20322:11 August
20296:11 August
20291:0307-1235
20262:11 August
20237:12 August
20211:11 August
19853:2049-6613
19722:Analysis.
19706:Analysis.
19618:. Yahoo!.
19566:154584726
19524:1646-6500
19461:1646-6500
19389:144656964
19354:0964-4008
19253:0010-4086
19214:0010-4086
19172:1559-744X
19022:OECD PISA
18949:Argentina
18941:Hong Kong
18804:Hispanic
18582:Hispanic
18387:Hispanic
17664:birthrate
17642:Huw Lewis
17609:Expressen
17507:Liz Truss
17505:In 2014,
17485:Guangdong
17447:Hong Kong
17426:Reception
16464:Singapore
15563:Lithuania
14980:Indonesia
14821:Hong Kong
14609:Macedonia
13866:Argentina
13547:Australia
13494:Argentina
12662:Singapore
11965:Lithuania
11514:Indonesia
11391:Hong Kong
11227:Macedonia
10652:Argentina
10405:Australia
10364:Argentina
9406:Singapore
8505:Lithuania
7922:Indonesia
7763:Hong Kong
7551:Macedonia
6808:Argentina
6489:Australia
6436:Argentina
5960:Indonesia
5868:Guatemala
5661:Argentina
5063:Lithuania
4591:Australia
4568:Hong Kong
4338:Singapore
4125:Guatemala
3987:Indonesia
3826:Argentina
3113:Lithuania
2664:Australia
2595:Hong Kong
2457:Singapore
2336:Guatemala
2152:Indonesia
2083:Argentina
1128:Lithuania
921:Australia
645:Hong Kong
576:Singapore
474:Singapore
330:(PIRLS).
310:Framework
51:Formation
18:PISA 2012
21736:Economic
21564:Religion
21186:Americas
20896:BBC News
20808:26161733
20206:BBC News
20179:BBC News
20095:BBC News
19076:Archived
18969:See also
18646:Reading
18460:Science
17988:Reading
17985:Science
17725:Reading
17722:Science
17634:Scotland
17576:Malaysia
17481:Zhejiang
17473:Shanghai
17443:Shanghai
17414:510,000
17394:470,000
17391:41 + 10
17385:Reading
17374:400,000
17365:Science
17350:275,000
17330:265,000
17321:Reading
16782:Thailand
16570:Slovenia
16517:Slovakia
16252:Portugal
15722:Malaysia
14079:Colombia
13813:Bulgaria
13656:B-S-J-G
13276:Country
13271:Reading
12908:Thailand
12744:Slovenia
12703:Slovakia
12498:Portugal
12088:Malaysia
10817:Colombia
10611:Bulgaria
10490:B-S-J-G
10200:Country
10195:Science
9724:Thailand
9512:Slovenia
9459:Slovakia
9194:Portugal
8664:Malaysia
7021:Colombia
6755:Bulgaria
6598:B-S-J-G
6218:Country
6190:Cambodia
5891:Paraguay
5822:Mongolia
5799:Thailand
5707:Malaysia
5638:Bulgaria
5569:Colombia
5201:Slovakia
5086:Slovenia
4890:Portugal
4309:Cambodia
4171:Paraguay
3780:Thailand
3711:Colombia
3665:Mongolia
3642:Malaysia
3596:Bulgaria
3320:Slovakia
3136:Portugal
2756:Slovenia
2428:Cambodia
2405:Paraguay
2037:Colombia
1899:Thailand
1807:Malaysia
1692:Bulgaria
1646:Mongolia
1370:Slovakia
1220:Portugal
990:Slovenia
554:Reading
551:Science
497:Zhejiang
489:Shanghai
366:Sampling
335:literacy
75:Location
21917:History
21803:Exports
21798:Imports
21717:(TIMSS)
21711:(PIRLS)
21470:Oceania
21211:Islands
21201:Eurasia
21165:Oceania
20844:2950928
20816:9251473
20708:(2013).
20687:13 July
20654:26 July
20462:27 July
20185:19 July
20146:7 March
20075:28 June
20048:28 June
19972:28 June
18995:(TIMSS)
18989:(TALIS)
18983:(PIRLS)
18926:Denmark
18918:Germany
17961:Florida
17880:Florida
17799:Florida
17682:of the
17626:England
17517:Finland
17477:Jiangsu
17469:Beijing
17327:4 + 11
17298:Period
17206:Vietnam
17153:Uruguay
16888:Tunisia
16358:Romania
15881:Moldova
15510:Lebanon
15033:Ireland
14927:Iceland
14874:Hungary
14715:Germany
14662:Georgia
14503:Finland
14450:Estonia
14344:Denmark
14185:Croatia
13707:Belgium
13600:Austria
13441:Algeria
13388:Albania
13236:Vietnam
13195:Uruguay
12990:Tunisia
12580:Romania
12211:Moldova
11924:Lebanon
11555:Ireland
11473:Iceland
11432:Hungary
11309:Germany
11268:Georgia
11145:Finland
11104:Estonia
11022:Denmark
10899:Croatia
10529:Belgium
10446:Austria
10323:Algeria
10282:Albania
10148:Vietnam
10095:Uruguay
9830:Tunisia
9300:Romania
8823:Moldova
8452:Lebanon
7975:Ireland
7869:Iceland
7816:Hungary
7657:Germany
7604:Georgia
7445:Finland
7392:Estonia
7286:Denmark
7127:Croatia
6649:Belgium
6542:Austria
6383:Algeria
6330:Albania
6144:Morocco
6006:Albania
5845:Georgia
5546:Jamaica
5500:Moldova
5385:Ukraine
5362:Romania
5316:Uruguay
5293:Iceland
5109:Vietnam
5040:Hungary
4926:Croatia
4844:Belgium
4821:Austria
4798:Germany
4660:Denmark
4637:Finland
4453:Estonia
4361:Ireland
4194:Morocco
4056:Albania
3964:Georgia
3872:Jamaica
3619:Moldova
3550:Romania
3481:Uruguay
3366:Iceland
3343:Ukraine
3251:Vietnam
3159:Croatia
3055:Hungary
2986:Belgium
2963:Austria
2940:Germany
2871:Denmark
2687:Ireland
2641:Finland
2572:Estonia
2198:Morocco
2129:Albania
2106:Jamaica
1945:Georgia
1784:Uruguay
1715:Moldova
1600:Romania
1508:Ukraine
1416:Iceland
1393:Croatia
1278:Vietnam
1197:Hungary
1105:Germany
1013:Finland
944:Austria
852:Denmark
829:Belgium
806:Ireland
714:Estonia
493:Jiangsu
485:Beijing
481:Lebanon
376:Iceland
153:Website
59:Purpose
21705:(PISA)
21593:Health
21494:Other
21460:Europe
21450:Africa
21148:Europe
21133:Africa
21095:Global
21010:
20922:Forbes
20842:
20814:
20806:
20436:19 May
20289:
19851:
19810:
19777:21 May
19752:21 May
19564:
19522:
19459:
19387:
19352:
19251:
19212:
19170:
19050:
18947:, and
18933:Forbes
18922:Norway
18856:Other
18830:Black
18726:White
18700:Asian
18695:Score
18692:Score
18689:Score
18686:Score
18683:Score
18680:Score
18677:Score
18622:Black
18602:Other
18522:White
18502:Asian
18497:Score
18494:Score
18491:Score
18488:Score
18485:Score
18433:Black
18410:Other
18318:White
18295:Asian
18290:Score
18287:Score
18284:Score
18281:Score
18278:Score
18275:Score
18221:
18186:
18166:
18140:
18105:
18085:
18059:
18024:
18004:
17958:
17923:
17903:
17877:
17842:
17822:
17796:
17761:
17741:
17588:Sweden
17560:under
17449:, and
17313:Notes
17301:Focus
17203:
17150:
17097:
17044:
16991:
16941:Turkey
16938:
16885:
16832:
16779:
16676:Sweden
16673:
16620:
16567:
16514:
16461:
16411:Russia
16408:
16355:
16302:
16249:
16199:Poland
16196:
16143:
16093:Norway
16090:
16037:
15984:
15931:
15878:
15828:Mexico
15825:
15772:
15719:
15666:
15613:
15560:
15507:
15457:Latvia
15454:
15404:Kosovo
15401:
15348:
15295:
15245:Jordan
15242:
15189:
15136:
15086:Israel
15083:
15030:
14977:
14924:
14871:
14818:
14768:Greece
14765:
14712:
14659:
14606:
14556:France
14553:
14500:
14447:
14394:
14341:
14288:
14238:Cyprus
14235:
14182:
14129:
14076:
14026:Taiwan
14023:
13970:
13920:Canada
13917:
13863:
13810:
13760:Brazil
13757:
13704:
13650:
13597:
13544:
13491:
13438:
13385:
13329:Score
13323:Score
13317:Score
13311:Score
13305:Score
13299:Score
13233:
13192:
13151:
13110:
13069:
13031:Turkey
13028:
12987:
12946:
12905:
12826:Sweden
12823:
12782:
12741:
12700:
12659:
12621:Russia
12618:
12577:
12536:
12495:
12457:Poland
12454:
12413:
12375:Norway
12372:
12331:
12290:
12249:
12208:
12170:Mexico
12167:
12126:
12085:
12044:
12003:
11962:
11921:
11883:Latvia
11880:
11842:Kosovo
11839:
11798:
11757:
11719:Jordan
11716:
11675:
11634:
11596:Israel
11593:
11552:
11511:
11470:
11429:
11388:
11350:Greece
11347:
11306:
11265:
11224:
11186:France
11183:
11142:
11101:
11060:
11019:
10978:
10940:Cyprus
10937:
10896:
10855:
10814:
10776:Taiwan
10773:
10732:
10694:Canada
10691:
10649:
10608:
10570:Brazil
10567:
10526:
10484:
10443:
10402:
10361:
10320:
10279:
10235:Score
10229:Score
10223:Score
10217:Score
10145:
10092:
10039:
9986:
9933:
9883:Turkey
9880:
9827:
9774:
9721:
9618:Sweden
9615:
9562:
9509:
9456:
9403:
9353:Russia
9350:
9297:
9244:
9191:
9141:Poland
9138:
9085:
9035:Norway
9032:
8979:
8926:
8873:
8820:
8770:Mexico
8767:
8714:
8661:
8608:
8555:
8502:
8449:
8399:Latvia
8396:
8346:Kosovo
8343:
8290:
8237:
8187:Jordan
8184:
8131:
8078:
8028:Israel
8025:
7972:
7919:
7866:
7813:
7760:
7710:Greece
7707:
7654:
7601:
7548:
7498:France
7495:
7442:
7389:
7336:
7283:
7230:
7180:Cyprus
7177:
7124:
7071:
7018:
6968:Taiwan
6965:
6912:
6862:Canada
6859:
6805:
6752:
6702:Brazil
6699:
6646:
6592:
6539:
6486:
6433:
6380:
6327:
6271:Score
6265:Score
6259:Score
6253:Score
6247:Score
6241:Score
6187:
6164:
6141:
6121:Kosovo
6118:
6098:Jordan
6095:
6072:
6049:
6026:
6003:
5980:
5957:
5934:
5911:
5888:
5865:
5842:
5819:
5796:
5776:Cyprus
5773:
5750:
5727:
5704:
5684:Panama
5681:
5658:
5635:
5612:
5589:
5566:
5543:
5523:Brazil
5520:
5497:
5477:Mexico
5474:
5451:
5428:
5405:
5382:
5359:
5339:Brunei
5336:
5313:
5290:
5270:Greece
5267:
5247:Serbia
5244:
5221:
5198:
5175:
5155:Turkey
5152:
5129:
5106:
5083:
5060:
5037:
5017:Israel
5014:
4994:France
4991:
4969:
4949:Latvia
4946:
4923:
4887:
4867:Norway
4864:
4841:
4818:
4795:
4772:
4729:Sweden
4726:
4703:
4683:Poland
4680:
4657:
4634:
4611:
4588:
4565:
4542:
4519:
4499:Canada
4496:
4473:
4450:
4427:
4404:
4381:
4358:
4335:
4306:
4283:
4260:
4240:Kosovo
4237:
4214:
4191:
4168:
4145:
4122:
4099:
4079:Jordan
4076:
4053:
4030:
4007:
3984:
3961:
3941:Panama
3938:
3915:
3892:
3869:
3849:Brazil
3846:
3823:
3800:
3777:
3757:Mexico
3754:
3731:
3708:
3688:Cyprus
3685:
3662:
3639:
3616:
3593:
3570:
3547:
3524:
3501:
3478:
3458:Greece
3455:
3432:
3412:Brunei
3409:
3389:Serbia
3386:
3363:
3340:
3317:
3297:Israel
3294:
3271:
3248:
3228:Turkey
3225:
3202:
3182:Norway
3179:
3156:
3133:
3110:
3075:
3052:
3032:France
3029:
3006:
2983:
2960:
2937:
2917:Sweden
2914:
2894:Latvia
2891:
2868:
2845:
2825:Poland
2822:
2799:
2776:
2753:
2707:
2684:
2661:
2638:
2618:Canada
2615:
2592:
2569:
2546:
2523:
2500:
2477:
2454:
2425:
2402:
2379:
2356:
2333:
2310:
2290:Kosovo
2287:
2267:Panama
2264:
2244:Jordan
2241:
2218:
2195:
2172:
2149:
2126:
2103:
2080:
2060:Brazil
2057:
2034:
2011:
1988:
1965:
1942:
1919:
1896:
1876:Mexico
1873:
1850:
1827:
1804:
1781:
1758:
1735:
1712:
1689:
1669:Cyprus
1666:
1643:
1620:
1597:
1577:Greece
1574:
1551:
1531:Serbia
1528:
1505:
1485:Brunei
1482:
1462:Turkey
1459:
1439:Israel
1436:
1413:
1390:
1367:
1344:
1321:
1301:Norway
1298:
1275:
1252:
1217:
1194:
1171:
1151:France
1148:
1125:
1102:
1079:
1059:Sweden
1056:
1036:Latvia
1033:
1010:
987:
964:
941:
918:
898:Poland
895:
872:
849:
826:
803:
780:
760:Canada
757:
711:
688:
665:
642:
619:
596:
573:
534:, the
242:, and
81:2 rue
21658:(BMI)
21445:World
20862:(PDF)
20840:JSTOR
20812:S2CID
20758:(PDF)
20727:(PDF)
20681:(PDF)
20674:(PDF)
19992:(PDF)
19966:(PDF)
19955:(PDF)
19907:(PDF)
19873:(PDF)
19839:(3).
19633:(PDF)
19562:S2CID
19512:(PDF)
19385:S2CID
18945:Macau
18937:China
18672:2000
18669:2003
18666:2006
18663:2009
18660:2012
18657:2015
18654:2018
18651:Race
18480:2006
18477:2009
18474:2012
18471:2015
18468:2018
18465:Race
18270:2003
18267:2006
18264:2009
18261:2012
18258:2015
18255:2018
18252:Race
17630:Wales
17534:India
17493:hukou
17451:Macau
17437:China
17402:2012
17382:2009
17362:2006
17338:2003
17318:2000
16623:Spain
16305:Qatar
15775:Malta
15669:Macau
15192:Japan
15139:Italy
13973:Chile
13869:CABA
13653:China
13332:Rank
13326:Rank
13320:Rank
13314:Rank
13308:Rank
13302:Rank
13294:2000
13291:2003
13288:2006
13285:2009
13282:2012
13279:2015
12785:Spain
12539:Qatar
12129:Malta
12047:Macau
11678:Japan
11637:Italy
10735:Chile
10655:CABA
10487:China
10238:Rank
10232:Rank
10226:Rank
10220:Rank
10212:2006
10209:2009
10206:2012
10203:2015
9565:Spain
9247:Qatar
8717:Malta
8611:Macau
8134:Japan
8081:Italy
6915:Chile
6811:CABA
6595:China
6274:Rank
6268:Rank
6262:Rank
6256:Rank
6250:Rank
6244:Rank
6236:2000
6233:2003
6230:2006
6227:2009
6224:2012
6221:2015
5408:Qatar
5224:Malta
5178:Chile
4972:Spain
4775:Italy
4476:Macau
4384:Japan
3527:Qatar
3435:Chile
3274:Malta
3205:Italy
3078:Spain
2503:Macau
2480:Japan
1761:Chile
1738:Qatar
1324:Malta
1255:Italy
1174:Spain
668:Japan
599:Macau
479:Both
164:/pisa
160:.oecd
98:World
22011:OECD
21455:Asia
21338:2015
21333:2010
21328:2005
21323:2000
21318:1989
21313:1939
21308:1900
21303:1800
21298:1700
21293:1600
21288:1500
21283:1000
21143:Asia
21038:PISA
21008:ISBN
20977:2019
20955:2019
20929:2019
20903:2019
20804:PMID
20689:2017
20656:2013
20596:2013
20464:2024
20438:2018
20324:2020
20298:2020
20287:ISSN
20264:2020
20239:2020
20213:2020
20187:2014
20148:2014
20077:2012
20050:2012
20004:2013
19996:OECD
19974:2012
19959:OECD
19931:ACER
19911:OECD
19884:2013
19877:NCES
19849:ISSN
19808:ISBN
19779:2024
19754:2024
19601:2019
19531:2017
19520:ISSN
19494:2019
19468:2017
19457:ISSN
19350:ISSN
19249:ISSN
19210:ISSN
19168:ISSN
19119:2019
19084:2023
19072:OECD
19048:ISBN
19029:2018
18924:and
18877:455
18874:456
18868:462
18865:438
18862:440
18851:445
18848:430
18842:441
18839:443
18836:443
18833:448
18825:449
18822:453
18816:466
18813:478
18810:478
18807:481
18796:515
18790:502
18787:517
18784:498
18781:501
18773:504
18770:495
18764:500
18761:498
18758:497
18755:505
18747:538
18744:525
18738:525
18735:519
18732:526
18729:531
18721:546
18718:513
18712:541
18709:550
18706:527
18703:556
18637:409
18634:435
18631:439
18628:433
18625:440
18617:453
18614:465
18611:439
18608:462
18597:439
18594:464
18591:462
18588:470
18585:478
18577:501
18574:503
18571:511
18568:503
18565:502
18557:489
18554:502
18551:497
18548:496
18545:502
18537:523
18534:532
18531:528
18528:531
18525:529
18517:499
18514:536
18511:546
18508:525
18505:551
18451:417
18448:404
18445:423
18442:421
18439:419
18436:419
18428:446
18425:446
18422:460
18419:436
18416:423
18405:443
18402:436
18399:453
18396:455
18393:446
18390:452
18382:502
18379:482
18376:487
18373:492
18370:475
18367:474
18359:483
18356:474
18353:487
18350:481
18347:470
18344:478
18336:512
18333:502
18330:515
18327:506
18324:499
18321:503
18313:506
18310:494
18307:524
18304:549
18301:498
18298:539
18229:410
18209:497
18194:500
18174:527
18148:403
18128:496
18113:502
18093:529
18067:378
18047:470
18032:471
18012:500
17966:492
17946:498
17931:521
17911:527
17885:485
17865:497
17850:521
17830:527
17804:467
17784:481
17769:506
17749:514
17636:and
17479:and
17217:508
17211:487
17182:434
17176:413
17170:426
17164:411
17158:437
17135:504
17129:495
17117:500
17111:498
17105:497
17082:523
17076:507
17070:495
17064:494
17058:499
17052:498
17005:442
16999:434
16970:441
16964:447
16958:464
16952:475
16946:428
16917:375
16911:380
16905:404
16899:404
16893:361
16852:416
16840:427
16817:431
16811:420
16805:417
16799:421
16793:441
16787:409
16764:494
16758:499
16752:499
16746:501
16740:509
16734:492
16711:516
16705:514
16699:507
16693:497
16687:483
16681:500
16658:493
16652:481
16646:461
16640:481
16634:488
16628:496
16593:494
16587:483
16581:481
16575:505
16546:469
16540:466
16534:477
16528:463
16522:453
16481:526
16475:542
16469:535
16446:462
16440:442
16434:440
16428:459
16422:475
16416:495
16393:428
16381:396
16375:424
16369:438
16363:434
16328:312
16322:372
16316:388
16310:402
16287:470
16281:478
16275:472
16269:489
16263:488
16257:498
16234:479
16228:497
16222:508
16216:500
16210:518
16204:506
16181:327
16163:370
16157:384
16151:398
16146:Peru
16128:505
16122:500
16116:484
16110:503
16104:504
16098:513
16075:529
16069:522
16063:521
16057:521
16051:512
16045:509
16016:513
16010:507
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