42:
1452:. According to Aristotle, categories are logical classification of predicates; Kant states that categories are only patterns of understanding, while Hegel’s categories are dynamic stages in the development of thought. The Vaiśeṣika categories are a metaphysical classification of all knowable objects.
1490:
The Vaiśeṣikas instead place the concepts of time and place under substance; relation under quality; inherence, quantity and property under quality. Passivity is considered the opposite of activity. Akṣapāda
Gautama enumerates sixteen
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1233:(activity), transient and dynamic, i.e., upward movement, downward movement, contraction, expansion, and locomotion
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Almost all of India's philosophical systems accept liberation as life's ultimate goal; it is the
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school, all things that exist, which can be conceptualized, and that can be named are
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1148:. Each philosophy prescribes the means to that end independently. According to
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1297:, includes the six (or seven) categories of the Vaiśeṣika school. They are:
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1911:
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1152:, liberation can be attained by true knowledge of the categories or
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are of six types, while non-existence was added later. These are:
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Later Vaiśeṣikas such as Śrīdhara, Udayana and Śivāditya added
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1543:, Jonardon Ganeri (2014), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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1225:(quality), the substrate of substance, devoid of action
41:
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1241:(generality), the classicism of the substances i.e.
1677:
Padārtha in the
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1587:. Delhi: Gian Publishing House. pp. 345–347.
2923:
1585:Conception of matter according to Nyayavaisesika
1534:
1134:indicates "the meaning or referent of words".
1697:
1622:
1620:
1546:
1137:
1056:
1556:Materials for the Study of Navya-nyāya Logic
1600:"Analytic Philosophy in Early Modern India"
1185:or objects of experience can be divided as
1128:, "meaning" or "referent", and so the term
18:Ontological categories in Indian philosophy
1704:
1690:
1628:"Padartha, aka: Padārtha; 7 Definition(s)"
1617:
1063:
1049:
1672:Category in the Encyclopædia Britannica
1559:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 37–39.
2924:
1582:
1507:Vaisheshika#The Categories or Padārtha
1711:
1685:
1430:
1285:Nyāya metaphysics recognizes sixteen
1553:Daniel Henry Holmes Ingalls (1951).
1512:Nyaya#Sixteen categories (padārthas)
1652:
1604:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1455:Aristotle accepts ten categories:
13:
1597:
14:
2948:
1665:
40:
1291:s, the second of which, called
2044:Progressive utilization theory
1655:The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1646:
1591:
1172:
1:
1527:
1314:(objects of valid knowledge),
1210:(substance) an entity having
1164:, the objects of experience.
2932:Hindu philosophical concepts
1101:
7:
1657:. Vol. II. p. 46.
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1306:(valid means of knowledge),
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10:
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1418:(sophisticated refutation)
1138:Philosophical significance
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620:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
264:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
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1936:
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1775:
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1362:(hypothetical reasoning),
1086:word for "categories" in
1037:Other Indian philosophies
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765:
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733:
2937:Philosophical categories
2231:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1440:s are distinct from the
1280:
1167:
681:Kamalakanta Bhattacharya
2161:Samkhyapravachana Sutra
1442:categories of Aristotle
1354:(members of syllogism),
666:Nigamananda Paramahansa
1897:Early Buddhist schools
1583:Mishra, Umesh (1987).
1517:Categories_(Aristotle)
308:Shakti Vishishtadvaita
555:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
535:Achintya Bheda Abheda
243:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
236:Achintya Bheda Abheda
2335:Brihadratha Ikshvaku
2172:Sarvadarsanasangraha
1949:Acintya bheda abheda
880:Principal Upanishads
545:Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
2395:Dayananda Saraswati
1969:Nimbarka Sampradaya
1893:Buddhist philosophy
1156:. According to the
388:Raghunatha Siromani
2006:Pashupata Shaivism
1836:Pashupata Shaivism
1598:Ganeri, Jonardon.
1431:Western philosophy
2919:
2918:
2771:Pratītyasamutpāda
1932:
1931:
1713:Indian philosophy
1566:978-81-208-0384-8
1426:(point of defeat)
1277:, non-existence.
1096:Indian philosophy
1073:
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163:
162:
107:
106:
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2425:Satyakama Jabala
2360:Akshapada Gotama
2310:Gārgī Vāchaknavī
2290:Vāchaspati Misra
2148:Nyayakusumanjali
2082:Bhagavata Purana
2039:Radical Humanism
2011:Shaiva Siddhanta
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904:Agama (Hinduism)
892:Other scriptures
885:Minor Upanishads
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600:Ekasarana Dharma
444:Vāchaspati Misra
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280:Shaiva Siddhanta
257:Ekasarana Dharma
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34:Hindu philosophy
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2385:Ramana Maharshi
2270:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
2248:
2214:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
2188:Tattvacintāmaṇi
2061:Abhinavabharati
2048:
2017:
1991:Sikh Philosophy
1979:Vishishtadvaita
1928:
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1653:Edwards, Paul.
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315:Shiva Bhedabeda
215:Vishishtadvaita
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1666:External links
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1634:. 21 July 2013
1632:Wisdom library
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2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2746:Parinama-vada
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Padmasambhāva
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2275:Maṇḍana Miśra
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:Abhinavagupta
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2238:Yoga Vasistha
2235:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2131:All 108 texts
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2101:Dharmashastra
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2075:Bhagavad Gita
2072:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:Integral yoga
2027:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:Shuddhadvaita
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1656:
1649:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1424:
1423:Nigrahasthāna
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1378:(discussion),
1376:
1372:
1370:(settlement),
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1346:(conclusion),
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1278:
1275:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1177:According to
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1122:, "word" and
1120:
1115:
1110:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:Shiva Samhita
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
965:
962:
961:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
932:Brahma Sutras
930:
929:
926:
925:
924:
920:
915:
914:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
899:Bhagavad Gita
897:
896:
893:
890:
889:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
869:
868:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
838:
837:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
819:
818:
811:
810:
795:
792:
791:
790:
788:
784:
779:
778:Prashastapada
775:
772:
771:
770:
768:
764:
759:
756:
755:
754:
752:
748:
743:
740:
739:
738:
736:
732:
729:
728:
724:
723:
717:
716:Radhakrishnan
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
701:
700:
697:
694:
693:
687:
686:Anandamayi Ma
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
671:Ramprasad Sen
669:
667:
664:
662:
661:Abhinavagupta
659:
658:
656:
655:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
638:
637:
631:
628:
627:
625:
624:
621:
618:
617:
611:
608:
607:
605:
604:
601:
598:
597:
591:
588:
587:
585:
584:
581:
578:
577:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
560:
559:
556:
553:
552:
546:
543:
542:
540:
539:
536:
533:
532:
526:
523:
522:
520:
519:
516:
515:Shuddhadvaita
513:
512:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
490:
489:
485:
482:
481:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
464:
463:
460:
457:
456:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
434:
433:
429:
426:
425:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
403:
402:
399:
396:
395:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
373:
372:
369:
366:
365:
358:
354:
348:
347:
340:
339:
338:Integral yoga
335:
334:
331:
328:
327:
324:
323:
322:Shiva Advaita
319:
317:
316:
312:
310:
309:
305:
303:
302:
298:
296:
295:
291:
289:
288:
284:
282:
281:
277:
276:
273:
270:
269:
266:
265:
261:
259:
258:
254:
252:
251:
247:
245:
244:
240:
238:
237:
233:
231:
230:
229:Shuddhadvaita
226:
224:
223:
219:
217:
216:
212:
210:
209:
205:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:
187:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
173:
167:
166:
157:
156:
152:
150:
149:
145:
143:
142:
138:
136:
135:
131:
129:
128:
124:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
110:
101:
100:
96:
94:
93:
89:
87:
86:
82:
80:
79:
75:
73:
72:
68:
66:
65:
61:
60:
59:
58:
55:
54:
51:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
16:
2846:Iccha-mrityu
2811:Satkaryavada
2725:
2711:Nididhyasana
2696:Matsya Nyaya
2430:Madhvacharya
2260:Adi Shankara
2253:Philosophers
2236:
2229:
2212:
2193:
2186:
2177:Shiva Sutras
2167:Sangam texts
2159:
2152:
2143:Nyāya Sūtras
2123:
2116:
2099:
2089:Brahma Sutra
2088:
2080:
2073:
2068:Arthashastra
2066:
2059:
2001:Pratyabhijna
1881:Anekantavada
1654:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1631:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:
1593:
1584:
1555:
1548:
1536:
1489:
1454:
1434:
1410:(quibbling),
1394:(cavilling),
1386:(wrangling),
1284:
1270:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1215:
1211:
1198:
1182:
1176:
1161:
1153:
1145:summum bonum
1143:
1141:
1105:
1075:
1074:
1008:
981:Arthashastra
976:Dharmaśāstra
947:Nyāya Sūtras
917:
916:
891:
870:
839:
815:
630:Swaminarayan
495:Madhvacharya
486:(Tattvavada)
449:Adi Shankara
352:
336:
320:
313:
306:
299:
292:
287:Pratyabhijna
285:
278:
262:
255:
248:
241:
234:
227:
220:
213:
206:
188:
171:
153:
146:
139:
132:
125:
97:
90:
83:
76:
69:
62:
15:
2891:Vivartavada
2781:Rājamaṇḍala
2736:Paramananda
2536:Apauruṣheyā
2531:Anupalabdhi
2390:Vivekananda
2355:Dharmakirti
2315:Buddhaghosa
2305:Yājñavalkya
2112:Jain Agamas
2107:Hindu texts
1986:Navya-Nyāya
1922:Svatantrika
1917:Sautrāntika
1806:Vaisheshika
1267:(inherence)
1179:Vaisheshika
1173:Vaisheshika
1158:Vaisheshika
1114:portmanteau
1094:schools of
1088:Vaisheshika
957:Yoga Sutras
909:Vachanamrut
864:Atharvaveda
817:Major texts
767:Vaisheshika
706:Vivekananda
696:Neo-Vedanta
590:Chakradhara
580:Mahanubhava
505:Vyasatirtha
330:Neo-Vedanta
301:Pramanavada
294:Panchartika
250:Mahanubhava
198:Vaishnavite
172:Sub-schools
85:Vaisheshika
2926:Categories
2841:Svātantrya
2731:Paramatman
2686:Kshetrajna
2661:Ishvaratva
2601:Cittabhumi
2596:Chidabhasa
2546:Asiddhatva
2466:Abhasavada
2440:Guru Nanak
2375:Vasubandhu
2201:Upanishads
2195:Tirukkuṟaḷ
2154:Panchadasi
1959:Bhedabheda
1907:Madhyamaka
1747:Monotheism
1528:References
1402:(fallacy),
1399:Hetvābhāsa
1338:(example),
986:Kama Sutra
872:Upanishads
500:Jayatirtha
430:(Mayavada)
418:Prabhākara
208:Bhedabheda
2701:Mithyatva
2591:Chaitanya
2586:Catuṣkoṭi
2551:Asatkalpa
2526:Anavastha
2501:Aishvarya
2420:Sakayanya
2415:Sadananda
2380:Gaudapada
2365:Nagarjuna
2320:Patañjali
2136:Principal
2118:Kamasutra
1912:Yogachara
1831:Raseśvara
1486:Passivity
1459:Substance
1343:Siddhānta
1327:Prayojana
1162:padārthas
1154:padārthas
1106:The term
1102:Etymology
996:Tirumurai
854:Yajurveda
758:Patanjali
711:Aurobindo
676:Bamakhepa
610:Sankardev
439:Gaudapada
113:Heterodox
2866:Tanmatra
2861:Tajjalan
2851:Syādvāda
2751:Pradhana
2726:Padārtha
2691:Lakshana
2636:Ekagrata
2481:Adrishta
2476:Adarsana
2454:Concepts
2435:Mahavira
2400:Ramanuja
2350:Chanakya
2285:Avatsara
2280:Valluvar
2220:Vedangas
2034:Gandhism
1937:Medieval
1886:Syādvāda
1871:Charvaka
1843:Pāṇiniya
1737:Idealism
1638:19 March
1609:19 March
1541:Padārtha
1501:See also
1494:padārtha
1483:Activity
1480:Property
1468:Relation
1465:Quantity
1437:Padārtha
1335:Dṛṣṭānta
1322:(doubt),
1288:padārtha
1264:Samavāya
1250:parapara
1183:padārtha
1131:padārtha
1109:padārtha
1084:Sanskrit
1078:Padārtha
1032:Hinduism
919:Shastras
859:Samaveda
794:Valluvar
565:Nimbarka
525:Vallabha
469:Ramanuja
357:Acharyas
353:Teachers
272:Shaivite
180:Smartist
141:Buddhism
127:Charvaka
50:Orthodox
26:a series
24:Part of
2911:More...
2881:Upekkhā
2876:Uparati
2856:Taijasa
2831:Śūnyatā
2801:Saṃsāra
2796:Samadhi
2761:Prakṛti
2716:Nirvāṇa
2666:Jivatva
2656:Ikshana
2611:Devatas
2581:Bhumika
2571:Brahman
2561:Avyakta
2506:Akrodha
2486:Advaita
2445:More...
2340:Jaimini
2244:More...
1954:Advaita
1944:Vedanta
1902:Śūnyatā
1861:Ājīvika
1853:Nāstika
1821:Vedanta
1816:Mīmāṃsā
1796:Samkhya
1776:Ancient
1732:Atomism
1727:Atheism
1477:Posture
1462:Quality
1391:Vitaṇḍā
1367:Nirṇaya
1351:Avayava
1319:Saṃśaya
1311:Prameya
1303:Pramāṇa
1294:prameya
1238:Sāmānya
971:Puranas
849:Rigveda
787:Secular
735:Samkhya
428:Advaita
408:Jaimini
398:Mīmāṃsā
190:Advaita
148:Jainism
134:Ājīvika
99:Vedanta
92:Mīmāṃsā
64:Samkhya
2886:Utsaha
2836:Sutram
2826:Sthiti
2821:Sphoṭa
2791:Sakshi
2776:Puruṣa
2756:Prajna
2721:Niyama
2681:Kasaya
2626:Dravya
2616:Dharma
2576:Bhuman
2566:Bhrama
2521:Ananta
2516:Anatta
2511:Aksara
2496:Ahimsa
2471:Abheda
2461:Abhava
2410:Raikva
2330:Kapila
2325:Kanada
2022:Modern
1996:Shaiva
1964:Dvaita
1866:Ajñana
1826:Shaiva
1784:Āstika
1767:Moksha
1720:Topics
1563:
1522:Kanada
1448:, and
1330:(aim),
1274:abhāva
1256:Viśeṣa
1247:apara,
1207:Dravya
1197:. The
1194:abhāva
923:Sutras
832:Smriti
774:Kaṇāda
742:Kapila
725:Others
648:Shakta
643:Tantra
484:Dvaita
222:Dvaita
155:Ajñana
2901:Yamas
2896:Viraj
2871:Tyāga
2806:Satya
2706:Mokṣa
2676:Karma
2631:Dhrti
2556:Ātman
2541:Artha
2345:Vyasa
2225:Vedas
2206:Minor
2053:Texts
1801:Nyaya
1792:Hindu
1762:Artha
1742:Logic
1471:Place
1450:Hegel
1407:Chala
1383:Jalpa
1359:Tarka
1281:Nyaya
1230:Karma
1216:karma
1188:bhāva
1168:Types
1125:artha
1112:is a
1092:Nyaya
1082:is a
1018:Kural
841:Vedas
827:Śruti
368:Nyaya
78:Nyaya
2906:Yoga
2671:Kama
2651:Idam
2646:Hitā
2641:Guṇa
2606:Dāna
2491:Aham
1895:and
1876:Jain
1811:Yoga
1757:Kama
1640:2018
1611:2018
1561:ISBN
1474:Time
1446:Kant
1415:Jāti
1375:Vāda
1243:papa
1222:Guṇa
1214:and
1212:guna
1191:and
1119:pada
1090:and
921:and
751:Yoga
71:Yoga
2786:Ṛta
2621:Dhi
1497:s.
1116:of
2928::
1794::
1630:.
1619:^
1602:.
1575:^
1444:,
1245:,
1181:,
1098:.
776:,
28:on
1705:e
1698:t
1691:v
1642:.
1613:.
1569:.
1064:e
1057:t
1050:v
359:)
355:(
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