Palatinate Forest - Knowledge

1143: 1546:) was founded as a support organization. The members of the association are those counties and independent towns whose territories are covered by the nature park as well as the Palatinate regional association, various rambling and sports clubs and environmental organizations. Many social organisations are involved in the work of the nature park, ensuring the independence of academic and regional individual interests. The association's goal is to develop the nature park and its eponymous biosphere reserve equally and to maintain its uniqueness and beauty as well as its national recreational value. Since 1997, the head office of the association has been in 235: 4035: 1573: 4547: 155: 2079: 1392: 703: 557: 633: 5289: 645: 1832: 3399: 1492: 807: 743: 1725: 689: 1306: 504: 4116: 72: 729: 5164: 1886: 614: 7265: 2276: 5014: 3746: 3219: 541: 4409: 6510: 4956: 4737: 4242: 1981: 1072: 421: 4790: 5584: 5570: 2050: 1818:(2.8 to 0.01 million years ago) erosion processes once more dominated. In particular, it was the weathering and removal processes that occurred during the various cold and warm periods that determined the final topographical shape of the Palatinate Forest. Characteristic of this is a system of deeply incised valleys, especially in the north and centre, diverse mountain shapes and bizarre rock formations. 598: 4531: 5442: 5153: 522: 5367: 5425:) have developed almost identical waymarking systems since their foundation over 100 years (e. g. dots, bars, crosses and diamonds of different colours) and in the border region have developed a dense common network of footpaths. In doing so, both clubs have been careful to ensure that, where possible, the routes do not follow "forest motorways" but use narrow footpaths and mountain paths. 4023:, where, as well as the plateaus of the central Palatinate Forest, it prefers sunnier slopes (west to south-east facing slopes). But in the rest of Palatinate Forest, it is on the increase and usually forms, together with beech, often very natural, primeval, mixed forest (natural forest), which enjoys special protection as a core zone of the Palatine Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve (see 3286: 2151: 5514:. On the Kirschfelsen ("Cherry Rock", near Annweiler Forsthaus) seating has been installed from which the visitor can enjoy a "natural opera" as if in an open-air theatre. The Buhlsteine rocks near Busenberg have an alpine feel, as does the Hühnerstein near Hauenstein, which has been made accessible with ladders and railings and may be climbed with appropriate care. 5082:) or POLLICHIA Museum in Bad Dürkheim, has various permanent exhibitions and collections on the subjects of geology, flora and fauna of the Palatinate (e. g. animals of the forest, local mushrooms, minerals etc.) and other special conservation themes, with ecological considerations as a priority. In this connexion the visitor is also introduced to the 5101:, because of its broader scope, does not cover the region of today's Palatinate Forest as a separate exhibition topic; nevertheless the specific Palatine focus of the museum means almost inevitably that there are historical links through which the political and socio-historic changes of the mountain region are illustrated time and again. Examples are the 5981: 3827:, in which coniferous trees formed around two-thirds of the total stock in areas that had historically comprised mainly oak and beech. Not until recent decades were there increasing attempts to turn larger areas of the forest into near-natural mixed woodland with a better ratio of deciduous to coniferous trees of around 50% (see adjacent table). 2099:, 661.8 m) whilst, in the western part of the range, plateau-like hill formations with clearings predominate. In the southeastern Palatinate Forest, by contrast, the sediments of the Rotliegendes and Zechstein (erosion surfaces), and especially resistant Trifels and Rehberg beds (conical hills) influence the appearance of the countryside. 5128:. In April 2008, an interactive museum was founded in the building of the old Rheinberger shoe factory. Under the theme of "movement", 150 interactive experimental stations demonstrate fundamental physical, mathematical and biological laws. The museum is particularly aimed at younger visitors to help make them aware of scientific principles. 1596:. It thus became the 12th of (as at 2009) 15 German biosphere reserves. These are areas that have a special significance for the global conservation of biological diversity and in which the ecological aspects, sustainable economic management, environmental education and environmental research are best linked together. 1637:) also covered in the law are intended to ensure a "recreation in the stillness", but are not part of the UNESCO guidelines for biosphere reserves. The concept originates rather from the old protected area regulation for the Palatinate Forest Nature Park (1984) and therefore overlaps with the other three zones. 1509:, the Palatinate Forest was to be a place of recreation and exercise for the stressed office workers of the cities in the Rhine valley which were then suffering badly from air pollution. The nature park expansion programme envisaged 95 car parks, 13 camp sites, seven observation towers and five open-air pools. 2038:

Weathering and erosion of the different rock strata of the Palatine Forest with their variable hardness have resulted in a low mountain landscape with a dense, deeply incised system of valleys and wide variety of hill shapes. The hard and resistant rocks of the Lower and Middle Bunter have produced a

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also plays a special role in this context. Although, it only covers about 1 percent in the Palatinate Forest as a whole, it is much more common in the south where it comprises some 7 percent of the woodland. It occurs in many stands alongside beech, pine and other species in mixed woodland and often

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This ecological balance was permanently destroyed, however, by the colonization and clearing of woodland that took place during the Middle Ages. Clearance by burning, the use of land for the production of straw and the unrestricted exploitation of the forest for raw materials and fuel led, little by

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in Hauenstein documents the manufacture of shoes, in earlier times a very common activity in the Pirmasens area, and set it within the larger industrial and socio-historical context. In the building of a former shoe factory, old shoe-making machinery and other manufacturing technology may be viewed

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on the Brechenberg near Eppenbrunn in the southwestern corner of the Palatine Forest near the Franco-German border. This is a roughly two kilometre long rock terrace, the largest of its kind in the forest and on which there is clear evidence of the erosion and weathering processes typical of bunter

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pressingly urgent – management that not only put a priority on controlled exploitation, but above all on care and sustainability. So in the 18th and 19th centuries, cleared land was reforested, mainly with undemanding, rapid-growing pines, which were followed in the 19th century by other non-native

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In fact, 62 woodland car parks were created in the first seven years as well as 530 benches and as many waste bins. A total of 370 km of walking routes were added or created and 45 signed circular walks laid out. The management of the nature park took over the Palatinate Forest Club (PWV). The

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or PWV) was founded, Fritz Claus, one of the pioneers of the PWV, in particular, strove to promote the name. A more precise, scientifically based definition of the Palatinate Forest as an independent natural region was introduced in 1911 by Daniel Häberle, a Palatine geographer and local historian.

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continues to be a dominant species of the low mountain range. This is due to the historical background, especially in the Haardt area, where they once heavily dominated the scene with 60 to 70 percent share of the forest. It is traditionally planted on dry, sunny, south-facing slopes. Like oak and

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A typical feature of the Palatinate Forest is its abundance of water, that has led to a highly developed system of streams, rivers and wetlands (see below). The sandy soils caused by erosion are very very permeable to water, so that rainwater quickly seeps into the ground and is then stored in the

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Whereas the Palatinate Forest was earlier seen mainly as a source of raw materials and energy supply, today, in addition to its recreation and leisure function, its ecological importance as a "special protected landscape" has come to the forefront. This change in attitude found visible expression,

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Whilst there are traces of human activities in the more habitable regions of what is now the Palatinate, taking place since the Neolithic period (5,500-4,500 BC), and especially in Celtic (800 to 10 BC) and Roman (10 BC to 450 AD) times, the mountains on the west bank of the Rhine were practically

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The mountain range is criss-crossed by a dense network of signed trails, over 12,000 kilometres in overall length, most of which were established by volunteers of the Palatine Forest Club, who continue to maintain them. These include several important international and national long-distance

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By contrast, spruce, Douglas fir, larch, and Weymouth pine are not native to the forested mountain range. Spruce prefer cool, shady locations and are therefore often found in valleys, hollows and on the lower slopes of hills, while the Douglas fir is found in widely differing locations due to its

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The biosphere reserve has three information centres with different emphases, in which the visitor can learn about the geology, climate, fauna and flora, history and culture of the bunter sandstone mountains with the aid of exhibitions as well as events of all kinds. Ecological considerations are

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In 2007, the state of Rhineland–Palatinate issued an ordinance by which the UNESCO guidelines for the design of biosphere reserves would be implemented specifically for the Palatinate Forest Nature Park. This laid down a zoning scheme as its main focus, which envisaged three zones with different

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Prior to 1850, there was no overall name for the Palatine's bunter sandstone mountains Historical territorial factors, rather than geographical ones, governed perceptions at the time. By contrast, the Celts and Romans viewed the entire mountain range west of the Rhine as a single unit, making no

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being German for "coloured") – and, depending on the type and binding of the material, (clay-bound sandstone as opposed to silicified quartz sandstone) to the formation of rock layers of different hardness. This resulted in the subgroups of lower, middle and upper bunter sandstone. These bunter

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Rhineland-Palatinate State Survey Department, 1:25,000 topographic map series with footpaths, and 1:50,000 topographic map series with footpaths and cycle paths between the Rhine and Palatine Forest – official walking and cycling maps by the Palatine Forest Club showing all footpaths and cycle

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range), it is widely distributed on the acidic environment of the bunter sandstone soils and prefers shady slopes, high elevations and hollows. Often it forms varied mixed stands of trees together with softwoods, especially pine, but it is also found as stands in its own right (in so-called

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In the mid-1960s, the PWV came to the conclusion that the work required could not be done by volunteers and handed the management of the nature park to the Palatinate provincial government. By 1974, 3.7 million euros had been spent on improving recreational opportunities.

5473:, the Rehberg and its tower near Annweiler and the Stäffelsberg Tower near Dörrenbach. The summit pyramid of the Rehberg is especially well known for its panoramic views (see the image in the section above). Representative of the central Palatine Forest are the tower on the 5143:

above Leinsweiler. A particularly good overview of the rocks and rock castles of Palatine and Alsace Wasgau is conveyed by the "impressions" of artist, Emil Knöringer, who seeks to emphasise the richness of the red sandstone landscapes through the medium of art.

3387:, which only have tributaries within a small area. The majority of small streams that drain the Forest directly into the Rhine Plain flow over extensive ditch systems to the nearest river to the north. For example, the Speyerbach picks up the waters of the 1912:, so that they weather into sandy soils, poor in nutrients that are scarcely used for agricultural purposes. In all there are three subdivisions – the Trifels, Rehberg and Schlossberg beds – in which several rock zones of differing thickness are combined. 4521:

Although the Palatinate Forest is still sparsely populated and has many unspoilt regions, it still has a rich, regional, historical and cultural heritage, that is reflected in a great number of sights of which only a small selection can be covered here.

1050:), there has been an increasing trend to regard the entire mountain complex as a single geographical entity again. Evidence of this changed attitude can be seen, for example, in the establishment in 1998 of the first cross-border biosphere reserve, the 1691:, i.e. from the Lower to the beginning of the Middle Triassic, there was (about 251–243 million years ago) a desert-like climate, so that as a result of further depositions of sand, rock layers of up to 500 metres thickness were formed. This led 358:

To the west of the Großer Hausberg, the Westrich Plateau separates from the Palatinate Forest at the sharp southern boundary of the Landstuhler Bruch in a comparatively smooth transition. It reaches comparable heights in the transition area, but as a

2049: 1046:("Palatinate Forest") became increasingly used to refer to the Palatine part. This led to the Palatinate Forest and Vosges being defined as separate and distinct landscapes. However, in recent decades, in the context of European integration (the 5193:), which has been worked by historic steam trains since 1984 and operates services from March to October at weekends between Neustadt and Elmstein. In addition, there is a good overview of nearly 150 years of Palatine railway history at the 5058:), in which the visitor can learn, in ways similar to those at the German centres, about the natural world of the Vosges sandstone mountains; in addition, there is also an emphasis on the social and cultural aspects of the region. 1758:

and crust. At the apex of the arch so formed, there were considerable tensile stresses, so that the rock layers were stretched and about 35 million years ago, deep cracks and depressions in the Earth's crust occurred (passive

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Core, buffer and transition zones are representatively distributed over the area of the biosphere reserve. As part of this, some 16 core zones were defined, together covering about 2.3 percent of the area. The source region of the

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not only informs visitors about the multi-faceted, detail of the history, architecture and life in a medieval castle, but also gives a comprehensive overview of the other rock castles in the present-day border region with France.

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Since the beginning of the last century, the Palatine Forest has developed into a very popular walking region, thanks to its natural landscape attractions, its cultural heritage and good infrastructure, primarily created by the

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In the bunter sandstone mountains a wide variety of hill shapes may be observed, depending on the various rock strata of which they are composed. Typical of the northern and central Palatinate Forest are prominent hill "blocks"

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Thanks to the sparse population of the forest and the filter action of bunter sandstone, many springs and streams in the hills have retained their natural water quality, so that they remain healthy habitats for many species of

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Only a small selection can be mentioned here of the many museums with a direct link to the Palatine Forest that may be found in the Palatinate alone (see detailed coverage by the Rhineland-Palatinate Museum Association,

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visitors can join a guided tour of important mining activities and so witness the extremely tough working conditions of past centuries. This insight may then be enhanced in the Information Centre of the visitor mine.

2287:). Here larger erosion surfaces and rather isolated hillforms (conical hills), which on average reach heights of 450 metres, characterize the landscape. The highest points on the German side of the Wasgau are the 156: 363:

plateau it has a significantly different relief and is no longer fully forested. It not only stretches around the western edge of the Palatinate Forest, but also further south around the Vosges. From the area of

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near Hermersbergerhof, which offers the most extensive panoramic view of the Palatine Forest by far. According to precise geometric research by Lang over 350 hill and mountain tops may be seen from this point.

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is the centre point of the Palatine Forest and used to be a spa. The 200‑ to 300‑year‑old oak and beech mixed woods, which surround the little hamlet and give it an autochthonous character, are renowned (see

1193:(1148), the colonization and development of the mountains. Areas that could be used for agriculture were cleared and settled permanently. This development reached its peak in the region during the era of the 4942:, certain rock terraces may also be reached on foot (e. g. the Buhlsteine, Heidenpfeiler and Rötzenstein) or with the aid of ladders provided care is taken (e. g. the Hühnerstein near Hauenstein). 3277:. Since the sandstone is very low in minerals and the groundwater, therefore, only has only low levels of dissolved contents, the water is in the low hardness range ("soft") and is slightly acidic (low pH). 1682:

geological period (about 296–251 million years ago) the first sandstone formations, some 100 metres thick, were deposited in the area of today's Palatinate Forest; in particular, the rock units of the

1281:, which needed a lot of wood, led for centuries to the overuse and destruction of the forest and thus to the further impoverishment of the population. Occupations that the forest itself supported, such as 286:. This landscape forms, in turn, the eastern part of the very extensive eastern scarplands of France, which, on German soil, take in large parts of the Palatinate and the Saarland, with older (e.g. on the 3793:

mixed woods, typical of the current period, emerged, the pines being forced back into those areas that were either less favourable, very wet or very dry places, but remained part of the natural woodland.

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may often be seen in the sands of the bunter sandstone (Rehberg beds). Their larvae build funnel traps in the sand and feed on ants and other animals that fall into it using their pincer-like mandibles.

4817:). They have long been managed sustainably, following sustainability principles and are especially well known for their valuable stands of furniture-quality oak. It is therefore not surprising that the 187: 137: 2205:

rather resembles a plateau bounded by deeply incised valleys. This plateau also runs towards the west at a height of about 500 m before descending gradually to 400 m. It is bisected by the

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Securely protected sites for conserving biological diversity where there is a "least possible influence on the course of natural processes", i.e. complete protection of typical ecosystems is ensured.

1351:). This development, however, meant that the resources of the mountains were rapidly exhausted and over-population and poverty, in particular in the 19th century, led to increased emigration to the 3983:

The beech is not only the most abundant tree species in the Palatinate Forest historically, but also today, with a current share of 35 percent. With the exception of the eastern mountain edge (the

3269:"). This groundwater feeds into various rock zones, especially in the Trifels beds of the Lower Bunter and in a rock zone of the Karlstal beds (Middle Bunter). Beds of clay-bonded sandstone form 2043:

characterize the landscape, especially in the north and east, whilst the southeastern part of the Palatinate Forest is dominated by rather isolated types of hill separated by erosion surfaces.

768: 5393:) long-distance path (waymark: red cross). These main walking routes are complemented by a multitude of regional footpaths of varying length (both linear and circular trails), which include 5113:), the wine museum with its cultural history of wine and the family-friendly, hands-on exhibition of Drachenfels Castle, in which life on a medieval rock fortress in Wasgau can be relived. 3992:-beech woods), particularly in the central Palatinate Forest. Here it grows in large "beech cathedrals", which are seen by many visitors as an impressive feature of the Palatinate Forest. 3737:

Woodland is the dominant landscape element of the Palatine Forest as its name suggests, making up 82 percent of its total area and as much as 90 percent in the central region.

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religious refugees from Switzerland, France and the Netherlands. From then to the end of the 18th century, the population expanded as a result of the better design of farms (such as the

2342: 5054:(German: Lützelstein) in a castle-like building, which was built on the ruins of Luetzelstein Castle, is the administrative centre of the regional nature park of North Vosges (French: 803:

The most important subordinate landscapes are listed with the aid of a map; the map only showing the names of well-known landscapes and only the more significant landscape boundaries.

3230:, with narrow floors and steep sides, cutting deeply into the bedrock. They are the typical valley forms in the central Palatinate Forest, whilst in the southern and northern parts, 1441:

of the last few decades have caused further structural problems, especially affecting remote communities in sparsely populated areas through population decline, aging and migration.

1375:) brought some improvement in the situation, because it became possible to commute to towns outside the Palatinate Forest and seek employment in one of the emerging industries (e.g. 306:

While the boundaries of the Palatinate Forest are comparatively clearly defined to the north and east, the transition to neighbouring landscapes to the west and south is less sharp.

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form the bedrock of the Palatinate Forest today, but they are generally covered by younger rock formations, cropping out only in a few places on the eastern edge of the mountains.

325:. This results in a clear geomorphological separation of the two landscape areas, which runs approximately along a line from Eisenberg via Göllheim and Börrstadt to Otterberg near 6429: 4939: 785:

ridge. This often goes unrecognized as a result of the French border; hence the French southern part of the natural region is often, wrongly, counted as part of the North Vosges.

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runs up to the northwestern Palatinate Forest from west-southwest to east-northeast into which the Forest descends in a clear escarpment, especially into the boggy lowland of the

2897: 2577: 2653: 1874:) as well as in the southeast. The southern Palatinate sandstone formations of the Zechstein are divided into four strata having a total thickness of about 80 to 100 metres. 1505:

The Palatinate Forest Nature Park was created in 1958 as the third nature park in Germany. In accordance with the requirements of the originator of the nature park concept,

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By contrast local industries in the mountains became rarer or were closed, as can be seen in the example of the footwear industry. Since its heyday in the 1950s and 1960s,

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The Lower Bunter is the typical rock of the Palatine Forest and covers large areas of the low mountain range to a depth of 280 to 380 metres. The sandstones contain much

3682:. The reddish iron oxide was released by hot fluids that rose up through the fault zone between the Palatine Forest and the Rhine Graben, and so bleached the sandstone. 1422:(e.g. public transport), and, in many cases, the villagers now no longer worked locally, but in more distant regional centres, such as Ludwigshafen and Kaiserslautern. 2609: 5546:

near Vorderweidenthal, enable the variety of the Palatine bunter sandstone hills to be experienced. A 360° panorama of the German and French Wasgau is offered by the

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has seen the relocation of shoe production abroad, resulting in the almost total collapse of the industry, reinforced especially in the 1980s and 1990s by increasing

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continued, for a long time, to refer to the entire range on the west bank of the Rhine, at the beginning of the 20th century, it gradually became restricted to the

2933: 2600: 3643:(see map). It follows various ridges that are interconnected and separate the river system of the Schwarzbach from all the other drainage systems mentioned here. 2666: 7346: 6403: 6183: 5648: 5228: 4863:), which not only give visitors a good insight into the geology of the region, but also the surprising adaptability of sandstone rock vegetation, especially the 4095:

was not originally an indigenous tree species, but was naturalized by the Romans in the area of the present-day Palatinate. Since it prefers a mild climate (see

5631: 3716:. This was followed, during a second phase, by more magma rising to the surface in a less active and effusive (non-explosive) form, so that, in the pipe of the 1615:

The buffer zones are used for "ecologically sound farming practices" that conserve landscape character. They are intended to complement and link the core areas.

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The following river systems drain the Palatine Forest. They are listed in clockwise direction, beginning in the west (in brackets the overall catchment area):

1237:), as a result of wars and economic circumstances. Thus, during the colonization of the mountains, areas were often cleared that, because of the nutrient-poor 5212:

Interesting insights into the sorts of old trades and crafts that used to be found in the Palatinate Forest, are provided by several museums, including the

4444:, of which there are several species in the region. The Wasgau and the area of the Hermersberger Hof are two of the few places in Germany where colonies of 702: 6737: 3192: 2682: 2320: 6870: 6376: 4063:

in the French part of the biosphere reserve "relict" pine forests have survived, in which the character of the original pine forest can be vividly seen.

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Over the millennia, the weathering and erosion of the sandstone, with its varying degrees of hardness, have produced bizarre rock formations, e. g.

793: 5998: 5693: 5224:; this uses a variety of exhibits to illustrate the industrial and social development that has taken over the past few centuries in the Ramberg valley. 1015:

and is recorded in many Roman manuscripts as "silva vosegus" or "mons vosegus". It was from this linguistic root that, during the Middle Ages, the name

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The Annweiler Felsenland is, according to a proposal by Beeger and Geiger, separated from the Dahner Felsenland along the southern continuation of the

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The Palatinate Forest is drained by four great catchment systems and also by smaller catchments or individual streams. The four large systems are the

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to the north and German Wine Route to the east are other hills over 500 metres in height. The most prominent are Neustadt's northern local hill (

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Subdivision of the Palatinate Forest; physical and natural region landscape names and boundaries in red, surrounding major landscapes in other colours

5139:, paintings by Impressionist masters that reflect the rich colours of the southern Palatinate countryside, which may be experienced, for example, at 1186: 4625:, and is the only castle in the Palatinate that is still occupied. The castle has been rebuilt and is open to visitors. Of many other castles, like 3018: 7336: 7321: 7277: 6544: 5725: 5083: 1763:). At the same time the sides of the newly created lowlands were uplifted, in the case of the Palatinate Forest, to a height of about 1000 metres. 1593: 1559: 1474: 1051: 368:

in Lorraine, it also forms the watershed between the Moselle and the Upper Rhine; the southern part of the region being drained completely via the

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etc.). Cross-border hikes are also easily possible in the bunter sandstone hills, because the Palatine Forest Club and its French counterpart the

742: 321:). This is where the bunter sandstone formations typical of the Palatinate Forest end, being replaced by other types of rock such as those of the 5375: 5249: 4401:, which overwinter here and occupy the woods in large flocks. They used to be hunted with blowpipes at night during the so-called Böhämmer Hunt ( 3773:

were able to spread as the climate gradually warmed up (the "pine-birch" period). As climatic conditions improved these species were followed by

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Characteristic of the highly diverse landscape of the southern Palatinate Forest are over 200 rock formations of all shapes and sizes (see also

4083:, which are found mainly in valleys and wetlands, are also typical vegetation for the Atlantic-influenced climate of the Palatinate Forest (see 3092: 2272:(516.5 m) breaks through the 500 metre contour. In its continuation to the north its descends from 400 to 300 metres above sea level. 4833: 4154:, which prefer shady, temperate, wet locations. Another feature of the bunter sandstone mountains are its rich mushroom and berry communities. 2837: 1460:

to offer the native population additional work and income opportunities and to assist in counteracting the structural changes described above.

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together form the Upper Bunter with a thickness of about a hundred metres. Unlike the Lower and Middle Bunter beds, these strata contain more

5984:. Website of the Ministry for the Environment, Forestry and Consumer Protection of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate. Retrieved 17 June 2011. 3607:

in the west and reaches the northern Palatine Forest immediately west and south of the city of Kaiserslautern where it turns southeast. From

3155: 3101: 3002: 2345:. The important summits of the range are annotated with their corresponding landscape subdivision and arranged according to their height in 3785:(the "hazel and oak period"). From the 3rd millennium a more Atlantic-influenced climate evolved, which was cooler and wetter, so that now 6396: 5982:

Landesverordnung über den "Naturpark Pfälzerwald" als deutscher Teil des Biosphärenreservates Pfälzerwald-Nordvogesen vom 22. Januar 2007

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and thus weather down to soils rich in nutrients, that are used for agriculture in island clearings in the western Palatine Forest (the

391:. Geomorphologically and geologically, this dividing line is less pronounced than is the case on the right bank of the Rhine, where the 6732: 3675: 3662:

On the eastern edge of the mountains, a light yellow, bleached sandstone may be found in several places. This used to be quarried near

2556: 166: 5389:(waymark: scallop on blue field), the Pirmasens – Belfort long-distance path (waymark: yellow bar) or the Franconia-Hesse-Palatinate ( 1920:

In the Middle Bunter, too, various rock zones with thicknesses of about 80 to 100 metres may be identified. The most striking are the

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At the same time, the forested highlands has gained increasing importance in the second half of the twentieth century as a place for

1321:, the population was initially restored and stabilized in the late 17th century, initially as a result of settler migration from the 4298:

form an ecological framework in which a large and varied range of animals was able to develop. Particularly striking are the larger

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The Palatinate Forest is a heavily incised, low mountain range with many hillforms and dense afforestation: panoramic view from the

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by the German Federal Institute for Regional Studies. Despite that, some deviation in the names used by the handbook has prevailed.

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Landscape fact file (major landscape) of the Landscape Information System of the Rhineland-Palatinate Nature Conservation Office (

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Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde, Remagen/Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9th series in 8 books, 1:1,000,000 map with major units 1960).

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In addition to beech, the oak is another characteristic tree of the Palatinate Forest, albeit botanically speaking they are mainly

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These processes, which continue today, have had four important implications for the present landscape of the low mountain region:

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dominates the appearance of the forest. Because it forms the northernmost element of the great beech-fir forests typical of the

7341: 6389: 5597: 5245: 4875:, which nest in the rocks and are under strict conservation measures (including access restrictions for climbers and walkers). 4585: 2106:, rock faces, rock walls and rock blocks. In addition, the small-scale weathering of strata of differing hardness has produced 1645:(2,296 ha) being the largest of the core area in the biosphere reserve, with its mixed stands of primeval beech, oak and pine. 4906:, the Luger Friedrichsfels, the Hundsfels and the Rödelstein near Vorderweidenthal. Another important natural monument is the 540: 5554:

near Merzalben the visitor has a good view of the core zone of the biosphere reserve in the western Palatine Forest (see the

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ruled over the northeastern Palatine Forest; the significant buildings there of this aristocratic family were the castles of

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On the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest, in the borough of Neustadt an der Weinstraße above the village of the same, is

4027:). In addition, from a forestry point of view the oaks of the Palatinate Forest are a particularly high priority because the 1623:

The main focus is on the promotion of "model projects for sustainability" that, for example, may include the development of

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in a comprehensive permanent exhibition with vivid displays of the particular features of these bunter sandstone mountains.

1928:, which also consist of silicifie coarse sandstones and scree. At the top of this formation is the "violet boundary layer" ( 6537: 6464: 6109:

1:25,000 and 1:50,000 topographic map series by the Rhineland-Palatinate State Office for Survey and Geobasis Information (

3240:

valleys, in which the valley floor is wide and they are therefore especially well suited for the construction of ponds, or

1165:(7th to 10th century) took them to the edges of today's Palatinate Forest, there was increasing population pressure in the 613: 348: 3798:

little, to the devastation of wide areas of woodland, something that reached its peak in the 17th and 18th centuries (see

7205: 4883: 4794: 2115: 750: 5530:

offers an "observation platform" over the Rhine plain, the rock castles of the Wasgau, e. g. the castle trinity of

1695:, through the addition of iron oxide, to a variable colouration of the rock strata – hence the name "bunter" sandstone ( 5348:. It offers over 100 managed walking huts and similar facilities run by volunteers of the Palatine Forest Club and the 5314: 5075: 4973: 4754: 4259: 3367:. Whilst the first three flow directly into the Rhine, the waters of the Schwarzbach make their way indirectly via the 1998: 1089: 442: 6877: 556: 4995: 4776: 4281: 2279:

Typical Wasgau countryside with erosion surfaces and conical hills: view from the Lindelbrunn to the Rehberg (centre)

2020: 1111: 468: 5461:

on the Weinbiet. The visitor has a good all-round view, especially to the north and east that reaches as far as the

450: 6096: 5929: 5539: 5090: 4895: 4599:

in 1832 and has since been seen as a symbol of democracy. Several kilometres further south, near Edenkoben, is the

3301:, that are frequently linked to spring horizons and into which groundwater reaches the surface again. As a result, 1524:

Around 1975 the expansion of recreational facilities was viewed as complete and attention switched to the care of

632: 6530: 6412: 5433:

Thanks to its rich tapestry of countryside the Palatine Forest has a large number of very varied viewing points:

5213: 1732: 1406:

in Germany also affected the region of the Palatinate Forest, which was increasingly integrated into the overall

17: 6715: 5709: 4977: 4758: 4646: 4263: 2002: 1364: 1093: 503: 446: 2162:

The highest points in this low mountain range occur in the central Palatinate Forest, and mainly in the east.

6894: 6439: 5993: 1486: 1470: 182: 5409:

etc.) and the so-called "premium" or "predicate" trails initiated by the Palatine Tourist Board (e. g.

4075:, the moisture-loving silver fir is counted as one of the indigenous tree species of the Palatinate Forest. 1517:

style, were named "Fischer Huts" after the managing director of the Palatinate Forest Club, Ludwig Fischer.

3724:

columns were formed. These rock deposits may be clearly seen today on the site of an old Hartstein quarry.

2353:. The nearest settlement is given for lesser known hills or those for which there is no Knowledge article. 1142: 532: 5800:

Der Pfälzerwald: Entstehung seines Namens, seine geographische Abgrenzung und die Geologie seines Gebietes

5273: 4673: 3671: 2165:

Here, in a single, contiguous ridge is a series of peaks exceeding the 600 metre mark, of which the Great

1355:. Apart from the modest level of iron extraction and processing, work in the forests and the operation of 509: 6459: 4634: 1372: 6326: 5679:

Map service of the Landscape Information System of the Rhineland-Palatinate Nature Conservation Office (

688: 7316: 7188: 6631: 5454: 5386: 5280:

and which is planned to re-open are two aerial cableways on the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest.

2563: 1924:

beds, which mainly occur at the surface as silicified blocks of rock, and the upper rock zone and the

1535:, planted as a result of war, wartime reparations and times of crisis, with species rich site-specific 1205:

and other castles in the surrounding area that, for a time, made it the centre of power of the empire.

880: 4012: 3402:

The eleven river basins of the Palatine Forest with the four most important around the central plateau

2502: 2186: 2169:, at 672.6 m, is also the highest point of the entire Palatinate Forest. The ridge begins at the 5277: 4393:

appear to have died out in the Palatine Forest region. Typical autumn and winter species include the

2586: 2127: 1254: 1233:

led to a significant decline in population and the total number of settlements fell sharply (leaving

234: 4828:

Other ancient forest-like cells of natural woodland may be found in the source region of the (Wies)-

4126:

In the species-poor oak, beech and pine woods the ground flora mainly consists of acid-soil loving (

2283:

South of the Queich the countryside changes due to the somewhat different geological situation (see

1300: 6942: 6674: 6566: 6363:

Winfried Lang: Der Luitpoldturm und sein Panorama. Plöger Medien GmbH, Annweiler 2009, pp. 108–121.

5511: 4849: 4715:, which were built at different times, but erected immediately one after another on a rocky ridge. 4413: 2883: 1592:. In 1998 it became the German part of the first cross-border UNESCO biosphere reserve, namely the 624: 597: 489:, bounded by the extensive northern Palatine hill landscape and reaching southwards to a line from 431: 333: 149: 60: 5696:

by the Rhineland-Palatinate State Office for the Environment, Water Management and Trade Control (

7139: 6703: 6583: 5023: 4966: 4818: 4747: 4556:

The Palatinate Forest has a large number of castles and stately houses. Worthy of mention is the

4506: 4252: 4042:

Despite the decline in its share of the total tree population from 44 to 34 percent in 2008, the

3535: 3185: 2495: 2198: 2096: 1991: 1368: 1082: 435: 6099:

Website of the Rhineland-Palatinate State Office for Geology and Mining. Retrieved 8 April 2011.

2759: 1687:

and the Zechstein (about 256–251 million years ago) are important. At the beginning of the

1007:

distinction between different parts of the region that, today, is the Palatinate Forest and the

777:

within the Palatine-Saarland Scarplands (a 2nd order major region) and runs south as far as the

7217: 7133: 6961: 4466: 4051:

member of the forest community, although for the purposes of reforesting devastated areas (see

4003:. It is the main tree species of larger, sometimes centuries-old, stands in the regions around 3108: 2406: 2316: 2056: 1925: 995: 379:

forms a border between the Palatinate Forest, which continues into France as the North Vosges (

310: 6679: 4034: 728: 7200: 7074: 5465:. In the central and southern part of the range, examples of good viewing towers include the 5352:. The walking support centres are often only accessible on foot and mainly open at weekends. 5194: 5186: 4887: 4569: 4055:) pine species from other regions have been introduced and mixed with indigenous species. In 3580:

The river system of the Schwarzbach is the only one in the forest that drains into the river

3425: 3388: 2210: 1572: 1434: 694: 7193: 7121: 6337: 6315: 5551: 4677: 4546: 3624: 2095:) and elongated trapezium-shaped ridges, frequently with rocky summit areas (e. g. the 1208: 279: 7026: 5774:

Pfälzische Landeskunde, Beiträge zu Geographie, Biologie, Volkskunde und Geschichte. Vol. 1

5527: 5449:

In the northeastern part of the range the following destinations are worth mentioning: the

5345: 5221: 5125: 4642: 4565: 4390: 4339: 3628: 2913: 2745: 2288: 2131: 2060: 1815: 1713: 1700:

sandstone formations were buried by various types of sediments in the adjacent sections of

1318: 337: 178: 6918: 6509: 5616:

Michael Geiger (2010). "Die Landschaften der Pfalz" (The Landscapes of the Palatinate) in

5382:

paths that link the forest to the European and national networks of long-distance trails.

5248:, and there are also various children-oriented activities. A comparable attraction is the 5244:

Over 400 wild animals of 15 European species may be found on the extensive terrain of the

5132: 4600: 4107:, in pure or nearly monocultures and represents about 4 percent of the forest area there. 1528:

and the landscape in the centre. Increasingly there was also a desire to replace the many

8: 5176: 4669: 4665: 4610: 4604: 4539: 4482: 4209: 4155: 4048: 3410: 3364: 3040: 2691: 2206: 1624: 1415: 1338: 1218: 936: 174: 90: 7062: 3234:

with wider floors predominate. In the southwestern part of the Forest are the so-called

7092: 7050: 6769: 6726: 6424: 5745: 5543: 5201: 5172: 5157: 5039: 4845: 4661: 4614: 4510: 4378: 4119: 4016: 3704:

was able to rise and break out onto the surface along the fractures. During an initial

3596: 3592:), all the other systems, arranged from north to south, drain directly into the Rhine. 3262: 2830: 2724: 2593: 2441: 2123: 2078: 1688: 1396: 1047: 983: 858: 521: 254:

region of about 8,000 km in area, that runs from the Börrstadt Basin (a line from

7181: 7157: 6143: 6061: 4588:

can be viewed, and is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Palatinate.

2904: 2350: 1391: 1190: 407:

beyond the Vosges forms an orographically clear border on the left bank of the Rhine.

7176: 7021: 6805: 6745: 6710: 6479: 5458: 5349: 5332: 4891: 4879: 4708: 4685: 4626: 4445: 4366: 4362: 4295: 4173: 3803: 3705: 3604: 3558: 3541: 3524: 2995: 2639: 2527: 2241: 2225:

or Kaiserslautern-Mölschbach without dropping below the 450 metre contour line.

1961: 1890: 1679: 1662: 1589: 1547: 1403: 1342: 1234: 1162: 942: 910: 709: 563: 365: 341: 283: 6449: 5466: 4676:

near Bad Dürkheim. Other castles in the region that belonged to the Leiningens were

4603:, built in the mid-19th century and used as a summer residence of the Bavarian king 2846: 7164: 7103: 7033: 6889: 6882: 6774: 6698: 6306:. 2nd edn., Verlag Pfälzer Kunst Dr. Hans Blinn, Landau/Pfalz, 1985, pp. 4 ff. 5741: 5288: 5051: 4907: 4872: 4808:, stands out as a result of its natural, virgin scenery. The Trippstadt village of 4596: 4577: 4398: 4382: 4370: 4343: 4327: 4201: 4185: 4169: 4165: 4072: 3713: 3512: 3297:

The conditions described above have also led to the formation of a great number of

2448: 2119: 1933: 1789: 1755: 1751: 1654: 1497: 1411: 1262: 1246: 1214: 1174: 1131: 991: 789: 755: 295: 206: 76:

The Palatinate Forest in southwest Germany and northeast France (delineated in red)

6829: 4804:

valley, through which run the upper reaches of the Moosalb river near the town of

2766: 2308: 1831: 6997: 6937: 6757: 6601: 6590: 6553: 6002: 5035: 4712: 4696: 4689: 4618: 4557: 4323: 4221: 4151: 4143: 4135: 4131: 3870: 3790: 3600: 3460: 3454: 3398: 3258: 3231: 3227: 2420: 1867: 1799: 1785: 1771: 1438: 1301:

Immigration, re-impoverishment, first commuters (late 18th to early 20th century)

1286: 864: 404: 376: 352: 267: 251: 191: 141: 44: 6606: 6595: 6381: 4168:

grows on dry, sandy soils alongside paths and in clearings as do plants such as

3315:

do not have a natural origin. They were more often artificially laid out by the

3222:

Water conducting and feeding rock zone of the Karlstal beds: Moosalb im Karlstal

2800: 1866:. They generally have a softer consistency and therefore form broad valleys and 1491: 806: 580: 513: 6834: 6661: 6626: 5948: 5575: 5531: 5482: 5318: 5106: 4914:

In order to open up this rock landscape to walkers, in recent years a range of

4829: 4719: 4704: 4654: 4592: 4573: 4561: 4550: 4486: 4205: 4100: 4092: 3950: 3824: 3663: 3566: 3549: 3480: 3380: 3356: 3320: 3274: 3270: 2988: 2304: 2229: 2222: 2218: 1775: 1724: 1642: 1506: 1419: 1322: 1290: 1202: 1146: 1137: 778: 774: 734: 576: 490: 326: 6906: 6822: 6571: 6087:

Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 2010, c.f. table and map pp. 76–77.

5658:

Sheets marked with an asterisk (*) have not so far been included in the list.

5498:("Dragon Rock") between the Isenach and Speyerbach valleys and especially the 5474: 2731: 1305: 7310: 7292: 7279: 7045: 6985: 6949: 6522: 6484: 5535: 5450: 5324: 5292: 5110: 5047: 5027: 4809: 4490: 4470: 4347: 4225: 4213: 4180:, whilst by the many brooks and wet meadows acid-loving marsh plants such as 4056: 4004: 3816: 3761:, about 10,000 years ago, the region of the Palatine Forest was covered with 3608: 3573: 3433: 2194: 2103: 1728: 1426: 987: 957: 720: 494: 369: 6925: 6762: 5698:

Landesamtes für Umwelt, Wasserwirtschaft und Gewerbeaufsicht Rheinland-Pfalz

4617:

in the southern part of the Palatinate Forest, once belonged to the knight,

4196:

may be seen, all of which are rare in other regions of Germany. In addition

4115: 2464: 1754:, which, in their forelands to the north of the Alps, caused a bulge in the 1386: 71: 7248: 7144: 7128: 6978: 6781: 6691: 6578: 6474: 5830: 5589: 5503: 5261: 4915: 4841: 4650: 4474: 4386: 4303: 4217: 4193: 3585: 3372: 2632: 2536: 2178: 2111: 1684: 1661:. The tectonically formed bedding of these rock types and their subsequent 1536: 1430: 1380: 1294: 1266: 1198: 874: 840: 651: 396: 322: 250:

border, from which it has no morphological separation, is part of a single

6954: 6750: 6199:. Harksheider Verlagsgesellschaft, Norderstedt o. J., pp. 33–36. 5620:

by Michael Geiger et al. (eds.), Landau/Pf: Pfälzische Landeskunde, p. 99.

4038:

A pine stand, almost 200 years old, on the northwest slopes of the Rehberg

3603:

between the Rhine (Upper Rhine) and Moselle (Middle Rhine) comes from the

2700: 259: 7224: 7014: 6990: 6966: 6857: 6686: 5899:

Stuttgart: Ulmer, 1999, p. 403, comparing these houses with those in the

5470: 5418: 5406: 5394: 5163: 4630: 4535: 4502: 4498: 4478: 4462: 4433: 4385:

has been resident in the rock country of the Wasgau for several decades,

4127: 4028: 4000: 3996: 3934: 3820: 3667: 3589: 3520: 3328: 3254: 2862: 2675: 2509: 2170: 1795: 1701: 1627:

concepts or the environmentally friendly production of regional products.

1532: 1226: 1209:

Abandoned villages, over-exploitation and depletion (14th-18th centuries)

1166: 360: 314: 291: 287: 6841: 6281:. Website der Vereinigung Pfälzer Kletterer. Retrieved 22 May 2011. 5654: 4902:. The region around Annweiler and Gossersweiler has formations like the 3696:

53 million years ago tensions in the earth's crust and mantle (see

3576:(1720 km) – catchment area goes to immediately on the state border) 2807: 263: 7264: 7241: 7236: 7212: 6930: 6901: 6786: 6643: 6638: 6499: 6039:. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 2007, pp. 241–258. 5547: 5232: 4980: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4903: 4868: 4837: 4805: 4761: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4266: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4159: 4139: 4076: 4067: 4043: 4031:

produced from them is recognized worldwide as being of unique quality.

4020: 3966: 3640: 3620: 3474: 3348: 3332: 3117: 3011: 2646: 2520: 2455: 2324: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2265: 2233: 2190: 2139: 2135: 2005: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1885: 1871: 1739: 1529: 1445: 1356: 1347: 1282: 1182: 1096: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 834: 255: 6052:. Harksheider Verlagsgesellschaft, Norderstedt, o. J., pp. 20–29. 5013: 3745: 3218: 2275: 2221:. It is therefore possible to walk from Neustadt an der Weinstraße to 1130:

uninhabited and covered by dense, ancient forest until the end of the

7253: 7169: 6846: 6810: 6721: 6666: 6655: 6469: 5757: 5550:, the highest castle ruins in the Palatinate, near Schönau, and from 5499: 5328: 5269: 5121: 4681: 4638: 4421: 4408: 4394: 4315: 4147: 3616: 3529: 3489: 3392: 2972: 2793: 2625: 2434: 1957: 1953: 1855: 1658: 1514: 1360: 1352: 1334: 1310: 1178: 712: 670: 584: 400: 332:

The hill country between the Haardt and the Upper Rhine Plain, where

7116: 6276: 6267:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 309–336. 6250:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 141–145. 6233:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 133–164. 6216:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 127–132. 6166:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 101–126. 6131:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987. pp. 253–262. 5397:(e. g. forest educational trails), rock trails (e. g. the 4955: 4736: 4241: 1980: 1665:

led to the topography of this low mountain range that we see today.

1297:(pitch boilers) and ash burners, supported only a meagre existence. 1269:

damaged the soils and forests; on the other hand the manufacture of

1245:

and had to be abandoned after a short period because of overuse and

1071: 420: 7069: 6973: 6852: 6434: 6108: 5900: 5523: 5478: 5462: 5265: 5181: 4801: 4789: 4441: 4374: 4311: 4307: 4197: 4189: 4181: 4080: 4008: 3989: 3750: 3612: 3503: 3298: 3171: 3085: 3058: 2570: 2269: 2257: 2214: 2182: 1921: 1905: 1743: 1709: 1330: 1170: 392: 275: 6913: 6619: 6454: 3327:

in the Palatine Forest is not significant. The best known are the

2213:

rivers. To the southwest other ridges separate the valleys of the

1568:

Boundaries of the Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve

1169:(10th to 13th century), especially through the initiatives of the 994:

region of the Palatinate. Its use was extended when, in 1902, the

7108: 7097: 7086: 7081: 7057: 6798: 6614: 6111:

Landesamt für Vermessung und Geobasisinformation Rheinland-Pfalz)

5046:. The latter, in addition to a multimedia exhibition, also has a 4864: 4449: 4425: 4416:, the largest central European fritillary, in the Palatine Forest 4319: 4294:

The large mixed forests of the mountain range with their various

3758: 3717: 3581: 3468: 3384: 3376: 3336: 3290: 3266: 3148: 2261: 2249: 1811: 1525: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1407: 1258: 1242: 1222: 1012: 528: 271: 170: 94: 7009: 6344:, insgesamt 102, Pfälzerwald-Verein e. V., 67433 Neustadt a.d.W. 5770:

Der Pfälzerwald – Eine Einführung in Landschaft und Namengebung.

5583: 3685: 1889:

Trifels beds of the Napoleonsfels rocks near Bruchweiler in the

1882:

The rock unit of bunter sandstone is divided into three strata:

1854:

These rock strata cover the bedrock and consist, in addition to

1414:. Secluded forest farming villages became municipalities with a 7152: 7002: 5972:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 2010, pp. 155–158. 5920:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 207–214. 5886:. Landau/Pf.: Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, 1987, pp. 239–252. 5869:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 2010, pp. 202–221. 5737: 5507: 5441: 5307: 5303: 5152: 5102: 5098: 5043: 4530: 4494: 4437: 4429: 4358: 4331: 4299: 4104: 4060: 3984: 3886: 3808: 3762: 3721: 3657: 3497: 3445: 3439: 3416: 3352: 2427: 2291:(576.8 m) near Annweiler, the castle hill of the ruins of 2166: 2155: 2040: 1901: 1839: 1810:

In the later Paleogene (34 to 23.8 million years ago) and

1705: 1653:

The Palatinate Forest is primarily characterised by a block of

1585: 1564: 1542:

On 20 July 1982 the Palatinate Forest Nature Park Association (

1326: 1278: 1253:

to obtain firewood and timber did not follow the principles of

1250: 1230: 1194: 1158: 1150: 1055: 1039: 1028: 1008: 888: 782: 678: 674: 665: 620: 604: 588: 388: 247: 243: 214: 210: 199: 5664:

Sheet 160: Landau i. d. Pfalz (Adalbert Pemöller 1969; 47 pp.)

5374:

used as a waypoint on an unsigned path to the forest house of

5272:, from where there is a good view of the Rhine Plain, and the 4103:

it is found on the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest, the

3802:). This situation made the introduction of properly regulated 2343:

concept for the natural region division of the Palatine Forest

118: 6650: 6026:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 21–46. 5852:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 63–92. 5506:, from which there is an outstanding view over the southeast 5371: 5366: 3918: 3823:. In the Palatine Forest, this regulated management produced 3812: 3786: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3765:, amongst which, initially, undemanding tree species such as 3701: 3368: 2346: 1859: 1843: 1778:, keuper and muschelkalk), thus exposing the bunter sandstone 1746:

era (66 to 23.8 million years ago) the formation of the

1501:

woodland car park from where there are several circular walks

1274: 982:

was first used in 1843 – when the Palatinate was part of the

238:

The scarplands west of the Rhine and the Palatine Forest (17)

6290: 5810: 5808: 5205:

and the changes in shoe production experienced vividly (see

4405:), until this sport was ended by the 1936 Conservation Act. 4302:

which, as in other mountainous regions, are represented by

1584:

The Palatinate Forest Nature Park was recognized in 1992 by

1138:

Abbeys, colonisation and development (7th to 13th centuries)

781:, i.e. far into French territory, where it continues as the 399:

are clearly separated from each other by the lowland of the

6817: 6793: 6494: 5649:

The Natural Region Units in Individual 1:200,000 map sheets

4899: 4700: 4568:, where, at the end of the 12th century, the English king, 4458: 4448:

have survived. And the highly endangered great and spotted

4354: 4335: 3854: 3766: 3311:

are typical of the Palatine Forest, albeit the majority of

3307: 3236: 2312: 2107: 1949: 1909: 1863: 1760: 1747: 1376: 1270: 1238: 1201:(12th and 13th century) emperors, with the construction of 1124: 855:(only significantly separate landscape subdivisions shown) 716: 5802:.Crusius Verlag, Kaiserslautern, 1911 (Sonderdruck), p. 7. 5653:

Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde, Bad Godesberg 1952–1994. →

4146:. Also characteristic are various species of fern such as 4087:) as well as being representative of the original forest. 3619:

to the west – and then bends southwest in the area of the

3285: 198:) covering 1,771 km and its highest elevation is the 6865: 6144:

Geoexplorer of the Rhineland-Palatinate Water Authority (

5818:. Landau/Pf.: Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, 1987, p. 18. 5805: 3902: 3778: 3674:

in large quarries and is still being quarried today near

3316: 3302: 2150: 1770:

The removal of approximately 800 metres of surface rock (

1387:

Deindustrialisation and tourism (20th and 21st centuries)

2118:). On the almost two-kilometre-long rock terrace of the 1849: 1363:

was the only real source of income. This meant that the

986:– by foresters in the centrally-located municipality of 4059:

in the mid-Palatinate Forest and on the peaty soils at

2068: 481:

The Palatinate Forest can be divided into three areas.

309:

To the north, the Palatinate Forest is adjoined by the

6291:

Website of the Rhineland-Palatinate Museum Association

4918:

has been established, of which the Rodalb Rock Trail (

4898:, which all lie in the area around the little town of 4024: 3319:

of streams and were used as stages and reservoirs for

3273:, where it is discharged at the surface again e.g. in 2142:

tend to be found more in the central Palatine Forest.

1719: 1708:(234–200 million years ago), and also during the 792:

mountains were drawn up in the 1950s and 1960s in the

6342:

Verzeichnis der Rasthäuser, Schutzhütten, Wanderheime

5022:

given primacy. On the German side, these include the

4832:

below the Weißenberg in one of the core zones of the

2189:(609.9 m). This massif extends from the town of 1814:(23.8 to 2.8 million years ago) and also in the 52: 6377:

Biosphere Reserve Palatinate Forest - Vosges du Nord

5966:

Natur- und Kulturlandschaften der Pfalz im Überblick

5632:

Handbuch der naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands

5565: 1673: 1463: 5703: 4938:). Whilst most rocks are only really accessible to 2341:The category structure of the list is based on the 2145: 794:

Handbook of the Natural Region Divisions of Germany

6244:Der Pfälzerwald, Lebensraum für Pflanzen und Tiere 6227:Der Pfälzerwald, Lebensraum für Pflanzen und Tiere 6197:Naturpark PfälzerWald Naturmagazin draußen, No. 24 6050:Naturpark PfälzerWald Naturmagazin draußen, No. 24 5302:The Palatinate Forest is an attractive region for 4945: 4440:. A common sight are great anthills, the nests of 4224:, illustrate the variety that may be found in the 3226:Characteristic of the Lower and Middle Bunter are 2337:List of mountains and hills of the Palatine Forest 1794:The breaking the bunter sandstone into individual 1011:. The range was named after the Celtic forest god 6411: 6261:Bedeutende Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler im Pfälzerwald 6123:Hubert Heitele, Dietmar Kotke, Herrmann Fischer: 5672: 5252:near Wachenheim in the northern Palatine Forest. 5124:is the first science museum or science centre in 3749:Beech stands that resemble ancient forest in the 3323:. However, the area covered by all the lakes and 3305:, bog lakes and other small lakes, the so-called 1042:part of the sandstone mountains, whilst the term 7308: 6114:, official website. Retrieved 1 April 2011. 5667:Sheet 169*: Rastatt (Heinz Fischer 1967; 31 pp.) 5084:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve 4822: 3379:rivers. Smaller drainage systems are, e.g., the 2177:) (about 500 m) and heads westwards to the 1594:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve 1576:The core zone: Source Region of the Wieslauter ( 1560:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve 1475:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve 1052:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve 926:Annweiler-Albersweiler Outskirts ("Trifelsland") 219:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve 205:Together with the northern part of the adjacent 6097:Geological Overview Map of Rhineland-Palatinate 5846:Der Pfälzerwald als historisch-politischer Raum 5050:, and water and biosphere experience walks. In 4821:was established in Johanniskreuz in 2005 (viz. 4420:The forest is home to a sizeable population of 2248:; 566.2 m). In the triangle formed by the 1805: 7347:Natural regions of the South German Scarplands 6552: 4572:, was held prisoner; in the wake of which the 3789:characterised the forest scenery. The oak and 282:) and which forms the western boundary of the 7327:Forests and woodlands of Rhineland-Palatinate 6538: 6397: 6304:Der Wasgau mit seinen Felsen und Felsenburgen 6178: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6024:Der Pfälzerwald, ein Porträt einer Landschaft 5445:The Luitpold Tower on the Weißenberg mountain 5401:), river and lakeside trails (e. g. the 5321:, was developed in the centre of the region. 4911:sandstone (e. g. honeycomb weathering). 3686:Former volcanic activity at the Pechsteinkopf 2236:the highest points are the 570.8 m high 2201:. Its central area between Johanniskreuz and 1469:inter alia, through the establishment of the 907:Stürzelbronn-Schönau Felsenland (up to 581 m) 847:; 394 m); eastern outskirts of Kaiserslautern 773:The Palatinate Forest is a major (3rd level) 5789:. Plöger Medien GmbH, Annweiler 2009, p. 75. 5661:Sheet 150: Mainz (Harald Uhlig 1964; 39 pp.) 5639: 5171:Examples of industrial heritage include the 4015:and may also be found further south between 3635:, before finally leaving German soil at the 1932:), which mainly consists of fine, mica-rich 1367:in the second half of the 19th century (the 1257:. On the one hand, the production of straw ( 837:(only over 400 m near the southern boundary) 36: 6146:Wasserwirtschaftsverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 6139: 6137: 4871:trees. Another feature of this biotope are 4867:, the undemanding grasses and the deformed 4513:, may often be seen by streams and ponds. 4158:cover large areas and, in suitable places, 3611:it runs initially southwards – passing the 3584:. The Waldlauter and Alsenz drain into the 1731:of the bunter sandstone at the foot of the 990:, who used it to refer to the woods of the 669:, from the Queich stream and the line from 449:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 6545: 6531: 6404: 6390: 6169: 6020:Der Pfälzerwald im geografischen Überblick 4576:arose. Today it is where replicas of the 3244:, reservoirs and small lakes (see below). 1402:In the 20th century, the general economic 6265:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 6248:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 6231:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 6214:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 6164:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 6129:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 5934:at www.kwis-rlp.de. Retrieved 21 Sep 2018 5918:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 5884:Der Pfälzerwald: Porträt einer Landschaft 5850:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 5816:Der Pfälzerwald: Porträt einer Landschaft 5197:in Neustadt which has numerous exhibits. 5034:) and the Palatine Forest / North Vosges 4996:Learn how and when to remove this message 4777:Learn how and when to remove this message 4641:, which partly belonged to rebel knight, 4350:are also found in the Palatinate Forest. 4282:Learn how and when to remove this message 3293:reservoir in the northern Palatine Forest 2327:are the highest points in the southwest. 2158:, the highest peak in the Palatine Forest 2021:Learn how and when to remove this message 1317:After large population losses during the 1112:Learn how and when to remove this message 469:Learn how and when to remove this message 242:The Palatinate Forest, together with the 6316:Wanderhütten in deutschen Mittelgebirgen 6134: 5835:. Annweiler: Plöger Medien, 2009, p. 61. 5776:. Selbstverlag, Landau/Pf. 1981, p. 381. 5756:along with the northeastern spur of the 5687: 5440: 5365: 5287: 5162: 5151: 5056:Parc naturel régional des Vosges du Nord 5012: 4788: 4545: 4529: 4407: 4114: 4033: 3744: 3697: 3397: 3284: 3217: 2284: 2274: 2149: 2077: 1884: 1877: 1830: 1723: 1571: 1563: 1490: 1390: 1359:, the shoemaking industry in the region 1313:: farmhouses in the Rhine-Frankish style 1304: 1141: 1125:Traces of activity (to the 10th century) 1061: 1019:emerged in the French-speaking area and 805: 583:to the Queich stream and the line from 233: 7337:Mountain ranges of Rhineland-Palatinate 7322:Protected areas of Rhineland-Palatinate 6263:. In: Michael Geiger u. a. (ed.): 6081:Die geologischen Baueinheiten der Pfalz 5937: 5494:The best known rock formations are the 5206: 4353:This is also true for a number of rare 3799: 3280: 3247: 1870:in the northern Palatinate Forest (the 1513:20 open shelters, built for walkers in 917:Dahner Felsenland in the narrower sense 14: 7309: 5276:, which from 1973 to 1981 went up the 5147: 5031: 5008: 4930:), and the Hauenstein Cobblers' Path ( 4703:. This group comprises the castles of 4586:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation 4334:and threatened mammal species such as 3208: 2033: 1668: 1437:trends. In addition, the far-reaching 6526: 6385: 5712:Naturschutzverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 5681:Naturschutzverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 5623: 5362:Walking routes in the Palatine Forest 5283: 4695:One unusual group of castles are the 4684:in the western part of the range and 3623:; in this direction it continues via 3213: 2063:(tower) on the Trifels looking north. 1850:Rotliegendes and Zechstein formations 1712:(200–142 million years ago) and 1704:(243–235 million years ago) and 1600:objectives and protection functions: 826:Otterberg Forest (up to around 380 m) 769:Subdivisions of the Palatinate Forest 575:from the Isenach stream and the line 148: 6063:Zugversagen-Modell der Grabenbildung 4978:adding citations to reliable sources 4949: 4759:adding citations to reliable sources 4730: 4726: 4264:adding citations to reliable sources 4235: 4122:in a clearing in the Palatine Forest 3830: 2069:Mountains, hills and rock formations 2003:adding citations to reliable sources 1974: 1750:led to considerable tensions in the 1553: 1177:, e.g. through the establishment of 1094:adding citations to reliable sources 1065: 788:The important subdivisions of these 447:adding citations to reliable sources 414: 349:St. Ingbert-Kaiserslauten Depression 6246:. In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 6229:. In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 6212:. In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 6210:Naturwaldzellen, Urwald der Zukunft 6162:. In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 6127:. In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 6083:. In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 5694:Natural region table with area data 5306:, offering an extensive network of 5255: 4836:as well as the border area between 4110: 3698:Laying down of the bunter sandstone 3651: 2330: 2134:can also be observed. By contrast, 2073: 1781:The tilting of the sandstone layers 1733:Devil's Table near Hinterweidenthal 1720:Laying down of the bunter sandstone 1213:This development took place in the 24: 6508: 6327:Karte bewirtschafteter Unterkünfte 6079:Jost Haneke/Michael Weidenfeller: 5968:. In: Michael Geiger u. a. (ed.): 5916:. In: Michael Geiger u. a. (ed.): 5865:. In: Michael Geiger u. a. (ed.): 5848:. In: Michael Geiger u. a. (ed.): 5787:Der Luitpoldturm und sein Panorama 5489: 5315:Palatine Forest Mountain Bike Park 5167:The St. Anna gallery in Nothweiler 5076:Palatine Museum of Natural History 5017:The biosphere house near Fischbach 4878:Well-known rock formations in the 4860: 1835:Gneiss quarry in the Queich valley 1657:and its underlying formations of 1418:character through the building of 650:The region is much appreciated by 25: 7358: 6370: 6125:Das Grundwasser und seine Nutzung 5772:In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 5598:Südliche Weinstraße Wildlife Park 5436: 5428: 5355: 5246:Südliche Weinstraße Wildlife Park 5239: 4718:The castle information centre at 4672:near Grünstadt and the castle of 3740: 1716:(142–66 million years ago). 1674:Formation of the bunter sandstone 1464:Nature Park and Biosphere Reserve 1458:touristic concepts and activities 1341:) and the expansion of villages ( 1031:, in the German-speaking region. 344:runs through this zone of hills. 7263: 6186:. Retrieved 18 August 2013 5880:Von alten Berufen im Pfälzerwald 5629:Emil Meynen, Josef Schmithüsen: 5582: 5568: 5385:Well known examples include the 5091:History Museum of the Palatinate 4954: 4735: 4381:. Whilst the strictly protected 4240: 4096: 2268:. North of the Isenach only the 2146:Detailed topographic description 2048: 1979: 1970: 1221:(16th to 18th century), because 1070: 741: 727: 701: 687: 643: 631: 612: 596: 555: 539: 520: 502: 419: 70: 7332:Regions of Rhineland-Palatinate 6490:Vesser Valley Thuringian Forest 6357: 6347: 6331: 6320: 6309: 6296: 6284: 6270: 6253: 6236: 6219: 6202: 6189: 6152: 6117: 6102: 6090: 6073: 6055: 6042: 6029: 6012: 5987: 5975: 5958: 5923: 5906: 5889: 5882:in Michael Geiger et al (ed.), 5872: 5855: 5838: 5821: 5792: 5779: 5762: 5477:near Iggelbach, the one on the 5131:The Max Slevogt Art Gallery in 4965:needs additional citations for 4946:Information centres and museums 4746:needs additional citations for 4251:needs additional citations for 2082:Example of a rock terrace: the 1990:needs additional citations for 1456:. This is reflected in various 1081:needs additional citations for 762: 5995:50 Jahre Naturpark Pfälzerwald 5863:Dörfer und Städte in der Pfalz 5750: 5731: 5718: 5647:Geographische Landesaufnahme: 5610: 5190: 5069:Museumsverband Rheinland-Pfalz 4882:("Dahn Rock Country") are the 4629:, only ruins are left. Other 4228:alongside streams and brooks. 3363:in its upper reaches) and the 3331:on the northwestern edge, the 1821: 1480: 956:(up to 526 m; drains into the 13: 1: 7342:Biosphere reserves of Germany 6293:. Retrieved 31 May 2011. 6018:Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 5603: 5095:Historisches Museum der Pfalz 4894:and the two pinnacles of the 4595:, which was the scene of the 3732: 3720:, dark, vertical or inclined 3257:that can be channeled by the 2355: 1487:Palatinate Forest Nature Park 1471:Palatinate Forest Nature Park 1217:(13th to 15th centuries) and 1149:, the centre of power of the 301: 229: 181:. The forest is a designated 161:), sometimes also called the 27:Low mountain range in Germany 6184:Artenvielfalt im Pfälzerwald 6066:Website von Christian Röhr: 5945:Kraftquelle für Sitzmenschen 5814:Michael Geiger et al (ed.). 5555: 5517: 5457:(near Bad Dürkheim) and the 4935: 4926:), the Busenberg Clog Path ( 4856: 4621:, known in local legends as 4084: 3976: 3960: 3944: 3928: 3912: 3896: 3880: 3864: 2311:(513.0 m) southwest of 1806:Shaping of today's landscape 1544:Verein Naturpark Pfälzerwald 822:(Northern Palatinate Forest) 546:St. James' Church, ruins of 410: 224: 7: 5561: 5391:Franken – Hessen – Kurpfalz 5185:since 1996, as well as the 5156:A diesel locomotive on the 4934:) should be mentioned (see 4886:near Hinterweidenthal, the 4823:Information centres/Museums 4481:. In larger meadow streams 3973: 3970: 3957: 3954: 3941: 3938: 3925: 3922: 3909: 3906: 3893: 3890: 3877: 3874: 3861: 3858: 3807:coniferous species such as 3712:) formed which filled with 3646: 2217:and the headstreams of the 1241:soils, were unsuitable for 372:system to the Upper Rhine. 336:are grown, is known as the 10: 7363: 7189:Thuringian Slate Mountains 6278:Das Klettergebiet Südpfalz 5897:Bauernhaus und Landschaft. 5359: 5338: 5080:Pfalzmuseum für Naturkunde 5061: 4814: 4525: 4212:and, in dryer places also 4052: 3727: 3689: 3655: 3457:(„Altbach“, 130.2 km) 2361:Northern, Palatine Forest 2334: 1826: 1648: 1578:Quellgebiet der Wieslauter 1557: 1484: 1197:(10th-12th centuries) and 968: 904:Dahn-Annweiler Felsenland 845:Quaidersberg, Quaitersberg 766: 661:Southern Palatinate Forest 638:The forest in early spring 487:Northern Palatinate Forest 7261: 7165:Teutoburg Forest (Osning) 6561: 6506: 6420: 6037:Geologie von Mitteleuropa 5274:Bad Dürkheim Gondola Lift 5207:the history of settlement 4932:Hauensteiner Schusterpfad 4928:Busenberger Holzschuhpfad 4516: 4499:other minnow-like species 4150:, lemon-scented fern and 3342: 3335:in the southwest and the 2366: 2363: 2358: 1395:The Schuster Monument in 853:Central Palatinate Forest 375:To the south, the narrow 113: 105: 100: 86: 81: 69: 32: 6675:Elbe Sandstone Mountains 6567:Anterior Bavarian Forest 4414:silver-washed fritillary 4231: 4130:) species. Examples are 3838:Predominant tree species 3253:different rock zones as 2367:Southern Palatine Forest 2364:Central Palatine Forest 2260:(554.0 m), and the 2039:scarpland relief, whose 1738:At the beginning of the 820:Lower Palatinate Forest 681:borderline in the south. 623:, the boundary with the 573:Middle Palatinate Forest 355:west of Kaiserslautern. 6195:Ulrike Klugmann (ed.): 6070:. Retrieved 6 May 2011. 6048:Ulrike Klugmann (ed.): 5024:House of Sustainability 4922:), the Dahn Rock Path ( 4819:House of Sustainability 4509:and the otherwise rare 4507:golden-ringed dragonfly 4469:and, in calmer waters, 4428:, as well as a host of 4178:lance-shaped bellflower 4091:high adaptability. The 3757:At the end of the last 3714:loose volcanic material 2303:(560.5 m) west of 2228:North of the line from 1373:Landau–Zweibrücken line 1249:. Also, the use of the 973: 754:("devil's table") near 53: 6962:North Palatine Uplands 6514: 5446: 5387:Palatine St. James Way 5378: 5317:, a route network for 5299: 5168: 5160: 5109:was the centre of the 5018: 4797: 4553: 4543: 4417: 4123: 4077:Waterside ash woodland 4039: 3763:tundra-like vegetation 3754: 3631:and forester's lodge, 3403: 3294: 3223: 2735:(ca. 571 m) 2438:(ca. 610 m) 2280: 2159: 2087: 1944:Intermediate beds and 1893: 1836: 1735: 1581: 1569: 1502: 1452:activities of special 1399: 1383:) outside the region. 1329:and the settlement of 1314: 1309:The Wasgau village of 1154: 996:Palatinate Forest Club 871:High Palatinate Forest 811: 719:are a destination for 311:North Palatine Uplands 290:) and younger strata ( 239: 195: 150:[ˈpfɛltsɐvalt] 145: 37: 7201:Upper Palatine Forest 7075:Geiersberg (Breitsol) 6644:(Prussian) Velmerstot 6512: 6085:Geographie der Pfalz. 5444: 5369: 5291: 5264:, a chairlift up the 5195:German Railway Museum 5187:Little Cuckoo Railway 5166: 5155: 5016: 4792: 4570:Richard the Lionheart 4549: 4533: 4411: 4304:cloven-hoofed animals 4118: 4037: 3748: 3708:an explosive funnel ( 3401: 3288: 3221: 2604:(ca. 523 m) 2278: 2153: 2081: 1930:violette Grenzschicht 1888: 1878:Bunter sandstone beds 1834: 1798:and the formation of 1727: 1575: 1567: 1494: 1394: 1308: 1145: 1062:History of settlement 899:Bitche Forest Lowland 873:(main plateau of the 809: 695:Neuscharfeneck Castle 562:The countryside near 237: 196:Naturpark Pfälzerwald 7293:49.29250°N 7.87667°E 7230:Paschenburg Mountain 6799:Brocken (Blocksberg) 5970:Geographie der Pfalz 5867:Geographie der Pfalz 5618:Geographie der Pfalz 5346:Palatine Forest Club 5141:Slevogthof Neukastel 5126:Rhineland-Palatinate 5105:exhibition of 2011 ( 4974:improve this article 4755:improve this article 4643:Francis of Sickingen 4260:improve this article 3588:(the Lauter via the 3281:Lakes and reservoirs 3248:Hydrological balance 2323:(472.1 m) near 2295:(570.9 m) near 2264:(516.0 m) near 2132:honeycomb weathering 1999:improve this article 1926:primary conglomerate 1090:improve this article 921:Annweiler Felsenland 861:(up to around 450 m) 798:1:200,000 map sheets 443:improve this section 179:Rhineland-Palatinate 7289: / 6680:Großer Zschirnstein 6158:Edmund Mainberger: 6068:Der Oberrheingraben 5844:Jürgen Keddigkeit: 5542:near Annweiler and 5512:Südliche Weinstraße 5481:and especially the 5453:(near Deidesheim), 5415:Felsenland Sagenweg 5327:appreciate the red 5295:at the foot of the 5227:In the ore mine of 5218:Bürstenbindermuseum 5214:Brushmakers' Museum 5148:Industrial heritage 5009:Information centres 4611:Berwartstein Castle 3633:Forsthaus Hohe List 3395:and the Krebsbach. 3209:Valleys and streams 2692:Niederschlettenbach 2319:(475.8 m) and 2285:Landscape character 2185:(609.9 m) and 2034:Landscape character 1669:Development history 1633:The "quiet zones" ( 1625:sustainable tourism 1439:demographic changes 1219:Early Modern Period 937:Upper Mundat Forest 625:wine growing region 387:) and the "actual" 167:low-mountain region 7194:Großer Farmdenkopf 7093:Lusatian Mountains 6770:Gladenbach Uplands 6738:Sieben-Linden-Berg 6515: 6465:Schorfheide-Chorin 6425:Berchtesgaden Alps 6413:Biosphere reserves 6338:Pfälzerwald-Verein 6005:, Report from the 6001:2013-10-24 at the 5914:Die Schuhindustrie 5746:Reichsburg Trifels 5552:Gräfenstein Castle 5510:and the county of 5447: 5399:Rodalber Felsenweg 5379: 5300: 5284:Outdoor recreation 5229:St. Anne's Gallery 5202:German Shoe Museum 5173:Stumpfwald Railway 5169: 5161: 5158:Stumpfwald Railway 5019: 4920:Rodalber Felsenweg 4798: 4701:the eponymous town 4662:House of Leiningen 4554: 4544: 4511:northern damselfly 4418: 4124: 4120:Orange peel fungus 4040: 3800:Settlement history 3755: 3625:Gräfenstein Castle 3597:Palatine Watershed 3404: 3339:in the northeast. 3295: 3224: 2683:Krummer Ellenbogen 2299:, followed by the 2281: 2181:region around the 2160: 2114:and table rocks ( 2088: 1946:Voltzien sandstone 1894: 1837: 1736: 1582: 1570: 1503: 1404:structural changes 1400: 1315: 1235:abandoned villages 1155: 1048:Schengen Agreement 1034:So while the term 1000:Pfälzerwald-Verein 984:Kingdom of Bavaria 859:Diemerstein Forest 812: 240: 7317:Palatinate Forest 7298:49.29250; 7.87667 7272: 7271: 7177:Thuringian Forest 7022:Rothaar Mountains 6871:Lauensteiner Kopf 6806:Hildesheim Forest 6746:Franconian Forest 6711:Fichtel Mountains 6520: 6519: 6480:Thuringian Forest 6445:Palatinate Forest 5895:Heinz Ellenberg. 5833:und sein Panorama 5645:Various authors: 5459:observation tower 5411:Pfälzer Waldsteig 5350:Friends of Nature 5333:Dahner Felsenland 5133:Villa Ludwigshöhe 5032:Natural monuments 5006: 5005: 4998: 4924:Dahner Felsenpfad 4880:Dahner Felsenland 4873:peregrine falcons 4834:biosphere reserve 4787: 4786: 4779: 4727:Natural monuments 4660:The lords of the 4601:Villa Ludwigshöhe 4446:narrow-headed ant 4296:plant communities 4292: 4291: 4284: 4025:biosphere reserve 3981: 3980: 3831:Current situation 3804:forest management 3605:Sickingen Heights 3559:Salzbach (Lauter) 3413:(1151.5 km) 3206: 3205: 3202: 3189: 3168: 3145: 3134: 3121: 3105: 3089: 3073: 3055: 3044: 3028: 3015: 2996:Hoher Stoppelkopf 2992: 2969: 2958: 2943: 2934:Großer Mückenkopf 2930: 2917: 2901: 2880: 2866: 2850: 2834: 2797: 2783: 2763: 2749: 2721: 2710: 2695: 2679: 2663: 2629: 2613: 2590: 2560: 2546: 2528:Bobenthaler Knopf 2515: 2492: 2481: 2468: 2424: 2410: 2377:Otterberg Forest 2369:or German Wasgau 2242:Hoher Stoppelkopf 2173:(also called the 2031: 2030: 2023: 1891:Dahner Felsenland 1816:Quaternary period 1784:the formation of 1689:Germanic Triassic 1620:Transition areas 1590:biosphere reserve 1554:Biosphere reserve 1454:ecological status 1435:induced migration 1412:transport systems 1343:clustered village 1319:Thirty Years' War 1163:Early Middle Ages 1161:conquests in the 1122: 1121: 1114: 911:Dahner Felsenland 831: 830:(Sembach Plateax) 816:Palatinate Forest 479: 478: 471: 342:German Wine Route 284:Upper Rhine Plain 173:, located in the 133:Palatinate Forest 129: 128: 33:Palatinate Forest 16:(Redirected from 7354: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7299: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7282: 7267: 7104:Zittau Mountains 7034:Saalhausen Hills 6890:Kaufungen Forest 6699:Elster Mountains 6547: 6540: 6533: 6524: 6523: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6383: 6382: 6364: 6361: 6355: 6351: 6345: 6335: 6329: 6324: 6318: 6313: 6307: 6302:Emil Knöringer: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6274: 6268: 6257: 6251: 6240: 6234: 6223: 6217: 6208:Norbert Hailer: 6206: 6200: 6193: 6187: 6180: 6167: 6156: 6150: 6141: 6132: 6121: 6115: 6106: 6100: 6094: 6088: 6077: 6071: 6059: 6053: 6046: 6040: 6033: 6027: 6016: 6010: 6007:Pollichia-Kurier 5991: 5985: 5979: 5973: 5964:Michael Geiger: 5962: 5956: 5941: 5935: 5927: 5921: 5910: 5904: 5893: 5887: 5876: 5870: 5861:Michael Geiger: 5859: 5853: 5842: 5836: 5825: 5819: 5812: 5803: 5798:Daniel Häberle: 5796: 5790: 5783: 5777: 5766: 5760: 5754: 5748: 5735: 5729: 5722: 5716: 5707: 5701: 5691: 5685: 5676: 5670: 5643: 5637: 5627: 5621: 5614: 5592: 5587: 5586: 5578: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5256:Aerial cableways 5052:La Petite-Pierre 5001: 4994: 4990: 4987: 4981: 4958: 4950: 4908:Altschlossfelsen 4782: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4762: 4739: 4731: 4597:Hambach Festival 4582:Reichskleinodien 4578:Imperial Regalia 4461:. These include 4383:peregrine falcon 4371:black woodpecker 4357:, including the 4344:European wildcat 4287: 4280: 4276: 4273: 4267: 4244: 4236: 4202:marsh willowherb 4186:marsh cinquefoil 4170:German greenweed 4111:Other vegetation 4073:Vosges Mountains 3835: 3834: 3652:Haardt sandstone 3552:(382.3 km) 3500:(271.2 km) 3477:(595.8 km) 3451:Eisbach/Eckbach 3232:U-shaped valleys 3228:V-shaped valleys 3214:General features 3198: 3182: 3165:Hermersbergerhof 3161: 3141: 3130: 3114: 3098: 3082: 3069: 3051: 3037: 3024: 3008: 2985: 2965: 2961:Großer Ohligkopf 2954: 2939: 2926: 2910: 2894: 2873: 2859: 2843: 2827: 2790: 2779: 2756: 2742: 2717: 2706: 2688: 2672: 2659: 2622: 2606: 2583: 2553: 2542: 2513: 2491:Schneckenhausen) 2488: 2477: 2461: 2417: 2403: 2356: 2331:Tabular overview 2203:Hermersbergerhof 2120:Altschlossfelsen 2074:General features 2052: 2026: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2006: 1983: 1975: 1868:erosion surfaces 1655:bunter sandstone 1287:charcoal burners 1265:for cattle) and 1247:overexploitation 1215:Late Middle Ages 1134:(about 600 AD). 1132:Migration Period 1117: 1110: 1106: 1103: 1097: 1074: 1066: 992:bunter sandstone 829: 790:bunter sandstone 756:Hinterweidenthal 745: 731: 705: 691: 663:, the so-called 647: 635: 616: 600: 559: 543: 524: 506: 474: 467: 463: 460: 454: 423: 415: 320: 313:, including the 296:Westrich Plateau 207:Vosges Mountains 190: 177:in the state of 169:in southwestern 160: 159: 158: 152: 140: 125: 122: 120: 74: 65: 64: 56: 49: 48: 40: 30: 29: 21: 7362: 7361: 7357: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7352: 7351: 7307: 7306: 7297: 7295: 7291: 7288: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7268: 7259: 7182:Großer Beerberg 7158:Großer Feldberg 6998:Palatine Forest 6938:Lenne Mountains 6758:Franconian Jura 6602:Bavarian Forest 6591:Bohemian Forest 6557: 6554:Central Uplands 6551: 6521: 6516: 6513:Flag of Germany 6504: 6416: 6410: 6373: 6368: 6367: 6362: 6358: 6352: 6348: 6336: 6332: 6325: 6321: 6314: 6310: 6301: 6297: 6289: 6285: 6275: 6271: 6259:Wilhelm Weber: 6258: 6254: 6242:Günter Preuss: 6241: 6237: 6225:Günter Preuss: 6224: 6220: 6207: 6203: 6194: 6190: 6181: 6170: 6157: 6153: 6142: 6135: 6122: 6118: 6107: 6103: 6095: 6091: 6078: 6074: 6060: 6056: 6047: 6043: 6035:Roland Walter: 6034: 6030: 6017: 6013: 6003:Wayback Machine 5992: 5988: 5980: 5976: 5963: 5959: 5943:Jürgen Müller: 5942: 5938: 5928: 5924: 5912:Hanni Mädrich: 5911: 5907: 5894: 5890: 5877: 5873: 5860: 5856: 5843: 5839: 5827:Winfried Lang. 5826: 5822: 5813: 5806: 5797: 5793: 5785:Winfried Lang: 5784: 5780: 5767: 5763: 5755: 5751: 5736: 5732: 5723: 5719: 5708: 5704: 5700:) (pdf; 250 kB) 5692: 5688: 5677: 5673: 5657: 5644: 5640: 5628: 5624: 5615: 5611: 5606: 5588: 5581: 5574: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5520: 5492: 5490:Rock formations 5439: 5431: 5364: 5358: 5341: 5286: 5258: 5242: 5150: 5064: 5036:Biosphere House 5011: 5002: 4991: 4985: 4982: 4971: 4959: 4948: 4896:Bride and Groom 4783: 4772: 4766: 4763: 4752: 4740: 4729: 4697:castles of Dahn 4690:Elmstein valley 4619:Hans von Trotha 4558:imperial castle 4528: 4519: 4288: 4277: 4271: 4268: 4257: 4245: 4234: 4222:alder buckthorn 4176:, and the rare 4144:wavy hair-grass 4136:white wood-rush 4132:great wood-rush 4113: 4047:beech it is an 3839: 3833: 3743: 3735: 3730: 3706:explosive phase 3694: 3688: 3660: 3654: 3649: 3601:drainage divide 3569:(805.5 km) 3544:(119.2 km) 3538:(109.1 km) 3532:(130.2 km) 3483:(119.3 km) 3471:(294.9 km) 3463:(217.8 km) 3448:(246.4 km) 3442:(327.7 km) 3436:(275.6 km) 3428:(188.2 km) 3419:(116.2 km) 3345: 3283: 3275:contact springs 3271:spring horizons 3250: 3216: 3211: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3175:(516.5 m) 3174: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3152:(516.0 m) 3151: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3072:Wilgartswiesen) 3071: 3068: 3066: 3062:(554.0 m) 3061: 3054:Drehentalerhof) 3053: 3050: 3048: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3010: 3007: 3005: 2999:(566.2 m) 2998: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2976:(581.2 m) 2975: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2905:Großer Adelberg 2896: 2893: 2891: 2887:(597.6 m) 2886: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2817: 2811:(570.2 m) 2810: 2804:(613.2 m) 2803: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2770:(513.0 m) 2769: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2752:Schlüsselfelsen 2744: 2741: 2739: 2734: 2728:(618.7 m) 2727: 2720:Drehentalerhof) 2719: 2716: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2650:(606.2 m) 2649: 2643:(635.3 m) 2642: 2636:(394.0 m) 2635: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2597:(551.9 m) 2596: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2574:(608.3 m) 2573: 2567:(637.0 m) 2566: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2530: 2524:(570.9 m) 2523: 2517:(613.6 m) 2516: 2512: 2506:(609.9 m) 2505: 2499:(661.8 m) 2498: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2452:(576.8 m) 2451: 2445:(617.8 m) 2444: 2437: 2431:(672.6 m) 2430: 2421:Schneckenhausen 2419: 2416: 2414: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2390: 2368: 2360: 2351:sea level (NHN) 2339: 2333: 2148: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2058: 2053: 2036: 2027: 2016: 2010: 2007: 1996: 1984: 1973: 1880: 1852: 1829: 1824: 1808: 1722: 1676: 1671: 1651: 1562: 1556: 1489: 1483: 1473:and, later the 1466: 1389: 1303: 1211: 1140: 1127: 1118: 1107: 1101: 1098: 1087: 1075: 1064: 976: 971: 954:Southern Wasgau 865:Leininger Sporn 771: 765: 758: 746: 737: 732: 723: 706: 697: 692: 654: 648: 639: 636: 627: 617: 608: 601: 566: 560: 551: 544: 535: 525: 516: 507: 475: 464: 458: 455: 440: 424: 413: 405:Burgundian Gate 377:Zaberner Steige 353:Landstuhl Bruch 318: 304: 268:Burgundian Gate 232: 227: 186: 163:Palatine Forest 154: 153: 136: 117: 77: 61:Palatine German 58: 51: 50: 42: 35: 34: 28: 23: 22: 18:Palatine Forest 15: 12: 11: 5: 7360: 7350: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7270: 7269: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7245: 7233: 7221: 7209: 7197: 7185: 7173: 7161: 7149: 7125: 7113: 7078: 7066: 7054: 7042: 7030: 7018: 7006: 6994: 6982: 6970: 6958: 6946: 6934: 6922: 6910: 6898: 6886: 6874: 6862: 6838: 6835:Kasseler Kuppe 6826: 6814: 6802: 6790: 6782:Goshawk Forest 6778: 6766: 6754: 6742: 6707: 6695: 6683: 6671: 6662:Volcanic Eifel 6647: 6639:Egge Mountains 6635: 6627:Ebbe Mountains 6623: 6611: 6587: 6575: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6550: 6549: 6542: 6535: 6527: 6518: 6517: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6450:Rhön Mountains 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6409: 6408: 6401: 6394: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6372: 6371:External links 6369: 6366: 6365: 6356: 6346: 6330: 6319: 6308: 6295: 6283: 6269: 6252: 6235: 6218: 6201: 6188: 6168: 6151: 6133: 6116: 6101: 6089: 6072: 6054: 6041: 6028: 6011: 5986: 5974: 5957: 5955:, 17 Jan 2009. 5953:Ihr Wochenende 5949:Die Rheinpfalz 5936: 5922: 5905: 5888: 5871: 5854: 5837: 5820: 5804: 5791: 5778: 5761: 5749: 5730: 5726:Elmstein Fault 5717: 5702: 5686: 5671: 5669: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5638: 5622: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5579: 5576:Germany portal 5563: 5560: 5519: 5516: 5491: 5488: 5483:Luitpold Tower 5455:Bismarck Tower 5438: 5437:Viewing towers 5435: 5430: 5429:Viewing points 5427: 5360:Main article: 5357: 5356:Walking routes 5354: 5340: 5337: 5319:mountainbiking 5297:Pferchfeldturm 5285: 5282: 5257: 5254: 5241: 5240:Wildlife parks 5238: 5149: 5146: 5063: 5060: 5010: 5007: 5004: 5003: 4962: 4960: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4888:Jungfernsprung 4785: 4784: 4743: 4741: 4734: 4728: 4725: 4720:Lemberg Castle 4655:Wilgartswiesen 4593:Hambach Castle 4574:Blondel legend 4551:Hambach Castle 4527: 4524: 4518: 4515: 4505:, such as the 4501:may be found. 4290: 4289: 4248: 4246: 4239: 4233: 4230: 4206:marsh marigold 4112: 4109: 4093:sweet chestnut 4081:alder woodland 4079:and the rarer 4053:forest history 3979: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3951:Sweet chestnut 3947: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3840:by percentage 3832: 3829: 3825:mixed woodland 3742: 3741:Forest history 3739: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3710:Sprengtrichter 3690:Main article: 3687: 3684: 3664:Bad Bergzabern 3656:Main article: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3578: 3577: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3561:(52.4 km) 3556: 3547: 3546: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3515:(49.8 km) 3510: 3507: 3506:(59.3 km) 3495: 3494: 3493: 3492:(84.1 km) 3487: 3484: 3481:Hochspeyerbach 3472: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3429: 3423: 3420: 3344: 3341: 3321:timber rafting 3282: 3279: 3249: 3246: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3196:(472.1 m) 3190: 3180:(476.7 m) 3176: 3169: 3159:(540.1 m) 3153: 3146: 3139:(368.9 m) 3135: 3128:(377.1 m) 3123: 3122: 3112:(475.8 m) 3106: 3096:(491.1 m) 3090: 3080:(564.1 m) 3074: 3067:(552.0 m) 3063: 3056: 3049:(370.0 m) 3047:Einsiedlerberg 3045: 3035:(384.0 m) 3030: 3029: 3022:(480.8 m) 3016: 3006:(498.0 m) 3000: 2993: 2989:Wilgartswiesen 2983:(553.3 m) 2977: 2970: 2963:(377.6 m) 2959: 2952:(397.0 m) 2945: 2944: 2937:(484.9 m) 2931: 2924:(512.7 m) 2918: 2908:(567.4 m) 2902: 2892:(558.9 m) 2888: 2881: 2871:(378.9 m) 2869:Gersweilerkopf 2867: 2857:(400.6 m) 2852: 2851: 2847:Klingenmünster 2841:(503.7 m) 2835: 2825:(515.0 m) 2819: 2812: 2805: 2798: 2788:(388.6 m) 2784: 2777:(402.0 m) 2772: 2771: 2764: 2754:(524.0 m) 2750: 2740:(581.3 m) 2736: 2729: 2722: 2715:(389.2 m) 2711: 2704:(443.6 m) 2697: 2696: 2686:(514.7 m) 2680: 2670:(533.1 m) 2664: 2657:(607.1 m) 2651: 2644: 2637: 2630: 2620:(446.2 m) 2615: 2614: 2598: 2591: 2581:(608.3 m) 2575: 2568: 2561: 2551:(399.6 m) 2547: 2540:(460.6 m) 2533: 2532: 2531:(53.9 m) 2525: 2518: 2507: 2500: 2493: 2486:(401.0 m) 2482: 2475:(484.0 m) 2470: 2469: 2459:(560.5 m) 2453: 2446: 2439: 2432: 2425: 2415:(419.6 m) 2411: 2401:(491.5 m) 2396: 2395: 2394:other regions 2392: 2387: 2386:other regions 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2370: 2365: 2362: 2335:Main article: 2332: 2329: 2305:Bad Bergzabern 2230:Hochspeyerbach 2147: 2144: 2112:natural arches 2104:rock pinnacles 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2055: 2054: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2028: 1987: 1985: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1917:Middle Bunter 1915: 1914: 1913: 1879: 1876: 1851: 1848: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1792: 1782: 1779: 1742:period of the 1721: 1718: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1650: 1647: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1628: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1558:Main article: 1555: 1552: 1507:Alfred Toepfer 1485:Main article: 1482: 1479: 1465: 1462: 1420:infrastructure 1388: 1385: 1369:Ludwig Railway 1339:Frankish house 1302: 1299: 1255:sustainability 1210: 1207: 1203:Trifels Castle 1147:Trifels Castle 1139: 1136: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1078: 1076: 1069: 1063: 1060: 975: 972: 970: 967: 966: 965: 964: 963: 962: 961: 951: 950: 949: 948:Lembach Graben 946: 940: 932:Eastern Wasgau 929: 928: 927: 924: 923: 922: 919: 913:(up to 577 m) 908: 902: 901: 900: 896:(up to 513 m) 894:Western Wasgau 886: 885: 884: 878: 877:; up to 610 m) 868: 862: 850: 849: 848: 838: 832: 827: 779:Col de Saverne 775:natural region 767:Main article: 764: 761: 760: 759: 747: 740: 738: 735:Altdahn Castle 733: 726: 724: 707: 700: 698: 693: 686: 683: 682: 656: 655: 649: 642: 640: 637: 630: 628: 618: 611: 609: 603:Highest peak: 602: 595: 592: 591: 577:Kaiserslautern 568: 567: 561: 554: 552: 548:Höningen Abbey 545: 538: 536: 526: 519: 517: 508: 501: 498: 497: 491:Kaiserslautern 477: 476: 427: 425: 418: 412: 409: 381:Vosges du Nord 334:Palatine wines 327:Kaiserslautern 303: 300: 252:central upland 231: 228: 226: 223: 127: 126: 115: 111: 110: 107: 103: 102: 101:Administration 98: 97: 88: 84: 83: 79: 78: 75: 67: 66: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7359: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7305: 7302: 7266: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7250: 7246: 7244: 7243: 7239: 7238: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7227: 7226: 7222: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7214: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7203: 7202: 7198: 7196: 7195: 7191: 7190: 7186: 7184: 7183: 7179: 7178: 7174: 7172: 7171: 7167: 7166: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7155: 7154: 7150: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7141: 7136: 7135: 7131: 7130: 7126: 7124: 7123: 7119: 7118: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7109:Lausche (Luž) 7106: 7105: 7100: 7099: 7098:Lausche (Luž) 7095: 7094: 7089: 7088: 7087:Lausche (Luž) 7084: 7083: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7072: 7071: 7067: 7065: 7064: 7060: 7059: 7055: 7053: 7052: 7051:Großer Ölberg 7048: 7047: 7046:Siebengebirge 7043: 7041: 7040: 7036: 7035: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7024: 7023: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7012: 7011: 7007: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6999: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6988: 6987: 6986:Ore Mountains 6983: 6981: 6980: 6976: 6975: 6971: 6969: 6968: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6952: 6951: 6950:Lippe Uplands 6947: 6945: 6944: 6940: 6939: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6928: 6927: 6923: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6915: 6911: 6909: 6908: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6892: 6891: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6867: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6848: 6844: 6843: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6832: 6831: 6830:Hoher Meißner 6827: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6819: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6808: 6807: 6803: 6801: 6800: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6784: 6783: 6779: 6777: 6776: 6772: 6771: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6760: 6759: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6743: 6740: 6739: 6735: 6734: 6729: 6728: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6712: 6708: 6706: 6705: 6701: 6700: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6664: 6663: 6658: 6657: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6634: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6624: 6622: 6621: 6617: 6616: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6597: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6580: 6576: 6574: 6573: 6569: 6568: 6564: 6563: 6560: 6555: 6548: 6543: 6541: 6536: 6534: 6529: 6528: 6525: 6511: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6485:Upper Lusatia 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6419: 6414: 6407: 6402: 6400: 6395: 6393: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6360: 6350: 6343: 6339: 6334: 6328: 6323: 6317: 6312: 6305: 6299: 6292: 6287: 6280: 6279: 6273: 6266: 6262: 6256: 6249: 6245: 6239: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6198: 6192: 6185: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6147: 6140: 6138: 6130: 6126: 6120: 6113: 6112: 6105: 6098: 6093: 6086: 6082: 6076: 6069: 6065: 6064: 6058: 6051: 6045: 6038: 6032: 6025: 6021: 6015: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5990: 5983: 5978: 5971: 5967: 5961: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5933: 5932: 5926: 5919: 5915: 5909: 5902: 5898: 5892: 5885: 5881: 5878:Roland Paul. 5875: 5868: 5864: 5858: 5851: 5847: 5841: 5834: 5832: 5824: 5817: 5811: 5809: 5801: 5795: 5788: 5782: 5775: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5753: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5734: 5727: 5721: 5715: 5713: 5706: 5699: 5695: 5690: 5684: 5682: 5675: 5666: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5656: 5655:Online-Karten 5652: 5650: 5642: 5635: 5633: 5626: 5619: 5613: 5609: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5591: 5585: 5580: 5577: 5566: 5559: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5487: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5451:Eckkopf Tower 5443: 5434: 5426: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5383: 5377: 5376:Lambertskreuz 5373: 5368: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5347: 5336: 5334: 5331:rocks in the 5330: 5326: 5322: 5320: 5316: 5313:In 2005, the 5311: 5309: 5305: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5281: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5250:Kurpfalz Park 5247: 5237: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5210: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5183: 5179:, a heritage 5178: 5174: 5165: 5159: 5154: 5145: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5129: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5114: 5112: 5111:Salian Empire 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5087: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5072: 5070: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5048:treetop trail 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5028:Johanniskreuz 5025: 5015: 5000: 4997: 4989: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4963:This section 4961: 4957: 4952: 4951: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4916:themed trails 4912: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4884:Devil's Table 4881: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4861:Geomorphology 4858: 4853: 4851: 4850:Obersteinbach 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4810:Johanniskreuz 4807: 4803: 4796: 4795:Devil's Table 4791: 4781: 4778: 4770: 4760: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4744:This section 4742: 4738: 4733: 4732: 4724: 4721: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4658: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4552: 4548: 4542:in the Wasgau 4541: 4537: 4534:The occupied 4532: 4523: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4467:brook lamprey 4464: 4460: 4454: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4415: 4410: 4406: 4404: 4403:Böhämmer-Jagd 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4349: 4348:Eurasian lynx 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4286: 4283: 4275: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4249:This section 4247: 4243: 4238: 4237: 4229: 4227: 4226:marsh meadows 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4121: 4117: 4108: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4057:Waldleiningen 4054: 4050: 4049:autochthonous 4045: 4036: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4005:Johanniskreuz 4002: 3998: 3993: 3991: 3986: 3968: 3965: 3964: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3936: 3933: 3932: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3888: 3885: 3884: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3837: 3836: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3817:Weymouth pine 3814: 3810: 3805: 3801: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3747: 3738: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3692:Pechsteinkopf 3683: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3659: 3644: 3642: 3639:southeast of 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3609:Johanniskreuz 3606: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3575: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3519: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3434:(Wald-)Lauter 3432: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3407: 3400: 3396: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3287: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3229: 3220: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3177: 3173: 3170: 3166: 3157: 3154: 3150: 3147: 3136: 3125: 3124: 3119: 3110: 3107: 3103: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3078: 3075: 3070:(northwest of 3064: 3060: 3057: 3052:(northeast of 3046: 3042: 3032: 3031: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2981: 2978: 2974: 2971: 2960: 2950: 2947: 2946: 2935: 2932: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2868: 2864: 2854: 2853: 2848: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2823: 2820: 2818:(571 m) 2816: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2785: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2767:Großer Eyberg 2765: 2761: 2751: 2747: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2718:(northwest of 2712: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2693: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2668: 2665: 2662:Sankt Martin) 2655: 2652: 2648: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2602: 2601:Schletterberg 2599: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2548: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2483: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2412: 2408: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2385: 2383:Frankenweide 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2309:Großer Eyberg 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2195:Johanniskreuz 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2157: 2152: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2116:Devil's Table 2113: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2085: 2080: 2062: 2057: 2051: 2044: 2042: 2025: 2022: 2014: 2004: 2000: 1994: 1993: 1988:This section 1986: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1971:Geomorphology 1963: 1959: 1958:clay minerals 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1942: 1941:Upper Bunter 1940: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1898: 1897:Lower Bunter 1896: 1895: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1833: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1752:Earth's crust 1749: 1745: 1741: 1734: 1730: 1729:Cross-bedding 1726: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1646: 1644: 1638: 1636: 1626: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1614: 1613: 1612:Buffer zones 1611: 1606: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1579: 1574: 1566: 1561: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1537:mixed forests 1534: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1516: 1510: 1508: 1500: 1499: 1493: 1488: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1427:globalization 1423: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1398: 1393: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1312: 1307: 1298: 1296: 1295:resin burners 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1135: 1133: 1116: 1113: 1105: 1095: 1091: 1085: 1084: 1079:This section 1077: 1073: 1068: 1067: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1030: 1027:, later also 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1004: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 988:Johanniskreuz 985: 981: 959: 955: 952: 947: 945:(up to 529 m) 944: 941: 939:(up to 562 m) 938: 935: 934: 933: 930: 925: 920: 918: 915: 914: 912: 909: 906: 905: 903: 898: 897: 895: 892: 891: 890: 887: 883:(up to 673 m) 882: 879: 876: 872: 869: 867:(up to 516 m) 866: 863: 860: 857: 856: 854: 851: 846: 842: 839: 836: 833: 828: 825: 824: 823: 819: 818: 817: 814: 813: 808: 804: 801: 799: 795: 791: 786: 784: 780: 776: 770: 757: 753: 752: 744: 739: 736: 730: 725: 722: 721:rock climbers 718: 714: 711: 704: 699: 696: 690: 685: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 667: 662: 658: 657: 653: 652:motorcyclists 646: 641: 634: 629: 626: 622: 615: 610: 606: 599: 594: 593: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 569: 565: 558: 553: 549: 542: 537: 534: 530: 523: 518: 515: 511: 505: 500: 499: 496: 495:Bad Duerkheim 492: 488: 484: 483: 482: 473: 470: 462: 452: 448: 444: 438: 437: 433: 428:This section 426: 422: 417: 416: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 373: 371: 367: 362: 356: 354: 350: 345: 343: 339: 335: 330: 328: 324: 316: 312: 307: 299: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 270:(on the line 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 246:south of the 245: 236: 222: 220: 216: 213:it forms the 212: 208: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 157: 151: 147: 143: 139: 134: 124: 121:.pfaelzerwald 116: 112: 108: 104: 99: 96: 92: 89: 85: 80: 73: 68: 62: 55: 46: 39: 31: 19: 7274: 7252: 7249:Wiehen Hills 7247: 7240: 7235: 7228: 7223: 7216: 7211: 7204: 7199: 7192: 7187: 7180: 7175: 7168: 7163: 7156: 7151: 7145:Hoher Randen 7143: 7138: 7132: 7129:Swabian Jura 7127: 7120: 7115: 7107: 7102: 7096: 7091: 7085: 7080: 7073: 7068: 7061: 7056: 7049: 7044: 7037: 7032: 7025: 7020: 7013: 7008: 7001: 6996: 6989: 6984: 6979:Katzenbuckel 6977: 6972: 6965: 6960: 6953: 6948: 6941: 6936: 6929: 6924: 6917: 6912: 6905: 6900: 6893: 6888: 6881: 6876: 6869: 6864: 6856: 6851: 6845: 6840: 6833: 6828: 6821: 6816: 6809: 6804: 6797: 6792: 6785: 6780: 6773: 6768: 6761: 6756: 6749: 6744: 6736: 6731: 6725: 6720: 6714: 6709: 6704:Kapellenberg 6702: 6697: 6692:Eilumer Horn 6690: 6685: 6678: 6673: 6665: 6660: 6654: 6649: 6642: 6637: 6630: 6625: 6618: 6613: 6607:Großer Arber 6605: 6600: 6596:Großer Arber 6594: 6589: 6582: 6579:Black Forest 6577: 6570: 6565: 6475:Swabian Jura 6444: 6430:Black Forest 6359: 6349: 6341: 6333: 6322: 6311: 6303: 6298: 6286: 6277: 6272: 6264: 6260: 6255: 6247: 6243: 6238: 6230: 6226: 6221: 6213: 6209: 6204: 6196: 6191: 6182:Geo-Portal: 6163: 6159: 6154: 6145: 6128: 6124: 6119: 6110: 6104: 6092: 6084: 6080: 6075: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6049: 6044: 6036: 6031: 6023: 6019: 6014: 6006: 5994: 5989: 5977: 5969: 5965: 5960: 5952: 5944: 5939: 5930: 5925: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5896: 5891: 5883: 5879: 5874: 5866: 5862: 5857: 5849: 5845: 5840: 5831:Luitpoldturm 5828: 5823: 5815: 5799: 5794: 5786: 5781: 5773: 5769: 5764: 5752: 5733: 5720: 5711: 5705: 5697: 5689: 5680: 5674: 5646: 5641: 5630: 5625: 5617: 5612: 5590:Trees portal 5540:Scharfenberg 5521: 5504:Albersweiler 5493: 5448: 5432: 5423:Club Vosgien 5422: 5414: 5410: 5402: 5398: 5395:themed walks 5390: 5384: 5380: 5342: 5323: 5312: 5301: 5296: 5278:Teufelsstein 5262:Rietburgbahn 5259: 5243: 5226: 5217: 5211: 5199: 5180: 5170: 5136: 5130: 5115: 5094: 5088: 5079: 5073: 5068: 5065: 5020: 4992: 4983: 4972:Please help 4967:verification 4964: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4913: 4877: 4854: 4842:Stürzelbronn 4827: 4799: 4773: 4764: 4753:Please help 4748:verification 4745: 4717: 4694: 4670:Neuleiningen 4666:Altleiningen 4659: 4651:Wilgartaburg 4631:rock castles 4622: 4609: 4590: 4581: 4555: 4540:Berwartstein 4520: 4497:und various 4475:spined loach 4455: 4419: 4402: 4391:capercaillie 4387:hazel grouse 4352: 4293: 4278: 4269: 4258:Please help 4253:verification 4250: 4218:eared willow 4194:bog pondweed 4164: 4125: 4089: 4065: 4041: 3999:rather than 3994: 3982: 3796: 3756: 3736: 3709: 3695: 3661: 3636: 3632: 3594: 3579: 3405: 3360: 3346: 3324: 3312: 3306: 3296: 3267:fissure flow 3251: 3241: 3235: 3225: 3133:Sippersfeld) 3126:Pfrimmerberg 3019:Stäffelsberg 2929:Leinsweiler) 2838:Treutelsberg 2801:Blättersberg 2775:Schorlenberg 2633:Queitersberg 2587:Sankt Martin 2578:Morschenberg 2537:Kieskautberg 2399:Leuchtenberg 2340: 2282: 2253: 2245: 2227: 2179:Frankenweide 2174: 2164: 2161: 2101: 2092: 2089: 2084:Lämmerfelsen 2083: 2037: 2017: 2008: 1997:Please help 1992:verification 1989: 1929: 1881: 1853: 1838: 1809: 1796:fault blocks 1765: 1737: 1696: 1692: 1685:Rotliegendes 1677: 1652: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1598: 1583: 1577: 1543: 1541: 1533:monocultures 1523: 1519: 1511: 1504: 1496: 1467: 1443: 1431:unemployment 1424: 1401: 1381:Ludwigshafen 1348:Haufendörfer 1346: 1316: 1267:wood pasture 1212: 1199:Hohenstaufen 1181:such as the 1156: 1128: 1108: 1099: 1088:Please help 1083:verification 1080: 1043: 1035: 1033: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1005: 999: 979: 977: 953: 931: 916: 893: 875:Frankenweide 870: 852: 844: 841:Queitersberg 821: 815: 802: 787: 772: 763:Subdivisions 751:Teufelstisch 749: 664: 660: 607:(673 m) 581:Bad Dürkheim 572: 514:Bad Dürkheim 512:Castle near 486: 480: 465: 456: 441:Please help 429: 397:Black Forest 384: 380: 374: 357: 346: 331: 323:Rotliegendes 319:686.5 m 308: 305: 241: 217:-designated 204: 162: 132: 130: 7296: / 7225:Weser Hills 7206:Kreuzfelsen 7063:Große Blöße 7015:Wasserkuppe 6991:Fichtelberg 6967:Donnersberg 6907:Wüstegarten 6878:Kaiserstuhl 6858:Ellerspring 6823:Bloße Zelle 6572:Einödriegel 6440:Middle Elbe 5544:Lindelbrunn 5522:Whilst the 5496:Drachenfels 5475:Schindhübel 5471:Steigerkopf 5419:Vosges Club 5407:Heltersberg 4678:Gräfenstein 4635:Drachenfels 4536:rock castle 4503:Dragonflies 4479:stone loach 4463:brown trout 4434:butterflies 4340:pine marten 4214:grey willow 4210:meadowsweet 4156:Blueberries 4128:acidophilic 4099:) like the 4097:temperature 4029:wood veneer 4001:English oak 3997:sessile oak 3935:Douglas fir 3821:Douglas fir 3700:), so that 3668:Frankweiler 3521:Michelsbach 3422:Schwarzbach 3411:Schwarzbach 3365:Schwarzbach 3329:Gelterswoog 3317:impoundment 3255:groundwater 3201:Eppenbrunn) 3162:(südwest of 3156:Spitze Boll 3102:Wieslautern 3065:Staufelkopf 3033:Klauserkopf 3027:Dörrenbach) 3003:Kappelstein 2884:Teufelsberg 2863:Sippersfeld 2815:Drachenfels 2732:Schindhübel 2676:Leinsweiler 2654:Rotsohlberg 2623:(südeast of 2610:Waldhambach 2554:(südwest of 2510:Steigerkopf 2489:(südeast of 2484:Andreasberg 2391:Felsenland 2374:Stumpfwald 2246:Stoppelkopf 2238:Drachenfels 2207:Schwarzbach 2171:Steigerkopf 2140:blockfields 2136:felsenmeers 1904:and little 1702:muschelkalk 1635:Stillezonen 1604:Core areas 1481:Nature park 1357:paper mills 1283:lumberjacks 1189:(1144) and 1179:monasteries 1167:Middle Ages 1044:Pfälzerwald 1025:Wasigenwald 980:Pfälzerwald 715:rocks near 550:(1120–1569) 403:. Only the 385:Nordvogesen 361:muschelkalk 338:Weinstrasse 315:Donnersberg 294:, e.g. the 292:muschelkalk 288:Donnersberg 202:(672.6 m). 183:nature park 146:Pfälzerwald 106:Established 38:Pfälzerwald 7311:Categories 7281:49°17′33″N 7242:Fuchskaute 7237:Westerwald 7213:Vogelsberg 7027:Langenberg 6931:Kulpenberg 6926:Kyffhäuser 6902:Kellerwald 6895:Hirschberg 6787:Hohes Gras 6763:Dürrenberg 6716:Schneeberg 6556:of Germany 6500:Wadden Sea 6415:in Germany 5951:, Beilage 5931:Exposition 5768:Kurt Reh: 5604:References 5558:section). 5548:Wegelnburg 5403:Brunnenweg 5268:hill near 5233:Nothweiler 5137:inter alia 5135:contains, 5030:(see also 4904:Asselstein 4869:Scots pine 4838:Eppenbrunn 4806:Trippstadt 4709:Grafendahn 4686:Erfenstein 4674:Hardenburg 4647:Falkenburg 4627:Wegelnburg 4623:Hans Trapp 4436:and other 4422:amphibians 4363:kingfisher 4160:cowberries 4152:royal fern 4140:pill sedge 4101:grape vine 4068:silver fir 4021:Eppenbrunn 4013:Weißenberg 3967:Silver fir 3733:Vegetation 3641:Eppenbrunn 3621:Hortenkopf 3555:Wieslauter 3486:Speyerbach 3475:Speyerbach 3361:Wieslauter 3349:Speyerbach 3333:Clausensee 3186:Schwanheim 3144:Erlenbach) 3118:Eppenbrunn 3093:Jüngstberg 3077:Almersberg 3012:Nothweiler 2980:Katzenkopf 2968:Otterberg) 2957:Alsenborn) 2942:Fischbach) 2921:Wetterberg 2898:Hofstätten 2890:Blosenberg 2782:Alsenborn) 2738:Hermeskopf 2709:Carlsberg) 2667:Förlenberg 2647:Hortenkopf 2618:Heidenberg 2545:Carlsberg) 2521:Wegelnburg 2514:(Schänzel) 2503:Weißenberg 2496:Kesselberg 2480:Carlsberg) 2465:Dörrenbach 2456:Hohe Derst 2413:Heidenkopf 2349:(m) above 2325:Eppenbrunn 2301:Hohe Derst 2297:Nothweiler 2293:Wegelnburg 2266:Deidesheim 2234:Speyerbach 2219:Wieslauter 2199:Hauenstein 2191:Hochspeyer 2187:Weißenberg 2097:Kesselberg 2093:Bergklötze 1954:carbonates 1872:Stumpfwald 1740:Palaeogene 1714:Cretaceous 1693:inter alia 1643:Wieslauter 1530:coniferous 1446:recreation 1397:Hauenstein 1227:The Plague 1185:abbeys of 1183:Cistercian 1157:After the 835:Stumpfwald 510:Hardenburg 302:Boundaries 266:) to the 256:Winnweiler 230:Topography 175:Palatinate 91:Palatinate 54:Pälzerwald 7284:7°52′36″E 7254:Heidbrink 7218:Taufstein 7170:Barnacken 7122:Hohe Egge 6955:Köterberg 6919:Eisenberg 6883:Totenkopf 6847:Erbeskopf 6811:Griesberg 6775:Angelburg 6751:Döbraberg 6722:Steinwald 6667:Ernstberg 6656:Hohe Acht 6632:Nordhelle 6470:Spreewald 6460:Schaalsee 5758:Madenburg 5744:valleys, 5500:Orensfels 5421:(French: 5329:sandstone 5270:Edenkoben 5191:Transport 5122:Pirmasens 5118:Dynamikum 5040:Fischbach 4986:June 2019 4892:Hochstein 4846:Fischbach 4767:June 2019 4682:Merzalben 4639:Busenberg 4615:Erlenbach 4584:) of the 4566:Annweiler 4442:wood ants 4399:chaffinch 4395:brambling 4379:stonechat 4316:wild boar 4306:like the 4272:June 2019 4148:deer fern 4017:Fischbach 3637:Erlenkopf 3617:Mosisberg 3542:Otterbach 3536:Erlenbach 3530:Klingbach 3525:Otterbach 3490:Modenbach 3393:Modenbach 3199:(south of 3193:Erlenkopf 3178:Wolfshorn 3109:Hohe List 3083:(north of 3038:(north of 3009:(south of 2986:(north of 2973:Orensberg 2940:(north of 2914:Annweiler 2911:(north of 2877:Erlenbach 2855:Bocksrück 2831:Fischbach 2828:(south of 2794:Otterberg 2791:(north of 2786:Bruchberg 2743:(north of 2725:Hohe Loog 2701:Hohe Bühl 2626:Alsenborn 2607:(north of 2594:Hohenberg 2549:Eulenkopf 2543:(south of 2478:(south of 2473:Steinkopf 2442:Schafkopf 2435:Mosisberg 2407:Carlsberg 2404:(south of 2359:Lower, or 2321:Erlenkopf 2317:Hohe List 2128:overhangs 2124:fractures 2086:near Dahn 2011:June 2019 1934:sediments 1856:sandstone 1822:Structure 1659:Zechstein 1548:Lambrecht 1515:log house 1361:Pirmasens 1353:New World 1335:Mennonite 1311:Bobenthal 1191:Eußerthal 1187:Otterberg 1102:June 2019 978:The name 713:sandstone 710:Hochstein 671:Pirmasens 585:Pirmasens 564:Eisenberg 459:June 2019 430:does not 411:Structure 401:Kraichgau 260:Börrstadt 225:Geography 188:‹See Tfd› 138:‹See Tfd› 82:Geography 7070:Spessart 6974:Odenwald 6853:Soonwald 6842:Hunsrück 6733:Kohlwald 6584:Feldberg 6435:Bliesgau 6160:Der Wald 5999:Archived 5901:Spessart 5562:See also 5524:Rietburg 5479:Eschkopf 5467:Schänzel 5463:Odenwald 5325:Climbers 5293:Climbers 5266:Rietburg 5182:Feldbahn 4940:climbers 4865:heathers 4802:Karlstal 4713:Tanstein 4649:and the 4633:include 4605:Ludwig I 4483:grayling 4450:antlions 4426:reptiles 4375:whinchat 4367:wheatear 4312:red deer 4308:roe deer 4190:bog bean 4182:bog arum 4009:Eschkopf 3990:woodrush 3751:Karlstal 3676:Leistadt 3647:Features 3613:Eschkopf 3567:Saarbach 3504:Wellbach 3389:Hainbach 3381:Saarbach 3299:wetlands 3183:(west of 3172:Rahnfels 3142:(east of 3137:Sulzberg 3131:(east of 3115:(east of 3099:(east of 3086:Rinnthal 3059:Weinbiet 3025:(west of 2966:(east of 2955:(east of 2927:(west of 2895:(west of 2874:(east of 2860:(west of 2844:(west of 2808:Bloskülb 2780:(east of 2757:(east of 2713:Backofen 2707:(west of 2689:(east of 2673:(west of 2660:(west of 2640:Hochberg 2584:(west of 2571:Eschkopf 2557:Potzbach 2462:(west of 2418:(east of 2307:and the 2270:Rahnfels 2258:Weinbiet 2254:Hausberg 2240:and the 2215:Merzalbe 2183:Eschkopf 2175:Schänzel 1962:Holzland 1922:Karlstal 1906:feldspar 1840:Gneisses 1744:Cenozoic 1710:Jurassic 1678:In the 1526:biotopes 1408:economic 1331:Huguenot 1173:and the 1171:nobility 1159:Frankish 1040:Alsatian 943:Hochwald 393:Odenwald 276:Ronchamp 264:Göllheim 87:Location 7134:Lemberg 7082:Sudetes 7058:Solling 7039:Himberg 6615:Deister 6009:2/2009. 5742:Eisbach 5556:Castles 5532:Trifels 5518:Castles 5469:on the 5339:Walking 5222:Ramberg 5107:Trifels 5062:Museums 5042:in the 4936:Walking 4857:Geology 4705:Altdahn 4688:in the 4613:, near 4562:Trifels 4526:Castles 4438:insects 4430:beetles 4328:polecat 4300:mammals 4166:Heather 4085:Climate 3759:ice age 3728:Biology 3718:volcano 3672:Hambach 3629:Lemberg 3582:Moselle 3513:Eisbach 3469:Isenach 3461:Eckbach 3455:Eisbach 3426:Moosalb 3385:Isenach 3383:or the 3377:Moselle 3337:Eiswoog 3291:Eiswoog 3263:fissure 3149:Eckkopf 2949:Eiskopf 2822:Maimont 2760:Schönau 2746:Ramberg 2564:Roßberg 2449:Rehberg 2380:Haardt 2289:Rehberg 2262:Eckkopf 2256:), the 2250:Isenach 2211:Moosalb 2061:Rehberg 2041:cuestas 1827:Bedrock 1812:Neogene 1790:troughs 1761:rifting 1680:Permian 1663:erosion 1649:Geology 1498:Rehberg 1450:leisure 1416:service 1365:railway 1291:rafters 1263:bedding 1259:foliage 1243:farming 1223:disease 1013:Vosegus 969:History 677:to the 529:Eiswoog 451:removed 436:sources 366:Lemberg 272:Belfort 171:Germany 165:, is a 114:Website 95:Germany 7153:Taunus 7140:Randen 7117:Süntel 7003:Kalmit 6943:Homert 6727:Platte 5947:. In: 5738:Queich 5536:Anebos 5526:above 5508:Wasgau 5308:trails 5304:hiking 5177:Ramsen 5103:Salian 5099:Speyer 5044:Wasgau 4890:, the 4830:Lauter 4517:Sights 4495:burbot 4471:minnow 4359:hoopoe 4332:weasel 4324:badger 4105:Haardt 4061:Bitche 3985:Haardt 3887:Spruce 3849:Trend 3809:spruce 3753:valley 3722:basalt 3680:Haardt 3658:Haardt 3599:, the 3550:Lauter 3509:Queich 3498:Queich 3446:Pfrimm 3440:Alsenz 3417:Rodalb 3391:, the 3357:Lauter 3355:, the 3353:Queich 3351:, the 3343:Rivers 3259:joints 3041:Ramsen 2428:Kalmit 2389:Wasgau 2347:metres 2315:. The 2223:Leimen 2167:Kalmit 2156:Kalmit 1902:quartz 1844:slates 1800:faults 1786:swells 1772:dogger 1756:mantle 1706:keuper 1697:bunter 1586:UNESCO 1327:Swabia 1279:potash 1251:forest 1231:famine 1229:) and 1225:(e.g. 1195:Salian 1175:church 1153:empire 1151:Salian 1056:UNESCO 1036:Wasgen 1029:Wasgau 1021:Wasgen 1017:Vosges 1009:Vosges 889:Wasgau 881:Haardt 783:Vosges 679:French 675:Landau 666:Wasgau 621:Haardt 605:Kalmit 589:Landau 533:Ramsen 389:Vosges 340:. The 248:French 244:Vosges 215:UNESCO 211:France 200:Kalmit 192:German 142:German 93:, 57: 45:German 41: 6914:Knüll 6651:Eifel 6620:Bröhn 6455:Rügen 6354:paths 6022:.In: 5528:Rhodt 5502:near 5405:near 5372:cairn 5220:) in 5189:(see 5097:) in 5038:near 4815:Flora 4699:near 4680:near 4653:near 4637:near 4564:near 4487:perch 4355:birds 4232:Fauna 4198:reeds 4174:broom 3919:Larch 3871:Beech 3846:2008 3843:1959 3813:larch 3791:beech 3787:beech 3775:hazel 3771:birch 3702:magma 3574:Moder 3369:Blies 3325:woogs 3313:woogs 3308:woogs 3242:woogs 2108:caves 1860:shale 1858:, of 1588:as a 1323:Tyrol 1275:glass 1239:sandy 958:Moder 527:Lake 370:Moder 7010:Rhön 6818:Hils 6794:Harz 6495:Vilm 5829:Der 5740:and 5538:and 5260:The 5200:The 5116:The 5089:The 5074:The 4900:Dahn 4859:and 4848:and 4800:The 4793:The 4711:and 4668:and 4491:pike 4477:and 4465:and 4459:fish 4424:and 4412:The 4397:and 4389:and 4377:and 4346:and 4336:bats 4314:and 4220:and 4208:and 4192:and 4172:and 4142:and 4066:The 4044:pine 4019:and 4011:and 3855:Pine 3819:and 3783:lime 3781:and 3769:and 3767:pine 3678:and 3670:and 3615:and 3595:The 3590:Glan 3586:Nahe 3375:and 3373:Saar 3359:(or 3303:bogs 3289:The 3261:and 3237:woog 2313:Dahn 2209:and 2193:via 2154:The 2138:and 2130:and 1956:and 1950:mica 1910:mica 1908:and 1864:marl 1862:and 1842:and 1788:and 1776:lias 1748:Alps 1495:The 1448:and 1433:and 1410:and 1377:BASF 1371:and 1333:and 1325:and 1277:and 1271:iron 974:Name 796:and 748:The 717:Dahn 708:The 659:The 619:The 571:The 485:The 434:any 432:cite 395:and 347:The 280:Lure 262:and 258:via 131:The 109:1998 6866:Ith 6687:Elm 5413:or 5231:in 5175:at 5120:in 5071:). 5026:in 4976:by 4757:by 4560:of 4538:of 4320:Fox 4262:by 3903:Oak 3891:11 3878:35 3875:28 3862:34 3859:44 3779:oak 2232:to 2197:to 2001:by 1379:at 1345:or 1261:as 1092:by 1054:by 1023:or 673:to 587:to 493:to 445:by 383:or 298:). 209:in 123:.de 119:www 7313:: 7112:)) 6730:, 6340:, 6171:^ 6136:^ 5807:^ 5534:, 5370:A 5335:. 5310:. 5209:) 4852:. 4844:, 4840:, 4825:) 4707:, 4692:. 4657:. 4645:, 4607:. 4493:, 4489:, 4485:, 4473:, 4432:, 4373:, 4369:, 4365:, 4361:, 4342:, 4338:, 4330:, 4326:, 4322:, 4318:. 4310:, 4216:, 4204:, 4200:, 4188:, 4184:, 4162:. 4138:, 4134:, 4007:, 3977:= 3974:1 3971:1 3961:= 3958:1 3955:1 3945:+ 3942:6 3939:2 3929:− 3926:3 3923:4 3913:+ 3910:9 3907:7 3897:− 3894:9 3881:+ 3865:− 3815:, 3811:, 3777:, 3666:, 3627:, 3371:, 3265:(" 2126:, 2122:, 2110:, 1964:). 1952:, 1774:, 1550:. 1539:. 1477:. 1293:, 1289:, 1285:, 1273:, 1058:. 531:, 329:. 221:. 194:: 144:: 7148:) 7137:( 7101:( 7090:( 6861:) 6850:( 6741:) 6719:( 6670:) 6659:( 6610:) 6599:( 6546:e 6539:t 6532:v 6405:e 6398:t 6391:v 6148:) 5903:. 5728:. 5714:) 5683:) 5651:. 5634:. 5216:( 5093:( 5078:( 4999:) 4993:( 4988:) 4984:( 4970:. 4780:) 4774:( 4769:) 4765:( 4751:. 4580:( 4285:) 4279:( 4274:) 4270:( 4256:. 3572:( 3523:/ 3188:) 3167:) 3120:) 3104:) 3088:) 3043:) 3014:) 2991:) 2916:) 2900:) 2879:) 2865:) 2849:) 2833:) 2796:) 2762:) 2748:) 2694:) 2678:) 2628:) 2612:) 2589:) 2559:) 2467:) 2423:) 2409:) 2244:( 2091:( 2024:) 2018:( 2013:) 2009:( 1995:. 1936:. 1580:) 1115:) 1109:( 1104:) 1100:( 1086:. 998:( 960:) 843:( 579:– 472:) 466:( 461:) 457:( 453:. 439:. 317:( 278:– 274:– 185:( 135:( 63:) 59:( 47:) 43:( 20:)

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