455:
289:
835:
762:
470:
404:
75:
423:
197:
50:
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31:
355:. It measures 55–72 cm (22–28 in) in length with a 142 to 170 cm (56 to 67 in) wingspan. Weight can vary from 0.96–2.1 kg (2.1–4.6 lb), with an average of 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) in males and 1.22 kg (2.7 lb) in females. Among standard measurements, the
363:
is 6.5 to 8.4 cm (2.6 to 3.3 in). Summer adults are unmistakable, since no other gull of this size has a black hood. The adults have grey wings and back, with conspicuous white "mirrors" at the wing tips. The legs are yellow and the bill is orangey-yellow with a red tip.
781:
1666:
543:
Pons, J.M.; Hassanin, A.; Crochet, P.A. (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the
Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers".
454:
331:
a recent review left a single occurrence in 1859 as the only acceptable record of this bird. The species also occurs as a vagrant in differing parts of the
1731:
1550:
347:
This is a very large gull, being easily the world's largest black-headed gull and the third largest species of gull in the world, after the
1837:
1857:
585:
1718:
1485:
1744:
1524:
403:
1783:
723:
698:
593:
1749:
1529:
579:
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1498:
673:
618:
1398:
1503:
1852:
1809:
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1710:
1692:
862:
751:
422:
469:
1847:
1770:
1537:
1622:
768:
371:
cry. Young birds attain largely grey upperparts quite rapidly, but they take four years to reach maturity.
367:
In all other plumages, a dark mask through the eye indicates the vestiges of the hood. The call is a deep
359:
is 43.5 to 52 cm (17.1 to 20.5 in), the bill is 4.7 to 7.3 cm (1.9 to 2.9 in) and the
74:
809:
521:
1814:
1425:
1037:
773:
380:
1801:
1074:
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348:
1736:
1640:
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1343:
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1762:
1007:
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169:
1568:
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1842:
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1407:
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970:
356:
1412:
742:
8:
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1325:
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855:
39:
834:
761:
498:
1433:
1210:
1165:
1119:
1084:
1012:
980:
935:
662:
383:. Although they are noisy at colonies, Pallas's gulls are mostly silent when breeding.
258:
species. As is the case with many gulls, it has traditionally been placed in the genus
224:
186:
69:
1653:
1563:
1446:
1195:
1190:
1185:
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1042:
1032:
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These birds are predatory, taking fish, crustaceans, insects and even small mammals.
360:
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875:
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410:
1438:
1697:
1608:
1154:
1140:
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611:
Field Guide to the Birds of East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi
126:
1775:
1542:
826:
556:
1705:
1246:
848:
379:
This bird has a deep, rather nasal flight-call which resembles the call of the
305:
1831:
1757:
1383:
1114:
1027:
985:
507:
352:
328:
309:
265:
59:
54:
1684:
1159:
1109:
1017:
990:
975:
915:
564:
332:
840:
816:
335:, south of its normal range, and along the northern and eastern coasts of
1796:
1511:
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1180:
1149:
1100:
1089:
1055:
940:
794:
146:
1632:
1723:
1576:
1490:
1289:
1069:
803:
196:
1516:
391:
Agreement on the
Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
1257:
1129:
1124:
1022:
965:
296:
This species breeds in colonies in marshes and islands from southern
86:
30:
1464:
1354:
1602:
1377:
1338:
635:
429:
320:. This gull nests on the ground, laying between two and four eggs.
301:
106:
1477:
1420:
893:
461:
414:
136:
1788:
1617:
830:
821:
433:
336:
324:
297:
96:
1459:
906:
884:
476:
317:
260:
871:
394:
255:
116:
1023:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
389:
The Pallas's gull is one of the species to which the
542:
661:
339:, where it visits annually on an irregular basis.
608:
522:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22694379A38839205.en
1829:
897:(† indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
856:
496:
660:Olsen, Klaus Malling; Larsson, Hans (2004).
659:
602:
581:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
870:
1075:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
863:
849:
833:
760:
195:
48:
29:
1504:great-black-headed-gull-larus-ichthyaetus
664:Gulls: of North America, Europe, and Asia
609:Stevenson, Terry; Fanshawe, John (2001).
520:
688:
627:
287:
713:
682:
655:
653:
577:
545:Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution
536:
1830:
1176:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
1359:
1358:
844:
782:Great black-headed gull photo gallery
633:
1711:e7e2033d-44e9-4b0e-a4d1-19425dc9462d
650:
584:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
1838:IUCN Red List least concern species
508:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
490:
13:
714:Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (1992).
707:
571:
14:
1869:
800:Audio recordings of Pallas's gull
736:
716:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
691:Seabirds: An Identification Guide
1858:Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas
497:Butchart, S.; Symes, A. (2012).
468:
453:
441:
421:
402:
73:
817:Field Guide: Birds of the World
769:"Great black-headed gull media"
743:BirdLife species factsheet for
283:
668:. Princeton University Press.
342:
264:. The scientific name is from
1:
693:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
483:
784:at VIREO (Drexel University)
7:
557:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011
308:, wintering in the eastern
10:
1874:
374:
1592:
1367:
1334:
1316:
1298:
1280:
1255:
1237:
1219:
1138:
1098:
1053:
904:
883:
788:Interactive range map of
752:"Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus"
578:Jobling, James A (2010).
230:
223:
203:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1038:Lesser black-backed gull
966:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
774:Internet Bird Collection
689:Harrison, Peter (1991).
515:: e.T22694379A38839205.
381:lesser black-backed gull
1853:Birds described in 1773
1582:Ichthyaetus-ichthyaetus
1399:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
1369:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
961:Great black-backed gull
349:great black-backed gull
252:great black-headed gull
247:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
179:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
1344:Hybridisation in gulls
1267:Black-legged kittiwake
327:only as a vagrant. In
293:
1848:Birds of Central Asia
1008:American herring gull
1003:European herring gull
460:adult with juvenile,
323:It occurs in western
291:
250:), also known as the
1706:Fauna Europaea (new)
1272:Red-legged kittiwake
971:Glaucous-winged gull
613:. Elsevier Science.
1326:Swallow-tailed gull
1201:Slender-billed gull
638:. Birds in Bulgaria
636:"Birds in Bulgaria"
634:Panayotov, Sergey.
161:I. ichthyaetus
40:Conservation status
1085:Mediterranean gull
1013:Yellow-legged gull
981:Yellow-footed gull
795:IUCN Red List maps
428:Adult with chick,
294:
218: Non-breeding
1825:
1824:
1672:larus-ichthyaetus
1623:larus-ichthyaetus
1594:Larus ichthyaetus
1564:Open Tree of Life
1413:Larus_ichthyaetus
1361:Taxon identifiers
1352:
1351:
1339:Gull eggs as food
1196:Black-headed gull
1191:Brown-headed gull
1186:Black-billed gull
1171:Brown-hooded gull
1033:Slaty-backed gull
946:Short-billed gull
931:Black-tailed gull
827:Pallas's gull
811:Larus ichthyaetus
790:Larus ichthyaetus
745:Larus ichthyaetus
725:978-0-8493-4258-5
700:978-0-395-60291-1
595:978-1-4081-2501-4
501:Larus ichthyaetus
239:
238:
233:Larus ichthyaetus
63:
1865:
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1776:NHMSYS0000530431
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1543:NHMSYS0021274091
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1416:
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1356:
1355:
1206:Bonaparte's gull
951:Ring-billed gull
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475:First-winter in
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411:Museum Wiesbaden
409:Egg, collection
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1376:
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1353:
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1330:
1312:
1294:
1276:
1251:
1233:
1215:
1211:Saunders's gull
1166:Hartlaub's gull
1155:Red-billed gull
1141:Chroicocephalus
1134:
1120:Franklin's gull
1094:
1065:White-eyed gull
1049:
956:California gull
936:Heermann's gull
900:
879:
869:
767:
750:
739:
734:
733:
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127:Charadriiformes
72:
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17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
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1589:
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1508:
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1482:
1469:
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1404:
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1168:
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1146:
1144:
1136:
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1133:
1132:
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1122:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1080:Audouin's gull
1077:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1043:Heuglin's gull
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
999:
998:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
921:Belcher's gull
918:
912:
910:
902:
901:
899:
898:
889:
887:
881:
880:
868:
867:
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853:
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737:External links
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699:
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675:978-0691119977
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620:978-0856610790
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551:(3): 686–699.
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285:
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276:, "fish", and
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212: Breeding
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206:I. ichthyaetus
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26:
25:
24:Pallas's gull
15:
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4:
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2:
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1340:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1308:Sabine's gull
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1270:
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1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:Laughing gull
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
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1060:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:Armenian gull
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:Thayer's gull
994:
993:
992:
989:
987:
986:Glaucous gull
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
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718:. CRC Press.
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353:glaucous gull
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170:Binomial name
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1239:Rhodostethia
1238:
1221:Hydrocoloeus
1220:
1160:Huahine gull
1139:
1110:Dolphin gull
1099:
1054:
1018:Caspian gull
991:Iceland gull
976:Western gull
926:Olrog's gull
916:Pacific gull
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1843:Ichthyaetus
1797:SeaLifeBase
1512:iNaturalist
1393:Wikispecies
1247:Ross's gull
1229:Little gull
1181:Andean gull
1150:Silver gull
1101:Leucophaeus
1090:Relict gull
1056:Ichthyaetus
941:Common gull
829:media from
528:20 February
397:) applies.
343:Description
280:, "eagle".
270:Ichthyaetus
148:Ichthyaetus
1832:Categories
1577:Xeno-canto
1290:Ivory gull
1070:Sooty gull
878:: Laridae)
804:Xeno-canto
642:19 October
484:References
357:wing chord
1609:Q25652653
1282:Pagophila
1130:Grey gull
1125:Lava gull
306:migratory
204:Range of
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1763:22694379
1737:10188790
1646:22694379
1641:BirdLife
1630:BioLib:
1603:Wikidata
1478:45513592
1378:Wikidata
1318:Creagrus
565:16054399
448:juvenile
430:Kalmykia
351:and the
304:. It is
302:Mongolia
292:at Kutch
272:is from
225:Synonyms
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1724:2481155
1491:8028588
1465:gbhgul2
1439:gbhgul2
1421:Avibase
1384:Q476356
894:Species
756:Avibase
462:Romania
415:Germany
375:Ecology
274:ikhthus
189:, 1773)
143:Genus:
137:Laridae
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1815:212627
1789:212627
1750:176855
1693:EURING
1618:ARKive
1569:993037
1556:126702
1530:824068
1517:144521
876:family
831:ARKive
822:Flickr
722:
697:
672:
617:
592:
563:
434:Russia
361:tarsus
337:Africa
325:Europe
314:Arabia
298:Russia
216:
210:
187:Pallas
1810:WoRMS
1802:75087
1732:IRMNG
1685:12019
1680:EUNIS
1659:3SBQH
1460:eBird
1452:6N5PH
1258:Rissa
907:Larus
885:Genus
872:Gulls
477:India
369:aargh
318:India
278:aetos
261:Larus
1784:OBIS
1758:IUCN
1745:ITIS
1719:GBIF
1698:5730
1633:8688
1551:NCBI
1525:ITIS
1486:GBIF
1300:Xema
720:ISBN
695:ISBN
670:ISBN
644:2011
615:ISBN
590:ISBN
561:PMID
530:2022
513:2012
395:AEWA
316:and
256:bird
117:Aves
1771:NBN
1667:CMS
1654:CoL
1538:NBN
1499:IBC
1473:EoL
1447:CoL
1434:BOW
1408:ADW
820:on
814:in
802:on
793:at
586:224
553:doi
517:doi
300:to
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185:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
